TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The dispersion paste of carbon nanotubes is post-annealed in nitrogen atmosphere, argon atmosphere, ambient environment or vacuum atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (s1) and solvent (s2) are chosen from water, alcohol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, pyridine and tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Process: A dispersing agent chosen from sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and/or Triton X-100 (RTM: polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenol ether) is added to dispersion paste of carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersion paste of carbon nanotubes contains binder chosen from ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene, polystyrene, epoxy resin and/or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tape is made of polyolefin and olefin copolymer, styrene-based elastomer, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol butyral, ionomer, polysiloxane, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, or epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer of silicon dioxide anti-reflective film has 2 or 3 layers. Preferred Process: The glass substrate is cleaned using ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, deionized water in volume ratio of 1:(1-4):(3-8) or using mixed solution of hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide and deionized water in volume ratio of 1:(1-3):(4-10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol-200, polyethylene glycol-400, polyethylene glycol-600, polyethylene glycol-1000 or polyethylene glycol-2000. The addition amount of polyethylene glycol is 2.5-30 g/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The silicon powder has size of 500-5000 meshes. The bottom layer raw material has a thickness of 0.1-5 mm, and comprises additive powder such as silica sol or mixture of silicic acid and silicon dioxide. The additive powder has particle size of 1000-20000 meshes and purity of more than 99.999%. The mono-crystalline silicon piece has size of 6, 8 inches or 12 inches and a thickness of 5-30 mm. The ingot furnace is heated at vacuum degree of 10-1 to 105 Pa. Preferred Method: The method further comprises heating the monocrystalline silicon piece at 1380-1415 degrees C to change the thickness of the monocrystalline silicon piece to 10% from the total thickness of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bonding layer includes acryl based adhesive or urethane based adhesive. The hardcoating layer includes urethane acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, photoinitiator, slip lubricant and dilution agent. The adhesion layer comprises acrylic acid (1-7 pts. wt.);    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The oxidation prevention layer includes polyurethane, acryl melamine, nitrocellulose copolymer and polyester. The primer layer includes polyester, acrylonitrile melamine copolymer, and urethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon powder is carbon black, graphite, active carbon or graphene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic semiconductor material is prepared by mixing phenyl-bis-(4-vinyl-phenyl)-amine compound of formula (II) and 4,7-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzotriazole compound of formula (III) in a mol ratio of 1:1 under oxygen-free environment and performing Heck coupling reaction at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours to obtain finished product. The obtained organic semiconductor material is purified by adding methanol with organic semiconductor material precipitate followed by filtering and screening using methanol and normal hexane and extracting with trichloromethane solvent for 24 hours to obtain purified organic semiconductor material. The 4,7-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzotriazole is prepared by dissolving 4-Cyclopenta-1,3-dienyl-7-thiophen-2-yl-2H-benzotriazole compound of formula (IV) in mixed solvent of trichloromethane and glacial acetic acid, adding N-bromosuccinimide and reacting for 12 hours at room temperature to obtain compound 4,7-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzotriazole. The obtained product is purified by reacting and extracting resultant product with methylene dichloride, washing by water and removing the solvent through rotary steaming using anhydrous magnesium sulfate to obtain purified 4,7-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzotriazole.. Preferred Components: The catalyst is 5-10 mass% inosine. The tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride, palladium acetate and tri (methyl) palladium acetate or tri(methyl) phenyl phosphine. The organic solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran or N, Ndimethyl formamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves purifying the obtained photoelectric material, by adding methanol dropwise, filtering and washed the filtrate with methanol and hexane extraction for 24 hours followed by extraction with chloroform as a solvent treatment to obtain the purified material. The compound (III) is obtained by dissolving 4,7-di-thiophen-2-yl-2H-benzotriazole compound of formula (IV), and 2-alkyl-4,7-bithiophene 2,3-benzo-triazole in a mixed solution of chloroform and glacial acetic acid, followed by addition of N-bromosuccinimide at room temperature after 12 hours the to prepare the compound (III), and further involves extracting the compound (III) with dichloromethane, washing with water, drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, removing solvent by rotary evaporation to obtain the purified compound (III). Preferred Components: The catalyst is tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, bis triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, 0.5-10% palladium acetate and tri (o-methylphenyl)-phenyl phosphine mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethyl-carboxamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by performing catalytic Heck coupling reaction of carbazole derivative of formula (II) and compound (III) at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours in an organic solvent with oxygen-free environment, where compound (II) to compound (III) mol ratio is 1:1. Compound (III) is prepared by dissolving benzotriazole-thiophene derivative of formula (IV) in chloroform and glacial acetic acid mixture, adding N-bromosuccinimide and reacting at room temperature for 12 hours. Preferred Process: The preparation of compound (I) further comprises adding methanol, precipitating, filtering, washing filtrate with methanol, extracting with n-hexane for 24 hours and extracting with trichloromethane. The preparation of compound (III) further comprises extracting with methylene dichloride, washing with water, drying using anhydrous magnesium sulfate and removing solvent by rotary evaporation. The tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium and palladium acetate adding amount is 0.5-10 mol% of compound (II) and the trimethylphenyl phosphonate adding amount is 4-10 times the amount of palladium acetate. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide. The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, palladium acetate and/or trimethylphenyl phosphonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation(Claimed): Preparation of the 4-(5-(4-methyl-benzo(1,2-b,4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-7-thiophen-2-yl-2H-benzotriazole compound (I) involves reacting 2,6-Bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene compound of formula (II) and 4,7-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzotriazole compound of formula (III) at a molar ratio of 1:1 with organic solvent containing catalyst in absence of oxygen at 90-120 degrees C under stille coupling reaction 6-48 hours to obtain the compound (I). Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, tetrahydrofuran or N, N- methyl amide. The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and/or tri-tert-butylphosphine mixture. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of the catalyst and compound (II) is 1:120-1:80, preferably 1:100-1:20. The molar ratio of the tri-tert-butylphosphine mixture and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium is 4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is potassium carbonate aqueous solution, potassium bicarbonate aqueous solution, sodium carbonate aqueous solution or sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from benzene, chlorobenzene and toluene. The catalyst is organic palladium compound (A) or a mixture of organic palladium compound (B) and organic phosphorus compound (C). The organic palladium compound (A) is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride. The organic palladium compound (B) is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine compound is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. The usage amount of catalyst is 0.05-50 mol%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A bromo group-containing compound of formula (II) and a dioxoborolane compound of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1 are added into an organic solvent containing a catalyst and an alkali solution, and Suzuki-coupling reaction is carried out at 90-110 degrees C for 48-96 hours, under oxygen-free environment, to obtain N,N'-disubstituted isoindigo-fluorene copolymer (I).
Preferred Definitions:    R2 = (4-octoxycyclohexyl), (3-octoxycyclohexyl) or (2-octyl-3-thienyl).
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, i.e. compounds (Ia)-(Ie).
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 6 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. formulae (Ia)-(Ie).
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 6 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. compounds (Ia)-(Ie).
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, i.e. formulae (Ia)-(Id).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pre-mixing step is carried out at 20 degrees C. The polyether has a viscosity of 300-550 MPa-s and a functionality of 3-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The lead-graphene composite material is prepared by taking pure lead plate as an anode, with a load of lead graphene as the cathode in the electrochemical deposition of graphene particles of lead, performing lead acid plating bath i.e. fluorine, fluorine acid bath, bath and triethanolamine sodium tartrate in bath, where the current density is 0.1-4 A/dm2, washing the deposition of particulate lead graphene film with water, at 40-80 degrees C under vacuum to dry, the surface of the film scraped from the lead plate, to be comminuted to obtain the lead graphene composite materials. Preferred Components: The hydrogen inhibitor comprises lead, titanium, zinc, barium, antimony, cadmium, silver, mercury, bismuth, cerium hydroxide and sulfates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additives include polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly-alkyl or poly(3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron source is ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and/or ferric sulfate. The lithium source is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and/or lithium dihydrogen phosphate. The phosphorus source is diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate and/or phosphoric acid. The carbon source is cane sugar, soluble starch, glucose, fructose, citric acid, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and/or phenolic resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal-doped compound is magnesium nitrate, cobalt nitrate or aluminum nitrate, europium nitrate, yttrium nitrate, cerium nitrate and/or rare earth elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode layer is made of silver, gold or platinum. The n-type doped layer contains electron-injecting material doped with electron-transport material. The electron-injecting material contains lithium fluoride, lithium carbonate, cesium carbonate, cesium or cesium azide. The anode substrate is indium-tin oxide glass, indium-doped zinc oxide glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide glass or aluminum-doped zinc oxide glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary active layer and secondary active layer contain mixture of poly-3-hexylthiophene, methyl(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyrate and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene). The mass ratio of poly-3-hexylthiophene and methyl(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyrate is 1:1-1:0.8. The mass ratio of poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) and methyl(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyrate and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) and methyl(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyrate is 1:4-1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary hole buffer layer and secondary hole buffer layer contain mixture of polystyrene sulfonate and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclopentadiene derivative is chosen from methyl cyclopentadiene and ethyl cyclopentadiene. The content of cyclopentadiene compound is 0.05-5 wt.% with respect to total content of the nonaqueous electrolyte. The content of additive is 0.1-10 wt.% with respect to total content of non-aqueous electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cyclopentadiene polymer is chosen from cyclopentadiene dimer, cyclopentadiene trimer and cyclopentadiene tetramer, preferably cyclopentadiene dimer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The counter electrode has resistance value of 1x 10-5 Omega /cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer plastic substrate is polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film, and has thickness of 150-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The bivalent compound (I) is chosen from 10 claimed compounds e.g. compound of formulae (A)-(E). The ionic liquid further includes ionic compound of formula: A3B3 (II). The ionic liquid has viscosity of 30-360 cP, glass transition temperature of -80 degrees C to 0 degrees C and melting temperature of -50 degrees C to 100 degrees C. The amount of ionic liquid is 1-90 wt.% with respect to total amount of polymer electrolyte.A3=A1, preferably 18 claimed groups e.g. group of formula (1)-(5);andB3=halide anion, anion derived from lithium salt or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gel polymer electrolyte has ion conductivity of 0.0005-0.01 S.cm-1 and interface resistance of 10-200 Omega . Preferred Definitions:    A1,A2=16 claimed groups e.g. asterisk-N+(-CH3)(-CH3)-CH3, asterisk-N+-CH2(-CH3)(-CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3, asterisk-N+(-CH3)(-CH3)-CH2(-CH3), asterisk-N+(-CH3)(-CH3)-CH2-CH2(-CH3) or group of formula (i);and    B1,B2=12 claimed groups e.g. ClO4-, F-, Cl-, Br- or I-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfate is potassium sulfate and/or iron sulfate. The silicate is magnesium silicate and/or potassium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric stabilizing agent is PTFE and/or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Amine compound is aliphatic amine compound e.g. N,N-diethylethanolamine, triethylamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, and/or N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,6-diaminohexane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Water vapor barrier layer contains 0.15-15 mass parts amine compound with respect to 100 mass parts polysilazane. Protective layer contains 0.1-10 mass parts amine compound with respect to 100 mass parts polysiloxane. Preferred Parameters: Water vapor barrier layer has film thickness of 50 nm to 1 mu m, and protective layer has film thickness of 50 nm to 10 mu m. Accumulated light quantity of vacuum-UV light irradiated during water vapor barrier layer formation is 1000-10000 mJ/cm2, and accumulated light quantity of vacuum-UV light irradiated during protective layer formation is 100-10000 mJ/cm2. Base material has linear expansion coefficient of less than or equal to 50 ppm/ degrees C and total light transmittance of greater than or equal to 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The polymer emulsion particles (B) is polymer emulsion particles obtained by polymerizing hydrolyzable silicon compound (b1) and vinyl monomer (b2) having secondary and/or tertiary amide group in presence of water and emulsifier. Preferred Composition: The coating composition further contains hydrolyzable silicon compound (C). The average particle diameter of the spherical metal oxide (a1) is 1-100 nm. The average length of the chain-shaped metal oxide (a2) is 20-250 nm. The weight ratio of the spherical metal oxide (a1) and chain-shaped metal oxide (a2) is 1:1-1:40. The weight ratio of the metal oxide (A) and polymer emulsion particles (B) is 1:0.05-1:1. The weight ratio of metal oxide (A) and hydrolyzable silicon compound (C) is 1:0.05-1:0.5. The chain-shaped metal oxide (a2) is bonded with the surface of polymer particles (B') through direct and/or spherical metal oxide (a1). The antireflective film contains hydrolysis-condensation product (C') of hydrolyzable silicon compound (C), has surface water contact angle of 40 degrees degrees or less and surface-resistance value of less than 1x 1014 Omega , measured by applying voltage of 200 V after maintaining the film at 20 plus minus 2 degrees C for 16 hour or more under relative humidity of 50 plus minus 5% in air-conditioned room. The hydrolysis-condensation product (C') of the hydrolyzable silicon compound (C) couples with the surface of polymer particle (B') having hydrogen bondable functional group chosen from amide group, ether group, hydroxyl group, thiol group and carbonyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises 0.5-1.5 wt.% of a linear low density polyethylene. The composition comprises less than or equal to 2 wt.% of polyolefin, less than or equal to 2 wt.% of unhydrogenated block copolymers, less than or equal to 2 wt.% of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid anhydrides, less than or equal to 1 wt.% of reinforcing fillers, and less than or equal to 1 wt.% of electrically conductive fillers. Preferred Components: The polytetrafluoroethylene comprises a polytetrafluoroethylene grafted and/or coated with poly(styrene-acrylonitrile). The hydrogenated block copolymer comprises a polystyrene-poly(ethylene-butylene)-polystyrene triblock copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 200000 atomic mass units. The styrenic polymer consists of homopolystyrene. EXAMPLE - A composition comprising 4.59 wt.% of hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane residues, 15.39 wt.% of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units, 0.556 wt.% of 2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)phenyl groups, 0.231 wt.% of 2,6-dimethylphenoxy groups, 0.334 wt.% of terminal 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(di-n-butylaminomethyl)phenyl groups, 0.107 wt.% of 2-methyl-6-(n-butylaminomethyl)-1,4-phenylene ether groups, 22.3 mol.% of diblock plus triblock poly(phenylene ether)-polysiloxane block copolymers, 42.7 mol.% of 2,6-dimethylphenol/2,3,6-trimethylphenol copolymer having a hydroxy group on each end, and 35.1 mol.% of 2,6-dimethylphenol/2,3,6-trimethylphenol copolymer having a hydroxy group on one end was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The translucent conductive layer comprises fluorine doped tin oxide, indium-tin oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide or niobium doped titanium oxide. The porous semiconductor layer comprises titanium dioxide, tungsten oxide, zinc oxide, niobium (III) oxide, tantalum pentoxide or ferroelectric strontium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst layer used for second electrode consists of platinum, palladium, rhodium, carbon or polythiophene. The electric charge transport layer comprises iodide, cobalt complex, iron complex, copper iodide, copper thiocyanate and organic hole transport material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive agent is selected from acryl type adhesive agent, rubber-type adhesive agent, silicone type adhesive agent and urethane type adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic shell is made of polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer (D) contains polymer (M). The average molecular weight of contact bonding layer (B) is 5000-50000. The glass transition temperature of polyol (E) is -85 degrees C to -35 degrees C. The average of isocyanate groups in a molecule of polyisocyanate (F) is 2.5-7.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat transfer medium is composed of molten solar salt or molecular silicone based fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The top layer is made of a material selected from a group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride, fluorinated ethylene propylene and ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sealing portion is made of bismuth, polyimide resin, silver and vanadium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid is chosen from alicyclic amine ionic liquid, aliphatic amine ionic liquid, amidine-type ionic liquid, imidazolium-type ionic liquid, pyridium-type ionic liquid, and phosphine system ionic liquid. The luminescent dye is rhodamine-type dye. Preferred Property: The luminescent dye has luminescence peak wavelength of 400-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermoplastic resin (A) is (meth)acrylic-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The bonded structure has a substrate (12) made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate and/or cycloolefin polymer and substrate (22) made of polyimide resin and polyethylene terephthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The radically-polymerizable compound contains vinyl compound which has a phosphoric acid group, and other compound. Preferred Property: The complex has melting point of 60-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is phenoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyester-urethane resin, butyral resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin and copolymer which has vinyl acetate as structural unit. The adhesive composition further contains electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The primary circuit component is photovoltaic cell, and secondary circuit component is wiring component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive composition further contains electroconductive particles. The boron-containing salt is of formula: (R2-B-(-R1)(-R3)-R4).R6-P(-R5)(-R7)-R8 (II) or formula (III).R6-R8=R1;R9-R113=H, halo, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy;andR12+R13=ring.Preferred Property: The melting point of the boron-containing salt is 60-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The radical-polymerizable compound contains vinyl compound having phosphoric acid group, and radical-polymerizable compound other than the vinyl compound. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from phenoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyester resin, butyral resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, and copolymer having vinyl acetate as a structural unit. At least one of primary substrate and secondary substrate contains thermoplastic resin having glass transition temperature of 200 degrees C or less. The primary substrate contains polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate or cyclo olefin polymer. The secondary substrate contains polyimide resin or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive material is selected from ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, Surlyn (RTM: A special ionomer copolymer), thermosetting material or thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fullerene derivative (I) is preferably of formula (V) or (VI).R1a=perfluoroalkyl;R2a=R1a or alkyl;R3a=alkyl;R4a=H;n1=0-2;R1b=perfluoro polyether;Lb=linker;R2b=optionally substituted aryl;andnb=1-20. Preferred Definitions:    L5a=-(CH2)n2- or -CH2-O-(CH2)n2-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt having the borate structure comprises lithium bisoxalatoborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonyl amide, lithium perchlorate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium nitride compound (LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2)), where x and y are natural numbers, lithium chloride, and/or lithium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acetate-based compound comprises methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, dimethylacetate, methylpropionate and/or ethylpropionate. The cyclic carbonate-based compound comprises ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate derivatives, or propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silica-type material comprises an azole compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Supporting density of catalyst particles is 30-70%. Preferred Components: Oxidizing solutions are sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphorous acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, chloric acid, hypochlorous acid, and/or chromic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Carbon powder carrier is bonded with 0.7-3 mmol/g hydrophilic group on the basis of carrier weight. Hydrophilic group is hydroxyl group, lactone group, and/or carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fourth electrode is made of lithiated cobalt oxide, manganese dioxide and copper. The second electrode is made of the platinum, fluorine doped tin oxide and tin oxide. The thin battery integrated solar cell is selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, the niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide, strontium titanium oxide and semiconductor oxide. The dye is selected from chelate metal complex, inorganic pigment and organic dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The third electrode is made of lithium, aluminum, aluminum alloy and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Nano array layer is chromium or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Nanosphere mask plate is polystyrene nanosphere with diameter of 460-800 nm. Metal substrate is copper foil and adhesive layer is poly(methyl methacrylate) layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Monomer of formula: L1-D1-A1-D2-L2 is reacted with other monomer containing palladium catalyst and direct CH arylation is carried out to obtain copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The copolymer (I) is preferably of formula (II).R1',R1''=1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, amino, H or phenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of manganese acetate in polyvinylpyrrolidone is 0.01-0.5 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing materials are made of ethylene vinylacetate copolymer resin (EVA), polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate partial oxide, silicon resin, ester resin or olefin-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is chosen from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, strontium-titanium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide. The porous metal oxide electrode layer comprises titanium oxide. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of metal oxide nanoparticles is 1-30 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate is chosen from polyethylene terephalate, polyethylene naphthalate, poly carbonate, polypropylene, polyimide and tri acetyl cellulose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of ionic polymer film is 1-50 nm. Preferred Components: The ionic polymer film is cationic polymer and/or anionic polymer. The cationic polymer is chosen from poly-allyamine hydrochloride, polypyrrole, polyacrylamide, poly-N-n-butyl pyridinium, poly-L-arginine and poly-L-lysine. The anionic polymer is chosen from poly(sodium-4-styrene)sulfonate, polyanilinesulfate, poly-4-styrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid salt and acrylic acid/vinyl alcohol copolymer. The metal oxide nanoparticles are reacted with self-assembly and ionic polymer film is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises forming the wet polymer electrolyte composition into a film. Preferred Components: The composition has a pH of 4-9. The electrolyte salt is a lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic polymer comprises a polyether, where the polyether comprises polyethylene oxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The supporting frame is made of acid-resistant polymer material comprising polypropylene, polyethylene or PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting furfural with brominating agent in the presence of polar organic solvent, heating the mixture and recrystallizing the crude product. Preferred Components: The polar organic solvent is N,N-methyl formamide, N,N-methylamide or bi-methyl sulfoxide. The brominating agent is N-bromosuccinimide or bromine. Preferred Method: The heating reaction is carried out at 50-120 degrees C for 4-60 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive powder contains metal chosen from silver, copper, nickel, aluminum, gold and/or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The secondary curable resin component is crosslinked and reacted at temperature more than the crosslinking temperature of primary curable resin component, during heat-hardening. The primary curable resin component contains an epoxy resin and its hardening agent. The secondary curable resin component contains thermoplastic polymer having crosslinkable functional group, and block isocyanate dissociating block isocyanate at temperature more than crosslinking temperature of primary curable resin component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bridging molecules are phosphonic acid, phosphoric acid, trimetaphosphoric, tetraphosphorus decaoxide, hypodiphosphonic acid, diphosphonic acid, hypodiphosphoric, diphosphoric(II,IV)-acid, diphosphoric(III,V)-acid, peroxodiphosphoric acid, bis-phosphonic acid (e.g. 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid or methylenediphosphonic acid), dimerized injection groups e.g. oxalic acid, or molecule core structure, which is small, and functionalized on both or more sides with injection groups, such as malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, ethane tetracarboxylic acid, ethene tetracarboxylic acid, benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (bisanhydride), naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid (bisanhydride), perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid (bisanhydride), triptycene (whose C atom in 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 15 position is functionalized with injection groups) or another bridging molecules. The injection groups are carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, trimetaphosphoric acid, tetraphosphorus decaoxide, sulfonic acid, hydroxy group or acid anhydride group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The cross-linking of the nanoparticles takes place by adding dissolved bridging molecule or its mixture into the interparticulate pores and subsequently removing the solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The intersecting or perforated element is made from material including aluminum, aluminum alloy, steel, carbon fiber re-enforced polymer (CFRP), or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface of the back side is in-alloyed with solderable or metallic wettable material comprising tin, lead, indium, gallium, cadmium, iron, silver, gold, titanium, hafnium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, barium or a mixture of mixture of material group. The adhesive agent is filler comprising silver, copper, nickel, aluminum, gold, graphite, zinc, tin or palladium. The adhesive agent is electrically connected to connecter using belotetem copper, galvanized copper or aluminum or belotetem aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The region containing adhesive agent contains functional silane chosen from ethoxy silane and methoxy silane having amino or epoxy group functional groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The material for adhesive agent is chosen from epoxy resin, phenol resin, phenoxy resin, polyurethane, silicone and ultraviolet-cured acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The inorganic reaction system comprises 40-90 wt.% of lead containing composition, and 10-40 wt.% of elemental tellurium. Preferred Composition: The lead containing composition (C1) is a glass frit, preferably with an amorphous or partially crystalline structure. The lead containing composition (C1) comprises 10-90 wt.% (preferably 45-75 wt.%) of lead oxide. Preferred Components: The metallic particles are at least one of silver, gold, copper, and nickel (preferably silver). The electroconductive paste comprises 75-95 wt.% of metallic particles. The silicon wafer comprises an antireflective coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic vehicle comprises 1-10 wt.% of binder, 1-10 wt.% of surfactant, 50-70% wt.% of an organic solvent, and 0.1-5 wt.% of thixatropic agent. The surfactant comprises at least one of polyethyleneoxide, polyethyleneglycol, benzotriazole, poly(ethyleneglycol)acetic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearate salts, and/or palmitate salts. The solvent comprises at least one of carbitol, terpineol, hexyl carbitol, texanol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, or dimethyladipate or glycol ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder comprises at least one of ethylcellulose or phenolic resin, acrylic, polyvinyl butyral or polyester resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene or polyurethane resins, or rosin derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer substrate comprises thermoplastic polymer that is selected from a group comprising of polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrenes, polyolefins and polyesters.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer which has siloxane bond is siloxane modified polycarbonate. The heat fusion layer further contains polycarbonate which does not have siloxane bond. The content of polycarbonate which does not has siloxane bond with respect to siloxane modified polycarbonate is 10-1000 %mass. The pigment is distribute-contained in the heat fusion layer. The other surface side of the base material layer is further equipped with hydrolysis-proof layer. The other surface side of the base material layer is further equipped with gas barrier layer (12). Preferred Property: The tensile velocity of heat fusion layer at 180 degrees in peeling strength of 300 mm/minute with respect to the glass plate in the environment of 23 degrees C and 50% RH is 20-200 N/10mm. Preferred Process: The protective film is adhered on a back surface side of the photovoltaic cell of a solar cell module by the heat fusion layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface-side protective film and base material layer contain ultraviolet-ray inhibitor. The surface side of the base material layer is provided with an ultraviolet-ray prevention layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The surface side protective film contains fluoro resin. The base material layer has thickness of 10-500 mu m. A heat sealing layer (5) containing polyethylene is provided in the back surface side of the base material layer. The back surface side of the heat sealing layer contains convex portions. An adhesive bond layer (6) is provided between the layers (4,5). The layer (6) contains polyurethane adhesive as adhesive agent and ultraviolet ray inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The work scaffolding is manufactured from aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic polyurethane resin is non-yellowing type polycarbonate-type polyurethane resin or adipate-based polyurethane resin of yellowing mold, and has weight ratio of 1/99-99/1. The resin layer contains additive chosen from roll mold release agent, lubricating agent, flame retardant, coloring agent, ultraviolet ray absorber, antioxidant, light-resisting agent and dispersing agent. The weight ratio of sheet is 50/50-99/1. The base material contains additive chosen from fluorine-type water repellent, fluorine-type adhesive agent and silicone type water repellent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Material: The base material is glass fiber, polyester fiber, vinylon fiber, aramid fiber, nylon fiber, urethane fiber, acrylic fiber, natural fiber and release paper or peeling film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic polymer includes principal chain of vinyl polymer obtained from (meth)acrylate monomer as main component by atom transfer radical polymerization method, and has number average molecular weight of 3000-100000 and molecular distribution of less than 1.8 measured by gel permeation chromatography. The curable composition further contains 1-25 parts weight (meth)acrylate monomer of formula: Rc-(OC(O)C(Ra)=CH2)m, and hindered phenol-type phosphorus antioxidant or hindered amine-type phosphorus antioxidant. The epoxy group-containing compound has (meth)acryloyl group in a molecule. The acrylic polymer is processed using oxidizing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Sorbitan fatty acid ester is represented by formula (1) or (2). Amount of sorbitan fatty acid ester per solar cell light-receiving part area of 1 cm2 is 2x 10-9-6x 10-5 mol.R1-R8=H or -COR9;R9=1-20C aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group or aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon group which may have alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, or halo as substituent;A1-A8=single bond or -(CH2CH2O)n-; andn=repeating unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Electric charge transport layer comprises charge transporting substance containing electroconductive high molecular compound formed by polymerizing polymeric compound. Electroconductive high molecular compound is high molecular compound which has thiophene structure. Preferred Definitions:    R9=aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon group in cis form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The number average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer compound is 10000-100000. The electrode (11) is a transparent electrode. The electrode (13) is a counter electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparing (I) comprises reacting at least one first naphthalene diimide (NDI) compound comprising at least one stannyl substituent bonded to the naphthalene moiety of the NDI compound in a coupling reaction. Preferred Components: (I) is substituted benzo(lmn)(3,8)phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone compounds of formula (II).m= 1-21.The first NDI compound comprises one or two stannyl substituent. The first NDI compound is stannyl containing substituted benzo(lmn)(3,8)phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone compounds of (III). The oligomer or polymer is a polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 5000 Da.X=H or stannyl substituent ((R2) 3Sn); andR2=alkyl or aryl moiety.Preferred Method: The method comprises reacting first NDI compound with at least one halogenated compound. The reacting step produces at least one dimer or trimer as the primary reaction product. EXAMPLE - Reacting 4-bromo-2,7-dipentyl-benzo(lmn)(3,8)phenanthroline-1,3,6,8-tetraone with N,N'-di(n-hexyl)-2,6-bis(tri(n-butyl)stannyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide) in presence of 5 mol% of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and 10 mol% of copper iodide in hot toluene over 15 hours to yield 2,2',7,7'-tetrapentyl-9-(1,3,6,8-tetraoxo-2,7-dipentyl-1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydrobenzo(lmn)(3,8)phenanthrolin-4-yl)-4,4'-bibenzo(lmn)(3,8)phenanthrolin-1,1',3,3',6,6',8,8'(2H,2'H,7H,7'H)-octaon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal silver powder is nano-silver powder prepared by physical vapor deposition method. The booster pump is a horizontal centrifugal pump, a centrifugal pump, a vertical vertical multi-grade centrifuging pump or screw pump.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is ammonium polyacrylate, sodium dodecyl sulfate or methyl anyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An inorganic adhesive is composed of 10 to 40 mass percent of boron trioxide, 20 to 50 mass percent of bismuth trioxide, 5 to 20 mass percent of silicon oxide, 10 to 20 mass percent of aluminum oxide, and 5 to 10 mass percent of zinc oxide
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The conical-shaped secondary optical prism is made of transparent glass material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positive and negative electrode lines are made of copper and silver material. The ceramic base is made of metal, aluminum or copper material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive carbon material is graphite, carbon nano-tube, vapor-phase grown carbon fiber, graphite, expanded graphite and acetylene black. The carbon precursor is polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, citric acid, sucrose and glucose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidizing agent is ferric tosylate, iodine, bromine, and hydrogen peroxide. The base is imidazole, trialkyl amines, mono and di alkyl imidazoles or pyridine. The solvent is an organic solvent. The substrate is made of glass, graphite, mica, polymeric sheets or metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode active material is lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nitrogen cobalt, lithium manganese oxide or lithium iron phosphate, and the negative electrode active material is graphite or lithium titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The isotropic focal length to diameter ratio of material is 0.8-1.2. The electrode material has volatile material content of more than 10%. The primary shell has aggreage particles having size of 300 nm to 3 mu m, and surface area of ??8-60 m2/g. The binder is resin or asphalt type adhesive. The core-shell structure has inner layer having specific surface area of 3-8 m2/g, intermediate layer having specific surface area of 8-60 m2/g, and outer layer having specific surface area of 0.8-3.5 m2/g. The composite cathode material has capacity of 350-380 mAh/g, granularity of 3-55 mu m, tap density of 1.1-1.3 g/ml, specific surface area of 0.8-3.5 m2/g and density of 1.7-2.3 g/cm3. Solvent used for manufacturing cathode material is chosen from water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol, acetone, toluene, xylene or their mixed solvent. The protective inert gas used during high temperature process is nitrogen, argon gas, helium gas, neon gas, and their mixed gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead-acid battery positive paste preferably contains 73 wt.% lead powder, 4 wt.% alumina, 0.08 wt.% conductive fiber, 6 wt.% vitriol, 0.5 wt.% antimonous oxide, 0.008 wt.% silica, 0.008 wt.% magnesium sulfate and 0.008 wt.% potassium sulfate, and remainder of deionized water. The concentration of sulfuric acid is 45 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conductive fiber is polyacetylene fiber, polypyrrole fiber or polythiophene fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises diluent and curing agent. The diluent is butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl ether, cresyl glycidyl ether p-t-butylphenyl, alkyl phenyl glycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, bis(2,3-epoxycyclopentyl)ether, 2-epoxy propyl phenyl glycidyl ether, 2,6-diepoxy propylene phenyl glycidyl ether or allyl glycidyl ether. The curing agent is fatty amine, alicyclic amine, aromatic amine or polyamide, preferably diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, polypropylene ether diamine, N-amine ethyl piperazine, isophorone diamine, 4,4'-diamino dicyclohexyl methane, dicyclohexyl methane, and/or m-phenyldimethylamine. The ratio of diluent in the main agent is 2-50. The molar ratio of active hydrogen composed by curing agent and epoxy resin mixture is 1:1.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A-type epoxy resin, bisphenol F-type epoxy resin, multifunctional epoxy resin, epoxy phenolic aldehyde epoxy resin, brominated epoxy resin or phenolic aldehyde-type epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silver powder is mixture of spherical silver powder and sheet-shaped silver powder. The spherical silver powder is coated with a surface treating agent. The inorganic bonding agent contains 3-10 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 15-25 pts. wt. boron trioxide, 2-7 pts. wt. aluminum oxide, 20-40 pts. wt. bismuth oxide, 0-50 pts. wt. lead oxide, 3-5 pts. wt. phosphorus pentaoxide, 5-15 pts. wt. zinc oxide and 1-3 pts. wt. zirconium oxide. Preferred Properties: The spherical silver powder has purity of more than 99.9%, an average particle size of 0.5-4 mu m, a tap density of 3.5-6.5 g/cm3 and ablation rate of 0.3-0.9%. The sheet-shaped silver powder has a purity of more than 99.9% an average particle size of 3-6 mu m and a tap density of 3-4.5 g/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic bonding agent contains 4-8 pts. wt. ethyl cellulose, 1-3 pts. wt. phenolic resin, 2-10 pts. wt. benzyl alcohol, 25-40 pts. wt. terpineol, 10-35 pts. wt. butyl carbitol and 15-35 pts. wt. butyl carbitol acetate. The additive is dispersing agent, flatting agent, wetting agent and/or adhesion promoting agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carrier is chosen from clay, kaolin and diatomite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thiazole phosphate-coated controlled release granules comprises 10-40 wt.% fosthiazate, 30-60 wt.% carrier, 17-20 wt.% coating material, 6-10 wt.% film-forming agent and 4-5 wt.% organic solvent. The coating material is chosen from urea-formaldehyde resin and cellulose. The film-forming agent is chosen from paraffin, sulfonated paraffin and petroleum resin. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer is peat, furfural residue, bean residue, and/or livestock excrement. The high water-absorbent resin powder comprises graft copolymer of gelatinized starch material and sodium acrylate in a weight ratio of 20:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thickening agent is sodium sulfate. The colloidal electrolyte comprises 30-50 wt.% sulfuric acid, 0.05-2 wt.% sodium sulfate, 5-15 wt.% nano-silicon dioxide, 0.1-0.5 wt.% polyacrylamide and remainder of deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The flocculating agent is polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor material is 60-70C organic electronic receptor. The solvent is o-dichlorobenzene. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds are specifically claimed, i.e. poly-(4,8-di-isooctyl oxy-benzene-(1,2-b;3,4-b)-5,6-dioctyl-4,7-di-thiophene-yl benzothiadiazole) (Ia); poly-(4,8-di-iso-octyl oxybenzene-(1,2-b;3,4-b)-furan-N-octyl-4,7-thiophene benzotriazole); or poly-(4,8-di-iso-octyl oxybenzene-(1,2-b;3,4-b)-furan-5,6-dioctyl-4,7-di-thiophene-yl-carboxamide).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is chosen from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer is chosen from vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutyl ethylene, perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether), and perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, or their copolymer. The content of the fluoropolymer is 0.5-50 wt.%. The substrate is metal film or polymer film. The polymer film is chosen from polyester film, acrylic film, polyolefin film, polyamide film, polyurethane film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film and polybutylene terephthalate film. The multilayer film further has surface treatment layer chosen from plasma layer, corona layer, primer layer, coupling agent treatment layer, anchor layer and thermal processing layer, and inorganic oxide layer. Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer is 50000 to 100 million. The melting point of the fluoropolymer is 80-175 degrees C. The thickness of the substrate and resin layer is 50-500 mu m and 3-50 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat conductive filler is made of zirconium nitride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. The electrodes are made of a foil comprising nickel, copper, aluminum, lead, tin, silver and gold or alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The backsheet has a thickness of at least 0.25 mm and up to 0.7 mm. The backsheet does not contain any layers between layers (a1) and (a2), layers (a2) and (a3), or between layers (a1), (a2) and (a3). The layer (a2) contains no pigments. The layer (a3) contains carbon particles. The layers (a1) and (a2), or (a2) and (a3), or (a1), (a2) and (a3) are coextruded. The layers (a2) and/or (a3) contain flame retardants and/or anti-dripping agents.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: At least the layers (a2) and (a3) and preferably also layer (a1) contain a polyethene as the major component, where the polyethene is linear low density polyethene, low density polyethene, medium density polyethene and/or high density polyethene. The polymers in layers (a1), (a2) and (a3) are crosslinked.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode layer is made of lithium, zinc and/or magnesium. The current collector layer is made of nickel, the solid body ion conductor layer is made of lithium ion-conductive material, and/or the spacer disk is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chemical components are solved in a solvent selected from one of chlorides, sulfides, carbonates, metallic salts, and free-radical polymerization initiators.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chemical component in the inner space of the cell is one of phenol and dicarboxylic acid. The chemical component in the outer space of the cell is one of aldehyde, diol or triol or polyol, and diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Polyester support body is polyethylene terephthalate support body. Binder of polymer layer comprises acrylic resin which contains carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group, polyolefin resin, rubber-type resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, and/or silicone resin. Binder of polymer layer comprises greater than or equal to 50 mass% acrylic resin containing carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group with respect to binder of polymer layer. Polymer layer contains 0.5-20 mass% structure derived from compound (I) or (II). Preferred Processes: Polymer layer is formed by applying coating liquid which has compound (I) or (II) on polyester substrate. Preferred Parameters: Shrinkage percentage of polymer sheet when heat processed at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes is less than or equal to 1%. Elongation at break after processing polyester support body at 120 degrees C in atmosphere of 100% relative humidity for 48 hours is greater than or equal to 50% of length of polyester support body before processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is the tempered glass substrate. The rear plate is fluoropolymer-polyester-fluoropolymer tempered glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The silicon solar cell module further contains electrode (d) formed using conductive paste comprising tin, lead, bismuth, zinc, gallium, mercury, antimony, indium and their alloys, copper as metal powder, curing agent, buffer agent and resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anti-reflective layer is silicon nitride layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal ribbon is copper ribbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is anhydride, carboxylic acid, amide, amine and/or phenol, preferably phthalic acid, phthalate anhydride or carboxylic acid anhydride. The buffer agent is alcohol, glycol and/or polyol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is curing resin, preferably epoxy resin or phenolic resin. The encapsulation resin is ethylene vinyl acetate resin or polyvinylbutyral resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonvolatile component content of metallic compound is 5 %mass or more and less than 100 %mass. The metallic compound contains magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, strontium, barium and/or radium. The metallic compound is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium hydroxide, and/or calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dispersion medium is water, alcohol solvent, glycol monoether type solvent, and/or terpene type solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The silicon compound contains siloxane resin obtained by hydrolysis condensation of silicon compound and alkoxysilane chosen from tetrapropoxysilane and tetrabutoxysilane. The composition further contains organic binder chosen from acrylic resin and cellulosic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali or alkaline earth metal compound is magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium stearate, magnesium hydroxide and/or calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound contains silicon alkoxide, methyl silicate oligomer, and/or ethyl-silicate oligomer. The silicon alkoxide is tetramethoxysilane and/or tetraethoxysilane. The composition further contains organic binder. The dispersion medium contains water, alcohol solvent, ether type solvent, glycol monoether type solvent, and/or terpene series solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic binder is acrylic resin, butyral resin, and/or cellulosic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte includes: 0.01-15 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.% of lithium difluorophosphate, based on the total weight of the electrolyte; and 0.5-10 wt.%, preferably 0.5-3 wt.% of the sultone-based compound based on the total weight of the electrolyte. The positive electrode has an active mass density of 3.6-4 g/cm3. The electrolyte is a gel electrolyte, where the gel electrolyte comprises polymer. In the rechargeable lithium battery, the electrolyte has a viscosity of greater than or equal to 4 cp, preferably 7-16 cp at 25 degrees C, prior to polymerization.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive active material comprises a lithium cobalt oxide. The electrolyte further comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sultone-based compound is 1,3-propene sultone and/or 1,3-propane sultone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic group is a polyether group. The polyether group is a polyalkene oxide group. The polyalkene oxide group is a polyethylene oxide group of formula -(CH 2CH 2O) n-.n=1 to about 20. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Compounds i.e. mono-fulleropyrrolidium of formula (Ia) and fulleropyrrolidium ETL-1 of formula (Ib) are specifically claimed as the fullerene compound.    EXAMPLE - A solution of C 60 (300 mg), 2,3,4-tris(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)benzaldehyde (478 mg) and sarcosinic acid (111 mg) in chlorobenzene (100 ml) was refluxed under N 2 for 4 hours. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was subjected to chromatograph purification on a silica gel column. Elution with toluene gave little unchanged C 60. Fraction containing mono adduct was collected with PhMe/EtOAc (1:2) eluent. One fraction of bis-adducts consisting mixture of regioisomers was then collected with EtOAc eluent. Each sample was precipitated from toluene solution with methanol or hexane, and gave monofulleropyrrolidine (115 mg, 27%), and corresponding bisfulleropyrrolidine (90 mg, 15%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer (d) further contains polymer (f) which is formed by copolymerizing monomers (f1) other than monomer (e1), monomer (e2) and monomer (e3). The contact bonding layer (b) has adhesive composition containing polyol and polyisocyanate. The polyisocyanate has average of 2.5-7 isocyanate groups in 1 molecule. Preferred Properties: The adhesive composition has number average molecular weight of 5000-50000. The polyol has glass transition temperature of -85 degrees C to -35 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The fluororesin film is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin and the other film is ethylene vinyl acetate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The heat decrease of biaxially-oriented polyester film at 300 degrees C for 30 minutes is 0.9 %mass or less. The film bending rigidity of biaxially-oriented polyester film in thickness of 50 mu m is less than 4.39asterisk\10-5 N.m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Highly polar substituent is carbonate group, sulfone group, group which substituted hydrogen of sulfone group with other cation, amino group, and/or alkylamino group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Polymerizable functional group is methacrylic group and/or vinyl group. In branched polyglycidol, 10-20% of OH group is blocked by highly polar substituent. Preferred Parameters: Branching degree of branched polyglycidol is greater than or equal to 50%. Preferred Forms: Solid electrolyte is in film form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The epoxy equivalent of epoxy resin is 100-10000 g/equivalent. Preferred Composition: The easily adhesive agent further contains component (C) chosen from acryl-type copolymer (A1) having carbon-carbon double bond derived from (meth)acryloyl group and (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A2) which does not have (meth)acryloyl group. The (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1) is chosen from (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1-1) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a1) having glycidyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a4) which does not contain glycidyl group, hydroxyl group and carboxyl group, and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a3) having carboxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1-2) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a3) having carboxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a4) having glycidyl group, hydroxyl group and carboxyl group, and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a1) having glycidyl group, (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1-3) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a5) having isocyanate group, and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a6) which does not have hydroxyl group, and/or (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1-4) obtained by reacting maleic anhydride and acryl-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group. The content of (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A2) is 0.1-20 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. compound (C). The compound (C) has 2 or more (meth)acryloyl groups in a molecule. The sealing material (II) or (IV) contains organic peroxide, and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: Insert component is metal or ceramics. Heat generating body is electric heater, electromagnetic induction heating heater, or thermal medium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Thermoplastic polymer composition contains 5-70 mass parts of component (B), 5-70 mass parts of component (C), 0.1-300 mass parts of softener (D), and 1-100 mass parts of tackifying resin (E) with respect to 100 mass parts of component (A). Component (C) is carboxylic acid modified-polypropylene resin. Preferred Processes: Component (B) is obtained by performing acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol with average degree of polymerization of 100-4000 and degree of acetalization of 55-88 mol.%. Temperature of insert component is controlled by heat generating body. Hot runner is utilized during insert molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gross-mass ratio of the metallic compound in a nonvolatile component is 5 %mass or more and less than 100 %mass. The metallic compound contains magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, strontium, barium and/or radium as a metallic element. The metallic compound contains magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. The metallic compounds are solid particles having volume average particle diameter of 30 mu m or less at normal temperature. The dispersion medium contains water, alcohol solvent, glycol monoether-type solvent and/or terpene-type solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder contains acrylic resin and/or cellulosic resin. The composition further contains a thixo agent. Preferred Property: The composition has viscosity of 0.5-400 Pa.second at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of compression stress ( sigma (A) in (Pa)) of back sheet (A) to shear elastic modulus (G'(B) in (Pa)) of sealing material (B) at preset lamination temperature is 0.01-60, preferably 0.01-35, more preferably 1-20. The sealing material (B) is a sealing material having a copolymer of ethylene and 3-20C alpha -olefin as main component. The solar cell module has sealing material inside a back sheet. The sealing material (B) is a laminated structure including soft layer having storage elastic modulus (E') at 20 degrees C is less than 100 MPa with oscillation frequency of 10 Hz, based on dynamic-viscoelasticity measurement, and hard layer having storage elastic modulus (E') at 20 degrees C is 100 MPa or more with oscillation frequency of 10 Hz, based on dynamic-viscoelasticity measurement. Preferred Properties: The sealing material (B) has oscillation frequency of 10 Hz, and storage elastic modulus (E') of 1-100 MPa at 20 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material comprises resin composition including olefin polymer (X) having melt-flow rate of less than 5 g/10 minutes, preferably 0.5 g/10 minutes to less than 5 g/10 minutes, at 190 degrees C with a load of 21.18 N based on JIS K7210, and olefin polymer (Y) having melt-flow rate of 5 g/10 minutes or more, preferably 5-100 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C with a load of 21.18N, based on JIS K7210. The mass ratio of olefin polymer (X) and olefin polymer (Y) contained in resin composition is 95-55/5-45. The sealing material (B) is a sealing material which is not crosslinked. The compression stress of back sheet at 130-150 degrees C is less than 7x 105 Pa, preferably 4x 105 Pa. The solar cell module is a material having back sheet (A) and sealing material (B) are integrated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The article is a porous separator (105) comprising at least one of polyimide, polyethylene or polypropylene, where the article is a coating located on a surface of at least one of a porous separator, the negative electrode, the circuit, or the interior wall of the cell. The halogen ionomer is a fluorinated polymeric sulfonic acid comprising at least one ionic group of sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate or carboxylate ionic groups, where the fluorination is greater than about 50% of the total number of potential sites for hydrogen and halogen atoms in the polymer. The ionomer is located in a pore wall of the porous separator and exposed to electrolyte medium in a pore volume. The electrolyte medium is a lithium-containing cell solution comprising solvent and electrolyte. The halogen ionomer is applied as a surface coating in the article in an amount of 0.0001-100 mg/cm2. The halogen ionomer is a polymer including a fluorinated carbon backbone and side chains having a structure of formula (-(O-CF2-CFRf) a-O-CF2CFR1fSO3X).Rf, R1f = F, Cl or 1-10C-fluorinated alkyl;a = 0, 1 or 2; andX = H, Li, Na, K or an amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon powder comprises carbon having a macromolecular structure ordered in at least 2 dimensions and two-dimensional carbon sheets which are stacked into carbon layers, where the macromolecular structure is ordered in 3 dimensions and the carbon layers are associated with a stacking sequence of the carbon sheets. The carbon sheets are associated with basal planes that have slipped out of alignment relative to each other in the macromolecular structure. The carbon layers have freedom to randomly translate relative to each other and rotate about a normal of the carbon layers. The carbon powder has the surface area above 900 m2/g. The composition comprises 1-9 wt.% ionomer composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon ionomer: comprises at least one ionic group comprising carboxylate; and is a random copolymer of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic) acid, where the copolymer is at least partially neutralized and comprises (meth)acrylic acid comonomer that is one of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid. Preferred Method: The composite is made using a compositing process comprising at least one compositing step, where the step comprises heating the sulfur compound and introducing the heated sulfur compound into the carbon powder. The layering is made using many coating steps, where the coating step comprises applying the respective composition combined with a solvent to a surface. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The blade is made of thermoplastic resin, UV-stabilized 30 % glass filled polypropylene, glass fiber filled polyester, and carbon fiber filled polyester. The flowable material is made of thermoplastic resin, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin, thermoset resin, and fiber-reinforced thermoset resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell module backsheet consist of colored layer containing 3 or more colored materials is arranged by lattice-like pattern on base material containing white layer (5) stacked on base film (4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The colored material is pigment containing red-type color-material, blue-type color-material and yellowish color material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The article is a coating located on a surface of at least one of a porous separator, the negative electrode, the circuit and the interior wall of the cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte medium is a lithium-containing cell solution comprising solvent and electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 0.0001-10 mg/cm2 of hydrocarbon ionomer is incorporated as a surface coating on a surface of the article. The hydrocarbon ionomer is located in a pore wall of a pore in the porous separator and exposed to electrolyte medium in a pore volume in the pore. The hydrocarbon ionomer comprises at least one ionic group comprising carboxylate ionic groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The article is a porous separator (105) comprising at least one of polyimide, polyethylene or polypropylene. The hydrocarbon ionomer is a random copolymer of poly(ethylene-co-(meth)acrylic)acid and the copolymer is at least partially neutralized and comprises (meth)acrylic acid comonomer that is one of acrylic acid comonomer, methacrylic acid comonomer or a combination of acrylic acid and methyacrylic acid comonomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of glass, silicon or a polymeric film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar cell backsheet is a single layer. The solar cell backsheet has: a water vapor transmission rate of 20 g/m2x day or less; a relative thermal index of 90-150 degrees C; a peel strength to an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer encapsulant film of 60 N/cm or greater; a partial discharge value of 1000 V or greater; a dielectric strength of 2500 V/mil or greater; and a thickness of 3 mm or less, preferably 10-500 microns. In the solar cell backsheet, at least a portion of the surface of the backsheet is a hydrophilic surface, or a hydrophobic surface. The photovoltaic layer comprises an organic photovoltaic material. The backsheet is a single layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high to ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene has an average molecular weight of 300000-20000000 (preferably 5000000-12000000) g/mol. The solar cell backsheet further comprises at least one additive comprising at least one of a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, a light stabilizing additive, a UV absorber, a light diffusing agent, a halogenated flame retardant, a non-halogenated flame retardant, a reinforcing additive, a crosslinking agent, a lubricant, an optical brightener, a colorant and/or a metal deactivating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further comprises surfactant comprising silicon-type surfactant, acrylic-type surfactant or fluorine-type surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The passivation film-forming composition containing organoaluminum compound is provided on semiconductor substrate, to form composition layer on surface in which electrode of semiconductor substrate is not formed. Preferred Composition: The passivation film-forming composition contains alkyl group-containing compound of formula (I) as organoaluminum compound, and resin.R1=1-8C alkyl;n=0-3;X2,X3=oxygen or methylene;andR2-R4=H or 1-8C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves uniformly mixing 0.8-100 pts. wt. dispersion medium with respect to 1 pts. wt. chitin having average particle diameter of at least 1 mm or more, obtaining mixture, and repeating the process, until total amount of dispersion medium reaches 4-500 pts. wt. with respect to 1 pts. wt. chitin. The method involves dissolving chitin in solvent chosen from calcium chloride dihydrate, saturated methanol, dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride, and ionic liquid, and removing solvent from chitin solution and obtaining the chitin gel having 50-90 pts. wt. solvent with respect to 1 pts. wt. chitin. The method involves providing chitosan hydrogel by dissolving chitosan in aqueous acid solution, adjusting pH of chitosan aqueous solution to 7-12, collecting precipitated product, and cleaning the collected precipitate with water, until pH of the product is set to 6-7.5 or dialyzing the collected precipitate with respect to water, until pH of the product is set to 6-7.5. The method further involves substituting the dispersion medium or solvent in the chitin gel provided in step (a) before the step (b), or chitosan hydrogel by an another dispersion medium or solvent. Preferred Components: The dispersion medium is water. The solvent is calcium chloride dihydrate and saturated methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymerizable monomer is an acrylic ester or methacrylic ester. The crosslinking agent is a polyfunctional acrylic ester or polyfunctional methacrylic ester. The polymerization initiator is a radical polymerization initiator chosen from azobisisobutyronitrile, hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, and benzoyl peroxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Component (1') contains acryl-type copolymer (A1) which has carbon-carbon double bond originating in (meth)acryloyl group or compound (C) which has acryl-type copolymer (A2) which does not have (meth)acryloyl group. Component (A1) is (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1-1) consisting of (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a1) which has glycidyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) which has hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a3) which has carboxyl group, and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a4) which does not have glycidyl group, hydroxyl group, and carboxyl group in which glycidyl group of side chain of copolymer is reacted with component (a3); (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1-2) consisting of components (a1)-(a4) in which component (a1) is reacted with carboxyl group in copolymer which makes component (a4) a structural unit; (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1-3) consisting of components (a2) and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a5) which has isocyanate group reacted with hydroxyl groups in the copolymer which makes component (a6) a structural unit; and (A1-4) consisting of component (a2) and maleic anhydride and acryl-type monomer (a7) which has hydroxyl group in which hydroxyl group of component (a2) is reacted with acid-anhydride group in the copolymer which makes component (a6) a structural unit. Component (C) contains 0.1-20 pts. wt. component (A2) with respect to 100 pts. wt. component (C). Component (C) contains greater than or equal to 2 (meth)acryloyl group in a molecule. Polyisocyanate compound (B) is block forming polyisocyanate (B1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dust produced contains 50 %mass or more silicon and remainder of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, germanium or sulfur. The cooling fluid containing organic substance used in the manufacturing process is removed from the mixture of the silicon particles, by solid-liquid separation process. The silicon particles produced are reacted with silane coupling agent containing hydrophobic group to obtain surface hydrophobized silicon particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymeric p-type semiconductor compound is a copolymer consisting of metal-containing cyclopenta-pyrrole-dione repeating unit of formula (II) and metal-containing dihydro-cyclopenta-pentalene repeating unit of formula (III).A=group 16 atom;R11=hydrocarbyl optionally having heteroatom;Q=group 14 atom;X1,X2=oxygen or sulfur;R12-R15=H, halo, or hydrocarbyl optionally having heteroatom;andadjacent groups of R12-R15=ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The aluminum film has a thickness of 250-500 nm. The phosphorane and silane mixed film has a thickness of 200-500 nm. The gallium arsenide film has a thickness of 1.5-3 mu m. The bismuth film has a thickness of 250-500 nm. The germanium film has a thickness of 10-20 mu m. The diborane and silane mixed film has a thickness of 200-450 nm. The silver wire mesh film has a thickness of normal thickness. The tin dioxide film has a thickness of 250-500 nm. Preferred Component: The high-performance solar composite battery has a transparent wear-resistant paint sealing layer with a sealing layer thickness of 0.1-0.5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inner layer is polyethylene and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer plastic alloy layer. The outer layer is fluorine-plastic alloy film formed using mixture of plastic and inorganic/organic additive. The adhesive layer is polyurethane layer, acrylic acid layer, epoxy resin adhesive layer or polar vinyl chloride resin layer. The inner and outer layer are bonded by adhesive layer. Preferred Property: The thickness of outer layer, adhesive layer and inner layer is 7-150 microm, 1-30 microm and 100-1000 microm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back glass is made of butyl rubber. A shell is made of modified polyphenylene oxide?plastic material. A film is made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The mannequin is formed of plastic and polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyether polyol is sucrose polyether polyol and sorbitol polyether polyol in a mass ratio of 0.5:1-1:0.5. The sucrose polyether polyol has a functionality of 4.3-5.5 and hydroxy value of 350-500 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The sorbitol polyether polyol has a functionality of 4.5-6 and hydroxy value of 350-550 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The complex catalyst is triethylene diamine, N',N-dimethyl cyclohexylamine, potassium oleate, triethanolamine and/or quaternary ammonium salt. The mass ratio of component A and B is 1:1-1:2. The polymethylene phenyl polyisocyanate has isocyanate content of 30-32%, a density of 1.22-1.25 g/cm3 at 25 degrees C, viscosity of 100-400 mPa.second at 25 degrees C. Preferred Method: The phthalic anhydride polyester polyol is obtained by catalyzed reaction of phthalic anhydride, pentaerythritol and diethylene glycol with a viscosity of 25V at 2000-4000 mPa.second, and hydroxy value of 300-400 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The flame retardant polyol is obtained by taking tetrabromophthalic anhydride, ethylene glycol and tribromoaniline mixture as an initiator, polymerizing propylene oxide by a polymerizable monomer at a viscosity of 2000-5000 mPa.second, and hydroxy value of 300-400 g potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid nitrate is chosen from nitric acid and formic acid. The amount of nitric acid concentration is 10-90 %mass. The amount of formic acid and acetic acid concentrations is 10-30 %mass. The mass ratio of acid solution and titanium dioxide powder is 1-100:1-100. The concentration of graphene oxide aqueous solution is 0.1-100 g/L. The mass ratio of graphene oxide aqueous solution and titanium dioxide powder is 1-100:1-100. The organic solvent is chosen from ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and n-propyl alcohol. The mass ratio of titanium dioxide powder and organic solvent is 1-100:1-100. The curing agent is chosen from polyethylene glycol, terpineol, alkyl phenol ethoxylate, acetylacetone and isooctyl phenyl ether. The mass ratio of titanium dioxide and curing agent is 1-100:1-100. Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide powder has average particle size of 1 nm to 100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The high molecular polymer is chosen from methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and cellulose powder. The mass ratio of titanium dioxide powder and high molecular polymer is 1-100:1-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hollow fiber membrane assembly is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Processes: Polymer is mixed with electron acceptor material, solvent is added to fully dissolve the mixture, film is prepared by spin-coating on conductive glass, and metal electrode is prepared by vapor depositing on surface of organic film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electron acceptor material is C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) (derivatives). Solvent is chlorobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, di-t-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t-butylperoxy-3-hexyne, ( alpha ), ( alpha )-bis-t -butylperoxydiisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis(t-butylperoxy)butane, and/or 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5 -trimethylcyclohexane. The tackifier is gamma -glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl trichlorosilane, vinyl diethoxy silane, vinyl-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, gamma -methyl acryloxy propyl dimethoxysilane, and/or 3-thio-propyl dimethoxy silane. The antioxidant is di(2,4-dicumyl-phenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, distearate pentaerythritol diphosphite, beta -(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, isooctylalcohol ester, beta -(3-t-butyl-4-phenyl)propionate, n-octadecanol, tetraethylene( beta -(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate)pentaerythritol ester, 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), tetrakis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl-4,4'-biphenyl) bisphosphonate, and/or tris(2,4-di-t-butyl-phenyl)phosphite ester. The ultraviolet light absorbing agent is 2-(2-hydroxy-5-(1,1,3,3 -tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6 -dodecyl-4-p-cresol, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorophenyl-triazole, 2,2'-methylene bis(4-t-octyl -6-benzotriazole-phenol), 2-(2-hydroxy-5-phenylmethyl)-benzotriazole, and/or 2-hydroxy-4 -methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid. The ultraviolet light stabilizer is polybutylene succinate(4-hydroxy -2,2,6,6-tetramethoxy-1-piperidineethanol)sebacate, and/or bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyl)ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate content in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 28 -33%. Preferred Properties: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt flow rate of 30 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The refractive index of the inorganic particles of the inorganic-particles layer is 1.7 or more. Preferred Composition: The metal oxide in the inorganic particles is oxide of lithium, beryllium, boron, sodium, magnesium, silicon, potassium, calcium, scandium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, rubidium, strontium, yttrium, molybdenum, cesium, barium, lanthanum, hafnium, tungsten, tantalum, lead, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, paramecium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, titanium, antimony, tin, zirconium, cerium, tantalum, and/or indium, preferably yttrium oxide partially or fully stabilized with zirconium oxide, and has particle average size of 1 nm to 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The planarization layer is organic coating layer obtained from polyacryl resin and polyimide-type resin, or mineral coating film comprises silicon compound. The silicon compound is silica, organosilicon, and silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ceramic coating layer is made of alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, silica, aluminum oxide, aluminum-nitride, aluminum sulfate or organosilane, silane coupling agent, and CNT.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat radiation back sheet is made of aluminum, copper, brass, steel sheet, and stainless steel metal plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyether-ether-ketone, polyimide, and polyethersulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbon-sulfur composite is made using a compositing process which involves heating the sulfur compound and introducing the heated sulfur compound into the carbon powder to make the carbon-sulfur composite. The layering is made using a layering process comprising several coating steps, which involves applying a respective composition of the respective compositions combined with a solvent to a surface. Preferred Components: The macromolecular structure is ordered in two dimensions or where the macromolecular structure is ordered in three dimensions and the carbon layers are associated with a stacking sequence of the two dimensional carbon sheets. The carbon sheets are associated with basal planes that have slipped out of alignment relative to each other in the macromolecular structure. The carbon powder has a surface area of 900-1900 square meters per g and a pore volume of 1.2-5 cubic centimeters per g. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Component (A) has ratio (Mz/Mn) of Z average molecular weight (Mz) and number average molecular weight (Mn) calculated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of less than or equal to 8. Preferred Compositions: Resin composition contains 0.2-5 pts. wt. component (B) with respect to 100 pts. wt. component (A). Component (C) is hindered amine-type optical stabilizer. Resin composition contains 0.01-2 pts. wt. component (C) with respect to 100 pts. wt. component (A). Component (A) is propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, and/or copolymer consisting of 1,5-hexadiene, 1,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene, 1,8-nonadiene, 1,9-decadiene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-isopropylidene-2-norbornene, 5-(4-cyclopentenyl)-2-norbornene, 5-cyclohexylidene-2-norbornene, and/or 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass frit contains lead-tellurium-oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive powder is silver powder having tap density of 5-6, specific surface area of 0.3-0.6 m2/g, D10 particle size of 1-1.5 microns, D50 particle size of 1.5-2.3 microns and D90 particle size of 2.5-3.5 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is chosen from diethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol and monoiso butyrate, preferably diethylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate. The paste further contains thixotropic amide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The cellulose ester resin is chosen from cellulose acetate propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is rutile titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble polymer is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin and polysaccharide thickener.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The cell further comprises a sealed reservoir and a vacuum gap spaced between the polymer layers (A) and (B), a polymer layer (C) sealed overtop of the polymer layer (A) and electrically conductive tabs.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is chosen from liquid electrolyte and non-liquid electrolyte. The embedded particles are composed of more than 5% ceramic material, preferably aluminum nitride, boron nitride and/or graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal layer(s) comprise aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer layer (A) comprises metal-polymer laminate foil having metal layer(s) and polymer layer(s). The polymer layers (A) and (B) comprises polypropylene and polyurethane. The polymer layer (B) comprises embedded particles to increase thermal conductivity of the polymer layer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of polymer layer (A) and polymer layer (B) is 2 mu m or less, each respectively. The outer surface of the polymer layer (B) has emissivity of more than 0.9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The primary layer has glass transition temperature of less than 0 degrees C, after curing. The secondary layer has glass transition temperature of 85 degrees C or more, after curing. The cured primary layer has tensile modulus of 0.001-300 MPa at 25 degrees C. The cured secondary layer has tensile modulus of 200-1000 MPa at 25 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The primary layer comprises 5-250 pts. wt. moisture removal agent. The secondary layer comprises less than 5 pts. wt. moisture removal agent. The secondary layer is solid or semi-solid at room temperature. The secondary layer is arranged on side(s) of the primary layer. The ratio of tensile modulus of cured primary layer and cured secondary layer is 1x 10-6-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinkable resin contains 50-99 pts. wt. ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer and 1-50 pts. wt. ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. The content of structural unit derived from ethylene and structural unit derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin is 80-90 mol% and 10-20 mol%, respectively. The content of aluminum element in the ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 10-500 ppm. The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is chosen from ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic copolymer, ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic anhydride copolymer, ethylene-unsaturated carboxylate copolymer, unsaturated carboxylic-ethylene-unsaturated carboxylate copolymer, ethylene-unsaturated glycidyl ester copolymer, ethylene-unsaturated glycidyl-ether copolymer, ethylene-unsaturated glycidyl ester-unsaturated carboxylate copolymer, ethylene-unsaturated glycidyl ether-unsaturated-carboxylate copolymer and ethylene vinyl-ester copolymer, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and has melt flow rate of 5-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg measured based on ASTM D1238.. The vinyl acetate content in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 15-47 wt.%. The resin composition further contains 0.1-2 pts. wt. silane coupling agent, 0.1-1.2 pts. wt. organic peroxide and 0.005-5 pts. wt. component chosen from ultraviolet absorber, optical stabilizer and heat-resistant stabilizer. Preferred Properties: The sealing material has Shore A hardness of 50-85 measured based on ASTM D2240, t-butyl alcohol-absorption factor of 2.5-6 wt.% when sealing material is immersed in t-butyl alcohol at 30 degrees C for 1 hour. The crosslinkable resin has melt flow rate of 10-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg measured based on ASTM D1238. The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer has density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 measured based on ASTM D1505, and melt flow rate of 5-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg measured based on ASTM D1238.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrically insulating material is selected from silicon oxide, silicon nitride, titanium oxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrically insulating material is selected from non-conductive epoxy, silicone, polyester, polyfluorene, polyolefin, polyimide, polyamide or polyethylene. The insulating layer is formed of polyester, polyolefin, polyimide or polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-ferrous metal plates consist of pure aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The elastomer film consists of ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The seal is formed from a rubber, a foam material, polyvinylchloride, thermoplastic polyurethane and/or a thermoplastic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protecting layer comprises a material that is selected from a group consisting of thermosetting polymer, polyamide, Polyphthalamid, polyester, polycarbonate, PVC, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherketone, polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A polymer electrolyte is prepared, and a catalyst metal particle is prepared. The catalyst metal particle is supported to the carbon support modified by strongly acidic functional group, and catalyst is generated. The catalyst and polymer electrolyte are mixed, to obtain catalyst paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide contains 1-5 pts. wt. silicon oxide with respect to 100 pts. wt. titanium dioxide before coating on its surface. Titanium dioxide has a surface coating layer further formed with organic substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The bivalent or trivalent metal ion is magnesium or aluminum. Preferred Definitions:    R2=1-12C alkyloxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The urethane foam layer is formed by laminating several sheet form or block-shaped urethane foams. The urethane foam has air hole number of 40-60 pieces/inch. The urethane foam is polyether-based polyurethane foam having three-dimensional network structure. The charcoal-filter layer is formed by adhering activated carbon structure of polyurethane foam without cell film. The polyurethane foam of filter base material of charcoal-filter layer has air hole number of 4-14 pieces/inch. The charged filter layer has nonwoven fabric consisting of polypropylene fiber, which is subjected to electrical charging process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The contact bonding layer (L4) contains 0.01-1 pt. wt. ultraviolet absorber with respect to 100 pts. wt. block copolymer hydride (H3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The welding plate element has an ultra-violet resistant thermoplastic, particularly polyvinyl chloride or thermoplastic polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent adhesive layer is made of silicone resin, acrylic resin, alicyclic acrylic resin, liquid crystal polymer, polycarbonate, and polyethylene terephthalic acid, and glycol ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The aluminum alloy plate is comprised with following materials of magnesium of 8-2.5% weight, copper 0.2-0.5% of weight, methylcellulose of 2% weight, manganese of 1.2-2.5% weight, iron 3-1.5% of weight and aluminum of 93-94% of weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reinforcing components are made of aluminum foil, glass fiber or stainless steel elastic sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluorine resin polymer is tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene or vinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The weather resistance layer is polyethylene terephthalate having a thickness of 0.025-0.175 mm. The adhesive layer is a single-component or double-component polyurethane adhesive layer having a thickness of 0.004-0.02 mm, preferably 0.002-0.015 mm. The electrically insulating layer is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate), or polyethylene naphthalate having a thickness of 0.125-0.35 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The composite extract is prepared by mixing P. ternata and ginger, crushing the mixture, screening using 80-200 mesh sieves, subjecting to supersonic airflow crushing to obtain powder having size of 1-10 mu m, adding 30-90 vol.% ethanol aqueous solution (6-12 times powder quantity), soaking for 1-2 days, reflux extracting for 3 times, mixing extracts, and filtering to obtain extract A; mixing remaining raw materials, adding 60 vol.% ethanol aqueous solution, subjecting to ultrasonic extraction at an ultrasonic power of 800-3000 W and ultrasonic frequency of 28-120 KHz for 10-100 minutes, mixing the processed material, ball grinding for 4-16 hours to obtain powder having a size of 50-1000 nm, soaking powder in 40% water for 2 hours, extracting for 3 times, mixing the extracts, filtering, processing filtrate according to 2010 Edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia, filling into container, and sterilizing. Preferred Component: The additive is gelatin, whey protein, starch or its derivative, alginate, cyclodextrin, protein, chitosan or its derivative, lactose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, methyl acetate, polylactic acid, cyanoacrylate, tri-acyl glycerol, stearic acid, palmitic acid, olein, long-chain fatty acid glyceride, glycerol ester, glycerin monostearate, cholesterol, polyethylene diglycol, microcrystalline wax, cetyl palmitate wax, and/or tea powder. ADMINISTRATION - Administration is oral (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic granule is yttria-stabilized zirconia, scandia-stabilized zirconia, gadolinium-doped ceria, samarium-doped ceria, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide group, bismuth oxide group, lanthanum-gadolinium oxide group, barium-cerium oxide and/or barium-zirconium oxide. The slurry composition contains 0.1-10 pts. wt. dispersing agent, 0.1-10 pts. wt. surfactant, 1-25 pts. wt. binder, 0.1-10 pts. wt. plasticizer and 100-500 pts. wt. solvent with respect to 100 pts. wt. ceramic material powder. Preferred Property: The ceramic granule has average particle diameter of 1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is phosphonic acid ester, polyethyleneglycol ether, alkylsulfate sodium salt, polycarboxylic acid salt or alkyl ammonium salt. The surfactant is Tween-20 (RTM: sorbitan monolaurate), and Triton X-100 (RTM: octylphenol ethoxylate). The binder is polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polybutyl acetate or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The plasticizer is chosen from glycerol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, bis 2-ethylhexyl sebacate, dioctylphthalate, triphenyl phosphate, trioil phosphate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether and dimethylformamide. The solvent comprise methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent material is silicon oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The volume ratio of ethanol and water is 8.5:1-9.5:1. The light-transmitting material comprises microsphere solution of surface active agent chosen from sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium octyl succinate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium glycocholate, or microsphere solution of the surfactant chosen from dimethyl pyridine ammonium bromide, hexatriacontane-type methyl ammonium chloride or 2-allyl ammonium chloride. The method further involves using initiator chosen from, polypropylene ammonium chloride and benzene bi-alkene sulfonic acid sodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The tensile modulus of primary layer is 0.001-400 MPa after curing at 25 degrees C. The tensile modulus of secondary layer is 400-1000 MPa after curing at 25 degrees C. Preferred Components: The secondary layer is arranged on one side or both sides of the primary layer. The primary layer comprises resin component and water scavenger. The amount of water scavenger and resin component is 5-250 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. primary layer. The secondary layer comprises curable resin composition. The amount of water scavenger is less than 5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. secondary layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing has an internal base surface covered with an electro-mechanical insulator, which is manufactured from synthetic rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive adhesive layer is formed from a conductive adhesive composition comprising lead-free solder particles (preferably tin-bismuth alloy), high melting point metal particles, and a resin (preferably thermosetting resin). The light reflective layer contains titanium oxide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent contains group which consists of n-butyl-4,4-di-(t-butylperoxy)valerate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, and t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate. The adhesive film contains 0.03-3 pts. wt. silane coupling agent, 0.01-3 pts. wt. UV absorbers and 0.01-3 pts. wt. crosslinking adjuvants with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulated resin molded product contains 65-75 parts mass polyphenylene ether resin (A), 10-20 parts mass hydrogenated block copolymer (B) and 10-20 parts mass flame retardant (C). Preferred Properties: The weight average particle diameter of the particles of the hydrogenated block copolymer (B) is 0.4-0.7 mu m. The thermoplastic resin composition has chemical resistance with respect to silicone. The Charpy impact strength at 23 degrees C of the thermoplastic resin composition is 30 kJ/m2 or more. The insulated resin molded product has a tracking growth distance of less than 25.4 mu m measured at 1.5 kV for 60 minutes or 2.5 kV for 25 minutes, by inclined surface tracking test based on ASTM D2303. The ratio of a Charpy impact strength (kJ/m2) at 23 degrees C of the thermoplastic resin composition with respect to a bending elastic modulus (GPa) at 23 degrees C of the thermoplastic resin composition is 8 or more. The number of dripping of electrolyte solution containing 0.1 %mass ammonium chloride aqueous solution is 30 or more drops, after setting distance between probes of 1 mu m and applying voltage of 375 V until tracking is generated, using the thermoplastic resin composition based on IEC60112. The number of dripping of electrolyte solution containing 0.1 %mass ammonium chloride aqueous solution is 20 or more drops, after setting distance between probes of 1 mu m and applying voltage of 400 V until tracking is generated, using the thermoplastic resin composition based on IEC60112.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: In the composition, the two subunits linked via L are structurally the same or different. The oligomer comprises azole compounds of formulae 9-13.R1-R6=hydrogen, halogen, cyano, or 1-30C linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, or thioalkoxy group.Preferred Parameters: The oligomer has ionization potential of 4.5 eV or higher. It has an optical band gap of 1.2 eV or smaller. It has an electrochemical band gap of 1.7 eV or smaller. Preferred Device: The device is a transistor, preferably field-effect transistor comprising a thin-film of the oligomer. Specifically, the device is a field-effect transistor comprising a thin-film of the oligomer annealed at a temperature of 150 degrees C or more. The device is a field-effect transistor having a hole mobility of 1x10-4 or higher; the device is a field-effect transistor having an electron mobility of 1x10-4 or higher; the device is a field-effect transistor having a hole mobility of 1x10-4 cm2/Vs or higher and an electron mobility of 1x10-4cm2/Vs or higher; or the device is a field-effect transistor having a on/off current ratio of 10-104. Preferred Definitions:    X and X'=S;    Yx and Y'=CR'', or each Yx is CH, each Y' is CR'' with R'' being an optionally substituted 1-30C alkyl, alkoxy, or thioalkyl, or each Y is CH, each Y' is CR'' with R'' being a branched alkyl;    a and b=1;    azole unit=selected from azoles with S, O, or R substituents;    L=selected from azole compounds of formulae 2-6, preferably L is a single bond; and    EG=selected from formula 7 or 8.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The thermally stable particles comprise ceramic and glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises polyethylene. The temperature-sensitive particles comprise dopamine on the particle surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The molten salt is selected from scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium and lanthanoid. The element of molten salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium and lanthanoid. The organic polymer is provided with bond of carbon-oxygen-carbon and bond of carbon-nitrogen-carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass is float plate glass, tempered glass or heat-resisting glass containing soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass or quartz glass. The tempered glass is Gorilla (RTM: glass).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive bond layer includes acrylate-type material. The acrylate-type material is formed by copolymerizing alkyl acrylate (monomer) as a main component, alkyl (meth)acrylate having 3C or less alkyl group, and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide derivative, maleic acid, hydroxyl ethylacrylate and glycidyl acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The other resin layer contains resin chosen from allyl ester resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, cycloolefin-type polymer, triacetyl cellulose, polyimide, polyaramide, polyether sulfone, siloxane-type polymer, fluorine-type polymer, non-crystalline polyolefin, unsaturated polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, epoxy resin and urethane acrylate resin, preferably allyl ester resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and siloxane-type polymer. Preferred Properties: The laminate has total light transmittance of 85% or more and total thickness of 0.1-1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide glass contains silver, tellurium and vanadium. The oxide glass contains 5-65 %mass silver oxide, 10-60 %mass vanadium oxide and 15-50 %mass tellurium oxide. The total content of silver oxide, vanadium oxide and tellurium oxide is 75 %mass or more. The content of the silver oxide is 2.6 times or less of content of vanadium oxide. The total content of silver oxide and vanadium oxide is 40-80 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, styrene acrylonitrile resin, acrylic resin, polyacetal resin, polyimide, polycarbonate, modified polyphenylene ether, polybutylene terephthalate, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, polyimide resin, fluororesin, polyamidoimide, polyetheretherketone, epoxy resin, phenol resin, polyester or polyvinyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The oxide glass has transition point at 330 degrees C or less and contains transition metal element such as vanadium. The oxide glass has composition of formula: V2O5 greater than TeO2 greater than or equal to P2O5 (in %mass) and Ag2O greater than TeO2 greater than or equal to P2O5 (in %mass). The sum total of the oxides is 70-95 %mass. The oxide glass further contains elements chosen from iron, barium, potassium, tungsten, molybdenum, antimony and/or bismuth, and has composition containing 35-55 %mass vanadium oxide, 15-35 %mass tellurium oxide, 4-20 %mass phosphorus oxide, 5-15 %mass ferric oxide and antimony oxide, and 5-30 %mass ferric oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide, tungsten trioxide, molybdenum oxide, manganese oxide, antimony oxide and/or bismuth oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The oxide glass is multilayered through the base material. Preferred Properties: The average film thickness of layer of oxide glass is 50 mu m or less, preferably 3-20 mu m. Preferred Composition: The oxide glass contains transition metal oxide having transition point of 330 degrees C or less, and 70-95 %mass vanadium pentoxide, tellurium oxide and/or phosphorus pentoxide, and further contains iron oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, manganese oxide, antimony oxide, bismuth oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide and/or zinc oxide, or oxide glass contains 35-55 %mass vanadium pentoxide, 4-20 %mass tellurium oxide, 15-35 %mass phosphorus pentoxide, and 5-30 %mass iron oxide, tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, manganese oxide, antimony oxide, bismuth oxide, barium oxide, potassium oxide and/or zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal microparticles or metal microparticles contains aluminum, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum, tungsten and/or tin, or aluminum oxide, titania, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide and/or tin oxide, or aluminum or its alloy, chromium or its alloy, iron or its alloy, nickel or its alloy, copper or its alloy, zinc or its alloy and/or tin or its alloy, and having volume average particle diameter of 10 mu m or less. The metal porous component contains nickel-aluminum alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-manganese alloy, nickel-tungsten alloy, nickel-cobalt alloy, nickel-tin alloy, aluminum, nickel-molybdenum alloy, nickel-titanium alloy, iron-chromium-nickel alloy and/or iron-chromium-nickel-molybdenum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The organic molecule is obtained by electrolytically polymerizing precursor containing pyridinium group of formula (I), or linear polymer having group of formula (II) or polymer having repeating unit of formula (III) or (IV).X=cyano, fluoro, chloro or bromo.The precursor has counter anion chosen from bromide ion, chloride ion, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion and tetrafluoroborate ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio of local maximum with respect to local minimum of density in gas barrier layer is 1.1 or more. The thickness of each layer, in which density is changed is 50-200 nm. The atomic ratio of content of oxygen with respect to content of metal and/or semimetal is 1-1.9. The atomic ratio of content of nitrogen with respect to content of metal and/or semimetal is 0.5-1.2. The atomic ratio of content of carbon with respect to content of metal and/or semimetal is 0.5-1.7. The metal and/or semi metal is contained in the form of oxide, nitride, carbide, oxynitride, oxycarbide and oxynitride carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The n-type organic semiconductor contains fullerene derivative. The coating film of photoelectric conversion layer is exposed to vapors of solvent(s) chosen from acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, cyclohexane, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1-chloronaphthalene, 1,2-dibromoethane, benzene, toluene, ortho-xylene, anisole, methyl benzoate, pyridine, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, morpholine, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane, during manufacture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-resistant resin further contains inorganic fine particles. Preferred Properties: The thermal decomposition temperature of the heat-resistant resin is more than 260 degrees C. The highest-occupied molecular orbital and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital of the structure monomer is less than -10.71 eV and 2.77 eV or more, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of the maximum width of the protective material structure layer (P) excluding the fluororesin film, to the width of the fluororesin film is 0.7-0.98. The adhesive layer has tension storage elastic modulus of 5x 104-5x 105 Pa, measured at 100 degrees C and frequency of 10 Hz in distortion rate of 0.1%. The thickness of the substrate is 25-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Component (B) is a disilaalkane compound comprising (R5O)3-b-((R6)b)-Si-R7-((R8)c-Si(OR9)3-c).R5 and R9=each an alkyl group or an alkoxyalkyl group;R6 and R8=a monovalent hydrocarbon group;R7=an optionally substituted alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; andb and c=0 or 1.The multi-component type curable silicone rubber composition is a two-component type room temperature curable silicone rubber composition using: (I) a composition including at least the component (A) and component (C), and not including the component (D); and (II) a composition including at least the component (D), and not including the component (A) and component (C). Preferred Composition: The blended amount weight ratio of the component (C) relative to the component (B) is in a range of 0.05-1.0. The composition further comprises 0.1-20.0 pts. wt. adhesion-giving component. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing agent contains organic peroxide and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A) is chosen from (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a1) having glycidyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a4) having neither glycidyl group nor hydroxyl group and carboxyl group to glycidyl group of side chain in the copolymer, and (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (a3) having carboxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A2) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a1) having glycidyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (a3) having carboxyl group and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a4) having neither glycidyl group nor hydroxyl group and carboxyl group to glycidyl group of side chain in the copolymer, (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A3) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (a5) having isocyanate group and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a6) which does not have hydroxyl group, and (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A4) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group and maleic anhydride, and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a6) which does not have hydroxyl group. The polyisocyanate compound (B) is block-forming polyisocyanate (B1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises 56 compounds e.g. 4-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4-fluoro-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-difluoro-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl-4-methyl-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-diethyl-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4-fluoro-4-methyl-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one and 4-methylene-5-trifluoromethyl-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one. (I) is present in an amount of 0.01-10 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The benzotriazole type ultraviolet-ray absorptive group is derived from compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), and the triazine series ultraviolet-ray absorptive group is derived from compound of formula (II).R1=H or 1-8C alkyl;R2=1-6C alkylene;R3,R6,X2=H or methyl;X1,R4=H, halo, 1-8C alkyl, 1-6C alkoxy, cyano, or nitro;R5=group which has element which can form hydrogen bond;R7=H or 1-12C alkyl;R8-R15=H, 1-10C alkyl, 2-10C alkenyl, or 1-10C alkoxy;A=-(CH2CH2O)p-, -CH2CH(OH)-CH2O-, -(CH2)p-O-, -CH2CH(CH2OR16)-O-, -CH2CH(R16)-O- or -CH2(CH2)qCOO-B'-O-;R16=1-10C alkyl;B'=methylene, ethylene group, or -CH2CH(OH)CH2-;p=1-20;andq=0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin has hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) group which is one-side polymerization group modified type HALS. The mirror further has an acryl layer (6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass back-sheet comprises aluminosilicate glass and borosilicate glass. The inorganic binder is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive circuits on the first surface of the glass backsheet comprise metal including silver, gold, platinum, palladium, aluminum and/or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer film includes polyvinylfluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: In the composition, the first segment, the second segment, the third segment and the fourth segment are bonded by covalent bonds; and a ratio of oxygen to lithium (O)/(Li) is 10-40. The composition comprises the inorganic oxide particles (less than 20 wt.%). Preferred Method: The method further involves adding an additive to increase an ionic conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte composition; and forming the solid polymer electrolyte by a jet coating process, an extrusion process, a molding process, a casting process or a printing process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises LiPF6, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiSO3CF3, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2, LiTFSI, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, LiGaCl4, LiNO3, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiSCN, LiO3SCF2CF3, LiC6F5SO3, LiO2CCF3, LiSO3F, LiB(C6H5)4, and/or LiB(C2O4)2. The additive comprises inorganic filler, or organic filler. The inorganic filler comprises inorganic oxide particles. The inorganic oxide particles comprise graphene oxide, clay, SiO2, ZnO, SnO2, TiO2, BaTiO3, SrO2, and/or Al2O3. The inorganic oxide particles have particle size of 5-1000 nm. The organic filler comprises at least one high dielectric organic plasticizer. The precursor comprises at least a first compound, a second compound and third compound. The first compound is selected from OCN-R1-(NCO)n, OCN-R1-(NH2)m, or OCN-R1-(OH)m. The second compound is selected from HO-R2-(OH)n, H2N-R2-(NH2)n, and (HO)x-R2-(NH2)y. The third compound is of formula R3-Si(R4)(R5)(R6).R1=ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, siloxane, aliphatic, or aromatic group;n=0-3;m=1-3;R2=ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or siloxane;x and y=2-4;R3=NH2, OH or NCO;R4-R6=H, OH, Cl, OCH3, OCH2CH3, OCH2CH2CH3, N(CH3)2, N(CH2CH3)2, N(Si(CH3)3)2, or OSi(CH3)3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises linking an aryl compound containing an amino group, with an aryl compound containing a leaving group, by a transition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction. Preferred Components: (I) do not contain: a further arylamino group; heteroaryl group; and heteroaromatic ring. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 32 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. bis-biphenyl-4-yl-biphenyl-2-yl-amine of formula (Ia), bis-biphenyl-4-yl-(1,1';4',1'')terphenyl-2-yl-amine, bis-biphenyl-4-yl-(1,1';4',1'')terphenyl-2'-yl-amine, 2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-N,N-bis(4-phenylphenyl)aniline, and bis-biphenyl-4-yl-(1,1';4',1'')terphenyl-2'-yl-amine.    EXAMPLE - Mixture of 94.3 g 2-bromobiphenyl, 130.9 g bis-biphenyl-4-yl-amine, 48.1 g sodium tert-butylate, 6.7 g 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, 1.8 g palladium(II) acetate and 1500 ml mesitylene were heated under reflux for 55 hours. Then the reaction mixture was worked up to obtain (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The CIS/CIGS group compound is copper-indium selenide, copper-indium sulfide, copper-gallium sulfide, copper-gallium selenide, copper-indium-gallium selenide, copper-indium-gallium selenide/sulfide, copper-indium-aluminum-gallium sulfide/selenide, and/or copper-indium-aluminum-gallium selenide/sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The noble metal ion content in noble metal salt or acid solution is 0.01-0.04 wt.%. The noble metal salt or acid solution is single noble metal salt or acid solution or mixed noble metal salt or acid solution. The single noble metal salt or acid solution is tetrachloroauric acid, chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium(III) chloride, palladium(II) chloride or iridium(III) chloride solution. The mixed noble metal salt or acid solution comprises at least two of tetrachloroauric acid, chloroplatinic acid, ruthenium(III) chloride, palladium(II) chloride or iridium(III) chloride, nickel(II) chloride and cobalt(III) nitrate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i): the solvent is double distilled water or ethanol with a concentration of 50-95 mass%; the carbon nano material in the step (i) is nano-porous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, fullerene or graphene; and the organic azo dye is methylene blue, rhodamine B, Sudan red I or methyl orange. The carbon nanotube is single-walled or multi-walled carbon nanotube with a tube diameter of 10-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The microporous portion (A) has strip form or grid form, and forms a pattern. The portion (A) has an assembly of linear microporous portion with width of 0.1-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylic-type polymer is obtained by polymerizing hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate and alkyl (meth)acrylate. The hardening agent is chosen from polyisocyanate (block) compound, epoxy resin, and oxazoline group-containing resin. The coating agent further contains ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylic-type copolymer is a copolymer chosen from (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A1) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a1) having glycidyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a3) having carboxyl group, and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a4) which does not have glycidyl group, hydroxyl group or carboxyl group. The (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A2) is obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a3), (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) and (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a4) with (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a1), (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A3) is obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a5) having isocyanate group, (meth)acrylic-type monomer (a6) which does not have hydroxyl group, and (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A4) obtained by reacting acryl-type monomer (a2) having hydroxyl group, maleic anhydride having acid anhydride group and acryl-type monomer (a6). The polyisocyanate compound is block-forming polyisocyanate. The solar cell module further contains non-light-receiving surface containing organic peroxide and sealing agent (IV) which is fast-curing type-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The easily adhesive agent contains 0.1-20 pts. wt. compounds which have (meth)acryloyl group with respect to 100 pts. wt. acryl-type copolymers which do not have (meth)acryloyl group. The polyisocyanate compound is block forming polyisocyanate. The compound which has (meth)acryloyl group has greater than or equal to 2 (meth)acryloyl group in a molecule. The sealing agent contains organic peroxide. The sealing agent at the side of non-light-receiving surface is fast curing type ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler contains magnesia powder, aluminum nitride powder, boron nitride powder, silicon nitride powder, graphite powder, carbon powder, silica powder, silicon carbide powder, boron carbide powder, titanium carbide powder, mullite powder, diamond powder, copper powder, aluminum powder, silver powder, iron powder, resin powder, barium titanate powder, silk, kaolin powder, iron oxide powder, zinc oxide powder, silica alumina powder, talc powder, glass fiber, carbon fiber and/or coloring agent. The titanium oxide powder has average particle diameter of 10-100 nm. The content of filler is 40-90 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicone resin is crosslinked with silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent or aluminate coupling agent. The silane coupling agent has an unsaturated group added to unsaturated group or hydrosilyl group of siloxane compound. The mixture of binder, filler and silane coupling agent is molded, or mixture of binder and filler coated with silane coupling agent is molded. The base material is covered with a reflecting film layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive filler is silver powder having an average particle diameter of 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of silicone-modified epoxy resin having a molecular weight of 500 or less is 1 %mass or less. The content of organopolysiloxane with respect to the total content of epoxy compound and curing agent is 60 %mass or less. Preferred Properties: The cured material of the conductive resin composition has a volume resistivity of 10-5 Omega .cm or less. The 90 degrees peel adhesive force of the cured material and ribbon solder is 0.2 N or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin has EEW of 200-500. The urea curing agent is a bis urea curing agent. The prepreg or stacks of prepregs comprises 20-85 wt.% epoxy resin and 80-15 wt.% fibers. The stack of prepregs has a thickness of 2-100 mm. EXAMPLE - Formulation (comprising 97 wt.% semi solid bisphenol-A-epoxy resin and 3 wt.% DYHARD UR 500 (RTM: 2,4-Bis(3,3-dimethylureido)toluene)) was impregnated onto triaxial glass fibers to obtain prepreg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first conductive layer includes copper. The substrate material includes iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrode has finger including binder resin and electroconductive filler. The binder resin comprises finger containing 90-100 weight% thermosetting resin chosen from epoxy resin, urethane-type resin, urea-type resin, acrylic resin, imide type-resin and phenol-type resin, and bus-bar containing 50-90 weight% thermosetting resin and 10-50 weight% rubber or thermoplastic elastomer with glass transition temperature of 25degree C or less. The rubber is chosen from diene based rubber, olefin-type rubber, urethane-type rubber, acrylic type rubber, silicon containing rubber and halogen-containing rubber. The thermoplastic elastomer is chosen from styrenic thermoplastic elastomer, olefin-type thermoplastic elastomer, urethane-type thermoplastic elastomer, ester system thermoplastic elastomer, acryl-type thermoplastic elastomer and silicone-type thermoplastic elastomer. The content rate of the electroconductive filler in the bus-bar is less than the content rate of the electroconductive filler in the finger. Preferred Properties: The young's modulus of the finger at 25degree C is 1-50 GPa. The height of the bus-bar is more than the height of the finger.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic photoelectric conversion element has primary electrode, secondary electrode, and photoelectric converting layer (14) containing n-type organic semiconductor and p-type organic semiconductor, between primary electrode and secondary electrode. The primary electrode is transparent electrode. The secondary electrode is counter electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The non crosslinkable resin does not have an acetic acid vinyl monomer unit. The crosslinkable resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The secondary sealing portion further contains a coloring agent. The solar cell module has a surface layer containing polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon-based hard-coating material contains trifunctional-type silicon and tetrafunctional-type silicon. The thickness of the hard-coat layer is 1-7 mu m. The hard-coat layer contains 0.1-20 %mass ultraviolet absorber. The film mirror further has primer layer provided in the surface on the opposite side to the light incident-side outermost surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grid material comprises a metal selected from aluminum, silver, gold, copper, nickel, titanium, chromium, indium, and their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Article: The article has a spatially averaged optical transmission of at least 80% at 550 nm. The carbon nanolayer and the grid provide the article with a sheet resistance less than 500 ohms/square (preferably less than 50 ohms/square). The article is flexible, where the carbon nanolayer and the grid provide the article with a sheet resistance, where the sheet resistance is substantially maintained upon subjecting the article to flexing characterized by a bending diameter of 1 cm. After 60 seconds of the flexing, the sheet resistance does not increase beyond two times an initial value of the sheet resistance. The grid is disposed between the substrate and the carbon nanolayer. The carbon nanolayer is disposed between the substrate and the grid. The grid is configured in a regular repeating pattern. The grid has a percent open area of at least 90%, and a conductivity of at least 104 Siemens/meter. The carbon nanolayer functions as an electric field spreading layer. The article has a first dimension along a first in-plane axis of at least 1 meter, and the article has a second dimension along a second in-plane axis of at least 0.1 meter, where the first and second in-plane axes are orthogonal. Preferred Method: The carbon nanolayer has a thickness of not greater than 50 nm; and a morphology comprising graphite platelets embedded in nano-crystalline carbon. The method further involves: transferring the grid and the transparent carbon nanolayer from the first substrate to a second substrate. The first substrate comprises a transparent flexible film; and a release liner. The second substrate comprises a transparent flexible film. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thin film is coated with titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, and stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bi-component membrane is an oleophobic expanded PTFE membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The easily adhesive agent contains 0.1-20 pts. wt. compound (B) with respect to 100 pts. wt. copolymer (A). The compound (C) is block forming polyisocyanate (C1). The compound (B) has 2 or more (meth)acryloyl groups in a molecule. The sealing agent contains organic peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing agent is fast curing type ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The supporting part is formed from a glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The buffer part is formed from a polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - copolymer is polyimide and polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The back electrode layer is made of molybdenum nitride, titanium nitride or tantalum nitride. The front electrode layer is made of aluminum-endowed zinc oxide or indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The collecting conductor is made of metal selected from aluminum, silver or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing element is made of moisture-sealing polymers selected from elastomer, poly-isobutylene, poly-isobutylene isoprene, polysulfide, polyurethane and silicone. An interfacial layer between the substrate and back or front electrode layer is formed from thermoplastic material such as polyvinyl butyral or ethylene-vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sub-element is made of polypropylene, polymethacrylimide, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, expanded perlite, polyetheretherketone, styrene-based material, foam glass, glass wool, a rock wool-based material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ions of multivalent ion pairs comprise chromium ions, sulfur ions, iron ions, bromine ions, tin ions, antimony ions, titanium ions, copper ions, cerium ions, magnesium ions, and/or vanadium ions. The supporting electrolyte comprises sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, LiClO4, LiNO3, LiBF4, LiPF6, (C2H5)4NPF6), (C2H5)4N(BF4), (C2H5)3(CH3)N(PF6), and/or (C2H5)3(CH3)N(BF4). The solvent comprises water, alcohol, ketone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, sulfolane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, and/or dimethylformamide. The active material that produces a redox-reaction with the active electrolyte comprises a conductive polymer or a proton-inserted metallic oxide, and the conductive polymer or the proton-inserted metallic oxide is disposed on a conductive substrate. The conductive polymer comprises polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyacetylene, poly(phenylene vinylene), or their derivative, polymer, or copolymer. The proton-inserted metallic oxide comprises tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxide, and/or manganese oxide. The material of the conductive substrate comprises platinum, gold, silver, and/or titanium, or their alloy. The carbon material comprises activated carbon, graphite carbon, carbon cloth, and/or carbon felt. The material of the conductive substrate comprises platinum, gold, silver, and/or titanium, or their alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt comprises: a metal oxide; a metal nitrate; a metal acetate; a metal ion formed from cobalt, cerium, strontium, iron, samaria and/or lanthanum; or cobalt(II) nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant comprises a block copolymer, preferably poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol). EXAMPLE - 0.6 g Pluronic P123 (RTM: Poly(ethylene glycol)20-poly(propylene glycol)70-poly(ethylene glycol)20) was dissolved in 13 ml ethanol and 2 ml water inside a 50 ml beaker. Then, 1 g urea and 2 mmol iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate were added. After ultrasonicating at room temperature for 15 minutes to dissolve the chemicals, the homogeneous solution was dried naturally at room temperature for solvent evaporation. After two days aging, calcination was carried out in air by slowly increasing temperature from room temperature to 120 degrees C (1 degrees C per minute ramping rate). After holding at 120 degrees C for 3 hours, the sample was then heated to 450 degrees C and then held at 450 degrees C for 5 hours to obtain porous ferric oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second layer of the protective shell comprises diamond-like carbon layer or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first layer of the protective shell comprises polymer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The element is manufactured from polyamide (PA) such as PA66.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulant layer is selected from a group consist of poly vinyl butyral, ionomers, ethylene vinyl acetate, poly vinyl acetal, polyurethane, poly vinyl chloride, polyolefin, polyolefin block elastomers, ethylene acrylate ester copolymers, ethylene copolymers, silicone elastomers and chlorosulfonated polyethylene. The porous wire mounting layer is selected from a group consist of polymeric fibers, cross-linked ethylene vinyl acetate polymer and cured polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron-acceptor organic material is a fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electron-donating polymeric material includes the conjugated polymer material which has thiophene ring structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The colloidal silica surface is modified with the compound having both (meth)acryloyl group and hydrolyzable silicon group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of unsaturated monomers (a-1), (a-2) and (a-3) in copolymer is 1-25 pts. wt., 1-25 pts. wt. and 50-98 pts. wt., respectively. The unsaturated monomer (a-3) is of formula: CH2=C(R1)COOR2. The functional group is isocyanate group, epoxy group, acid-anhydride group and/or alkoxy silyl group. The urethane (meth)acrylate is obtained by reacting diol which has alicyclic structure, lactone, polyisocyanate, and hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate. The diol is tricyclodecane dimethanol.R1=H, methyl, or ethyl;andR2=optionally substituted polycycloalkyl, 6-20C linear or branched alkyl or 8-30C group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The coating material is applied on a polycarbonate film having thickness of 100 mu m to 5 mu m thickness, and has pencil hardness of more than B and below HB measured by 1 kg load after heating and curing. The coating material further comprises colloidal silica particles having volume average particle diameter of 200 nm or less as inorganic oxide fine particles. The mass ratio of coating material used for forming lower layer and coating material for forming hard-coat layer is 10/90-92/8. The coating material for hard-coat layer formation contains sliding agent or leveling agent which has the polydimethylsiloxane structure. The resin base material is made of polycarbonate, polyester and/or (meth)acrylic resin, and has thickness of 500 mu m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The connector portions are selected from group consisting of stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, nickel-free alloyed stainless steel, antistatic thermoplastic, polyamide (PA). The electrical isolating cover device is made of polyamide, resilient or elastic material, thermoplastic elastomer, or thermoplastic. The inner conductive layer of wall of conduit section is made of conductive fluoropolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, perfluoro ethylene propylene plastic, polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene hexadecimal fluorine propylene copolymer, perfluoro alkoxy alkane or polyphenylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zones are parallely connected to one another. The electrodes are related to the power supply through a hole-T provided at the end of each blade.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises: arranging the conductive layers of formulation of the conductive polymer at different depths in the composite materials; and impregnating a fabric with a formulation based on an electrically conductive polymer. Preferred Components: The conductive layer of formulation based conductive polymer is incorporated into the composite materials and disposed in a gel-coat finish. The conductive polymer is a family of doped polyaniline obtained by oxidizing a polyaniline with substituted dicarbonyl compounds of formula (R1a-C(=O)R-C(=O)-R1) (A) to obtain a polyaniline polymer of formula (I).R = water-soluble radical, with a surfactant character comprising -(NH-(CH2)x-NH)n1-, -O-(CH2CH2O)n-, -O-(CH2-O)n- or -O-CH2-CH(-CH2-O);R1a = an alkane combined with an acid group of formula (CH2-RO), or at least one aromatic ring containing one more acid groups, of formula (a);R1 = SO3H, PO3H2 or COOH;R2 = H, OH, CH3(CH2)x1, NO2, SO3H, Cl or Br;R3, R4 = H, OH, SO3H, Cl or Br;x = 1-5;n1 = 1-20;n = 1-20, preferably 1-14; andx1 = 0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 19 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. 2-cyano-3-(4-(4-dodecylphenyl)-1H,2H,3H,3aH,4H,8bH-cyclopenta(b)indol-7-yl)prop-2-enoic acid of formula (IA), 3-(1-(4-butylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid, 3-(1-(4-(butylsulfanyl)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl)-2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid, 2-cyano-3-(9-(4-hexylphenyl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-6-yl)prop-2-enoic acid, and 2-cyano-3-(9-dodecyl-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-6-yl)prop-2-enoic acid.    EXAMPLE - A semiconductor electrode was prepared using 2 g P-25 (RTM: titanium oxide), 0.2 g acetylacetone, 0.3 g Triton X-100 (RTM: surfactant), 6.5 g water, 0.2 ml concentrated nitric acid, 0.4 ml ethanol, and 1.2 g polyethylene glycol. The semiconductor electrode was sensitized using 2-cyano-3-(4-(4-dodecylphenyl)-1H,2H,3H,3aH,4H,8bH-cyclopenta(b)indol-7-yl)prop-2-enoic acid. A solar cell obtained using the sensitized semiconductor electrode had an open circuit voltage of 0.66 V, a short-circuit current density of 9.43 mA/cm2, a form factor of 0.68, and a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.23%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The composite layer is manufactured by using oxygen, silicon, and phosphonium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The film layers (A), (B) and (C) comprises titanium dioxide. The thickness of layer (A), layer (B) and layer (C) is 20-80 nm, 5-20 nm and 60-100 nm, respectively. The refractive index of layer (A), layer (B) and layer (C) at 600 nm is 2.5-2.9, 2-4 and 1.5-2, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (A) comprises reacting fluorocarbon alcohol with hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene to obtain alcohol compound of formula (Rf1-OH) as intermediate product, and carrying out fluorination reaction on the intermediate product with hydrogen fluoride. Preferred Components: (I) is present in an amount of 1-15 (preferably 2-5) mass%. The lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(oxalate)borate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium (trifluoromethyl)trifluoroborate, lithium methanesulfonate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium fluoroalkylphosphate, lithium pentafluoroethyltrifluoro borate, lithium chloride, lithium iodide and lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methane. The solvent comprises a non-fluorine type solvent and fluorocarbon surface active agent. The lithium ion has a concentration of 0.5-2 mole/l. Preferred Definitions:    Rf1 = H(CF2CF2)n1CH2-, F(CF2CF2)n2CH2CH2- or CF3CF2CF2O(CF(CF3)CF2O)n3CF(CF3)CH2-; and    n1-n3 = 1-15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indium tin oxide target is prepared by mixing 5-20 mass% tin oxide and 80-95 mass% indium oxide, adding water-soluble epoxy resin dissolved in 5-30 wt.% pure water, mixing, adding 0.1-3 wt.% dispersant, stirring, ball milling for 12-48 hours using a zirconium oxide ball having a diameter of 5-20 mu m to obtain mixture having solid content of 40-60%, adding 9-15 wt.% slurry curing agent, degassing in the presence of 0.1-1.5 vol.% n-butanol for 5-30 minutes, stirring, vacuumizing, casting at 20-80 degrees C for 0.5-20 hours, curing at 20-100 degrees C for 12-48 hours, drying, degreasing at 300-600 degrees C for 1-5 hours, densification process at 1450-1700 degrees C for 6-24 hours with a temperature gradient of 50-100 degrees C/hour, cooling to 600 degrees C with a temperature gradient of 100-200 degrees C/hour, and cooling to 100 degrees C with a temperature gradient of 100-200 degrees C/hour. The tin oxide or indium oxide has a size of 0.2-2 mu m and purity of not less than 99.99%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is polyacrylic acid ammonium having molecular weight of 400-12000. The slurry curing agent is propylene triamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene and/or pentamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble epoxy resin is hydantoin epoxy resin, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, polyglycerol and/or sorbitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanoparticles are carbon, graphite, titania, silica, alumina and zinc oxide, and have average particle diameter of 10-1000 nm. The average pore size of the micropores is 0.5-500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combined polyether further comprises 1-4 wt.% white flakes having a particle a particle size of 20-40 mesh. The polyether has a viscosity of 320 mPa-second and average functionality of 4. The catalytic agent comprises tertiary amine catalyst and potassium oleate having a weight ratio of 4:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conversion material contains erbium doped sodium yttrium fluoride, erbium doped lithium yttrium fluoride, ytterbium/praseodymium doped sodium yttrium fluoride, europium doped sodium yttrium fluoride or ytterbium/terbium doped gadolinium aluminum borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic peroxide is bis(2-ethylhexyl)peroxydicarbonate, dicumyl peroxide or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane. The UV stabilizer is poly(1-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidylsuccinate) or bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl sebacate. The UV absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy-benzophenone or 2-(2H-benzothiazol-2-yl)-6-(dodecyl)-4-methylphenol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyoxyethylene has melt index of 5-30 g/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A support structure is made from stainless steel and includes a steel base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is selected from group consisting of glass, quartz, silicon, ceramic, rubber, polymer and wood.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) further comprises zinc oxide. The glass frit is lead-free or has a lead oxide content of less than 0.5 wt.%. The composition comprises metal (60-95 wt.%), antimony oxide (0.2-2 wt.%), and metal additives and metal oxide additives (0.2-5 wt.%) including antimony oxide. The composition comprises at least one glass frit comprising bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) (50-85, preferably 55-85 wt.%), antimony oxide (Sb2O3) (0-10 wt.%), silicon dioxide (SiO2) (0-10 wt.%), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (0-7, preferably 2-6.5 wt.%), zinc oxide (ZnO) (3-10 wt.%), lithium oxide (Li2O) (0-10 wt.%), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) (0-8 wt.%), boron monoxide (B2O) (0-10 wt.%), indium oxide (In2O3) (0-10 wt.%), tellurium monoxide (TeO) (2-15 wt.%) and magnesium oxide (MgO) (0-10 wt.%). The composition comprises at least one additive selected from a) metal selected from Zn, Ti, Sn, Ru, Co, In, Ag, Bi, Sb, and Mg; b) metal oxide selected from Zn, Sn, Sb, Ru, and Co; and/or c) any compound that can generate the metal oxides upon firing. The electrically conductive metal comprises silver. Preferred Method: The thick-film composition is applied pattern-wise onto the insulating film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic medium comprises a polymer; and at least one further additive selected from solvents, stabilizers, surfactants, and thickeners. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The injection molding mass is thermoplastic resin or liquid crystal polymer (LCP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filler contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer including polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is organic solvent with greater than or equal to 100 degrees C boiling point or organic solvent with greater than or equal to 180 degrees C boiling point.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The alkylene oxide structural unit (b2) contains ethylene oxide structural unit and propylene oxide structural unit. The siloxane resin is silsesquioxane resin of formulae -(Si(R6R7)O3/2)- and -(Si(R8R9)O3/2)- which consists only of structural unit of formula (a1).R6,R8=single bond or 1-5C alkylene group;R7,R9=aryl group; andm divide by n=1:99-99:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer layer consists of: polyesters such as polyethyleneterephthalate, polyethylene naphtalate, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, poly(ethylene adipate), polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polyhydroxyalkanoate; halogenated polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, poly ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, perfluoropolyether, polyvinylidene chloride and polychloroprene; vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate; acrylic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate), ethylene-ethyl acrylate and ethylene-methyl acrylate; polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylpentene and polyisobutylene; polyamide; polyimide; polycarbonate; cellulose-based polymers such as hydrates or cellulose nitrate; or epoxide polymers. The adhesion layer comprises polyvinyl butyral, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, polyurethane, poly(methyl methacrylate) or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The case is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material comprises a graphite, zeolite or ion exchange resin containing a tethered or immobilized bromine/polybromide complexing agent. The quaternary ammonium groups comprise benzyl trimethyl ammonium groups. Preferred Method: The flow battery is operated in a charging mode. The material capable of reversibly complexing bromine removes bromine from at least one inlet or outlet stream.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion exchange resin comprises: a tethered or immobilized pyrrolidinium or morpholinium salt; a quaternary ammonium anion exchange resin; and a styrene divinylbenzene copolymer with quaternary ammonium groups attached to the polystyrene polymer chains.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The activated carbon or carbonaceous material is derived from coconut shell, babassu nut shell, Macadamia nut shell, dende nut shell, walnut shell, peach pit, cherry pit, olive pit, and nut shells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises alkali metal salt, amine salts, tetraalkylammonium salts, tetraalkylphosphonium salts, an aqueous electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution and an inorganic acid, sulfuric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, an inorganic base, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or inorganic salts. The energy storage device further comprises a separator membrane, a symmetric electrochemical double layer capacitor and/or an asymmetric electrochemical double layer capacitor. The activated carbon preparing method utilizes activating gas chosen from steam or carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte further comprises an organic solvent selected from propylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, sulfolane and/or nitromethane acetonitrile and water. The activated carbon or carbonaceous material is derived from coal, wood, petroleum and petroleum products, polymers and/or resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative active material includes lithium. The inorganic material is chosen from silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, titanium-aluminum oxide and silicon oxynitride. The thin-film battery further has secondary surface treatment layer including calcium oxide, magnesium oxide or calcium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary surface treatment layer contains inorganic material, or organic material chosen from xylene resin, diazo resin, azide resin, acrylic resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, epoxide resin, polyether resin, urethane resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, urea resin and isocyanate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electroconductive film is formed of titanium carbo-nitride and titanium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is formed of aluminum, aluminum alloy and stainless steel. The catalyst layer is formed of conductive carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ceramic insulation materials comprise particulates of titanium oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is formed of material including polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), glass fiber, and liquid crystal polymer. The holes of the substrate are filled with polymer adhesive, which is selected from the group consisting of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride co hexafluoropropylene (PVDFHFP), Polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE), acrylic acid glue, epoxy resin, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyimide (PI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat conductive filler contains the compound selected from aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, and aluminum nitride, and group consists of boron nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermally conductive metal sheet includes a sheet of aluminum or copper. The thermally conductive particles include alumina, zinc oxide and another thermally conductive electrically insulating material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The top layer comprises a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene vinyl acetate, modified PVDF and fluorinated polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite layer comprises polyvinylidene difluoride and ester polymer. The ester polymer is polymethyl methyl acrylate, polyethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer and copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangement: The reactor is provided with a jacket, a feeding port, a discharge port, an overflow port, a stirrer, and a pH meter, and is a stainless steel reactor capable of continuous discharge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The iron source is ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and/or ferric citrate. The phosphorus source is phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and/or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The dopant metal ion compound is cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate, zinc nitrate, ammonium molybdate, ammonium tungstate, ammonium titanate, strontium nitrate, nickel nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and/or zirconium nitrate. The lithium source is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium oxalate, and/or lithium sulfate. The lithium source is added as aqueous solution or powder. The alkaline compound of alkaline solution is ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or aqueous ammonia. The inert gas is high-purity nitrogen, high-purity argon gas, or mixed gas of high-purity hydrogen (2 vol.%) and argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The carbon source is acetylene black, conductive graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, sucrose, glucose, fructose, citric acid, pentaerythritol, vitamin C, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and/or polyether. The dispersing agent is sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfonate, alkylphenol ethoxylate 10, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sucrose ester, fatty acid sorbitan, polysorbate, poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinyl alcohol, methyl pentanol, cellulose derivative, and/or fatty acid polyglycol ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bivalent iron salt is ferrous sulfate or ferrous sulfate. The lithium salt is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate or lithium nitrate. The reducing agent is graphitic carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reducing agent is polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat-conducting insulating filler includes the boron nitroide, silicon nitride and boron carbide or silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat-conducting composite EVA back glue film includes the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer granular material and silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal of the metal oxide structure is titanium, copper, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, yttrium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, scandium, samarium and/or gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains low-volatility organic solvent(s) chosen from methoxypropionitrile, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gaskets are made of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The degradation of degradable membrane is initiated by decomposing agent introduced as gas into vacuum or portion of resin. Preferred Composition: The resin comprises unsaturated polyester material and solvent, or styrene, or acrylate, methacrylate and diluent. The degradable material comprises synthetic plastic material which is dissolvable into solvent-containing resin, or material containing polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive fibers comprise carbon fibers and/or metal fibers and/or glass or plastic fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrodes are made of a material such as copper, aluminum, tin, zinc, gold, platinum, palladium, silver, mercury, tungsten, chromium, manganese, lead, carbon or metal alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating element is made of an epoxide,a polymer, a laminate, plastic, a thermoplastic, a film or a thermoplastic embossed film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Acetic acid block sealing material is polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The colored layer dyes the synthetic resin film using disperse dye chosen from azo-type, nitrophenylamine group, quinophthalone type, and anthraquinone type.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water vapor barrier layer is provided in the surface of the base material sheet. The solar cell module back sheet further contains weather-resistant layer. Preferred Process: The reflection layer and colored layer are laminated on one surface side of the base film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Manufacture of polyester chip involves adding 50 wt.% PAO when intrinsic viscosity of polyester is less than or equal to 0.4 dl/g and performing solid state polymerization to make intrinsic viscosity of polyester greater than or equal to 0.05 dl/g after making polyester in chip form. Preferred Conditions: Vacuum degree of polycondensation reaction system before addition of PAO is less than or equal to 0.15 kPa. Vacuum degree of polycondensation reaction system after PAO addition is less than or equal to 80 kPa. Preferred Compositions: Polyester chip contains less than or equal to 0.5 wt.% oligomer. Preferred Parameters: Polyester chip has intrinsic viscosity of 0.7-0.85 dl/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Flame retardant is halogenated-type flame retardant, e.g. tetrabromobisphenol A (derivatives), tetrabromobisphenol S (derivatives), ethylenebispentabromo diphenyl (derivatives), tris(bromoneopentyl) phosphate (derivatives), ethylenebistetrabromo phthalimide (derivatives), and/or triaryl isocyanurate (derivatives), and/or non-halogenated-type flame retardant, e.g. phosphate compound (derivatives), metal hydroxide, sulfuric acid melamine, red phosphorus, and/or alkoxyimino-group-hindered amine-type compound (derivatives). Resin layer contains resin which has flame-resistant adjuvant, e.g. antimony trioxide, zinc borate, polytetrafluoroethylene, metal oxide, and/or silicon dioxide. Resin is polyolefin containing polypropylene. Resin layer is laminated, and laminated resin layer contains resin which has rutile-type titanium dioxide, UV absorber, and/or optical stabilizer. Laminated resin layer contains reinforcing layer consisting of nonwoven fabric or stretched sheet. Reinforcing layer contains resin consisting of UV absorber and/or optical stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidizing agent is CuCl2, FeCl3, FeBr3, I2, POBr3, GeCl4, SbI3, Br2, SbF5, SbCl5, TiCl4, POCl3, SO2Cl2, CrO2Cl2, S2Cl, O(CH3)3SbCl6, VCl4, VOCl3, BF3, (CH3(CH2)3)2O.BF3, (C2H5)3O(BF4), or BF3.O(C2H5)2 (preferably FeCl3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monomer species is a compound comprising an aryl or heteroaryl group, which are optionally substituted (preferably optionally substituted heteroaryl). The heteroaryl group is an optionally substituted thiophene. The reducing agent is an alcohol, a base, or water (preferably methanol, ethanol, ammonia, or water). The electron-accepting material is a fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The vapor is contacted with a surface of a flexible substrate or a glass substrate. The semiconducting polymer/electron-donating polymer is arranged in a photovoltaic cell, or a light-emitting diode. Preferred Components: The surface comprises an electrode material (preferably indium-tin oxide (IIO); and further comprises a second semiconducting material. The semiconducting polymer is a conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer is a polyacetylene, polyarylene, polyarylene vinylene or polyarylene ethynylene, which are optionally substituted, (preferably optionally substituted polyphenylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyaniline or polyacetylene, especially unsubstituted polythiophene). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating layer comprises SiOx, zinc sulfide (ZnS), MgFx, SiNx, SiCNx, AlOx (x not defined), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The first metal of fingers comprises silver or copper, second metal of busbar comprises copper or silver, and third metal of busbar comprises solder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicone composition comprises organopolysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic barrier layer contains silica oxide, silicon nitride and/or silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic layer has an aromatic group. Preferred Process: The polymeric composition of organic layer containing polymeric compound of formula (III) is hardened. At least two organic layers and at least two inorganic barrier layers are laminated alternately, to form barrier laminate.R1=substituent, at least one of R1 is polymeric group;andn=0-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: In the solar cell module: a content ratio of the silica to the siloxane is 80:20 to 95:5; a thickness of second antireflection is less than or equal to 10% of a total thickness of the first antireflection film and the second antireflection film; a void ratio at an interface between the first antireflection film and the light-transmitting member is larger than a void ratio at an interface between the first antireflection film and the second antireflection film; the second antireflection film includes the voids, where a void ratio of the second antireflection film is smaller than a void ratio at an interface between the first and second antireflection films; when an average refractive index of the first and second antireflection films is n, a total thickness of the first and second antireflection films is d, and an average wavelength of rays of light incident on the solar cells is lambda , then the product of 2, n and d (2 x n x d) is half of wavelength ( lambda /2); the total thickness of the first and second antireflection films is 100-200 nm; the second antireflection film has a surface roughness of less than or equal to 2.5 nm; and each of the first antireflection film and the second antireflection film has a siloxane bond. Preferred Method: In the method: the rapid heat treatment is conducted by a plasma torch method or a heat treatment using a laser or a flashlamp; and the voids are formed in the second antireflection film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardenable functional group is chosen from hydroxyl group (excluding carboxyl group), carboxyl group, amino group, cyano group, and silyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating material contains 1-60 %mass acrylic polymer with respect to total amount of hardenable functional group of fluorine-containing polymer and acrylic polymer. The base material sheet is sheet consisting of polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), and polyimide (PI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary layer of the multi-layer thermal barrier comprises a closed cell foam material consisting of a material chosen from polyurethane, polyethylene and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) foam. The secondary layer of the multi-layer thermal barrier comprises a material chosen from silica/calcium oxide fibers, silica/calcium oxide/magnesium oxide fibers, basalt fiber-based needled pad, silica/silica fibers, alumina, Kevlar (RTM: para-aramid synthetic fiber) and Nomex (RTM: flame-resistant meta-aramid material). The multi-layer thermal barrier further comprises a moisture barrier layer which is fabricated using a plastic material, preferably low-density polyethylene (LDPE) thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conducting layer is provided with surface finish layer selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), Ag/gold (Au), nickel (Ni)/Au, Ni/palladium (Pd)/Au. The contact point is a bump chosen from Au, copper (Cu), Ag, aluminum (Al), tin (Sn).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filling material is selected from precious metals, transition metals, monetary metals or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The filling material and transparent package bulk are selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate, silica resin, polystyrene poly methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, polyethylene, silicone resin, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide or their compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The passivation layer and insulation layer comprise different materials, optionally where the insulation layer comprises a thermosetting resin. The passivation layer comprises a silicon nitride, a silicon oxide or their mixture. The conductive connection layer is made of a solder material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hollow body of the cell connector is made of plastic material selected from a group of polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, fluorinated polymer, silicone and elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Viscosity of PE is 0.1-20 times the viscosity of EVA in Pa.s. The melt flow rate according to JIS K7210 of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 1-50 g/10 minutes. Preferred Process: Sea-island structure is obtained by mixing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene at shear rate of 10-1500 s-1. Preferred Conditions: The temperature at which the viscosity of the composition is 30000 Pa.s is 70-100 degrees C, and the temperature difference at viscosity of 20000-50000 Pa.s is greater than or equal to 5 degrees C. Mixing process is performed at 70-130 degrees C. Preferred Components: Polyethylene is low density polyethylene and/or linear low-density polyethylene. Vinyl acetate content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-40 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The charge transport medium comprises an electrolyte comprising a single electron redox couple. The single electron redox couple is selected from inorganic metal complexes or organic molecules, metal complexes, preferably ferrocene complexes, cobalt complexes, organic molecules thiolates, and (2,2,6,6- tetramethyl- 1-piperidyloxy), 2,2'7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'- spirobifluorene, hole-transporting materials, hole-conductive polymer, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The metal oxide layer comprises preferably gallium oxide, more preferably gallium trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (a1) is aliphatic cyclic structure-containing polyol (a1-1) having molecular weight of 100-300, preferably 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol. The component (a2) is isophorone diisocyanate, dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate or norbornane diisocyanate. The component (a3) is hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate. The component (C) is hydroxyl group-containing monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The molecular weight of polyether structure of component (B) is 350 or more. Preferred Composition: The content of component (B) is 10-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of component (A). The component (A) is obtained by reacting aliphatic cyclic structure-containing polyol (a1) aliphatic cyclic structure containing alkylene group or linear alkylene-containing polyisocyanate (a2) and active hydrogen-containing (meth)acrylate (a3). The reinforcing fiber material (D) is glass fiber or carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating step is carried out at a temperature of 130-190 degrees C for 30-120 minutes. Preferred Components: In the first mixture, the amount of the solid organic ammonium salt is 60-95 (preferably 80-90) pts. wt., and the amount of the organic compound is 5-40 (preferably 10-20) pts. wt. In the second mixture, the amount of the solution is 45-100 pts. wt., the amount of the biomass is 3-40 pts. wt., and the amount of the acid catalyst is 1-15 pts. wt. The solid organic ammonium salt is of formula (R4N +R1R3R2)(Y1 -) (I), preferably cycloalkyltrialkylammonium, aryltrialkylammonium, alkaryltrialkylammonium, alkenyltrialkylammonium or tetraalkylammonium, tetramethylammonium chloride, allyltrimethylammonium chloride, methyltriethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride or choline chloride. The organic compound comprises: a hydroxyl containing compound comprising an alcoholic compound of formula (R5CHOH((CH 2) nCHOH) mR6) (II), preferably butanol, ethylene glycol, 1,3 propylene glycol, allyl alcohol, cyclohexanol or phenylmethanol; a glycol compound of formula (HO(CH 2CH 2O) pH) (III), preferably diglycol; or a phenolic compound comprising phenol, cresol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid or dihydroxybenzene. The organic compound is a combination of (II) and the phenolic compound, preferably a combination of glycerol and the phenol. The weight ratio of (II) to the phenolic compound is 1:1-1:9.R1-R4=alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl (optionally substituted by -OH, -Cl, -Br, -I or -CN) or H;Y1=F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO -3-, HSO -4, BF -4, CN -, SO 3CF -3- or COOCF 3;R5, R6=H, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or alkaryl;n=0-2;m=0-3; andp=2-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The palladium-containing catalyst is palladium(II) acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer (m1) is of formula (I)-(IV). The monomer (m2) is of formula (V)-(VIII), or X-Ar'-X' (IX) or -(X-R)n- (X).A=group of formula (xi)-(xiv);B'=group of formula (xv)-(xix);n=30-500;Y,Y'=S, O or N;R,R'=1-6C alkyl;R"=phenyl;X,X'=Br, Cl or I;m=1-4;Z=Si, C or N;andAr'=benzene.X and X' connected with Ar' are connected to 1,3-position or 1,4-position of Ar'. N.B: A and B' are defined, but does not appear in any other structure or group. Preferred Process: The monomer (m1) is reacted with monomer (m2) in presence of N,N-dimethylformamide, potassium acetate or tetrabutylammonium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer has band gap of 0.8-1.8 eV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic filler is oxide nanopowder of titanium, aluminum, tin or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The functional auxiliary agent is antioxidant, antiaging agent, and/or light stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The first weather-proof and second weather-proof materials are selected from ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene polymer or polyvinylidene fluoride. Each of the first transition layer, the second transition layer, and the third transition layer comprises 50-80 wt.% polyacrylate polymer, 0-30 wt.% fluororesin, 10-20 wt.% inorganic filler, and 0-2 wt.% functional auxiliary agent. The base material is polyethylene terephthalate film (PET), polybutylene terephthalate film (PBT), or blend film of PET and PBT, and has thickness of 50-250 micro m. The adhesive is polyurethane adhesive, epoxy adhesive or acrylic acid glue. The adhesive layer has a thickness of 2-25 micro m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The dispersant is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, or polyvinyl alcohol. The conductive adhesive is phenolic resin, epoxy resin, or asphalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is cleaned by acetone, isopropyl alcohol, hydrofluoric acid or nitric acid solution. The zinc-oxide nano-rod is placed in acetate, monoethanol amine, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, hexamethylene tetramine solution, potassium hydroxide, acidic or alkaline solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of conductive corrosion-resistance metal/metal oxide network, and hydrophobic agent and binder material is 1-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic adhesive is polyvinylidene fluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene. The organic solvent used during preparation of gas diffusion layer is acetone or N,N-dimethyl formamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic synthetic fiber cloth is polyester fiber, polyolefin fiber, polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber or polyvinyl alcohol fiber. Preferred Properties: The organic synthetic fiber cloth has porosity of 30-90% and thickness of 50-500 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The air pressure value of safety device is controlled through silicon oil layer, silicone grease layer and vaseline layer. The catalyst carrier of the catalytic valve is selected from active carbon, aluminum oxide, carbon foam, graphite felt or porous ceramic. The inner filter layer of the air pressure safety device is formed using active carbon containing alkali material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The catalyst is selected from polyphenylene ether oxide or polyphenylene sulfide. The anti-explosion sheet is made of PTFE, polypropylene or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The redox type compound is iodine-based redox type compound, bromine type redox type compound, and/or quinine-based redox type compound. The iodine-based redox type compound is n-methylimidazolium iodide, n-ethylimidazolium iodide, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-isopropyl iodide, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-isobutylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-2-s-butylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-isopentylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium iodide, 1-methyl-3-isohexylimidazolium iodide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-3-isopropyl iodide, and/or 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cyclodextrin-based material is alpha -cyclodextrin, beta -cyclodextrin, gamma -cyclodextrin, and/or their derivatives. The content of cyclodextrin-based material is 1-15 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The blister is a clear plastic material such as film or sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electrochemical device further comprises: an anode (220) comprising as an anode active material, a metal having a potential lower than an oxygen oxidation-reduction potential of the cathode, and an electrolyte (230) interposed between the cathode and the anode, where the electrochemical device is closed from the outside environment; or the cathode, the anode comprising a metal as an anode active material, and the electrolyte interposed between cathode and anode, where the member is an oxygen supplying member (240) that is located close to the cathode or to a member having an equipotential surface with respect to the cathode to supply oxygen to the cathode and absorb oxygen generated at the cathode. The oxygen supplying member is a polymer gel comprising the polyalkylene imine-cobalt complex and an ionic liquid compatible with the polyalkylene imine-cobalt complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyalkylene imine in the polyalkylene imine-cobalt complex is polyethyleneimine. The polyalkylene imine-cobalt complex in the backbone is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent. The electrode material is carbon, or a carbon-supported catalyst. The member is cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte comprises the polymer gel. The polymer gel further comprises a salt of a metal as an anode active material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hydrophobic material comprises tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of silicone and rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flexible and/or a rigid material is polyethylene terephthalate and/or glass. The organic photoactive layer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester or poly((9-(1-octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The organic hole transport layer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high work function metal is indium-tin-oxide. The low work function metal is aluminum (preferred), calcium, magnesium or titanium dioxide. The electron acceptor is: fullerene, a functionalized fullerene, carbon, iodine or potassium iodide; and present at 2-15 wt.% of the polymer. The second electrode of a low function metal is coated on a transparent substrate, which is applied on the film. Preferred Method: In the method, a low function metal is coated on a second glass substrate which is applied on the film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-conjugated polymer is poly( beta -pinene). The non-conjugated conductive polymer film is a styrene-butadiene-rubber copolymer, cis-polyisoprene, polynorbornene, polyalloocimene or poly( beta -pinene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite sheets are stacked at top and bottom sides of an inner layer portion, which is formed of carbon fibers, so that the composite sheets at the top and bottom sides form outer layer portions which cover the carbon fibers. The heat-conductive filler: comprises at least one graphite, carbon black, boron nitride, silicon carbide or aluminum nitride; and is filled in an amount of 40-60 wt.% with respect to the total weight of the composite sheet. The composite sheet has a thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of greater than or equal to 5 W/mK by the heat-conductive filler. In the battery cell module, the edge portion of the heat dissipation plate projects 10-20 mm from both ends of the cell. The carbon fibers are: fed through a spreader to be uniformly distributed and arranged in to have the same width as the two composite sheets; pitch-based carbon fibers; and surface-treated using ammonia plasma or oxygen plasma.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix resin comprises: at least one polypropylene, polyamide, polycarbonate or polyphenylene sulfide; and a thermoplastic elastomer resin. The thermoplastic elastomer resin comprises one of thermoplastic polyurethane or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon-metal alloy comprises metals selected from calcium, scandium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, barium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum and lanthanoids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The silicon-metal alloy is selected from silicon-titanium-nickel alloy, silicon-iron-aluminum alloy, silicon-manganese-aluminum alloy, silicon-iron-titanium alloy, siliocn-iron-manganese alloy, or silicon-aluminum-nickel alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The structural unit which does not have the axis of symmetry is a structural unit which has structure of formula (IV). The high molecular compound further contains structural unit of formula (V) or repeating unit of formula (XI). Number of structural unit of ratios which do not have the axis of symmetry that high molecular compound includes are greater than or equal to 50% with respect to total number of structural unit which the high molecular compound contains. The high molecular compound includes greater than or equal to 1 linkages chosen from the group which consists of linkage of formulae (VII)-(X). Ratios of total of number of linkages in group of formulae (VII)-(X) is greater than or equal to 50% with respect to total number of linkage of structural unit which does not have axis of symmetry. Number average molecular weight of polystyrene conversion is 103-108.R1-R4,R'=H or substituent in which greater than or equal to 1 of R1 and R2 includes the structure of formula (I) and greater than or equal to 1 of R3 and R4 includes the structure of formula (VI);X=-Si(R')2-, -N(R')-, -O-, -S- or -Se-;R5=group of formula (XII); andR6-R8=aryl group which may have alkyl group that may have H or substituent. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=group which consists of structure of formula (I);    R3,R4=group which consists of structure of formula (VI); and    R1-R4=alkyl which may have H or substituent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of cyanate/hydroxyl in the resin system is 1.5:1-1:10. The polyisocyanate has an average functionality of greater than or equal to 2. The molar amount of compound (a) relative to the molar amount of compound (e) is 10:1-1:10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin system further comprises: fibrous reinforcement; and a rubber, which (i) is soluble in the mixture of (a) and (b), (ii) contains functional groups of which at least a part are upon curing of the composition, able to react with at least (a), (b) and/or (c) and (iii) is upon curing of the composition, phase separated from the cured composition. Preferred Composition: The resin composition further comprises a hydroxyl functional saturated polyester resin comprising cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid building blocks as saturated dicarboxylic acid building blocks and having a hydroxyl value of 40-150. The fibers are glass fibers. Preferred Process: The impregnation step is performed via vacuum infusion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The pendant group comprises fluorine-containing structure portion of formula: -(CF2)n-COOM (I).n=1-20;andM=H, metal or ammonium.Preferred Component: The secondary battery in which polymer is arranged such that polymer contacts electrolyte or positive electrode active material, or is taken into the electrolyte. The secondary battery in which polymer exists in the surface of the positive electrode active material. The electrolyte is non-aqueous electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermal-insulation elements are integrally molded by a synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluorine resin layer has porosity of 6-38%. The color pigment is titanium dioxide or carbon black. The volume concentration of titanium dioxide and carbon black with respect to the volume of the fluorine resin layer is 15-24 volume% and 2-4 volume%, respectively. The wetting tension in the surface of the fluorine resin layer is 50 mN/m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The expansion element is selected from material consisting of styrene butadiene rubber, polychloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, polysulfide rubber, silicone rubber, fluoro rubber, urethane rubber, acryl rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The junction box portions are formed of insulative plastic selected from polyester terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and poly trimethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The vessel is made of aluminum. The case is made of polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The device has non-aqueous mixed solvent chosen from a group of cyclic carbonate, cyclic ester and cyclic ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device has adhesive selected from a group of acrylic resin, butyl rubber and silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is mixture of inorganic base and organic palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. The inorganic base is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium bichloride, tetra-triphenylphosphine palladium or tri-bi-benzalacetone bipalladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The 2,7-carbazole-and-dithienyl thiazole benzothiazole copolymer (I) is prepared by adding thiazole-containing compound of formula (II) and carbazole-containing compound of formula (III) to organic solvent containing catalyst under oxygen-free environment, such that the mole ratio of thiazole-containing compound (II) and carbazole-containing compound (III) is 1:1-1.2, heating for Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, stopping reaction after cooling to predetermined temperature, adding methyl alcohol to obtained solution for precipitation, extracting by Soxhlet extractor using methyl alcohol and n-hexane and further extracting using chloroform, collecting chloroform solution and rotary-drying to obtain red powder, collecting red powder and vacuum drying. Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of thiazole-containing compound (II) and carbazole-containing compound (III) is 1:20-100. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tertiary butyl phosphine, tri-para-tolyl phosphine or 2-bicyclohexyl phosphine-2', 6'-dimethoxy biphenyl. The mole ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-8. The organic solvent is methylbenzene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zero-valent transition metal atoms of the AQCs are silver, gold (both preferred), platinum, palladium, cobalt, copper, iron, chromium, nickel, lead and/or rhodium. The metal nanoparticles have a shape including nanorodes (preferred), nanofibers, nanotriangles, nanostars, nanodiscs, nanocubes, nanotetrahedrons or nanoprisms. The transition metal of the metal nanoparticles and the zero-valent transition metal atoms of the atomic quantum cluster is the same or different. The atomic quantum cluster and the metal nanoparticles have fermi levels, where its difference is not greater than 1.5 eV, preferably 0-200 meV. The composition in a medium comprises liquid aqueous or non-aqueous medium, gel, polymer, film, electrode or surface medium, and many nanoparticles comprising (AQC) is freely distributed in the medium. Preferred Process: The photocatalytic process further comprises irradiating the medium containing the composition with a radiation in the UV to near infrared. The photocatalytic process is the reduction or oxidation of at least one organic or inorganic compound, or the photocatalytic process is water splitting. The compound is a contaminant present in the air or in a solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of cellulose polymer, polyhydric alcohol and organic solvent is 20-60 pts. wt., 10-270 pts. wt. and 130-520 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of semiconductor fine particles, respectively. The organic solvent is terpineol. The polyhydric alcohol is glycol. The content of semiconductor fine particles is 15-25 wt.%. The content of cellulose polymer is 3-15 wt.%. The cellulose derivative is obtained by substituting hydrogen atom of one or more hydroxyl groups with 1-5C alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxyl, and one or more methylene group is substituted by -C(=O) or -O-. Preferred Property: The semiconductor paste has viscosity of at 25 degrees C measured under shear rate of 10/second is 5-300 Pa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat-hardening type electroconductive paste composition has loss modulus and viscosity of 300-100 Pa and 75-100 Pa.second, respectively. The silver powder contains flaky silver powder and spherical silver powder. The composition contains 81-95 wt.% silver powder, 4-9 wt.% heat-hardenable component, 0.05-2 wt.% curing agent, 0.95-6 wt.% solvent and 0-2 wt.% dispersing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composition further contains dispersing agent (E). The solvent contains diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, terpineol, dibutyl diglycol, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, and/or n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The heat-hardenable component contains epoxy resin and polyisocyanate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total content of silver powder (A), heat-hardenable component (B), curing agent (C) and solvent (D) is 81-95 weight%, 4-9 weight%, 0.05-2 weight% and 0.95-8 weight%, respectively. The silver powder (A) consists of flaky silver powder (A-a) and spherical silver powder (A-b).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The secondary solvent (D-b) is chosen from terpineol, triethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, dibutyl diglycol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoiso butylate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and benzyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The heat-hardenable component (B) contains epoxy resin (B-a) and block forming polyisocyanate compound (B-b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine resin film is ethylene tetrafluoroethylene film. The other resin film is ethylene-vinyl acetate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode is dipped in solvent such as absolute ethyl alcohol and isopropanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The macromolecule resin powder is made of polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, acrylic acid resin and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent system comprises solvent chosen from acetone, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, butanone and tetrahydrofuran, and additive chosen from water, toluene, ethanol, butyl alcohol, dimethyl carbonate, glycerol, isopropanol and butane diol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel polymer is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polysulfone and polyacrylamide. The porous substrate is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose, nonwoven fabric, nylon and glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor nanocrystal is cadmium telluride, copper selenide or cadmium mercury telluride. Preferred Properties: The cathode modified layer has a thickness of 20-50 nm. The active layer has thickness of 50-100 nm. The anode modification layer has thickness of 5-15 nm or 15-30 nm. The anode has thickness of 20-30 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is polymer (poly(naphthyl acetylene)). Preferred Properties: The mass ratio of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polysaccharide sulfate is 1:2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding 0.1-1 wt.% 73% aqueous binder to 80 wt.% deionized water, stirring with dilution solvent and adding 18-25 wt.% nanoscale inorganic powder, rapid stirring, and finally adding 0.5-2 wt.% an organic binder, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain slurry, spraying or transfer coating the slurry on the surface of the positive electrode sheet or negative electrode sheet formed inorganic coating, and baking at 100-150 degrees C, and drying for 3-5 minutes. Preferred Components: The nanoscale inorganic powder comprises silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous binder is water, adhesives LA133, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and styrene-butadiene rubber. The organic binder is polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The atmosphere is air, nitrogen or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent contains ferric salt. The alkali inhibitor comprises small molecule alkali. The molar ratio of alkali inhibitor and oxidizing agent is 0-2. The content of oxidizing agent in solution is 0-40 wt.%, preferably 20-40 wt.%. The oxidizing agent is p-toluenesulfonic acid or ferric chloride. The small molecule is pyrrole, imidazole or tetra-substituted (dimethylamino)ethylene. The solvent in the solution contains small molecule alcohol. The small molecule alcohol is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or butanol. The non-metallic oxidation-reduction electrode comprises conductive medium and catalyst. The catalyst comprises 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene and small molecule as dopant. The molar ratio of 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene and small molecule is 1-10. The small molecule is acid chosen from p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, tetradecanesulfonic acid, and camphorsulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The latter collecting electrode preform is a strip-shaped aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The semiconductor material comprises a semiconductor absorber layer that is made of cadmium telluride and copper indium gallium (di) selenide, and a semiconductor window layer is made of cadmium selenide. The transparent conductive oxide layer is made of tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - The nanorods are wide-bandgap semiconductors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanorods comprise at least one of ZnO, SnO, and/or TiO2. The nanorods are single-crystal nanorods. The nanorods have an aspect ratio of at least 3. The absorption of light by a nanocrystal results in production of an exciton, where the nanocrystal has a largest spatial dimension not greater than an average diffusion distance of the exciton. The nanocrystals comprise at least one of CuInSe2, CuInS2, CuIn1-xGaxSe2, GaAs, InAs, InP, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, GaSb, InSb, CdTe and CdSe. The nanocrystals have extinction coefficients of at least 100000 M-1cm-1.x=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The capping agent is mercaptoacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is a hole-transfer polymer. The first charge carrier is electrons. The second charge carrier is holes. The polymer is poly(3-hexylthiophene), polyphenylenevinylene or its derivative or polyfluorene or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The polymer of the front encapsulant layer has a young modulus of 200-400 MPa, when measured according to ASTM D5026 at 23 degrees C and 23% relative humidity. The polymer of the back encapsulant layer has a young modulus of 1-200 MPa, when measured according to ASTM D5026 at 23 degrees C and 23% relative humidity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The back encapsulant layer comprises an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer, and/or thermoplastic polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflector comprises a reflecting layer made of a metallic material such as aluminum, gold, copper and silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bearing portion is made of elastomeric, natural rubber, synthetic rubber and chloroprene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Unsaturated silane compound is represented by formula R.SiR'nY3-n (I). Propylene-based resin is a propylene copolymer containing greater than or equal to 1 wt.% ethylene monomeric unit. Graft amount is greater than or equal to 0.5 wt.%.R=ethylenic unsaturated-hydrocarbon group;R'=hydrocarbon group;Y=organic group which can be hydrolyzed; andn=0-2.Preferred Parameters: Gel fraction of silane-crosslinked polyolefin resin is greater than or equal to 40 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bonding material layer is made of Ethylene vinyl acetate, Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) or ionic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The size of the cavity portion of the porous shape communication cavity is 10-50 mu m. The carbon particles (a) are large-diameter carbon particles (33) with diameter of 5 mu m or more. The carbon particles (b) are micro-diameter carbon particles (34) with diameter of 10 nm or more. The large-diameter carbon particles are carbon fiber or nodular graphite. The micro-diameter carbon particles are carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin base-material portion is thermoplastic resin. The granular material is water-soluble particles which are removed using water, or starch particles which are removed by enzymatic decomposition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound semiconductor portion consists of several crystal grains which contain compound semiconductor material. The organic polymer portion is a compound which fills between the adjacent crystal grains. The mass ratio of compound semiconductor portion to organic polymer portion is 0.1 or more. The mass ratio of compound semiconductor portion of the organic polymer portion is 0.3 or less. The compound semiconductor material contains copper, indium and/or gallium, selenium and/or sulfur, copper, zinc and/or tin or selenium and/or tin. Preferred Property: The diameter of nanoparticles is 1-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic macromolecular material is an electroconductive organic macromolecular material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The sealing material sheet has number average molecular weight of 80000-120000 g/mol, weight average molecular weight of 220000-300000, gel fraction of 0-1%, complex viscosity of 85000-180000 Pa.second or less, and haze value of 4% or less in thickness of 400 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The etching process is carried out using etching gas containing fluorine-type gas or oxygen gas. The silicon substrate having texture structure is subjected to alkali rinsing, and the residue of pattern is removed. Preferred Composition: The alkali etching liquid is aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition containing resin is composition containing photoresist. The composition containing photoresist comprises polymerizable monomer and photoinitiator having (meth)acryl group, and further contains acidic group-containing polymerizable monomer having (meth)acryl group and silicon compound. The silicon compound comprises hydrolyzate of alkoxysilane or alkoxysilane. The alkoxysilane comprises alkoxysilane of formula: R5O-(Si(-OR5)2-O)n-R5 (II), (meth)acryl group-containing alkoxysilane of formula: (H2C=C(-R6)-C(=O)-O-R7)l-Si(-R8)m-(OR9)k (III) and hydrolyzate of metal alkoxide of formula: M-(OR13)4 (VI).R5=1-4C alkyl;n=1-10;R6=H or methyl;R7=1-10C alkylene, 3-10C cycloalkylene or 3-10C polymethylene;R8=1-4C alkyl, 3-4C cycloalkyl or 6-12C aryl;R9=1-4C alkyl or 3-4C cycloalkyl;l,k=1-3;m=0-2;l+m+k=4;M=zirconium or titanium;andR13=1-10C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second fusible foils are made of a thermoplast or thermosetting material, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), while the transparent or translucent cover panel is a glass panel. The connectors are made of thermally activatable electrically conductive adhesive, such as solder paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The type (T1) of porosity is present in an amount of 90 volume% or more of the total volume of porosity of the functional layer. The functional layer further comprises a type (T2) of porosity having a random orientation, and a type (T3) of porosity having a horizontal orientation. The type (T2) of porosity is present in an amount (volume%) which is more than the type (T) of porosity. The functional layer comprises 20-35 volume% of porosity with respect to total volume. The type (T1) of porosity has average pore size of 0.1-10 mu m. The type (T2) of porosity has average pore size of 0.1-10 mu m. The functional layer has average thickness of 10-30 mu m. The SOFC unit cell further comprises a cathode having a bulk layer portion which is in direct contact with the functional layer. The bulk layer portion comprises a porosity (volume%) which is more than a porosity (volume%) of the functional layer. The cathode comprises an oxide, a rare earth element and element chosen from lanthanum, manganese, and strontium, preferably lanthanum strontium manganite or yttria-stabilized zirconia. The SOFC unit cell further comprises a dense layer overlying functional layer. The dense layer comprises an electrolyte having an oxide, zirconia, and yttria as stabilizer. The electrolyte comprises a porosity of less than 15 volume% with respect to total volume. The aspect ratio is 1.2:1 or more, preferably 2:1 or more. The pores of functional layer are formed using pore forming agent having median size of less than 10 mu m, preferably less than 6 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: The pore forming agent is chosen from natural material, polymer, inorganic material, and their mixture, preferably poly(methyl methacrylate), carbon black, graphite, and/or their mixture. The pore forming agent comprises a material having anisotropic microstructure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The battery comprises 09-19% w/w of hydro-resonance material, 81-89% w/w of polypropylene (67-84% w/w of polypropylene), 9-19 % w/w of biomagnetic material and 18-39% w/w of black tourmaline. Preferred Composition: Mineral mixture (1kg) comprises aluminum (0.0058758-0.0182469), barium (0.0000698-0.00013466), copper (0.0000407-0.0000881), chromium (0.0003635-0.0003771), strontium (0.0000358-0.0001313), manganese (0.0001647-0.0003346), zinc (0.0086550-0.0024102), beryllium (0.0005415-0.0018166), magnesium (0.0192150-0.0257325), neon (0.0005243-0.0012188) and traces fluorine, bromine, sulfur and potassium (parts per million).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating material includes plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first olefin is selected from methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, or butyl methacrylate. The second olefin is an acrylic acid or a methacrylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ionomer is a zinc ionomer that is derived from a precursor acid copolymer that is a copolymer of ethylene/methacrylic acid. The ethylene copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene/n-butyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The inorganic particles contain talc, kaolinite, montmorillonite and/or hydrotalcite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The sealing agent at the side of non-light-receiving surface contains an organic peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The (meth)acrylic type copolymer preferably has a glass transition temperature of 10-70 degrees C and a number average molecular weight of 25000-250000. The copolymer is a copolymer having one carbon-carbon double bond per 5-500 side chains. The copolymer is preferably copolymer (A1) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic type monomer (a3) having a carboxyl group with glycidyl group in the side chain of copolymer obtained using (meth)acrylic type monomer (a1) having a glycidyl group, (meth)acrylic type monomer (a2) having a hydroxyl group, and (meth)acrylic type monomer (a4) having neither hydroxyl group not glycidyl group nor carboxyl group, copolymer (A2) obtained by reacting monomer (a1) with copolymer obtained using monomer (a3), monomer (a2), and monomer (a4), copolymer (A3) obtained by reacting (meth)acrylic type monomer (a5) having an isocyanate group with a portion of hydroxyl groups in the copolymer obtained using monomer (a2) and (meth)acrylic type monomer (a6) not having hydroxyl group, and/or copolymer (A4) obtained by reacting monomer (a2) with acid anhydride group of copolymer obtained using maleic anhydride, monomer (a2), and monomer (a6). The polyisocyanate compound has 0.1-5 isocyanate groups with respect to 1 hydroxyl group in the copolymer. The polyisocyanate is a block-forming polyisocyanate. The sealing agent at the side of non-light-receiving surface contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal nitride is of formula: M4N, M2N or MN, where M is chromium, molybdenum or vanadium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The stainless steel base is austenitic phase and contains 0.01-0.1 %mass carbon, 0.1-1 %mass silicon, 0.1-3 %mass manganese, 6.0-20 %mass nickel, 17.0-30 %mass chromium, 0.5-4.0 %mass molybdenum, 0.6-1.5 %mass nitrogen, 0.02 %mass or less oxygen, 0.03 %mass or less phosphorus, 0.01 %mass or less sulfur, less than 0.01 %mass aluminum, niobium, 0.01-0.05 %mass titanium, 0.01-0.1 %mass zirconium, 0.5-3 %mass cobalt, 0.5-3 %mass copper, 0.05-0.5 %mass tungsten, and remainder of iron and unavoidable impurity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate is surface-treated calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinkable silicon group is crosslinkable silicon group of formula: -(Si-(R12-b)(-Xb)-O)n-Si(R13-a)-Xa (I). The saturated-hydrocarbon-type polymer is isobutylene-type polymer or hydrogenated polybutadiene system polymer. The saturated-hydrocarbyl-type polymer has crosslinkable silicon group at the terminal of polymer molecule chain. The 1-4C monoalcohol is methanol. The polycarboxylic acid is aliphatic polycarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid. The composition further contains 1-30 pts. wt. (meth)acrylic-ester-type polymer has crosslinkable silicon group.R1=1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 6-20C aryl, 7-20C aralkyl or R13SiO-;X=hydroxy or hydrolysable group, when X is 2 or more;n=0-19;a=0-3;b=0-2;anda+b=1 or more.Preferred Property: more than 9 (cal/cm3)1/2 and less than 10.1 (cal/cm3)1/2. Preferred Definitions:    X=alkoxy or methoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst metal is platinum. The highly crystallized carbon is carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Property: The largest length from the edge portion of electricity generating element that has penetrated between the electricity generating element and light receiving surface side sealing film is less than 1 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: The melt flow rate of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer measured at JIS K7210, at 190 degrees C and load of 21.18N, in the light receiving surface side sealing film, is 0.1-30 g/10 minutes. The melt flow rate of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, in the back surface side sealing film, is 1.5-40 g/10 minutes. The difference of the melt flow rate of the copolymer of the back surface side sealing film and the melt flow rate of the copolymer in the light receiving surface side sealing film, is 1 g/10 minutes or more. The content of the vinyl acetate in the copolymer in the light receiving surface side sealing film, is 20-35 %mass. The content of vinyl acetate in the copolymer in the back surface side sealing film, is 20-35 %mass. The light receiving surface side sealing film and back surface side sealing film contain crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The photovoltaic structure is comprised of a thin-film photovoltaic structure selected from cadmium telluride, Tandem and copper indium gallium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The inorganic base is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is a mixture of inorganic base and organic palladium, or a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. The organic palladium is bi-triphenylphosphine palladium bichloride, tetra-triphenylphosphine palladium or tri-bi-benzalacetone bi-palladium. The molar ratio of the organic palladium and bromine group-containing compound (A) is 1:20-100. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tertiary butyl phosphine, tri-para-tolyl phosphine or 2-bicyclohexyl phosphine-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand in the mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-8. The organic solvent is chosen from methylbenzene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Bromine group-containing compound (A) of formula (II) and boron group-containing compound (B) of formula (II) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 are added into an organic solvent containing a catalyst under oxygen-free environment, Suzuki coupling reaction is performed by heating, and then cooled to ambient temperature. Methyl alcohol is added to obtained solution, and extraction is performed by Soxhlet extractor. Extraction is further performed with methyl alcohol, n-hexane and chloroform until it is colorless. The chloroform solution is collected, rotary-drying is performed to obtain red powder, and the red powder is vacuum-dried, to obtain copolymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The component (C) is organic compound of formula: H2C=C(-Y')-C(=O)-O-CH2-X-CH2-O-C(=O)-C(-Y')=CH2 (I). At least one portion of component (B) is organo-hydrogen-polysiloxane containing epoxy group and/or alkoxy group in a molecule.X=1-20C bivalent hydrocarbyl optionally containing O;andY'=H or methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The mass ratios of the protective layer with respect to negative electrode active material layer are 0.03-0.2. The positive electrode active material which can occlude and discharge lithium and which uses manganese as main structure transition metal element is a positive electrode active material of formula Li2-0.5xMn1-xM1.5xO3. The substance which carries out oxidation reduction with electric potential nobler than negative electrode active material is lithium titanate. The high molecular compound which has carboxyl group is carboxymethylcellulose or polyacrylic acid.M=Ni( alpha )Co( beta )Mn( gamma )M1( delta );M1=Al, Fe, Cu, Mg and Ti;alpha , gamma =0-0.5;beta =0-0.33;delta =0-0.1;alpha + beta + gamma + delta =1; andx=0.1-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The center coordination element is phosphorus. The 16-group element bonded with alpha -position carbon of benzene ring is sulfur or selenium. The phthalocyanine is of formula (I) and has maximum absorption at region of 1000-2000 nm.R1O=1-20C alkoxy;X=sulfur or selenium;R2=1-20C monovalent alkyl or aryl;andY'=monovalent anion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The back electrode is made of molybdenum. The buffer layer is made of CdSi-ZnO/ZnO.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Method: The glass powder is prepared by mixing raw materials uniformly, putting into a crucible, high temperature sintering furnace to heat, controlling the temperature at 1200-1500 degrees C, keeping the temperature for 30-60 minutes, melting and quenching, using the de-ionized water ball mill with 1-10 mu m to 200-400 meshes to obtain the glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver powder is sheet-shaped silver powder having grain diameter of 2-4 mu m, 5-5.5 g/cm3, and microcrystalline silver powder having the grain diameter of 0.2-0.6 mu m, and tap density of 2-3.5 g/cm3. Preferred Composition: The glass powder is composed of 5-10% silicon dioxide, 6-8% boron oxide, 0-2% aluminum oxide, 8-10% zinc oxide, and the rest of bismuth oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is composed of 8-15% ethyl cellulose, and 85-92% organic solvent such as citric acid tri-nbutyl ester, butyl carbitol and butyl carbitol acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intrinsic absorption layer is made of amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon germanium, amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon carbon, microcrystalline silicon or microcrystalline silicon-germanium, and the n-type doped layer is made of n-type amorphous silicon, n-type microcrystalline silicon, n-type amorphous silicon or n-type microcrystalline silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The argon/oxygen gas is made to inflow into a cooling drum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coating is made of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinylidene fluoride, furan resin, ethyl methyl carbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethacrylic acid methyl ester, PTFE, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or butanediol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The composite material comprises a resin matrix which is made of at least one of concrete, epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, iron, steel or their combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cover member is a silicone cover member comprising a silicone composition that is same or different than the silicone composition of the silicone base member. The silicone composition is at least partially cured, hydrosilylation curable silicone composition, where the hydrosilylation curable silicone composition (before partial curing): comprises at least one diorganosilicon compound having an average of at least two unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds per molecule, an organohydrogensilicon compound having an average of at least three silicon-hydrogen moieties per molecule, and a hydrosilylation catalyst; further comprises a reinforcing filler, a fire retarding filler and/or an electrical insulating filler; and further comprises at least one of at least one vehicle, at least one acid or base for adjusting pH of the silicone composition, or an inhibitor of hydrosilylation reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Rate of elongation at break of urethane resin is 50-600%. Breaking strength of urethane resin is 60-1000 kgf/cm2. Thickness of urethane resin layer is 0.2-10 mu m. Preferred Components: Acid-modified polyolefin-based resin is acid-modified polypropylene resin. Heat-fusible polyolefin resin is polypropylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The aqueous medium includes 10-50 weight percentage of ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The aqueous medium includes 1-15 weight percentage of one of styrene butadiene rubber, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The particles are aluminosilicate particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyester film contains layer containing particles having particle size of 2 mu m or more in outermost layer, and layer containing resin having dispersion diameter of 500-3000 nm in outermost layer. The content of particles is 0.1-5 %mass with respect to polyester of layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating material further contains a pigment and ultraviolet absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoromonomer is chosen from tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and vinylidene fluoride. The polyisocyanate compound-derived from isophorone diisocyanate consists of adduct obtained by polyisocyanate compound addition-polymerizing isophorone diisocyanate and aliphatic polyhydric alcohol more than trivalence, and an isocyanurate structure containing isophorone diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The curable functional group-containing fluoropolymer contains polymer unit-derived from fluoromonomer, polymer unit-derived from hydroxyl-containing monomer, carboxyl group-containing monomer, amino-group-containing monomer, hardenable functional group containing monomer and silicone-type vinyl monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating material further contains pigment and ultraviolet absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The block isocyanate-derived from hexamethylene diisocyanate is obtained by reacting polyisocyanate compound-derived from hexamethylene diisocyanate by block forming agent. Preferred Components: The fluoromonomer is chosen from tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and vinylidene fluoride. The block forming agent is chosen from alcohol, oxime, lactam, active methylene compound, and pyrazole compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hardenable functional group-containing fluorine-containing polymer is polymer unit-derived from fluoromonomer, polymer unit-derived from hydroxyl-containing monomer, carboxyl group-containing monomer, amino-group-containing monomer, hardenable functional group-containing monomer and silicone-type vinyl monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activating temperature is an exterior temperature or an interior temperature. The activating light has a wavelength in the solar spectrum. The liquid crystal material has the peak reflection: within 400-1000 nm during hot conditions and outside 400-1000 nm during cold conditions; or outside 3000-10000 nm during hot conditions and within 3000-10000 nm during cold conditions; or within 400-1000 nm during hot conditions and within 3000-10000 nm during cold conditions. The liquid crystal material: undergoes a phase transition between cholesteric and smectic when exposed to greater than or equal to 100 degrees C; comprises a chiral dopant having a helical twisting power, where the helical twisting power changes by greater than or equal to 20% when exposed to a temperature change of greater than or equal to 10 degrees C or when exposed to the activating light, and the change in the selective reflection band is in excess of 2000 nm or at least 20 nm wide; comprises a mixture of at least one of a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal, a chiral dopant, a photo-active chiral dopant, an up-converting dye, a polymer, a polymerizable component, and a cholesterol based chiral liquid crystal; comprises at least two liquid crystal materials with different phase transition temperatures; has a birefringence greater than 0.03; and comprises mixtures of opposing chirality. The structural interface further comprises a polarizer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbonate group equivalent of polycarbonate polyol (C) is 100-145 g/mol per molecule. Preferred Layer: At least one sheet-type component comprise water vapor barrier layer. The water vapor barrier layer is chosen from metal foil, plastic film with a metal oxide layer, and plastic film with nonmetallic oxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The sheet-like component is further laminated on the metal foil side.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The tackifier (B) is hydrogenated petroleum resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: A crosslinking adjuvant is further supplied to mixer and ethylene copolymer pellet is impregnated with crosslinking adjuvant. An ultraviolet absorber, antioxidant, and a coupling agent are further supplied to mixer. The pellet impregnated with organic peroxide is added to extruder, melt-kneaded and extruded from extruder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrolyte particle is represented by formula LiaMbPcSd (1). Preferred Parameters: Ionic conductivity of electrolyte layer is greater than or equal to 1x 10-6 S/cm. Peeling force of base material is 20-1500 mN/cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Binder is resin which contains structural unit of formula -(C(R1)(R2)-C(R3)(R4))- (A).M=B, Zn, Si, Cu, Ga, or Ge;a:b:c:d=1-12:0-0.2:1:2-9; andR1-R4=H, F, CF3, CH2CF3, CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3, OCF2CF2CF3, OCF3, or Cl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sealing material further contains crosslinking adjuvant (C). The sealing film has gelatinization fraction of 60% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The complex viscosity of sealing material layer at 150-200 degrees C is 1.0E+5 Pa.second to 4.0E+5 Pa.second. The sealing material layer has haze value of 3% or less and thickness of 400 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyethene polymer is selected from linear low density polyethenes (LLDPE), low density polyethenes (LDPE), medium density polyethenes (MDPE), and high density polyethenes (HDPE). The bonding layer comprises a UV stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The film forming process includes sputtering based on electrode lead metal to anode amorphous silicon nitride at amorphous silicon oxide and cathode on electrode lead metallic substrate, and creating thin film by atmospheric pressure plasma chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) which uses 550 MHz high frequency electric power. In order to assemble the secondary battery module, a silicone rubber board and cover are used, and the serial battery connected in series after creating the unit cell is fastened and sealed with the bolt which can be pressurized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical species comprises metal hydroxides, halogenated compounds, synergistic agents and antimony trioxide. The chemical species include a polymerization initiator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The charge storage device is a lithium-ion battery. The microcapsule comprises a polymeric shell and a core containing the chemical species. The polymeric shell comprises pores, which communicate with the core.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymerization initiator includes furan, thioacetic acid-S-phenyl ester, a Lewis acid and a Lewis base. Preferred Method: The triggering event occurs due to the presence of a second chemical species outside the microcapsule and a threshold temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The solar module comprises solar cell(s) and multilayered film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The insulating layer does not contain pigments. The back layer contains carbon particles. The insulating layer, back layer, encapsulant layer and/or top layer contain flame retardant and/or anti-dripping agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The insulating layer and/or the back layer contain 60 mol% or more, preferably 95 mol% or more of repeating units derived from ethene and alkene comonomer(s). The encapsulant layer contains ethylene vinyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The multilayered film further has a top layer (220) which is positioned adjacent to the insulating layer and opposite to the back layer, and additional layers. The top layer contains crosslinked polyethene homopolymer or copolymer. Preferred Composition: The both insulating layer and the back layer contain polyethene comprises linear low-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and/or medium-density polyethylene. Preferred Properties: The multilayered film has dielectric breakdown voltage of 20 kV or more. The multilayered film has thickness of 0.25-1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The glass lens made of polymethylmethacrylate (Acrylic).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesion adjuvant is amino-group-containing silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The initiator is peroxide or isopropyl benzene. The UV light absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-dibenzene ketone, 2,4-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyl dibenzophenone, or 2-(2',5'-tert-octylphenyl)-benzotriazole. The UV light stabilizer is hexadecyl 3,5-bis-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) decanoic acid ester or bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) capric acid ester. The antioxidant is beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) octadecanol, beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxyphenyl) tetraethyl glycol propionate, tri(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, or distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The film layer comprises 100 pts. wt. polyoxyethylene (POE), 5 pts. wt., preferably 20 pts. wt. POE maleic anhydride grafted copolymer, 0.05 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. initiator, 0.10 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. UV light absorber, 0.10 pts. wt., preferably 1 pts. wt. UV light stabilizer, and 0.20 pts. wt., preferably 1.0 pts. wt. antioxidant. The hydrolysis-resistant PET layer comprises carbodiimine hydrolysis-resistant polyglycol diester of dibenzene formate and has thickness of 40-1000 mu m, preferably 100-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver powder comprises sheet silver powder and/or spherical silver powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The paste further comprises wetting agent comprising polyoxyethylene phenol ether, fatty alcohols polyoxyethylene ether phosphate or polyoxyethylene secondary alkyl ether. The additive further comprises coupling agent such as titanic acid ester. The titanic acid ester is selected from isopropyl tri (methacryloyl) titanate, isopropyl tri (dioctyl) titanic acid ester and isopropyl tri (decanoyl) titanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The anode lead wire tube is made of transparent organic glass material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode and the cathode are provided with carbon cloth, a carbon paper, a carbon felt, a graphite plate, a stainless steel plate, a stainless steel net, a titanium plate and a titanium net.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of quartz, glass or ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biopolymer is an ammonium alginate, chitosan, carrageenan or natural starch. The substrate is made of plastic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The component (D) is glycidyl group-containing silane coupling agent. The component (C) is aromatic sulfonium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photocurable resin composition further contains 5-200 parts mass fillers having average particle diameter of 50 mu m or less with respect to 100 parts mass component (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cerium oxide nanowire has diameter of 10-100 nm and length of 1000-5000 nm. The diameter of platinum nanoparticle is 2-20 nm. The cerium oxide has compositional formula: CeOx, where x is 1.5-2. The amount of platinum nanoparticles is 0.1-5 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of crosslinking agent in the sealing material composition is 0.3-0.7 parts mass with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin components. The gel fraction of sealing material sheet after integration process is 20-80%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The low density polyethylene has melt flow rate of 12-40 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg measured by JIS K6922-2. The number average molecular weight of low density polyethylene in the sealing material sheet is 50000-75000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The backsheet has a thickness of 0.25 mm or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solar cell layer contains aluminum-containing carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crosslinked polyethene homopolymer or copolymer is crosslinked by e-beam treatment. The polyethene copolymer contains more than 80 mol%, preferably more than 95 mol% or more than 99 mol% of units derived from ethene. The polyethene polymer is linear-low-density polyethene, low-density polyethene, medium-density polyethene, and/or high-density polyethene. The backsheet comprises UV stabilizer and white pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin sheet comprises a cross-linked polyethene homopolymer or cross-linked polyethene copolymers comprising repeating units derived from ethene and one or more alpha -olefinic hydrocarbons. The cross-linked polyethene homopolymer or copolymer has been cross-linked by e-beam treatment. The polyethene polymer is selected from linear low density polyethenes (LLDPE), low density polyethenes (LDPE), medium density polyethenes (MDPE), high density polyethenes (HDPE), or its combination. The bonding layer comprises a UV stabilizer. It is not transparent and comprises white pigments or carbon particles. It forms the entire top surface of the backsheet. The layer forming the rear surface of backsheet is also a bonding layer containing a polyolefin sheet, which may be identical or different to the bonding layer. Preferred Composition: The polyethene copolymer contains more than 80% by mole and more preferably at least 95% by mole or more than 99% by mole of units derived from ethene. Preferred Parameter: The bonding layer has a thickness of at least 0.250 mm. The backsheet has a length (L') and/or width that is greater than the length (L) and/or width of the top part of the solar module and can be wrapped around at least one edge of the top part. Preferred Method: Making solar module further comprises laminating the solar module to aluminum containing support structure by its rear surface. The lamination is carried out at a temperature of greater than 140 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Mixing process of zinc acetate, strong base, and water to form reactive solution involves adding zinc acetate and strong base into water and mixing to form original solution, placing original solution in ice-bath, and adding water to dilute original solution to be the reactive solution. Original solution is diluted to 10 times with water to become the reactive solution. Preferred Compositions: Original solution contains 0.4-0.6 M zinc acetate and 3-5 M of strong base in 4 ml water. Strong base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Transparent substrate is transparent conductive oxide glass or transparent conductive oxide polymer film. Nano-structural layer is layer of zinc oxide nanowire array or thin film of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Nano-structural layer is nanowire array layer which is arranged with nanowires, and greater than or equal to 1 portion of surfaces of the nanowires is formed with flake structures of zinc oxide. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of nano-structural layer is 3-10 mu m, and thickness of light-scattering layer is 300 nm-1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of elastomer based on polystyrene conversion is 10000-700000, measured by gel permeation chromatography method. Preferred Composition: The thermal storage material contains emulsion containing elastomer, water and surfactant. The elastomer is hydrogenated conjugated diene (co)polymer. The block (co)polymer has at least polymer block (A) and polymer block (B), at least polymer block (A) at one end. The thermal storage material is oil-in-water-type emulsion, in which thermal storage material and elastomer becomes dispersoid, and water becomes dispersion medium. The film contains melamine resin, urea resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, styrene-(meth)acrylate copolymer resin, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyurea resin and/or polyamide resin. Preferred Process: The thermal storage material is a thing obtained by hydrogenating block (co)polymer having at least one type of polymer block chosen from hydrogenated conjugated diene (co)polymer, structural unit (a-1) originating in the conjugated diene compound containing polymer block (A) with vinyl bond content of less than 30 mol% and polymer block (B) with vinyl bond content of 30-95 mol%, and structural unit (b-1) originating in the conjugated diene compound, and structural unit (c-1) originating in alkenyl aromatic compound including more than 50 %mass polymer block (C). The thermal storage material is formed using thermal storage microcapsules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer included with ethylene vinyl acetate (EV A) is formed on the upper portion of the solar cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is selected from linear and cyclic carbonates, ethers including mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-ethylene glycol di-methyl ether, tetrahydrofurane, butyrolactone, vinylene carbonate, tetraalkyl sulfonamides, and its mixtures. The solvating polymer is selected from poly(ethylene oxide), polyacrylamide, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate or dimethacrylate, poly(methoxy ethylene glycol) monoacrylate or methacrylate, their random or block polymers with styrene, and a polyether comprising at least 60% of oxyethylene units. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate comprise glass, plastic substrate or ceramic substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate comprise metal, or alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The crystallization inhibitor comprises vitamin C, ammonium nitrate or L-ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt (APMg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate is made of a flexible transparent high-molecular film or transparent glass, where the flexible transparent high-molecular film is selected from one of polyethylene terephthalate, poly 2, 6-polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyformaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic hexyl ester, PTFE or polysulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The waste acid obtained after acid-washing of steel plate is heated to 50-90 degrees C. The waste acid temperature after cooling is 20-50 degrees C. The pH of waste acid is 4-5. The roasting temperature is 500-600 degrees C. The grinding medium is zirconium oxide balls having a diameter of 0.8-5 mm. The ground slurry is stirred at 120-200 rpm. Press-filtration is carried out using a polypropylene filter cloth with a model number of 108C. The flocculating agent is N8173.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The copolymer has a degree of sulfonation of 10-90, an ion-exchange capacity of 0.48-2.59, a vapor diffusion coefficient of 1x 10-4-1x 10-8 cm2/second, a hydrogen ion conductivity of 0.005-0.4 S/cm, a mechanical strength of 10-100 MPa, an elongation ratio of 10-500%, and a thermal stability of 250-500 degrees C. The repeating unit is preferably of formula (IA) or (IB). Preferred Definitions:    z=1;    Ar1=phenylene;    Ar2=cyano-substituted phenylene;and    Ar3=phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl or ethylene (all optionally substituted by fluoro).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ceramic coating layer is formed of base metal ceramic material of alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, silica, aluminum oxide, aluminum-nitride, aluminum sulfate or organosilane, silane coupling agent and carbon nano tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is selected between polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyether-ether-ketone, polyimide and polyethersulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first and second conductive surfaces comprise fluorine-doped tin oxide. A first negative conductive strip comprises titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first positive conductive strip comprises a conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material is formed using chloroplatinic acid solution and carbon aerogel having specific surface area of 200-1000 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive is chosen from hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropene copolymer and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor nanocrystals are comprised of zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer is derived from polythiophene, and poly (3-hexylthiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The content of the acrylonitrile is 1-40 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. of the polymerizable monomers. The acrylic polyol has: a glass transition temperature of less than or equal to 20 degrees C; and a hydroxy value of 0.5-45 mg potassium hydroxide/g. EXAMPLE - 83.1 g Acrylic polyol (208 g of an ethyl acetate solution of polymer-I (of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile) having a solid content of 40 wt.%) and 16.9 g of Sumidule N3300 (RTM: Polyisocyanate) were weighed and then mixed to obtain an adhesive solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper precursor is an organometallic copper compound. The copper precursor is copper formate, copper acetylacetonate, copper nitrate, copper acetate, copper sulfate or copper chloride. The solvent is deionized water or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The thin film is annealed at temperature of 300-500 degrees C. The method further comprises grinding the copper precursor and zinc, tin and sulfur (or selenium) particles to nanosize under 300 nm. The thin film is annealed under nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide atmosphere. The mixed solution is coated by deep coating, doctor blade, spin coating, slit coating, bar coating, knife coating or spraying. Preferred Components: The substrate is flexible plastic, glass, or metal substrate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bonding agent is a single-component liquid-hardening isocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Total thickness of heat conductive film is less than or equal to 600 mu m, and thickness ratio of reinforcement layer and 1st or 2nd heat conductive layer is 10/1-1/50. Ht value is less than or equal to 2 W/m.K. Ratio Hs/Ht is 3-20. Heat-conductive inorganic filler is tabular, and plate surface of filler orients to approximately surface direction. Heat-conductive inorganic filler is insulating inorganic filler with average particle diameter of 1-100 mu m. Elastic modulus based on JIS K7161 is greater than or equal to 200. Preferred Compositions: Binder is formed by crosslinked body of liquid rubber e.g. non-silicon rubber which has hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, and/or epoxy group and crosslinking agent. Non-silicon rubber is diene-based rubber or acrylic rubber. The 1st heat conductive layer contains greater than or equal to 200 pts. wt. heat-conductive inorganic filler with respect to 100 pts. wt. binder. Preferred Processes: Liquid rubber is crosslinked after applying composition containing heat-conductive inorganic filler, liquid rubber, and crosslinking agent to surface of reinforcement layer. Pressure-processing in thickness direction is performed before crosslinking liquid rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The melting point of organic acid is preferably 100-200 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The resin component contains 5-50 %mass methacrylic acid ester resin. The resin composition contains 5-30 pts. mass titanium oxide with respect to 100 pts. mass of resin components.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inner layer is in contact with medium to be transported such as air, water, water with corrosion inhibiter, alcohol/water mixture such as ethylene glycol/water mixture, propylene glycol/water mixture or an ethylene glycol/glycerol/water mixture, alcohol/water mixture with corrosion inhibiter or non-aqueous polar medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The radically polymerizable compound which has group that triggers silane-coupling reaction is (meth)acrylate, preferably polyfunctional (meth)acrylate. Radically polymerizable compounds contain less than or equal to 3 wt.% acid generating compound. The organic layer and inorganic layer are laminated alternately. The composition contains sensitizer with respect to acid generator. Preferred Process: Wavelength of light which photo-acid generator decomposes is adjusted by adding sensitizer to the composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The charging and discharging tank is made of plastic, glass or steel material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The bioreactor is friendly made preferably of recyclable materials as like but not restricted to high density polyethylene or low density polyethylene or composite material or metal; the flexible biogas holding assembly preferably made of but not restricted to latex, neoprene, butyl rubber, poly vinyl coated polymers and any such polymer based composite material, the cap holding the biogas collecting assembly is preferably made of but not restricted to linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, mild steal, galvanized iron sheet, fiber reinforced plastic, and glass reinforced plastic. The bioreactor can be knocked down in number of pieces/components, which are stackable in nature due to the geometry of design of the bioreactor. The delivery pressure of biogas is maintained consistent with the help of dead weight arrangement attached to the flexible gas holder. An external agent is added to the generated biogas to make the flame visible, even in daylight. The bioreactor is portable, light weight and can be transported in multiple numbers, thus the biogas generating assembly can be set up anywhere irrespective of location, land availability constraints. Also, the plant can serve as a power house for domestic as well as commercial applications/purposes. The bioreactor eliminates the underground construction work and time required for constructing the bioreactor as that required for constructing traditional biogas system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rhombus system silicate is cordierite or mullite. The metal plate is chosen from copper and aluminum, preferably copper. The heat radiation material further contains filler chosen from resin composition, boron nitride, aluminum-nitride, silica, alumina, zinc oxide and graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photo-crosslinkable polymer resin contains alicyclic epoxy compound, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, non-diglycidyl ether of phenol, polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, urethane (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate and/or polyether (meth) acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photo-crosslinkable polymer resin is chosen from epoxy compound, oxetane compound, vinyl ether compound and (meth) acrylic compound. The resin composition is polymerization initiator, light cationic initiator or light radical polymerization initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is platinum, palladium, rubidium, rhodium, cobalt or nickel, and is loaded with solid acid carrier chosen from alumina, silica and silicon-aluminum molecular sieve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid fuel is 7-9C petroleum hydrocarbon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the cellulose biomass and water is 3:2.75-3:27.5, preferably 3:11.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The process of screen printing phosphorus slurry for chain diffusion comprises uniformly printing screen printing slurry on the surface of the silicon wafer substrate. The high temperature chain diffusion process comprises processing the phosphorus slurry printed silicon wafer substrate with different temperature sections of a high temperature diffusion furnace for high temperature treatment, where the organic polymers in the phosphorus slurry undergoes decomposition under high temperature and is discharged through an exhaust system, and the phosphorus atoms diffuses into the surface of the silicon wafer substrate to form N-type layer. The oxidation treatment is high temperature wet-oxygen oxidation comprising placing the processed substrate silicon wafer obtained in the step (b) into a high temperature sealed furnace, passing high temperature steam, where the diffusion layer between the surface of silicon wafer favor the rapid growth of the oxide layer. The process of removing the oxide layer comprises placing the silicon wafer substrate obtained in the step (b) into hydrofluoric acid solution, removing the oxide layer after reacting with hydrofluoric acid. Preferred Components: The square resistance of silicon wafer substrate after the step (b) is 5-30 Omega . The square resistance of silicon wafer substrate after the step (c) is 60-120 Omega .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The superfine cement slurry comprises (in parts weight) superfine cement (50-100), ultra-fine fly ash (10-50), phase change material (20-40), active micro-mine powder (10-20), rubber powder (1-5), fibre (0.5-1), water repellent (0.1-0.5), hydrophobing agent (0.1-0.5), water (50-100), early strength admixture (1-3), retarder (1-5) and water reducing agent (0.5-1). The superfine cement contains silicate cement and/or sulphur aluminate. The active micro-mine powder is micro-silicon powder, superfine heavy calcium powder or superfine slag powder. The honeycomb-like porous material contains volcanic zeolite powder, vermiculite powder and/or diatomite. The foaming liquid material contains (in parts weight) foaming agent (5-30), foam stabilizing agent (0.1-1), foaming agent (20-50) and/or hydrogen peroxide solution or aluminum powder. Preferred Properties: The specific surface area of superfine cement is 600-1OOO mVkg. The specific surface area of ultrafine fly ash is 400-800 m2/kg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phase change material contains n-octadecanoic acid or stearate, Glauber's salt and/or honeycomb-like porous material. The foam stabilizing agent is chosen from lauryl betaine, coconut oil acid diethanol amide and coconut acid monoethanol amide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber powder is re-dispersible emulsion powder and/or polyvinyl alcohol powder. The hydrophobing agent contains organic silicon hydrophobic, silicon alkyl hydrophobic agent and/or stearic acid metal salt hydrophobing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ester compound (B) is chosen from cyclic carbonate of formula (III) and (meth)acrylate. The cyclic ether compound has cyclic ether group. The number of cyclic ether group in the cyclic ether compound is different from number of cyclic ether groups contained in the (meth)acrylate having cyclic ether structure.R12,R13=H, halo, 1-6C alkyl, alkenyl or phenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel electrolyte formation agent contains compound (C1) including (meth)acrylate of formula (I) having cyclic ether structure, compound (C2) including (meth)acrylate of formula (II) having chain ether structure, and ester compound (B) having carbon-carbon unsaturated bond(s), and compound (C) of formulae (IV)-(VI) having phenolic hydroxyl group. The amount (M1 (mol%)) of repeating unit (A1) of polymer (A) is 10-40 mol%. The mass ratio of polymer (A) and ester compound (B) is 1-100. The mass ratio of polymer (A) and compound (C) is 10-1000. The gel electrolyte formation composition further contains cyclic ether compound.R1,R5=H or methyl;R2=bivalent coupling group;R3,R8=H or monovalent organic group;two or more R4=H or monovalent organic group;m,n=0 or more;m+n,x=1 or more;R6=single bond or divalent organic group;R7=bivalent hydrocarbyl;R14,R15=optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy;n=0-5;m=0-3;andR16,R17=H or 1-10C alkyl.Preferred Property: The polymer (A) has number average molecular weight of 1000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): A monomer having a polymerizable functional group is dissolved in an organic solvent, and polymerized by Stille coupling reaction, Suzuki coupling reaction, Yamamoto coupling reaction or Kumada Tamao coupling reaction using an alkali, catalyst e.g. palladium acetate and bis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium dichloride, and ligand e.g. tri(cyclohexyl)phosphine and tri(tertiary butyl)phosphine. Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound further contains a nitrogen-containing repeating unit of formula (II). The amount of electron accepting compound contained in functional layer is 10-1000 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of high molecular compound. The electron accepting compound is a fullerene derivative.R=H or fluoro;andQ=oxygen atom, sulfur atom or selenium atom. EXAMPLE - 0.3 g 4,10-dibromo-7,7-bis(4-hexadecylphenyl)-3,11-dithiatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),4,9-tetraene, 0.124 g 4,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxa borolan-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole and 50 ml toluene were added to flask, 5.9 mg tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium and 7.4 mg tri tertiary butyl phosphonium tetrafluoroborate were added and stirred. 2 mol/L Potassium carbonate aqueous solution was dropped and refluxed for 5 hours. 7.8 mg Phenylboronic acid was added to the reaction liquid and refluxed for 1 hour. 0.1 g N,N-diethyl dithiol carbamic acid sodium trihydrate was added to the reaction liquid and refluxed for 3 hours. The reaction liquid was poured into water, toluene was added and toluene layer was extracted. The toluene solution was washed with acetic acid aqueous solution and water, and toluene solution was dropped into acetone and precipitate was obtained. The precipitate was dissolved in chlorobenzene, purified and filtered to obtain high molecular compound having number average molecular weight of 1.5x 104 and weight average molecular weight of 2.9x 104.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The outer sheet comprises a steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating body comprises a polyisocyanurate foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A reinforcing material is selected from the group carbon-containing nanoparticles, silicon oxide and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fiber-reinforced plastic molded parts are manufactured based on a thermoplastic selected from a group comprises polyethylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, self reinforcing polyphenylene, polyimide, polyamide and polyether or amorphous or semi-crystalline, or based on a thermoset, which is selected from a group comprises epoxy resin, amino resin, phenol resin, polyacrylate and polyurethane. A reinforcing material is selected from the group comprises fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crude glycerol is a crude glycerol by-produced in the manufacture of fatty-acid alkylester. Crude glycerol is the glycerol containing the polymer of glycerol. Preferred Process: Microwave heating of crude glycerol is performed in presence of phosphoric acid and reduced pressure. Glycerol containing polymer of glycerol as crude glycerol is put into the container, and continuous processing is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus content rate of the phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles is 6-8 %mass. The tin-containing alloy particles are tin-alloy particles having tin content of 1 %mass or more. The nickel-containing particles are nickel particles having nickel content of 1 %mass or more. The paste composition further contains silver particles. Preferred Properties: The glass particles have glass softening point of 650 degrees C or less and crystallization start temperature of more than 650 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer compound further has partial structure of formula (II). The partial structure of formula (II) is of formula (III). The organic photoelectric conversion element has reverse laminated constitution in which work function of electrode (A) is smaller than work function of electrode (B).R16,R17=H, 1-30C alkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, 2-30C alkylester, halo, 2-30C alkoxycarbonyl, 2-40C lakylamino carbonyl, 2-30C acyl, amino, or 2-30C acylamino (all optionally substituted).Preferred Process: The photoelectric conversion layer is formed by coating solution. Preferred Definitions:    R6,R7=1-20C haloalkyl, or cyano, 2-20C acyl or nitro (all optionally substituted with halo).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rigid foam layer is made from at least one material selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyetherimide, polymethacrylimide, styreneacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbonate, ethylene vinyl acetate, balsa wood, polyisocyanurate, polyethylene, carbon, aluminum, polyethylene naphthalate, polyolefin and polypropylene. The skin layer is made from at least one material selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl fluoride, polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride; polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene co-polymer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide-12; polyamide-11, polymethyl methacralate, polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized steel, titanium, copper, molybdenum, polyethylene resin with glass fiber and polypropylene resin with glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, biaxially oriented polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and combinations while the second polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene napthalate, polycarbonate, and combinations. Third polymeric material is polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode active material is of formula: Lia(MxMn2-x-yAy)(O4-wZw) (II)x=0.4-1.2;y=0 or less;x+y=less than 2;a=0-1.2;w=0-1;M=Co, Ni, Fe, Cr or Cu;A=Li, B, Na, Mg, Al, Ti, Si, K or Ca;andZ=F or Cl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution in the lithium ion secondary battery further contains fluorinated solvent. The fluorinated solvent is fluorinated ether of formula: R101-O-R102 (I).R101,R102=alkyl or fluorine-substituted alkyl, in which at least one of R101,R102 is fluorine-substituted alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cyano group-containing polymer is cyanoethylation polymer, by which portion(s) of hydroxyl group in polymer is substituted by cyanoethyl group. The cyanoethylation polymer is chosen from cyanoethylation pullulan, cyanoethylation starch, cyanoethylation cellulose and cyanoethylation polyvinyl alcohol. The amount of cyano group-containing polymer in the electrolyte solution is 1-10 %mass, preferably 3-7 %mass or less. Preferred Properties: The substitutional rate of cyanoethyl group in cyanoethylation polymer is 40% or more. The molecular weight of cyano-group containing polymer is 10000-1 million.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive oxide includes indium-tin oxide, indium-tungsten oxide, indium-titanium oxide, indium-molybdenum oxide, indium-niobium oxide, indium-gadolinium oxide, indium-zinc oxide, indium-zirconium oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, boron-zinc oxide, gadolinium-zinc oxide and fluorine-tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler is calcium carbonate which is surface-treated calcium carbonate obtained by surface-treating calcium carbonate using acrylic acid and/or polyacrylic acid or their derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinkable silicon group is of formula: -(Si(-Xb)(-R12-b)-O)n-Si(R13-a)-Xa (I) or triorganosiloxy group of formula: -Si(Xb)-(R12-b)-O- (II).R1=1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 6-20C aryl, 7-20C aralkyl or R13SiO-;X=hydroxy or hydrolysable group, preferably methoxy;n=0-19;a=0-3;b=0-2;anda+b=1 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The saturated hydrocarbon-type polymer having crosslinkable silicon group at terminal of polymer molecule chain is isobutylene-type polymer or hydrogenated polybutadiene-type polymer. The (meth)acrylate-type polymer is alkyl (meth)acrylate-type polymer, preferably alkyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner layer consists of acid-modified polyolefin resin film. The oxygen-permeating film is formed of sulfo-type ion exchange resin and fluorine-type ion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active material of positive electrode is lithium-iron-phosphorus-containing complex oxide of formula: LiFe1-xM'xPO4 (II) or lithium-manganese-nickel-cobalt-containing complex oxide of formula: LiaMnbNicCodD'eO2 (III). The active material of negative electrode contains lithium titanate, or silicon and/or tin, or lithium metal.M'=cobalt, nickel or manganese;x=0.1-0.3;D'=zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, titanium or tin;a=more than 0 to 1.1;b,c,d=0.1-0.7;ande=0-0.03.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The water-repelling process of the surface of positive electrode is carried out, by silane coupling agent, aluminum coupling agent or titanium coupling agent. Preferred Component: The coupling agent has organic functional group chosen from at least one of alkyl group, amino group, vinyl group, epoxy group, methacryloxy group, polysulfide group, chloropropyl group, mercapto group and acryloxy group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte contains electrically insulation inorganic particles, nonwoven fabric or resin-made microporous film. Preferred Definitions:    S'=amide bond or ester bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-based anode comprises lithium metal, lithium-metal based alloy, lithium-intercalation compound, and lithium titanate. The lithium-intercalation compound comprises graphite, mesocarbon microbead carbon, and soft carbon. The air cathode is porous. The nonaqueous electrolyte comprises lithium salt and organosilicon compound. The air cathode comprises oxygen-reduction catalyst. The oxygen-reduction catalyst is chosen from electrolytic manganese (IV) dioxide, ruthenium (IV) oxide, copper (II) oxide, copper (II) hydroxide, iron (II) oxide, iron (II,III) oxide, cobalt (II,III) oxide, nickel (II) oxide, silver, platinum and iridium. The oxygen is a component of air. The cathode further comprises lithium peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(oxalato) borate, lithium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, lithium bromide, and lithium iodide. The organosilicon compound is silane having polyethyleneoxide side chain. The silane is of formula (I).n=1-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The ionomer is removed using heat, gravity, inertia force, wind force, and/or surface tension. The ionomer removal using heat involves heating edge-portion side of the ionomer-coated catalyst-supporting carbon nanotube by at least 1 heating unit chosen from a laser and a heat ray. Burning off of the said ionomer of the carbon nanotube edge portion adhering relatively more nearly many than another portion is carried out. The ionomer removal using gravity involves setting surface direction of base material by inclining to angle ( theta ) to 0-90 degrees with respect to perpendicular direction. The ionomer removal using inertia force involves vibrating catalyst-supporting carbon nanotube and rotating. The ionomer removal using wind force involves applying a wind to the at least edge-portion side of the catalyst-supporting carbon nanotube. The ionomer removal using surface tension involves contacting material with high hydrophilic property with the edge-portion side of the catalyst-supporting carbon nanotube, infiltrating the material and removing. The adhesion of the ionomer to carbon nanotube after coating and before removing is weakened rather than the adhesion during ionomer coating. The adhesion is weakened by contacting with another ionomer solution whose ionomer concentration is less than the previous ionomer solution, and/or an organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is self-made silane coupling agent, which is prepared by carrying out addition reaction of KH-792 and acrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler contains an inorganic oxide, lithium, preferably aluminum lithium, or ferroelectric substance with particle size of 2 nm to -10 microns. The inorganic oxide is titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and/or copper oxide. The ferroelectric material is barium titanate. The inorganic filler has a particle diameter of 2 nm to -10 microns. BIOLOGY- Preferred Components: The modifying agent is chitosan, cellulose and/or glucose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer powder comprises polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The solvent is deionized water, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and/or N,N-dimethylformamide. The polymer powder has a mass fraction of 5-30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Titania sol is obtained by dissolving tetrabutyl titanate and absolute ethyl alcohol A glacial acetic acid, stirring for 30-120 minutes, adding deionized water and mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol, and stirring for 6 hours. Preferred Composition: The ratio of tetrabutyl titanate, absolute ethyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, and water is 1:10-20:5-20:1-10. The addition amount of polyethylene glycol to titania sol is 5-30% with respect to total content of titania sol. The foam ceramic is silicon carbide of alumina foam ceramic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The initiator is persulfate. The persulfate is potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coupling agent is ethylene siloxane, vinyl triethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl triacetoxysilane. The emulsifier is alkyl sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, or fatty acid methyl ester. The alkyl benzene sulfonate is sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate. The fatty acid methyl ester is sodium sulfoisophthalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The acrylic ester is methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The argon or nitrogen has a purity of more than 99%. The substrate is indium titanium oxide glass, aluminum doped zinc oxide glass, fluoride doped titanium oxide glass, indium titanium oxide/polyethylene naphthalate, indium titanium oxide/naphthalene/indium titanium oxide and/or or polybutylene terephthalate naphthalene ester. The anode modification layer comprises silicon oxide, tungsten oxide or nickel oxide. The anode electrode is silver, aluminum, copper, gold or graphite having a thickness of 1-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl acetal resin is polyvinyl butyral resin. The polyvinyl acetal film further contains additive and plasticizer. The plasticizer is chosen from triethyleneglycol bis-2-ethyl hexanoate, tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate, triethyleneglycol bis-2-ethyl butyrate, triethyleneglycol bis-2-heptanoate, dibutoxyethoxyethyl adipate and bis-2-hexyl adipate. The additive is chosen from antioxidant, ultraviolet stabilizer and ultraviolet absorber. Preferred Property: The polyvinyl acetal film has surface roughness of 20 mu m or greater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the additive is 1-80 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. The additive is chosen from boron nitride, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide and wollastonite. Preferred Property: The average particle size of the additive 0.5-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is 15-32 wt.%. Preferred Process: The manufacture of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer sheet involves melt-kneading ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, additive, ultraviolet-absorbing agent and stabilizer at 80-220 degrees C, mixing obtained resin composition with organic peroxide as crosslinking agent and silane coupling agent, and molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aluminum is aluminum metal powder of sphere shape or flake.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic additive preferably comprises aluminum, gallium, zinc and titanium. The organic additive component containing aluminum is aluminum acetate, aluminum acetylacetonate, aluminum triethoxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum lactate, aluminum metaphosphate, aluminum phenoxide, aluminum butoxide and aluminum tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate). The organic additive component containing gallium is gallium acetylacetonate, gallium phosphide, 7-dimethylamino-4-hydroxy-3-iodo-phenoxazine-1-carboxylic acid, gallium-2,4- pentandionate and gallium sulfate. The organic additive component containing zinc is chosen from zinc acetate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc methacrylate, zinc naphthenate, octa-butoxyphthalocyanine zinc salt, zinc stearate, zinc toluenesulfonate and zinc undecylenate. The organic additive component (C) containing titanium is chosen from titanium bis(ammoniumlactate)dihydroxide, titanium tert-butoxide, titanium chloride tetrahydrofuran, tetraethyl ortho-titanate, tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl)ortho titanate, isopropyltri(dioctyl phosphato)titanate, tetra isopropyl ortho titanate, titanium oxy acetylacetonate, tetrapropyl ortho titanate and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic vehicle is chosen from cellulosic resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, urea resin and/or ester gum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic beads are chosen from silicon oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, talc, clay, calcined kaolin, calcium silicate, calcium silicate hydrate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate and calcium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic beads are polyolefin type, polyester type, polyamide type, polyimide type, acrylstyrene type, silicone type, polystyrene type, benzoguanamine type, melamine type, polyfluoroethylene type, polymethyl methacrylate type or polycarbonate type. The encapsulating material is ethylenevinylacetate copolymer, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or polyvinyl butyral. The front side sheet and back sheet are made of polyestersulfone, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylenesulfide, aramid, polyamidoimide, polyimide, aromatic polyimide, polyether imide, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinylchloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A porous metal oxide structure is formed on the substrate and the dye is adsorbed on the metal oxide structure. The porous metal oxide structure comprises metal oxide(s) chosen from tin oxide, titania, ferric oxide, ferrosoferric oxide, cobaltous oxide, cobalt oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, cupric oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, nickel oxide, molybdic oxide, tungstic oxide, lithium titanate, and/or tin silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transferring heat filler is made of beryllia, silica, boron nitride, aluminum-nitride, silicon carbide, oxidation boron, carbonic titanium, silicon nitride, mullite, graphite or diamond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transferring heat filler is made of aluminum, copper, silver, iron, alumina or magnesia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heteroatom is chosen from oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom, tin atom and silicon atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition :The group ( alpha ) is of -CH(-R2)-R1-OH (I).R1=single bond or divalent 1-30C organic group;andR2=H or monovalent 1-30C organic group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer (P1) is styrene-type polymer. The polysiloxane is hydrolysis-condensation product of hydrolysable silane compound containing silane compound of formula: (R3)a-Si-(R4)4-a. The content of polysiloxane is 20-200 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polymer.R3=1-8C alkyl or 6-30C organic group containing aromatic ring, where one portion or all portion of H in alkyl is optionally substituted;R4=Cl or monovalent group of formula: -OR5;R5=H, 1-6C alkyl, 1-6C acyl or 6-15C aryl, where one portion or all portion of H in alkyl, acyl and aryl is optionally substituted;anda=1-3.Preferred Process: Before forming self-organizing film, lower layer film (102) is formed on substrate, pre-pattern (103) is formed on the lower layer film, and self-organizing film is formed on the lower layer film divided with the pre-pattern.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is diethanolamine. The content rate of organic compound in sealing material (s2) is more than the content rate of organic compound in sealing material (12). The sealing material (13) further contains a coloring agent and a lubricating agent. The lubricating agent is phosphite-type compound. Preferred Property: The thickness of sealing material (12) is more than the thickness of said sealing material (13).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material (12) contains 0.075-0.3 parts mass organic compound with respect to 100 parts mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The sealing material (13) contains 0.15-1 parts mass organic compound with respect to 100 parts mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate layer has one or more surface polar functional groups including aminos, carboxyls, and hydroxyls. The first outer layer includes a crosslinking agent. The multilayer film further includes silane present in at least one of the layers of the first outer layer, the second outer layer, the intermediate layer, a layer between the first outer layer and the intermediate layer, and a layer between the second outer layer and the intermediate layer. The silane is an amino substituted organosilane. The second outer layer is multilayered, and includes at least one of pigments and adhesion promoting agents. (I) is non-transparent. (I) further includes a primer layer between the first outer layer and the intermediate layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bonding composition includes at least one of an epoxy resin, urethane resin, urea resin, and an acrylate resin. The intermediate layer includes polyethylene terephthalate. The bonding composition is blended with the fluoropolymer. The first outer layer includes multiple layers and one of the layers includes the fluoropolymer and one of the layers includes the bonding composition. The second outer layer further includes comonomer (1-10%). The second outer layer includes a polymer blend. The second outer layer includes interpolymerized units of ethylene vinyl acetate. The fluoropolymer is at least one of a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of vinyl fluoride, a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, a copolymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene, and a homopolymer of vinyl fluoride. The fluoropolymer is at least one of interpolymerized units of fluorinated monomers and non-fluorinated monomers. The fluoropolymer is semi-crystalline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal powder is nickel, copper, or silver. The metal plating is nickel, copper, silver, or their alloys. The non-metal powder is carbon, graphite, or an amine-based material. The micron conductive fiber or conductive fiber is stainless steel fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral loads of the nonfluorinated polymeric comprise titanium dioxide, silica, quartz, alumina, calcium carbonate, talc, mica, dolomite, montmorillonite, barium sulfate, zirconium silicate and iron oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nonfluorinated polymer is polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The engagement unit is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method makes use of activated carbon, zeolite and/or bentonite as the adsorbent material, where a grain size of the adsorber particles is 0.1-2 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method makes use of demineralized water or carbon dioxide as a blowing agent for the in-situ foaming.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymerization or polyreaction makes use of polyurethane, epoxy resin, phenol- and/or melamine resin, nitrile-butadiene rubber and/or fluorine (carbon)-rubber as a polymer body. The amount of adsorbent material used in the method is of 30-80 wt.%. The adsorbent material with complex geometry is depicted as the adsorber foam. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Module: In the solar cell module, the panel of heat conductive material and the solar cell element are arranged with heat conductive elastomer layer interposed between them. The heat conductive elastomer layer is formed from heat-conductive silicone rubber having a thermal conductivity at least 0.2 W/m.K and up to 5 W/m.K. The panel of transparent material and the panel of heat conductive material are arranged such that a spacer member is placed at the end of the space between the panels, or fixed together by a frame member which is spanned between the panels' peripheries. The panel of heat conductive material is formed from glass, synthetic resin, or metal, or composite material. The solar cell element is formed from silicon material. The light-transmitting elastomer member is a cured product of silicone rubber composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic device material further contains electron-accepting organic material. The electron-accepting organic material is fullerene compound, preferably 70C fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: Base material metal is aluminum (alloy), stainless steel, copper (alloy) or nickel (alloy). Metal zinc-containing film contains iron, nickel, and/or cobalt. Preferred Process: Deep drawing, ironing, or stretch draw process are performed. The process involves removing oxide film on the surface of base material metal before the formation process of foundation film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Laminate film or resin coating film contains polyolefin or acid-modified polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Vapor deposition film layer contains metal tin or tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A part or all of the monomer which has alicyclic structure is cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate. Gas-barrier coating layer, which is a dry film of thin film consisting of coating liquid which contains water-soluble polymer, alkoxysilane, or its hydrolysis product, is provided on the surface of the vapor deposition film layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): Boron-containing compound of formula: Q100-E1-Q200 and compound of formula: T1-E2-T2, are subjected to Suzuki coupling reaction in presence of palladium catalyst and base to obtain high molecular compound.E1=aromatic structural unit of formula: -Ar1-;Ar1=group containing thiophene ring;Q100,Q200=dihydroxyboryl or boric-acid-ester residue;E2= bicyclic-type structural unit (I);andT1,T2=halo or sulfonic-acid residue.Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound is ( pi )-conjugated polymer compound which is of formula (II).X3a1,X3a2=X1;Y3a1=Y1;W3a1=W1;W3a2=group different from W3a1;andQ3a1,Q3a2=dihydroxy boryl, boric-acid-ester residue or substituted stannyl. Preferred Definitions:    W1=fluoro;    W2=alkoxy;    X1,X2=N;and    Y1=X or O.    EXAMPLE - 4,7-Dibromo-5-fluoro-6-(hexyloxy)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (100 mg), tributyl((4-(dibutyl(pentyl)stannyl)-8-(4,8-dimethylnonyl)-8-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-7-oxa-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-11-yl))stannane (255 mg) and toluene (19 ml), were mixed, and obtained toluene solution was bubbled with argon for 30 minutes. Tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (6.6 mg), and tris(dibenzylidine acetone)dipalladium (3.33 mg) were added to obtained toluene solution, stirred, and phenyl trimethyl tin (10 mg) was added to resultant reaction liquid and reacted. Phenyl bromide (50 mg) was added to obtained mixture, stirred for 5 hours, cooled at 25 degrees C, filtered, and obtained polymer was precipitated. The resultant product was filtered, extracted, and the organic layer was washed to obtain high molecular compound having weight average molecular weight of 47300 and number average molecular weight of 14300.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imprint material further contains solvent. The ratio of the component (I) is 10-95 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of the components (I, II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal is magnetic metal component, preferably copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer comprises 0.1-10 mol second and third structural units with respect to 1 mol first structural units. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin layer includes an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as a main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Polyolefin resin (a) is low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear LDPE (LLDPE), soft polypropylene resin, and/or ethylene-butene copolymer. Modified polyolefin-type resin composition is epoxy-modified polyolefin resin composition obtained by melt-kneading 100 pts. wt. component (a), 0.01-5 pts. wt. radical polymerization initiators (b), 0.01-10 pts. wt. epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomers (c), and 0-3 pts. wt. aromatic vinyl monomers (d) in an extruder. Component (a) is soft polypropylene resin with heat of fusion of less than or equal to 10 J/g. Component (a) is ethylene-propylene copolymer containing 1-30 wt.% ethylene. Component (c) is glycidyl (meth)acrylate. Preferred Parameters: Solar cell module has steam barrier property of less than or equal to 2 (g/m2.day)/0.4 mm and adhesive strength with glass during bonding processing at 170 degrees C of greater than or equal to 80 N/10 mm width for 180 degrees peel strength test. Preferred Processes: Metal oxide (e) is adhered on surface of strand by allowing the next strand to pass through the cooling water containing component (e) as strand process cooling the strand. Ultrasonic vibration energy is provided to cooling water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin of the non-thermal fusibility is polyolefin synthesized by metallocene catalyst, or polypropylene synthesized by metallocene catalyst. The thermal fusibility resin is epoxy-modified polyolefin resin obtained by modifying polyolefin resin (a). The polyolefin resin (a) is ethylene propylene copolymer with ethylene content of 1-30 wt.%. Preferred Process: The mixing is carried out by adhering in strand of the thermal fusibility resin of the powder. The epoxy-modified polyolefin resin is obtained by melt-kneading 100 pts. wt. polyolefin resin (a), 0.01-5 pts. wt. radical polymerization initiator (b), 0.01-10 pts. wt. epoxy group-containing vinyl monomers (c) and 0-3 pts. wt. aromatic vinyl monomers (d), in an extruder. During manufacture of solar cell module, ultrasonic vibration energy is provided to the cooling water. The adhesion process is carried out by adhering powder on the surface of strand, while cooling the strands by allowing the next strand to pass through to cooling water containing the powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst material has outer shell portions formed using carbon in which catalyst metal is supported and inner space is formed inside of the outer shell portion. The outer shell portions consist of porous and hollow carbon particles provided with the interior space and micropore connected. The catalyst material in which crater of uneven shape is formed over the whole surface of the outer shell portion. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of carbonaceous microparticles is 20-100 nm. The average particle diameter of polymer particles is 100-600 nm. The droplet of dispersion liquid sprayed in the heating furnace has average particle diameter of 1-10 mu m. The average particle diameter of catalyst material-carrying carbon particles is 2-8 mu m. The average hole diameter of micropores of catalyst material is 10-500 nm. The average particle diameter of catalyst metal is 1-10 nm. The average particle diameter of catalyst-carrying carbon particles is 200 nm to 10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The catalyst metal solution further contains surfactant. The mass ratio of surfactant with respect to 100 parts mass carbonaceous microparticles distributed to the catalyst metal solution is 0.1-10. The catalyst metal is platinum or alloy having metal contained in a platinum group as main component. Preferred Process: The polymer component is removed from the mixed aggregate in an inert gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel cell has a water structure which includes a hydrophilic coating and a hydrophobic coating, in which the hydrophilic coating is a metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is oxazoline-type crosslinking agent, carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent, melamine-type crosslinking agent, or triazine-containing compound of formula (I) or (II).R1,R2,R11,R12=H or halo;M=H, monovalent metal atom, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl;R13,R14=H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or -NHR15;R15=alkyl or acyl;or R13+R14+O, S or N-R16=5- or 6-membered ring;andR16=alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer layer (16) contains 80-0 %mass acrylic resin, and structure derived from 0.5-80 %mass crosslinking agent. The binder of polymer layer (16) comprises polyolefin resin and/or styrene-butadiene-type gum resin. The concentration of carbon black is 8 %mass or less with respect to binder. Preferred Layer: The polymer sheet further has overcoat layer containing 20-100 %mass ionomer-type polyolefin resin and/or rubber-type resin on polymer layer (16). Preferred Properties: The polymer sheet has contraction percentage of 1% or less after heat processing at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes and break elongation of 50% or more, measured after processing in atmosphere at 120 degrees C and relative humidity of 100% for 48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is chosen from terpene series solvent containing compound which has at least 1 hydroxyl group in molecule, or polyhydric alcohol group solvent having carbon number with respect to number of hydroxyl groups of less than 5 compounds. Content of electroconductive fine particles is 60 to 85 weight%, The further contains glass frit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Organic framework used for manufacturing polymer material is obtained from 4-(4-pyridine)benzoic acid, lactic acid, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and N,N-dimethylformamide. The molar ratio of 4-(4-pyridine)benzoic acid, lactic acid, zinc nitrate hexahydrate is 1:0.8-1.2:1-2. Organic solution of iodine is a solution of iodine in n-hexane or solution of iodine in hexamethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Sodium phosphofluoride is dissolved in mixed solvent containing main solvent of electrolyte solution. The manufacture of negative electrode material involves adding conductive support agent and/or binder. Preferred Composition: The negative electrode material further comprises element (i) chosen from tin, arsenic, bismuth, germanium, gallium, lead, carbon. The content of sulfur, antimony, and element (i) is 10-70 mol%, 10-70 mol% and 3-60 mol%, respectively. The sulfide complex contains 0.5-40 mol% of components of germanium. The composite powder is composite powder with which component (B) is coated by surface of component (A). The content of component (A) and component (B) with respect to total content of component (A) and component (B) is 40-95 mass%, and 60-5 mass%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The main solvent comprises ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate, and sub-solvent comprises ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The end cover is made of acryl, zinc-plated plate or stainless steel plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The mark is made of PVC barrel or common identification portrait plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: Bis-boron acid pinacol ester derivative (VII) is in presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), to obtain bibenzofuran compound (III). Preferred Compound: The bibenzofuran compound is of formula (III) or (IV).R 1,R 2,R 12,R 12=R 13;Y 1-Y 4=single bond or X (excluding methylbenzene compound), in which hydrogen atom is optionally substituted fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, thio, -NR 4R 5, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;Z 1-Z 4=single bond or group chosen from 21 groups e.g. groups of formula (z-1)-(z-5), in which hydrogen atom is optionally substituted fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, thio, -NR 4R 5, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;m,n=1-1000;k=1-4;R 6-R 10=R 3;X 2=S, NR 6 or SiR 7R 8;X 3=S, NR 6, CR 7R 8 or SiR 7R 8;andX 5=S, O or NR 6. EXAMPLE - 81 mg 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-bis(pinacol boronate) and 15 ml toluene were mixed under nitrogen atmosphere, 22 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and 8 ml aqueous sodium carbonate solution were added, reacted at 90 degrees C for 12 hours, 232 mg phenylboronic acid and 11 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium were added, reacted at 90 degrees C for 4 hours, 298 mg phenyl bromide and 11 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium were added, reacted at 90 degrees C for 4 hours, cooled to room temperature, methanol was added, reprecipitated, washed using methanol and ultrapure water, subjected to Soxhlet extractor with acetone for 9 hours, and dried, to obtain 143 mg blackish-purple crystal with yield of 72%, number average molecular weight of 2980, weight average molecular weight of 4073, and molecular distribution of 1.37.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PET plate composed of an upper PET film layer, substrate layer, and the lower PET film layer. The glass layer is a toughened glass layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The high-thermal conductive material further contains polymer resin (0.1-5 parts weight). The polymers resin is chosen from polyestersulfone, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylenesulfide, aramid, polyamideimide, polyimide, aromatic polyimide, polyetherimide, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylchloride. The content of polymer high-thermal conductive material comprises 0.1 about the polymer resin 100 parts by weight of the back sheet through 5 parts by weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The conductive transparent substrate is chosen from glass substrate, plastic substrate, indium-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide or aluminum oxide, and tin-based oxide. The semiconductor particles are chosen from composite metal oxides, metal oxide, and perovskite structured oxide, preferably silicon, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, and/or titanium strontium oxide. The semiconductor particles have average particle diameter of less than 50 nm. The secondary electrode comprises platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, osmium, carbon, conductive polymer and their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Amino compound of formula: NH(-A)(-B') (A) and thiophene compound of formula (B) are reacted to obtain thiophene derivative of formula (C). Dye (I) is obtained from the derivative (C). Preferred Compound: The dye is chosen from 28 claimed compounds e.g. compound of formulae (Ia)-(Ie). The light absorption layer further comprises additive of formula: X-COOH, preferably deoxycholic acid. The amount of additive with respect to 100 pts.wt. of dye is 100-3000 pts.wt. The light absorption layer has thickness of less than 25 mu m.X=ether, thioether, ester, or 3-20C alkyl, 3-20C alkoxy, 6-30C aryl, aryleneoxy, alkylthio, amino, 6-30C arylene, alkenyl, 6-30C aryloxy, 3-20C arylene, or 3-20C alkylene (all optionally substituted).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The plastic substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide, triacetyl cellulose and their mixture. Preferred Definitions:    C'=group of formula (a);    E'=carboxy, phosphorous acid group, sulfonic acid group, phosphinic acid group, hydroxy, oxycarboxylic acid, acid amide, boric acid, or their mixture;and    n=0-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic coating layer comprises alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, silica, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum sulfate, organosilane, silane coupling agent, and/or carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulating layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyetheretherketone, polyimide, and/or polyethersulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran or 3-methoxy propionnitrile. The oxidation-reduction derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and pyridinium salts. The additive is t-butylpyridine or 2-dimethylaminopyridine. The gel-type electrolyte further comprises supporting electrolyte chosen from imidazolium iodide, pyridinium iodide and pyrrollinium iodide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The shear thinning power law index is 0.1-0.8. The set of ceramic particles is present at an amount of 3-50 (preferably 5-20) wt.%. The set of ceramic particles includes titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, lithium oxide, beryllium oxide, strontium oxide, scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide (CeO2 or Ce2O3), praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, holmium oxide, erbium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, lutetium oxide, thorium oxide, uranium oxide, zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon oxide, carbon and hafnium oxide. The set of boron compound particles is present at an amount of 1-20 (preferably 3-10) wt.%. The set of boron compound particles includes elemental boron, boron powder, boron nitride, boron oxide, boron carbide, and any of the phases of boron silicide (BxSi), titanium boride (TiBx), magnesium boride (MgBx), hafnium boride (HfBx), gadolinium boride (GdBx), zirconium boride (ZrBx), tantalum boride (TaBx), cerium boride (CeBx) and lanthanum boride (LaBx), where x is 2-6. The set of binder molecules is present at an amount of 0.5-7 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The set of binder molecules comprises ethyl cellulose and terpineol, and is present at an amount of 0.5-7 wt.%. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diffusive layer is comprised any one of titanium dioxide, barium sulfate and white paint.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The diffusive layer is comprised any one of polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - The rechargeable electrochemical cell comprises a liquid electrolyte containing a lithium-containing conductive salt. The rechargeable electrochemical cell comprises at least one non-aqueous solvent selected from polymers, cyclic or noncyclic ethers, noncyclic or cyclic acetals and cyclic or noncyclic organic carbonates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The graphitized carbon black has a BET surface area of 1 to 150 m2/g. The graphitized carbon black has been obtained by thermal treatment of a carbon black which has been produced by a process selected from furnace process, gas black process, lamp black process, acetylene black process and thermal black process, at a temperature of more than 2000 degrees C. The graphitized carbon black is in the form of particles having an average particle size of 0.5 mu m to 1 mu m. The cathode active material comprises 0-0.05 wt.% based on the total mass of the cathode active material, of a transition metal or transition metal compound in molecular form or in the form of particles having an average particle size of 1 nm to 100 mu m. The molecular oxygen O2 is reduced at the cathode in the course of the discharge operation of the electrochemical cell. The anode comprises metallic lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition forming primary layer (a) further contains 0.01-8 %mass fluorine-type additives (D). The fluororesin is polyvinylidene fluoride. The resin composition forming secondary layer (b) contains methacrylate resin (A). The resin laminated material film further has resin film layer provided with vapor deposition layer of metal or vapor deposition layer of inorganic oxide or metal foil, and barrier layer chosen from barriering resin film layer. Preferred Property: The ratio of the thickness of primary layer (a) and thickness of secondary layer (b) is 99/1-1/99.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The contact bonding layer is formed of polyol containing urethane type adhesive agent. The base layer is formed of single layer film of polyamide film and multilayer film of polyester film or polyamide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-crosslinked resin does not have a vinyl acetate monomer unit. The crosslinked resin is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Sealing portion (13a) contains polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The barrier layer is obtained using adhesive agent containing pigment. The pigment is carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer contains silica as microparticles filler, and resin chosen from polyvinylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene, polyester resin, phenol resin, fluororesin, cellulose ester, olefin resin, urethane resin and acrylic resin. The slipping agent layer consists of fatty acid amide type-resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer film is made of acrylic rubber, ethylene-acrylate rubber, polyurethane rubber, bromobutyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, chlorobutadiene rubber, polyethylene chlorsulfonisiertes, ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, per-fluoro rubber, fluorine rubber, fluoromethyl-polysiloxane, butyl rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene Rubber, natural rubber, styrene-butadiene Rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride and polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer sheet is 0.7-1 mm. The melt-flow-rate of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 35 g/10 minutes or less based on JIS K7210 at 190 degrees C and load of 21.18 N. Preferred Composition: The resin composition contains a crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor material with relatively wide band-gap of 1.17eV is executed with low-doped and diffusion and produced as substrate with double surface black silicon by electrochemical processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pipe unions are made of thermoplastic material that is selected from a group consisting of thermally conductive optimized polyamide 6 or 6.6, heat-conductive optimized polycarbonate, heat-conductive optimized polycarbonate, thermally conductive optimized polyphenylene oxide, thermally conductive optimized polybutylene terephthalate, thermally conductive optimized acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, thermally conductive optimized polyethylene, thermally conductive optimized PTFE, thermally conductive optimized polyurethane, thermally conductive optimized polyvinylidene fluoride, thermally conductive optimized polypropylene-ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) copolymer and/or thermally conductive optimized PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell submodule has light absorption layer including copper-indium-selenide film or copper-indium-gallium-selenide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The back surface protective layer consists of metal sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface protective layer consists of plastic sheet, blue plate glass having thickness of 0.8-2 mm, or white-board glass. The frameless solar cell module further has water vapor barrier film (24) provided between the surface protective layer and adhesion filler (22) such that the peripheral seal is provided in the outer side of the adhesion filler, water vapor barrier film and back sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content rate of monomer unit is 0.05-5 mol%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl alcohol-type polymer has average polymerization degree of 200-5000, and saponification degree of 60-99.9 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The electrode (B) is counter electrode. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2=fluoro.    EXAMPLE - 2-Ethyl-5,6-difluoro-4,7-diiodo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,3-benzodiazole was reacted with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium to obtain 2-ethyl-4,7-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,3-benzodiazole. The resulting product was reacted with N-bromosuccinimide in presence of teterahydrofuran to obtain 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-(2-methylpropyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-2-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1,3-benzodiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: In the method, forming the photovoltaic film overlying the surface region comprises at least a process comprising deposition, chemical reaction, painting, printing, spraying, sputtering or plating. Forming the powder coating is performed at room temperature to less than 500 degrees C. Forming the powder coating overlying the barrier layer comprises using an electrostatic nozzle to spray many charged powder particles on the substrate being electrically grounded. Performing the thermal treatment process comprises a temperature of 100-400 degrees C for less than or equal to 10 minutes, so that the cured powder coating is free of bubbles and pin-holes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The P-type or N-type photosensitive material comprises silicon, germanium, compound semiconductor of group III-V or II-VI, copper indium diselenide, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, metal oxide bearing semiconductor material or nano structured material. The powder coating comprises a thickness of 10 nm to 3 mm. The encapsulating material comprises at least one material comprising ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, paint, reflowable glass or sol gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Diketone compound of formula (III) is reacted with ester compound of formula: HZ-CH2-C(=O)-OR2 (IV) to obtain tetrahydropentalene compound of formula (V). The resulting compound is oxidized to obtain hydroxyl derivative of formula (VI). The hydroxyl derivative is reacted with anhydrous acetic acid to obtain anhydride group-containing compound of formula (VII). The resulting compound is reacted with primary amine of formula: RNH2 (VIII) to obtain organic semiconductor compound of formula (I).X=halo;andR1,R2=1-30C alkyl.Preferred Composition: The polymeric compound is of formula (a)-(e). The polymeric compound of formula (II) is obtained by reacting aryl compound of formula (IX) and diketone compound of formula: R1O-C(=O)-C(=O)-OR1 (X) in presence of organolithium compound.X1=halo. Preferred Definitions:    Z=sulfur;and    R=1-30C alkyl.    EXAMPLE - 2-Oxa-5,7-dithia-cyclopenta(a)pentalene-1,3-dione was reacted with octylamine in presence of dimethyl formamide, to obtain 3-decanoylthieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. The resulting product was then reacted with thionyl chloride in presence of dichloromethane to obtain 10-octyl-4,7-dithia-10-azatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2,5-triene-9,11-dione.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic solid electrolyte is sulfide glass and/or sulfide glass ceramics containing lithium sulfide and phosphorus pentasulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alicyclic structure-containing polymer is a vinyl alicyclic hydrocarbon-type polymer obtained by hydrogenating 90% or more of carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds of copolymer of vinyl aromatic monomer and other monomer copolymerizable with the aromatic monomer. The hydrogenated block copolymer has polymer block (A) essentially having vinyl aromatic monomeric unit obtained by hydrogenating carbon-carbon unsaturated bond of the aromatic ring and polymer block (B) essentially having linear conjugated diene monomeric unit obtained by hydrogenating carbon-carbon unsaturated bond. The weight ratio of polymer block (A) with respect to polymer block (B) is 20:80-60:40. Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of alicyclic structure-containing polymer is 30000-200000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The back surface protection sheet further has a reflection layer which reflects light with a wavelength of 700-2500 nm. The black resin layer and the reflection layer are laminated by co-extruding method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorescent material is organic fluorescent substance or rare earth metal complex. The rare earth metal complex is europium metal complex. The refractive index of the transparent material is 1.4 or more and is less than fluorescent material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The wavelength conversion type solar cell sealing material further contains resin composition layer or m layer consisting of transparent layer and resin composition layer. The light incident side of m layer has refractive index of n1 to nm, in increasing order.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst layer is comprised with platinum. The semiconductor layer is comprised by titanium dioxide, Zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, indium trioxide, niobium trioxide or tin dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material is comprised by transparent resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nano-sized crystalline titania powder is obtained by precipitating mixed aqueous solution containing 1-50 wt.% titanium alkoxide, 200-1000 pts. wt. water and 2-20 moles acetic acid, and dispersing in alcohol solvent. The titanium alkoxide is titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium propoxide and titanium butoxide. The chloride compound is chosen from hydrochloric acid, tetraalkylammonium chloride and titanium chloride. The alcohol solvent is ethanol. The dispersing agent is carboxylic acid derivative, phosphoric acid derivative, amine derivative and glycol derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The macromolecular binder is polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and alkyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The thickness of the high temperature resistant coating dry film is controlled to 1-10 mu m. Preferred Components: The solvent is acetone or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite cathode material further contains 0-10 weight% copper oxide. The oxidizing gas is chosen from air, oxygen, oxygen and air, oxygen and nitrogen, and argon gas and oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is chosen from transparent conductive glass, stainless steel foil or polyimide. The semiconductor layer contains titanium dioxide, nano-particles and nanotubes or nanowire zinc oxide. Preferred Property: The thickness of semiconductor layer is 100 nm to 40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The stator coil without an iron core is made of fiberglass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The permanent magnet is made in a form of rod-shaped rectangular magnets made of neodymium iron boron and ferrite materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The comonomer of polyvinylidene fluoride is trifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, 1,2-difluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl)ether, and/or perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole. The comonomer of polymethylmethacrylate is alkyl (meth)acrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene, and/or isoprene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinylidene fluoride resin is obtained by copolymerizing vinylidene fluoride and comonomer in a weight ratio of 50:50-99:1. The polymethylmethacrylate resin is obtained by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate and comonomer in a weight ratio of 50:50-99:1. Preferred Properties: The polyvinylidene fluoride film has a surface roughness of 0.3 mu m or more in one surface and less than 0.3 mu m in the other surface, a reflectivity of 75% or more at 550 nm, a shrinkage of 5% or less in the longitudinal direction when processed at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The display panel is constructed from a material comprising vinyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible insulating sheath includes base polymer material coated with a fluorinated polymer material comprising polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photo initiator comprises 2-isopropyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone, 4-Methylbenzophenone(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl)propanone), and/or 2-Methyl-4'-(methylthio)-2-morpholinopropiophenone. The softener comprises 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, and/or tripropylene glycol diacrylate. The adhesion enhancer comprises acrylic acid, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, and/or tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate. The chemical resistance additive comprises acrylic acid isobornyl ester, 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, and/or 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The main oligomer comprises an aliphatic polyurethane acrylate oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer material is made of Polyolefin, Polyethylene or Polypropylene such as interlaced Polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic solvent used in the step (i) is at least ethanol, methanol, propanol or distilled water. The hydrophilic solvent used in the step (ii) is acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxypropionitrile or glutaronitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises at least one cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate propionate, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. The hydrophilic polymer is present in an amount of 0.1-5 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. of the hydrophilic solvent. The polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 1000-20000. The polymer layer has a pore size of 0.1-10 mu m, and a thickness of 1-50 mu m. Preferred Method: The step (i) includes a doctor-blade-process for the solution, in which the hydrophilic polymer is dissolved. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The complex oxide is chosen from iron, chromium, manganese, bismuth, strontium and yttrium, and has average particle diameter of 0.1-1.5 mu m. The content of the complex oxide and black coloring agent is 0.1-50 parts mass and 0.5-5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass ethylene-polar monomer copolymer. The black coloring agent is carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The black pigment is perylene-type pigment. The reflection layer consists of metal foil having largest reflectance of 50% or more, at wavelength of 900-2400 nm. The black contact bonding layer further contains urethane-type adhesive agent. The brightness of the cell and difference of brightness of the solar cell backsheet is 30 or less. Preferred Arrangement: The laminate has sealing material contact layer (106) from nearer side from a photovoltaic cell, black contact bonding layer, base material layer (104), black contact bonding layer, reflection layer, contact bonding layer (102) and weather-resistant resin layer (101), sequentially.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The biasing part is made of resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Hydroxyethyl cellulose, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and/or polyethyleneimine, and 3-mercapto propyl sulfonic acid, bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide and/or chloride ion, are added to sulfuric acid-copper sulfate aqueous solution (as electrolyte solution), during manufacture of the electrolytic copper foil. An anode used in the electrolysis reaction is titanium coated with a platinum group element or its oxide element. Preferred Properties: Each molecular weight of the hydroxyethyl cellulose, polypropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol is less than 250000. The average molecular weight of polyethylenimine is 10000-15000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The connector body is made of glass-reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The light transmission of the film is 90% over a wavelength range of 400-1100 nm after exposure to the "85/85 durability test" for 1000 hrs. The adhesion of the film is greater than 100 N/cm tested according to 85/85 durability test for 120 hrs.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane is an acrylic alkoxysilane. The alpha -olefin moiety of the ethylene/alpha -olefin copolymer includes four or more carbons. The thermal curative cross-linking agent is a peroxide. The first low crystalline ethylene/alpha -olefin copolymer is a butene alpha -olefin. The second low crystalline ethylene/alpha -olefin copolymer is an octene alpha -olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon particles are chosen from carbon black, biocarbon, vapor-grown carbon fiber, and activated carbon. The mass ratio of binder with respect to the carbon particles in a mixture is 0.01-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is chosen from ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, acrylic resin, and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The n-type organic semiconductor contains fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The p-type semiconductor polymer is a block copolymer having cyclocondensed ( pi )-conjugated structure in the structural unit. Preferred Properties: The solubility of p-type semiconductor polymer with respect to vapor of the solvent chosen from acetone, cyclohexane, methylene chloride, 1-chloronaphthalene, 1,2-dibromoethane, anisole, methyl benzoate, dimethyl formamide, pyridine, morpholine, tetrahydrofuran and/or 1,4-dioxane, is less than 1 mg/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluoromonomer is tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, or vinylidene fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer unit of hardenable functional group-containing fluorine-containing polymer is based on fluoromonomer, hydroxyl-containing monomer, carboxyl group-containing monomer, amino-group-containing monomer and/or silicone-type vinyl monomer. The polyisocyanate compound is obtained by polymerizing isocyanate compounds and more than trivalent aliphatic polyhydric alcohol. The coating material further contains pigment, ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluoromonomer is tetrafluoroethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, or vinylidene fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer unit of hardenable functional group-containing fluorine-containing polymer is based on fluoromonomer, hydroxyl-containing monomer, carboxyl group-containing monomer, amino-group-containing monomer and/or silicone-type vinyl monomer. The polyisocyanate compound is obtained by polymerizing isocyanate compounds and more than trivalent aliphatic polyhydric alcohol. The coating film further contains pigment and ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluoromonomer is tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and/or vinylidene fluoride. The coating material further contains polyisocyanate compound derived from isocyanate(s) chosen from xylylene-diisocyanate and bis(isocyanate methyl) cyclohexane, block isocyanate compound derived from hexamethylene diisocyanate, polyisocyanate compound derived from hexamethylene diisocyanate, and/or polyisocyanate compound derived from isophorone diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The primary surface process layer is obtained by corona discharge treatment and/or plasma electrodischarge treatment. A coating film containing coating material containing fluoropolymer having curable functional group is formed, between water-impermeable sheet and sealing material layer. A secondary surface process layer is formed in the surface of sealing material layer side. The secondary surface process layer is obtained by corona discharge treatment and/or plasma electrodischarge treatment. Preferred Composition: The contact bonding layer consists of silicone resin, acrylic resin and/or urethane resin. The curable functional group-containing fluoropolymer has a polymeric unit derived from fluoromonomer, hydroxyl-containing monomer, carboxyl group-containing monomer, acid anhydride monomer, amino-group-containing monomer and/or silicone type vinyl monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The processing agent which hydrophobizes fumed silica is dimethyldichlorosilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The color change (( Delta )E) after leaving the hardened material of the composition for 1000 hours with respect to the initial stage of hardened material after leaving at 70 degrees C for 7 days and 150 degrees C is 4.0 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of electron-accepting compound in functional layer is 10-1000 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of high molecular compound. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): An isoindole-type compound of formula (IV) and bisthieno pyran-type compound of formula (V) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction to obtain high molecular compound containing tricyclic-type repeating unit (I) and isoindole-type repeating unit (II).Z=bromo, iodo or chloro;andZ2=organic tin residue.Preferred Component: The high molecular compound containing tricyclic-type repeating unit (I), is of formula (III). EXAMPLE - 4,7-Dibromo-2-dodecyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione (252 mg), tributyl(8-(5,9-dimethyldecyl)-8-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-4-(tributylstannyl)-7-oxa-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-11-yl)stannane (100 mg), tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (6.6 mg) and dehydrated toluene (19 ml) were made into homogeneous solution, bubbled, and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (3.29 mg) and phenyl bromide (10 mg) were reacted. The obtained reaction mixture was poured into a mixed solution of methanol (200 ml) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (20 ml), precipitated, and obtained polymer was washed by methanol, acetone and hexane for 3 hours. The polymer remained in the extraction thimble was dissolved in toluene (15 ml), and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (0.2 g) and water (2 mm) were added. The obtained organic layer was washed, and resultant solution was pored into methanol and the polymer was deposited. The obtained polymer was filtered and dried to obtain high molecular compound having weight average molecular weight of 32000 and number average molecular weight of 14100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface is connected with transparent foil made of polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The passivation film is designed as a thin layer stack that is made of a silicon nitride or a silicon oxynitride layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The embedding polymer is selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyolefin, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or silicones.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anionic surfactant is fatty acid salt, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfuric ester salt, and/or alkyl ether sulfate. The electroconductive high molecular compound is a high molecular thiophene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reflection prevention layer is made of silicon nitride film or silicon oxynitride film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The content of titanium dioxide (B') is 1-80 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. thermoplastic resins (A'). Preferred Property: The melting point of thermoplastic resin (A') is 80-300 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive metal foil is comprised of one or more metals selected from aluminum, tin, copper, nickel, silver, gold, tin coated copper, silver coated copper, gold coated copper, steel, invar and alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic particles are: present at 60-90 wt.%, preferably 80 wt.% of the paste; and comprise at least one of silver, gold, copper or nickel. The glass frit is present at 1-10 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% of the paste. The organic vehicle is present at 1-20 wt.%, preferably 15 wt.% of paste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle further comprises a thixatropic agent. Preferred Components: The binder is present at 1-10 wt.% of the organic vehicle. The surfactant is: present at 1-20 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.% of the organic vehicle; and at least one of hydroxy-functional carboxylic acid ester with pigment affinic groups, acrylate copolymer with pigment affinic groups, modified polyether with pigment affinic groups or compounds with groups of pigment affinity. The organic solvent is at least one of Carbitol (RTM: 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol), terpineol, Hexyl carbitol (RTM: Diethylene glycol hexyl ether), Texanol (RTM: 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate), Butyl Carbitol (RTM: Diethylene glycol butyl ether), Butyl Carbitol (RTM: Diethylene glycol butyl ether) acetate or dimethyl adipate. EXAMPLE - 60 wt.% of Terpineol (as organic solvent), 5 wt.% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 20 wt.% of Tego Dispers 650 (RTM: Wetting and dispersing agent), 1-10 wt.% of ethyl cellulose, and 5 wt.% of thixotrope were combined to give a mixture. The mixture was heated to 80 degrees C while stirring, and then maintained for 30 minutes to obtain the organic vehicle. The vehicle was then cooled and milled using a three-roll mill until it reached a homogeneous consistency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating is made of silicone, PVC, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The surface of strips is diffused with dopant including boron or phosphorus, and is covered with thin oxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber component contains butyl rubber and high-molecular-weight polyisobutylene having viscosity average molecular weight of 300000 or more. The sealing composition further contains tackifier and softener. The tackifier contains coumarone-type resin having softening point of 90-140 degrees C. The softener contains low-molecular-weight polyisobutylene having viscosity average molecular weight of less than 300000. The content of tackifier and softener is 1-100 parts mass and 1-30 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of total content of rubber component and polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber component contains butyl rubber and polyisobutylene. The sealing composition further contains 0.1-100 parts mass filler and more than 30 parts mass tackifier with respect to 100 parts mass of total content of the rubber component and polyolefin. The filler is chosen from calcium carbonate, talc, titanium oxide and carbon black. The tackifier contains coumarone type-resin having softening point of 90-140 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Alternately, the room temperature of house is controlled by providing a heater device (5) which heats the room interior, then providing a floor (14) of the room with a latent heat storage material and bringing the room temperature close to the target room temperature (C) in a predetermined setting range, in which the melting point (D) of the latent heat storage material is lower than the target room temperature. The target room temperature (A) is 26-28 degrees C. The melting point (B) of the latent heat storage material is more than 28 degrees C and 30 degrees C or less. The target room temperature (C) is 20-22 degrees C. The melting point of the latent heat storage material is 18 degrees C or more and less than 20 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lamination-type alkali-metal battery has a positive electrode containing positive electrode active material containing lithium-containing transition metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The amount of another alkali metal salt containing fluorine is 5 mol% or more with respect to total amount of imide group alkali metal salt and alkali metal salt containing fluorine. The imide group alkali metal salt is bis(fluoro sulfonyl)imide alkali metal salt. The another alkali metal salt containing fluorine is of formula: M'PFa(CmF2m+1)6-a, M'BFb(CnF2n+1)4-b and/or M'AsF6.a=0-6;m,n=1-2;b=0-4;andM'=alkali metal ion.The alkali metal salt is lithium salt, sodium salt or potassium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layered composite metal compound is baked product of layer composite metal compound, preferably hydrotalcite. The layered composite metal compound is of formula: Mg1-a.Ala(OH)2.An(power(n-)).cH2O or (MdMg1-d)1-e.Ale(OH)2.An(power(n-))e/n.fH2O.M=Ni, Zn, Cu or Ca;a,e=0.2-0.35;c,d,f=0-1;An=n-valent anion;andn=valence of An.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A thermoplastic resin (B) is ethylene-type copolymer resin. Thermoplastic resin (B) is chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer and ethylene-type ionomer. Preferred Property: The melting point of azole compound (I) is 50-260 degrees C. Preferred Process: The solar cell sealing material is obtained further using ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and masterbatch for solar cell sealing materials. Preferred Definitions:    X=-NR9-;and    at least one of R1-R4=tertiary alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The suction disk is made of rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound containing iodine ion as counter-ion is ionic liquid. The charge transferring layer further contains nitrogen compound and thiocyanate anion containing ionic compound. The semiconductor of semiconductor content layer is titanium oxide fine particles or composite titanium oxide fine particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye is nonmetallic organic dye having structure of formula: HOOC-(-C(-A1)=C(-A2))n-X (I) or metal complex dye, preferably ruthenium complex dye.A1,A2=H, carboxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, nitro, cyclic hydrocarbyl residue, heterocyclyl residue, amino, hydroxy, alkyl or halo;X=aryl residue, heterocyclyl residue or amino;andn=1-6. Preferred Definitions:    A1=cyano or carboxy;and    X=(poly)thiophenyl having triphenylamine derivative or (poly)ethenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (A) comprises providing a fused thiophene moiety of formula (i) or (ii), providing a bis-substituted tin conjugated moiety of formula (Sn(Alk)3-Z-Sn(Alk)3) (iii) or (Ha1-Z-Ha1) (iv), and coupling (i) or (ii) with (iii) or (iv) via a catalyzed reaction.X, Y1 = halide or Sn(Alk)3;Alk = optionally substituted (cyclo)alkyl;Z = conjugated group comprising not solely of one or more aryl groups; andHa1 = halo.Provided that X and Y1 are halo in (iii) and X and Y1 are Sn(Alk)3 in (iv). Preferred Process: The process further comprising polymerizing (i) or (ii). The catalyzed reaction is a metal catalyzed reaction, preferably Stille-type coupling. Preferred Components: (A) comprise a polymer. (A) are incorporated into a conjugated fused thiophene polymer or oligomer having m value of greater than 1. EXAMPLE - 2,6-Dibromo-3,7-diheptadecylthieno(3,2-b)thieno(2',3':4,5)thieno(2,3-d)thiophene (0.41 g) and (tributylstannyl)acetylene (0.28 g) were transferred into a three neck flask fitted with a stir bar. Nitrogen was bubbled through the flask for a few minutes, and then sealed. Then, the flask was placed in a glovebox. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.027 g) and a mixed solvent of anhydrous toluene (24 ml) and n-butyl acetate (6 ml) were added to the flask. The flask was heated around 130 degrees C under nitrogen for 16 hours before being poured into methanol (200 ml). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The precipitate was filtered and worked up to give poly((3,7-diheptadecylthieno(3,2-b)thieno(2',3':4,5)thieno(2,3-d)thieno(2,3-d)thiophene-2,6-diyl)(acetylene-1,2-diyl)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: Triphenylamine-containing high-molecular compound (V) is carried out by hydrolysis reaction using metal hydroxide, to obtain nitrogen-containing high-molecular compound (I). Preferred Compound: The nitrogen-containing high-molecular compound is preferably of formula (III).n5=1 or more;andR6=monovalent organic group. Preferred Definitions:    Y1=-CO2-;    Ar1-Ar4=phenylene;and    q=0.    EXAMPLE - 331 mg 4-(5-((3Z,5Z)-4-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)hepta-1,3,5-trien-3-yl)-2-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)butan-1-ol, 362 mg 4-(2-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-5-(2-(2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)phenyl)butan-1-ol, 20.8 mg 3-(5-(bis(4-bromophenyl)amino)-2-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)propan-1-ol, 5.50 mg trioctyl methyl-ammonium chloride, 1.3 mg bis (triphenylphosphine) dichloropalladium, 17.5 wt.% sodium carbonate aqueous solution and 20 mL toluene were added into a flask, stirred, 1.30 mg bis (triphenylphosphine) dichloropalladium, 17.5 wt.% sodium carbonate and phenylboronic acid were added, stirred, 0.49 g sodium-diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate and water were added, stirred, methanol was dripped, and precipitated, dissolved in chloroform, purified, concentrated, dried, and again methanol was dripped, precipitated, 150 mg , 103 mg cesium-hydroxide monohydrate, 20 mL tetrahydrofuran, 10 mL methanol and 1.2 mL water were added, stirred, 20 mL methanol was added, stirred, concentrated, dried, dissolved in methanol, 2-propanol was dripped, precipitated, and dried, to obtain 142 mg high-molecular compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: When 200 locations in a rectangular area of 6 mu mx 8 mu m are arbitrarily selected on graphite material surface image observed by scanning electron microscope, cylindrical pores are appeared in at least two locations. The total pore volume of graphite material measured with mercury intrusion method is 0.35-0.65 cm3/g or less. The accumulation pore volume of pore with fine pore diameter of 3 mu m or less measured with the mercury intrusion method is 0.18-0.6 cm3/g or less. The ratio of specific surface area of graphite material measured by BET and specific surface area of graphite material measured by mercury intrusion method is 0.65-1.5. Graphite material of Claim 4. The ratio of volume-based average particle diameter (D50) measured in solvent using laser diffraction type particle size distribution analyzer and mean pore diameter measured by mercury intrusion method is 1.5-13. The graphite material has BET specific surface area of 0.4-5 m2/g or less. The volume-based average particle diameter (D50) of graphite material is 3-30 mu m. The average face distance (d002) of graphite material in (002) plane measured by powder X-ray diffractometry is 0.3356-0.3375. The intensity ratio of peak intensity of graphite material at 1300-1400 cm-1 and 1580-1620 cm-1 measured with Raman spectroscopy is 0.05 or more. Preferred Composition: The carbon material contains 100 parts mass graphite material and 0.01-200 parts mass spherical natural graphite or artificial graphite having average face distance (d002) of 0.3370 nm or less and aspect ratio of 2-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The battery includes nonaqueous electrolyte solution and/or nonaqueous polymer electrolyte containing nonaqueous solvent chosen from ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, and vinylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane is unsaturated alkoxysilane. The unsaturated alkoxysilane is acrylic alkoxysilane. Crosslinking agents are thermal curative and/or photo-curative. The thermal curative is peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is non-polar plasticizer chosen from ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer and 4-10C polyolefin homopolymer. Polyolefin is ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer. The alpha -olefin moiety of ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer includes four or more carbons. The ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is low crystalline ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer having differential scanning calorimetric peak melting point of 50 degrees C or less. The low crystalline ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is butene alpha -olefin. The mass of film is more than 70 wt.% with respect to content of low crystalline ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer. The film further comprises a coagent, an additional low crystalline ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer, hindered amine light stabilizer with ultraviolet cutoff of 310 nm, and ultraviolet absorber with ultraviolet cutoff chosen from 320 nm, 330 nm 340 nm, 350 nm, 360 nm, 370 nm and 380 nm. The low crystalline ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is ethylene/butene copolymer or ethylene/octene copolymer. Preferred Properties: The plasticizer has glass transition temperature of -70 degrees C or less. The plasticizer is liquid at 20 degrees C. The storage modulii measurement of film at 100 degrees C is more than storage modulii measurement at 100 degrees C of the film which does not include plasticizer. The storage modulii measurement of film at 150 degrees C is more than storage modulii measurement at 150 degrees C of the film which does not include plasticizer. The film has gel fraction of less than 5%. The film includes multiple layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The wire harness further comprises a braid (26) that is connected and fixed to an end part (33) of the protective member. The braid is connected and fixed to each of both ends of the protective member, and the protective member is extended along an entire length between the both ends connected and fixed to the braids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The propylene-based resin (B) is propylene ethylene-block copolymer in which ethylene propylene random containing 40-70 wt.% ethylene content, 20-50 wt.% propylene homopolymerization portion and 80-50 wt.% polymerized portion having weight average molecular weight of 200000-600000. The resin composition further contains 1-10 pts.wt. polyethylene, with respect to 100 pts.wt. propylene-type modified resin and propylene-based resin. Preferred Process: The laminated body is obtained by hot-laminating the sheet having the aluminum layer, and sheet having adhesive resin layer, or hot-laminating aluminum layer and adhesive resin layer for sheet having base material layer and aluminum layer and sheet having adhesive resin layer, respectively, and heat seal resin layer, or obtained by carrying out sandwich lamination of sheet having aluminum layer and sheet having heat seal resin layer at least through the adhesive resin composition. In the laminated component, base material layer, aluminum layer, adhesive resin layer and heat seal resin layer are laminated in order. Preferred Properties: The propylene ethylene block copolymer has melt flow rate of 2-20 g/10 minutes at 230 degrees C under load of 21.2 N. The adhesive resin layer has thickness of 10-50 mu m. The heat seal resin layer has thickness of 20-80 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorescent material is organic fluorescent substance, rare-earth metal complex, or europium complex. Preferred Property: The refractive index of transparent material is 1.4 or more which is lower than the fluorescent material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent material is transparent resin, vinyl compound or (meth)acrylic resin. The content rate of covering fluorescence material in the resin composition layer is 0.0001-10 %mass. Preferred Process: The fluorescent material in which resin coating is carried out by vinyl compound, is formed by radically polymerizing vinyl compound and monomer compound dissolved or dispersed. The wavelength conversion-type solar cell sealing material is further equipped with transparent layers other than a resin composition layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluorescent material is metal complex, rare-earth metal complex or europium complex. Preferred property: The refractive index of transparent material is 1.4 or more which is lower than the fluorescent material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vinyl compound of vinyl compound containing composition is resin obtained by suspension-polymerizing (meth)acrylic acid-type derivative. The coordination compound is neutral ligand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content rate of resin composition layer is 0.0001-10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic vehicle is acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell is made from water-proof super plastic rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the electrolyte and separator is lithium phosphorus oxynitride. The material of the cathode includes carbon nanotubes (preferably carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes). The superlattice layer and the silicon-based layer constitute an anode (135) of the battery. The superlattice layer is silicon-carbon superlattice layer. The silicon based layer is a porous silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the bottom or top current collector layer is a conductive polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The silver-doped nanowires are grown by preparing aqueous solution containing silver salt, zinc salt and a reducing agent, immersing substrate in aqueous solution, and growing silver-doped zinc oxide nanowires on substrate immersed in aqueous solution. The grown silver-doped zinc oxide nanowires are heat-treated. A seed layer (235) for growth of zinc oxide nanowires is formed on the substrate. Preferred Composition: The molar concentration of zinc salt and reducing agent in aqueous solution is 0.01-0.1 M. The molar concentration of silver salt in aqueous solution is 0.001-0.005 M. The molar concentration of silver salt in aqueous solution is 0.005-0.1 M. The seed layer comprises zinc oxide, or zinc or gold. The silver salt comprises silver nitrate. The zinc salt comprises zinc nitrate. Preferred Component: The substrate is flexible substrate, stretchable substrate or solid substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent comprises hexamethylenetetramine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises semiconductor, non-conductor, metal or polymer. The primary and secondary electrodes comprise indium tin oxide, gallium tin oxide, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gasket material of photovoltaic roofing system is polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber component contains butyl rubber and high-molecular weight polyisobutylene having viscosity average molecular weight of 300000 or more. The sealing composition further contains 1-40 parts mass tackifier and 1-30 parts mass softener with respect to 100 parts mass of total content of the rubber component and polyolefin. The tackifier contains coumarone type-resin having softening point of 90-140 degrees C. The softener contains low-molecular weight polyisobutylene having viscosity average molecular weight of less than 300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber component contains butyl rubber and high-molecular weight polyisobutylene having viscosity average molecular weight of 300000 or more. The sealing composition further contains 0.1-100 parts mass filler, 1-50 parts mass tackifier and 1-30 parts mass softener with respect to 100 parts mass of total content of the rubber component and polyolefin. The filler is chosen from calcium carbonate, talc, titanium oxide and carbon black. The tackifier contains coumarone type-resin having softening point of 90-140 degrees C. The softener contains low-molecular weight polyisobutylene having viscosity average molecular weight of less than 300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Both structures contain oxide of titanium, copper, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium and/or gallium. Preferred Properties: The pores are arranged as body centered cubic structure, face centered cubic structure, or hexagonal close-packed structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon doped p-type amorphous silicon oxide layer is formed by supplying gas mixture including Dihydrogen gas, Silane gas and Carbon dioxide gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas is selected from a group consisting of trimethyl boron, diborane and Triethylborane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal plate is made of metal material e.g. copper, Kovar alloy (RTM: vacuum melted, iron-nickel-cobalt, low expansion alloy), or aluminum and nickel plating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite material comprises 80-85 wt.% flake graphite including fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer, perfluoroalkoxy polymer or tetrafluoroethylene polymer. The thermal dam comprises a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer film arranged between carbonized substrate which is impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion. Preferred Properties: The bottom of flow field channel is spaced from the uppermost surface of the thermal dam by 1.4 mm. The thermal dam has thermal conductivity of 0.17 W/m- degrees K or less and thickness 1 mm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The additive package of lubricant comprises concentration of sulphur of less than 20 ppm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The additive package of lubricant comprises concentration of zinc, nitrogen, molybdenum, boron and silicon less than specific value.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inline filter of lubrication circuit comprises proprietary polymer. The lubricant comprises poly-alpha-olefm (PAO) base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The freezing point of wax is 60-150 degrees C. The thickness of easy-adhesion layer is 0.01-5 mu m. Preferred Composition: The wax contains 13-30C higher fatty acid ester, and 25-35C monovalent or bivalent higher alcohol. The wax comprises myricyl cerotate or myricyl palmitate. The carboxy-group containing structural unit is a structural unit derived from carboxylic acid monomer. The carboxylic acid monomer is a monomer chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-methacryloyloxy ethyl-succinic acid, 2-methacryloyloxy ethyl phthalic acid, 1-methyl-2-methacryloyloxy propyl phthalic acid and 2-methacryloyloxy ethyl hexahydro phthalic acid. The content of crosslinked-structure moieties derived from carbodiimide crosslinking agent is 5-50 %mass with respect to the total mass of binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbodiimide crosslinking agent is polycarbodiimide having polymerization degree of 3-15. The thermoplastic resin is (meth)acrylic-type resin having carboxyl group containing structural unit in the molecule. The polycarbodiimide has repeating unit of formula: -R-N=C=N- (I). The content of binder in easy-adhesion layer is 0.01-5 g/m2. The solar cell backsheet further has an adhesive bond layer containing polyurethane-type resin on the surface of opposite side of base material.R=bivalent coupling group containing alkylene or arylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoanode nanowires include a photoanode material selected from WO3, TiO2, SrTiO3, NaTaO3, oxynitrides, TaON, GaZnON, FeO, and BiVO4. The diameter of each of the photoanode nanowires is about 10 nm to 500 nm. The aspect ratio of each of the photoanode nanowires is about 10 to 1000. The orientation of the photoanode nanowires is selected from photoanode nanowires being oriented vertically with respect to a lateral dimension of the photoanode, the photoanode nanowires being oriented horizontally with respect to the lateral dimension of the photoanode, and the photoanode nanowires being oriented in random directions with respect to the lateral dimension of the photoanode. The photocathode nanowires include a photocathode material selected from GaP, Si, InGaP, InP, Cu2O, and Rh-SrTiO3. The diameter of each of the photocathode nanowires is about 10 nm to 500 nm. The aspect ratio of each of the photocathode nanowires is about 10 to 1000. The photoanode includes photoanode co-catalyst particles deposited on the photoanode nanowires. The photocathode includes photocathode co-catalyst particles deposited on the photocathode nanowires.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble binder is polyvinyl alcohol-type binder, methyl cellulose-type binder, and/or carboxy methyl cellulose-type binder. The manufacture of support involves using a pore-forming agent. The pore-forming agent is polymethyl methacrylate, activated charcoal, carbon black, graphite and/or starch. The support raw-material powder contains 0.5-20 volume% dispersing agent. The content of binding solution is 10-50 volume% binding solution with respect to content of support raw-material powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The buffer layer is made of silicon dioxide (Si02), silicon nitride (Si3N4) or sol gel silica. The moisture absorption layer is made of calcium oxide (CaO), barium oxide (BaO), lithium oxide (LiO), or zirconium oxide (ZrO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - The semiconducting device in the form of heterojunction photovoltaic cell includes an aluminum electron-collecting electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The p-type transition metal oxide is selected from molybdenum oxide (MoO3), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), nickel oxide (NiO), and tungsten oxide (WO3). The electron donor is (4,8-bis(4,5-didecyl-2-thienyl)-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-alt-(4,9-bis(4-hexyl-2-thienyl)-naphtho(1,2-c:5,6-c')bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole-5,5-diyl)) (PBDT-DTNT) and the electron acceptor is (6,6)-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71-BM). The hole-collecting electrode is indium-tin-oxide. The p-type transition metal oxide is MoO3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate comprises a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer, which is made of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic nonionic surfactant of step (a) is octylphenol polyethoxylate or polyoxyethylene alkyl ether. The solution of step (a) has a critical micelle concentration of 0.01 wt.%. The NSP of step (b) is prepared by adding sodium hydroxide into an amine termination Mannich oligomer (AMO)/clay solution, which is obtained by blending acidified AMO with montmorillonite (MMT). The organic hydrophobic solvent of step (b1) is 3-methoxypropionitrile, where after step (b), the mixture is present in an amount of 1 wt.% in the organic hydrophobic solvent. The anionic surfactant of step (a2) is sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the organic solvent of step (a2) is acetone, where the mixture of NSP and SDS in the epoxy resin of step (b2) has a concentration of 1 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The support is silicon wafer, alkali-free glass and metal plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of structural unit (II) in polyimide precursor is 5-40 %mass. The polyimide precursor further contains structural unit derived from monomer of formula (V) or (VI) having group chosen from sulfonyl group, alkylene group, amide group, siloxane group, ether bond, thioether group, ketone group and ester bond. The film-forming composition contains polyimide precursor and organic solvent.A=ether bond, thioether group, ketone group, ester bond, sulfonyl group, alkylene group, amide group, or siloxane group;R6=H, halo, nitro or alkyl optionally substituted by halo;andd=1-4.Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of the polyimide precursor is 10000-1 million. The polyimide has glass transition temperature of 350 degrees C or more measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of additive is 0.01-40 %mass with respect to the total content of the polymer electrolyte composition molded product. The additive is chosen from hydrophobic salt-containing manganese ion, hydrophobic salt-containing cerium ion, organometallic complex-containing manganese ion and organometallic complex-containing cerium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymer electrolyte composition molded product has average particle diameter of 1-20 nm. Preferred Composition: The segment (A1) forms hydrophilic domain. The segment (A2) forms hydrophobic domain. The content of the additive exists in hydrophobic domain is 2 times or more than the content of the additive exists in the hydrophilic domain. The block copolymer is aromatic polyether ketone. The segment (A1) contains structural unit of formula: -Ar'1-C(=O)-Ar'2-O-Ar'3-C(=O)-Ar'4-O-. The segment (A1) contains structural unit of formula: -Ar'5-C(=O)-Ar'6-O-Ar'7-C(=O)-Ar'8-O-.Ar'1-Ar'8=bivalent arylene group, in which Ar'1 and/or Ar'2, and Ar'3 and Ar'4 contain ionic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydroxyl value of main ingredient resin (R1) is 15 or less. The hydroxyl value of main ingredient resin (R2) is 20 or more. The resin (R1) is copolymer resin of polycarbonate polyurethane resin and urethane resin. The resin (R2) is an acrylic resin. The outermost coating layer contains a pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The weight ratio of the structural unit (I) and the structural unit (II) is 99:1-1:99. Preferred Process: The mold release material is obtained by using imide-modified elastomer which is copolymer obtained by reacting mixture of polyurethane urea compound obtained by chain extending urethane prepolymer containing primary diisocyanate and polyol and having isocyanato group in a molecule, with urea bond with primary diisocyanate, and polysiloxane urea compound obtained by chain extending secondary diisocyanate with the urea-bond with secondary diamine compound having a siloxane bond, with tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and adding the acryl group-containing polysiloxane compound. Preferred Composition: The acryl group-containing polysiloxane compound is acryl group-containing polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane. The polyol is chosen from a polycarbonate polyol and polyester polyol. The polycarbonate polyol is polycarbonate diol of formula: HO-((CH2)x-OC(=O)O)y-(CH2)x-OH (i). The polyester polyol is polyester diol of formula: HO-(CH2CH2CH(-CH3)CH2CH2OC(=O)-(CH2)8-C(=O)-O)z-CH2CH2CH(-CH3)CH2CH2-OH (ii). The secondary diamine compound is a compound of formula: H2N-R1-(Sio(-R3)(-R4))m-Si(-R5)(-R6)-R2-NH2 (iii).x=5 or 6;y=1-76;z=1-37;R1,R2=alkylene;R3-R6=H, alkyl or phenyl;andm=8-160.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The arrangement of electroconductive nanoparticles on the surface of semiconductor element is carried out using block copolymer thin film. Preferred Property: The size of electroconductive nanoparticle is 100 nm or more and 500 nm or less, preferably 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive nanoparticles contain palladium, gold, silver, platinum, nickel, aluminum, indium, indium oxide, zinc and/or zinc oxide. Preferred Composition: The semiconductor element is solar cell having more than two joining laminated on crystalline silicon-type, amorphous silicon-type, microcrystal silicon-type, organic-type, chalcopyrite-type material or gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium antimonide or germanium substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive layer comprises 65-75 mass% of lithium and aluminum silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adhesive layer further comprises 2-5 mass% of butanediol diglycidylether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The connector is formed as a single piece plastic injection molded part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The barrier and adhesive layers are formed of polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive wire comprises metal selected from copper, nickel, tin, silver, and/or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive wires are metal wires coated with tin, nickel, tin/lead alloy, tin/lead/silver alloy, tin/copper alloy, tin/silver alloy, and/or tin/bismuth alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric wire mounting layer comprises a polymer encapsulant material selected from poly(vinyl butyral), ionomers, ethylene vinyl acetate, poly(vinyl acetal), polyurethane, poly(vinyl chloride), polyolefins, polyolefin block elastomers, ethylene acrylate ester copolymers, ethylene copolymers, silicone elastomers, and/or chlorosulfonated polyethylene. The polymeric wire mounting layer is an ethylene copolymer comprising ethylene and at least one monomer selected from 1-4C alkyl acrylates, 1-4C alkyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, glycidyl methacrylate, maleic anhydride and copolymerized units of ethylene and a comonomer selected from 4-8C unsaturated anhydrides, monoesters of 4-8C unsaturated acids having at least two carboxylic acid groups, diesters of 4-8C unsaturated acids having at least two carboxylic acid groups and mixtures of such copolymers, where the ethylene content in the ethylene copolymer accounts for 60-90 wt.%. The polymeric interlayer dielectric layer comprise poly(vinyl butyral), ionomers, ethylene vinyl acetate, poly(vinyl acetal), polyurethane, poly(vinyl chloride), polyolefins, polyolefin block elastomers, ethylene acrylate ester copolymers, ethylene copolymers, silicone elastomers, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and/or epoxy. The polymeric back-sheet comprises a polyester layer and a fluoropolymer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The sodium precursor layer comprises sodium-doped molybdenum, sodium fluoride, soda lime glass thin films, and alkali silicate glass thin films.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light absorbing layer comprises copper indium-gallium selenium-sulfide (Cu (In1-x,Gax)(Se,S)2) (CIGS) as an I-III-VI2 semiconductor compound and copper zinc tin selenide/sulfide (Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4) (CZTS) as an I2-II-IV-VI4 semiconductor compound. The rear electrode or rear electrode top layer comprises molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, cobalt, titanium, copper, gold and/or an alloy. The metals include stainless steel or titanium. The diffusion barrier film comprises silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, chrome, zinc oxide and nitride thin films.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The back cover panel is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material selected from any of ethylene vinyl acetate, acrylic, polyvinyl butyral, polydimethylsiloxane, polyisobutylene, polyolefin, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyurethane, acrylic foam tape, epoxy, silicone or ionomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first material is palladium and the first adhesion layer is niobium. The second material is gold and the second adhesion layer is chromium or titanium. The substrate is doped silicon. The first and second gate electrodes are formed of gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin sheet layer is comprised by polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back surface sealing material includes ethylene-acetic acid-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin or polyethylene-type resin. Preferred Properties: In entire surface at side of outermost layer of back surface protection sheet, difference of brightness of highest portion and lowest portion is less than 0.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The secondary metal layer has thickness of 50 or less atomic layers. Preferred Composition: The metal contained in the secondary metal layer is platinum. The metal contained in the primary metal layer is titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, palladium, and/or silver. The metal ion concentration contained in the metal particles at the time of preparing colloid dispersion-liquid, is 2.5 nM or less. 5-60 %Mass electrode catalyst particles are supported on the electroconductive support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic vapor-deposited film is aluminum vapor-deposited film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyester film is polyethylene terephthalate resin film. Volatile additive contains crosslinking agent, crosslinking adjuvant, and silane coupling agent. Preferred Forms: Film is made into a film-roll form wound in a roll shape or stacked form consisting of stacked sheets.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Compound: The aromatic sulfonic acid ester derivative is preferably of formula (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The sulfonic acid ester group-containing polymer contains 20 wt.% or more structural unit of formula (III) in a segment (A), and structural unit does not having ionic group of formula: -Ar1-C(=O)-Ar2-O-Ar3-C(=O)-Ar4-O-, preferably of formula (IV) in segment (B). The polymer has a protecting group, and portion of protecting group is de-protected before heat processing.Ar1-Ar4=optionally substituted bivalent arylene. EXAMPLE - A mixture of 133 g 3,3'-disulfonate-4,4'-difluoro benzophenone, 330 ml acetonitrile and 250 ml sulfolane was added to a flask, and 290 g phosphoryl trichloride was added and heated for 2 hours. N,N-dimethyl acetamide was added and heated for 16 hours. Cold water was added, filtered, washed and recrystallized to produce 65 g 5,5'-carbonyl bis(2-fluorobenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride). The mixture of 50 g obtained compound, 86.7 g 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol and 99.7 g pyridine was mixed and cooled. The mixture was reacted at room temperature for 2 hours, and 900 ml ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer was washed and dried to produce sulfonate acid ester derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The elastic layer has an elasticity modulus of a maximum of 500 MPa according to DIN ISO527. The polymethyl methacrylate is used as the barrier-plate. Preferred Method: The method includes laminating the layers in a vacuum press. The layers are applied by a continuous laminating process and under reduced pressure. The elastic layers are applied in an aqueous-form as films. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic material comprises a microparticulate or nanoparticulate inorganic material. The inorganic material comprises carbon black, graphite, charcoal powders and/or activated carbon. The inorganic materials comprise a metal oxide, a metal sulfide, a metal nitride and/or a metal phosphide. The inorganic materials comprise glazed tile and/or rusted iron. The inorganic materials comprise vanadium oxide, quartz, alumina, and antimony oxide. The amount of: vanadium oxide is 30 wt.%; and activated carbon is 10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic and inorganic materials are selected such that the thermally emissive paint absorbs across substantially all of 2-15 mu m, or 2-40 mu m. The organic materials and the inorganic material are selected such that the thermally emissive paint absorbs across a majority of 1-50 mu m. The organic materials comprise butadiene-styrene, acrylated epoxylated soybean oil and proline. The amount of: butadiene-styrene is 20 wt.%; acrylated epoxylated soybean oil is 30 wt.%; and proline is 10 wt.%. The paint has an emissivity of greater than or equal to 90%. EXAMPLE - Carbon black nanoparticle (0.5 g), epoxy-509 (0.075 g), N3390 Bayer curing agent (0.014 g) and tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether solvent (2 g) were mixed. After mixing the mixture, a copper coupon was coated and heat treated at 180 degrees C to evaporate the solvent to obtain paint.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The step of wetting the fibrous material takes place in a mold, preferably in a closed mold by molding, by transfer of resin or by infusion. Preferred Components: The (meth)acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix is: a homopolymer and/or or a copolymer of methyl methacrylate; a homopolymer of methyl methacrylate or a copolymer including at least 70 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.% of methyl methacrylate; and a mixture of at least one homopolymer and at least one copolymer of methyl methacrylate, a mixture of at least two homopolymers or two copolymers of methyl methacrylate having different average molecular weight, or a mixture of at least two copolymers of methyl methacrylate having a different composition of monomers. The methyl methacrylate copolymer includes 80-99.7 (preferably 90-99.5) wt.% of methyl methacrylate and 0.3-20 (preferably 0.5-10) wt.% of at least one monomer having at least an ethylenic unsaturation that undergoes a copolymerization with methyl methacrylate. The fibrous material is vegetable fibers, wood fibers, animal fibers, mineral fibers, synthetic polymeric fibers, glass fibers and/or carbon fibers. The fibrous material is in the form of fibrous mats, reinforcement nonwoven, laminated fabrics and/or fiber bundles, which are optionally braided. The liquid syrup has a viscosity of 10-10000 (preferably 100-1000) mPa.s at room temperature. The liquid syrup includes oligomers or polymers dissolved in monomer or its mixtures. The dissolved oligomers or polymers are poly(methyl methacrylate) or a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. The dissolved oligomers or polymers consist of a methyl methacrylate homopolymer or a copolymer including at least 70 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.% of methyl methacrylate. The amount of monomers in the syrup is at least 40 wt.%, preferably at least 60 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The n-type organic semiconductor material includes methyl (6,6)-phenyl-71C-butyrate, methyl (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyrate, 60C fullerene, 70C fullerene, 84C fullerene, 60C fullerene-indene-2-adduct, (6.6)-diphenyl 62C bis(methyl butyrate), (6.6)-diphenyl 72C bis(methyl butyrate), (6,6)-phenyl-61C (3-ethyl thiophene)butyrate, 1-(3-methyl carbonyl)propyl-1-thienyl-(6,6)-methano fullerene and/or (6,6)-phenyl-61C (2,5-dibromo-3-ethyl thiophene)butyrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (F1) further comprises: (g) depositing a transparent conductive oxide layer over the deposited metal salt after exposing the deposited metal salt containing polymeric material to the activated process gas; (h) depositing a first doped silicon containing layer over the deposited metal salt after exposing the deposited metal salt containing polymeric material to the process gas; and (i) depositing a first doped silicon containing layer over the deposited metal salt after exposing the deposited metal salt containing polymeric material to the process gas to the activated process gas, where the first doped silicon containing layer is a layer in a solar cell device. In the method (F2): the first temperature is 1700-2200 degrees C; and the step (f) is performed in a processing region of the first chamber and the step further comprises positioning the surface of the substrate a first distance from the wires, and retaining the surface of the substrate at the first distance to allow the heat emitted from the wires to heat the surface to a second temperature, where the second temperature is 25-250 degrees C. The method (F2) further comprises: reducing the pressure in the processing region to a pressure of 1 mTorr to 760 Torr; and steps (g), (h), and (i) as above per se. Preferred Components: In the method (F1) and (F2): the activated process gas comprises a reducing gas which is hydrogen; and the metal salt contains polymeric material comprising a metal having copper, silver, titanium, zinc, tin, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, magnesium or cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first processing region can be selectively isolated from second processing region using a door assembly. The system further comprises a thermal shield disposed between the wires and a surface of a second substrate support. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: At least one of the solvent is an organic solvent. Preferred Component: At least 1 layer of the organic thin film layer is a positive hole injection layer or a positive hole transport layer, which is in contact with the light-emitting layer. The light-emitting layer is formed into a film by the wet-film-forming method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The polymer is 28 compounds e.g. group of formula (VIII-XII). The bonding position of adjacent carbazole residue is chosen from 3-position-3', 3-position-2' and 2-position-2'.l=0 or 1;andn=repeating number. Preferred Definitions:    P= optionally substituted carbazole residue.    