TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The battery comprises an anode. The anode comprises the compound comprising monosodium terephthalate (HNaBDC), disodium terephthalate (Na2BDC), monolithium terephthalate (HLiBDC), dilithium terephthalate (Li2BDC), monopotassium terephthalate (HKBDC), dipotassium terephthalate (K2BDC), monosodium monolithium terephthalate (NaLiBDC), monosodium monopotassium terephthalate (NaKBDC), or monolithium monopotassium terephthalate (LiKBDC) (preferably polyethylene terephthalate or terephthalic acid).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (I) is a compound of formulae (I)-(VII) (preferably a compound of formula (ia)).R1a,R2a=C(O)OM1, C(O)OR3, SO3H, SO3M1, COH, COR3, NO2, or CR7(=NCHR8R9);R3=H, alkyl, or aryl (preferably H, or 1-10C alkyl, especially C(O)OH, C(O)OLi, C(O)ONa, C(O)OK, C(O)OMg, C(O)OCH3, C(O)OCH2CH3, C(O)OCH2CH2CH3, C(O)OCH(CH3)2, C(O)O(CH2)3CH3, C(O)OCH2CH(CH3)2, C(O)OCH2CH2OCH3, C(O)OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3, SO3Li, SO3Na, SO3K, SO3Mg, SO3H, COH, COCH3, COCH2CH3, C(O)O(Phenyl), C(O)O(benzyl), NO2, CMe(=NCH(Me)2), or C(phenyl)(=NCH(CH3)2);R7,R8,R9=H or alkyl;M1=Li, Na, K, or Mg;R14=C(O), C(O)OCH2CH2, C(O)OCH2CH2CH2, (C(O)OCH2CH2CH2CH2, C(O)CH2CH2OCH2, C(O)CH2CH2OCH2CH2, or S(O)(O);x,y=0-6 (preferably 0 or 1);z=0-6 (preferably 1-3);n=1 or 2;R4=T1 (preferably H, F, Cl, Br, OH, or 1-4C alkyl);R5,R6,R11,R12,R13,R15,R16,R17,R18=T1 (preferably H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, or 2,2,2-trifluoromethoxy);T1=H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, CN, NO2, alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl;orR4+R4=fused ring;orR5+R6,R6+R11,R11+R12,R12+R13,R13+R15,R15+R16,R16+R17,R17+R18,R18+R5=fused ring;R1b,R2b=C(O)OH, C(O)OM1, or C(O)OR3b;R4b=H;R3b=H or 1-6C alkyl.Provided that at least one of x, y, and z is greater than 0. Preferred Definitions:    Y1=alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 24 compounds are specified as the compound (i) e.g. isochromeno(6,5,4-def)isochromene-1,3,6,8-tetraone (IA); monosodium terephthalate, disodium terephthalate, monolithium terephthalate and dilithium terephthalate.