TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During selective extraction of metal from metal-containing substance containing nonaqueous solid waste, industrial waste containing fly ash, fly ash waste, soil, fluorescent bulb waste and electrical component waste, fly ash is treated to reduce concentration of calcium in fly ash, and the fly ash is milled or sized to provide fly ash having average particle size of 15 mu m or less. The industrial waste is treated with sulfuric acid and/or nitric acid. Metals (A)-(F) is selectively removed from the fly ash with supercritical carbon dioxide and corresponding chelating agents (C1)-(C6). The industrial waste is provided from fossil fuel-fired system, sulfur oxide (SOx, where x is not defined) is removed from flue gas of the fossil fuel-fired system, sulfur oxide is processed to form sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxide (NOx) is removed from the flue gas of the fossil fuel-fired system, nitrogen oxide is processed to form nitric acid, carbon dioxide is removed from the flue gas of the fossil fuel-fired system, carbon dioxide is processed to form supercritical carbon dioxide, and metal(s) is extracted from the industrial waste with supercritical carbon dioxide(s), the nitric acid, sulfuric acid and chelating agent. Preferred Composition: The fly ash is class C fly ash and/or class F fly ash. The metal(s) comprise industrial metal, rare-earth metal chosen from scandium, lanthanum, dysprosium, europium, neodymium and yttrium, preferably scandium, transition metal, lanthanide, actinide, toxic metal and metalloid. The metal (A) is scandium. The metal (B) includes lanthanum and neodymium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chelating agent is chosen from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetylacetone, hexafluoroacetylacetone, fluorinated crown ether, bis(2,4,4-trimethylphenyl)phosphinic acid, tributylphosphate, thenoyltrifluoroacetylacetone and lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate. The chelating agent (C1) is mixture of thenoyltrifluoroacetylacetone and methanol. The chelating agent (C2) is hexafluoroacetylacetone. The chelating agents (C3)-(C6) are chosen from acetylacetone, hexafluoroacetylacetone, fluorinated crown ether, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid, tributylphosphate, thenoyltrifluoroacetylacetone and lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate.