TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth metal complex catalyst: comprises a metal comprising yttrium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium or lutetium; and is a trivalent rare earth metal complex comprising a rare earth metal atom coordinated by at least two cyclopentadienyl ligands.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The step (a) comprises: providing on the surface of the substrate binder molecules each carrying at least two vinyl groups each substituted by an electron accepting group; and preparing the binding layer by surface grafting and polymerizing the binder molecules on the surface of the substrate. Preferred Components: The binding layer is: prepared using binder molecules which carry two (meth)acrylate groups as vinyl groups substituted with an electron accepting group; or obtainable by providing on the surface of the substrate binder molecules each carrying at least two vinyl groups substituted by an electron accepting group, and surface grafting and polymerizing the binder molecules on the surface of the substrate to form the binding layer. The binder molecules are alkylene glycol dimethacrylates. The polymer chains comprise polymerized units comprising vinylphosphonate units, vinylphosphonic acid units (both preferred), (meth)acrylate units and/or (meth)acrylic acid units. EXAMPLE - Hydrogen terminated silicon substrates were submerged in glass vials with degassed bulk ethylene glycol dimethacrylate for UV polymerization. In this manner, the self-initiated photo-grafting and photopolymerization of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate with UV-light was carried out with a UV light having a spectral distribution of 300-400 nm. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 30 minutes, where a maximum reaction time of 40 minutes was found favorable to avoid bulk gelation. After the UV irradiation, the samples were thoroughly cleaned by ultrasound in toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol and millipore water to remove unreacted monomer and physisorbed polymers to obtain binding layers. After the UV irradiation for 30 minutes, the substrate was vigorously cleaned by ultrasound in several solvents with different polarities to obtain silicon substrate by poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate).