NOVELTY - Nanofibers (N1) comprise a backbone of a lithium-containing-material or lithium-containing-material (I).    USE - The nanofibers are useful in a lithium-ion battery (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The nanofibers are high energy capacity materials with continuous lithium-containing matrices or discrete crystal domains.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Nanofibers (N1) comprises a backbone of a lithium-containing-material or lithium-containing-material of formula (LiaM1bX1c) (I).    M1 = Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, V, Al and/or Li;    X1 = O, PO4 or SiO4;    a = 1-2;    b = 0-2; and    c = 1-4.    INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a nanofiber (N2) comprising lithium sulfur oxide of formula (Li2SOy) (II);    (2) a nanofiber (N3) comprising a continuous polymer matrix comprises a polymer comprising a monomeric repeat unit of formula (CH2-CHOM2);    (3) a nanofiber (N4) comprising a backbone of a first material, where the backbone comprises non-aggregated nanoparticles embedded in it, and the nanoparticles comprise a lithium-containing-material;    (4) a lithium-ion battery comprising an anode in a first chamber, a cathode in a second chamber, and a separator between the first chamber and the second chamber, where the cathode comprises many nanofibers;    (5) a process (P1) for producing a lithium-containing-nanofibers (1010), comprising: electrospinning a fluid stock (1003) to produce a first (as-spun) nanofiber, where the fluid stock comprises polymer and a lithium salt, or is prepared by combining a polymer, salt and fluid; and thermally (1009) treating the first nanofiber to produce the lithium containing nanofiber; and    (6) a process (P2) for producing a lithium-containing-nanofibers, comprising: electrospinning a fluid stock to produce a first (as-spun) nanofiber, where the fluid stock comprises polymer and many nanoparticles, and the nanoparticles comprise a lithium-containing material; and thermally treating the first nanofiber to produce the lithium containing nanofiber.    y = 0-4; and    M2 = H, Li ion or a metal radical, preferably metal halide, metal carboxylate, metal alkoxide, metal diketone and/or metal nitrate, (where at least 5% or at least 10% of M2 is Li+, or at least 10% of M2 is cobalt acetate, manganese acetate or nickel acetate).    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates a method for producing lithium-containing nanofibers.    Fluid stock (1003)    Needle apparatus (1006)    Collector (1007)    Thermally treated (1009)    Lithium-containing nanofibers (1010)