TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode further comprises aluminum. The cathode comprises a layer of aluminum and a layer of calcium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprise dialysis of the aqueous suspension of nanoparticles to reduce the amount of surfactant in the suspension. The dialysis is performed until the surface tension of a filtrate is less than 50 mN/m. The process comprises repeating step (c) to provide multiple nanoparticle layers. The step (c) is repeated for 2-6 times, preferably three times to provide four nanoparticle layers. The nanoparticle layer(s) are dried at a temperature of 50-150 degrees C after the step (c) and their each repetition step, preferably dried at a temperature of 50-100 degrees C for a period of 10-20 minutes, after the step (c) and their each repetition steps, with the exception of the final nanoparticle layer. The nanoparticle layer(s) are dried at a temperature of 100-160 degrees C for a period of 10-20 minutes, after the deposition of the final nanoparticle layer in step (c). The step (e) is carried out by heating the nanoparticle layer(s) at a temperature of 70-150 degrees C. The step (d) comprises applying a cathode comprising calcium and aluminum, to the device. Preferred Components: The device comprises multiple nanoparticle layers, preferably four nanoparticle layers. The nanoparticle comprises at least two conductive organic compounds. The nanoparticles have a surface energy of 20-60 J/m3. The nanoparticles have a mean diameter of 5-200 (preferably 45-60) nm, and a mean domain size of 2-110 (preferably 15-30) nm. The surface of the nanoparticles is free of surfactants. The conductive organic compounds are: polyacetylenes, porphyrins, phthalocyanins, fullerenes, polyparaphenylenes, polyphenylenevinylenes, polyfluorenes, polythiophenes, polypyrroles, polypyridines, polycarbazoles, polypyridinevinylenes, polyarylvinylenes, poly (para-phenylmethylvinylenes) and/or their derivatives and copolymers; and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl-co-bis-N,N-(4-butylphenyl)-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl-co-benzothiadiazole) (both preferred), poly-3-hexylthiophene, (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene).