TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The step (d) includes treating the metal oxide electrode with a photoactive moiety, where exposure to light initiates a photo-excited state in the photoactive moiety from which a photo-reactive process occurs. The photo-reactive process comprises electron injection, electron transfer, multi-electron transfer, energy-transfer, oxidation, reduction, free radical generation, complex formation, complex dissociation, ligand exchange, conformational change, isomerization, generation of subsequent excited states and/or modes of deactivation for an excited-state of a photoactive moiety. The step (c) includes: (c1) inducing surface defects in the metal oxide electrode in the form of oxygen vacancies in response to the UV light; (c2) atmospheric water competing favorably with oxygen for dissociative adsorption on the metal oxide electrode surface in response to the humidity; and (c3) inducing hydroxylation of the metal oxide electrode surface. The step (e) includes binding the group of the photoactive moiety to a hydroxy group of the metal oxide electrode. The step (c1) includes generating a larger population of oxygen vacancies relative to a control sample that is not exposed to the UV light source and humid environment. The step (a) comprises providing the metal oxide electrode: with a morphology comprising amorphous, crystalline or representative of both amorphous and crystalline; with an architecture comprising planar, particles, nanoparticles, wires, nanowires, tubes, nanotubes, cones, nanocones, rods, nanorods, pillars, nanopillars, mesoporous and/or geometric shapes in two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrays; and blended with a conducting species comprising elemental carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes and/or fullerenes. The step (d) includes treating the metal oxide electrode with a photoactive moiety combined with a separate non-photoactive material, where the method further comprises subsequent to binding the photoactive moiety to the metal oxide electrode, exposing the photoactive moiety to light, where in response to absorbing the light, the photoactive moiety performs a function in the presence of the non-photoactive material. The method further comprises: generating a chemical interaction between the metal oxide electrode surface and the photoactive moiety in response to the hydroxy group binding; subsequent to binding the photoactive moiety to the metal oxide electrode, exposing the photoactive moiety to light, and initiating a photo-excited state in the photoactive moiety in response to absorbing the light; and subsequent to binding the photoactive moiety to the metal oxide electrode, exposing the photoactive moiety to light in an environment including a chemical entity in close proximity to the photoactive moiety, where close proximity is defined as a distance at which a photoactive can interact with the chemical entity, and in response to absorbing the light, the photoactive moiety transforms the chemical entity. The step (d) includes simultaneously or sequentially treating the metal oxide electrode with many moieties. In the method: the environment is supplied with a humidity level of at least 30%; and the metal oxide electrode is exposed to the UV light source having a wavelength of 350-385 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide electrode comprises metal or mixed-metal oxides of titanium, silicon, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, aluminum, gallium, indium, germanium, tin, lead, antimony or bismuth. The photoactive moiety: comprises organic, inorganic and/or metallic including monomers, oligomers, polymers, macromolecular complexes, quantum dots or inorganic/metallic nanoparticles; and is a photochromatic material. The moiety comprises an electrically conductive moiety that is photoactive, an electrically conductive moiety that is not photoactive, a thermally conductive moiety that is photoactive, a thermally conductive moiety that is not photoactive, or a moiety that is not photoactive, electrically conductive and thermally conductive. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.