NOVELTY - Aqueous lithium sulfur electrochemical cell comprises: an anode structure comprising an electroactive component material; a cathode comprising a solid electron transfer medium; an aqueous electrolyte in contact with the electron transfer medium; and active sulfur species in contact with the aqueous electrolyte, where the anode electroactive material is isolated from direct contact with the aqueous electrolyte.    USE - The electrochemical cell is useful in electric vehicles and grid storage applications.    ADVANTAGE - The electrochemical cell exhibits improved energy density, power density and cycle life thus providing a cost effective and compact solution for load leveling, electric vehicles and renewable energy storage.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) making the aqueous lithium sulfur cell, comprising providing a lithium anode structure comprising an electro-active material, providing a cathode comprising an electron transfer medium for electro-reducing active sulfur species during cell discharge, providing an aqueous electrolyte comprising water, and configuring the electrolyte, anode structure and cathode into a battery cell, where at least one or both of the cathode and electrolyte comprises active sulfur species; and    (2) a lithium sulfur flow cell system comprising the lithium sulfur cell, an external reservoir system comprising a storage tank comprising aqueous catholyte in flow communication with the aqueous electrolyte in the cell, where the aqueous catholyte in the storage tank comprises one or more of a dispersion of solid elemental sulfur, dissolved elemental sulfur, dissolved lithium polysulfide species, dissolved lithium sulfide, and a dispersion of solid lithium sulfide.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a schematic view of battery cell.    Cathode (110)    Lithium anode (120)    Lithium electro-active material layer (122)    Lithium ion conducting protective membrane (126)    Porous separator material layer. (130)