TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The gas permeable electrode contains hydrophobic layer and porous conducting material. Preferred Process: Manufacture of gas permeable electrode involves associating the hydrophobic layer, and pre-treating a surface of the porous conducting material to remove oxide. When the electrode e.g. gas permeable electrode is cathode (15) the hydrogen gas is produced at cathode and diffuses out of the cell or anode (3) the oxygen gas is produced at anode and diffuses out of the cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte (11) contains catalyst chosen from gold, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, nickel(II) oxide, manganese complex, iron complex, molybdenum sulfide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, and/or gallium arsenide. The hydrophobic layer is formed from fluorinated hydrocarbon precursor(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous material contains hydrophobic thin-film coating chosen from silicone-fluoropolymer, polydimethylsiloxane or its copolymers with fluoromonomer, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxole with tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, nylon 8, nylon 9, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly n-butyl methacrylate, polytrifluoroethylene, nylon 10, polybutadiene, polyethylene polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane, poly(t-butyl methacrylate), fluorinated ethylene propylene, hexatriacontane, paraffin, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(hexafluoropropylene), and/or polyisobutylene. The hydrophobic layer is a polymer material, preferably poly-perfluoro(methyldecalin). The gas permeable electrode is hydrophobic coating-porous conducting material-catalyst is chosen from poly(perfluoro(methyldecalin))-carbon fiber-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene), poly(perfluoro(methyldecalin))-copper-platinum, poly(perfluoro(methyldeclain))-nickel, and poly(perfluoro(methyldecalin))-nickel-platinum. Preferred Properties: The porous material has an average pore size of less than 0.5 mu m, preferably 0.05 mu m. The porous conducting material has resistance of less than 3 Omega /m2, and pore size of less than 50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The porous conducting material is formed of a material chosen from conducting carbon, carbon fiber, non-woven carbon fiber, carbon nanotube felt, graphene, and carbon nanotube, or chosen from nickel, titanium, chromium, copper, gold, and silver. The porous conducting material is chosen from woven or non-woven mesh, grid, net, lattice, and web. Preferred Process: The porous conducting material is formed by coating conductive material on fiber, strand or fabric, and weaving.