TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: Alternatively, the method comprises providing a first doped reaction product comprising an oxidized form of a first compound and an anion; providing at least one conjugated polymer which has a neutral form and an oxidized form, and combining the first doped reaction product with at least one conjugated polymer in neutral form in a second solvent system to form a second doped reaction product comprising an oxidized form of the conjugated polymer and the anion; where doping produces a neutral form of the first compound. The method comprises providing at least one first compound which has a neutral form and an oxidized form, providing at least one ionic dopant comprising a cation and an anion, combining at least one first compound in a neutral form with at least one ionic dopant comprising at least one cation and at least one anion in a first solvent system to provide a first doped reaction product, where the combination produces a neutral form of the cation, and where the first doped reaction product comprises an oxidized form of the first compound and the anion; isolating the first doped reaction product in solid form, including removing the neutral form of the cation from the first doped reaction product; providing at least one conjugated polymer comprising a poly(alkoxythiophene) which has a neutral form and an oxidized form; and combining the isolated first doped reaction product with at least one conjugated polymer in neutral form in a second solvent system to form a second doped reaction product comprising an oxidized form of the conjugated polymer and the anion; where doping produces a neutral form of the first compound, and where a first work function of the first compound is more negative than the work function of the conjugated polymer. In improved doping for hole injection and transport layers, the first compound is a hole transporting compound or a non-hole transporting compound; the first compound is hole transporting compound; the first compound is an arylamine compound; the first compound is N,N'-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-9,9-dime (DMFL-TPD) or N1,N4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-N1,N4-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (AMB); the first compound has a hole mobility of at least about 0.001 cm2/Vs; the first compound has a molecular weight of less than 750 g/mole; the first compound has work function of at least -4.7 eV; or the first compound has a work function which is larger than the work function of the conjugated polymer. A cation of the ionic dopant is an oxidized species of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhenium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), or gold (Au); and an anion of the ionic dopant is represented by at least one of the following structures of formula 1-5; or an anion of the ionic dopant is represented by at least one of the following structures of formulae 6-10, or represented by Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide, perfluorobutane sulfonate, perfluorooctanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, 4,4,5,5,6,6-hexafluoro-1,3,2-dithiazinan-2-ide-1,1,3,3-tetraoxide, hexafluorophosphate, or tetrafluoroborate.R10 to R10=H, an alkyl, a 1-10C perfluoroalkyl, a polyether, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted naphthyl;A=boron, gallium, phosphorus, antimony, SO3 or CO2;X=F, Cl, Br, I or CN;n=0-6; andm=less than or equal to 6-n.The cation is silver. Anion is an arylborate anion. The cation is silver and the anion is an arylborate anion. The ionic dopant is silver tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, silver tetrakis(2-(1,3,4,5,6,7-heptafiuoro)naphthyl)borate, or its combination. Combining of the first compound in neutral form with at least one cation and at least one anion in a first solvent is carried out at a temperature of less than about 50 degrees C. The first solvent system comprises at least 90 wt.% organic solvent. It comprises tetrahydropyran or dichloromethane. Removing the neutral form of the cation comprises removing zero valent metal from the first solution with use of silver powder after forming the first doped reaction product. Isolating the first doped reaction product in solid form is carried out with use of halogenated solvent. The isolated first doped reaction product has a work function larger, more negative than -4.7 eV. The isolated first doped reaction product has a work function larger, more negative than -5.0 eV. The conjugated polymer has a work function of smaller, less negative than -4.7 eV; or the conjugated polymer has a work function of smaller, less negative than -4.5 eV. The difference in work function between the conjugated polymer and the isolated first doped reaction product is at least 0.3 eV; or the difference in work function between the conjugated polymer and the isolated first doped reaction product is at least 0.5 eV. The conjugated polymer comprises a polythiophene. It comprises a regioregular polythiophene. It comprises at least one polythiophene comprising an alkoxy substituent at either the 3-position, the 4-position or both. The conjugated polymer has a number average molecular weight of at least 5000 g/mole. Combining of the isolated doped reaction product with at least one conjugated polymer in neutral form in a second solvent is carried out at a temperature of less than 50 degrees C. The second solvent system comprises at least one aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and at least one nitrile solvent. An ink is formulated from the second doped reaction product, and the ink further comprises at least one matrix material; ink is formulated from the second doped reaction product, and the ink further comprises at least one matrix material comprising at least one copolymer which comprises arylamine side groups and para-hydroxyphenyl side groups; or ink is formulated from the second doped reaction product, and the ink further comprises at least one matrix material comprising at least one copolymer which comprises fused aromatic side groups and para-hydroxyphenyl side groups. The cation is silver, and the amount of silver in the first doped reaction product is less than 500 ppm; or the cation is silver, and the amount of silver in the first doped reaction product is less than 250 ppm. The first compound is a hole transport compound, the ionic dopant is a silver arylborate dopant, and the conjugated polymer is a polythiophene; or the first compound is an arylamine compound, the ionic dopant is a silver arylborate dopant, and the conjugated polymer is a poly(alkoxythiophene), and where the work function of the isolated first doped reaction product is larger, more negative than the work function of the conjugated polymer. The first doped reaction product is in solid form. The anion is an arylborate anion. The first work function and the second work function are different by at least 1 eV; or the first work function and the second work function are different by at least 1.3 eV. The conjugated polymer has a work function smaller and less negative than -4.6 eV, and the doped first reaction product has a work function larger and more negative than -5.5. The first compound does not comprise alkoxy substitutents. The poly(alkoxythiophene) comprises polyetheric side groups. Preferred Device: The device is OLED, an organic photovoltaic device (OPV), a small molecule organic light emitting diode (SMOLED), a Polymer light-emitting diode (PLED), an electrostatic discharge (ESD), a sensor, a supercapacitor, a dielectric capacitor, a cation transducer, a drug release device, an electrochromic device, a transistor, a field effect transistor, an electrode modifier, an electrode modifier for an organic field transistor, an actuator, a transparent electrode, a seed layer for a printed circuit, or a conductance aid in a battery. Preferred Composition: In the composition, the copolymer comprises fused aromatic side groups, or the copolymer comprises arylamine side groups. The conjugated polymer is doped. It is doped in an amount of about 0.3 moles per repeat unit to about 0.4 moles per repeat unit. The aromatic side group comprising the hydroxyl substituent is a para-hydroxyphenyl side group. Only one hydroxyl group is present.