TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer is polymer of formula asterisk-(A)n-asterisk or polymer comprising repeating units of formula asterisk-(A)-asterisk and asterisk-(COM1)-asterisk. Polymer is represented by formulas (Ia1)-(Ia13), (Ib1), or (Ib2). Compound (VIII) is represented by formula A1-Y1-A3-Y15-A2 (VIIIa), A1-Y1-A3-Y15-A4-Y16-A2 (VIIIb), A1-Y1-A3-Y15-A4-Y16-A5-Y17-A2 (VIIIc), A1-A3-Y1-A4-A2 (IXa), A1-A3-Y1-A4-Y15-A5-A2 (IXb), or A1-A3-Y1-A4-Y15-A5-Y17-A5'-A2 (IXc).n=4-1000;A=formula (I) or (II);-COM1-=asterisk-(Ar4)k-(Ar5)l-(Ar6)r-(Ar7)z-asterisk;k, r, z=0, 1, 2, or 3;l=1, 2, or 3;Ar4-Ar7=formula (XIa)-(XIz), (XIIa)-(XIIl), or (XIV);XIIl=formula (XIIla)-(XIIll);XIV=formula (XIVa);X1=-O-, -S-, -NR8-, -Si(R11)(R11')-, -Ge(R11)(R11')-, -C(R7)(R7')-, -C(=O)-, -C(=CR104R104')-, formulas (i)-(viii), formulas (XVa)-(XVs), or formula (XVt);XVs=formulas (XVsa)-(XVsc);XVt=formula (XVta), (XVtb), or (XVuc);X1'=S, O, NR107-, -Si(R117)(R117')-, -Ge(R117)(R117')-, -C(R108)(R109)-, -C(=O)-, -C(=CR104R104')-, formulas (ia)-(viiia), or formula (XVu);R3, R3', R4, R4', R5, R5', R6, R6', R118, R119, R120, R121=H, halo, halogenated 1-25C alkyl, CN, 1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted by O and/or S, 7-25C arylalkyl, or 1-25C alkoxy;R104, R104'=H, CN, COOR103, 1-25C alkyl group, 6-24C aryl, or 2-20C heteroaryl;R7, R7', R9, R9'=H, 1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted by O and/or S, or 7-25C arylalkyl;R8, R8'=H, 6-18C aryl optionally substituted by 1-18C alkyl or 1-18C alkoxy, 1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted by O and/or S, or 7-25C arylalkyl;R11, R11'=1-25C alkyl group, 7-25C arylalkyl, or Ph optionally substituted by 1-8C alkyl and/or 1-8C alkoxy;R12, R12'=H, halo, CN, 1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted by O, S, 1-25C alkoxy, 7-25C arylalkyl, or CH3-CC-R13;R13, R116=1-10C alkyl group or tri(1-8C alkyl)silyl group;R105, R105', R106, R106'=H, halo, CN, 1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted by O and/or S, 7-25C arylalkyl, or 1-18C alkoxy;R107=H, 7-25C arylalkyl, 6-18C aryl optionally substituted by 1-18C alkyl or 1-18C alkoxy, 1-18C perfluoroalkyl, 1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted by -O- or -S-, or -COOR103;R108, R109=H, 1-25C alkyl optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, 7-25C arylalkyl, 6-24C aryl optionally substituted by G, 2-20C heteroaryl optionally substituted by G, 2-18C alkenyl, 2-18C alkynyl, 1-18C alkoxy optionally substituted by E and/or interrupted by D, or 7-25C aralkyl;D=-CO-, -COO-, -S-, -O-, or -NR112'-;E=1-8C thioalkoxy, 1-8C alkoxy, CN, -NR112'R113', -CONR112'R113', or halo;G=E or 1-18C alkyl;R112', R113'=H, 6-18C aryl optionally substituted by 1-18C alkyl or 1-18C alkoxy, or 1-18C alkyl optionally interrupted by -O-;R115, R115'=H, halo, CN, 1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted by O and/or S, 1-25C alkoxy, 7-25C arylalkyl, or CH3-CC-R116;R117, R117'=1-25C alkyl group, 7-25C arylalkyl, or Ph optionally substituted by 1-8C alkyl and/or 1-8C alkoxy;R122, R122'=H, 6-18C aryl optionally substituted by 1-18C alkyl or 1-18C alkoxy, or 1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted by O and/or S, or 7-25C arylalkyl;R201=H, -COOR103, 1-100C alkyl group optionally substituted by halo, OH, NO3, -CN, or 6-18C aryl group and/or optionally interrupted by -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or -S-, 7-25C arylalkyl group, carbamoyl group, 5-12C cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1-100C alkyl and/or 1-100C alkoxy, 6-24C aryl group optionally substituted by 1-100C alkyl, 1-100C thioalkoxy, and/or 1-100C alkoxy, or pentafluorophenyl;R103, R114=1-25C alkyl optionally interrupted O and/or S;R202, R203=H, F, -CN, 1-100C alkyl optionally interrupted by O and/or S, or 1-100C alkoxy; andA3, A4, A5, A5'=formula (XIa), (XId), (XIh), (XIi), (XIIlh), (XVb), (XVb'), (XVh'), (XVu'), (XVu''), or (XVu'''). Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2=formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), or (IId);    R400-R405=H, CN, F, CF3, 1-18C alkoxy, or 1-18C alkyl optionally interrupted by -O-;    R1+R2=formula (IIe);    R104, R104'=H, 1-18C alkyl, 6-10C aryl optionally substituted by G, or 2-8C heteroaryl optionally substituted by G;    COM1-=formula (XIa), (XId), (XIh), (XIi), (XIIlh), (XVb), (XVb'), (XVh'), (XVu'), (XVu''), or (XVu''');    R3, R3', R4, R4', R8, R8'=H or 1-25C alkyl;    R114, R201=1-38C alkyl group;    R202, R203=H or 1-25C alkyl; and    A=formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), or (IIb).