EXAMPLE - 4.1 g 2,7-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane 2-yl)-9,9-di-n-octyl fluorene, 5 g 6,6'-dibromo-9'-(4-dibenzofuran-4-yl-phenyl)-9-phenyl-9H,9'H-(3,3')bicarbazolyl, 0.01 g palladium acetate, 0.06 g tris(o-tolyl)phosphine, 50 ml dioxane, 12 mL toluene and 11 mL water were added to 6.6 g phosphoric-acid potassium, heated, and refluxed for 16 hours. The solvent was removed, 150 mL toluene and 100 mL water were added, the target product was extracted, and the organic layer was taken out. Magnesium sulfate was added to the taken-out organic layer, dried, magnesium sulfate was filtration removed, concentrated, dripped at methanol, and solid was deposited. 0.3 g bromobenzene, 0.03 g palladium acetate, 2 g phosphoric-acid potassium, and 50 mL toluene were added to solid, heated for 8 hours, 100 mL water was added, the target object was extracted, the organic layer was taken out, diethyl dithiocarbamic-acid sodium aqueous solution was added, stirred at 80 degrees C for 8 hours, and deposit was obtained. The deposit was dissolved in toluene, purified, filtrated, and dried, to obtain 3.4g polymer of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer is preferably 75:25-10:90. The methyl methacrylate content of ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer is 20-35 %mass. The vinyl acetate content of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-35 %mass. The crosslinking agent is an organic peroxide. The content of crosslinking agent and crosslinking adjuvant with respect to 100 pts. mass total amounts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, is 0.1-5 pts. mass, respectively. The sealing film further contains a crosslinking adjuvant. Preferred Properties: The volume resistivity value after crosslinking of sealing film is more than 1E+15 ohm.cm. The curing torque value when crosslinking reaction is performed to sealing film at 150 degrees C for 15 minutes is 5 or more N.cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Photocurable polymer contains reactive oligomer, reactive monomer, and photopolymerizable initiator. Photocurable polymer contains additive consisting of release agent, slip agent, plasticizer, surfactant, or dispersing agent. Reactive oligomer contains epoxy-based resin e.g. epoxy acrylate, urethane-based resin e.g. urethane acrylate, polyester-based resin e.g. polyester acrylate, silicon-based resin e.g. silicon acrylate, polyene/polythiol-based resin, spiran-based resin, and/or epoxy resin, such as pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPPA), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), trimethylolpropantriacrylate (TMPTA), methylacrylate, ethylacrylate, butylacrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, acryl acid, and/or methyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sheet contains 0.001-5 parts mass compound having epoxy group with respect to 100 parts mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyalkylene imine is branched polyalkylene imine having primary amino group, secondary amino group and tertiary amino group. The content of primary amino group with respect to 100 mol% of all the amino groups in the branched polyalkylene imine is 10-50 mol%. The polyalkylene imine is modified polyalkylene imine having group of formula: -C(-R1)(-R2)-C(-R3)(-R4)-OH, -C(=O)-NH-R5, -C(-R6)(-R7)-OH, -C(-R8)(-R9)-C(-R10)(-R11)-H, -R12, -C(=O)-R13 or -C(=O)-R14-C(=O)-OH. The polyalkylene imine is chosen from polyethylenimine, polypropylene imine and their copolymer. The positive hole transport layer is ( pi )-conjugated-type conductive polymer and polyanion.R1-R4,R6-R11=H or 1-4C linear or branched alkyl;R5,R12,R13=1-30C linear or branched alkyl;andR14=1-30C linear or branched alkylene, arylene or heteroarylene group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Electrically conductive paste contains 60-75 wt.% silver powder. Preferred Processes: Surface of silver powder is subjected to hydrophilic process. Preferred Parameters: Ratio of 1 (1 /s) and 10 (1 /s) of electrically conductive paste is 1-1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polycarbonate polyol (A) and urethane resin (B) form composite resin particles (D) which is inherent in the polycarbonate polyol (A) of portion(s) in urethane-resin particles (B). The component (A) is obtained by reacting aliphatic or alicyclic diol (a1) and carbonate ester. Preferred Composition: The composite resin particles (D) are core-shell-type composite resin particles comprising core layer comprising polycarbonate polyol (A) and shell layer comprising urethane resin (B). The mass ratio of component (A) with respect to component (B) in the urethane resin particles (D) is 5:95-20:80. The resin composition further contains polyolefin resin (E) and crosslinking agent (F). The crosslinking agent (F) is melamine-type crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic group is sulfonic acid group or sulfonimide group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The aromatic sulfonamide derivative (I) is preferably of formula (II). The sulfonimide group containing polymer contains 20 wt.% or more cation-containing structural unit of formula (III). The sulfonimide group containing polymer consists of segment (A1) having cation-containing structural unit (III) and segment (A2) having bivalent arylene-containing structural unit of formula: -Ar1-C(=O)-Ar2-O-Ar3-C(=O)-Ar4-O- (IV), preferably of formula (V) which does not contain ionic group. The polymerization pattern in sulfonimide group containing polymer is block-copolymerization.Ar1-Ar4=optionally substituted bivalent arylene. EXAMPLE - 33.2 g 5,5'-carbonyl bis(2-fluorobenzene 1-sulfonyl chloride) and 26.6 g trifluoromethane sulfonamide were dissolved in dehydrated acetone (250 mL). Then, triethylamine (54 mL) was dropped by stirring and reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 24 hours at the ice-cooled place. The obtained product was filtrated, to separate chlorinated triethylammonium deposit. Then, the filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator, washed twice using 400 mL ethyl acetate and diluted using 1N hydrochloric acid (200 mL). The organic phase of the obtained product was dried with sodium sulfate, solvent was removed, and acidic sulfonimide crude product was obtained as reddish brown liquid. The resultant product was dissolved in methanol/water (200/75 mL) and processed with 13.82 g potassium carbonate dissolved in 14 ml water. The obtained solution was separated by filtration, concentrated and annealed. The deposit was filtered, washed, dried with water and purified by recrystallization using ethanol, to obtain 44.13 g sulfonimide potassium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total content of the ionic group-containing aromatic polyether copolymer and carbonyl group-containing compound is 75-92 mol%. The ionic group-containing aromatic polyether copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 100000-1 million. The polymer electrolyte molding has weight retention when immersed in 95 degrees C hot water is 90 weight% or more. Preferred Definitions:    Y'=sulfonic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte medium contains lithium salt selected from LiClO4, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) or lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6). The positive electrode contains carbon selected from carbon black; graphite; activated carbon; carbon nanofiber; carbon foam; molecular carbon; tubular carbon; or N-doped carbon. The carbon shows specific surface area of 20-2000 m2/g and/or pore diameter of greater than or equal to 5 nm and/or average primary particle diameter of 8-350 nm. The negative electrode contains lithium protected electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The compound having -N-CO- group in the molecule is at least one of linear amides, lactams or ureas. The compound having -N-CO- group in the molecule is selected from N,N-dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide; N-methylpyrrolidone; tetramethylurea; or tetraethylurea. The liquid part of electrolyte contains at least 60 volume%, with respect to the total volume of the liquid part of the electrolyte medium, of compounds having -N-CO- group in the molecule. The liquid part of electrolyte medium contains up to 40 volume% of at least one aprotic organic solvent selected from cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, cyclic esters, cyclic ethers, chain ethers, and nitriles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder material of positive electrode and/or negative electrode is selected from homopolymers and copolymers of monomers selected from tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers, and sulfonate group-terminated perfluorovinyl ethers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A halogen-containing compound of formula: Hal-L-Hal is reacted with aromatic compound of formula: V'-U'-V' at 50-120 degrees C in the presence of aromatic solvent including toluene, triethylamine and catalyst containing tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, and conjugated polymer is produced.Hal=bromo;andV'=group of formula (i), -CC- or -CH=CH-.Preferred Properties: The polymer has number average polymerization degree of 3 or more, preferably 200 or less measured by gel permeation chromatography. Preferred Polymer: The conjugated polymer has repeating unit of formula (V).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Carbon allotrope is graphite. The added amount of graphite is 5-30 pts.wt. with respect to 100 pts.wt. heat-resistant resin. The added amount of aluminum nitride is 5-50 pts.wt. with respect to 100 pts.wt. heat-resistant resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-resistant resin is a polyimide-type synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polycrystal region on the blocky plate blank is cut with a groove. The groove has a V shaped vertical section. The vertical section of the groove is ladder-shaped. The bottom of the blocky plate blank is a polyhedral with regular shape. A top of the blocky plate blank is a structure of boss. The bottom of the seed crystal is a polyhedral with regular shape. A top of the seed crystal is a structure of boss. The seed crystal comprises a single crystal silicon layer of crystallographic orientation. The seed crystal layer is formed by splicing and paving the seed crystal with same crystallographic orientation, and is basically parallel to the bottom of the container. A thickness of the seed crystal layer is 10-100 mm. A thickness of the solid state seed crystal layer is 1-50 mm, when the first crystallization is started. The seed crystal layer occupies 50-99% of an area of that of the bottom of the container. Preferred Method: The method comprises crystallizing the liquid layer to form a crystal layer to make the solid-liquid interface moved an appropriate distance in the direction far away from the bottom of the container and then performing melt back and crystallization process. The melt back and crystallization steps comprise conducting melt back to the crystal layer to make solid-liquid interface to move towards the direction close to the bottom of the container and then controlling the field of the polycrystalline silicon ingot growing furnace, crystallizing the liquid layer such that the solid-liquid interface to move towards the direction away from the bottom of the container towards, where the distance that the solid-liquid interface moves towards the bottom of the container is less than the distance that the solid-liquid interface moves towards the direction far away from the bottom of the container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate with the expanded pi -conjugated system: has condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons with nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen as substituted or unsubstituted heteroatom; includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic heteroaromatic hydrocarbons, and/or pi -conjugated organic polymers, where the condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons have ring systems with 12C; and is N-ethylcarbazol, N-n-propylcarbazol, and N-iso-propylcarbazol. The heteroatoms are substituted with a 2-5C alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl group and/or a cycloalkylene group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light path conversion part includes ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or polycarbonate (PC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The holding frame and holding latch are formed from a resilient plastic material e.g. polymeric material such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sliding film is made of polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide (LiTFSI), lithium bis-perfluoroethylsulfonylimide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, and lithium perchlorate and its mixtures. The crosslinkable polyether addition includes a crosslinkable polyether selected from poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate (PEGDA), poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate (PPGDA), and poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PPGDMA) and its mixtures. The crosslinking agent is a molecule having multiple crosslinking sites. The amorphous mixture is devoid of solvent. Preferred Composition: The crosslinkable polyether has a molecular weight of from 700 or more to 6000. The crosslinking agent comprises 8 wt.% or more to 12 wt.% or less of the crosslinkable polyether addition. Preferably, the lithium salt is LiTFSI, the crosslinkable polyether addition includes PEGDA, and the amorphous mixture includes from 40 to 50 parts the polyether addition, from 40 to 50 parts SCN, and 30 parts LiTFSI. The polyether addition or electrolyte further includes a crosslinking agent, and the crosslinking agent makes up from greater than 0 to 30 wt.% or less of the polyether addition. The crosslinking agent is trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and makes up 10 wt.% of the crosslinkable polyether addition, and the amorphous mixture includes 28 pts.wt. polyether addition, 42 pts.wt. SCN, and 30 pts.wt. weight LiTFSI. The lithium salt is LiTFSI, the crosslinkable polyether is PEGDA, and the mixture includes 40-50 pts.wt. PEGDA, 40-50 pts.wt. SCN, and 30 pts.wt. LiTFSI. Preferred Method: In creating electrolyte film, mixing further includes mixing a crosslinking agent into the amorphous mixture. The method further comprises mixing an initiator as part of the amorphous mixture. Crosslinking includes activating the initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The turbine blades are formed of suitable plastics, such as fiberglass plastic, polyethylene terephthalate, or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanowire is a silver nanowire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Dispersion: In the aqueous dispersion, content of the water soluble binder resin is 5-50 wt.% based on the weight of the conductive polymer. Preferred Components: The water soluble binder resin is cross linking resin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of black coloring agent and electroconductive particles is 0.1-10 %mass and 3-10 %mass, respectively with respect to resin. The adhesive is in the form of film or paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The manufacture of electrolytic membrane further includes heating at 10-90 degrees C at the time of manufacturing clay dispersion liquid. Preferred Components: The sulfonated polysulfone is compound of formula (1). The acrylic ester and curing agent of polyhydric alcohol are further added at the time of addition of basic polymer. Clay modifier is added at the time of polymerization reaction.R1=1-10C alkyl group, 2-10C alkenyl group, Ph and NO2;p=0-4;X=-C(CF3)2-, -C(CH3)2- or -PY'(=O)-;M=Na, K or H;m,n=0.1-10;k=5-500; andY'=H or Ph.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The pellets of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer are heated using hot air, heater or heat medium, preferably hot air. The temperature of pellets of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is controlled by supplying pellets of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer into container-type mixer, in which heat retained in the internal wall surface for an appropriate time. The pellets of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and liquid additive are mixed in a mixer for 60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardenable compound has allyl group, and is arylglycidyl ether. The ionic polymer further contains secondary amine has coupled with hardenable compound. The hardenable compound is radically-polymerizable compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic onium ion is organic onium ion which has hydrocarbon group which does not contain a hetero atom as substituent. The hydrocarbon group is alkyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide-type composite film has total light transmittance of 85% or more and haze value of 3% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive composition further contains 60 %mass or less lead-free solder powder having melting point of 240 degrees C or less, and colloidal silica as thixo agent. The lead-free solder powder contains metal chosen from tin, copper, silver, bismuth, antimony, indium and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound with ethylenically unsaturated group other than ethylene, is vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and/or glycidyl methacrylate, preferably vinyl acetate methyl methacrylate. The adhesion process involves providing dispersion liquid containing particles adhered to copolymer pellets and dispersion medium, and removing dispersion medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device enables damping by mechanical friction of plastic hinge by high viscous fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The electric power supplied to metal roll electrode is more than 300 W.second/m2. The vacuum evaporation method is electron beam heating method, resistance heating method or induction overheating system. The high-density plasma is produced using inductive coupling plasma generation unit, Helicon wave plasma generation unit, microwave plasma generation unit or hollow cathode discharge generation unit. Plasma surface-treated layer formation and gas barrier formation are continuously performed in same system. One or more pairs of magnet pairs are installed on the surface of ground electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The base material is polyethylene terephthalate. A mixed solution containing metal alkoxide and water-soluble molecules is coated on the surface of gas barrier layer, heat-dried and a protective layer (103) is formed on the surface of gas barrier layer. A nylon film and a sealant film are bonded together on the surface opposite to base material surface of gas barrier film through an adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum nanoparticles have a diameter of 5-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises at least ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol and/or pentanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric surface stabilizer comprises at least polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide-triblock-copolymer, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-block-copolymer, polystyrene-polyacrylic acid-block-copolymer and/or polystyrene-polyvinylpyridine-block copolymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The electrode (11) is transparent electrode. The electrode (12) is metal electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The n-type organic-semiconductor compound is fullerene or its derivative(s). The fullerene or its derivative(s) is chosen from phenyl-61C-butyrate, diphenyl-62C-bis(butyrate), phenyl-71C-butyrate, phenyl- 85C-butyrate or thienyl-61C-butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Process: The polymer is used as p-type organic-semiconductor polymer. Preferred Composition: The organic thin-film solar cell further has a hole transportation layer (21) provided between electrode (11) and photoelectric converting layer, and an electron-carrying layer (22) provided between electrode (12) and photoelectric converting layer. The photoelectric converting layer further contain n-type organic-semiconductor compound. EXAMPLE - Octyl-2-(2,5-dibromo-3,4-dithia-1,6-diaza-cyclopenta(a)pentalen-7-ylidene)-propionate was reacted in presence of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) to obtain polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rubber-type insulation resin sheet consists of polyurethane rubber, an ethylene propylene rubber, and a nitrile rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The multi-dimension sample grooves are made of plastic. The cylindrical array is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The component (C) is a mixture of alkylene diol compounds differing in carbon numbers, preferably mixture of 1,6-hexanediol and 1,8-octanediol. The component (D) is trimethylolpropane adduct modified compound of isophorone diisocyanate. The easily-adhesive back surface protection sheet further has polyethylene terephthalate layer(s), and has transmittance of 70% or more in visible rays.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The active energy ray cured resin contains primary component consisting of base resin material capable of forming hardened substance by active energy ray polymerization reaction, a secondary component consisting of polymerization initiator, and metal alkoxide component of formula: Y'-M(-CH3)n-(OX)3-n.Y'=organic functional group;M=metal, preferably silicon, titanium, aluminum or zirconium;OX=hydrolyzable group;andn=0-2.The content of metal alkoxide component is 0.5-5 wt.% with respect to total content of primary and secondary components. Preferred Layers: The light reflection layer has thickness of 30-60 nm. The light reflection layer and corrugation layer are sequentially laminated from the direction of filled layer. A translucent insulating layer protecting the corrugation layer is laminated on surface opposite to light reflection layer. The laminate having visible ray transmittance of 80% or more is covered on one surface of light reflection layer. The corrugation shape of light reflection layer has anisotropic scattering structure, which restricts scattering direction of reflected light.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell further has wavelength conversion layers (L1) and (L2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The wavelength conversion layer (L2) contains zinc oxide particles (5a) and (5b), and zinc oxide particles (5c) having oxygen hole. The content of particles (5c) and content of particles (5b) is 0.1-3 parts mass and 0.2-1 part mass, with respect to 100 parts mass resin. Preferred Properties: The particles (5a) and (5b) have average particle diameter of 1-2 mu m and 0.05-0.5 mu m (preferably 0.1-0.4 mu m), respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electroconductive particle is made of silver powder, nickel powder, copper powder, silver coat nickel powder, and a silver coat copper powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is mixture of mercapto group-containing silane coupling agent and epoxy group-containing silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking resin main ingredient includes crosslinking substituent-containing acrylic resin having glass transition point of 25-70 degrees C. The content of silane coupling agent and content of organometallic coordination compound is 0.1-10 %mass and 0.1-7 %mass, respectively, with respect to total amount of crosslinking resin main ingredient and polyisocyanate compound. The sealing material includes polyethylene-type resin containing silane copolymer obtained by copolymerizing linear low-density polyethylene and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as comonomer, and/or low-density polyethylene having density of 0.9 g/cm3 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The mold release layer has peeling force of 20-400 mN/cm and press bonding rate of 80% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer has melt flow rate (MFR) of 0.1-100 g/10 minutes measured based on JIS K 7210, at 190 degrees C under load of 21.18 N.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is sodium or potassium. Preferred Process: A metallic element chosen from alkaline-earth metal, manganese and cobalt as trans-esterification catalyst, and metallic element chosen from antimony, titanium and germanium as polycondensation reaction catalyst are added, to the resulting mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 34-65C higher aliphatic monocarboxylic-acid ester compound is plant-derived wax. The amount of carboxyl group terminal in 34-65C higher aliphatic monocarboxylic-acid ester compound is 20 equivalents/ton or less. Preferred Process: The mixed solution of alkylene glycol and phosphoric acid alkali metal salt having pH of 2-6, is added to the polyester composition. The 34-65C higher aliphatic monocarboxylic-acid ester compound is added to polyester, and melt-kneaded.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyoxyalkylene glycol is polyethylene glycol having number-average molecular weight of 400-10000. The polyester is polyethylene terephthalate. The 34-65C higher aliphatic monocarboxylic-acid ester compound is dispersed in polyester composition with a dispersion diameter of 10 mu m or less in a cross-section perpendicular to the axial direction of the chip containing polyester composition. The increase in carboxyl group amount before and after heat-treating polyester composition is 50 equivalents/ton or less, when it is heat-treated at 155 degrees C for 4 hours. Preferred Property: The intrinsic viscosity of polyester composition is 0.55-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of oxygen with respect to silicon in silicon-oxide thin film is 1.6-2, measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The reactive-ion-etching process is performed using a gas chosen from argon, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen. Preferred Property: The silicon-oxide thin film has thickness of 10-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The gas barrier laminate further has an anchor-coat layer formed between the base material and silicon-oxide thin film, and a base layer (3) which weaves the surface of the base material with which silicon-oxide thin film is laminated by reactive-ion-etching process. The material of anchor-coat layer contains polyester resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin and oxazoline-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The (meth)acrylic-type polymer has carbonyl group in a side chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Vinyl polymer is obtained by reacting epoxy group-containing monomer and oxazoline group-containing monomer, reacting monomer containing carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group and isocyanate group-containing monomer, or reacting isocyanate group-containing monomer and monomer which has carboxyl group and/or hydroxyl group. Preferred Components: Vinyl polymer is vinyl polymer which polymerizes monomer component containing (vinyloxy alkoxy) alkyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The light-emitting diode has light-emitting diode chip provided with fluorescent substance layer containing surface-treated fluorescent substance and sealing resin, resin frame surrounding the light-emitting diode chip, and recessed portion. Preferred Conditions: The luminous intensity retention of light-emitting diode after supplying electric current of 20 mA for 1000 hours at 60 degrees C, is 80% or more, under 90% of relative humidity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluoride has fluorine, and specific element including hydrogen, ammonia or alkali metal. The fluorescent substance is silicate fluorescent substance containing alkaline-earth metal. The fluoride is of formula: R2AF6 (I), R2BF7 (II), R2BOF5 (III), or R2LO2F4 (IV). The electroconductivity of water when 1 part weight surface-treated fluorescent substance is immersed in 100 parts weight pure water for 10 minutes, is 100mS/m or less.R=hydrogen, ammonia, or alkali metal chosen from elements of group 4 and group 5 of periodic table;andA,B,L=specific element.Preferred Process: The surface-treatment reaction is carried out at 0-90 degrees C for 5 minutes to 20 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: the rutile titanium dioxide has average primary particle diameter of 0.6-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (A) is obtained by reacting saturated or unsaturated polybasic acid or its anhydride with reaction product of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid to obtain carboxyl-containing compound, and reacting obtained compound with glycidyl compound having radically polymerizable unsaturated groups and epoxy groups. The composition further contains compound (D) having epoxy group. The ratio of the compound (D) is 1-75 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of the compound (A). The compound (B) is melamine or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The foam core comprises polyurethane foam, an epoxy resin foam, a polyester resin foam, an expanded polystyrene foam and/or an expanded polypropylene foam. The reinforcement fabric comprises glass fibers, carbon fibers and/or aramid fibers. The reinforcement fabric is a biaxial non-woven fabric with at least a portion of the fibers oriented in an angle of 40-50 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis of the foam core.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Halogen-containing compound(s) of formula: Hal-L-Hal (XII) is reacted with aromatic compound(s) of formula (XIII) in presence of aromatic solvent such as toluene, alkaline such as triethylamine, and catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) at 50-120 degrees C.Hal=halo, preferably fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo;E=group of formula (b) or -CC-;andR=optionally substituted 1-16C alkyl.(i) When D' electron-withdrawing group, E is group (b); (ii) When D' is -CC-, E is -CC-; and (iii) When D' is electron-withdrawing group or -CC-, E is mixture of group (b) and -CC-. Preferred Composition: Almost all repeating units (R1) in polymer are repeating unit of formula (II) or (III).n,n'=1-18.Preferred Property: The polymer has number average degree of polymerization of 3-200 determined using polyethylene by gel permeation chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light emitting material is a fluorescent substance oriented in the base polymer, and excimer is produced. The fluorescent substance is associated in the base polymer to form orientation aggregate, which is a fibrous aggregate. The content of fluorescent substance is 0.0001-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of base polymer. The fluorescent molecule is a pyrene derivative chosen from 1-pyrene butanoic acid and pyrene-1-amine, or anthracene derivative chosen from 9-(4-hydroxyphenyl)anthracene, 9-(4-aminophenyl)anthracene and 9,10-diphenyl anthracene-1-amine. The self accumulated molecule is chosen from amino acid derivative, polycyclic aromatic derivative, cholesterol derivative and sugar derivative, preferably didodecyl glutamide, dibutyl glutamide and didodecyl lysine. The self accumulative molecule has a dispersion group. The composition further contains another fluorescent material capable of absorbing light emitted during bonding, and emitting light of long wavelength.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The base polymer is a polymer does not having absorption in visible region, and is preferably polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The plate material is selected from the group consisting of stainless steel, titanium, aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plate material is made of polymer-carbon composite based material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous solvent is present at 70-90 parts by mass. The electrolyte salt is present at 10-30 parts by mass. The matrix resin is present at 4-15 parts by mass. The surfactant is present at 0.3-5 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the filler. The filler is a ceramic powder in which a concentration of the total sum of impurities e.g. iron, copper, silicon, sodium, magnesium and zirconium (where the ceramic powder contains zirconium oxide and zirconium is excluded, and the ceramic power contains magnesium oxide and magnesium is excluded) is not greater than 100 ppm. The filler further comprises at least one member which is zirconium oxide, titanium oxide or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is a surfactant containing a hydrocarbon based surfactant which is nonionic. EXAMPLE - Nonaqueous electrolytic solution was prepared by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate in a concentration of 0.8 moles/kg in a nonaqueous solvent prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate in a proportion of ethylene carbonate to propylene carbonate of 6/4 (mass ratio). 90 parts by mass Of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, 10 parts by mass of a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (93.1/6.9 (mass ratio)), 10 parts by mass of an aluminum oxide (concentration of impurities was 55 ppm, and alpha -conversion rate was 90%) and 0.2 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the filler, of a hydrocarbon based surfactant (nonionic polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) were mixed, and then the reaction mixture was dispersed for 30 minutes, to obtain the nonaqueous electrolyte composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first metal salt comprises a transition metal that comprises manganese, iron, titanium, zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel. The first metal salt comprises a polyatomic anion that comprises phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, molybdate, oxalates, chlorate and carbonate. The first metal salt is dissolved in water and/or a glycol. The first metal salt is dissolved in a mixture of water and triethylene glycol. The second metal salt comprises lithium. The second metal salt comprises a polyatomic anion that comprises hydroxide, perchlorate, carbonate, diethyl carbonate, tetrafluoroborate, hexaflourophosphate and triflate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous polyprotic acid is phosphoric acid. The aqueous polyprotic acid is aqueous sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The apparatus further comprises frame surrounding the composite protective layer. The composite protective layer includes aluminum or aluminum alloy, gallium, indium, magnesium and/or zinc. The metal layer comprises aluminum and the metal oxide layer includes aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The white pigment particles comprise barium sulfate particles having Berger whiteness of more than 70.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The co-monomer comprises methacrylic ester, unsaturated carboxylic acid, unsaturated nitrite, unsaturated amide, vinyl ester, vinyl ether, alpha -olefin, halogenated alpha , beta -unsaturated compound, or alpha , beta -unsaturated aromatic compounds. Preferred Property: The polyester film has thickness of 2-15 mils. The coated layer has thickness of 10-60 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer component comprises ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene (meth)acrylic acid copolymer or phenoxy resin. The crosslinking agent comprises oxazoline polymer. The polyester film contains white pigment particles. The white polyester film has bonding layer containing ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, or oxazoline polymer. The oxazoline polymer is formed from oxazoline derivative of formula (I), (II) or (III), and co-monomer. The polyester film is made of polyethylene terephthalate. The polymer layer comprises a polyolefin film containing polyethylene or polypropylene.R1-R4=H, halo, alkyl, aralkyl, or optionally substituted phenyl;andR5=noncyclic radical with polymerizable double bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The plate is made of mineral glass or organic glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The panel is made of copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plate is made of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, silicone, or polycarbonate, and the panel is made of PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: In the ink composition, the onium compound is present in an amount such that 5-100 mole%, preferably 10-50 mole% of protogenic groups in the ion-conducting polymer are neutralized. The catalyst and its support each are present at 1-10 wt.%, preferably 3-5 wt.% of the total weight of the composition. The ion-conducting polymer is present at 1-20 wt.%, preferably 3-10 wt.% of the total weight of the composition. Preferred Components: The ink composition has an average particle size less than 1.5 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic hydrocarbon moiety is 5-30C alkyl, 5-30C alkenyl or 6-30C aryl. The onium compound is ammonium cations and/or phosphonium cations. The onium compound is formed from oleylamine. The onium compound includes primary ammonium cations. The ammonium compound is present at 0.02-5 wt.%, preferably 0.1-2 wt.% of the total weight of the ink composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion-conducting polymer comprises a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound contains 26 repeating units e.g. units of formulae (II)-(VI), and is electron-donating organic material. The layer containing high molecular compound is an organic photoelectric conversion layer. The high molecular compound has number average molecular weight of 1000-500000, preferably 2500-100000. Preferred Definitions:    R1=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layers in (a) and (e) have a thickness of 15-100 mu m. The layer (c) has a thickness of 100-500 mu m. The layers (b) and (d) have a thickness of 3-40 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layers (a) and (c) exhibit a thickness of 15-100 mu m and the layer (b) has a thickness of 100-500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light-reflective filler is titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The molding composition of the layer (a) and/or the layer (c) contain 2-20 wt.% polyamide elastomer. The polyamide elastomer is a polyether amide. A middle layer (b) made of a thermoplastic molding composition is present between the layers (a) and (c). An adhesive layer is present between the layers (a) and (b) and/or between the layers (b) and (c). The layers (a) and (c) directly follow each other. The layers (a) and (c) exhibit a thickness of 15-100 mu m, preferably the layer (a) has a thickness of 15-100 mu m and the layer (c) has a thickness of 100-500 mu m, and the layer (b) has a thickness of 100-500 mu m. The adhesive layer has a thickness of 3-40 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layer (a) has a thickness of 50-250 mu m. The layer (b) has a thickness of 15-100 mu m. The layer (c) has a thickness of 100-500 mu m. The layer (d) has a thickness of 3-40 mu m. The layer (e) has a thickness of 15-100 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The contact bonding layer further contains silane compound of formula: R1-Si(-R3n)-(OR2)3-n.R1=3-glycidoxy propyl or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl;R2,R3=1-3C alkyl;andn=0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinked thermoplastic resin comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer crosslinked by irradiating ionizing radiation. The adhesive resin comprises maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, silane-modified olefin resin, ethylene-acrylate-maleic anhydride terpolymer, or ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer of ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic copolymer. The fluororesin comprises tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene-fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkyl vinyl-ether copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin and/or tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of scale-like filler is 10-60 %mass with respect to total content of components (B) and (C). The component (B) is mica and/or talc. The total content of calcium oxide, potassium oxide and magnesium oxide in mica is 30 %mass or less. The content of calcium oxide of component (B) is 1.4 %mass or less. The component (C) is E glass fiber and/or AR glass fiber. The amount of metal ion is metal-ion total amount of calcium, potassium and magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains organophosphorus compound (D), and mold release improving agent (E) which does not contain metal component. Preferred Property: The resin composition has water vapor permeability of 2 or less, measured by Mocon method based on JIS K7129B, bending elastic modulus of 5-15 GPa measured based on ISO 178, and Charpy impact of 4 or more measured based on ISO 179.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric composition further contains photoinitiator. Preferred Composition: The content of polymeric compound in the polymeric composition is 75 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The surface of electrode is provided with a metal thin film layer selected from a gold, silver, aluminum and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tank has a heat preservation layer made of polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The welding material is silver-tin group welding material, silver-tin-lead group welding material and tin-lead group welding material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkaline electrolyte further comprises potassium hydroxide, zinc oxide and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The semiconductor nanocrystal is prepared by heating mixed solution of copper salt, oleic acid, and oil amine to 90-150 degrees C; mixing sulfur powder and oleic, heating the turbid mixed solution to 180-300 degrees C; injecting the copper source in the sulfur source for not greater than 10 seconds; heating the mixed solution to 120-220 degrees C for 30 seconds to 10 minutes; cleaning the colloidal solution with polar solvent; and settling. The copper source is copper halide salt. The copper ion is monovalence or divalent. The mass ratio of oil amine to copper salt is not less than 1. The volume ratio of oleic acid to oil amine is not less than 1. The mass ratio of copper salt to sulfur powder is 4:1-1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat generating body uses oil as thermal medium for heating the battery container.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The vibration control part is a heat-resistant rubber interposed between adjacent battery containers; and the heat generating body is embedded under the heat-resistant rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal nanoparticles comprise a metal core surrounded by a shell made of an insulating material or a semiconductor having a higher bandgap than that of the host material. The nanoparticles shell material is an oxide. The nanoparticles metal core is made of a noble metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The quantum dots shell material is selected from oxides, nitrides, carbides, and/or their alloys. The quantum dots core material is selected from: lead chalcogenides, and Si, Ge, III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors and their multinary alloys. The host material is selected from: hydrogenated amorphous silicon, preferably alloyed with carbon, a conjugated conductive polymer selected from the group of organic derivatives of the type poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV), polythiophene (PT) or polyfluorene (PF), and a material selected from I-III-VI2 chalcopyrite semiconductors and derivatives obtained from deviations in the stoichiometry of it.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The layers (a) and (e) exhibit a thickness of 15-100 mu m. The layer (c) has a thickness of 100-500 mu m. The layers (b) and (d) exhibit a thickness of 3-40 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The high-molecular compound is prepared by dissolving monomer having functional group in organic solvent, and performing polymerization reaction using aryl coupling reaction in presence of alkali, catalyst and ligand. Preferred Composition: The content of the electron-accepting compound in the active layer is 10-1000 part weight, with respect to 100 part weight of high-molecular compound. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative. The high-molecular compound further includes repeating unit (C) of formula (III), and repeating unit (D) of formula (IV).R6,R7=6-10C alkyl. EXAMPLE - (7,7-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-10-(tributylstannyl)-3,11-dithiatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),4,9-tetraen-4-yl)tributylstannane (500 mg), 4,7-dibromo-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (155 mg) and toluene (33 ml) were added into 200 mL-flask and mixed, to obtain homogeneous solution. Tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (7 mg) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (14 mg) were added to the resultant solution, stirred at 100 degrees C for 6 hours, phenyl bromide (89 mg) was added, and stirred for 5 hours. Then, the flask was cooled at 25 degrees C, and the resultant liquid was poured into methanol (300 mL). The resultant liquid was filtered, precipitated, extracted with methanol, acetone and hexane for 5 hours, and the resultant extracted organic layer was washed twice with water (50 ml), acetic acid aqueous solution (50 ml), then further washed with water (50 ml), potassium fluoride aqueous solution (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The resultant solution was poured into methanol, the polymer was deposited, filtered, dried and purified, to obtain high-molecular compound (185 mg) having weight average molecular weight of 35000 and number average molecular weight of 13500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is polyester-based resin, preferably polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate. Preferred Property: The average bubble diameter of the foam is 0-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The product or at least one component of the product is comminuted into the pieces prior to the detection of the first or the second labeling material, and separation is carried out for obtaining the pieces of the product. The first or the second labeling material is completely distributed in the first material of the product or at least one component of the product in a uniform manner. The first material is a polymeric material, preferably polypropylene and/or polyethylene, or a co-polymer of polyethylene and polypropylene. The first or the second labeling material is detectable by an optical sensor (16), an electromagnetic or a magnetic sensor. The first or the second labeling material is a material reacting on an alternating electromagnetic field or a magnetic field, preferably is a material reacting on light in the non visible wavelength range with a color change, a magnetic material, a fluorescent or a phosphorescent material, or a photo luminescent material. The first material is identified in the product, the component of the product or the pieces of the product by detecting the first labeling material in the first material, where the first material is identified due to a defined allocation between the first material and the first labeling material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide semiconductor is zinc oxide. The nanocarbon is graphene or fullerene. The fullerene is 60C, 70C, 76C or 84C fullerene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The aqueous suspension of step (a) further comprises generating at least one electronic conductive agent. The electrodes are separated from each other by a paper sheet impregnated with liquid electrolyte. Preferred Components: The amount of mixture of solid particles is 0.02-5 wt.%. The threshold of filtration step (b) is 1-100 mu m. The electronic conductive agent is carbon black, carbon SP, acetylene black, carbon fiber and nanofiber, carbon nanotube and/or metal particle. The positive electrode contains an active material comprising substituted lithium compounds of formula (LixMnyO4), (LiMPO4), (LiAlx1Coy1NizO2) and (LiNi(1-y1)Coy1O2), or lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2). The negative electrode contains an active material comprising graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon or metal alloys of formula (Liy2M1). The electrode has a thickness of 500-300 mu m.x, y = 0-2, where x+y is 3;M = Fe, Mn, Co or Ni;x1, y1, z = 0 or 1, where x+y+z is 1;y2 = 1-5; andM1 = Mn, Sn, Pb, Si, In or Ti.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The refined cellulose fibers are obtained to a refining method comprising dispersing, in an aqueous medium, the dried cellulose fibers to obtain a cellulose fiber paste in which the content of cellulose fibers is 1-15 mass%, and shearing the cellulose fiber paste to obtain refined cellulose fibers having a Schopper-Riegler degree of 30-95 degrees SR. In the method, an antiflocculating agent of fibers is included in the aqueous suspension of step (a). Preferred Components: The amount of cellulose fibers used in step (a) is 2-50 wt.%. The antiflocculating agent of fiber is carboxymethyl cellulose and/or starch. The amount of antiflocculating agent of fiber is 0.01-10 mass%. The degree of refined cellulose fibers is at least 30 degrees SR.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus compound contains two or more sites which can react with the metal oxide. The phosphorus compound is chosen from phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and phosphonic acid. The ratio of number-of-moles of metal atom in metal oxide and number-of-moles of the phosphorus atom in the phosphorus compound is 1-3.6. The base (X) contains thermoplastic resin film layer, paper layer and/or inorganic vapor deposition layer. The metal oxide is hydrolysis-condensation product of compound (L) containing metal atom having bonded hydrolyzable characteristic group. The compound (L) contains compound (L1) of formula: M1X1mR1(n-m) (I). The compound (L1) contains compound chosen from aluminum triisopropoxide and aluminum tri-sec-butoxide. Preferred Arrangement: The layer (Y) is laminated on both surfaces of the base (X). Preferred Properties: The composite structure has water vapor transmission rate less than 0.1 g/(m2.day), at 40 degrees C under 90/0%RH and average water vapor transmission rates of 1900 to 2000 hours of 5 g/(m2.day). The viscosity of the coating liquid is 3000 mPa.second or less, measured with Brookfield form rotational viscometer under rotational speed of 60 rpm.M1=Al;X1=F, Cl, Br, I, R2O-, R3C(=O)O-, (R4C(=O))2CH- or NO3;R1-R4=alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or alkenyl;n=valence of M1;andm=1-n.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (Y) further contains polymer having functional group chosen from hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, carboxylic anhydride group and carboxyl group. The polymer is salt of polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polysaccharide, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode material and/or negative electrode material contains active material comprising sulfur and/or organic substance molecule. The solid electrolyte has lithium ion conductivity, and contains support agent and ionic liquid containing lithium ion. The support agent contains metal oxide particles comprising silica, zirconia, alumina, titania, cerium oxide, lithium phosphate and/or lithium-tantalum titanate. The negative electrode material contains carbon, lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, zinc, indium, tin and/or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid comprises bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide, bis(fluorosulfonyl amide), molten salt, organic electrolyte and/or aqueous electrolyte, preferably 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide or 1-methyl-2-butyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide. The active material comprises tetracyanoquinodimethane. The organic electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and/or propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The birefringence of skin layer (A) along the machine direction is less than 3.5x 10-3. The ratio of birefringence of skin layer (A) along the machine direction to birefringence of skin layer (A) at right angle direction along the machine direction, and ratio of birefringence of skin layer (B) along the machine direction and birefringence of skin layer (B) at right angle direction along the machine direction is 0.5-3, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyvinyl acetal resin layer is formed using polyvinyl acetal resin composition or polyvinyl acetal resin having vinyl alcohol unit content of 8-30 %mass. Preferred Composition: Each polyvinyl acetal resin layer has 3-layer structure having core layer (C) existing between two outer layers (A) and (B). Preferred Properties: Birefringence (nMDC) along machine direction of core layer (C) is 0.2x 10-3 or less. Birefringence (nMDA) along machine direction of outer layer (A) is more than birefringence (nMDB) along machine direction of outer layer (B). The difference in birefringences (nMDB) and (nMDC) is 0.1x 10-3. Birefringence (nMDA) along machine direction of outer layer (A) is more than 0.1x 10-3 to less than 3.5x 10-3. The ratio of birefringence (nMDA) and birefringence (nTDA) along direction perpendicular to machine direction of outer layer (A) is 0.5-3. The ratio of birefringence (nMDB) and birefringence (nTDB) along direction perpendicular to machine direction of outer layer (B) is 0.5-3. The polyvinyl acetal resin composition or polyvinyl acetal resin has melt tension of 0.5-2.5 cN when discharging in form of strand shape at speed of 5 times of discharge rate of 45 mm/second from circular die having diameter of 1 mm under heat-melting at 200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic fine particles contain rutile-type titanium dioxide as main constituent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thermal contraction rate of white polyester film at 150 degrees C of longitudinal direction is 0.2-3%. The breaking elongation retention of white polyester film after accelerated hydrolysis test is 60-100% at 105 degrees C for 200 hours process at relative humidity of 100% RH and at pressure of 0.03 MPa. The breaking elongation retention and change of color (basterisk) value of white polyester film after accelerated photo-degradation test is 35% or more and 12 or less, respectively at 63 degrees C, at relative humidity of 50% RH, UV-irradiation intensity of 100 mW/cm2 for 100 hours of irradiation. Preferred Composition: The white polyester film has an application layer containing polyurethane resin containing aliphatic polycarbonate polyol as structural component positioned at surface(s) of polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound further contains repeating unit of formula: =C(R3)- and a repeating unit having optionally substituted thiophene diyl. The absorption wavelength vicinity of high molecular compound is 600 nm or more. The energy level of highest occupied molecular orbital of high molecular compound is less than -4.5 eV. The compound (C) further has group of formula: =C(R4)- coupled with group (III) and thiophene ring. The compound (C) contains two substituted stannyl groups of formula: -Sn(-R5)(-R5)(-R5).R3,R4=H or substituent;andR5=alkyl. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X4=sulfur atom;and    Ar1=optionally substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole diyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flowing gas is argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The functional groups are chosen from epoxy bridge, hydroxyl group, phenol group and carbonyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Separator contained in the battery includes a porous polypropylene, preferably Celgard 3501 (RTM: polypropylene). Electrolyte contained in the battery is ionic liquid-based electrolyte, preferably 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether electrolyte, more preferably lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether electrolyte. Graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite cathode contained in the battery contains carbon black, polyvinylidene difluoride and aluminum substrate. The weight ratio of graphene oxide-sulfur nanocomposite, carbon black, and polyvinylidene difluoride is 70:20:10. Preferred Process: The sodium polysulfide solution is added to the graphene oxide dispersion in presence of 5 wt.% of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide as surfactant. The sodium polysulfide solution is prepared by adding sodium sulfide into flask which is filled with distilled water to form sodium sulfide solution and adjusting elemental sulfur suspended in the sodium sulfide solution. 50-90 Wt.% (preferably 60-70 wt.%) of sulfur is incorporated into the graphene oxide after heat treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The solar energy battery layer is a copper-indium-gallium selenide film having a thickness of 2-5 microns. The flexible adhesive layer is a flexible polyurethane adhesive layer, a flexible epoxy resin adhesive layer, or a flexible acrylic acid resin adhesive layer, having a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm. The waterproof material layer is modified asphalt waterproof material layer, chlorinated polyethylene waterproof material layer, polyolefin waterproof material layer, ternary ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber waterproof material layer, PVC waterproof material layer, or PVC/chlorinated polyethylene mixed rubber material layer, having a thickness of 0.5-3.8 mm. The self-adhesive material layer is acrylic resin or modified asphalt self-adhesive material layer, having a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. The isolation layer is polyethylene layer. The joint sheet has a width of 70-100 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reinforcing element is formed of polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene (POM) and ABC polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A binder coating comprises polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate comprises a silicon substrate having a top surface; a buffer layer disposed on the top surface; and an n+ contact disposed on the buffer layer. A transparent conductive oxide layer is disposed on the polymer matrix, and forms a Schottky contact with each of the light absorbing elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The device further comprises a polymer matrix encapsulating the light absorbing elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Component A contains 35-55 mol.% compound of formula CH3C(=O)CH3 (1) with respect to 100 mol.% arylene group. Component B contains metal, metal oxide, and/or fullerene which has polyphenylene sulfide, polyazole, manganese (Mn), and/or cerium (Ce). Polymer electrolyte composition contains 0.01-35 mass% component B.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The electrodes have single-or multi-atomic graphene layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible membrane material is selected from the group consisting of thermo plastic olefin, ethylene propylene diene monomer, polyvinyl chloride thermoplastic vulcanizates, bitumen, modified bitumen, or thermo plastic olefin backed with a polyester fleece. The mounting unit comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene, or polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): 3,3',4,4'-Biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride, and 1,4-diaminocyclohexane are polymerized, to obtain polyimide precursor. Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains organic solvent. EXAMPLE - N-methylpyrrolidone (56 g) and 1,4-diamino cyclohexane (3.43 g) were stirred, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (8.39 g) was added, heated, spin-drying, 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride (0.47 g) was added and heat-stirred, to obtain solution containing polyamic acid (polyimide precursor) having weight average molecular weight of 31000 and dispersion degree of 2.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition of matter further comprises a stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP). Preferred Method: The method for forming the electrode further comprises adding conductive additive into the slurry. The method for preparing polyethyleneoxide coated graphite particles further comprises dissolving radical initiator in the ether solvent to form the solution, dispersing polyethyleneoxide coated graphite particles in hexane solvent, heating to initiate a crosslinking of the polyethyleneoxide to form a permanent coating on the surface of the graphite, and then exposing to UV light to initiate the crosslinking of the polyethyleneoxide to form the permanent coating on the surface of the graphite. Preferred Components: The conductive additive is acetylene black or carbon fiber. The electrode is a cathode or an anode, and further comprises a current collector, which comprises copper. The electrolyte is an ionic liquid-based electrolyte, N-butyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI)-lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)-polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME), or LiTFSI-PEGDME. The cathode further comprises an aluminum substrate. The amount of PVDF coated graphite particles is 0.0001-10 wt.% (preferably 1 wt.%). The amount of polyethyleneoxide coated graphite particles is 0.0001-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The SBR polymer binder solution comprises an organic solvent, preferably toluene. The radical initiator comprises azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The separator is a porous polypropylene, preferably Celgard 3501 (RTM: Porous polypropylene). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The plastic film contains fluororesin film, polyethylene terephthalate film, hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. The plastic film is film obtained by laminating polyethylene terephthalate film, hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate film and fluororesin film. The back-protective sheet further has ultraviolet absorption layer laminated on fluororesin film side of plastic film. Preferred Property: The back-protective sheet, polyolefin-based resin multilayered film and plastic film has thickness of 250-350 mu m, 130-200 mu m and 200-250 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic particle contains silicon, oxide of titanium, hydroxide and nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inorganic particle contains zirconium and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material which comprises the porous substrate layer contains polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene propylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of structures derived from crosslinking agent in primary polymer layer, is 0.5-80 %mass with respect to all polymer resin in primary polymer layer. The primary polymer layer further contains filler. Preferred Properties: The shrinkage rate of polymer sheet is 1% or less, when heat-processed at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes. The break elongation of polyester support component after carrying out time-lapse at 120 degrees C for 48 hours under relative humidity of 100%, is 50% or more of the length of the polyester support component before time-lapse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The film material is a polyimide, a polyamidoimide, or a heat resistant film of the polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copolymer having repeating units (I) and (II) is a copolymer having repeating unit of formula (III). The active layer further contains fullerene compound, borane derivative, thiazole derivative, benzothiazole derivative, benzothiadiazole derivative, n-Naphthalene tetracarboxylic-acid diimide, N-alkyl-substituted perylene diimide derivative and N-alkyl-substituted n-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The dye breaking unit includes a filler material that is selected from a group consisting of metal, alloy, organic polymer, inorganic material and combinations. The filler material is selected from the group consisting of steel wool, ceramic beads and the combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The glass sheet is coated with a plastic layer, particularly a polymer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The perfluorinated polymer acid (50% or more) is localized into portion of 30% of thickness of polymer conductive layer. The polymer conductive layer contains a polymer (A) having hydroxyl group-containing structural unit of formula (I), and polymer (B) having ester or amide bond-containing structural unit of formula (II) does not having hydroxyl group.R=H or methyl;Q=-C(=O)O- or -C(=O)NRa-;Ra=H or alkyl;A=optionally substituted alkylene or -(CH2CHRbO)x-CH2CHRb-;Rb=Ra;x=0-100;y=0 or 1;Z=alkoxy, -O-C(=O)-Rc, -O-SO2-Rd or -O-Si(Re)3;andRc-Re=perfluoroalkyl, alkyl or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of electron-accepting compound contained in functional layer is 10-1000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of polymer compounds. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The polymer compound is of formula (III).T=R. EXAMPLE - (8,8-Bis(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-11-(tributylstannyl)-7-oxa-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-4-yl)tributylstannane (249 mg), 1,3-dibromo-5-(3-ethylheptyl)-4H,5H,6H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione (100 mg), tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (6.5 mg), and dehydrated toluene (18 ml) were mixed, and homogeneous solution was obtained. The obtained toluene solution was bubbled with argon, and tris(dibenzylidene)bipalladium (3.25 mg) was added, and stirred. Phenyl bromide (10 mg) was added to the resultant mixture, cooled at room temperature, filtered, precipitated, washed and dried to obtain polymer compound having molecular weight of 25000 and number average molecular weight of 16200.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The operation part is made of polycarbonate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC-ABS) or polycarbonate (PC-GF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The functional layer is made of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum nitride, or mixture of boron nitride and magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal alloy powder tin-silver alloy, tin-silver-copper alloy and antimony-tin alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic resin is ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin and rosin organic solvent. The rosin organic solvent is terpineol, butyl carbitol acetate, diethylene glycol butyl ether and dibutyl phthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The ceramic fibers contain magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent is toluene. The plasticizer is benzyl butyl phthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The organic binder is polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinyl alcohol-type resin has 1,2-diol structural unit of formula -(C(R1)(R2)-C(R3)(X-C(R4)(OH)C(R5)(OH)-R6))- (1). N.B. R1-R6 and X are not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The sealing material composition has maximal absorption wavelength in wavelength region of 240-280 nm. The sealing material has light transmittance at wavelength of 240-280 nm of 10% or less measured when thickness is 460 mu m. Preferred Composition: The sealing material composition further contains ultraviolet absorber different from A-wave ultraviolet absorber. The ultraviolet absorber different from the A-wave ultraviolet absorber is a benzoate-type ultraviolet absorber, preferably 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy benzoate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adamantane-containing structural unit is derived from 1-adamantyl methacrylate, 2-methyl-2-adamantyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl-2-adamantyl methacrylate and 1-hydroxy-3-adamantyl methacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyvinylidene fluoride and acrylic copolymer with respect to total content of polyvinylidene fluoride and acrylic copolymer is 70-98 %mass and 2-30 %mass, respectively. The content of adamantane-containing structural unit (I) and carboxylate group-containing structural unit (II) is 5-15 %mass, and 85-95 %mass, respectively. The adamantane-containing structural unit (I) is of formula (Ia) or (Ib). The polyvinylidene fluoride is homopolymer.R3=H or 1-4C alkyl.Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of acrylic copolymer is 5000-20000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The polymer is mixed with water in arbitrary ratio, and protecting group is removed in a solvent which does not have an amide bond and an ester bond, and co-existence of alkylene glycol. The liquid state of slightly water-soluble polymer is a solution state. The state of sulfo group-containing polymer is a solution state. The slightly water-soluble polymer is a polymer containing a polyarylene, sulfo-containing repeating unit of formula (I), aromatic repeating unit of formula: -(((Ar1-Y1)a-Ar2-Z1-((Ar3-Y2)b-Ar4-Z2)c)n-(Ar1-Y1)a-Ar2)- (II) and -Ar0-.R1=H, fluoro, cyano, or 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl, 6-20C aryloxy or 2-20C acyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro, cyano, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl and 6-20C aryloxy);adjacent 2 R1=ring;m=1 or 2;k=4-m;a-c=0 or 1;m=5 or more;Ar1-Ar4,Ar0=bivalent aromatic group chosen from 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy or 2-20C acyl (both optionally substituted by fluoro, cyano, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl or 6-20C aryloxy), 6-20C aryl or 6-20C aryloxy (both optionally substituted by fluoro, cyano, 1-20C alkoxy or 6-20C aryloxy);Y1,Y2=single bond, carbonyl, sulfonyl, isopropylidene, hexafluoroisopropylidene or fluorene-9,9-diyl;andZ1,Z2=oxygen atom or sulfur atom. Preferred Definitions:    R0=2,2-dimethylpropyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fiber: The inorganic fiber is chosen from mineral fiber and carbon fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is chosen from polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin and polyvinyl acetate resin. The binder adhesion amount based on the amount of inorganic fiber laminated material is 1-20 wt.%. The binder adhesion amount based on the amount of inorganic fiber laminated material is 1-20 wt.%. The variation coefficient of tensile strength of nonwoven fabric is 50% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The epoxy resin is a hydrophobic epoxy resin dispersed with inorganic particle such as clay, silica, alumina, or titanium oxide, in which surface of the inorganic particle is modified by silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The former connector body and/or the arm are made of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamide, polycarbonate, or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The unit includes: a fixing member having a depression accommodating the electronic device and the adhering member bonds the opposite member and the fixing member together; and many external terminals that are individually electrically connected to the electronic device. The particle-diameter distribution satisfies the conditions as given in the specification. The inorganic particles have a flake shape and are present at 5-20 wt.%. The adhering surface of the unit to the adhering member is rougher than the adhering surface of the opposite member to the adhering member. In the electronic component: a spacer is disposed between the opposite member and the unit; the adhering member encloses a space between the electronic device and the opposite member; the width of the adhering member is larger than the thickness of the adhering member; the area of the contact surface of the opposite member with the space is larger than the area of the adhering surface of the opposite member to the adhering member; the electronic device is a photoelectric conversion element; and the distance between a light-receiving region of the electronic device and the opposite member is greater than or equal to 200 mu m. The adhesive has a viscosity of 5-50 Pas and is frame shape. The external terminals are provided at least in the region of orthogonal projection from at least one of the electronic device and the opposite member. Preferred Method: The step of exposing is carried for less than 10 minutes at a wavelength of less than or equal to 0.5 mu m, where the amount of exposure light is greater than or equal to 4000 mJ/cm2. The opposite member is heated to greater than or equal to 100 degrees C, after exposure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: Forming an optic structure comprises at least partially filling an optic mold with the transmissive material. The thermal ramp comprises exposing the transmissive layer for a first period of time to a first temperature below a cure temperature of the transmissive layer and raising the temperature to the cure temperature at or within 100 degrees C of an operating temperature of the optical device for a second period of time. The cure temperature is within 50 degrees C of an operating temperature of the optical device. The method further comprises annealing the cured optic structure and applying a thin film coating to the optical device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transmissive layer is a silicone, preferably a platinum cure silicone, having an optical transmission of 88-95% at 350-1100 nm, and a refractive index of 1.39-1.59. The optic structure is a lens (100) which is a Fresnel lens. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The external sheet and internal sheet are made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating portion is provided with foam material formed of polyisocyanurate and phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The electrode (11) is transparent electrode. The electrode (12) is metal electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric converting layer further contains n-type organic-semiconductor compound which is fullerene or its derivative(s), preferably, phenyl-61C butyrate, diphenyl-62C bis(butyrate), phenyl-71C butyrate, phenyl-85C butyrate or thienyl-61C butyrate. The organic thin-film solar cell further has a hole transportation layer (21) between electrode (11) and photoelectric converting layer, and electron carrying layer (22) between electrode (12) and photoelectric converting layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The 1,5-dihydro-cyclopenta(c)pyrrole polymer is copolymer including copolymerization component containing aromatic compound of formulae (II)-(VII).Xa=C(Ra)2, Si(Ra)2, S, Se, SO, SO2 or CO;Xb=NH, O or S;Xc=CRa or N;Ra=H or substituent;andor Ra+Ra=ring. EXAMPLE - 4,6-Dibromo-3-octylthieno(3,4-d)isoxazole (A) was polymerized in presence of bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0), to obtain polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated compound (I) is compound chosen from 15 compound e.g. compound of formula (a)-(e). The content of unsaturated compound (I) or (II) is 0.1-100 %mass, with respect to the metal conductive fiber.V3-V7,R71,R72=H or substituent;andR51,R52,R61,R62=group substitutable for N, or H.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The metal conductive fiber contains 50-100 mol.% of silver. The electroconductive composition further contains compound which can be coordinated to metal ion and/or compound which can adsorb to metal. The electroconductive layer contains a conductive region and a non-conductive region. The electroconductive component further has middle layer(s) (30) between base material and electroconductive layer. Preferred Properties: The metal conductive fiber has average short-axis length of 1-30 nm. The electroconductive layer has surface resistance of 1-1000 (ohm)/square.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The condensing film contains inorganic material chosen from quartz, glass, blue plate glass and optical glass, and organic material having refractive index of 1.30-1.65.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The shape of the periphery (12) of each corrugated portion is a triangle, a tetragon or one or more of polygon chosen from a hexagon. The each corrugated portion is arranged without gap so that each side of each polygon may overlap with adjacent polygonal side. The cross-sectional shape of the each corrugated portion is substantially isosceles trapezoid, a substantially isosceles triangle, a hemisphere shape or parabolic-shape. The condensing film is a transmissive-type condensing film. The solar cell module has a photovoltaic cell, a sealing material layer by which the photovoltaic cell is sealed, a translucent layer provided on single surface or both surfaces of the sealing material layer, and the condensing film provided on the translucent layer. Preferred Composition: The condensing film contains fuororesin chosen from polychlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkylvinyl ether) copolymer, polyvinylidenefluoride and tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene/ethylene copolymer. The transcription mold contains inorganic raw material chosen from nickel, silicon, quartz and glass, thermoplastic resin and/or a thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive particles include silver, gold, copper, nickel, carbon nanotubes, graphite, tin, tin alloys, and/or bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermoset comprises epoxy, cyanate ester, maleimide, phenolic, anhydride, vinyl, allyl and/or amino functionalities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organic palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is chosen from bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and tris(di(4-acetoxybenzylidene)acetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and the tin-containing compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is chosen from methylbenzene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Tin-containing compound of formula (II) and bromine-containing compound of formula (III) are added in molar ratio of 1:1 into organic solvent containing catalyst under anaerobic conditions, and Stille coupling reaction is performed at 70-120 degrees C for 6-60 hours, to obtain difluoro-benzotriazolyl polymer (I). Preferred Process: The difluoro-benzotriazolyl polymer is purified. Preferred Conditions: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 90-110 degrees C for 12-48 hours. Preferred Definitions:    n=50-70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ultraviolet light absorbent is rutile titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alpha -olefin is ethylene, propylene, butene, hexane or octene. The curing agent is tert-butyl peroxide or 2-ethylhexyl carbonate. The curing accelerator is triallyl cyanurate or isonitrile. The tackifier is glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxy silane. The antioxidant is di(2,4-di-cumyl phenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, pentaerythritol diphosphite, tri(nonyl phenyl)phosphite ester or tri(2,4-di-tert-butyl phenyl)phosphite ester. The ultraviolet light stabilizing agent is poly(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-ethanol)ester or bi(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer resin is alpha -olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder is barium-boron-zinc-silicon type glass comprising barium oxide (20-50), silica (1-20), boron trioxide (20-30) and zinc oxide (20-30).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silver powder is spherical silver powder having purity of more than 99.95%, average particle diameter of 0.5-1.5 mu m, specific surface area of 0.1-0.5 m2 and tap density of 4-4.5 g/ml. The inorganic additive is chosen from tin, zinc, iron and indium, and has average grain diameter of 0.5 mu m or less and purity of more than 99.9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic adhesive comprises (in wt.%) cellulose (5-20) and terpineol (20-60).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder is bismuth-boron-zinc-vanadium type glass comprising bismuth oxide (60-80), boron trioxide (10-20), zinc oxide (1-10), and vanadium oxide (1-10).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silver powder is spherical silver powder having purity of more than 99.95%, average particle diameter of 2-3 mu m, specific surface area of 0.1-0.5 m2 and tap density of 6-6.5 g/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molybdenum-based material is nano molybdenum powder, molybdenum chloride or acetylacetone molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic adhesive comprises (in wt.%) ethyl cellulose (10-20), hydrogenated rosin (5-10), hydrogenated castor oil (0.2-0.5), butylcarbitol (30-60) and dioctyl phthalate (20-50).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate comprises a polymer material i.e. polyimide, polyvinyl fluoride and polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is coated on the rear surface of the plastic substrate. The titanium oxide (TiO) is coated on the top of specific barrier layer. Other barrier layer is coated with silicon dioxide (SiO2). The upper electrode substrate is made of titanium, zinc, tungsten, and molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic substrate and sealing material comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyethersulfone (PES).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cross-linking agent is the isocyanate-based compound. The content of cross-linking agent is 0.01-5 pats weight with respect to 100 parts weight of acrylic copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains crosslinking promotor (0-1 part weight). Preferred Properties: The acrylic copolymer has glass transition temperature of -15 degrees C to 15 degrees C and weight-average molecular weight of 5-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate contains resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat radiation resin comprises heat dissipation pigment selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, ferric oxide, phosphate oxide, alumina, zirconia, diamond and carbon nanotube (CNT).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The phase transition medium is selected from the group consisting of n-octacosane, n-heptacosane, n-hexadecanoic acid, n-tetracosane, n-tricosane, n-heneicosane, n-eicosanoic acid, n-nonadecane, n-octadecane, n-heptachlor decane, n-hexadecane, n-pentadecane, n-tetradecane and n-tridecane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheet is made of non-woven polyester fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal is tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), silver (Ag), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), boron (B), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), germanium (Ge), silicon (Si), lead (Pb), thallium (Tl), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), niobium (Nb), manganese (Mn), and/or chromium (Cr). Salt used for preparing 2nd aqueous solution is sulfate, nitrate, chloride, acetate, iodide, and/or bromide. Reducing agent is triethanolamine or monoethanolamine. Chalcogen is selenium (Se), sulfur (S), and/or tellurium (Te). Substrate is molybdenum-coated glass, metal, ceramic, and/or polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is alcohol. Preferred Definitions:    M=Cu, In, or Ga.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The separator consists of woven fabric gel electrolyte sheet. The substance which provides the dilatancy characteristic consists of electrolyte which is mixture of Si, Al, Mg and\or Zr, and solvent, preferably boron-containing siloxane polymer, or polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, poly fluorination vinylidene and gel electrolyte polymer containing polymethylmethacrylate. The gel electrolyte polymer has bonding added to an organic solvent chosen from polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, poly fluorination vinylidene and polymethylmethacrylate as plasticizer, or a ethylene oxide bonding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester polyol (A) contains 5C or more aliphatic glycol, oligoalkylene ether diol, and polyalkylene ether diol as copolymerization component, and has glass transition temperature of -20 degrees C to 20 degrees C and number average molecular weight of 5000-40000. The polyisocyanate compound (B) is chosen from adduct component of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isocyanurate component of HDI, biuret component of HDI, adduct body of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), isocyanurate component of IPDI and biuret component of IPDI. The content of polyisocyanate compound (B) with respect to 100 parts weight of polyester polyol (A) is 1-20 parts weight. The adhesive composition further contains terminal blocking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-volatile lithium ion conductive electrolyte is a non-volatile liquid lithium ion conductive electrolyte. The non-volatile, solid moisture barrier electrolyte has at least one ion conductive glass or ceramic layer and at least one ion conductive polymer layer, where the glass or ceramic layer acts as a protective barrier for the anode to prevent parasitic reactions with moisture or oxygen. The glass or ceramic electrolyte layer has at least one ion conductive glass or ceramic layer and at least one ion conductive polymer layer. The non-volatile, solid moisture barrier electrolyte ion conductive polymer layer, or the glass or ceramic electrolyte ion conductive polymer layer is comprised of a polyethylene oxide containing a lithium salt. The oxygen cathode also contains a conductive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In the filler composition: a volumetric ratio of the desiccant material to the filler material increases in a direction through the filler material; and a volumetric ratio of the desiccant material to the filler material is 1-95%, preferably 10-50%. Preferred Components: The desiccant material is uniformly or non-uniformly distributed in the filler material. The desiccant material comprises aluminosilicate zeolite, polyaluminum oxide, polyacrylic acid, silica gel, calcium oxide, clay or calcium sulfate. The desiccant material has an average pore size of 3-25 Angstrom , preferably 3.2-5 Angstrom . The volumetric ratio of the desiccant material to the filler material increases in a direction toward an outer surface of the device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The filler material comprises polyurethane, epoxy, silicone, poly acrylic, butyl rubber, polyisobutylene rubber, polyolefin or ethylene vinyl acetate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator is oxidizing agent, preferably onium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The repeating unit having hole transportability of polymer or oligomer is chosen from repeating unit including an aromatic amine structure and a repeating unit including carbazole structure. The polymer or oligomer has branched structure, preferably structure of formula (Ia) and/or (Ib), and structure of formula (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa) and/or (IIIb) and. The polymer or oligomer has three or more terminal. The thienyl group exists at three or more terminal of polymer or oligomer. The composition further contains a solvent.R1-R3=H or alkyl, where at least one of R1-R3 is H;Ara=arenediyl or heteroarenediyl;andArb=arenetriyl or heteroarenetriyl.Preferred Property: The polymer or oligomer has weight average molecular weight of 1000-1000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, n-butyl-4,4-di-(t-butylperoxy)valerate, and/or t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate. The composition contains 0.01-3 weight part UV absorbers, and 0.01-3 weight part crosslinking adjuvants with respect to 100 weight parts ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The molar ratio of organic palladium and boron-containing compound is 1:20-1:100. The solvent is methyl benzene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The aqueous alkali is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A 5-membered boron-containing compound of formula (II) and a sulfur-containing compound of formula (III) are mixed in molar ratio of 1:1 with an organic solvent containing aqueous alkali and catalyst in anaerobic condition. Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, and fluorine-containing difluoro benzotriazolyl copolymer (I) is produced. Preferred Method: The copolymer is purified after reaction. The reaction is preferably carried out at 80-110 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Definitions:    n=50-70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of synthetic material and is thermally insulated with polyurethane. The transparent cylinder is made of plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is dicumyl peroxide. The ultraviolet light absorbent is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2,4-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone or tertiary octyl phenyl benzotriazole. The ultraviolet light stabilizer is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid or bi(1-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate. The antioxidant is beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionic acid, beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionic acid, beta -(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionic acid or tri(2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol)phosphite ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of polyolefin film is 100-1000 micro m. Preferred Components: The structure reinforcing layer is polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer, and has thickness of 40-400 micro m. The adhesive layer is polyurethane glue layer, acrylic ester rubber layer or epoxy rubber layer, and has thickness of 40-400 micro m. The weatherable layer is made of polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride, and has thickness of 4-60 micro m. The adhesive is polyurethane glue, acrylic ester glue or epoxy glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid or trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid. The amount of the catalyst is 2-7 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran or toluene. The fullerene solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In step (1), the reaction temperature is 70-120 degrees C and the reaction time is 7-24 hours. The step (1) comprises preparing oligomer hydrazone without purifying and washing with a solvent after directly used for the next reaction of toluenesulfonic acid. The step (2) comprises purifying the polymer using a column chromatography with the eluant of cyclohexane, carbon bisulfide and/or toluene, and refluxing the separated product using o-dichlorobenzene as solvent for 6-18 hours and 6-48 hours and then separating and purifying. In step (2), the reaction temperature is 80-120 degrees C and the reaction time is 6-48 hours. A mass ratio of oligomer hydrazone and fullerene in step (2) is 0.5-2. Preferred Components: The rigid oligomer-fullerene copolymer is composed of fullerene and rigid oligomer, which are connected through covalent bond linkage and reacted by cycloaddition reaction of nitrogen carbene. The Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 are formed by coupling rigid oligomer with fullerene in the presence of metal catalyst. The rigid oligomer has a structure of formula ((Ar1)x-(Ar2)y-(Ar3)z) (II). The fullerene has 60C, 70C or 84C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The isocyanate is isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, trimethylhexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate trimer, and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate tripolymer. The fluorinated diol is 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1,6-hexanediol, 1H,1H,9H,9H-perfluoro-1,9-nonane diol, 1H,1H,10H,10H-perfluoro-1,10-decanediol, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-octanol, and/or 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoro-1-decanol. The diol is 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerol, and/or butylene glycol. The solvent is butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, toluene, and/or xylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester polyol is polycarbonate diol and/or polycaprolactone diol. The polyether polyol is polytetrahydrofuran glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, and/or polyethylene glycol. The molecular weight of polyol is 500-5000, preferably 500-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The core layer is polymer material layer, preferably polyethylene terephthalate layer, and has thickness of 75-275 micro m. Preferred Properties: The inner covering layer has thickness of 24-100 microns. The outer cover layer has thickness of 24-100 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic fluorine resin layer contains perfluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and has thickness of 0.1-30 mu m. The organic-inorganic mixing layer contains organic component including acrylic resin, polyethylene and siloxane polymer, and inorganic component including titania, zinc oxide and cerium oxide. The mass ratio of organic component and inorganic component is 10:1-1:5. Preferred Properties: The flexible film has vapor transmission rate of less than 103 g/m2.24 hours and transmittance of more than 75%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The particle diameter of the titanium dioxide crystal is 20-80 nm. The material is sprayed at a speed of 3-10 particles per minute. The thickness of the titanium dioxide film is 8-12 microns. The mass ratio of titanium dioxide crystal and pore-forming agent is 5:3-2:1. The pore-forming agent is ethyl cellulose and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer is of formula -(CH2-CH(X))n-(CH2-CH(Q'(O-R1)(O-R2)(O-R3))m- (I). The copolymer is block copolymer or random copolymer.X=-SO3H, -COOH or -PO3H;Q'=Si or Ti;R1-R3=straight or branched chain 1-4C alkyl;m and n=an integer number. EXAMPLE - A dichloromethane solution of 2-chloroethane sulfonyl chloride was charged into a three-neck flask, and then was stirred at room temperature while the ethanol was added. Then, pyridine was dropped into the solution while being cooled in an ice bath. After the dropping, the solution was stirred at room temperature for two hours. When the reaction was over, then the reaction solution was filtered. The solution was separated by washing three times with 10% sodium carbonate aqueous solution, one time with distilled water, two times with 1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and two times with distilled water. After an organic phase was extracted and the solvent was decompressed and removed, the solution was refined with distillation to obtain ethyl ethene sulfonate as transparent liquid. Then ethyl ethene sulfonate, vinyl ethoxy silane, O-ethyl-S-(1-methoxycarbonyl ethyl)dithiocarbonate as a chain transfer agent, and 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as an initiator were put into polymerization pipe at a mole ratio of 50:50:2:1, and reacted together at 60 degrees C for 24 hours. After the reaction, the reaction solution was charged into n-hexane and subjected to decantation to thereby produce a viscous material. The molecular weight of the obtained copolymer was 4700 g/mol. As deprotection reaction, the copolymer and lithium bromide (whose amount was 5 equivalent amount related to 1 equivalent amount of sulfonate) were charged in a recovery flask and refluxed in 2-butanone for 6 hours. The re-precipitation was carried out in presence of acetic ether, filtered under vacuum, and dried under the reduced pressure, so that the electrolyte was obtained in the form of white solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organosilicon compound layer consists of a compound obtained by a hydrolytic condensation reaction of organic alkoxysilane. Preferred Property: The thickness of organosilicon compound layer is 1 micro m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Fluid: A coating fluid comprises boron compound (up to 4 wt.%). The coating fluid has a viscosity of 80-140 mPas at 25 degrees C. Preferred Components: The silicon compound is silica (up to 5 wt.%). The alumina precursor (up to 8 wt.%) is a compound capable of forming alumina upon heat treatment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic binder (up to 4 wt.%) is polyvinyl alcohol. EXAMPLE - A boron diffusion coating fluid was prepared by blending the following ingredients (g) boric acid (2), polyvinyl alcohol (2), hydrophilic silica (2, BET surface area 200 m2/g), aluminum chloride hexahydrate (4), ethylene glycol (56) and water (34). The coating fluid thus prepared had a viscosity of 107 mPas at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biogas tank is formed as a biogas fermenter, biogas storage, post-fermentation container, or fermentation residue container.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The membrane material or film material is diffusion-impermeable for the methane molecules present in the in biogas mixture. The diffusion permeability of the membrane material or the film material for carbon dioxide molecules at room temperature is at least two times greater, preferably ten times greater than the diffusion permeability of the membrane material or the film material for methane molecules. The membrane material or film material forms a covering, which is sealingly arranged on top of biogas tank. The membrane material or film material contains butyl rubber. Preferred Method: The biogas mixture with concentrated methane content is further treated by high pressure water wash, cryogenic processes, absorption method and/or adsorption method, to increase the relative methane content. The relative content of methane in the biogas mixture is increased to more than 96%. The increase in the relative methane content in the biogas mixture and/or the depletion of the relative carbon dioxide content in the biogas mixture is controlled or regulated: by varying the residence time of the biogas mixture in biogas tank; by changing the temperature of the biogas mixture in biogas tank; by changing the internal pressure of the biogas mixture in biogas tank; and/or by changing the moisture content of the biogas mixture in the biogas tank. The biogas mixture with concentrated methane content is combusted in an internal combustion engine, preferably in a cogeneration unit for generating electricity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The forming material of the shock-resistant shock absorbing material is polypropylene resin or polyethylene terephthalate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of foaming agent is 10-30 weight%. Preferred Property: The sealing material sheet has foaming amount of 30 ml/g or more, and foaming start temperature of 180-250 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral salt compound (I) is sodium iodide or potassium iodide. The electrolyte solution layer does not contain oxidation reduction pair (I-/I3-) consisting of combination of iodine and iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solute contains benzimidazolium compound of formula (V). The glycol ether compound (III) is dialkyl glycol ether. The 5-membered ring cyclic ester compound (IV) is (gamma)-butyrolactone.R51,R52=H or 1-8C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyether copolymer composition comprises ethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer or ethylene oxide propylene oxide arylglycidyl-ether copolymer. Preferred Composition: The content of the polyether copolymer composition is 0.01-6 wt.%. The polyether copolymer composition has weight average molecular weight of 103-107.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent substrates are made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrates are made of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), PVC, polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Divinyl benzene-type compound of formula (II) and triazole-type compound of formula (III) are reacted in an organic solvent containing catalyst in the molar ratio of 1:1 under oxygen-free environment, and Heck coupling reaction is carried out at 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours to obtain difluoro benzotriazolyl organic semiconductor material (I). Preferred Process: Manufacture of difluoro benzotriazolyl organic semiconductor compound further involves purifying the obtained difluoro benzotriazolyl organic semiconductor compound. Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organopalladium or mixture of organopalladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The organopalladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium and/or palladium acetate. The organic phosphorus ligand is tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphine. The molar ratio of organopalladium with respect to divinyl benzene-type compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Condition: Heck coupling reaction is performed preferably at 90-120 degrees C for 48-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Methoxy benzene compound of formula (A) and thiophene derivative of formula (B) are prepared and added into an organic solvent and catalyst in molar ratio of 1:1, and Heck coupling reaction is performed at 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours, to obtain difluoro benzotriazolyl derivative (I). Preferred Method: The difluoro benzotriazolyl derivative (I) is purified. The catalyst is organopalladium or mixture of organopalladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The organopalladium is chosen from bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) chloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and palladium acetate. The organic phosphorus ligand is tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphine. The molar ratio of organopalladium and methoxy benzene compound is 1:20-1:100. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. Heck coupling reaction is performed at 90-120 degrees C for 48-72 hours. Preferred Definitions:    n=30-40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The raw material is melted under inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere at 1100-1800 degrees C. The production of positive electrode material further involves cooling the molten material, obtaining solidified material, crushing the obtained solidified material, obtaining ground material, adding organic compound and carbon-based electroconductive material, and heating. Preferred Composition: The conductive fire-resistant material is carbon or electroconductive non-oxide ceramics chosen from silicon carbide, zirconium boride and titanium boride. The positive electrode material contains phosphoric acid compound of formula: AM1-aX1aP1-bZ1bO4+c, and silicic acid compound of formula: A2M1-dX2 dSi1-eZ2eO4+fA=Li, Na or K;M=Fe, Mn, Co or Ni;X1,X2=Zr, Ti, Nb, Ta, Mo or W;Z1,Z2=Si, B, Al or V;a,b,d,e=0-0.2;andc,f=number which satisfy electrical neutrality based on valence of M, valence of X1 and X2, and the valence of Z1 and Z2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The trivalent metal element precursor is yttrium precursor, scandium precursor, samarium precursor and/or gadolinium precursor. The concentration of each of nickel precursor or copper precursor, trivalent metal element precursor, and cerium precursor or zirconium precursor is 0.01-1 mol/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper precursor is copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper acetylacetonate hydrate, copper acetate and/or copper sulfide. The nickel precursor is nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetylacetonate hydrate, nickel acetate and/or nickel sulfide. The zirconium precursor is zirconium chloride, zirconium nitrate, zirconium acetylacetonate hydrate, zirconium acetate, zirconium sulfide, zirconium ethoxide, zirconium acetate, and/or zirconium monostearate. The cerium precursor is cerium chloride, cerium nitrate, cerium acetylacetonate hydrate, cerium sulfide, cerium ethoxide, cerium acetate and/or cerium monostearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mixed solution further comprises water-soluble polymer (0.1-10 parts weight) with respect to 100 parts weight of solvent. The water-soluble polymer is polyvinylpyrolidone, polyvinylalcohol and/or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkalizing agent is ammonia, ammonium carbonate and/or ammonium bicarbonate. The metal oxide is a mesoporous material, and comprises titanium dioxide, tungsten trioxide, tin dioxide, zinc oxide, strontium titanate, niobium monoxide or niobium pentoxide. The composite further comprises a conductor or a semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid group: comprises many acid groups that are the same or different; and is a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a phosphonic acid, a phenol and/or an alpha , alpha '-methylene di-carbonyl group. The surfactant is a nonionic surfactant comprising a polyglycerol ether, a polyoxyethylenated (8-18C) alcohol, a polyoxyethylenated (5-20C) alkyl phenol, a (8-18C)-alkyl (poly) glycoside, a polyoxyethylenated 10-20C fatty acid, a polyoxyethylenated siloxane, or a block copolymer of polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide, where the polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide portions are terminated by hydrogen, hydroxy or 1-5C alkoxy groups. The dye is substituted (Z)-3-(4-((E)-2-(4-(bis-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-amino)-phenyl)-vinyl)-phenyl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid compound of formula (A).X1, Y1 = -OR1 or -R2;R1, R2 = H, 1-20C alkyl or (CH2)zCOOH; andz = 1-20.Preferred Method: The method further comprises contacting the dye sensitized metal oxide with the charge transport layer. EXAMPLE - Typical aqueous dye dispersion comprised of: (Z)-3-(4-(4-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)styryl)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (15 mg); water (0.88 g); 2% Triton X-100 (RTM: Polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether) solution (750 mu l); and 5M ammonia solution (0.3 ml).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The silane-modification fluororesin is obtained by melt-kneading silane compound having polymerizable functional group and fluororesin, in reaction extruder in presence of radical generating agent, and irradiating an ionizing radiation. Preferred Composition: The polymerizable functional group of silane compound is vinyl group. The adhesion sealing layer contains maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin, silane-modified olefin resin or silane compound. The maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin is resin in which olefin resin is graft-modified by maleic anhydride. The total content of maleic anhydride is 0.005-3 wt.%. The silane compound is epoxy silane compound of formula: R1-Si((-R3)n)-(OR2)3-n (I).R1=3-glycidoxy propyl or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl;R2,R3=1-3C alkyl;andn=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Double 5-exo cyclization reaction using bipentalenyl compound of formula (III) is carried out in molecule, to obtain pi -conjugated organic compound (I).R9-R12 = R1.Preferred Composition: The new pi -conjugated organic compound (I) is preferably of formula (IV).Preferred Process: Double 5-exo cyclization reaction using bipentalenyl compound of formula (V) is carried out in molecule, to obtain pi -conjugated organic compound (IV). The bipentalenyl compound (III) and the phosphorus-sulfur containing compound of formula (VI) are used in double 5-exo cyclization reaction. Light is irradiated in a molecule during the process.R9 = alkylthio, arylthio or optionally substituted aryl. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2 = optionally substituted aryl;and    R3, R4 = H or substituent.    EXAMPLE - 0.135 mmol of bis-5-(4-(4-methylphenyl carbonyl)-2-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)thiazolyl)acetylene (89 mg), 0.149 mmol of Lawson's reagent (60.3 mg) and dehydrated toluene (3 mL) were mixed. Then, the resulted solution was stirred under recirculation for 13 hours, cooled to room temperature and solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. Dehydrated tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) and 0.41 mmol of 1M tetrahydrofuran solution (0.41 mL) of fluorinated tetra-n-butylammonium were added to the obtained solution and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Insoluble solid was filtered and washed with tetrahydrofuran and toluene, to obtain 0.072 mmol of 6,6'-bis (4-methylphenyl)-2,2'-t-(thiazolo(2,3-c)thiophene) as red-orange color solid of (33 mg) with yield of 53%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The device comprises a getter material such as barium, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sodium, strontium, cesium and phosphorus, and humidity getters such as Dynic HG sheet, Desi Paste (RTM: zeolite paste), zeolites or zeolitic clays.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive liquid comprises an ionic liquid such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ((C2H5)(CH3)C3H3N+2-N(CN)-2) and 1-butyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium bromide, an electrolyte solution with inorganic liquid/solvent comprising acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, propionitrile, dimethyl, diethyl, ethyl methyl, benzylmethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and carbonate, and an electrolyte salt comprising tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, hexasubstituted guanidinium salts and a liquid metal such as mercury, gallium, sodium-potassium or galinstan. The transparent layer comprises Leuco dyes, crystal violet lactone, phenolphthalein or thymolphthalein.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Panel: In the flexible photovoltaic panel, the front layer is at least partly made of hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate, where the front layer is composed of a first layer of polyethylene terephthalate (4) and a second layer (5) of ultraviolet-resistant plastic material, or composed of a first layer of polyethylene terephthalate (4) and a second layer (5) of hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate. Also, the front layer is composed of a single layer of hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate, and has a thickness in the range of 250-600 mu m. The back layer is made of hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate, where the back layer has a thickness in the range of 250-600 mu m. The panel further comprises a coating layer (7) applied to the front layer, the coating layer being composed of silica nanoparticles dissolved in a polymer matrix; and a layer of double-sided adhesive tape applied to the back layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The touch electrode layer is made of indium tin oxide, (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO) and antimony tin oxide (ATO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrates are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) or glass. The adhesive layer is made of optical resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate is formed of polyethylene terephthalate, poly carbonate, polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, cyclo olefine copolymer, and pure poly methyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrocast refractory product is alumina-zirconia siliceous electrocast refractory product, high zirconia electrocast refractory product, and/or alumina electrocast refractory product. The positive electrode material, contains phosphoric acid compound of formula: AM1-aX1aP1-bZ1bO4+c (I) or silicic-acid compound of formula: A2M1-dX2dSi1-eZ2eO4+f (II).A=lithium, sodium and/or potassium;M=iron, manganese, cobalt and/or nickel;X1,X2=zirconium, titanium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and/or tungsten;Z1=silicon, boron, aluminum and/or vanadium;a-d=0-0.2;c=number which satisfies electrical neutrality depending on value of a and b, and valency of M, X1 and Z1;Z2=phosphorus, boron, aluminum and/or vanadium;andf=number which satisfies electrical neutrality depending on value of d and e, and valency of M, X2 and Z2.Preferred Condition: The melting process is carried out 900-1700 degrees C. Preferred Process: The manufacture of positive electrode material further involves cooling the molten material at the cooling rate of 1x 103 degrees C/second or more, obtaining solidified material, and pulverizing after adding an organic compound and carbon-type electroconductive substance, obtaining ground material, and heating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The main material resin (A) is polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyamide resin and/or polyetheretherketone resin. The low melting point resin (B) is polyethylene resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polystyrene resin, and/or polypropylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of additive in hydrophilic domain consisting hydrophilic property segment (A1) is 2 times or more with respect to the content of the additive in the hydrophobic domain consisting hydrophobic segment (A2). The content of additive is 0.01-40 %mass, with respect to the total content of polymer electrolyte composition-containing molded material. The additive contains polyphenylene sulfide particles, manganese and/or cerium, which introducing the ionic group into the surface of the molded material, or complex containing manganese ion and/or cerium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The block copolymer is aromatic polyether ketone. The ionic group-containing hydrophilic segments (A1) and ionic group-free hydrophobic segments (A2) are of formula: -Ar1-C(=O)-Ar2-O-Ar3-C(=O)-Ar4-O- (I) and -Ar5-C(=O)-Ar6-O-Ar7-C(=O)-Ar8-O- (II), respectively.Ar1-Ar8=bivalent arylene or substituted arylene.Preferred Properties: The additive comprises particles having particle diameter of 1-20 nm. The micro-phase separation period length of molded material is 2-200 nm, estimated from the autocorrelation function of the image processing phase separation structure obtained by transmission electron microscopy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The coating layer comprises enzyme (1-50, preferably 30 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode further comprises porous carbon layer in lower portion of the coating layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The block copolymer is a block copolymer of formula (I) in which at least a portion is cross-linked. The block copolymer has double bond. The block copolymer is poly(ferrocenyl dimethylsilane-b-isoprene). The block copolymer and enzyme forms a coating layer of 1-50 mu m. At least a portion of block copolymer is cross-linked with organometal. The block copolymer comprises amorphous double continuous structure, nanowire structure and organometallic nanoparticle self-assembled structures. The block cppolymer has molecular weight of 0.1-500 kg/mol.x,y=degree of polymerization;andR1,R2=H, or 1-30C alkyl, acyl or alkoxy.Preferred Method: The method involves cross-linking the block copolymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanowires are made from silver (preferred) or copper, where a ratio of an absorbance at a minimum transmission peak near 360 nm and an absorbance at maximum transmission peak 320 nm, in a specular transmission, is less than 2.5. The reaction inorganic products are sulfides, oxides or halides. The metal nanowires have: a diameter of 60-150 nm; and an average length of 1-100 mu m, where a ratio of a length and diameter is 100 to 1000. The electrode layer has a thickness of 30-300 nm. The laminate further comprises: a carbon layer, which comprises a single and/or multilayered graphene and formed on at least one surface of the three-dimensional network of metal nanowires; and a reaction inhibiting layer to inhibit a reaction of the metal nanowires on its surface. In the carbon layer: a part of carbon atoms in the graphene is substituted by a nitrogen atom; and in the graphene, an atom ratio of nitrogen to carbon is 1/200 to 1/10. The laminate reaction inhibiting layer: has a thickness of 0.1-10 mu m; and is a silicon oxide film. The silicon oxide film is formed by a spattering method or a sol gel method, where mica flakes are mixed in the silicon oxide film. The transparent substrate: is made from organic material; and is a polymethylmethacrylate substrate having a thickness of 0.1-10 mm, or a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.1-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first coating includes platinum, platinum black, carbon supported platinum, palladium, copper, nickel, gold, carbon fiber paper, carbon paper, carbon black, carbon powder, graphite powder and/or expanded graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trifluoro ethoxy substituted phthalocyanine compound is of formula (I). The solar cell has a transparent electrode layer, a buffer layer, a conductive polymer layer, the photoelectric converting layer and a metal-electrode layer, which are sequentially formed on a glass substrate.R1-R16=H or trifluoro ethoxy group (CF3CH2-);andM=metal chosen from copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminum, palladium, tin, an indium, lead, titanium, rubidium, vanadium, gallium, terbium, cerium, lanthanum or zinc, or H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of fullerene compound is more than -4.2 eV and less than -3.85 eV. The solubility of fullerene compound with respect to toluene is 0.4-50 weight%. The LUMO energy level of p type-semiconductor compound is more than -4.2 eV and less than -3.3 eV. The absorption maximum wavelength of p-type-semiconductor compound at wavelength of 400-1000 nm in thin film absorption spectrum is 700-1000 nm. The p-type semiconductor compound is a p-type low molecular semiconductor compound chosen from a thiadiazole, oxadiazole, squarylium, diketopyrrolopyrrole, cyano vinylene, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and their derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The p-type-semiconductor compound is a p-type polymeric semiconductor compound having a heterocyclic ring as a repeating unit, preferably thiadiazole, oxadiazole, squarylium, diketopyrrolopyrrole, iso indigo, arylene diimido, cyano vinylene, and their derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The connection component comprises copper, silver, iron, nickel, gold, palladium, chromium, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, titanium, magnesium, tin and aluminum. The conductive adhesive layer comprises conductive particles chosen from silver, gold, tin, lead, copper, aluminum, nickel and iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive adhesive layer comprises thermosetting resin and/or thermoplastic resin. The thermosetting resin comprises modified acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, bismaleimide resin, alkyd resins, phenol resin and/or melamine resin. The thermoplastic resin comprises polyamide resin, nitrile butadiene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, acryl rubber, styrene butadiene styrene, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene, polyurethane and/or phenoxy resin. The main chain of thermosetting resin or the thermoplastic resin has hydroxy group or carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The equivalent ratio of isocyanate groups in component (a) with respect to hydroxyl groups in components (b) and (c) is preferably 0.9-1. The component (c) is octanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thermoplastic polyurethane melt flow of 60-150, transmittance of 90-99% in visible spectrum, hardness of 70 shore A to 70 shore D, and heat aging temperature of 110 degrees C after 2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc-plating additive is thiourea, polyacrylamide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The silicone polymer is a composite polymer which contains 15-85 mass% polysiloxane structural unit with repeating unit of formula -(Si(R1)(R2)-O)n-, and 85-15 mass% non-siloxane structural unit. Repeating unit of non-siloxane polymer structural unit is acrylic polymer. The outermost layer of the surface is 2nd polymer layer (polymer layer 2) which contains fluorine polymer or silicone polymer. Colored layer with pigment is provided on the surface of support body, opposite the silicone polymer layer (polymer layer 1). Preferred Process: Silicone-containing polymer layer is formed by coating process. 2nd polymer layer is coated using a coating liquid having organic solvent as solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The backsheet comprises a microperforated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The rigid spacers are provided with a secondary material selected from the group consisting of aramid paper, silicone coated fiberglass, acrylic coated fiberglass, vermiculite coated fiberglass, graphite coated fiberglass and polytetrafluoroethylene coated fiberglass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The rigid spacers are provided with a secondary material selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, alumina silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: During preparation of solar cell, the metal nanowires are formed by heating a solvent, adding a capping agent and a catalyst into the solvent, again heating the solvent, and then, adding a metal compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The metal nanowires have diameter of 20-55 nm and length of 30-60 mu m. The front electrode layer has thickness of 100-500 nm. Preferred Composition: The metal nanowire includes material chosen from silver, aluminum, calcium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum, ruthenium, indium and tungsten. The catalyst includes material chosen from silver chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, copper(II) chloride, platinum(II) chloride, dihydrogen tetrachloroplatinate(II), chloroplatinic acid, gold(I) chloride, gold(III) chloride, chloroauric acid and hydrogen aurichloride. The added amount of catalyst is 0.005-0.5 parts weight, based on 100 parts weight of metal compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent includes material chosen from propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and dipropylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The capping agent includes material chosen from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and polyacrylamide. The added amount of capping agent is 0.005-0.5 parts weight, based on 100 parts weight of metal compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inactive portion comprises molded polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive microparticles are aluminum powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acryl monomer is chosen from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxylpropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxylpropyl methacrylate, and glycerol methacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The repeating number of polyethylene oxide of acryl monomer having hydroxyl group or polyethylene oxide on ester-interchange group is 2-100. The (meth)acrylic resin has hydrophilic property functional group in a molecule terminal. The hydrophilic property functional group is chosen from carboxyl group, nitrile group, amino group, amide group, and amidine group. Preferred Process: The (meth)acrylic resin is obtained using (meth)acrylic resin having acidic group, and (meth)acrylic resin having nitrogen-containing group, and is polymerized using azo polymerization initiator chosen from 2,2'-azobis(N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methylpropionamidine)tetra-hydrate and 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid). The electroconductive paste further contains thixotropic nature imparting agent chosen from castor oil, fatty acid amide, cellulosic resin, and crosslinked-acryl particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The carrier is formed of copper or aluminum sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier is made of silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The insulating partition having an opening portion is arranged in the position facing center portion of the conductive substrate. The concentration of the supporting electrolyte in the solution is 1000 mM or less. Preferred Monomer: The electrolytic polymerization monomer contains benzene, pyrrole, aniline, phenol, phthalocyanine, thiophene, furan, azulene, and their derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: In the fuel cell system, condensed water is supplied to hydrogen generator and fuel cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water purifier has ion exchanger (E1) containing mixed anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin, and ion exchanger (E2) which does not have anion exchange resin and has cation exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The platinum-based catalyst contains platinum catalyst supported on carbon black carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrochromic unit comprising transparent conductive layers made of transparent conductive glass of indium tin oxide and electrochromic layer is made of organic electrochromic or inorganic electrochromic materials containing polyaniline or tungsten trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hydrophobic coating is made from PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Inorganic fine particles contain tin oxide as main component. The content of inorganic fine particles in application layer is 50-500 %mass with respect to the total content of the binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the binder in the application layer is 0.02-0.1 g/m2. The equivalence (B) of the carbodiimide crosslinking agent is 200-500. The easily-adhesive layer further contains crosslinked structure portion derived from epoxy-type crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The mass ratio (X) of carbodiimide crosslinking agent and acrylic resin, equivalence (B) of carbodiimide crosslinking agent and acid value (A) of acrylic resin satisfy a relation: (0.8AB)/56100 less than X less than (2.0AB)/56100. The pre-peak temperature of the base material is preferably 205-225degree C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The contact bonding layer is formed of acrylic adhesive. The weatherproofing layer is provided with 2-ethylene-4-ethylene fluoride copolymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The piezoelectric ion transport layer comprises an aligned polar polymer. The aligned polar polymer comprises PVDF. The cathode comprises a lithium- containing compound selected from a list consisting of lithium manganese oxide (LiMn204) and lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A conductive polymer layer is arranged below a photovoltaic layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The plate-shaped particles have aspect-ratio of 10-100, thickness of 0.01-20 mu m, and length of 0.1-100 mu m in surface direction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heater legs comprise nickel-chromium alloy resistive wire i.e. nichrome wire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The lead wires are insulated with PTFE, polymide and phenolics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive ceramic carbide filler is selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbide, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, geranium carbide, tantalum carbide, zirconium carbide, chromium carbide, and molybdenum carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The crystalline polymer is selected from the group consisting of high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl wax, vinyl polymer, polypropylene, polyvinyl chlorine, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid, copolymer of ethylene and acrylic resin, copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol, and corresponding mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ratio of (II) and at least one of the compounds (III)-(VIII) is 1:10-10:1. The sensitizing dyes are held in the photoelectric conversion in a total held-amount of 0.01-100 mmol/m2. The conducive polymer with the structure of formula (I) is a copolymer produced by at least two kinds of polymerizable monomers. The photoelectric conversion layer including the sensitizing dye has a thickness of less than or equal to 10 mu m. The positive hole transport layer is a polymer layer formed by thermal polymerization of the conductive polymer (I), where a processing temperature in the thermal polymerization is 50-82 degrees C. The photoelectric conversion element further comprises a barrier layer disposed between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer. (II) is a substituted diphenylamine compound of formula (IIa), in which at least one of R5, A3 or A4 includes a straight chain, alkyl structure with at least 6C.m = 1-5;b = 1 or 2, preferably 2;a = 3-b; eitherR5, R6 = alkyl (optionally substituted), alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, amino, CN, heterocyclyl, H or halo; orR5R6 = ring; andA3, A4 = heterocyclyl containing S.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic nanoparticle is titania, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium pentoxide, alumina, indium oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, magnesium oxide and/or silica. The substrate material is transparent conductive glass substrate, metal substrate, carbon material substrate, polyethylene, polystyrene or polyester macromolecule substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidant is industrial salt, magnesium nitrate and potassium permanganate. The sulfur-fixing agent is calcium oxide. The anti-coking agent is potassium dichromate. The content of additive with respect to hot water is 200-300 parts weight. Preferred Process: The additive is made of municipal solid waste and biomass fuel in a mass ratio of 1:2000-1:500.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The combustion improver comprises ethyl ether and tween.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The precursor of copper, indium and gallium is hydroxide, oxide, nitrate, sulfate, acetate, chloride, acetylacetonate, and/or alkyl formate. The semiconductor nanoparticles are titania or zinc oxide nanoparticles. The molar ratio of precursor and nanoparticles is 1:0.1-1:10. The molar ratio of copper, indium and gallium is 1:1.5:0-1:0:1.5. Sodium, potassium, nickel, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and/or bismuth are added as dopant to the paste or ink. The sulfide or selenide atmosphere comprises hydrogen sulfide, sulfur vapors, hydrogen selenide, and/or selenium vapors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent of precursor solution is water, alcohol and/or acetone. A dispersing agent chosen from ethylene glycol, thioacetamide, ethylenediamine, and monoethanolamine is added to the ink or paste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is ethyl cellulose, palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, and/or polypropylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive film is made of indium tin oxide aluminum doped zinc oxide, or aluminum doped tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is single crystal silicon substrate, polysilicon substrate, indium tin oxide substrate, sapphire substrate or glass substrate. The p-type polycrystalline zinc oxide layer or n-type polycrystalline zinc oxide layer comprises nanorods structure. The metal oxide quantum dot is indium oxide, copper oxide, lead oxide, bismuth silicon oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, gallium oxide, magnesium oxide, germanium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, bismuth germanate, bismuth silicate, cadmium tin oxide, and lithium copper oxide. The electrode is indium tin oxide electrode. The metallic foil used during manufacture of middle band type organic solar cell is zinc, indium or copper. Preferred Properties: The thickness of p-type polycrystalline zinc oxide layer is 50-300 nm. The diameter of metal oxide quantum dot is 1-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyimide layer comprises 3,3?,4,4- biphenyltetracarboxilic dianhydride-p-phenylene diamine, pyromellitic dianhydride-p-phenylene diamine, poly(p-phenylene oxydiphthalimide), poly(4-4'-oxydiphenylene benzophenonetetracarboximide), N,N-dimethyl acetamide, 4,4'-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)diphenylsulfide dianhydride-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3?,4,4- biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride-benzene, trimellitic anhydride-p-phenylenediamine or 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide layer is formed using metal nitrate, metal acetate, metal oxide or metal sulfate. The deposition process is carried out in presence of nitrogen, argon or helium. The substrate used in the manufacture of the battery is ultra thin glass, stainless steel, copper foil, aluminum foil, titanium foil or polyimide. The metal is zinc or tin. Doping material chosen from indium, fluorine, boron, aluminum and chlorine is added during the chemical vapor deposition process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anti oxidation layer of solar cell module is made of tin, silver or lead. The conductive particle of substrate is made of copper, silver, gold, iron, nickel, lead, zinc, cobalt, titanium or magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: When light with wavelength of 400-1400 nm is radiated to the surface of the resin layer (11), the reflectance with respect to light is 50% or more. The resin layer (11) has absorption factor of 60% or more, with respect to light having wavelength of 400-700 nm. The back surface protective film has thickness of 30-1000 mu m. Preferred Composition: The resin layers (11-13) contain white-colored coloring agent and thermoplastic resin containing structural unit derived from aromatic vinyl compound. The resin layer (11) further contains infrared-permeability coloring agent. The back surface protective film contains graft polymerized resin obtained by polymerizing silicon-containing thermoplastic resin and monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in presence of silicon-containing rubber. Preferred Layer: The outer surface of the resin layer (13) has water vapor barrier layer and/or back surface protective layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flavored solution impregnated material is made in the form of a porous cylindrical fiber material. The LED located on a front face of a cylindrical board is inverted and closed by a plug made of translucent plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is selected from fluorine polymer and silicone polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotubes and silica oxide are connected by covalent bond which is obtained by reacting hydroxyl group of carbon nanotubes and epoxy group of organoalkoxysilane. The electroconductive layer has conductive region and nonconductive region.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous solution of the alkoxide compound further contains tetraalkoxysilane of formula: Si(OR3)4. The mass ratio of structural unit derived from tetraalkoxysilane and structural unit derived from organoalkoxysilane in the sol-gel cured material is 0.01/1-100/1.R3=H or hydrocarbyl. Preferred Definitions:    a=3;and    R2=glycidyl, 2-epoxypropyl, 3-epoxypropyl, 3-glycidoxypropyl, or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The array of cell receptacles is made of anodized aluminum material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The array of cell receptacles is made of porcelain-coated mild steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The array of cell receptacles is made of silicone thermoset material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The target metal ion concentration consists of 42.9-85.8 parts per million (ppm) of bismuth ions, 6.8-18.2 ppm of nickel ions, 6.8-18.2 ppm of tin ions, 13.8-36.7 ppm of antimony ions, 19.3-51.4 ppm of cobalt ions, 10.7-28.5 ppm of copper ions and/or 10.7-28.5 ppm of titanium ions. The particles consist of bismuth, nickel, tin, antimony, cobalt, copper, titanium, bismuth oxide, nickel oxide, 0.006-0.07 wt.% of tin oxide, 0.01-0.13 wt.% of antimony oxide, 0.02-0.009 wt.% of cobalt oxide, 0.009-0.11 wt.% of copper oxide and/or 0.01-0.14 wt.% of titanium oxide. The separator comprises 0.09-1.10 wt.% of bismuth oxide, 0.02-0.24 wt.% of nickel oxide, 0.02-0.20 wt.% of tin oxide, 0.03-0.37 wt.% of antimony oxide, 0.04-0.55 wt.% of cobalt oxide, 0.02-0.30 wt.% of copper oxide, or 0.04-0.40 wt.% of titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cooling-channel carrier consists of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electro-conductive liquid-tight ventilation layer is formed of electrically conductive material, and water-repellent material such as olefin resin and fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layer consists of a material-matrix containing silicon dioxide- or titanium oxide nanoparticles or nano-layers. The material-matrix comprises nanoparticles as pigments, which consists of metal oxides, preferably aluminum oxide, iron oxide, and/or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The battery module has a collecting container for condensate. Preferred Method: At least one battery cell is coated with the water-repellent layer. At least one electronic component is coated with the water-repellent layer, where metal parts, preferably contact points, frame and/or supports are coated with the water-repellent layer. At least one busbar cooling system (6) and/or at least one cooling channel (7, 7a, 7b) are coated with the water-repellent layer. The entire battery module is coated with the water-repellent layer. The entire energy storage device comprising at least two battery modules is coated with the water-repellent layer. The layer is produced by adopting a sol-gel dipping process, a wet spraying process, or a vapor deposition method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material-matrix includes hydrophobic polymers, preferably wax, polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The film material of the insulated substrate is formed of polyimide, polyamidoimide, and polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective sleeve is made of foam rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The area to be metal-to-glass bond moisture barrier bonded is pressed between an anvil with a roughed surface and an ultra sound barrier forming head that also has a roughened surface to form the barrier. Preferred Components: The moisture barrier film comprises at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, parylene, benzocyclobutene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon oxy-nitride, aluminum oxy-nitride, amorphous or polycrystalline silicon carbide, transparent ceramics or carbon doped oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The monolithic elements are constructed from metal such as aluminum, steel, titanium and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The monolithic elements are constructed from polymer material such as polyester, vinylester, epoxy and urethane. The resin matrix material is selected from a group consisting of polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polypropylene resin and methacrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The primary targets of vacuum chamber is made of zinc and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The secondary targets of vacuum chamber is made of silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An inorganic moisture absorption material is formed calcium oxide or zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The primary sealing material is formed of butyl type-resin or polyisobutylene type-resin, and secondary sealing material is formed of silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of titanium dioxide is 30-250 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of hardenable component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hardenable surface coating composition further contains epoxy resin and polycarbonate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The length (B) of the gripping member and the grip distance (A) before narrowing the distance between the gripping members adjacent to each other satisfy a relational formula (0.06 less than or equal to A/(A+B) less than or equal to 0.15). The length (B) of the gripping member is 100-140 mm. The thermal fixing and thermal relaxing and the maximum arrival temperature of the film surface is controlled to be at 160-210 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin contains polyethylene terephthalate, and the thermoplastic resin film is a polyester film containing polyethylene terephthalate. The thickness of the thermoplastic resin film after the transverse stretching is 180-400 mm. The thermoplastic resin film is a polyester film including polyethylene terephthalate, and an intrinsic viscosity of the polyester film is 0.70-0.80.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fiber material comprises of carbon fiber material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shear web comprises of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PSA film comprises polyurethane, polyacrylate, and polysilicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microparticles exhibit an average diameter of not greater than 100 mu m. The nanoparticles exhibit an average diameter of at least 10 nm. The coating material further comprises a pigment comprising aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide or silicon oxide having an average diameter of at least 1 mu m, which is present as filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The hermetic sealing of the intermediate space is ensured by a welding seam, where a portion of the welding seam accessible externally is provided with the layer made of the cured coating material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (p1) contains inorganic particle content rate (Wa1) of 0.1-15 %mass. Ratio (Wa1/Wa2) of inorganic particle content rate (Wa1) of layer (p1) and inorganic particle content rate (Wa2) of layer (p2) is 0.8 or less. The layer (p2) is one of outermost layer of laminated sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent front contact is made of intrinsic and aluminum-doped zinc oxide or indium-tin-oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reflective metal layer comprises silver or aluminum. The protective layer comprises copper. The substrate further comprises aluminum and zinc galvanized metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The abrasion-resistant coating comprises acrylate and acrylic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer film layer comprises polyester or polycarbonate. The polyester comprises polyethylene terephthalate, poly(ethylene-butene) or polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The battery includes electrode containing natural or artificial dye, titanium oxide, coloring agent, platinum, material other than platinum and photocatalyst, salt and fluorescent paint. The cell has 3-layered structure including titanium oxide layer (2) containing dye, salt layer (3) and zinc oxide layer (4). Preferred Process: In the battery, electrolyte solution is obtained by adding starch type-adhesive and vitamin C, and boric acid or boron, graphite, charcoal and/or carbon is added in the cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Terminal blocker is carbodiimide compound, oxazoline compound, epoxy compound, and/or carbonate compound and contains low molecular weight sealing agent with molecular weight of 1000-6000 and high molecular weight sealing agent with molecular weight of 10000-50000. Mass ratio low molecular weight sealing agent/high molecular weight sealing agent is 1/9-9/1. Preferred Parameters: Crystallization parameter (Tcg) is 30-70 degrees C. Endothermic peak is 0.04-1.26 J/g at 80-150 degrees C. Amount of heat dimensional changes is 0.1-2%, and average value which divides difference of maximum value and minimum value of amount of omnidirectional heat dimensional changes is 5-40%. Intrinsic viscosity (IV) is 0.6-0.9 dl/g, and amount of terminal carboxylic acid (AV) is less than or equal to 20 eq/tons. Heat setting temperature is 196-215 degrees C. Preferred Processes: Film is wound up after heat setting in which polyester film temperature is 26-80 degrees C before winding-up. Film is stretched to longitudinal stretch to film transport direction and lateral stretch to direction orthogonal to film transport direction, and film of aqueous solution is formed on greater than or equal to 1 surface of film between longitudinal stretch and lateral stretch to obtain moisture content application amount of 0.1-30 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Catalytic layer is based on platinum (Pt) or gold (Au). Catalytic layer contains carbon-based material e.g. carbon black. Catalytic layer contains nanosized, pure Pt metal naked crystalline clusters or micro-crystallites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Pt-based catalytic precursor paste or solution composition is obtained by mixing organic carrier e.g. terpineol, binder or stabilizer e.g. ethyl-cellulose, and precursor e.g. hexachloroplatinic acid and depositing by spin coating or brush. Preferred Components: Pt-based catalytic precursor paste or solution composition is hexachloroplatinic acid solution in 2-propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene sheet contains nanoplatelet graphene particles having a flake shape. The transparent conductive plate contains fluorine-doped tin dioxide. Preferred Properties: The nanoplatelet graphene particles have an average thickness of 1-15 nm, diameter of 2 nm or less, and relative surface area of 600-750 m2/g. The counter electrode has a charge transfer resistance of 20 Qcm2 or less, and transmittance at wavelength of 550 nm of 80% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye-sensitized solar cell contains electrolyte solution including cobalt complex which is Co(L)2, L is 6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2,2'-bipyridine. An organic medium used during manufacturing counter electrode is 2-propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Property: The thickness of metal plate is 15-600 mm. Preferred Component: The metal plate is a stainless steel plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent inorganic oxide layer contains a titanium oxide or a zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solid electrolyte layer, negative electrode layer and positive electrode layer are provided with solid electrolyte made of lithium containing phosphoric acid compound of Nasicon-type structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic materials are made of polyvinyl acetal resin, cellulose, acrylic resin and urethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The noble metal is platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and/or gold. The transition metal is iron, nickel and/or cobalt. The platinum precursor solution contains platinum in specified amount sufficient to cover the surface of the alloy particles by the atomic layer of platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal complex is ammine complex, ethylenediamine complex and/or acetyl acetate complex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The polymer compound is prepared by polymerizing monomer having functional group in organic solvent using alkali, catalyst and ligand. Preferred Composition: The content of the electron-accepting compound in the functional layer is 10-1000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the polymer compound. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative. The polymer compound is of formula (III). EXAMPLE - 1,3-Dibromo-6,7-dihexyl-4H,9H-naphtho(2,3-c)thiophene-4,9-dione (316 mg), (162.1 mg) and tributyl(8-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-8-octyl-4-(tributylstannyl)-7-oxa-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-11-yl)stannane (162.1 mg), and tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (8.2 mg) were added into dehydrated toluene solution (25 ml) and mixed, to obtain homogeneous solution. The solution was bubbled with argon for 30 minutes, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (4.1 mg) was added, stirred at 120 degrees C or more for 4 hours, phenyl bromide (370 mg) was added and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction liquid was poured into mixed solution of methanol (200 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (20 mL), and filtered, to obtain polymer compound of formula (IV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The negative-tone block comprises at least one crosslinkable moiety, in step (d) the positive-tone polymer blocks are degraded and negative-tone polymer blocks are crosslinked, and in step (e) a patterned organic thin film of the negative-tone polymer blocks is formed. The block copolymer further comprises one, two, or three additional blocks. The fluorinated monomer is a fluoromethacrylate monomer. The block copolymer is poly(styrene- block-2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate), poly(t-butoxystyrene-block-2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate), poly(styrene- block -2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate-co-methylmethacrylate), poly(hydroxystyrene-block-2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substructure comprises substrate (a) and bottom electrode formed on the substrate. The bottom electrode comprises conductive organic compound and/or conductive inorganic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ion-separation film is composed of polymer or porous material. Dye is absorbed to the ion-separation film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The substrate (a) is paper or organic board.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Solar cell comprises transparent substrate and photovoltaic cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyolefin contained in resin layer is polyethylene. Weather resistant layer of solar cell contains thermoplastic resin and carbon. Solar cell comprises thermoplastic resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ventilation and illumination windows located at the top of the roof are acrylic louver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The dye-sensitized solar cell has a conductive substrate (A) formed by laminating a metal oxide semiconductor film (4) which absorbs dye (3), a transparent substrate (1) and a transparent conductive film (2), and a conductive substrate (B) which opposes the substrate (A), arranged through the sealing layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photocurable composition further contains 20 parts mass or less of polar group-containing (meth)acrylate and 50 parts mass or less of saturated thermoplastic elastomer with respect to 100 parts mass of monofunctional (meth)acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hot-melt film is made of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters; 1st direction in the inside surface of the polymer support body is film longitudinal direction. The peak tan delta of the polymer support body measured with the dynamic viscoelasticity measuring apparatus is greater than or equal to 123 degrees C. Intrinsic viscosity IV of the polymer support body is greater than or equal to 0.65 dl/g. Polymer layer which contains composite polymer has a crosslinked structure. A layer of the polymer layer which contains composite polymer is positioned adjacent to the polymer support body. Preferred Components: The polymer support body contains crystalline polymer. Polymer support body is polyester support body. Terminal carboxyl group content of the polyester support body is less than or equal to 20 eq/t. A layer of polymer layer which contains composite polymer is a light-reflective white layer which contains white-colored pigment. Composite polymer is latex dispersed in water as dispersion medium to obtain coating liquid for polymer layer forming. Preferred Process: The process of forming the polymer layer involves applying a coating liquid for polymer layer forming, and drying. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2=alkyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, mercapto group, amino group, or amide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Color pigment contained in the color pigment layer is white pigment containing hollow particles and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Arrangement: The color pigment layer is arranged on side opposite to polymer support surface on which the silicone-containing polymer layer is provided. Preferred Composition: The solar-cell module backsheet further has polymer layer (2) provided between the color pigment layer and the polymer support. The polymer layer (2) contains acryl resin, urethane, polyolefin, polyester and copolymer as a main binder. The polymer layer (2) is undercoat formed by coating. The binder of the color pigment layer is polyolefin. The polymer support contains polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pigment is titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-siloxane-type structural unit is acryl-type structural unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer sheet further has undercoat containing silicone polymer and pigment (10 %mass or less) provided between polymer support material and polymer layer. The polymer support material contains polyester to which solid state polymerization is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Parameters: The lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital energy (LUMO) of the additive is 0-- 1.5 (eV). Preferred Components: The exterior body consists of laminate materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent contains linear carbonate and cyclic carbonate, which are ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate, respectively. The additive is chosen from organic compound of formulae (1-3) or cyclic disulfonate chosen from methylene methane disulfonate, ethylene methane disulfonate, and propylene methane disulfonate. The electrolyte is a gel electrolyte containing crosslinking-type polymer such as acrylic polymer, and polymerization initiator containing peroxide. The negative electrode contains graphite as an active material..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The particles are combined with an organic or inorganic solvent, or water to form the liquid ink, where the liquid metal is gallium or indium. The particles are nanoparticles, where the nanoparticles are added to a solvent to form a suspension or a colloidal suspension. The method further comprises: adding a group VIA material during the heating step; adding a dispersant to the liquid ink; adding at least one surfactant, polymer, dispersant, binder, modifier, detergent or additive to the liquid ink; and removing solvents from the ink by heating the ink and substrate. The heating step comprises: heating the liquid ink in hydrogen or nitrogen atmosphere and then heating in a group VIA atmosphere; or heating the liquid ink to anneal the particles together in a non-group VIA atmosphere and then heating in a group VIA atmosphere. The group VIA element is introduced by heating the ink in a group VIA vapor, preferably sulfur or selenium vapor. The group VIA element is introduced into the liquid ink by adding particles containing the group VIA element. The step of depositing the liquid ink comprises spreading a thin film of the liquid ink over the substrate using solution-based coating techniques comprising web coating, spray coating, spin coating, doctor blade coating and/or printing techniques (including contact printing, gravure printing, Micro gravure (RTM: Coating technique that uses a gravure roll) printing or ink-jet printing, or jet deposition), preferably in a roll-to-roll manner using a web coating system. The heating occurs in a non-vacuum environment. Preferred Components: The substrate comprises: a metal foil up to 2 m wide; at least one material comprising stainless steel, molybdenum or aluminum; or a metalized film. The particles containing the elements from group IB are alloy particles. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), tin (Sn), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr) and titanium (Ti).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of carboxyl group and sulfo group in polymer or copolymer is 1:9-8:2, preferably 2:8-6:4. The polymer or copolymer has mean molecular weight of 1 million to 10 million. The concentration of polymer or copolymer in electrolyte solution is 0.02-1 wt.%, preferably 0.1-0.5 wt.%. The electrolyte solution contains sulfonated acrylic acid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-swelling clay mineral is chosen from talc, kaolin and pyrophyllite. The swelling clay mineral is chosen from montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite and stevensites. The content of the swelling clay mineral is 2-80 wt.% with respect to the total amount of phyllosilicate mineral. Preferred Property: The water vapor barrier film has thickness of 10 mu m or more. The temperature during removal of dispersion medium is 150 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The synthetic resin is heat-resistant synthetic resin. The heat resistant synthetic resin is polyimide resin and/or polyamidoimide resin. The substrate contains glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas barrier layer contains silicon oxide, silicon-nitride oxide and/or silicon nitrogen-oxide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acyl group is propanoyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The light-receiving portion side of the photovoltaic cell after the adhesive agent is cured is a convex surface. The curvature size of the convex surface at 50 degrees C is 0.013-0.33 mm per 1 cm length at both ends of the tab wire. The thickness of substrate of photovoltaic cell is 40-190 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Particles: The oxygen content of electroconductive particles is 10-10000 ppm. The electroconductive particles contain silver or copper. The content of electroconductive particles in the adhesive agent is 0.1-20 vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive agent comprises a thermosetting resin. The adhesive agent is pressurized and heated during connection. The hardening rate of the adhesive agent is 20-90%. The elasticity modulus of the cured adhesive agent is 0.1-6 GPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polar solvent is alcohol. Preferred Properties: The boiling-point of polar solvent in 1 atmospheric pressure is 120- 160degree C. The hole blocking layer has thickness of 5-200 nm, and surface roughness (Ra) of 5 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Arrangement: The hole blocking layer is provided with resin component containing resin material. Preferred Component: The resin component is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The solar cell module further has a resin layer containing an ultraviolet absorber, provided on other surface of the base film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicate is a butyl silicate. The base film includes an inorganic-type pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorosulfonyl group-containing organic compound is a perfluoro compound, preferably fluoropolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The colored layer further contains structure portion including crosslinking agent (0.5-50 %mass) with respect to the binder. The crosslinking agent is oxazoline-type crosslinking agent or triazine-type crosslinking agent. The polymer base material contains a fluorochemical surfactant, polyester resin (17 equivalent/ton or less) having carboxyl group, terminal blocker (0.1-10 %mass with respect to the total mass of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate), or 0-50 %mass of inorganic particles or organic particles having average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m. The pigment is a white pigment. The binder contains polyolefin. Preferred Properties: The reflectance of the pigment with respect to the light of wavelength 550 nm in the surface of colored layer is 80% or more. When a sealing material and the colored layer are adhered directly at 120 degrees C under relative humidity of 100% for 60 hours, the adhesive force between sealing material and colored layer after preservation is 60% or more of the adhesive force of sealing material before a preservation of sealing material and colored layer, and peeling does not produce between polymer base material and said colored layer. The colored layer of polymer base material is surface-treated by corona treatment, glow discharge process or flame treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The conductive metal particles have particle diameter of 0.1-5 mu m. Preferred Composition: The conductive metal particles include silver particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thixotropic agent is hydroxypropyl cellulose. The metal paste comprises (in parts weight) conductive metal particles (100), glass frit (3-7), binder (0.5-3), thixotropic agent (0.5-3) and organic solvent (10-20). The binder is ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The influent water storage container is made of glass covered with reflective material. The receiver pipe is made from quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reflective coating is aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reflective coating is metalized plastic film. The receiver pipe is made from plastic (preferably high density polyethylene). Each of influent and effluent water storage containers are made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting polyalkylene glycol, hexamethylene diisocyanate and (II) to form polyurethane. Preferred Components: The electrolyte further comprises at least one of metal iodide, an imidazolium iodide salt derivative and/or its salt, iodine, guanidine thiocyanate, or a solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyalkylene glycol is: polyethylene glycol that has a molecular weight of 100-1000; or polypropylene glycol that has a molecular weight of 200-1000. Preferred Definitions:    A = ethylene or isopropylene;    m = 2-15; and    n = 3-6.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The support body consists of natural polymer, synthetic macromolecule, or hydrophilic molecule. The support body is chosen from agarose, gelatin, acrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol. The substance which is laminated in order of negative electrode, fuel gel, and positive electrode, and has ion conductivity in three-dimensional structure of the fuel gel is enclosed with fuel. The biocatalyst of the negative electrode side is glucose dehydrogenase. The biocatalyst of the positive electrode side is a bilirubin oxidase. Preferred Parameters: The gel strength of support body is 120-1200 g/cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The twin screw extruder comprises nitrogen gas supply unit (A) which supplies the nitrogen gas of 1.1-10 times of the supply quantity of the polyester raw material resin, and nitrogen gas supply unit (B).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding cyclocarbodiimide compound (0.5-20 %mass) to polyester resin raw material and mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin is cellulose resin and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The extruded material of the solar water heating panel is UV stabilized polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Flame retardant is organophosphorus compound, halogen-type compound, or inorganic flame retardant. Amount of flame retardant is 2-20 mass% with respect to all binders in each polymer layer. The 1st polymer layer contains titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, kaolin, or talc as pigment. The 1st polymer layer or 2nd polymer layer contains silane coupling agent (hydrolyzate). Polymer support body contains flame retardant. Amount of flame retardant in polymer support body is 0.1-15 mass% with respect to binder of polymer support body.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer support body is VTM-0, VTM-1, or VTM-2 in UL-94 inflammability test. Polymer support body is polyethylene terephthalate. Polymer sheet has 3rd polymer layer which is positioned on polymer support body surface and 4th polymer layer which contains white pigment and is positioned on 3rd polymer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The buffer region consists of non-cross-linking resin chosen from the group consisting of olefin resin, styrene resin, vinyl chloride-type resin, ester system resin, urethane type resin, and ionomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode-forming composition comprises: particulate ceramic; particulate source of metal; slurry-forming liquid; dispersant, where dispersant does not function as a binder, and/or binder-forming materials; and optionally additives selected from plasticizer, surfactant, foaming agent, and wetting agents. The particulate ceramic is selected from yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, gallium oxide, strontium oxide, magnesium, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, and/or praseodymium oxide. The particulate source of metal is selected from nickel, copper, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, and/or palladium compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The slurry-forming liquid is selected from water, and/or organic solvent. The dispersant or suspending agent is selected from polymer electrolyte, organic acid, copolymer of butadiene, isobutylene and/or styrene with maleic anhydride, and/or phthalate ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shape memory polymer is selected from polyethylene terephthalate, block copolymer of polyethylene urephthalate, block copolymer of polystyrene and poly(1,4-butadiene) and blends and their alloys. The binder is selected from gellable or swellable polymer, and/or polymeric binder-forming mixture providing polymeric binder in situ.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline agent includes alkali hydroxide, alkali earth metal hydroxide and/or oxide of alkali hydroxide and/or alkali earth metal hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The components of the rotor body is made of expandable polystyrene, polyurethane and bioplastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The adhesive layer is made of material selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), silicone, polyvinylbutyral (PVB), and/or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The filler is made of material selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), silicone, polyvinylbutyral (PVB) and/or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light absorbing layer is made of material chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), fullerene (C60) derivative and poly(thienothiophene-benzodithiophene) (PTB1, PTB2, PTB3, PTB4, PTB5, PTB6, PTB7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer layer protects the conductor from corrosion by the electrolyte. The conductive polymer is: an organic conductive layer; or a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The conductor is a patterned conductive metal. The semiconductor is a metal oxide. The metal oxide is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide and/or tin dioxide. The conductive polymer and conductive inner-layer have been applied from an aqueous medium which is free of organic solvents, co-solvents and diluents. The conductive inner-layer comprises an aqueous mixture of a coating polymer and conductive polymer, where the coating polymer is polyvinyl alcohol. Preferred Method: The method further comprises applying the semiconductor between the conductive inner-layer and the electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises a semiconductor layer between the conductive inner layer and the electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particulate ceramic consists of yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, gallium oxide, strontium oxide, magnesium, scandium oxide, samarium oxide and/or praseodymium oxide. The particulate source of metal consists of nickel, copper, silver, platinum, ruthenium, palladium and/or their compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant or suspending agent is polymer electrolyte, organic acid, copolymer of butadiene, isobutylene and/or styrene with maleic anhydride and/or phthalate ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The tubular mandrel is fabricated from shape memory polymer consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, block copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate, block copolymer of polystyrene and poly(1,4-butadiene) and/or their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic group is a bisphenol residue optionally substituted by halogen atom of formula (I). The bonding group is biphenylene group optionally substituted by halogen atom of formula (II). The hydrophilic group is bisphenol fluorene residue of formula (III), which is substituted by anion exchange group. The hydrogen-containing liquid fuel is hydrazine.R=-CH2- or -C(CH3)2- optionally substituted by halo;X=halo;a-f=0-4, and at least one of e and f is 1 or more;andA=anion exchange group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The nonflammable water vapor barrier film has water-vapor-permeation rate of less than 0.5 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C in relative humidity of 90%, and thickness of 10 mu m or more. The thickness of nonflammable water vapor barrier film is 100 mu m or less when the combustible category is set to VTM-0 based on UL94 specification VTM test. Preferred Composition: The non-swelling clay mineral is silica compound, silica alumina compound, aluminum compound, calcium compound and/or nitride. The non-swelling clay mineral is pyllosilicate mineral chosen from at least one of talc, kaolin and/or pyrophyllite. The swelling clay mineral is montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite and/or stevensite. Preferred Properties: The mandrel diameter (m) of nonflammable water vapor barrier film to which the crack of the film occurs, is 10 mm or less, measured by cylindrical mandrel bending-resistant test based on JIS-K5600-5-1 (1999). The gross calorific value of nonflammable water vapor barrier film for 20 minutes after initiation of heating, is 8 MJ/m2 or less with respect to sample area, measured by exothermal test based on ISO 5660-1 using cone calorimeter. The largest heat release rate of nonflammable water vapor barrier film for 20 minutes after initiation of heating, is 300 kW/m2 or less with respect to sample area, measured by exothermal test based on ISO 5660-1 using cone calorimeter, and the time until it ignites from the initiation of the test is 60 seconds or more. Preferred Condition: The temperature at the time of removing the dispersion medium, is 150 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The synthetic resin is aromatic polyimide resin and/or aromatic polyamidoimide resin. The substrate consists of glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The vapor deposition layer is formed of silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, or aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The expandable granular particles exhibit an average particle size of 0.2-2.5 mm. The maximum of 5wt.% of the particle are less than 0.8 times the average particle size, and maximum of 5wt.% of the particle are greater than 1.2 times the average particle size. The styrene polymer is a styrene and maleic acid anhydride, styrene and phenylmaleimide or styrene, maleic acid anhydride and phenylmaleimide. The styrene copolymer different from (a1) is styrene and acrylonitrile, or styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic acid anhydride. The amount of the incorporated blowing agent component is less than 4 wt.%, based on the polymer component. The method includes use of 3-8C hydrocarbons and/or their mixtures as blowing agent. The method includes use of ketone and/or alcohol, preferably acetone as a co-blowing agent. At least one UV stabilizer is added as an additive. The fluid-filled chamber is operated at a temperature of 20-95 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Xiran SZ 26080 (RTM: Styrene-co-maleic acid anhydride) (100 wt.%) was plasticized in an extruder. A mixture of 80% n-pentane and 20% iso-pentane (4 wt.%) and optionally other blowing agents e.g. acetone were added and homogenized. The maximum melt temperature for entire process was 240-250 degrees C. The mean residence time was 2.5 minutes. Then the pressure was applied to the material to be granulated with pressure overlay underwater granulation through a perforated plate to obtain expandable granules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The conductive layer is a transparent conductive film containing metal or metal oxide. The conductive layer has circuit pattern formed using indium tin oxide and/or aluminum tin oxide as the metal oxide. The adhesive layer is directly contacted to the circuit pattern. The thickness of surface support is 25-2000 mu m. The thickness of circuit pattern is 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester has 12-18C alkyl. The thickness of adhesive layer is 10-1000 mu m. Frame printing is formed at edge of the surface facing the adhesive layer of surface support, to thickness of 10-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Arrangement: At least one of organic layer contains aromatic group. The gas-barrier film further has anchor layer(s), and organic layer on the anchor layer. The organic layer is provided on surface of base film. Preferred Composition: The polymeric composition contains (meth)acrylate. The base film is polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate. The device is sealed using the laminate or gas-barrier film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Arrangement: The polymer sheet has polymer layer (A) containing silicone polymer on one side of the polymer base material, and polymer layer (B) containing fluorine polymer, on other side of the polymer base material. Preferred Composition: The polymer base material contains white inorganic fine particles chosen from titanium dioxide and barium sulfate. The polymer base material is polyethylene terephthalate having degree of plane orientation of 0.160-0.178. The polymer layer (A) contains white inorganic fine particles (1-15 g/m2) chosen from talc, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate and kaolin. The polymer layer (B) contains alkoxysilane compound, and colloidal silica as inorganic fine particles. Preferred Property: The whiteness distribution of the polymer sheet is 5% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The onium salt contains sulfonium salt, anilinium salt and/or trityl salt. The substituent in which polymerization is possible, is oxetane group, epoxy group, vinyl group, acrylate group and/or methacrylate group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer or oligomer having substituent, has repeating unit having hole transportability, and aromatic-amine structure or carbazole structure. Preferred Layer: The polymerization layer is buffer layer. The substrate (5) in organic photoelectric conversion element is flexible substrate or resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The barrier laminate further has inorganic layer (r2) on surface of organic layer. Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer (r1,r2) contains oxide, nitride or oxynitride of metal chosen from silicon and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic layer contains silane coupling agent (I), polymeric compound and polymerization initiator. The polymeric compound is (meth)acrylate-type compound. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R6=(meth)acryloyloxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-woven walls are formed of polypropylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The amine compound (II) is preferably of formula (III).R5,R6=R3;or R5+R6=ring;andA1',A2'=heterocyclyl having sulfur.Preferred Property: The thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer is 10 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is a copolymer formed using heterocyclic compound (I) by thermal polymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cyclic olefin-type copolymer is copolymer of alpha -olefin and cyclic olefin, preferably random copolymer of alpha -olefin and norbornene, and has glass transition temperature of -13 degrees C to 55 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum electrode contains 2.6 %mass or less of glass component. The content of phosphorus is preferably 80-400 ppm. The paste material contains a glass binder (2.6 parts mass or less), and alkyl ether phosphate and/or phosphorus resinate as phosphorus supply agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The paste material contains resin, which is cellulosic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The negative electrode material comprises a lithium metal alloy such that a melting point of the alloy is greater than 150 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, biaxxially oriented polypropylene film, polyethylene naphtahalate, polyimide, polyester, polypropylene, acrylact, arimide, or a metallic material which is less than 10 microns thick.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermal collector is en-capsulated in an electrically insulating polymer which is selected from the group of ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, thermoplastic vulcanizates and thermoplastic silicone elastomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Sputtering by magnetron sputtering method using DC power supply is performed. Preferred Components: Surface material comprises metallic material e.g. nickel (Ni) and/or palladium (Pd), resin material e.g. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin, and/or polyethylene terephthalate resin, and inorganic-type material e.g. indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium oxide (TiO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), and/or graphene. Transparent conductive film is represented by formula Mg(OH1-xCx)2. Film surface is covered with thin layer of surface material.x=0.05-0.95.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer material is chosen from polyamidoimide, polyvinylidene-fluoride resin, polyolefin resin, diene based rubber, styrene-butadiene type rubber and butyl rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The supporting density of catalyst particles is 30-70%. Preferred Composition: The catalyst is produced using an oxidizing solution containing sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphorous acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, chloric acid, hypochlorous acid and chromic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester film has maximum stress in tension test of 180-230 MPa after performing dry thermoprocessing at 150degree C and 0% relative humidity for 48 hours, and yield stress of 95-120 MPa after performing dry thermoprocessing at 180degree C and 0% relative humidity for 100 hours. The polyester film contains polyester having intrinsic viscosity of 0.65-0.9 dL/g and terminal carboxyl group content of 20 equivalent/ton or less. Preferred Composition: The polyester resin contains structure derived from 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate is aromatic (meth)acrylate. The barrier laminate further has inorganic layer (3) and organic layer (b2). The inorganic layers (1) and/or (3) contain oxide, nitride or carbide of silicon or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The luminescent film is selected from green-emitting polymer poly 9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole, a perylene-based dye, and a colloidal quantum dot.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate is glass or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The amorphous-germanium layer has thickness of 5-500 nm. The strength of electric field used for bias-voltage stressing of germanium oxide layer is 2x 107 V/cm. The aluminum seed layer is a patterned layer (612) having pattern of pads with cross length of 1-500 mu m. The radius of crystalline germanium islands is 150 mu m or less. The thickness of aluminum seed layer is 2-400 nm. Preferred Composition: The substrate is chosen from silicon wafer having silica layer, glass, flexible anodized aluminum sheet and flexible polyethylene terephthalate. The thermal annealing process is performed in presence of vacuum, hydrogen, nitrogen or argon. The seed layer is chosen from aluminum, gold and silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The resin sealing sheet has Mooney viscosity of 70-90 MI, activation energy of 75-90 kJ/mol at 150-250 degrees C computed by melt viscoelasticity measurement, and storage elastic modulus (G') of 6000-12000 Pa at 150 degrees C under 1 radian/second. Preferred Process: The resin sealing sheet is crosslinkable by ionizing radiation exposure with ionizing radiation dose of 30-60 kGy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The proportion of the carbodiimide in the film is 1-2 wt.%. The weight average molecular weight of the carbodiimide is 20000-30000 g/mole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and/or polycyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The anion is chosen from bis(fluoroalkyl sulfonyl) imide ion, tris(fluoroalkyl sulfonyl) methide ion, and fluoroalkyl sulfonic acid ion. The salt contains cation of alkali metal, IIA group element, transition metal and amphoteric metal. The salt contains alkali metal salt of bis(fluoroalkyl sulfonyl)imide, alkali metal salt of tris(fluoroalkyl sulfonyl)methide, and alkali metal salt of trifluoro alkyl sulfonic acid. The salt is dispersed in the composition in a state in which poly(alkylene glycol) boron-containing ester of formula: R1-(OA1)l-O-B(-O-(A2O)m-R2)(-O-(A3O)n-R3) (A).R1-R3=organic group chosen from 1-8C linear or branched lower alkyl, acryloyl, methacryloyl or 3-6C alkenyl;OA1-OA3=2-4C oxyalkylene;andl,m,n=2-14.Boron complex formed by anion coupling with empty group of boron atom of ester (A) is dispersed as a ligand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The organic layer and organic layer are alternately laminated. The amount of salt with respect to 100 parts mass of antistatic composition is 0.01-50 parts mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The terminal vinyl group number per 2000 carbon measured by infrared-absorption-spectrum method is 0.7 or more. The sealing material composition further contains silane-modified polyethylene-type resin formed by graft-polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated silane compound as a side chain, silane coupling agent, crosslinking adjuvant which is a polyfunctional monomer having carbon-carbon double bond and/or an epoxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The product of breaking elongation (%) and breaking stress (MPa) of resin layer (13) is 100 or more. The content of olefin resin in resin layer (13) is 5 %mass or more with respect to total solid content of resin layer (13). The resin layer (1) further contains 3-50 %mass of compound having at least one of carbodiimide group and oxazoline group. The polymer base material is surface-treated using corono treatment, atmospheric pressure plasma processing, or flame treatment, and the flame treatment using flame transduced the silane compound. The solar cell backsheet further has resin layer (15) containing pigment further on the resin layer (13) provided on the polymer base material, and resin layer (17) containing silicone resin formed on other surface of base material. The polymer base material is polyester base material where the amount of terminal COOH of terminal carboxyl group is 35 equivalent/ton or less. The resin layer (13) is formed by coating. The resin layer (19) contains 1 %mass or less of inorganic fine particles chosen from silicone resin and fluororesin. At least one type of pigment is white pigment. The thickness of primary resin layer is 1-500 nm. The olefin resin is homopolymer or copolymer of 2-6C olefin. The weight average molecular weight of olefin resin is 10000-300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The titania electric-storage layer has a thickness of 500-2000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material is spherical carbon material. The metal oxide is manganese dioxide, nickel monoxide, and/or nickel trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dye is cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) (N3), ditetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) (N719), and/or ruthenium dye (C106). The electrolyte layers contain a liquid electrolyte comprising dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and/or ethyl methyl carbonate with methyl triethyl tetrafluoroammonium borate and/or tetraethyl tetrafluoroammonium borate in a volume ratio of 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyaniline material is polyaniline. The separator is polypropylene film, paper, or semipermeable membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The halogen is calcium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, iron chloride or lithium bromide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel anode reactive layer sheet is formed of yttria stabilized zirconia, nickel oxide, and yttria. The electrolyte layer sheet is formed with gadolinium doped ceria and zirconia or gadolinium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): Carbonyl group-containing compound of formula (II) is reacted in presence of boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex, to obtain polytrimethylene oxide (I). Preferred Composition: The solid electrolyte further contains an ion carrier, and a reinforcing material. Preferred Definitions:    R2,R3=methylene or dimethylene;and    R1=ethyl.    EXAMPLE - Dichloromethane (2 mL) and boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex were added, stirred for 72 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, obtained solution was reprecipitated using ethanol (100 mL), supernatant liquid was removed, obtained deposit was maintained at room temperature, and collected, to obtain N-(2-(2-cyanoethoxy)-1,1-bis((2-cyanoethoxy)methyl)ethyl)-3-ethyl-3-oxetane amide polymer having glass transition point of (-12.2) degrees C as yellow solid, with yield of 57.1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fluorescent substance particles are complex oxide of formula MAl2O4:Eu or M2SiO4:Eu.M=Sr, Ca, Mg, and/or Ba.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Wavelength conversion layer contains polystyrene, polycarbonate, or resin containing these derivatives, and resin contains fluorescent substance particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The piezo-electric elements can be made of ceramic based on lead zirconate titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The piezo-electric elements can be made of polymer material based on polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive particle: has an average particle diameter of 0.4-30 mu m; and is produced by using a water atomizing method. EXAMPLE - A phosphorus-containing copper alloy was prepared, and this alloy was melted, powdered by using a water atomizing method and then dried and classified. The classified powder was blended and subjected to deoxidation/dehydration treatments, to obtain a phosphorus-containing copper alloy particle containing 1 mass% of phosphorus. Then a phenoxy resin (polymeric epoxy resin) and a liquid epoxy resin (epoxy equivalent weight 185) containing a microcapsule-type latent hardening agent were mixed so that a mass ratio of the phenoxy resin to the liquid epoxy resin was 30/70, and these components were dissolved in ethyl acetate, to obtain 30 mass% solution in ethyl acetate. To this solution, 8 mass% of the above obtained conductive particle was added, mixed and dispersed, to obtain a liquid conductive material. The liquid conductive material was then applied to a separator (silicone-treated polyethylene terephthalate film) by a bar coater, dried at 80 degrees C for 10 minutes, to obtain a laminate forming a conductive material layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: In the method: the additional non-conductive material and additional conductive material are provided to the combining step, in a continuous form; the additional conductive material extends outside the terminal edge of the first metal based foil; the cell structure is provided to the combining step from a roll; no portion of the additional conductive material extends to overlay the first metal based foil and the cell structure; the additional non-conductive material does not extend past a terminal edge of the first metal based foil; no portion of the additional non-conductive material extends to overlay the first metal based foil and the cell structure; and the first metal based foil has a conductive bottom surface, where the additional non-conductive material is in direct contact with the bottom surface, and the total area of the contact is less than the total area of the bottom surface so that a portion of the bottom surface of the first metal based foil remains exposed and the exposed surface is adjacent a terminal edge of the first metal based foil. The method: is fully additive; and further comprises an additional step of applying separate non-conductive material to insulate and protect the edges of the cell structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The additional conductive material comprises: a second metal based foil having a thickness of greater than 2 mu m; and an electrically conductive polymer. The additional non-conductive material comprises a polymeric adhesive or a polymeric film. The second metal based foil and the first metal based foil are self supporting. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The conductive adhesive has Asker-C2 hardness of 45-80 before hardening. Preferred Composition: The conductive adhesive further contains inorganic filler. The acrylic resin contains phosphate ester-group containing acrylate. The radical polymerization initiator is organic peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of gap with maximum length of more than 1 mu m is less than 1 per 400 mu m2 of biaxially oriented polyester film. The biaxially stretched polyester film contains 80 mol% or more of structural unit of ethylene terephthalate unit or 1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene terephthalate unit, and 25 eq/tons or less of terminal carboxyl group concentration. The total content of elemental phosphorus and metallic element in film is 10-300ppm. The polyester film has 0.1-20 mol% of structural unit or 80-100 mol% of 1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene terephthalate unit. Preferred Process: The polyester is synthesized using titanium compound of glycol solubility and/or aluminum compound, and germanium compound as polymerization catalyst. The compound in which nitrogen atoms of carbodiimide group forms cyclic structure by bonding with bonding group is added to the material polyester resin before cooling, whose content is 0.1-5 %mass with respect to mass of material polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The resilient cores are made of a material selected from phenolic, silicone, neoprene, or buna-N.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diffractive optical structure is made of transparent conductive oxide such as doped zinc oxide or indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer balls comprise polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide is obtained using tetracarboxylic acid component, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine as diamine component and 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxy phenyl)hexafluoro propane dianhydride. Heat-conductive filler is dispersed in polyimide. Preferred Property: The infrared-absorption rate of heat-resistant film at wavelength of 2-14 mu m is 0.5 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lanthanide is europium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silyl group is trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, t-butyldimethylsilyl group, triisopropylsilyl group or t-butyldiphenylsilyl group. The substituent of cyclooctatetraene derivative is silyl group of formula (R1)(R2)(R3)Si- (I).R1-R3=primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 6-20C aryl or 7-20C aralkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin material is cycloolefin polymer, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, poly(methyl meth)acrylate, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride or polyethylene vinyl alcohol. Preferred Process: The cover material is coated with clear glass or transparent-ceramic material, by sealing adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The gel fraction of the sealing material sheet is 40% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The soluble additive (D) is mixture of diiodooctane, octanedithiol and/or dibromooctane. The electron-accepting organic semiconductor (B) includes 70C or 60C fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total content of polymer (A) and the electron-accepting organic semiconductor (B) is 0.1-10 parts weight, with respect to 100 parts weight of total amounts of the soluble dissolution intermediate (C) and the soluble additive (D). The weight ratio of polymer (A) and the electron-accepting organic semiconductor (B) is 1-99:99-1. The polymer (A) is of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material composition contains an acid-modified polyethylene resin and a crosslinking adjuvant, which is a polyfunctional monomer that has a carbon-carbon double bond or an epoxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected from acryl, epoxy and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The amount of refuse added to bark material is 10-50%. The addition of bark material and mixing are carried out in garbage collection pit. The bark material is replaced with a lignin adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The hole transport layer is formed during electropolymerization.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent used during the eledropolymerization is a mixed solvent comprising a solvent having a dielectric constant of greater than or equal to 50. An electrolytic solution used during the electropolymerization comprises the compound (I) and a supporting electrolyte. The supporting electrolyte has 2.5-50 times larger molar concentration than that of the compound (I). Preferred Definitions:    R1 to R4=3-14C alkyl, or alkyl comprising oxyethylene.    At least one of R1 to R4 comprises 3-14C alkyl, or alkyl comprising oxyethylene.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic foil comprises copper or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-corrosion agent comprises alkylammonium salt solutions, indazole, 2-mercaptobenzotriazole, benzimidazole, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 1H-benzotriazole, 5-chlorobenzotriazole, 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3, 4-thiadiazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants and/or chromate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protective polymer coating comprises polyacrylates, polyurethanes, block copolymers, polyisobutylene, silicone, polyester and/or epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Components: The pattern further includes an infrared transmissive ink on at least a first portion of the overlay film and an opaque ink on at least a second portion of the overlay film. At least a portion of the overlay film is free of the ink.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The overlay is positioned outside the cover plate. The overlay simulates the appearance of a conventional roofing shingle surface. The overlay comprises a coating layer including a binder and at least one infrared-transmissive pigment. The at least one infrared-transmissive pigment is zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, nanoparticle titanium dioxide, CI pigment black 31, CI pigment black 32, CI pigment red 122 or CI pigment yellow 13.The overlay comprises a film material. The film material includes: a carrier: at least one infrared transmissive pigment; and a layer on the surface of the film, the layer includes pigment selectively absorbing portions of the visible spectrum. The layer is formed by a halftone printing process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate: contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic heteroaromatic hydrocarbons, pi -conjugated organic polymers, and/or condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons with optionally substituted heteroatoms including nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen; and is N-ethylcarbazol, N-n-propylcarbazol, and N-iso-propylcarbazol. The condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbon ring systems contain 12C atoms. The heteroatoms are substituted with 2-5C-alkyl group. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of supplying energy to buildings such as solitary buildings.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition does not contain high-impact polystyrene. Preferred Properties: The bending elastic modulus of the resin composition at 23 degrees C is preferably 1.8-10 GPa. The ratio of Charpy impact strength (kJ/m2) and bending elastic modulus (GPa) of the resin composition at 23 degrees C is preferably 10 or more. The thickness of the molded component is 2 mm. The low-temperature dart impact strength of the resin composition at -40 degrees C is preferably 6 J or more. UL94 of the resin composition is 5V. Preferred Process: The resin composition is molded by multi-color molding, preferably metal insert molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxygen plasma processing is performed for manufacturing gas diffusion layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric medium has antireflection coating that comprises a material with a low refractive index, a nano-structured material (porous nano-structured material), or sol-gel material or angle-dependent deposition material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric medium comprises water, carbon disulfide, polymethylmethacrylate, mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene, cellulose, organic solvent, alkane, silicone, silicone oil, polycarbonates and/or transparent polymers (preferably cellulose butyrate, acrylate or glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first and the second layer enclose the solar cell. The solar module further comprises at least one barrier layer for reducing the passage of water and/or oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyurethane polymer is an aliphatic polyurethane polymer. The polyurethane polymer is obtained from the reaction of a mixture comprising a linear, aliphatic polyester polyol, a first aliphatic urethane methacrylate having a hydroxyl number of less than or equal to 10 mg potassium hydroxide/g, and a second aliphatic urethane methacrylate containing isocyanate groups. The linear aliphatic polycarbonate polyol is a polycarbonate-polyester polyol having a hydroxyl content of less than or equal to 4%, and an equivalent weight of 450-550. The first, aliphatic urethane acrylate includes allophanate structures. The second aliphatic urethane methacrylate containing isocyanate groups includes an ester group comprising diol having an average molecular weight of 176-2000 g/mole in an amount of 1-65 wt.%, based on the amount of other components of the urethane methacrylate, as a component. The refractive index of the polyurethane polymer is 95-105% of the refractive index of the material of the fibers. The fiber composite material of the first and/or the second layer contains fibers in a proportion of 5-70 vol%. The fibers in the fiber composite material are present in the form of a tissue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The transparent polymer support is polyethylene terephthalate support. The polymer layer (4) contains fluorine-type polymer. The amount of pigment in polymer layer (1) is 15-30 volume%. The polymer sheet has a polymer layer (2) between polymer layer (1) and support. The thickness of polymer layer (2) is 0.01-0.5 mu m. The polymer layer (2) is formed by extending the support in uniaxial direction, and applying coating liquid for polymer layer in extending direction and different direction. The support contains terminal blocker.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The portion of metallic compound is a compound containing metallic element (M2) chosen from iron, cobalt, titanium, zirconium and copper. A fluorine-containing compound is further mixed during heat-processing. A solution of metallic compound and nitrogen-containing organic compound are mixed during preparation of catalyst-precursor solution. A compound having diketone structure is further mixed during preparation of catalyst-precursor solution. The metallic compound is metal phosphate, metal sulfate, metal nitrate, metal organic acid salt, metal acid halide, metal alkoxide, metal halide, metal perhalogen acid salt, metal hypohalous acid salt, and/or metal complex. The electrode catalyst contains 0.1-40 %mass of metallic elements (M1). Preferred Property: The electrode catalyst has specific surface area of 230 m2/g or more. Preferred Process: The solid content residue is heat-processed in the atmosphere containing 0.01-10 volume% of hydrogen gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing organic compound has amino group, nitrile group, imide group, imine group, nitro group, amide group, azido group, aziridine group, azo group, isocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, oxime group, diazo group and/or nitroso group, and pyrrole ring, porphyrin ring, imidazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, and/or pyrazine ring, in a molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first metal oxide layer is selected from one of a zinc oxide layer, a titanium aluminum oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer, an indium oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, a manganese oxide layer, a germanium oxide layer and a germanium indium oxide layer. The second metal oxide layer is selected from one of a zinc oxide layer, a titanium aluminum oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer, an indium oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, a manganese oxide layer, a germanium oxide layer and a germanium indium oxide layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is chosen from oxazoline-type crosslinking agent, carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent and isocyanate-type crosslinking agent. The terminal blocker is carbodiimide-type terminal blocker.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer support is polyester support containing terminal blocker, and contains inorganic fine particles. At least one of the silicone-containing type polymer layer and the fluorine-containing polymer layer contain ultraviolet absorber, and 3-30 %mass of crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The coloring agent is contained in polymer substrate. The coloring agent is pigment white or pigment black. Preferred Process: The colored layer is formed by coating process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal and/or metallic compound is foil plate-like aluminum, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide. Preferred Process: The metal-containing layer is formed by gaseous-phase film-forming process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is a carbodiimide compound or an oxazoline compound. The content of structural portion derived from crosslinking agent with respect to the composite polymer in the composite polymer layer is 1-30 %mass. The non-siloxane-type structural unit is acryl-type structural unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer substrate contains terminal blocker (0.1-10 %mass). The composite polymer layer further contains structural portion derived from crosslinking agent which crosslinks composite polymer. Preferred Process: The polymer substrate is subjected to corona treatment, flame treatment and/or glow discharge process. A non-expanded resin sheet contains polymer comprising polymer base material which extends the resin sheet to direction (A). An undercoat layer is formed on one surface of the extended resin sheet by coating process. The resin sheet in which the undercoat layer is formed on direction (B) which is orthogonal to direction (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer layers (a) and (b) contain onium compound. The polymer layer (a) is outermost layer. The polymer layer(s) contains water-miscible organic solvent having boiling point of 99 degrees C or less. The polymer base material contains terminal blocker and (in)organic particles. The terminal blocker is carbodiimide-type terminal blocker. The water-miscible organic solvent is chosen from methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, i-propyl alcohol and acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light transmitting material is made of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The first laser beam or the second laser beam is generated by a pulsed laser, where the pulsed laser has a pulse frequency of 0.1-1000 kilohertz during a portion of the first pass or a portion of the second pass. In the methods, a dose of radiant energy of 0.01-50 J/cm2 is delivered during a portion of the first pass or a portion of the second pass. Preferred Components: The second pass comprises many laser beam passes. The first laser beam and the second laser beam are generated by a common or different laser apparatus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The common layer is a conductive layer, where the conductive layer comprises aluminum, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, rhodium, niobium, chromium, tantalum, titanium, steel, nickel, platinum, silver, gold, and/or their alloys. The conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide, titanium nitride, tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, doped zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, boron dope zinc oxide, indium-zinc oxide, a metal-carbon black-filled oxide, a graphite-carbon black-filled oxide, a carbon black-carbon black-filled oxide, a superconductive carbon black-filled oxide, an epoxy, a conductive glass, or a conductive plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The substrate is cylindrical, planar shaped or hollow core. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The absolute value of difference of average refractive index of the aggregate and matrix resin is 0.01 or less. The difference of haze is 1% or less. The matrix resin has resin having alicyclic structure. The resin having alicyclic structure is cycloaliphatic epoxy resin of formula (I).-X-=-O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -CH2-, -CH(CH3)-, -C(CH3)2- or single bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide layer contains a material including titania. The metal nanoparticles include gold, silver, copper, aluminum, silicon and/or germanium. Preferred Properties: The metal oxide nanotube has inside diameter of 100-200 nm. The metal oxide layer has thickness of 50-150 Angstrom . Preferred Process: The selective removing of nano fiber is carried out using deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nano fiber contains material including polyethylene oxide. The polymer fiber contains material which does not react with metal oxide precursor, during formation of metal oxide nanotube. Preferred Process: The polymer fiber is formed by spinning solution containing metal nanoparticles and polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic material comprises a compound of oxides, phosphate, sulfate, titanate, silicate or aluminosilicate of zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic material is a polymer such as polyethylene terephtalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing material further contains organic peroxide chosen from groups of formulae (II)-(IV), silane coupling agent, ultraviolet absorber, heat-resistant stabilizer, hindered-amine-type optical stabilizer and crosslinking adjuvant. The content of silane coupling agent with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 0.1-5 parts weight. The total content of ultraviolet absorber, heat-resistant stabilizer, and hindered-amine-type optical stabilizer with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 0.005-5 parts weight. The content of crosslinking adjuvant with respect to 100 parts weight of ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 0.05-5 parts weight.R4-R6=3-8C linear or branched alkyl.Preferred Property: The sealing material is sheet-shape.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer has structural unit (80-90 mol%) derived from ethylene, and structural unit (10-20 mol%) derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin. The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is ethylene- alpha -olefin-nonconjugated-polyene copolymer having structural unit (80-90 mol%) derived from ethylene, structural unit (9.99-19.99 mol%) derived from alpha -olefin and structural unit (0.01-5 mol%) derived from nonconjugated polyene. Preferred Property: The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer has density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 based on ASTM D1505,
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The undercoat further contains 5-50 %mass of crosslinking agent having carbodiimide group or oxazoline group with respect to the binder. The content of inorganic particles or organic particles is 0-50 %mass with respect to the total mass of the polymer base material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The undercoat containing binder and having thickness of 2 mu m or less, is provided between the polymer base material and pigment layer. At least one layer provided on the polymer base material contains fluorochemical surfactant. The content of the pigment with respect to total content of the binder and pigment in the pigment layer is 40-95 %mass, preferably 50-95 %mass, more preferably 70-95 %mass. The undercoat and top-coat layer contains resin chosen from polyolefin resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyacryl resin, and polyester resin, and inorganic oxide filler. The polymer base material contains polyester resin, whose carboxyl group content is 35 equivalent/ton or less, terminal blocker, and inorganic particles or organic particles having average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m. The content of terminal blocker is 0.1-10 %mass with respect to the total mass of the polyester resin. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the top-coat layer is 0.1-30 mu m, preferably 0.3-20 mu m, more preferably 0.5-10 mu m. The thermal contraction rate before and after processing polymer base material at 150 degrees C and 30 minutes is 0-0.5%. The one side of the pigment layer has reflectance of 70 % or more with respect to light of wavelength 550 nm. Preferred Process: At least single side of the polymer base material is surface-treated using corona treatment, glow discharge process, atmospheric pressure plasma process, or flame treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Process: The method further involves selecting phosphorescent substance containing dye or pigment, fabricating light-curable dispersion master solution containing phosphorescent substance, milling dispersion and mixing the dispersed light-curable dispersion master solution with photo-reactive chemical material, and precisely-filtering the resultant mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hollow capsule particles are obtained by living polymerizing or atom-transfer polymerizing a mixture containing acetylated chitosan, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, agar, and ultrapure water in presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and methyl alcohol as co-solvent, silver-gold composite as catalyst, and initiator chosen from azobis isobutyl nitrile and benzoin peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - One of the protective segments of the protective layer is made of elastic material such as acrylic foam. The other protective segment is made of one of nylon, hydrocarbon polymer, synthetic resinous material, polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode flat winding includes an electrode with a composition including a transition metal cation, which is selected from a group of manganese, iron, nickel, titanium, lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate, and lithium nickelate. The separator is made of a partial material-permeable carrier, which is coated with an inorganic material that is selected from a group of oxide, phosphate, sulfate, titanate, silicate, aluminosilicate and zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The partial material-permeable carrier is made of polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode assembly comprises lithium ions, cathode containing a compound lithium oxide (LiMPO4, where M is chosen from manganese, iron, nickel and titanium). The compound preferably contains a superordinate olivine, lithium manganate spinel-type, lithium cobaltate and/or lithium nickelate. The carrier in the electrode assembly contains inorganic material which is coated on at least one side of the surface of carrier, and organic material including inorganic component, coated on at least another side of the surface of carrier. The inorganic material contains oxide, phosphate, sulfate, titanate, silicate and aluminosilicate of zirconium, aluminum and lithium. The organic material including inorganic component is ion-leading material having particle size of 100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic material contains polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The crosslinking agent has 1-minute half life temperature of 100-180 degrees C and theoretical active oxygen amount of 6% or more of organic peroxide. Preferred Components: The crosslinking adjuvant is chosen from triaryl isocyanurate, triaryl cyanurate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The silane coupling agent has methoxy group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The copolymer has 40-100 short-chained branches and metal residue content of 300 ppm or less. Preferred Composition: The resin composition does not contain antioxidant. The resin composition further contains 0.01-1 parts weight of ultraviolet absorber and/or optical stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of concentrated nitric acid and silver nitrate is 0.7-2.8. The weight ratio of surfactant and silver nitrate is 0.25-0.8. The surfactant contains polyethyleneglycol. The weight ratio of silver nitrate and ascorbic acid is 1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic layer is made of plastic that is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) e.g. biaxially oriented PET, polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI), fluoroplastic such as polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) or PTFE, PVC, polystyrene (PS), polyester, polycarbonate and biopolymer such as polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose acetate (CA) and starch blends.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The backing sheet is made of glass, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, fluoropolymer, epoxy resin, acrylate polymer, glass-fiber reinforced polymer, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer, asbestos, ceramic or their combinations. The front encapsulant layer is formed of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or ionomer. The front sheet is formed of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) polymer, perfluoroalkoxy vinyl polymer (PFA) or fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) or their combinations. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium ion-containing transition metal compound is manganese-containing spinel and/or manganese-containing transition metal oxide with layered structure. The anode contains carbon and tin or silicon. The lithium-and oxygen-containing electrochemically-active transition metal compound comprises particulate material, lithium titanate (Li4+xTi5O12), where x is more than 0 to 3, lithium-iron phosphate, lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide and/or lithium manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder contains polymers chosen from styrene-butadiene rubber and fluorine-containing (co)polymer. Preferred Property: The layer (c) has average thickness of 1-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The brake base plate is made of carbon steel and nickel base alloy material. The wheel protecting ring is made of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrostatic protective film is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene (PE) static protecting film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrostatic protective film, PVC film, and polypropylene (PP) electrostatic protective film. The target substrate is selected from a group consisting of glass, silicon wafer, and wafers made of polyimide (PI), PET, PVC, PE, PP or polystyrene (PS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroxy-containing acrylic monomer is a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate (preferably hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or hydroxypropyl methacrylate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylic polyol has an average hydroxyl functionality per polymer chain of 3-6; Mn of 3000-5000 and 10-20% residues of hydroxy-containing acrylic monomer. EXAMPLE - A composition comprising (wt.%): butyl acrylate (94), hydroxyethyl acrylate (6), methyl 3-mercaptopropionate (4), and ethyl acetate was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Condition: The time for carrying out temperature fall with temperature change rate of 2-7 degrees C/hour, is 20% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polymer electrolyte (a2) is 26-35 weight%. The difference of content of polymer electrolyte (a2) and polymer electrolyte (b2) is 4-16 weight%. The polymer electrolyte (a2) and polymer electrolyte (b2) is perfluorocarbon sulfonic-acid polymer. Preferred Properties: The difference of absolute value of ion-exchange-capacity of polymer electrolyte (a2) and ion-exchange-capacity of polymer electrolyte (b2) is 0.2 meq/g or less. The ion exchange capacity of each of polymer electrolyte (a2) and polymer electrolyte (b2) is 0.9-1.1 meq/g, respectively. The anode catalyst layer has air permeability of 0.05-0.08 L/(minute.cm2.kPa), proton conduction resistance of 0.05-0.25 ohm.cm2. The cathode catalyst layer has air permeability of 0.02-0.05 L/(minute.cm2.kPa) and proton conduction resistance of 0.5-1 ohm.cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl alcohol type polymer has an average polymerization degree of 100-4000 and a saponification degree of 70-99.9 mol%. The aqueous solution is in the form of gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The polyester film has a polyester layer (B) containing 0.7 weight% or less of black pigment, and having intrinsic viscosity of 0.6 dl/g or more. The amount of terminal carboxyl groups in polyester layer (B) is 40 equivalent/t or less. The ratio of thickness of polyester layer (B) and thickness of polyester layer (A) is 14 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent plate is comprised of the tempered glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The zip hot plate comprises the stainless, steel, chrome, aluminum, copper or titanium. The lower plate comprises aluminum or chrome.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electronic current collection electrode is aluminum electrode. The substrate is film substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The photoelectric conversion layer contains the polymer and n-type organic semiconductor material. The polymer and n-type organic semiconductor material are three-dimensionally mixed. The n-type organic semiconductor material is fullerene derivative. The photoelectric conversion layer has thickness of 100 nm or more. The positive hole transport layer contains a conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The window unit is formed of glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The outer layer comprises an acrylic polyol resin cross-linked with an aliphatic isocyanate. It further comprises at least UV filter, where the UV filter comprises at least one of benzotriazole, hydroxyphenyl triazine, and benzophenone. It also comprises one or more light stabilizers, where light stabilizers comprise at least one of piperidine derivatives, Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS), and hindered phenols. The outer layer further comprises titanium dioxide (TiO2). It comprises pigments so as to color the outer layer. The inner layer comprises a polyester sheet. The back-sheet further comprises a primer layer attached to the surface of the inner layer which is opposite to the surface in contact with the outer layer. The primer layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The solvent based solution of an acrylic polyol resin further comprises at least UV filter and/or one or more light stabilizers and/or TiO2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The fluorine-containing compound is free of boron, phosphorus and sulfur atom, and has decomposition temperature of 150-500 degrees C at 0.1 MPa. The fluorine-containing compound is solid or liquid at 150 degrees C and 0.1 MPa. The fluorine-containing compound is an alcohol containing fluorine atom, ether containing fluorine atom, amine containing fluorine atom or carboxylic acid derivative containing fluorine atom. The metallic compound contains another metal element (M2) in higher molar fraction and chosen from iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt and manganese. The metallic compound is a metal phosphate, metal sulfate, metal nitrate, metal organic acid salt, metal halide, metal alkoxide, metal perhalogen acid salt, metal hypohalous acid salt and/or metal complex. The precursor material is heat-processed in atmosphere containing 0.01-10 volume% of hydrogen gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A solvent and a compound having diketone structure are further mixed during preparation of precursor. Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing organic compound has amino, nitrile, imide, imine, nitro, amide, azido, aziridine, azo, isocyanate, isothiocyanate, oxime, diazo, nitroso, hydroxyl, carboxyl, aldehyde, acid halide, sulfo, phosphoric acid, ketone, ether, ester, pyrrole ring, porphyrin ring, imidazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring and pyrazine ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The non-oxidizing atmosphere is gas atmosphere chosen from nitrogen, argon, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide, or mixed gas atmosphere containing gas chosen from nitrogen, argon, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide, and gas chosen from hydrogen, methane, propane, butane, and carbon monoxide. The heat-processing temperature is performed at 800-1100 degrees C and temperature increase rate of 10-40 degrees C/minute. The ratio of total number of atoms of iron and cobalt, number of carbon atoms, number of atoms of nitrogen and number of oxygen atoms is 1:x:y:z (x is 10-65, y is more than 0 and 2 or less and z is more than 0 and 20 or less).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (B) is a compound which does not contain titanium. The ratio of carbon atom number contained in catalyst with respect to total of number of atoms of iron and cobalt contained in oxygen reduction catalyst is 10-65, when total of number of atoms of metallic element is set to 1. At least one of compound (A) and compound (B) is a compound which supplies an oxygen atom by heating in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The compound (B) is chosen from organic acid salt, inorganic acid salt, organic-complex component, an inorganic complex, an alkoxide, and other organometallic compound. The compound (A) is ( alpha )-nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid chosen from glycine, glycylglycine, alanine, alanyl alanine, and norvaline. Preferred Method: The compounds (A,B) and a solvent are mixed to obtain a catalyst precursor solution. Solvent is removed from catalyst-precursor solution, and catalyst precursor is obtained. The pH of the catalyst-precursor solution is adjusted to 4 or less using an organic acid. The organic acid is an acetic acid. The catalyst precursor solution contains 1-20 %mass of ketone, alcohol, or ether, preferably 1,3-diketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (p1) contains 1-30 %mass of titanium oxide particles, and/or the layer (p3) contains 0.5-20 %mass of titanium oxide particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (p2) contains modified polyolefin resin and polyurethane-type resin in the ratio of 0.1-9. The layer (p3) has thickness of 75 mu m or more. The layer (p3) has laminated structure and contains 5-50 %mass of polyolefin-type elastomer or modified polyolefin resin. The polyester-based resin of layer (p1) is polyethylene terephthalate, having intrinsic viscosity 0.65-0.80 and containing less than 25 equivalent/ton of terminal carboxylic acid groups.
Preferred Definitions:    R4=groups of formulae (i)-(iv), preferably of formula (iii);    R5=H, fluoro, methyl or trifluoro methyl;and    Q=-O-, -S-, -CO-, -CONH-, -C6H4-, -COO-, -SO2-, -C(CF3)2-, -C(CH3)2-, -CH2-, -O-C6H4-C(CH3)2-C6H4-O-, -O-C6H4-SO2-C6H4-O-, -C(CH3)2-C6H4-C(CH3)2-, -O-C6H4-C6H4-O- or -O-C6H4-O, preferably -CONH-, -COO-, -O-, -CH2-, -CO- or C6H4-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A modifying layer comprises a polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) polymer. A grown graphene film layer is transferred onto a targeted material using a dry transfer based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high-ionic mobility blending agent comprises cyclohexane, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and diethyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The UV absorbing fluorescent dyes include 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS), stilbene, chlorophyll (A and/or B), coumarin dyes and rhodamine dyes. The light management material comprises: a UV stabilized, transparent hydrocarbon; an acrylic; poly(methyl methacrylate); poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate); a polycarbonate; a polyurethane; a blend of silicone; a transparent fluoroethylene polymer; polytetrafluoroethylene; ethylene tetrafluoroethylene; fluorinated ethylene propylene; or fluorinated ethylene vinyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is chosen from gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium and their mixtures. The filler is in the form of tube, wire, rod, sheet, ribbon or their combination. The solar cell has primary conductive layer and secondary conductive layer containing indium-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide and/or aluminum doped zinc oxide, and photoelectric conversion layer containing crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride and/or copper indium gallium selenide. Preferred Property: The secondary conductive layer has thickness of 50-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer matrix is chosen from acrylic resin, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin and cellulose. The conductive paste further comprises auxiliary material which is blended in polymer matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte comprises solution of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate with lithium hexafluorophosphate. The dipolar aprotic solvent of the semiconductor layer is N-methylpyrrolidinone. The anhydrous aprotic solvent of the membrane layer is tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner bearing race is formed of stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer bearing races are formed of polyether ether ketone, high-modulus polyethylene or polyoxymethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film containing fluoro resin is a polyvinylidene fluoride film. The material forming an adhesive bond layer is a mixture of resin and diisocyanate compound having hydroxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sheet-like element is a laminate metal alloy. The sheet-like element is in fiberglass; or is in composite fiber-reinforced material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The front sheet comprises a polymer chain which comprises ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The front sheet consists of one polyester film coated with a top film and a low film in polyvinylidene fluoride. The at least a first plastic copolymer layer comprises an upper face and a lower face, where the upper face is associated with the front sheet and the lower face is associated with at least one protection and reinforcement layer (4). The at least one protection and reinforcement layer comprises at least one additional plastic copolymer layer (10) for improving the adhesion of beneath layers. The at least one protection and reinforcement layer comprises at least one polyester film (11) encapsulated between two coating films (12', 12'') in polyvinylidene fluoride for improving the protection for the photovoltaic sheet and for affording an adequate rigidity to the photovoltaic module. The at least one protection and reinforcement layer comprises a first lamina in glass fiber, for increasing the mechanical characteristics and improving the foot traffic resistance of the photovoltaic module. The module comprise a consolidation sheet in glass fiber, which is interposed between the photovoltaic sheet and the second plastic copolymer layer, for counteracting the possible damage; at least one sheet-like element which is connected to the flexible sheet by means of association and is arranged to be bound at the top surface covering. The sheet-like element comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate layer which is interposed between the lower surface of the flexible sheet and the upper surface of the sheet-like element for bonding the flexible sheet and the sheet-like element. The sheet-like element consists of a polyester film coated by polyvinylidene fluoride films (22', 22'').
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The medium container is made of cross-linked polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Condition: The temperature fall is carried out with temperature change rate of more than 7 degrees C/hour and 10 degrees C/hour or less, at the time of 20% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The neutral silica sol is at 20-40 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The film-forming auxiliary agent is ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, isopropanol, polyvinyl butyral, or nylon resin. The stirring speed is 500-3000 rad/minute. The self-cleaning synergistic solar coating is applied on solar photovoltaic power plate surface by conventional coating method at a thickness of 0.2-2.0 mu m. ACTIVITY - Antifouling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate layer is made of e.g. glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive leg and contact via are made of a material selected from a group consisting of silver, tin, gold, and their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A substrate layer is made of e.g. polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The foam dielectric layer consists of polyethylene, polyethylene copolymers, polypropylene, natural rubbers, and synthetic rubbers. The fiber dielectric layer consists of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, and cellulosic fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductor comprises tin, copper, aluminum, silver, and gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aromatic dicarboxylic acid, isosorbide, and 5-7C aliphatic glycol is 40 mol% or more, 3 mol% or more and 30 mol% or more, respectively. The glycol component does not include ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The solid electrolyte material has ratio of diffraction intensity of peak (2( theta )) of 29.58 plus minus 0.5 degrees and diffraction intensity of peak (2( theta )) of 27.33 plus minus 0.5 degrees of less than 0.25 or less. Preferred Composition: The sulfide-type solid electrolyte material contains lithium-germanium-phosphorus sulfide of formula: Li(4-x)Ge(1-x)PxS4, and comprises tetrahedral material (T1) comprising metal (m1) and sulfur element, octahedron material containing metal (m2a) and tetrahedral material (T2) comprising metal (m2b) and sulfur element, and the metal (m2a) and metal (m2b) are phosphorus, antimony, silicon, germanium, tin, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium and/or niobium, preferably tetrahedral material (T1) contains germanium sulfide, octahedron material comprises lithium sulfide and tetrahedral material (T2) contains phosphorus sulfide.x=more than 0 and less than 1, preferably 0.5-0.8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal (m1) is lithium. The metal (m2) is germanium and phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate member comprises glass, soda-lime glass, acrylic glass, sugar glass, Corning (RTM: glass) or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The step of depositing precursor layer comprises sputtering copper, indium or gallium species at temperature below 200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermetallic anode comprises copper antimonide that is doped with a metallic element. The metallic element comprises metals such as copper and nickel. The carbon-based additive comprises graphite. The cathode material further comprises lithium cobalt dioxide, lithium-manganese dioxide, lithium manganese nickel cobalt oxozone (LiMn(1.42)Ni(0.42)Co(0.6)O(4)), lithium nickel manganese oxide (Li(1.5)Ni(0.25)Mn(0.75)O(2.5)), lithium nickel manganese oxozone (LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4)), lithium iron phosphate, and lithium manganese phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linker comprises 1,4-naphthoquinone. The cathode material further comprises 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid-state electrolyte comprises polyphosphazene such as cross-linked poly(hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene). The binder comprises polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic compound contains silver compound. The catalyst containing silver chloride or potassium bromide is added to the solvent. The metal contained in the nano-wire contains silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The capping agent used in the manufacture of nano-wire contains capping agent (C) containing polymer (c) having molecular weight (c1), and another capping agent (D) containing another polymer (d) having molecular weight which is more than the molecular weight (c1). The solvent (A) contains glycol, preferably ethylene glycol. The solvent (B) contains glycol, preferably propylene glycol. Preferred Properties: The volumetric ratio of the solvents (A and B) is 1:2-1:4 or 4:1-7:1. The nano-wire has diameter of 54-56 nm, length of 30-60 mu m and aspect ratio of 330-2000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymers (c and d) contain polyvinylpyrrolidone. The polymer (c) has molecular weight (c1) of 40000-80000. The polymer (d) has molecular weight (d1) of 240000-450000. The molecular weight ratio of the polymers (c and d) is 2:1-8:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The secondary battery has positive electrode containing lithium-containing transition metal oxide of formula: LixNiyMzM'1-(y+z)O2+d, where M is cobalt or manganese, M' is aluminum, chromium, iron magnesium or zinc, x is 0.98-1.2, y is 0.25-1, z is 0-0.75, y+z is 0.9-1, and d is -0.01-0.01.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated aromatic compound having alkynyl group is 6-14C aromatic compound having 1-3 fluorine atoms and 2-6C alkynyl group, preferably 1-ethynyl-2-fluorobenzene, 1-ethynyl-3-fluorobenzene, or 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene. The content of the fluorinated aromatic compound having alkynyl group is 0.1-5 %mass with respect to the nonaqueous solvent. The nonaqueous solvent further comprises 15-50 %mass of linear carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble polymer which covers the surface of graphite particles of negative mix layer of the secondary battery is chosen from cellulose derivative and polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The surface area rate is preferably 1.04 or more. Stainless steel further comprises (in %mass) carbon (0.03 or less), silicon (1 or less), manganese (1 or less), sulfur (0.01 or less), phosphorus (0.05 or less), aluminum (0.2 or less), nitrogen (0.03 or less), chromium (16-40), nickel (20 or less), copper (0.6 or less), molybdenum (2.5 or less), and iron and unavoidable impurities (remainder), and niobium, titanium and/or zirconium (1 or less, in total).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (1) contains 20-50 wt.% of phosphorus-based flame retardant. The total concentration of phosphorus obtained from phosphorus-based flame retardant (A) is 3-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The acrylic resin has hydroxyl value of 5-20 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus-based flame retarder (A) is 20-50 wt.%. The total phosphorus concentration derived from the phosphorus-based flame retarder (A) is 3-10 wt.%. The weather resistant resin (B) is fluorine resin and low-oligomer polyester-based resin, and has intrinsic viscosity of more than 0.6 dl/g, and cyclic trimer content of 1 wt.% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The coating film is made of phenol resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and urethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Unit: The polymer structural unit contains portion coupled with other polymer structural unit through polyester structure (R). The polymer structural unit has hydroxyl group or carboxyl group at other terminal of polyester structure (R). The number average molecular weight of portion excluding polyester structure (R) in structural unit (A) is 3000-4000. At least one of structural unit (A) and structural unit (B) is of formula (I). At least one of structural unit (A) and structural unit (B) is derived from poly(1,3,5-triisopropyl phenylene-2,4-carbodiimide), poly(1,5-diisopropyl phenylene-2,4-carbodiimide), or random copolymer of 1,3,5-triisopropyl phenylene 2,4-carbodiimide, and 1,5-diisopropyl phenylene-2,4-carbodiimide. The polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.R1-R4=H or 1-7C alkyl;andn=number of repeating units.Preferred Method: The film is extended and biaxially drawn. The machine direction orientation degree and transverse direction orientation degree of film are 0.14 or more. The film is heat-processed and subjected to thermal relaxation process in longitudinal direction (MD) and width direction (TD). The number average molecular weight of polycarbodiimide (A) is 3000-4000. The carboxylic acid value of polyester is 20 equivalent/ton or less, preferably 15 equivalent/ton or less. The film has a layer containing functional group chosen from carboxylic acid group, hydroxyl group, sulfonic acid group, amino group or its salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The sealing material resin has hardness of 50-70. The storage elastic modulus of sealing material resin is more than 5x 104 Pa at 100 degrees C. The sealing material resin contains additive chosen from silane coupling agent (0.001-3 %mass), light resisting agent (0.001-3 %mass), organic peroxide (0.001-3 %mass, preferably 0.001-0.5 %mass), and crosslinking adjuvant (0.001-0.5 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The device comprises absorbing region that comprises photoelectrically active material comprising copper and indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer is weatherable tape, mechanical junction, curable resin, or opaque. The substrate comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polyamideimide, or polyimide. The weatherable sheet comprises fluoropolymer (preferably ethylene tetrafluoro-ethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer, or polyvinylidene fluoride). The pressure sensitive adhesive is acrylate, silicone, polyisobutylene, and/or urea. The electronic device comprises an encapsulant layer, edge seal material (preferably butyl rubber), or backsheet. The assembly comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive layer between the weatherable sheet and the barrier stack, where the pressure sensitive adhesive comprises at least one of UV stabilizer, hindered amine light stabilizer, an antioxidant or thermal stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electronic device comprises encapsulant layer adjacent to the substrate, edge seal, backsheet and roof. The electronic device is a photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell is a copper-indium-gallium selenide cell. The substrate is heat stabilized.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The barrier stack comprises a polymer layer and at least two oxide layers as inorganic barrier layers. The substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polyamideimide and polyimide. The weatherable sheet comprises a fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer is chosen from ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride. The assembly further has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer containing acrylate, silicone, polyisobutylene and/or urea, provided between the weatherable sheet and the barrier stack. The barrier-stack oxide layer shares a siloxane bond with the barrier-stack polymer layer. The pressure-sensitive adhesive contains ultraviolet stabilizer, hindered amine light stabilizer, antioxidant or thermal stabilizer. Preferred Properties: The water vapor transmission rate of barrier stack at 50 degrees C and 100%RH is less than 0.005 cc/m2/day. The oxygen transmission rate of barrier stack at 23 degrees C and 90%RH is less than 0.005 cc/m2/day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive base material is aluminum or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nitrocellulose type-resin is melamine-type resin, acrylic resin, polyacetal-type resin, epoxy resin and/or nitrocellulose, preferably acrylic resin, polyacetal-type resin, melamine-type resin and nitrocellulose. The content of melamine-type resin and nitrocellulose with respect to 100 %mass of total content of acrylic resin, polyacetal-type resin, melamine-type resin and nitrocellulose is 5-55 %mass and 40-90 %mass, respectively. Preferred Component: The electrode structure is provided with an active material layer/electrode material layer (9) on the resin layer of the collector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal element is chosen from titanium, iron, zirconium, copper and niobium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The coupling region comprises an optical coupling material comprising an optical grade epoxy, ethylene vinyl acetate, silicones, or polyurethanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyamide-type resin layer is arranged on the lamination side surface of back surface protection sheet. The crosslinking adjuvant is triaryl isocyanurate (TAIC). The sealing material composition contains silane coupling agent of epoxy type and/or mercapto type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer having isocyanate blocked by dimethyl pyrazole further contains white pigment and binder. The white pigment is chosen from titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, kaolin, and talc, preferably titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide pigment in the layer having isocyanate blocked by dimethyl pyrazole is dispersed in solvent using dispersion material. The thickness of the layer having isocyanate blocked by dimethyl pyrazole is 1-20 microns. The layer is formed by coating aqueous dispersion liquid as coating liquid having isocyanate blocked by dimethyl pyrazole, and drying at 180 Degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer base material contains polyester-based resin, preferably polyethylene terephthalate. The content of carboxyl group of polyester-based resin is 30 equivalent/ton or less, preferably 15 equivalent/ton or less. The content of layer having isocyanate blocked by dimethyl pyrazole is 0.1-20 %mass. The dispersion material is polyvinyl alcohol. The binder is chosen from silicone, fluorine-type polymer, acrylic resin, polyester, polyolefin, and polyvinyl alcohol, preferably silicone or fluorine-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The intermediate frame and support pipe are formed by fiber glass reinforced plastic and fiber reinforced plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrically conductive mesh is complex of silver and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer containing aromatic ring is represented by formula (1). Compound of formula (1) is trifunctional or tetrafunctional acrylate monomer. Conductive polymer layer is doped polyethylene dioxythiophene.R1, R2=H, alkyl group, or aryl group; andR3, R4=alkyl group substituted by (meth)acryloyloxy group.Preferred Processes: Transparent polymer deposited on electrically conductive mesh is removed by oxygen plasma etching. Preferred Definitions:    R3, R4=OH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The electrochemical battery cell (C1) further comprises an insulation layer formed and positioned around at least some portion of the cathode current collector. The electrochemical battery cell (C2) further comprises an insulation layer formed and positioned around at least some portion of the separator layer. The electrochemical battery cell (C3) further comprises an insulation layer formed and positioned around at least some portion of the anode current collector. The anode current collector comprises a non-conductive material at least partially covered with a conductive material. The anode current collector comprises a metallic material or a carbon based material. The anode layer comprises zinc particles dispersed in a polymeric matrix. The separator layer comprises an electrolyte permeable, non-electrically conductive polymeric material. The cathode layer comprises at least one of silver oxide and manganese dioxide in combination with graphite in an ion permeable polymeric binder. The cathode current collector comprises at least one of graphite, silver and nickel filled polymers. The polymers include conductive silicones or fluoropolymers. The anode layer is formed from a precursor reducing material that is convertible to a reducing material. The cathode layer is formed from a precursor oxidizing material that is convertible to an oxidizing material and the separator layer is configured to prevent electrical contact between the anode layer and the cathode layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulant is selected from a group consisting of fluoroelastomer, silicone, fluorosilicone (FVS), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), tetrafluoroethylene/propylene, chlorinated polyethylene, chloro-sulfonated polyethylene, polysulfide rubber (PTR), polysulfone (PSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and poly ether sulfone (PES).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substance capable of suppressing generation of hydrofluoric acid is of formula (IV) and/or of formula: R11-O-C(=O)-O-R12. The substance capable of suppressing generation of hydrofluoric acid is preferably tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite and/or dimethylacetamide. The substance capable of suppressing precipitation of transition metal is polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, benzotriazole, tolyl triazole and/or propane sultone.R9,R10=R4;andR11,R12=vinyl, acryl, methacryl, allyl or methallyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coloring agent contains titanium oxide and/or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition (B1) further contains coloring agent (1-40 %mass), with respect to 100 %mass of sum total content of components (a)-(d), and polyvinylidene fluoride, vinyl-fluoride resin or polyester resin. The methacrylate resin is polymethyl methacrylate resin. The resin laminate film comprises three layers including layer (A2), layer (A1) and layer (A2), or layer (A1), layer (A2) and layer (A1), in order, and a barrier layer chosen from barrier resin film layer, base material layer, vapor deposition layer containing metal or inorganic oxide, metal foil, resin film layer with vapor deposition layer containing metal or inorganic oxide, and resin film layer containing coloring agent. Preferred Property: The elongation of resin laminate film is 20% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer contains an acrylic resin or a nitrocellulose type resin, and an electroconductive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal ion is chosen from gold, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, silver, copper, nickel, iron, chromium, zinc, cadmium, tellurium, tin and/or lead. While using gold as metal ion, the concentration of the solution is 5-20 times of the concentration of the pyrrole. While using copper as metal ion, the concentration of the solution is 10 times or less of concentration of the pyrrole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer is a monomer which gives linear-type organic polymer having conjugation structure, heterocyclic compound or heteroatom compound having aromatic group. The monomer is chosen from pyrrole, 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene and aniline. The solvent of the solution is chosen from acetonitrile, ethanol and water. While using pyrrole as monomer, the concentration of the solution is 0.05 mol/liter or more, preferably 0.1 mol/liter or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: During the precipitation of conductive polymer-metal complex, the energy is obtained using heat or sound with light. Preferred Properties: The wire element has diameter of 0.1-1 mu m and aspect-ratio of 2-10. The metal nanoparticles have diameter of 10-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The divalent heterocyclic group comprising fused-ring-( pi )-conjugated structure, contains thiophene ring(s). The conjugated polymer consists of monomeric unit containing one or more bivalent heterocyclic groups chosen from cyclopenta dithiophene diyl group, dithieno pyrrole diyl group, dithienosilol diyl group, dithieno germole diyl group, benzodithiophene diyl group, naphtho dithiophene diyl group, thieno thiophene diyl group and thieno pyrrole dione group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conjugate polymer composition contains two types of conjugated polymer chosen from conjugated polymer having fluorine-unsubstituted 12C alkyl groups or alkoxy groups which are coupled with bivalent heterocyclic group in the principal chain, and conjugated polymer having fluorine-substituted 12C alkyl groups or alkoxy groups which are coupled with bivalent heterocyclic group in the principal chain. At least 1 of conjugated polymer is a random copolymer containing at least 2 types of monomeric unit having bivalent heterocyclic group which consists of fused-ring-( pi )-conjugated structure. The mass ratio of conjugated polymer having maximum solubility parameter with respect to conjugated polymer having minimum solubility parameter is 95:5-5:95.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The edge seal material comprises butyl rubber, and a dessicated polymer. The substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyacrylate, polyetherimide, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polyamideimide or polyimide. The weatherable sheet comprises a fluoropolymer including an ethylene tetrafluoro-ethylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer or a polyvinylidene fluoride. The pressure sensitive adhesive is acrylate, silicone, polyisobutylene and/or urea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The superstrate is made of glass and polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silica particles are colloidal silica. Preferred Properties: The particles diameter of silica particles is 1-50 nm. The average particle diameter of carbon material containing carbon and silicon oxide is 1-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: During manufacture of carbon material, spraying process is carried out by ultrasonic spraying using two-fluid nozzle. Preferred Conditions: The temperature of the heat-treatments (A) and (B) is 150-800 degrees C and 900-1200 degrees C, respectively. Preferred Composition: The phenol resin is a water-soluble phenol resin. The resin composition further contains air-gap-formation agent including styrene-butadiene rubber particles having average particle diameter of 1-500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The surface and back layers comprise glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: A surface layer (200) and back layer (204) comprising PTFE, polyvinyl fluoride, or acrylic are also included. The back layer forms a stacked structure comprising ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinylbutyral, PTFE, and/or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible polymer portion comprises materials selected from a group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, silicone and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. The rigid polymer portion comprises materials selected from a group consisting of polypropylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamide, polycarbonate and PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment is titanium dioxide. The content of white pigment is 0.1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing unit is made of butyl rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The melt flow rate of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer measured at 190 degrees C and a load of 21.18N according to JIS K7210 is 35 g/10min or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The bulk conductor is made of metal foil such as aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulator layer is made of plastic foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide precursor further contains structural unit of formula (II).Z=bivalent group;R10,R11=H or 1-6C alkyl or 3-9C alkylsilyl;andY'=tetravalent group chosen from 9 groups e.g. 3,3',4,4'-biphenylene, 2,3,3',4'-biphenylene, 2,2',3,3'-biphenylene, 1,2,4,5-phenylene or 3,3",4,4"-terphenylene.Preferred Properties: The logarithmic viscosity of the N,N-dimethylacetamide solution containing 0.5 g/dL of polyimide precursor at 30 degrees C is 0.2 dL/g or more. The birefringence of the polyimide is 0.01 or less. The polyimide has birefringence of 0.01 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The 3-fluoro thiopene compound is obtained by decomposing diazonium salt compound of formula (V). The thieno thiophene compound (I) is further processed to obtain stannyl group-containing thieno thiophene compound of formula (VI).A-=anion having monovalent fluoro;andX2,X3=halo, stannyl or boryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic semiconductor material in the photoelectric conversion element is n-type semiconductor compound chosen from fullerene compound, borane derivative, thiazole derivative, benzothiazole derivative, benzothiadiazole derivative, N-alkyl-substituted naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diamide, N-alkyl substituted perylene di-imido derivative, and n-type polymer. The photoelectric conversion element further has buffer layer containing phosphine compound having element of group 16 and double bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): Furan derivative of formula (A) and dithieno cyclocondensed derivative of formula (B) are polymerized in presence of catalyst, to obtain copolymer (I).J1,J2,K1,K2=halo, alkyl stannyl group, boric-acid ester group, dioxyphosphino methyl, trialkyl phosphino methyl, formyl, boric-acid residue, alkenyl or alkynyl.Preferred Compound: The copolymer is of formula (III). EXAMPLE - 1,3-Dibromo-5-octyl-4H-furano(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-(5H)-dione (0.216 mmol), 4,4'-dioctyl-5,5-bis(trimethyl tin)-dithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)cyclopentadiene (0.227 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (7 mg), copper (II) oxide (17 mg), toluene (3.37 ml) and dimethyl formamide (0.84 ml) were mixed at 100 degrees C for 20 hours, the reaction mixture was diluted using toluene, bromobenzene (0.1 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, stirred at 100 degrees C for 9 hours, trimethyl(phenyl)tin (0.1 ml) and methanol (400 ml) were added to the reaction mixture, precipitated, filtered and purified, to obtain copolymer of 1,3-Dibromo-5-octyl-4H-furano(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-(5H)-dione and 4,4'-dioctyl-5,5-bis(trimethyl tin)-dithieno(3,2-b:2',3'-d)cyclopentadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The hydroxyl group of component (A), the carboxyl group of component (B), or its anhydride in mutually dispersed state are reacted when heated at low temperature, component (B) carries out micro phase-separation in component (A) at fine particle form and is hardened to three-dimensional network structure when heated to high temperature. The component (A) and component (B) are prepolymers having weight average molecular weight of 1000-25000. The component (A) is an epoxidized polydiene compound having a hydroxyl group at linear or branched terminal. The component (A) is of formula (I) or (II).R=2-10C monovalent organic group;andm,n=integer.m and n are alternately or randomly arranged.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The donor element is phosphorus and/or antimony. The donor-element-containing material of the glass powder is phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus trioxide, bismuth trioxide, bismuth pentoxide, antimony trioxide, and/or antimony pentoxide. The acceptor element is boron, aluminum and/or gallium. The acceptor-element-containing material of the glass powder is boria, alumina, and/or gallium oxide. The glass component is silica, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithia, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zirconia, molybdic oxide, germanium oxide, arsenic oxide, yttria, cesium oxide, and/or titania. The composition further contains a binder (0.5-50 %mass). The content of glass powder in the composition is 1-80 %mass. The glass powder has a volume average particle diameter of 10 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder contains a cellulose derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The repeating unit (I)-(III) is preferably of formula (Ia)-(IIIa).R21,R51,R61=H, 1-24C alkyl or 2-24C methylene alkoxy, -CH2-O-(CH2CH2-O)r-R12, cycloalkyl or aryl;R12=1-13C alkyl;andr,q=1-4.Preferred Property: The thickness of the semiconductor layer is 0.5-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (112) contains copper-tin alloy phase and tin-phosphorus-oxygen glass phase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The support includes a polyester film. The mass ratio of the carbon black and binder contained in the black layer is 5:95-50:50. The black-layer aqueous dispersion contains polyvinyl alcohol derivative containing structural unit of formula: -(CH2-CH(-SO3Na))m-(CH2-CH(-OH))n (I). The content of polyvinyl alcohol derivative is 0.5-20 %mass, with respect to carbon black in the aqueous dispersion. The base film further has an easily-bonding layer (11) on surface opposite to surface at which black layer is provided. The easily-bonding layer contains polyolefin resin as main component, and microparticles having particle diameter of 0.3-7 mu m.m,n=natural number, where m is less than n;andm+n=more than 100 to less than 1000.Preferred Properties: The acrylic resin has acid value of 10-200. The base film has partial discharge voltage of 0.7 kV or more. In the black layer, particle diameter (L) and film thickness (D) of microparticles satisfy relation: D less than L less than 3D.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The density of aluminum oxide is 3.4 g/cm3 or more, preferably 3.5-3.6 g/cm3. The average of peaks of composition ratio (y/x) of aluminum oxide (AlxOy) is 2.2-2.8. The anchor layer contains silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The water-vapor permeability of the film is 1x 10-3 g/m2/day or less. The thickness of vapor deposition layer is 5-100 nm. The arithmetic mean roughness of an anchor layer is 0.1-2 nm. The base film comprises cyclic polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The oxygenate feed stream is derived from a plant oil, animal oil or fat, algae and/or waste oil. The oxygenate feed stream is obtained by transesterification of 8-36C carboxylic esters with an alcohol in the presence of a base catalyst. The process further comprises feeding a petroleum derived feed stream in the reaction zone with the oxygenate feed stream. The organic polysulfide is added in an amount of at least 100 or 1000 parts per million. Preferred Components: The oxygenate feed stream comprises: fatty acid methyl esters; and at least one component comprising canola oil, corn oil, soy oil, rape seed oil, soybean, oil, colza oil tail oil, sunflower oil, hempseed oil, olive oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, castor oil peanut oil, palm oil, mustard oil, cotton seed oil, inedible tallow, yellow and brown greases, lard, train oil, fats in milk, fish oil, algal oil, sewage sludge, ratanjot oil, wild castor oil, jangli oil, erandi oil, mohuwa oil, karanji honge oil and/or neem oil. The oxygenate feed stream further comprises at least one co-feed component comprising spent motor oils, spent industrial lubricants, used paraffin waxes, liquids derived from the gasification of coal followed by a downstream liquefaction step, liquids derived from the gasification of biomass followed by a downstream liquefaction step, liquids derived from the gasification of natural gas followed by a downstream liquefaction step, liquids derived from depolymerization of waste plastics and/or synthetic oils. The organic polysulfide has a structure of formula (R1-Sx-R1) (I).R = branched 3-15C alkyl, preferably tert-butyl; andx = 1-8 (preferably 3-8). ACTIVITY - Antifouling.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Thickness of polyester layer A is 2-15 mu m. Thickness of polyester layer B is greater than or equal to 10 mu m. Color tone change ( Delta b) after light resistance test is less than or equal to 15. The 90 degrees peeling strength in silicone resin on surface of polyester layer A is greater than or equal to 30 N/15 mm, and peeling strength retention after 1000-hour process in 85 degrees Cx 85% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere is greater than or equal to 50%. Optical density is greater than or equal to 0.5. Preferred Compositions: Polyester layer B contains 7-50 wt.% titanium dioxide. Polyester layer A is on junction box side of solar cell to connect with solar cell filler containing polyester layer C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The closure unit comprises plastic material such as polyethylene, polyether sulfone and/or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inserts are made of steel, aluminum, brass, fiber or particle-strengthened plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The molding material is selected from an epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, polyester resin and polyurethane resin. The forming elements are formed of a plastics material, such as polystyrene or thermoplastic olefinic foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-planar convex transparent covering unit is provided with a self cleaning material that is made from polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The solvent is high-polar organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative electrode consists of scrap aluminum. The surface of positive electrode is irregular. Preferred Condition: The electrolytic temperature is 60 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further involves carrying out filtration process, after concentrating the polymerization reaction solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The reflective substrate has glass board material (11a) or metallic substrate containing metal, as reflective base material, and reflection layer (11b) formed on one surface of the glass board material. At least one of metal and metal oxide are contained in reflective surface. The metallic substrate is substrate containing aluminum, aluminum alloy, and/or stainless steel. Preferred Process: The reflective substrate is obtained by mirror-finishing one side of the metallic substrate containing metal as reflective base material, and metallic substrate which has mirror-finishing surface as reflective surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of component (A) and component (B) is 99/1-80/20. The fluoroolefin-type copolymer (A) is fluoroolefin-type copolymer having the repeating unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene. The coating composition further contains pigment component (E).