TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The primary nanoparticles have an average diameter of 100-300 nm. The silicon-based nanocore comprises Si, SiOx and a Si-Z' alloy.x=0-2;Z'=alkali metal, alkali earth metal, Group XIII element, Group XIV element, transition metal, or rare earth element.Provided that Z is not Si.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first amorphous carbonaceous coating layer comprises carbide of an organic material selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, starch, mannose, ribose, aldohexose, and/or ketohexose. The first amorphous carbonaceous coating layer is 1-10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the silicon-based nanocore. The thickness of the first amorphous carbonaceous coating layer is 1-100 nm. The secondary particle further comprises a crystalline carbonaceous material having a crystalline flake structure; and on its surface, a secondary carbonaceous coating layer comprising a material selected from soft carbon, hard carbon, meso-phase pitch carbide, and/or sintered coke. The crystalline carbonaceous material comprises one selected from a polycyclic nano-sheet, a lamination of polycyclic nano-sheets, and/or graphite. The secondary particles have an average diameter of 5 pm to 30 mu m. The organic material is selected from sucrose, glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, starch, mannose, ribose, aldohexose, and/or ketohexose. The organic material is 1-30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the silicon-based particles. The organic solvent is selected from ethanol, n-butanol, 1-propanol, and/or 2-propanol. Preferred Method: In the method, the drying is performed at 60-150 degrees C; and the heat treating is performed at 700-1000 degrees C in a reducing atmosphere. The method prior to the spherizing, further involves adding a crystalline carbonaceous material to the dried mixture, where the crystalline carbonaceous material comprises selected from a polycyclic nano-sheet, a lamination of polycyclic nano-sheets, and/or graphite; and prior to the heat treating, coating a surface of the spherized mixture with at least one carbon precursor selected from a coal-based pitch, a meso-phase pitch, a petroleum-based pitch, a coal-based oil, a petroleum-based heavy oil, an organically synthesized pitch, and a polymer resin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.