NOVELTY - Method to reduce carbon dioxide to product(s), involves: (A) bubbling carbon dioxide in solution of electrolyte (122) and optionally catalyst (124) in divided electrochemical cell (102) having anode, and cathode that reduces carbon dioxide into products and is selected from e.g. aluminum, gold, nickel-iron alloy, ferritic steel, martensitic steel; (B) adjusting cathode material, surface morphology of cathode, electrolyte, manner of bubbling carbon dioxide, pH, and/or electrical potential of cell, to vary products and faradaic yield of products; and (C) separating products (126).    USE - For reducing carbon dioxide to product(s), where products comprise acetaldehyde, acetate, acetic acid, acetone, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-butanone, carbon, carbon monoxide, carbonates, ethane, ethanol, ethylene, formaldehyde, formate, formic acid, glycolate, glycolic acid, glyoxal, glyoxylate, glyoxylic acid, graphite, isopropanol, lactate, lactic acid, methane, methanol, oxalate, oxalic acid, a polymer containing carbon dioxide, 1-propanal, 1-propanol, and/or propionic acid (all claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method provides electro-catalytic system that allows carbon dioxide to be converted at modest overpotentials to highly reduced species in aqueous solution. The method is simple, efficient and provides economical conversion of carbon dioxide to reduced organic products, such as methanol, formic acid and formaldehyde. Inorganic products such as polymers may also be formed. By the method, carbon-carbon bonds and/or carbon-hydrogen bonds may be formed in aqueous solution under mild conditions utilizing minimum of energy. The energy used by the system may be generated from alternative energy source or directly by using visible light. The reduction of carbon dioxide is catalyzed by aromatic heterocyclic amines (e.g. pyridine, imidazole and substituted derivatives). These simple organic compounds have been found to be effective and stable homogenous electrocatalysts and photoelectrocatalysts for aqueous multiple electron, multiple proton reduction of carbon dioxide to organic products, such as formic acid, formaldehyde and methanol. For production of methanol, reduction of carbon dioxide may proceed along electron transfer pathway. High faradaic yields for reduced products have been found in both electrochemical and photoelectrochemical systems at low reaction overpotentials. The method is environmentally beneficial for reducing carbon dioxide, thus can mitigate carbon dioxide-caused climate change (e.g. global warming). Moreover, methanol product of reduction of carbon dioxide may be advantageously used as convenient energy storage medium, which allows convenient and safe storage and handling, and readily transported and dispensed fuel, including for methanol fuel cells and feedstock for synthetic hydrocarbons and corresponding products currently obtained from oil and gas resources, including polymers, biopolymers and even proteins, that may be used for animal feed or human consumption. The use of methanol as energy storage and transportation material eliminates many difficulties of using hydrogen for such purposes. The safety and versatility of methanol makes reduction of carbon dioxide further desirable.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Method for reducing carbon dioxide to product(s), involves:    (A) bubbling the carbon dioxide into a solution of an electrolyte (122) and optionally a catalyst (124) in a divided electrochemical cell (102), where the divided electrochemical cell comprises an anode in a first cell compartment and a cathode in a second cell compartment, the cathode reduces the carbon dioxide into the products, and is selected from Al, Au, Ag, Bi, C, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, a Cu alloy, Ga, Hg, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, NiCo2O4, Ni alloy, Ni-Fe alloy, Pb, Rh, Sn, Sn alloy, Ti, V, W, Zn, Elgiloy (RTM: cobalt-chromium-nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy), Nichrome (RTM: non-magnetic alloy of nickel, chromium, and iron), austenitic steel, duplex steel, ferritic steel, martensitic steel, stainless steel, degenerately doped p-Si, degenerately doped p-Si:As, degenerately doped p-Si:B, degenerately doped n-Si, degenerately doped n-Si:As, and/or degenerately doped n-Si:B;    (B) adjusting a cathode material, a surface morphology of the cathode, the electrolyte, a manner in which the carbon dioxide is bubbled, a pH level of the solution, and/or an electrical potential of the divided electrochemical cell, to vary at least one of which of the products is produced and a faradaic yield of the products; and    (C) separating the products (126) from the solution.    An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a system (100) for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, comprising: an electrochemical cell including a first cell compartment; an anode positioned within the first cell compartment; a second cell compartment; a separator interposed between the first cell compartment and the second cell compartment; an electrolyte in the second cell compartment; a cathode positioned within the second cell compartment, selected from n-GaAs, SS304, n-Ge, NiCo2O4, and/or Rh; and an energy source operably coupled with the anode and the cathode, where the energy source is configured to apply a voltage between the anode and the cathode to reduce carbon dioxide at the cathode to acetate, acetic acid, glycolate, and/or glycolic acid.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows block diagram of system for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to form products.    System (100)    Electrochemical cell (102)    Water source (104)    Power source (106)    Gas source (108)    Product extractor (110)    Oxygen extractor (112)    Electrolyte (122)    Catalyst (124)    Product (126)