NOVELTY - The method comprises mixing a first solution having a metal oxide precursor, a second solution having a polymer as a carbon fiber precursor and an ionic liquid solution for nitrogen doping and formation of a porous structure to prepare (S10) an electrospinning solution, electrospinning the electrospinning solution to prepare (S20) a metal oxide-nitrogen-porous carbon nanofiber composite, and thermally treating (S30) the composite. The step preparing of the composite is performed by maintaining the electrospinning solution at less than or equal to 70 degrees C, and applying a voltage of 10-25 kV.    USE - The method is useful for manufacturing an anode active material, which is useful for forming an anode of a lithium battery (all claimed), a solar cell and a fuel cell that is useful in electric vehicles and power storage devices of small electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers.    ADVANTAGE - The anode active material improves conductivity, electrical properties, capacity and stability of the lithium battery.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The method comprises mixing a first solution having a metal oxide precursor, a second solution having a polymer as a carbon fiber precursor and an ionic liquid solution for nitrogen doping and formation of a porous structure to prepare (S10) an electrospinning solution, electrospinning the electrospinning solution to prepare (S20) a metal oxide-nitrogen-porous carbon nanofiber composite, and thermally treating (S30) the composite. The step preparing of the composite is performed by maintaining the electrospinning solution at less than or equal to 70 degrees C, and applying a voltage of 10-25 kV while supplying the electrospinning solution at a flow rate of 0.1-1 ml/h so that electrospinning is carried out. The step of thermally treating the composite comprises: primarily heating the composite to 280 degrees C; thermally treating the primarily heated composite in an air atmosphere for 3-5 hours; secondarily heating the thermally treated composite to 500 degrees C; and thermally treating the secondarily heated composite in an argon atmosphere for 1-5 hours. The steps of thermally treating in the air atmosphere and the secondarily heating are successively performed. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for:    (1) an anode; and    (2) a lithium battery.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows a flow chart of a method for manufacturing an anode active material.    Preparing an electrospinning solution (S10)    Preparing a metal oxide-nitrogen-porous carbon nanofiber composite (S20)    Thermally treating the composite. (S30)