TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vapor-phase oxidizing agent is ferric chloride, ferric bromide, copper chloride, iodine, bromine, germanium tetrachloride, antimony iodide, phosphorus tribromide, antimony pentachloride, antimony pentafluoride, titanium tetrachloride, phosphorus trichloride, sulfuryl chloride, chromyl chloride, sulfanyl thiohypochlorite, vanadium tetrachloride, vanadium oxytrichloride, boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate, tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate or boron fluoride etherate. The cathode buffer material is further coated with secondary material chosen from cesium carbonate, cesium fluoride, lithium carbonate, lithium fluoride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, conductive polymer and optionally substituted polythiophene. Alternately, the secondary material is an acid chosen from hydrochloric acid, hydrogen bromide, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid. The electron-accepting material comprises carbon-60, 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. The device comprises anode buffer material. The anode buffer material is a metal oxide comprising molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide or tungsten trioxide. The cathode is indium-tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vapor-phase monomer species is 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. The device comprises photoactive material containing an electron-accepting material and an electron-donating material. The electron-donating material comprises tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene, copper phthalocyanine, chloroaluminum phthalocyanine, or tin phthalocyanine, merocyanine dye, or an optionally substituted conjugated polymer based on polythiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cathode buffer material is reduced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The oxidative chemical vapor deposition is carried out using a vapor-phase monomer species and a vapor-phase oxidizing agent.