TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inner current collector contains stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, plastic carbon, copper, carbon, surface-treated titanium or stainless steel, aluminum-cadmium alloy or non-conductive polymer surface treated with conductive material. The outer current collector contains stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, plastic carbon, copper, carbon, surface-treated titanium or stainless steel, aluminum-cadmium alloy, non-conductive polymer surface treated with conductive material polymer, metal powder or metal paste containing nickel, aluminum, gold, silver, palladium, silver, chromium, tantalum, copper, barium or indium tin oxide, graphite or carbon paste, carbon powder, carbon black and/or carbon nanotubes. The lithium salt (s1) is chosen from lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium chlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium-boron complex oxide (LiB10Cl10), lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethyl acetate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium methanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium chloroborane, aliphatic lithium carbonate and lithium tetraphenylborate. The inner-electrode active material layer contains natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbonaceous material, lithium titanium oxide and/or metal (ME) chosen from silicon, tin, lithium, zinc, magnesium, cadmium, cerium, nickel and iron, alloy of metal (ME), oxide of metal (ME) and/or composite of carbon and metal (ME). The outer-electrode active material layer contains lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium cobalt phosphate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide and/or lithium nickel-cobalt-metal (M1)-metal (M2) oxide (LiNi1-x-y-zCoxM1yM2zO2, where M1 and M2 is aluminum, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, vanadium, chromium, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, magnesium and/or molybdenum, x is 0 and less than 0.5, y is 0-0.5, z is more than 0 and less than 0.5, and x+y+z is less than 1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive material contains polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(sulfur nitride), indium tin oxide, silver, palladium and/or nickel. The conductive polymer contains polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and/or poly(sulfur nitride). The electrolyte absorbing layer (e1) and electrolyte absorbing layer (140) contain nonaqueous liquid electrolyte containing ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methyl formate, gamma -butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl acetate or methyl propionate, gel polymer electrolyte comprising polyethylene oxide, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyacrylonitrile or polyvinyl acetate or solid electrolyte including polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene imine, polyethylene sulfide or polyvinyl acetate, and further contain lithium salt (s1). The separator has porous base material containing binder polymer comprising ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-methacrylate copolymer, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyether-ether-ketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfate, polyolefine-based high polymer and/or polyethylene naphthalate and inorganic particles.