NOVELTY - Substrate is prepared from vinasse and mushroom residue in a volume ratio of 2-4:1-3.    USE - The substrate is useful for raising melon/vegetable seedling (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The substrate has high water retention property, favorable air permeability, abundant nutrient content and no inorganic substrate, can promote melon/vegetable seedlings to absorb and utilize water, fertilizer and air, and enhance stress tolerance of the seedlings, thus being beneficial to sound and full seedlings. The substrate can completely substitute substrate product mainly comprising grass carbon in the market. The substrate can protect resources and is cost-effective.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method for preparing the above-mentioned substrate, which involves (a) collecting vinasse, mushroom residue, biogas residue, cow dung and crop straw, where the vinasse is derived from brewed wine and beer product, (b) crushing the raw materials into length or diameter of more than 2 cm, (c) pre-processing of removing coarse material and mechanical impurities, crushing the mushroom residue to leaching, controlling water content to 55-65%, adding urea raw material, adjusting carbon/nitrogen ratio to 20:1-30:1, adding calcined lime, adjusting pH of the raw material to 5.5-8, adding 0.1-0.3 %mass fermenting agent, uniformly stirring, and performing fermentation, (d) decomposing the pre-processed raw material after stack is made of bottom width of 2 m, height of 1.2-1.5 m, covering layer of plastic film to ferment, when the temperature is more than 60-65 degrees C, turning one time, composting at high temperature with stack temperature of 55-65 degrees C for 5 days, stacking mixture at 65 degrees C, adjusting the stacking until the water content is 55-65%, and continuously stacking mixture for 20-30 days, (e) adding vinasse and mushroom residue, vinasse and cattle manure, or vinasse, biogas residue and crops straw admixture, uniformly mixing to obtain base commodity, and (f) uniformly mixing base product for sampling, where the base product has pH of 5.5-8, particle diameter of 5 mm, weight of 0.1-0.40 g/cm3, total porosity of 60-80%, organic matter content of 20%, and total nutrient of 2%.