TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The lithium ion battery contains nonaqueous electrolytic solution or nonaqueous polymer electrolyte, positive electrode sheet, and negative electrode sheet. The lithium ion battery further contains ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, or vinylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The element is chosen from silicon, tin, germanium and indium. The carbon particles (B) is a graphite particles obtained by heat-treating a petroleum-based coke and/or a coal-based coke at 2500 degrees C or more, or carbonaceous particles obtained by heat-treating a petroleum-based coke and/or a coal-based coke at 800-1500 degrees C. The carbon particles (B) contains a graphite particles and a carbonaceous layer present on the surface of the graphite particles obtained by adhering an organic compound to the graphite particles and heat-treating at 200-2000 degrees C. The amount of the fine particles (A) is 5-100 parts mass per 100 parts mass carbon particles (B). The amount of the carbonaceous layer adhered is 0.05-10 parts mass per 100 parts mass graphite particles. Preferred Properties: The 90% particle diameter (D90) in the number-based cumulative particle size distribution of fine particles (A) is 500 nm or less. The 50% particle diameter (D50) in the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution of carbon particles (B) is 2-15 mu m. Preferred Process: During manufacture, the fine particles (A) and carbon particles (B) are modified with silane coupling agent. The carbon particles are oxidized before modification.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chemical bond is chosen from urethane bond, urea bond, siloxane bond, and ester bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic compound is chosen from petroleum-based pitch, coal-based pitch, phenol resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, furan resin, cellulose resin, polystyrene resin, polyimide resin, and epoxy resin.