TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: In the lithium-ion cell (I): the anode active material is silicon, germanium, tin or tin oxide; the cathode has a specific surface area greater than 100 (preferably 1000) m2/g; the cathode further contains a conductive filler such as graphite or carbon particles, carbon black, expanded graphite particles, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon fiber and/or conductive polymer; the lithium source comprises a lithium chip, lithium alloy chip, lithium foil, lithium alloy foil, lithium powder, lithium alloy powder, surface stabilized lithium particles, a mixture of lithium metal or lithium alloy with a lithium intercalation compound, and/or lithium or lithium alloy film coated on a surface of an anode or cathode active material; the anode active material contains a mixture of a high capacity anode material and a high rate capable anode material, where the high rate capable anode material comprises nano-scaled particles or filaments of a transition metal oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide and/or iron oxide, and the high capacity anode material is silicon, germanium, tin and/or tin oxide; the anode active material is non-lithiated silicon, germanium and/or tin, or non-lithiated alloys or intermetallic compounds of silicon, germanium and/or tin, or non-lithiated oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, tellurides or antimonides of silicon, germanium, tin, antimony, bismuth, aluminum, iron, titanium, cobalt, nickel, manganese and/or cadmium or their composites, or non-lithiated salts or hydroxides of tin; and the anode active material contains a nanomaterial having a dimension less than 100 nm, and is a nano particle, nano disc, nano platelet, nano wire, nano-rod, nano belt, nano scroll, nanotube, nano filament, nano coating or nano film. In lithium-ion cell (II), the anode active material: contains a mixture of a high capacity anode material and a high rate capable anode material, where the high rate capable anode material comprises nano-scaled particles or filaments of a lithium transition metal oxide, lithiated cobalt oxide, lithiated manganese oxide, lithiated iron oxide and/or lithium titanate, and the high capacity anode material is pre-lithiated silicon, germanium, tin and/or tin oxide; and is pre-lithiated to a specific capacity of no less than 500 (preferably 3000) mAh/g based on its weight. The lithium-ion cells (I)-(III) further comprise an anode current collector and/or cathode current collector that is a porous, electrically conductive material selected from metal foam, metal web or screen, perforated metal sheet, metal fiber mat, metal nanowire mat, porous conductive polymer film, conductive polymer nano-fiber mat or paper, conductive polymer foam, carbon foam, carbon aerogel, carbon xerox gel, graphene foam, graphene oxide foam, reduced graphene oxide foam, carbon fiber paper, graphene paper, graphene oxide paper, reduced graphene oxide paper, carbon nano-fiber paper and/or carbon nanotube paper. The lithium-ion cell (III) further comprises the lithium source. The electrolyte is organic liquid electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, gel electrolyte, polymer electrolyte or solid electrolyte containing a first amount of lithium ions when the cell is made. The anode and/or cathode contains less than 1 wt.% oxygen.