NOVELTY - Surface-mediated, lithium ion-exchanging cell (SMC) comprises: a positive electrode (cathode) comprising a carbon-based cathode active material having a surface area to capture and store lithium; a negative electrode (anode) comprising an anode current collector alone, or combined anode current collector and anode active material; a porous separator arranged between the anode and the cathode; a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes; and a lithium source arranged in at least one of the two electrodes or pre-lithiated into or onto the anode.    USE - The SMC is useful in a stack of SMC device (claimed) for an electric vehicle (EV), plug-in hybrid vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle and micro-EV, where the SMC is partially SMC (p-SMC) (e.g. lithium super-batteries) and fully SMC (f-SMC).    ADVANTAGE - The SMC has high power density, high energy density and long and stable cycle life, and can be discharged in a very fast manner without performing solid-state diffusion.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Surface-mediated, lithium ion-exchanging cell (SMC) comprises: a positive electrode (cathode) comprising a carbon-based cathode active material having a surface area to capture and store lithium, where the cathode active material does not contain a functionalized or oxidized carbon nanotube and has an electrode thickness greater than 5 mu m; a negative electrode (anode) comprising an anode current collector alone, or combined anode current collector and anode active material having a surface area to capture or store lithium; a porous separator arranged between the anode and the cathode; a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the two electrodes, where the anode active material and/or the cathode active material has a specific surface area less than 100 m2/g which is in direct physical contact with the electrolyte to receive lithium ions or to provide lithium ions; and a lithium source arranged in at least one of the two electrodes or pre-lithiated into or onto the anode when the cell is made, and the cell has an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of at least 0.8 volts prior to a first charge or discharge cycle of the cell, where the cell operates between a lower voltage limit and an upper voltage limit and the lower voltage limit is lower than the OCV and the upper voltage limit is 3.8-4.5 volts. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a stack of SMC device comprising the SMCs, which are connected in series or in parallel.