NOVELTY - Preparing bio-oil and biological carbon by bamboo thermal cracking and liquefying, comprises preprocessing raw materials, crushing and drying to obtain raw material particles, pneumatically conveying into chamber, conveying to fluidized bed reactor, carrying out thermal cracking and liquefying to generate biological carbon and pyrolysis gas, carrying out cyclonic separation process, filtering and removing carbon from pyrolysis gas, filtering, condensing to obtain bio-oil and pyrolysis tail gas, circulating pyrolysis tail gas, passing excess pyrolysis tail gas to air storage tank, and reusing.    USE - The method is useful for preparing bio-oil and biological carbon by bamboo thermal cracking and liquefying.    ADVANTAGE - The method is simple, strong in operability, clean and environmentally friendly, can realize the utilization of whole bamboo resources, thus improves the bamboo resource utilization rate; is easy for industrialization, and has low energy consumption and wide application prospect.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparing bio-oil and biological carbon by bamboo thermal cracking and liquefying, comprises (a) preprocessing the raw materials, crushing and drying to obtain the raw material particles, where the raw material is bamboo pole, bamboo outer skin, tabasheer, bamboo nodes or bamboo scraps; (b) pneumatically conveying the raw material particles into a chamber through a pneumatic conveying pipe under the action of an airlock, and then conveying into a fluidized bed reactor, where the pneumatic conveying gas is pyrolysis tail gas or nitrogen; (c) carrying out thermal cracking and liquefying in the fluidized bed liquefied under the action of the fluidized carrier gas to generate biological carbon and pyrolysis gas; where the fluidized carrier gas is nitrogen or pyrolysis tail gas; (d) conveying the biological carbon and pyrolysis gas into a cyclone separator, carrying out cyclonic separation process of carbon in the fluidized carrier gas, and collecting the biological carbon in a carbon collector under the cyclonic separation function; (e) filtering and removing carbon from the pyrolysis gas, and then filtering to remove the biological carbon particles in the pyrolysis gas; (f) conveying high-temperature pyrolysis gas condensate into a condenser through a vent, condensing to obtain bio-oil and pyrolysis tail gas, and conveying the bio-oil into a oil storage tank; and (g) circulating the pyrolysis tail gas, taking pyrolysis tail gas as circulating carrier gas of fluidized bed reactor and pneumatically conveying carrier gas, and passing the excess pyrolysis tail gas into an air storage tank, and reusing. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for preparing bio-oil and biological carbon by bamboo thermal cracking and liquefying, comprising a fluidized bed reactor (1), a cyclone separator (2), a filter (3), a condenser (4), an oil storage tank (6), an air storage tank, a carbon collector and a pneumatic conveying feeder, the fluidized bed reactor is provided with a feeding port, the lower portion of feed port of the fluidized bed reactor is connected with the upper outlet of fluidized bed reactor and the inlet of cyclone separator, the lower outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the carbon collector, the upper outlet of cyclone separator is sequentially connected with the air inlet of filter, condenser, storage tank and air storage tank, the outlet of storage tank is connected with the lower portion of air intake port of fluidized bed reactor between each device through pipeline, the pneumatic conveying feeder comprises an airlock and a storage hopper, where the storage hopper is located on the lower part of the fluidized bed reactor feeding port, the storage hopper is set in the fluidized bed reactor through airlock, the airlock at the lower part is provided with a pneumatic conveying pipe, and the fluidized bed reactor is filled with a bed material.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The diagram shows a schematic representation of the device for preparing bio-oil and biological carbon by bamboo thermal cracking and liquefying.    Fluidized bed reactor (1)    Cyclone separator (2)    Filter (3)    Condenser (4)    Oil storage tank (6)