NOVELTY - The element (1) has an excitation electrode (20) including a first conductive layer (29) provided on a surface of a quartz crystal substrate (10) and a second conductive layer (28) provided on an opposite side to the first layer on a substrate side, which is placed within an outer edge of the first layer when seen in a plan view from a direction perpendicular to the surface. A region surrounded by an outer edge of the second layer is smaller than a region surrounded by the outer edge of the first layer when seen in the plan view from the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.    USE - Resonator element for use in an electronic control unit e.g. key- less entry, immobilizer, car navigation system, car air-conditioner, antilock brake system, air bag, tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), engine control, battery monitor and car-body posture control system, of a mobile body e.g. hybrid automobile and electric automobile, and in an electronic device e.g. small-size temperature compensation type oscillator and voltage control type oscillator, of an electronic apparatus (all claimed) e.g. cellular phone, mobile type personal computer and digital camera. Can also be used in an ink jet ejecting apparatus i.e. ink jet printer, laptop personal computer, TV set, audio and video camera, video tape recorder, electronic game console, workstation, TV phone, medical instrument e.g. electronic thermometer, sphygmomanometer, blood glucose monitoring system, ECG measurement device, ultrasound diagnostic device and electronic endoscope, fish finder and a flight simulator.    ADVANTAGE - The element prevents a main electrode, which is not tightly attached to a main electrode underlying portion expected to deteriorate Drive Level Dependence (DLD) characteristics from being provided such that great effect is exerted, thus improving yield rate of DLD characteristic inspection of the element and manufacturing the element with excellent DLD characteristics. The element allows an area of the excitation electrode to be larger so as to reduce a capacitance ratio of a resonator, thus increasing frequency adjustment amount or frequency variable amount when the resonator is used in the oscillator in a cost-effective manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The first conductive layer is an underlying/lower electrode layer. The second conductive layer is an uppermost conductive layer. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:    (1) a resonator    (2) an electronic device    (3) a method for manufacturing a resonator element.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of a resonator element.    Resonator element (1)    Quartz crystal substrate (10)    Excitation electrode (20)    Pad electrodes (24)    Conductive layers (28, 29)