NOVELTY - Producing (M1) at least one fermentation end-product, involves: a1) contacting a saccharide solution comprising 5C monosaccharides and/or 6C monosaccharides and particulate solids with a cell culture; and b1) allowing a time for cells in the cell culture to produce at least one fermentation end-product comprising at least one polyol, fatty acid and/or triacylglycerol; where a greater yield of at least one polyol, fatty acid or triacylglycerol is produced in comparison to fermentation of a saccharide solution comprising a lower level of the particulate solid.    USE - For producing at least one fermentation end-product comprising polyol (e.g. glycerol), fatty acid (e.g. hexanoic acid) and/or triacylglycerol (TAG) and other fermentation end-product comprising alcohol (e.g. ethanol) (claimed) and fuel such as hydrocarbons hydrogen, and hydroxy compounds.    ADVANTAGE - The fermentation end-products are produced in a greater yield of at least 1% higher (preferably at least 10% higher, especially at least 50% higher, particularly at least 75% higher or at least 2 fold higher). The method improves yield of polyols, fatty acids, and/or triacylglycerols. The solution comprising 5C and 6C sugars, modulates the microorganism to produce at least greater than or equal to 10% (preferably at least greater than or equal to 70%, especially at least greater than or equal to 80%, particularly at least greater than or equal to 90%) fermentation end product than the medium. The solution comprising 5C and 6C sugars, modulates the microorganism to produce at least twice as much fermentation end product than the medium. The growth rate of cells in the cell culture is faster in saccharide solutions. The method reduces the amount of defined growth media in a fermentation process. The solution causes the microorganism to produce more of triacylglycerol (TAG) fermentation end product than the microorganism would produce without the solution.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) triacylglycerols produced by the methods (M1)-(M3);    (2) fatty acids produced by the methods (M1)-(M3);    (3) polyols produced by the methods (M1)-(M3);    (4) glycerol produced by the methods (M1)-(M3);    (5) producing (M2) at least one fermentation end-product, involving: a2) adding exogenous particulate solids to a saccharide solution comprising 5C monosaccharides and/or 6C monosaccharides; b2) contacting the saccharide solution with a cell culture; and c2) allowing a time for cells in the cell culture to produce at least one fermentation end-product comprising at least one polyol, fatty acid and/or triacylglycerol; where a greater yield of at least one polyol, fatty acid or triacylglycerols is produced in comparison to fermentation of a saccharide solution without the exogenous particulate solids;    (6) producing (M3) at least one fermentation end-product, involving: a3) adding at least one exogenous osmotic agent to a saccharide solution comprising 5C monosaccharides and/or 6C monosaccharides; b3) contacting the saccharide solution with a cell culture; and c3) allowing a time for cells in the cell culture to produce at least one fermentation end-product comprising at least one polyol, fatty acid and/or triacylglycerol; where a greater yield of at least one polyol, fatty acid and/or triacylglycerol is produced in comparison to fermentation of a saccharide solution without at least one exogenous osmotic agent;    (7) a system (S1) for producing an increased yield of polyols, fatty acids and/or triacylglycerols, comprising: a4) a fermentation vessel; b4) a saccharide solution comprising 5C monosaccharides and/or 6C monosaccharides and particulate solids; and c4) a cell culture containing cells that produce at least one polyol, fatty acid and/or triacylglycerol from the 5C monosaccharides and/or the 6C monosaccharides in a greater yield than from an equivalent amount of the 5C monosaccharides and/or 6C monosaccharides with a lower level of the particulate solids;    (8) a system (S2) for producing an increased yield of polyols, fatty acids, and/or triacylglycerols, comprising: a5) a fermentation vessel; b5) a saccharide solution comprising 5C monosaccharides and/or 6C monosaccharides and at least one osmotic agent; and c5) a cell culture containing cells that produce at least one polyol, fatty acids and/or triacylglycerol from 5C monosaccharides and/or 6C monosaccharides in a greater yield than from an equivalent amount of the 5C monosaccharides and/or 6C monosaccharides with a lower level of at least one osmotic agent;    (9) a fermentation substrate comprising: a6) 5C monosaccharides; b6) 6C monosaccharides; and c6) at least one metal ion comprising aluminum ions, antimony ions, arsenic ions, barium ions, cadmium ions, calcium ions, chromium ions, cobalt ions, copper ions, iron ions, lead ions, magnesium ions, manganese ions, nickel ions, phosphorus ions, potassium ions, selenium ions, silver ions, sodium ions, tin ions, vanadium ions and/or zinc ions;    (10) producing (M7) fermentation end products, involving: a7) contacting a biomass material with a pretreatment and hydrolysis that releases both 6C and 5C sugars and a residual solids portion; b7) adding the 6C and 5C sugar and solids portion to a fermentation process modulated by a biocatalyst; and c7) carrying out the fermentation process until a fermentation end product is produced;    (11) producing (M8) fermentation end-products involving: a8) contacting a biomass material with a pretreatment and hydrolysis that releases both 6C and 5C sugars and residuals; b8) concentrating the 6C and 5C sugars and residuals; c8) adding the 6C and 5C sugar and residuals to a fermentation broth and a biocatalyst; d8) fermenting step (c8) for a time to produce an increase in growth rate of the biocatalyst compared to the same biocatalyst when fermenting a purified 6C and 5C sugar stream containing no microbial nutrients;    (12) reducing (M9) the amount of defined growth media in a fermentation process involves: a9) pretreating biomass; b9) hydrolyzing the biomass to produce 5C and 6C sugars in a solution with residual nutrients; and c9) replacing all or a portion of defined growth medium for a fermenting microorganism with residual nutrients during a fermentation process;    (13) producing a triacylglycerol (TAG) fermentation end product, involving: contacting a microorganism with a solution comprising a composition of 5C and 6C sugars and residual nutrients from pretreatment and hydrolysis of biomass, where the solution causes the microorganism to produce more of TAG fermentation end product than the microorganism would produce without the solution; and    (14) a composition that improves yields of fermentation end product during microbial fermentation of biomass comprising 5C and 6C sugars in a residual nutrient solution.