TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The intermediate porous separator separates the battery to provide an anolyte section associated with the anode and a catholyte section associated with the cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode further contains electroconductive additive and/or binder. The electrode conductive enhancing agent contains graphite, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, graphene, carbon black or soot.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organosulfur compound contains one or more sulfur-containing functional groups chosen from dithioacetal, dithioketal, trithio-orthocarbonate, thiosulfonate (-S(O)2-S-), thiosulfinate (-S(O)-S-), thiocarboxylate (-C(O)-S-), dithiocarboxylate (-C(S)-S-), thiophosphate, thiophosphonate, monothiocarbonate, dithiocarbonate, and trithiocarbonate. The organosulfur compound is chosen from organic polysulfide of formula: R1-S-Sn-R2, organic thiolate of formula: R1-S-M, organic polythiolate of formula: R1-S-Sn-M, dithioacetal or dithioketal of formula: Z-So-S-C(-R3)2-S-Sp-Z or of formula (II), trithio-orthocarboxylate of formula: R3-C(-S-So-Z)(-S-Sq-Z)-S-Sp-Z, aromatic polysulfide of formula (III), polyether-polysulfide of formula (IV), polysulfide-acid salt of formula: MO3-R6-S-So-Z or MO2C-R7-S-So-Z, and organo-or organo-metal polysulfide containing trithiocarbonate of formula: Z'-So-S-C(=S)-S-Sp-Z', organo-or organo-metal polysulfide containing dithiocarbonate of formula: Z'-So-S-C(=O)-S-Sp-Z', or an organo-or organo-metal polysulfide containing monothiocarbonate of formula: Z'-O-C(=O)-S-Sp-Z'. The liquid or gel electrolyte solution further contains dimetal polythiolate compound of formula: M'-S-Sn-M'. The organic moiety contains two carbon atoms. The conductive salt of formula: MX'.R1,R2=linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic 1-20C organic moiety optionally containing functional groups containing N, O, P, S, Se, Si, Sn, halo and/or metal;M=lithium, sodium, quaternary ammonium, or quaternary phosphonium;R3=R1 or H;o,p,q=1 or more;Z=linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic 1-20C organic moiety optionally containing functional groups containing N, O, P, S, Se, Si, Sn, halo and/or metal, Li, Na, quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium;R4=tert-butyl or tert-amyl;R5=OH, OLi or ONa;r=0 or more;R5,R6=divalent organic moiety;Z=1-20C organic moiety, Na, Li, quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium;M'=Li, Na, quaternary ammonium, or quaternary phosphonium;andX'=(CF3SO2)2N, CF3SO3, CH3SO3, ClO4, PF6, NO3, AsF6 or halo.The aromatic rings in formula (V) is optionally substituted in one or more positions with substituents other than hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous polar aprotic solvent or polymer contains one or more functional groups chosen from ether, carbonyl, ester, carbonate, amino, amido, sulfidyl, sulfinyl or sulfonyl.