NOVELTY - A composition (C1) comprises: at least one water-soluble 5C monosaccharide hydrolysate; and less than 1950 part per million (ppm) in total by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of elements, where the elements are aluminum, arsenic, boron, barium, beryllium, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, lead, sulfur, antimony, selenium, silicon, tin, strontium, titanium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc.    USE - For the production of fuels (such as gasoline, jet fuel and butanol), chemicals (such as acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone, acrylic acid, adipic acid, benzene, ethanol, ethylene, ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, methanol, polypropylene, terephthalic acid, toluene, xylene, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, acontic acid, glutamic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and formic acid), pharmaceuticals and foods (such as acetoin, alanine, arabitol, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, coumaric acid, fumaric acid, glycerol, glycine, kojic acid, lactic acid, lysine, malonic acid, proline, propionic acid, serine, sorbitol, succinic acid, threonine, xylitol and sugar acids (glucaric acid, gluconic acid, xylonic acids)), and industrial intermediates (acetaldehyde, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid, furfural, glutaric acid, itaconic acid and levulinic acid).    ADVANTAGE - The composition comprises low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a composition (C2) comprising at least one water-soluble 5C monosaccharide hydrolysate; less than 5 ppm by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of aluminum; less than 300 ppm by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of calcium; less than 10 mg, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of iron; and less than 1000 ppm by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of sulfur;    (2) a composition (C3) comprising at least one water-soluble 5C monosaccharide hydrolysate; and less than 5 ppm by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of aluminum;    (3) a composition (C4) comprising at least one water-soluble 5C monosaccharide hydrolysate; less than 300 ppm by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of calcium; and less than 1950 ppm in total by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of elements, where the elements are Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, and Zn;    (4) a composition (C5) comprising at least one water-soluble 5C monosaccharide hydrolysate; less than 10 ppm by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of iron; and less than 1950 ppm in total by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of elements; and    (5) a composition (C6) comprising at least one water-soluble 5C monosaccharide hydrolysate; and less than 1000 ppm by weight, based on total weight of water-soluble 5C saccharide hydrolysate in the composition, of sulfur.