TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon active compound composite further comprises seed materials prepared with the first carbon materials before preparation of the carbon active compound composite. The first carbon materials are zero-dimensional carbon, a one-dimensional carbon, a two-dimensional carbon and their derivatives. The derivatives include zero, one and two-dimensional carbons with surface and/or structural modification. The zero-dimensional carbon is a carbon capsule, a carbon black, an activated carbon and their derivatives. The one-dimensional carbon is a carbon nanotube, a graphite tube, a carbon fiber and their derivatives. The two-dimensional carbon is graphene, natural graphite and their derivatives. The active compounds are silicon, tin, manganese, germanium, antimony, bismuth, zinc, aluminum and/or cadmium in the form of alloy, an oxide, carbide, carbonate, phosphate or complex. The active compounds are well dispersed throughout the carbon active compound composite. The active compounds have an average diameter of 1-1000 nm, and is present in an amount of 1-99 wt.%. Preferred Method: The seed materials are prepared: individually and added during preparation of the carbon active compound composite; and in situ in the preparation process of the carbon active compound composite. The first and the second carbon materials are able to stabilize the active compounds, where the active compound is a bulk material. The step (b) further comprises pulverizing the bulk active compounds into small-scaled active particles of various forms. The step (c) further comprises carbonizing the reacted carbohydrate-like materials and the derivates of the first carbon material. The mixed solution is treated in a gas-tight environment under a first temperature of 100-400 degrees C to form the intermediate. The intermediate is heated at a second temperature of 400-900 degrees C for the formation of the carbon active compound composite. The small-scaled active compounds of various forms are reduced in a controlled environment having a gas to the zero valence state, where the gas for the controlled environment is nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrazine, lithium vapor, sodium vapor, potassium vapor and/or magnesium vapor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbohydrate materials are monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide and/or polysaccharide. The monosaccharide is ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, fructose and/or galactose. The disaccharide is sucrose, lacunose, lactose and/or maltose.