TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal precursor comprises at least one metal-ligand complex, where the metal-ligand complex is in association with the polymer; comprises metal selected from Ag, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Pb, Au, Sn, Al, Zr, Li, Mn, Cr, Be, Cd, Si, Ti, V, Hf, Sr, Ba, and/or Ge; comprises a transition metal; comprises a metalloid; and is a metal-ligand complex comprising at least one ligand selected from carboxylate, nitrate, halide, diketone, and/or alkoxide. The reagent precursor, precursor of fluid stock or both comprises metal acetate, metal nitrate, metal chloride, and/or metal methoxide. The elemental metal is selected from Ag, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Pb, Au, Sn, and/or Al. The ceramic or metal oxide is selected from A12O3, ZrO2, Fe2O3, CuO, NiO, ZnO, CdO, C, Ge, Si, SiO2, TiO2, V2O5, VO2, Fe3O4, SnO, SnO2, CoO, CoO2, Co3O4, HfO2, BaTiO3, SrTiO3, and BaSrTiO3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the fluid stock is a solution; uniform dispersion; or homogenous dispersion. The weight-to-weight ratio of the precursor to polymer in the fluid stock is at least 1:2 (preferably at least 1:1) and the fluid stock is aqueous. The fluid stock is prepared by combining reagent precursor, reagent polymer and water to form the fluid stock comprising the precursor and the polymer, and where the reagent precursor and reagent polymer are combined in a weight to weight ratio of over 1:2. The reagent precursor and reagent polymer are combined the in a weight-to-weight ratio of at least 1:1. The precursors are present in the fluid stock in a polymer-precursor association. The polymer (at least 25%) is saturated with precursor molecules. The precursor molecules (at least 25%) are associated with polymer. The precursor is present in the fluid stock in a concentration of at least 200 (preferably at least 250, especially at least 300) mM. Electrospinning the fluid stock results in the formation of electrospun nanofiber material comprising metal precursor and polymer. The process (P1) further involves calcining the electrospun material to prepare calcinated nanofiber, where the calcining of the electrospun material comprises thermally treating the electrospun material, chemically treating the electrospun material, or both. The process (P1) involves removing (e.g. by calcination) polymer from the electrospun material. Calcining the electrospun material converts metal precursor to metal, metal oxide or ceramic. Calcining the electrospun material converts first metal precursor to ceramic and second metal precursor to metal. The process (P1) involves calcining the electrospun material under oxidative conditions, by converting metal precursor to metal oxide (e.g. ceramic metal oxide). The process (P1) involves electrospun material the nanofiber under inert or reducing conditions, by converting metal precursor to metal. The calcining the electrospun material comprises heating the electrospun material to a temperature of at least 400?o C. The fluid stock is co-axially electrospun with second fluid. The second fluid is a gas (e.g. air). The second fluid is second fluid stock comprising second metal precursor and second polymer, where the metal precursor and second metal precursor are the same or different and the polymer and second polymer are the same or different, and where the process (P1) produces a layered nanofiber. Preferred Nanofiber: The electrospun nanofiber (F1) is prepared by the process (P1); comprises organic polymer and metal precursor (at least 90 wt.%); and comprises elemental metal (at least 10 wt.%). The nanofibers (F2) comprise a continuous matrix (at least 33 wt./wt.%) of metal, metal oxide, and/or ceramic; are metal nanofibers comprising elemental metal (at least 90 wt.%); are metal oxide nanofibers comprising metal oxide (at least 90 wt.%) and elemental metal (at least 30 wt.%); are ceramic nanofibers comprising ceramic (at least 90 wt.%) and elemental metal (at least 30 wt.%); are metal alloy nanofibers comprising metal alloy (at least 90 wt.%) and elemental metal (at least 30 wt.%); and are composite nanofibers comprising first material and second material, where the first material is continuous matrix material, and one or both of the first material or second material comprises metal, metal oxide, and/or ceramic. The second material is second continuous matrix material (e.g. the first and second continuous matrix materials are coaxial layers); and comprises isolated domains of the nanofibers. At least one or both of the first or second materials comprises metal and the nanofibers comprises an average of elemental metal (at least 20 wt.%). The first material is ceramic and the second material is metal. The first material is metal and the second material is metal. The first material is ceramic and the second material is ceramic. The nanofiber (F2) comprises an average of elemental metal (at least 30 or 50 wt.%); comprise a metal-non-metal alloy; comprise a conductive material, where the nanofibers have an conductivity of at least 10% when compared with the conductivity of the conductive material when formed into a sheet; comprise a continuous matrix of amorphous ceramic and comprise an average ultimate strength-to-diameter ratio of at least 0.075 MPa/nm, an average Young's modulus-to-diameter ratio of at least 0.15 GPa/nm, and an average fracture toughness of at least 0.6 MPA MPa.m1/2; comprise a continuous matrix of amorphous ceramic and comprise an average ultimate strength-to-diameter ratio of at least 0.15 MPa/nm, an average Young's modulus-to-diameter ratio of at least 0.3 GPa/nm, and an average fracture toughness of at least 0.7 MPa.m1/2; comprise a continuous matrix of crystalline ceramic and comprise an average ultimate strength-to-diameter ratio of at least 5 MPa/nm, and an average Young's modulus-to-diameter ratio of at least 1.5 GPa/nm; comprise a continuous matrix of crystalline ceramic and comprise an average ultimate strength-to-diameter ratio of at least 12.5 MPa/nm and an average Young's modulus-to-diameter ratio of at least 4 GPa/nm; comprise a continuous matrix of metal and have an average ultimate strength-to-diameter ratio of at least 0.35 MPa/nm and an average Young's modulus-to-diameter ratio of at least 1.1 GPa/nm; comprise a continuous matrix of metal and have an average ultimate strength-to-diameter ratio of at least 0.9 MPa/nm and an average Young's modulus-to-diameter ratio of at least 2.9 GPa/nm; and comprise an average of less than 5% carbon by elemental mass. Preferred Components: The polymer is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyglycolic acid, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), ethylcellulose, cellulose ethers, polyacrylic acid, and/or polyisocyanate; is (i) hydrophilic, and (ii) water soluble or water swellable; is thermally and/or chemically degradable; is a polymer comprising several nucleophilic moieties and the reagent precursor is electrophilic; and is a polymer comprising several electrophilic moieties and the reagent precursor is nucleophilic. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.