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Solar cell element contains finger electrode and tab wire in light-receiving surface side. Contact layer polyolefin resin composition contains 100 weight parts of non-modified polyolefin resin (a), 0.01-5 weight parts of radical polymerization initiator (b), and (c) 0.01-20 weight parts of epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer and modified polyolefin-type resin composition which is obtained by melt-kneading 0-2 weight parts of aromatic vinyl monomer (d). Polyolefin resin composition layer contains contact layer and base material layer. Component a is low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear LDPE (LLDPE), soft polypropylene resin, ethylene-butene copolymer, or ethylene-propylene copolymer. Component a is ethylene-propylene copolymer with ethylene content of 1-30 wt.%. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of contact layer is 5-100 mu m. Thickness of base material layer is 50-300 mu m, and MFR of JIS K7210 of component a in base material layer is less than or equal to 20. Heat of fusion of component a consisting of soft polypropylene resin is less than or equal to 10 J/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin composition is obtained by melt-kneading tackifying resin (0.1-50 parts weight, preferably 1-20 parts weight) with respect to polyolefin resin (100 parts weight). The tackifying resin is a terpene phenol resin. The solar cell sealing material is sheet or film-form molded product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Transparent gas barrier layer is formed in the order of non-electrodischarge treatment layer and electrodischarge treatment layer from the resin substrate side. Barrier layer is formed on the electrodischarge treatment layer. A part of transparent gas barrier layer is a surface layer part. The laminated body has back surface sealing material which covers a part of the laminated body. Substrate and/or back surface sealing material is a transparent gas barrier film. Preferred Process: Electrodischarge treatment is by plasma beam irradiation or ion beam irradiation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal and/or semimetal is oxide, nitride, carbide, oxynitride, oxycarbide, nitrocarbide, and/or oxynitrocarbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Pigment is titanium dioxide. Pigment occupies 3-15 g/m2 of polymer layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Crosslinking agent is carbodiimide-type compound and/or oxazoline-type compound. Coating liquid contains solvent which has greater than or equal to 50 mass% water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Polymer layer contains 1-30 mass% structure part derived from crosslinking agent with respect to composite polymer. Non-polysiloxane-type structural unit is acryl-type structural unit. Polymer base material contains polyester-based resin which has 2-35 equivalent/t content of carboxyl group. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2=alkyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, SH, NH2, and/or amide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The layer (P3) contains polyethylene resin (5-30 %mass), polycarbonate resin (5-25 %mass), polyolefin-type elastomer (5-50 %mass) and inorganic particles (1-30 %mass), and has crystalline melting energy of 80 J/g or less. The layer (P2) contains 3-15 %mass of acid-modified styrene-type thermoplastic elastomer. The layer (P1) contains inorganic particles (3-50 %mass) and organic particles (0.1-20 %mass).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment contains titanium dioxide. The content of white pigment is 0.1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene- polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halide is chosen from chloride and bromide. The inorganic acid is chosen from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and boric acid. The solder layer contains 42 %mass or more of tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flux contains chosen from halide, inorganic acid, organic acid and rosin. The organic acid is carboxylic acid, preferably formic acid, acetic acid or oxalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of rosin in the flux is 5 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic semiconductor material contains high molecular compound having thiophene structure. The high molecular compound is preferably of formulae (II)-(V).n=positive real number;R4,R5=R1;andR3=R1 excluding H. Preferred Definitions:    Ar=thiophene, selenophene or groups of formulae (i)-(vi);    X=oxygen, sulfur or selenium atom;and    R2=H, alkyl, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nonionic dispersing agent is high-density polyoxyethylene distyrenated phenyl ether or high-density polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium compound is organic chelate titanium complex containing organic ligand and organic acid. The laminated polyester film further contains 0.1-5 %mass of terminal blocker chosen from epoxy compound and carbodiimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: At least one of recycled material (B) of polyester resin and polyester starting resin (A) are synthesized using titanium compound as a polymerization catalyst. Preferred Property: The melting point of the polyester starting resin (A) is 250-265 degrees C, measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of whole mirror is 80-300 mu m. The surface roughness (Ra) of mirror is 0.01-0.1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antistatic layer contains electroconductive inorganic fine particles. The electroconductive inorganic fine particles are tin oxide or dope-type tin oxide, preferably phosphor-doped-type tin oxide. The ratio of electroconductive inorganic fine particle in antistatic layer is 75-95%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mirror contains inorganic binder as binder of antistatic layer. The hard-coat layer contains resin material, preferably resin material of polyorganosiloxane. The film thickness of antistatic layer is 100 nm to 1 mu m. The hard-coat layer and/or antistatic layer contain ultraviolet absorber. The fall angle of hard-coat layer is 0-30 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The filler is inorganic filler consisting of alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer having alicyclic hydrocarbon group is a polymer having glucopyranose skeleton. The polymer has a hydrophilic functional group. The polymer having alicyclic hydrocarbon group is carboxyalkyl cellulose, alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, and/or starch, preferably carboxymethyl cellulose and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sensitizing dye is of formula (III).R8=H, linear or branched 1-24C alkyl, 6-24C aryl, 7-24C aralkyl, 1-18C alkoxy or halo (preferably linear 6-24C alkyl or 6-24C alkoxy);R9 and R10=H, halo, linear or branched 1-24C alkyl, 2-24C alkenyl or 6-24C aryl. Preferred Definitions:    R1 and R2=2-24C alkyl, 6-24C aryl, 1-32C alkoxy or 2-32C alkenyl;    m=2-4;    Z=-C(R11)=C(CN)(COOH) or -C(R12)=C(CN)(CONHCH2COOH);    R11=H, halo, a linear or branched 1-24C alkyl, 6-24C aryl, 7-24C aralkyl, 1-18C alkoxy or cyano;    R12=H, halo, linear or branched 1-24C alkyl, 6-24C aryl, 7-24C aralkyl, 1-18C alkoxy or cyano.    At least one ring b1 has a linear 6-24C alkyl as a substituent.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 21 Compounds are disclosed as the compound (I) e.g. (E)-3-(4-((4-((E)-2-carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-phenyl)-phenyl-amino)-phenyl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid of formula (I'), (E)-3-(5-(4-((4-(5-((E)-2-carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl)-phenyl-amino)-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid, (E)-3-(5-(4-((4-(5-((E)-2-carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl)-(4-hexyl-phenyl)-amino)-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid, (E)-3-(5-(4-((4-(5-((E)-2-carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl)-(4-octadecyl-phenyl)-amino)-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid and (E)-3-(5-(4-((4-(5-((E)-2-carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl)-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-amino)-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent oxide electrode is indium-tin-oxide conductive film, fluorine doped tin oxide conductive film or aluminum doped zinc oxide conductive film. The substrate is glass, plastic or stainless steel sheet. The organic photovoltaic device has structure comprising indium-tin-oxide glass/N-phenylamino biphenyl/tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum/cesium(II) carbonate/aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The ratio (A1/2t) is ratio of concentration ((M)1/2t) of metal element at a depth of 1/2t from the surface of the organic-inorganic hybrid layer in the thickness direction, and concentration ((Si)1/2t) of silicon at a depth of 1/2t from the surface of the organic-inorganic hybrid layer in the thickness direction. The ratio (A1/10t) is ratio of concentration ((M)1/10t) of metal element at a depth of 1/10t from the surface of the organic-inorganic hybrid layer in the thickness direction, and concentration ((Si)1/10t) of silicon at a depth of 1/10t from the surface of the organic-inorganic hybrid layer in the thickness direction. The foil satisfies relation: 1x A1/2t less than A1/10t less than 2x A1/2t.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electroplating method is performed using copper plating bath containing polyoxyethylene dodecyl amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing polymer layer further contains 0.3-300 mg/m2 of mat agent chosen from titanium oxide, silica, alumina, zirconia, magnesia, talc, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium sulfate and aluminum hydroxide, preferably colloidal silica, and alkoxysilane compound. The average particle diameter of the mat agent is 0.01-5 mu m. The polymer layer (L1) contains 0.1-15 g/m2 of white pigment which is chosen from titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, kaolin and talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of organic-type lubricating agent is 0.2-500 mg/m2. The organic-type lubricating agent is chosen from polyolefin-type compound, synthetic wax-type compound, natural wax-type compound and surfactant-type compound. The polymer sheet further has undercoat layer (2) arranged on the polymer support material opposite side to a side where the silicone-containing polymer layer is arranged and white layer (1) arranged on the undercoat layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The white pigment is titanium dioxide surface-coated with alumina and silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The contact bonding layer further comprises a white pigment (greater than 0 vol.% and 60 vol.% or less). The polyester support is a polyethylene terephthalate film having a ratio of 0.5 or more with respect to breaking strength after wet-heat treatment with respect to the breaking strength before wet-heat treatment. Wet-heat treatment involves preserving the polyester support in an atmosphere of 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity for 2000 hours. The surface of polyester support opposite to the surface provided with contact bonding layer is coated with reverse-face application layer(s) containing silicone resin and/or fluororesin. When the reverse-face application layer is two or more in number, at least one layer is a layer containing silicone resin and fluororesin, or the reverse-application layer is a multilayer formed by laminating layer (I) containing silicone resin and layer (II) containing fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent conductive layer is made from metal oxides or electrically conductive polymer, and the photoelectric conversion layer is amorphous silicon thin film layer or microcrystalline silicon thin film layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic salt comprises an anion consisting of a hydroxide anion, an acetate anion, a propionate anion, an acetylacetonate anion, a 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate anion, a methoxide anion, a sec-butoxide anion, a t-butoxide anion, an n-propoxide anion, an i-propoxide anion, an ethoxide anion, a phosphate anion, an alkylphosphate anion, a nitrate anion, a perchlorate anion, a sulfate anion, an alkylsulfonate anion, a phenoxide anion, a bromide anion, an iodide anion and/or a chloride anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution stabilizer comprises a diketone, an amino alcohol, a polyamine, an ethanol amine, a diethanol amine, a butylamine, an oleic amine, a triethanol amine, propionic acid and/or hydrochloric acid. The solvent comprises a butyl amine, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), tetrahydrofuran (THF), methylene chloride (MC), chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, methylethylketone (MEK), acetone, propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), 1,4-dioxane, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), pyridine, pentanol and/or iso-propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silane coupling agent and organic peroxide is 0.01-5 parts weight and 0.2-5 parts weight, respectively with respect to 100 parts weight of resin components.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mixture ratio of components (A) and (B) is 30-60 wt.% with respect to 40-70 wt.% of resin composition. The difference between resin density of components (A) and (B) is less than 0.015. The component (A) has melt flow rate of 1-20 and bending elastic modulus of 2-50 MPa. The resin composition further contains silane coupling agent and organic peroxide. A tan-delta curve having single peak by glass transition of amorphous portion of tan-delta curve is 0 degrees C or less as measured by solid viscoelasticity. Preferred Process: The 30-70 wt.% of propylene-ethylene random copolymer component (B1) with ethylene content of 1.0-7 wt%, and then 70-30 wt.% of propylene-ethylene random copolymer component (B2) with ethylene content of 5-20 wt.%, polymerized in the presence of metallocene catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The top layer comprises polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic unit comprises a p-i-n barrier layer made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium and hydrogenated nano/microcrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation member is formed from a phenol resin, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, polyether ketone, polyoxymethylene, or combinations, or has a one-piece, integrally formed structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of nonionic dispersing agent is 0.5-1.5 wt.% with respect to electrolytic solution. The nonionic dispersing agent is high-density polyoxyethylene distyrenated phenyl ether or high-density polyvinyl alcohol. The number of pulses of weak pulse current is 5000-6000 times per second, and voltage amplitude is plus minus 2.5-4 V.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The cerium oxide has specific surface area is 10 m2/g or more. Preferred Composition: The coating amount of cerium oxide is 80-300 g/L per unit volume of the honeycomb support. The nickel is coated in an amount of 5-150 g/L (based on conversion of nickel oxide per unit volume of the honeycomb support). The molar ratio of nickel and cesium is 0.05-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid (A) contains trifunctional or more than trifunctional isocyanate compound. The isocyanate compound is aromatic isocyanate compound. The liquid (A and/or B) further contains carbodiimide compound, urethanation reaction catalyst and antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer contains 0.01-10 mol% of vinyl alcohol residue units or 15-80 wt.% of residue units. The liquid (A) is blended in the ratio of 0.01-150 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the liquid (B). The base material is resin film, preferably polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting compound is a fullerene derivative. The content of the electron-accepting compound in the functional layer is 10-1000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of high-molecular compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high-molecular compound contains repeating unit (C) of formula (III).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent consists of an adsorption and/or an absorption material comprising zeolites, zeolite-like materials, metal-aluminophosphates (MeAPOs), silica aluminophosphates, aluminophosphates, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, metal-organic frameworks and network connections, porous coordination polymers, mesoporous aluminosilicate and silicon compounds, activated carbon, carbon molecular sieves, carbon nanotubes, silica gels, and/or hexa cyano metalates. The zeolites consist of zeolite A, zeolite 4A, zeolite 5A, zeolite X, zeolite 13X and zeolite Y, where the zeolite groups comprise compensating cations of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium and/or the cations of the rare earths such as lanthanum and lanthanides, actinium and/or group of actinides. The aluminophosphates (AlPOs) consist of AlPO-4, AlPO-14, AlPO-18, AlPO-5 and/or AlPO-11. The metal aluminphosphates consist of FAPO-5 (iron-AlPO-5) and/or MeAPO-11. The silica aluminophosphate consists of SAPO-34, SAPO-38, SAPO-44, SAPO-18, SAPO-5, and/or SAPO-41. The zeolitic imidazolate framework is ZiF-8. The metal-organic stand and network connections or the porous co-ordination polymers consist of: ZMOFs (zeolite like MOFs) such as HKUST-1; group of Materials Institute Lavoisier (MIL) such as MIL-53, MIL-100, MIL-110 and/or MIL-101; group of DUT (Dresden University OF Technology) materials such as DUT-6; and group of the materials from UiO (University OF Oslo) such as UiO-66 and/or ISE-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The working material consists of water, ozone, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, noble gases and/or hydrocarbons or alcohols such as methane, ethane, methanol or ethanol that are gaseous at temperatures of above 80 degrees C under normal conditions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solute in the aqueous electrolyte solution is analytically pure chemical reagent. The solvent is distilled water. The supporting salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium oxalate borate or lithium tetrafluoroborate. The purity of metal copper and copper sulfate is analytically pure. The concentration of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 6 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of hydrophobic polymer is preferably 10-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder contains 20-50 mol% of phosphorus pentoxide, 30-70 mol% of silicon oxide and 2-30 mol% of calcium oxide, and has volume average particle diameter of 10 mu m or less. The content of glass powder is 1-30 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersion medium contains terpineol and/or butylcarbitol acetate, and ethyl cellulose. The diffusion layer-forming composition has viscosity of 1-500 Pa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The electroconductive particles have average particle diameter of 0.4-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrical connection material further has an evaporative agent-not-containing ceramic layer which is laminated on the evaporative agent-containing ceramic layer. The solid oxide fuel cell further has a ceramic dense layer having porosity lower than the porosity of ceramic porous layer. Preferred Composition: The evaporative agent-not-containing ceramic layer contains electroconductive ceramics. Electroconductive ceramics are lanthanum-strontium manganite, lanthanum-strontium cobaltite and/or lanthanum-strontium cobalt ferrite. The evaporative agent is carbon and/or polymeric material. Preferred Properties: The porosity of ceramic porous layer is 20-90%. The porosity of ceramic dense layer is 0-20%. The thickness of ceramic porous layer is 0.4-0.92 times with respect to thickness of electrical connection portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backing structure comprises a micro-cellular foam layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Ionic liquid is adsorbed or supported on carrier surface. Gas containing ionic liquid, carbon monoxide, and steam are mixed to contact. Preferred Components: Carrier is water-gas-shift-reaction catalyst. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature of water gas shift reaction is 100-300 degrees C. Pressure of water gas shift reaction is 0.1-5 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ionic polymer without fluidity which is obtained by ionic liquid polymerization contains polymerizable functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The urethane acrylate blend comprises aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer and 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate. The montmorillonite platelet comprises methyl, tallow, bis-2-hydroxyethyl, quaternary ammonium, where the tallow includes 18C (65%), 16C (30%) and 14C (5%). The light stabilizer comprises Bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate and methyl 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl sebacate. The UV absorber comprises 2-(4-((2-Hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)- l,3,5-triazine and 2-(4-((2-Hydroxy-3-tridecyloxypropyl)oxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5 -triazine. The photoinitiator comprises oligo(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl) propanone) and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl propan-1-one.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film comprises polymethylmethacrylate. ORGAQNIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic device comprises a semiconductor material consisting of silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride and/or gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The film is a biaxial stretching polyethylene terephthalate film having apparent density of 1.37-0.85 g/cm3. The transmission value of the water vapor of the film is less than 2 g/m2/24 hour/0.1 mm, measured based on JISZ0208-73.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: A sample body produced with an intermediate layer film comprises 2 mm glass/0.8 mm intermediate layer film/2 mm glass in accordance with ISO/PAS 16940 for a first mode attenuation values in a temperature of 17.5-22.5 degrees C over 19%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A fluorine-containing compound chosen from fluorine-containing boric acid derivative, fluorine-containing sulfonic acid derivative and fluorine-containing containing phosphoric acid derivative, is further mixed in the step (I). The solid content residue is heat processed under non-oxidizing atmosphere containing nitrogen and 1-20 volume% of hydrogen gas. Preferred Composition: The oxygen reduction catalyst further contains transition metal element chosen from iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt, vanadium, and manganese. The solvent contains alcohol or water. The titanium-containing compound is chosen from titanium complex, phosphate of titanium, sulfate, nitrate, organic acid salt, acid halide, alkoxide, halide, perhalogenated acid salt and hypohalous acid salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate layer is made of magnesium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The receiving layer is formed from a silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive layer is made of indium tin oxide and zinc gallium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is made of silver and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The packaging adhesive film is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyurethane adhesive, poly acrylate adhesive, silicone and thermoplastic polyurethane, PVC and modified polyolefine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - The photoactive layer comprises copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS). The HTL comprises molybdenum oxide. The first electrode comprises indium tin oxide (ITO), and the second electrode comprises silver or aluminum. The second electrode is transparent to at least a portion of visible light. The ETL is a ZnO-PVP nanocomposite film, where the first electrode comprises ITO, the second electrode comprises silver or aluminum, the photoactive layer comprises a polymer and a fullerene, where the fullerene is PC71BM, the polymer is PDTG-TPD, poly(distannyl-dithienogermole)-thienopyrrolodione, or PDTS-TPD, and the HTL comprises molybdenum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ETL comprises metal oxide nanoparticles. The ETL is a zinc oxide (ZnO)-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanocomposite film. The first electrode is a cathode and comprises a transparent conductive oxide, and the second electrode is an anode and comprises a metal. The photoactive layer comprises a polymer and a fullerene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fullerene is (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is poly(dithienogermole)-thienopyrrolodione (PDTG-TPD), poly(distannyl-dithienogermole)-thienopyrrolodione, or poly(dithienosilole)-thienopyrrolodione (PDTS-TPD).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The foaming agent is heat-decomposable foaming agent or heat-foamable microcapsules having decomposition temperature of 100-240 degrees C, and discharges nitrogen by thermal decomposition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The foaming agent is provided such that the foaming agent protrudes in surface side rather than the average interface of binder. The foaming agent layer is formed by coating of coating liquid containing foaming agent in polymer composition comprising forming material of binder. Preferred Layer: The backsheet main material has a heat sealing layer (4) containing polyethylene as a main component to outermost surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyvinyl (iso) acetal groups of polyvinyl (iso) acetal are obtained by reacting at least one polyvinyl alcohol with at least one aliphatic keto-compound having 4-10C and with at least one branch at the alpha- or beta-position from the keto group. The polyvinyl (iso) acetal contains a proportion of the polyvinyl acetate groups of 0.1-15 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The foil includes the non-aromatic plasticizer having a polarity of less than or equal to 9.4, which is expressed by the formula (100x oxygen divide by (carbon + hydrogen). The non-aromatic plasticizer comprises di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, triethylene glycol-bis-2-propyl hexanoate, triethylene glycol-bis-i isononanoate, di-2-butoxyethyl sebacate, triethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate, or 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester. EXAMPLE - Isobutanol with a proportion of polyvinyl alcohol of 20.3 wt.% and triethylenglykol-bis-2-ethylhexanoate (27.5 wt.%) were extruded to obtain the foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant comprises polyethylene-polypropylene glycol-monodecyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid liquid comprises inorganic acid chosen from hydrofluoric acid and hydrofluoric-nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The stainless steel further contains (in %mass) titanium (less than 1), niobium (less than 1), nickel (less than 12), vanadium (less than 1), copper (less than 1), molybdenum (less than 5) and zirconium (less than 1). The atomic ratio of sum content of silicon, aluminum and manganese, and content of iron is 1 or less. During manufacture of stainless steel after cold-rolling and annealing process in the atmosphere having hydrogen concentration of more than 30 vol.%, and remainder of inert gas and unavoidable impurities. Preferred Properties: The stainless steel has surface contact resistance of 20 m Omega .cm2 or less. The stainless steel has dew point of -40 degrees C to 0 degrees C. Preferred Process: The method further involves surface-modification processing steel composition, heat-processing steel composition at 800-1200 degrees C and adding acid liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Mass ratio metal oxycarbonitride/platinum per unit area is 2-500. Mass ratio of platinum per unit area in layer (II) is 0.005-0.2 mg/cm2. Metallic element in metal oxycarbonitride is aluminum, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, strontium, yttrium, tin, tungsten, cerium, titanium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, vanadium, hafnium, iron, lanthanum, and/or samarium. Metal oxycarbonitride contains boron, phosphorus, and/or sulfur. Layer (I) and/or layer (II) contain electro-conductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The semiconducting nanoparticles are stabilized with a semiconducting polymer solution or semiconducting crystalline polymer nanowires dispersed in a solvent, where the semiconducting polymer solution or the crystalline polymer nanowire contains moieties susceptible to interact with the surface of the semiconducting nanoparticles as semiconducting polymer substitution ligands.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cleaning molecules have functional group comprising nitrogen, sulfur, carbon or phosphor, and are thiols, preferably 2-6C containing thiols. The semiconducting polymers substitution ligands are polythiophene, polypyrrole or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the composition: the metal is calcium, magnesium, nickel, copper, silver, silicon, titanium and/or zinc; the metal oxide is zinc oxide; the metal oxide is present at 0.01-10 wt.%; the metal oxide particle has a average particle size of less than or equal to 30 mu , preferably less than or equal to 3 nm or less than or equal to 300 nm, preferably less than or equal to 50 nm; the additional layer is a film; and the film has a thickness of 1 mu m to 0.5 mm, preferably 30-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is coated with at least one of silanes, thiophenes and/or citrates, preferably an alkoxysilane compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive or semi-conductive layer is organic and comprises polythiophene derivative. The PET is present for at least 80 wt.%. The composition further comprises polylactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Arrangement: A contact bonding layer (14) is further provided between the organic material layer and the separating layer. Preferred Composition: The support plate contains glass or silicon. The separating layer contains polymer, inorganic substances, compound having structure of infrared ray absorptivity, fluorocarbon, or infrared-ray absorber containing carbon black, iron particles, or aluminum particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic substance is a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive intermediate layer contains electroconductive material chosen from tin oxide which is doped with conductive carbon and fluorine, antimony oxide, indium tin oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, and electroconductive whisker, or electroconductive material and resin chosen from polyamidoimide resin, polyamide resin and polyimide resin. The catalyst layer contains carbon and inorganic binder. The photoelectric conversion element is a dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element (10) which has photosensitizing dye adsorbed on the porous electrode. The porous electrode contains microparticles containing semiconductors. Preferred Property: The thickness of electroconductive intermediate layer and catalyst layer is 0.2-10 mu m and 5-200 mu m, respectively. Preferred Process: The electroconductive intermediate layer is formed by laminating the material containing electroconductive material on the metal counter electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder is chosen from ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carboxy vinyl polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white filler is chosen from titanium oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, and barium oxide. The content of white filler in the reflection layer is 5 wt.% or more. The reflection layer further contains polyethylene terephthalate resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The permeable layer contains polymer chosen from polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ionomer, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene methylmethacrylate copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, and vinyl chloride. The reflection layer contains a bubble. Preferred Property: The permeable layer has breaking strength of 10 N/cm or more. The reflection layer reflects 80% or more of light ray with wavelength of 400-1400 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar group is chosen from ester group, carboxyl group, carbonyl group and hydroxyl group. The organic-semiconductor compound having polar group is a low-molecular-weight compound including donor and acceptor conjugated in one molecule, heterocyclic skeletons containing sulfur element in a molecule, electroconductive high-molecular compound having segment (s1) derived from donor and segment (s2) derived from acceptor which are alternately arranged, electroconductive high molecular compound does not contains acceptor and donor, or electroconductive high molecular compound having heterocyclic skeleton containing sulfur element or nitrogen element and does not contains donor-acceptor structure. The segment (s1) has heterocyclic skeleton containing a sulfur element. The segment (s2) has heterocyclic skeleton containing a sulfur element and/or a nitrogen element. The segment (s2) is of formula (I).R32,R33=H or substituent, in which at least one of R32 and R33 is functional group having polar group.Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of inorganic semiconductor compound including microparticles is 1-30 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymer support contains inorganic fine particles. The pigment in the polymer layer (1) is white pigment. The content of pigment in the layer (1) is 15-50 volume%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer support is polyethylene terephthalate support having carboxyl group content of 5-35 equivalent/t, or polyester support containing carbodiimide-type terminal blocker as terminal blocker. The silicone polymer in the layer (3) is composite polymer containing silicone resin and acrylic resin. At least one of the polymer layer (2) and polymer layer (3) contains crosslinking agent (0.5-30 %mass), and binder chosen from polyolefin resin, acrylic resin and polyvinyl alcohol resin. The crosslinking agent is chosen from carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent, oxazoline-type crosslinking agent, and isocyanate-type crosslinking agent. The binder in the polymer layer (2) is a copolymer containing olefin component, acrylic component and/or carboxylic component. Preferred Property: The film thickness of the polymer layer (2) is 0.03-1.5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer layer (14) contains silicone polymer, and particles having volume average particle diameter of 0.2-1.5 mu m, preferably 0.3-0.6 mu m and titanium dioxide particles. The polymer support contains terminal blocker (0.1-10 %mass) with respect to total mass of polymer, and microparticles (0-50 %mass) containing inorganic particles or organic particles and having average particle diameters of 0.1-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A layer of transparent polymer is positioned between first and second glass plates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The left and right aerodynamic supports are made of plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The left and right aerodynamic supports are made of aluminum and magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode is composed of at least one sulfur-containing material comprising: elemental sulfur; lithium sulfide; lithium polysulfide compound of formula (Li2Sn); organic polysulfide compound of formula (R2Sn1); organosulfur compounds of poly(carbon disulfide) type; and any polymer disulfide having a sequence of sulfur-sulfur bond can be broken when discharge of cycle of the lithium/sulfur accumulator, and reformed during the charging cycle. The negative electrode comprises at least one active material consisting of lithium metal or its alloy, or lithium insertion compounds. The lithium salt of the electrolyte is lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium iodide, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium nitrate or lithium hydroxide. The amount of excess electrolyte is introduced at 50-100% relative to the amount of electrolyte ensuring wetting of the electrodes and the separator. The electrolyte comprises at least one solvent comprising: carbonates such as propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate or diethyl carbonate; 1,3-dioxolane ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or glyme family of formula (CH3O-(CH2CH2O)n-CH3), such as polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether; or water. The material has a porosity of 50-90% and a thickness of 50-100 mu m. The nonwoven material comprises: fibers comprising glass fibers; poly(ethylene terephthalate); polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene; poly(vinyl alcohol); polyamide; poly(tetrafluoroethylene); PVC; and/or polyvinylidene fluoride.R = linear 2-10C alkyl;n1 = 2-50;n2 = 1-10; andn = 2-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The structure reinforcing layer material selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate or polytrimethylene terephthalate. The structure reinforcing layer is a biaxially oriented polyester film. The bonding layer material is selected from polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyacrylate, and/or epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The passivation layer comprises silicon nitride. The surface coatings include compounds consisting of organo-borons, organo-phosphorus, organo-fluorine, and organo-chlorine compounds. The metal particle consists of silver, aluminum, copper, and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surface coatings consist of silanes, trisilanes, polysilanes, disilaethenes, siloxanes, siloxane oligomers, and polysiloxanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is selected from calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti) and zinc (Zn). The metal oxide is zinc oxide. The metal oxide is coated with at least one compound selected from silane, thiophene, and citrate. The compound is a silane compound, preferably an alkoxysilane compound. The metal oxide particle has average particle size of less than or equal to 30 (preferably less than or equal to 3) mu m or less than or equal to 300 nm (preferably less than or equal to 100, especially less than or equal to 50) nm. The additional layer is a film. The film has a thickness of 1 mu m and 0.5 mm, or 4-150 (preferably 30-50) mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive or semiconductive layer is organic (preferably a polythiophene derivative).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises polylactic acid (at least 80 wt.%) and metal oxide (0.01-10 wt.%) based on the total weight of the composition. The composition further comprises poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal consists of calcium, magnesium, nickel, copper, silver, silicon, titanium and/or zinc. The metal oxide is zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is coated with a compound consisting of silanes such as alkoxysilane, tiophenes and/or citrates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive or semiconductive layer comprises a polythiophene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic luminescent material comprises samarium ion (Sm2+), cerium ion (Ce2+), europium ion (Eu2+) or ytterbium ion (Yb2+). The inorganic luminescent material consists of oxidic, nitridic, oxidonitridic, fluoridic, borate and/or phosphate materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous film comprises polytetrafluoroethylene. Preferred Properties: The tensile stress of the electrolytic solution filter is 60-1000 N/m, when the tensile elongation rate of the electrolytic solution filter is 100% at least in one direction. The Gurley number of the electrolytic solution filter is 100-500 seconds/100 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of linear polyester polyol is 60-80 wt.%, with respect to 100 wt.% of total of polyester polyurethane polyol and linear polyester polyol. The content of adhesive agent contacting the thick substrate is 5-30 g/m2. The middle layer substrate is adhered to solar surface protection sheet through adhesive bond layer. Preferred Property: The thickness of substrate is 125-350 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The pressure of ultra-high-temperature and high-pressure steam is 5-6.5 MPa. The inside of the container is maintained under ultra-high temperature and high-pressure steam for preferably 5 minutes. The manufacture of water-soluble saccharides involves supplying processed material (AA) to the container, supplying ultra-high-temperature and high pressure steam (BB) with respect to the container to which the processed material is supplied, sealing (CC) the container airtightly in which the steam is heated and supplied from the outside, maintaining the inside of the container for a predetermined period and blasting the processed material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polysaccharide is cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinylidene fluoride resin composition further contains methacrylic acid ester resin, and titanium oxide. The content of polyvinylidene fluoride, and methacrylic acid ester resin with respect to total content of resin component is 50 %mass or more, and 5-50 %mass, respectively. The content of antioxidant and titanium oxide with respect to 100 parts mass of resin component is 0.01-5 parts mass and 5-30 parts mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin comprises phenolic resin and/or epoxy resin. The polymer solution comprises polyacrylonitrile, pitch, or phenolic compound dissolved in a polar solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of the lithium stearate is less than 1.3 (preferably 0.5-1.25) wt.%. EXAMPLE - Typical paste comprised (in wt.%) of: silver and lead containing glass (90.7); resin binder (8.8); and lithium stearate (0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: At least a two-dimensional metal structure includes metal mesh and/or metal fleece, preferably a copper grid and/or a copper fleece. At least one planar metal structure is arranged between the first surface portion and the heating device. At least one planar metal structure in the construction is laminated, preferably laminated over the entire surface. At least one planar metal structure at least partially comprises recesses. At least one planar metal structure has: openings, which are at least partly, preferably regularly distributed over the surface; and a basis weight of at least 500 g/m2 and/or a maximum of 2000 g/m2, preferably 1700 g/m2. At least one planar metal structure: is spaced apart from the periphery of the first surface portion at a maximum of 25 mm; and is formed as a non-woven fabric. At least one planar metal structure: at least partially comprises many superposed layers of metal wires; and has a thermal conductivity of at least 17 W/(m.K), preferably 350-400 W/(m.K). At least one planar metal structure is enclosed by a separable construction of molding. The first surface portion and/or the second surface portion comprise a glass fiber reinforced and/or carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal back plate is formed of corrosion resistant metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, and copper alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The slip inner peripheral surface of the bearing also comprises a slip plane of tetrafluoroethylene resin or thermosetting resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - The slip layer also contains a reinforced fiber woven fabric impregnated with thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The air electrode comprises manganese oxide, silver oxide, chromium trioxide, osmium tetraoxide, pyridinium chlorochromate, persulfuric acid, ammonium persulfate, dipyridyl disulfide, anthraquinone, 2-anthraguinone sulfonate, 2-ethyl-9,10, anthraquinone, and/or naphtaquinone. The reusable electrolyte is formed based on electrolytes: hydroquinone, dihydroxyanthracene, 2-dihydroxyanthracene sulfonate, 2-ethyl-9,10, dihydroxyanthracene, dihydroxynaphtalene, parietin, sodium hypophosphite, or phosphonic acid. The hydrogenation catalyst comprises at one or a combination of catalyst from a group of palladium, nickel, ruthenium, zinc and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal oxide layer is made of aluminum oxide, copper oxide, silver oxide, platinum oxide or gold oxide. The inorganic conductive material comprises indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium zinc tin oxide or silver nano-wires. The insulating layer is made of silicon oxide, silicon nitride and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal electrode comprises metal or composite metal, where the metal comprises aluminum, copper, silver, platinum, or gold, and the composite metal comprises silver/copper, aluminum/silver, aluminum/platinum, gold/copper, platinum/gold or zinc/copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating layer is made of ethylene vinyl acetate, epoxy, PTFE and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanowire comprises silver nanowire, gold nanowire, copper nanowire, aluminum wire, nickel nanowire, titanium nanowire and alloy of metal nanowire. Preferred Properties: The metal nanowire has diameter of 5-500 nm, length of 0.5-2000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous emulsion of bonding agent for energy storage active material or electrolyte does not react. Preferred Components: The energy storage active material is graphite, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotube, polyaniline, polypyrrole and/or polythiophene or their derivatives. The bonding agent is carboxymethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl starch. The primary solvent and secondary solvent used during preparation of composite material is water, alcohol, ether, alkyl, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, benzene, toluene and/or xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent material is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent material is a polymeric film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The container has one opening. The locking surface is disposed on a side wall of the container. The septum has an exposed length of at most 100 mm, preferably 1-20 mm. The fuel reservoir further comprises a cap on the septum, covering a portion of the septum. The power-producing system comprises a fuel cell. The needles comprise: first needle, having a valve; and second needle, where the valve blocks liquid fuel from flowing out of the fuel reservoir through the first needle when the first needle is engaging the fuel reservoir, the valve allows air to pass into the fuel reservoir when the first needle is engaging the fuel reservoir, and the second needle is fluidly connected to the fuel reservoir when the second needle is engaging the fuel reservoir. The fuel dispensing system further comprises a power-producing system in fluid connection with the dispensing appliance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid fuel comprises alcohol, preferably methanol or hydrocarbon fuel. The container and needle-pierceable septum comprise a material which is un-reactive with the liquid fuel. The needle-pierceable septum comprises: silicone; a first layer comprising elastomer; and a second layer comprising a polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nanocrystal is a semiconducting quantum dot having a core of the type cadmium sulfide (CdS), cadmium selenide (CdSe), cadmium telluride (CdTe), lead sulfide (PbS), or lead selenide (PbSe). The inorganic nanocrystal is a semiconducting quantum rod of the type CdS, CdSe, CdTe, PbS or PbSe. The high humidity gas is water of 5-99%, at 20-25 degrees C, and at an ambient pressure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer is poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), poly 3-octyl-thiophene (P3OT), or poly(2,5-bis(3-(N,N-diethylamino)-1-oxapropyl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene). The electron acceptor material is selected from fullerene compounds, n-type conjugated polymers, and inorganic nanocrystals. The electron acceptor material is a buckminsterfullerene (C60), emerald green fullerene compound, C60(C(CH3)(CO2Et)2)6, or (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The composition (C1) is synthesized on a solid substrate, hydrophilic solid substrate, or a layer of water. Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer is a p-type conjugated polymer. The p-type conjugated polymer is a polymer selected from polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) compounds, polythiophene compounds, and polyfluorene compounds. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An organic-semiconductor material is a fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer block in principal chain has bivalent heterocyclic group comprising condensed-ring structure having at least one thiophene ring in portion of chemical structure, carbazole structure, dibenzosilole structure and/or dibenzogermole structure, and cyclopentadithiophene diyl group, dithienopyrrole diyl group, dithienosilol diyl group, dithienogermole diyl group, benzodithiophene diyl group, naphthodithiophene diyl group, thienothiophene diyl group, thienopyrroledione diyl group and/or diketopyrrolopyrrole diyl group. The conjugated polymer block in side chain comprises 8C alkyl groups or alkoxy groups, or 6C alkyl group or alkoxy group bonded with bivalent heterocyclic group. The difference of total of carbon number of conjugated polymer block in side chain and total of carbon number of conjugated polymer other than the side chain is 6-16.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic peroxide is t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate and the silane coupling agent is vinyltriethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal contact comprises metal chosen from gold, silver and copper, preferably gold or copper. Preferred Process: The additional protection layer is removed with selective chemical etchant during epitaxial lift-off process. The substrate (s1) is solvent-cleaned and treated to form an oxide layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate (s1) comprises plastic or metal foil, preferably polyimide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent comprises a dibasic ester (10-70 wt.%, based on the weight of the organic solvent) selected from dimethyl adipate (75-95 wt.% based on the total weight of the dibasic ester), dimethyl glutarate and/or dimethyl succinate. The conductive paste comprises organic solvent (1-15 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell backsheet further has a surface-treated layer comprises acrylate resin or polyethylenimine type-resin on surface at the side of the adhesive layer of the laminated component, and a resin film which contains polyester-based resin and fluororesin, or aluminum foil laminated on the surface of the any one of the front and back of this laminated component. The surface at the side of the adhesive layer of the laminated component connects the sealing agent which consists of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. The adhesive layer contains thermoplastic resin chosen from polyethylene resin having melting point of less than 150 degrees C, random polypropylene resin having melting point of less than 150 degrees C and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin having melting point of less than 150 degrees C, preferably polypropylene resin having melting point of 150 degrees C or more. Preferred Properties: The base material layer has porosity of 3-53% and thickness of 70-250 mu m. The average particle diameter or mean-dispersion particle size of the inorganic/organic filler in the base material layer is 0.05-0.9 mu m. The porosity of the adhesive layer is 0-3%. The peeling force of the adhesive layer side surface and the sealing material is 20 N/25 mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of electron-accepting compound in the functional layer is 10-1000 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of high molecular compound. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. EXAMPLE - Toluene (20 ml), 1,3-dibromo-4H-cyclopenta(c)thiophene-4,6(5H)-dione (0.274 mmol), and (8,8-bis(3,7-dimethyloctyl)-11-(tributylstannyl)-7-oxa-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-4-yl)tributylstannane (300 mg) reacted to obtain homogeneous solution. The obtained toluene solution was bubbled with argon for 30 minutes, and tris(2-tolyl)phosphine (7.5 mg) and tris(dibenzylidine acetone) were added to reaction mixture, and stirred. Phenyl bromide (79 mg) was added to reaction solution, stirred for 4 hours, filtered, washed, and dried to obtain high molecular compound having weight average molecular weight of 15000 and number average molecular weight of 4900.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The optoelectronic device comprises a semiconductor layer containing copper, indium, and gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The HTA compound comprises antioxidant characteristics. The UVLA compound comprises a benzophenone moiety having at least one pendant OH moiety and at least one pendant -OR moiety. The UVLA compound comprises benzotriazole moiety, triazine moiety, or oxalanilide moiety. The HTA compound has a formula of formula (Ia) or (Ib).R=not defined;R1=linear, branched, or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic monovalent moiety other than H or a co-member of a ring structure (preferably 1-4C alkyl or 1-4C alkoxy);R2= straight, branched, or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic divalent moiety (preferably ether, ester, and/or imide moiety);R3=O, S, or R2;R4=H or a monovalent or co-member of a ring structure (preferably 1-4C alkyl or 1-4C alkoxy);n=a value such that the weight average molecular weight of the compound is at least 1000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer content comprises fluoropolymers selected from ethylene- perfluoro-ethylene-propene (EFEP), fluoroethylene-propylene (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) or perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), where 0 wt.% of the fluoropolymer content is derived from vinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: a fourth reactant for transportation or for blocking electrical charges is participated on the reaction, where the fourth reactant contains the anchor group of the first and second anchor group species; and in addition to the first reactant, the second reactant, the third reactant and optionally the fourth reactants, no additional reactant is participated in the reaction. Preferred Components: The metal center of the metal complex is rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, tin or lead. The metal complex contains the anchor group of the first anchor group species for the covalent binding of the metal complex to the polymer and the second reactant contains the anchor group of the second anchor group species for the covalent binding to the metal complex, where the covalent bonding of the metal complex to the polymer is carried out by reacting the anchor group of the metal complex with the anchor group of the second reactant. The metal complex contains the anchor group of the first anchor group species for the covalent binding of the metal complex to the polymer by the anchor group of the second anchor group species and the second reactant contains the first anchor group of the first anchor group species for the covalent binding of the second reactant to the anchor group of the second anchor group species, where the covalent binding of the metal complex to the polymer is carried out by the reaction of the anchor group of the metal complex with a third reactant, which contains the second anchor group of the second anchor group species. The reaction product is a multi-dimensional network with crosslinked organic metal complexes, which are insoluble. The first and second anchor group species are selected from species as given in figure 2 specification. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic peroxide is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate, and/or 1,1-di(t-hexylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate content of the copolymer is 20-40 %mass. Polyethylene glycol has a weight average molecular weight of 600-6000. The content of organic peroxide in the composition in 0.1-2 parts mass. Preferred Properties: The torque of the composition as measured using a curing test device 30 minutes after processing at 150 degrees C is 0.05-0.28 N.m according to JIS K6300-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of the component (C) is 0.2-5 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the component (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (A) is copolymer of ethylene and 1-hexene or terpolymer of ethylene, hexene and propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The UV-curable polymer material is selected from a group consisting of polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, poly (methyl methacrylate) and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The heat-transport system further has stirring apparatus (15). Preferred Process: Before flowing down heat-transport fluid from the flow path portion (12) to the flow path portion (11), stirring apparatus stirs the heat-transport fluid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The microparticles include carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The dispersing agent has heat sensitivity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of oxazoline group in resin is 5.1-9 mmol/g. The resin composition contains urethane resin having carboxyl group, and acrylic resin having carboxyl group. The content of resin, acrylic resin and urethane resin with respect to 100 %mass of total content of resin, acrylic resin and urethane resin, is 20-70 %mass, 10-60 %mass and 10-60 %mass, respectively. The inorganic thin film layer is a layer containing complex oxide of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide. Preferred Properties: The acid value of urethane resin and acrylic resin is 10-40 mg potassium hydroxide/g and 40 or less mg potassium hydroxide/g, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The average degree of polymerization of polyvinyl acetal is 100-5000, preferably 600-1500. The acidic component variation of sealing material or intermediate film after hot-water test is 1 mg potassium hydroxide/g or less. The polyvinyl acetal is obtained by acetalyzing polyvinyl alcohol by aldehyde, in the presence of a non-chlorine-type catalyst. The non-chlorine-type catalyst is nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electroconductive layer contains the metal nanowire of 0.005-0.5 g/m2. The metal nanowire has a major-axis diameter of 1-40 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ethylenically unsaturated bond is linked to the side chain of the water-insoluble polymer. The mass ratio of the metal nanowire and the water-insoluble polymer is 0.1-5. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a dispersing agent (0.1-50 mass parts) to which the metal nanowire is dispersed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-insoluble polymer has a structure of formula (-(CH2-C(X1)(COO-X2))x-) (-(CH2-C(Y1)(COOH))y-) (-(CH2-C(Z1)(COO-Z2-O-Z3))z-). The average molecular weight of the water-insoluble polymer is 10000-100000.X1, Y1, Z1=H or methyl;X2=organic group has a branch structure or alicyclic structure, preferably isopropyl, t-butyl, cyclohexyl, dicyclo trimethyl, or dicyclopentanyl;Z2=a single bond or a bivalent organic group, preferably 2-hydroxy-1,3- propylene or 2-hydroxy-1,4-cyclohexylene;Z3=acryloyl group or methacryloyl group;Z3=acryloyl or methacryloyl;andx, y, z=molar ratio of each repeating unit in, when those sum totals are 100 mol, or 0-100, preferably x is 10-75, y is 4 5-70 and z is 10-70. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide. The cathode comprises nickel oxide hydroxide or nickel oxyhydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Carbon is carbon black. The carbon black concentration is 3 mass ppm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The negative-electrode active material contains (in %mass) spongy lead (100), carbon (0.5-2.5), water-soluble polymer (0.1-0.9 or more), and cellulose ether (0.01-0.3). The cellulose ether is carboxyalkyl cellulose. The negative-electrode active material further contains ligninsulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier layer is made of synthetic rip-stop fabric, such as Nylon or Cordura. The substrate boards of sections are made of lightweight semi-rigid material selected from standard printed circuit board (PCB); glass fiber board; woven glass and epoxy; woven glass and polyester; graphite fiber composite or basalt fiber composite. The photovoltaic cells are made of crystalline silicon having about 22% of solar conversion efficiency.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The carrier and the closure element are made of polycarbonate, polypropylene, low-density polyethylene, PVC and polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass has a thickness of 0.5-2 mm, a compressive strength of 150-250 MPa, a bending strength of 150-250 MPa, and a tensile strength of 100-150 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reflection layer comprises titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, silver, gold, aluminum, and/or chromium, or a material having a refractive index of greater than or equal to 2. The buffer layer comprises silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, or a material having a refractive index of 1.4-1.9. The heat dissipation layer comprises a metal, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, and/or silicon carbide formed by direct coating or deposition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The reflection layer is Teflon (RTM: PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The precursor is polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The low-temperature-baked carbon is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having nitrogen in skeleton. The low-temperature-baked carbon is obtained by baking cyclic compound having nitrogen, and phenol resin precursor in nitrogen atmosphere at 500-1000 degrees C. The phenol resin precursor is formed by condensate of xylene and formaldehyde. The cyclic compound is melamine, methylated melamine, etherified melamine or benzoguanamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Structure: The polyester film has application layer obtained by coating a coating liquid containing crosslinking agent containing polymer having oxazoline group or carbodiimide group and polyurethane having polycarbonate skeleton or polyether skeleton. The sum of the thickness of the layers (A,B) is 250-350 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - All metal parts are made as anodized aluminum components.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The seals are designed as elastomers in nitrile butadiene rubber quality.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The connecting element is made of ethylene propylene diene rubber froth or ethylene propylene rubber froth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive material consists of nickel, silver, copper, tin, zinc, and cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The array of microwires is crystalline silicon. The silicon-based semiconductive material(s) forms p-n junctions with the microwires. The microwires and substrate are the same material. The microwire and substrate are p-type or n-type crystalline silicon. The silicon-based semiconductive material comprises n-type (or p-type respectively) silicon layer on the radial surface of a microwire. An end of a microwire distal from the substrate comprises silicon-based semiconductive material(s) with a different bandgap forming a cap on the microwire forming a buried junction. The silicon-based semiconductive material at the end of the microwire is an amorphous p-type (or n-type, respectively) silicon material. The microstructure further comprises an additional undoped and n-type (or p-type, respectively) amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The cap further comprises a metal catalyst (40) for performing electrochemical fuel-forming reactions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: A portion of the array of microwires is embedded in a polymer, glass, or wax (50). The polymer is a conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing material composition further contains 0.01-2 parts mass of polyfunctional monomer having carbon-carbon double bond and/or epoxy group. The polymerizable functional group of silane coupling agent is chosen from vinyl group, styryl group, (meth)acryl group, and epoxy group. The polyfunctional monomer is acrylate or (meth)acrylate. Preferred Properties: The organic peroxide has reduction-by-half temperature of 100-230 degrees C for 1 minute. The sealing material of composition has dielectric breakdown voltage of 85 kV/mm or more based on ASTM-D149.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solar cell comprises silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tetrafunctional silicon compound comprises silica (99 %mass or more), and sodium oxide, potassium oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, sulfate, magnesium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide (0.1 mass% or less), tetrafunctional silicon alkoxide compound having purity of 99 %mass or more and/or tetrafunctional halogenated silicon compound having purity of 99 %mass or more. The inorganic-hydrophilic coating liquid further contains microparticles having primary particle diameter of 1-100 nm and n-type-semiconductor property, and comprising metal oxide particles, metal chalcogenide particles and organometallic complex particles. The microparticles having primary particle diameter of 1-100 nm are titanium dioxide particles and/or tungsten trioxide particles. Preferred Process: A metal chosen from vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, tungsten, platinum and gold is supported on microparticles. Preferred Property: The amorphous silica has primary particle diameter of 500 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The basic compound is organic base, preferably organic ammonium salt, alkylamine, alkanolamine and/or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic-type compound. The addition amount of basic compound is 100 mol% or more with respect to content of tetrafunctional silicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material is glass-type base material, polycarbonate-type base material, acryl-type base material, polyester-type base material and/or fluorine-type base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thin film RTD comprises a thin-film transistor (TFT) that is made of material selected from a group consisting of hydrogenated amorphous material, indium-gallium-zinc oxide, zinc oxide and zinc-tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thin film thermistor is made of thermo-resistive material selected from a group consisting of platinum, nickel and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous electrolyte additive forms a 5-membered chelate with a metal ion eluted from a positive electrode of the lithium secondary battery. The non-aqueous electrolyte additive is present at 0.01-20 wt.%. The positive active material comprises a lithium compound of formula ((LiaA11-bR11bD12), (LiaE11-bR11bO2-cD1c), (LiE12-bR11bO4-cD1c), (LiaNi1-b-cCobR11cD1a0), (LiaNi1-b-cCobR11cO2-a0Z1a0), (LiaNi1-b-cCobR11cO2-a0Z12), (LiaNi1-b-cMnbR11cD1a0), (LiaNi1-b-cMnbR11cO2-a0Z1a0), (LiaNi1-b-cMnbR11cO2-a0Z12), (LiaNib1E1c1G1d1O2), (LiaNib1Coc1Mnd2G1e1O2), (LiaNiG1b2O2), (LiaCoG1b2O2), (LiaMnG1b2O2), (LiaMn2G1b2O4), (Q1O2), (Q1S2), (LiQ1S2), (LiT1O2), (Li(3-f)J12(PO4)2) or (Li(3-f)Fe2(PO4)3)), vanadium pentoxide, lithium compounds (LiV2O5 and LiNiVO4) and/or lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). The chelate is a 5-membered chelate.a = 0.90-1.8;b, c1, d2 = 0-0.5;c = 0-0.05;b1 = 0-0.9;d1, e1, b2 = 0.001-0.1;a0, f = 0-2;A1 = Ni, Co or Mn;R11 = Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V or rare earth element;D1 = O, F, S or P;E1 = Co or Mn;Z1 = F, S or P;G1 = Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr or V;Q1 = Ti, Mo or Mn;T1 = Cr, V, Fe, Sc or Y; andJ1 = V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni or Cu. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - The use of 21 compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. dicyano ethylene of formula (NC-CH=CH-CN), diamino dicyanoethylene, tetracyanoethylene, dicyano cyclobutene and dicyano-1,3-dithiolene-2-one.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The third layer is provided with fluoropolymer selected from PTFE, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymers, copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene difluoride and perfluoroalkoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rear environmental protection layer is made of material that is selected from a group consisting of flouropolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbonate, polyester, polypropylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene oxide, polyacrylate, polyamide, and PTFE. The encapsulant layers are made of material selected from a group consisting of polyolefin, ethylene vinyl acetate and silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The first layer has a Wenzel roughness factor of 1.03-1.07 measured by an Atomic force microscopy at 5 mu m. The outer layer has a Wenzel roughness factor of greater than 1.1 measured by an Atomic force microscopy at 5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfide solid electrolyte material is lithium-phosphorus sulfide (Li2S-P2S5) material. The ratio of lithium sulfide and phosphorus sulfide in lithium-phosphorus sulfide material is 72:28-78:22, based on molar conversion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The branched polymer is hydrogenated polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particle: The average particle diameter of inorganic particle is 1 mu m or less. The inorganic particle is chosen from rutile-type titania or alumina. The average particle diameter of inorganic particle is smaller than average hole diameter of separator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer has mean molecular weight of 200-2000000. The polymer having polyethyleneglycol group is polyethyleneglycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of silane coupling agent (A) and silane coupling agent (B) is 0.2-1 part mass and 0.1-1 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer, respectively. The silane coupling agent (A) has an isocyanurate group in a molecule, and is of formula (I). The silane coupling agent (A) is chosen from 1,3,5-tris(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(3-(methyl dimethoxy silyl)propyl)isocyanurate and 1,3,5-tris(3-(methyl-diethoxysilyl)propyl)isocyanurate. The silane coupling agent (B) is of formula: (R4O)3-mR5mSi-X. The silane coupling agent (B) is chosen from 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and 3-isocyanate propyl triethoxysilane. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide.R1,R2,R4,R5=methyl, ethyl, or 2-methoxyethyl;R3=2-11C bivalent hydrocarbyl;n=0-2;X=organic functional group having vinyl, epoxy, styryl, methacryl, acryl, amino, mercapto, or isocyanate in terminal (all optionally substituted);andm=0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The volume resistivity of sealing film after crosslinking at 25 degrees C is more than 1x 1016 ohm.cm. The glass adhesive force of sealing film measured by 180 degrees peel test according to JIS K 6584, 1994 after crosslinking and leaving to stand at 85 degrees C and relative humidity of 85% for 2000 hours, is 20 N/cm or more. The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The aromatic sulfonic acid derivative is of formula (II) or (III). The sulfonic acid group-containing polymer contains 20 wt.% or more of sulfonic acid group-containing structural unit of formula (V) or (VI). The block copolymer has a segment containing structural unit (V) or (VI), and a segment which does not contain sulfonic acid group. The structural unit (IV) is of formula (VII). The segment (A1) contains structural unit of formula (Q1) and/or (Q2), structural unit of formula (Q3), and a structural unit of formula (Q4). The segment satisfies relation: 0 less than or equal to Y less than X less than Z less than 1, where X is total molar amount of units (Q1,Q2), Y is molar amount of unit (Q3), and Z is molar amount of unit (Q4). The segment (A2) contains structural unit of formula (VIII), preferably of formula (IX).n2=n1;X2=F or Cl;Y2=-CO- or -SO2-;n3,n4=1-3;M1-M4=H, metal cation, or ammonium cation;X3=X4;Y3,Y7=Y4;Z2,Z3,Z7=Z4;b1+b2=1;b3+b4=2-8;andY7=Y1.Preferred Copolymer: The block copolymer further contains one or more linker moieties which connect between segments. The block copolymer has ion exchange capacity of 1.5-3.5 mequivalent/g. The molar ratio of segment (A1) and segment (A2) is 0.2-5. The number average molecular weight of segment (A1) and segment (A2) is 5000-50000, and weight average molecular weight of block copolymer is 100000-1000000. Preferred Definitions:    X4=sulfonic acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dielectric layer comprises silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride and amorphous silicon. The metal layer comprises aluminum, titanium, magnesium, zinc, niobium and/or tantalum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The frameless photovoltaic module is provided with several interconnected copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backside sheet is made up of more materials from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polybutylene, and polybutylene terephthalate. The standoff clamps are made up from the group consisting of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, butyl rubber and silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of stainless steel and/or polymeric material. The light reflective material is formed using aluminum, copper, and silver. The transparent conductive oxide layer contains oxide of zinc. The intrinsic layer of the photovoltaic cell is formed using nanocrystalline material chosen from silicon, germanium and/or silicon-germanium. The doped layer adjacent to the transparent conductive oxide is n-type layer. The buffer layer is made of doped silicon oxide material. Preferred Property: The transparent conductive oxide material has thickness of 500-10000 Angstrom .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of curing is carried out in the presence of: photoinitiator comprising monoacyl phosphine oxide and bisacyl phosphine oxide, where the photoinitiator is in the encapsulation composition of 0.25-8 wt.%; and a thermal free radical initiator comprising organic peroxides and azo compounds. Preferred Composition: The encapsulating composition: is liquid at room temperature and the curing step comprises applying radiation, preferably UV at ambient pressure; and has a viscosity of below 20000 millipascal-second (mPa-s) centipoise (cp) at 60 degrees C and a UV visible light transmittance of 85-99%. The cured encapsulation composition has freeze-thaw properties which pass a humidity-freeze test according to ASTM E-1171 sections 6.5-6.6 of freeze-thaw test protocol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is derived from random or block copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene. The monomer comprises (meth)acrylate esters and the oligomer comprises urethane (meth)acrylates, epoxy (meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylated acrylic oligomers and polyester (meth)acrylates. The monomer and/or oligomer are mono functional in ethylenic unsaturation. The ratio of the polyvinyl acetal resin to the monomer and/or oligomer is 1:99-99:1 wt.%. The polyvinyl acetal resin has a structure of formulae (I) and (II), where the polyvinyl acetal resin has weight average molecular weight of 10000-250000.R = optionally substituted organic radical or H;a = 0-80 wt.%;b = 20-90 wt.%;c = 0-10 wt.%;d = 0-30 wt.%; andN1 = 50-1500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer comprises nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible substrate comprises polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material has mean linear thermal expansion coefficient during heating at 800 degrees C from normal temperature of 0.5x 10-6/ degrees C or less, and bulk density of 1.3-1.8 g/cm3. The mean linear thermal expansion coefficient of carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material is negative coefficient at 400 degrees C from room temperature. The pitch-based carbon-fiber woven fabric has fabric weight of 200-600 g/m2. Preferred Process: The cylindrical component is thermally-expanded by cooling process from 400 degrees C to room temperature. The bottom portion and the straight component are formed using the carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Degree of crystallinity of 1st resin is 40-65%. Degree of crystallinity of 2nd resin is 0-40%. Difference between degree of crystallinity of 1st resin and 2nd resin is 1-60%. Density of 1st resin is 0.3-0.7 g/cm3. Density of 2nd resin is 0.7-0.9 g/cm3. Preferred Components: The 1st resin and 2nd resin are polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass powder has a softening point of 350-550 degrees C and a grain size of 0.05-2 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The formed electrode has a width of 40-80 mu m and a height of 20-40 mu m. Slurry layer (A) has a width of 40-80 mu m and a height of 5-10 mu m. Slurry layer (B) has a width of 40-80 mu m and a height of 15-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate and fluorinated sulfonic acid containing lithium amide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method includes: at least one step of polymerizing the photovoltaic pressure sensitive adhesive composite on a release film; and continuously applying the photovoltaic pressure sensitive adhesive laminate on the support plate, in presence of vacuum atmosphere. Preferred Components: The release film lies on the support plate. A silicone resin, a polyurethane resin, or an acrylate resin is used as the polymerizable embedding composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrical insulating layer is designed as a soft silicone mat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic film is composed of silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid anhydride vulcanizer includes phthalic anhydride, methyl phthalic anhydride, tetra carboxyl acid anhydride, anhydrous norbornene acid, methyl anhydrous norbornene acid and their mixtures. The hardening accelerator includes ethyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide, butyltriphenylphosphoniumbromide, benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, dicyandiamide, adipic hydrazide and their mixtures. The solvent includes N-methyl pyrrolidine, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methoxy propyl acetate, gamma -butyrolactone, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl imidazole and diethyleneglycolmethylethylether. The composition further comprises a plasticizer, an UV-absorbing agent or a functional additive. The reinforced fiber glass has transmittance of 95%, and water vapor permeability of greater than 200.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 20-100 pts. wt. of a linear ladder-type silsesquioxane polymer, 50-120 pts. wt. of the acid anhydride vulcanizer, 0.01-10 pts. wt. of hardening accelerator and 20-200 pts. wt. of solvent relative to 100 wt. pts. of epoxy resin. The epoxy resin includes an alicyclic epoxy resin or an aromatic epoxy resin. The ladder-type silsesquioxane polymer has a structure of formula (I). The silsesquioxane polymer has a structure of formula (R44-m-Qp-Si-(OR5)m) (II) after hydrolysis and condensation reaction.Either R1-R3 = substituted aryl, mercapto group or epoxy; orR1+R2+R3 = epoxy or glycidoxy; andn = 1000-100000, where R1:R2 is 1:9-9:1 (preferably 4:6) and (R1+R2):R3 is 4:6-9:1 (preferably 6:4);R4 = hydrogen, 1-20C alkyl linked with aryl group, epoxy or organic group;R5 = 1-5C-alkyl, 3-10C-cycloalkyl, 6-12C-aryl, -OCR7 or -CR7=N-OH;R7 = 1-6C-alkyl;Q = 1-6C-alkylene or 1-6C-alkylene;m = 0-4; andp = 0 or 1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanowires is made of metal oxide such as zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, iron III oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum dioxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide, copper dioxide, lithium iron phosphate, cerium(IV) oxide, ruthenium(IV) oxide, lithium titanium oxide and lithium vanadium phosphorus oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacture of diblock copolymer particles having internal structure further includes injecting metal oxide precursor and converting into metal oxide. Preferred Composition: The metal oxide precursor chosen from metal chloride, metal alkoxide, metal alkanoate, metal salt of carboxylic acid, and organometallic complex compound containing aluminum, silicon, titanium, barium, zirconium, tin, tungsten, nickel, copper or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonsolvent includes toluene, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane and dodecane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon powder is conductive carbon black having specific surface area of more than 250 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The platinum precursor is chloroplatinic acid or platinum potassium chloride. The reducing agent is formaldehyde, formic acid, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride or ascorbic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte resin solution is Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) alcoholic solution or aqueous solution having concentration of 5-10 %mass. Preferred Process: The electrolyte solution is prepared by adding Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) to diluted isopropanol and subjecting to ultrasonic dispersion treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal thin foil includes molybdenum, tungsten, bismuth, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, barium, lanthanum, hafnium, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead and/or polonium. The chalcogen atom-containing gas includes sulfide, selenide, telluride, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide, hydrogen telluride, and their combinations. The substrate is made of silicon, silicon dioxide, germanium, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, gallium phosphide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, silicon carbide, aluminum trioxide, lithium aluminum trioxide, magnesium oxide, glass, quartz, sapphire, graphite, graphene and their combinations. Preferred Method: The metal thin film is formed by sputtering method, electronic beam evaporation method, thermal evaporation method, ion-beam cluster method and/or pulsed laser deposition method. The transfer method further comprises forming a polymer support layer in the chalcogenide thin-film film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer support layer includes polymethyl methacrylate polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinyl alcohol, PVC, polycarbonate, PTFE, benzyl meta-acrylate, thermal spalling tape and/or UV peeling tape. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The N,N-dihydroxy-alkyl acrylamide is N,N-di (hydroxymethyl) propylene amide, N, N-dihydroxyethyl acrylamide and/or N, N-dihydroxypropyl acrylamide. The solvent is methanol, ethanol and/or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass-to-volume ratio of iron(III) chloride hexahydrate solid and/or cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate solid, and secondary water is 1.3 g:10 ml. The mass ratio iron(III) chloride hexahydrate solid and cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate solid is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water is distilled deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titania powder is butyl titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The membrane has thickness of 10-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, an/or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Initiator is benzoyl peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile. Amount of initiator is 0.1-0.3 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Perfluorinated diene monomer contains greater than or equal to 1 sulfonic acid group and 2 carbon-carbon double bonds in which perfluorinated diene monomer is perfluoro-1,6-disulfonate-2,4-hexadiene and/or perfluoro-1,10-disulfonate-4,6-decadiene, and concentration in solution is 2-40 mass%. Perfluorinated monoolefin monomer contains greater than or equal to 1 sulfonic acid group and 1 carbon-carbon double bond with different molecular chain in which perfluorinated monoolefin monomer is perfluoro-3-sulfonate-1-propylene, perfluoro-4-sulfonate-1-butene, perfluoro-6-sulfonate-1-hexene, perfluoro-4-(sulfonate) butyl vinyl ether, perfluoro-5-(sulfonate) pentyl vinyl ether, and/or perfluoro-7-(sulfonate) heptyl vinyl ether, and concentration in solution is 2-50 mass%. Preferred Conditions: Heating temperature is 50-180 degrees C, and heating time is 15-3000 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The transition metal platinum, palladium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The medicinal fluid comprises cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The primary amine or secondary amine is arylamine, and the reaction is performed at 90-150 degrees C for 2-36 hours. The primary amine or secondary amine has a structure of formula (HNR1R2).R1, R2 = hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl optionally substituted with amine, or cycloalkyl or aryl optionally substituted with amine.Preferred Components: The dispersion solvent is water, N-methylpyrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethanol, methanol, hexane, heptane, ethyl acetate, carbon disulfides, benzene, toluene, o-dichlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid or formic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The organic electroluminescent device includes a first electrode, and a second electrode. The organic layer is laminated between the first and second electrodes, and includes a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole-transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron-transport layer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 92 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. N-(4-(4-(benzhydrylideneamino)phenyl)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)fluoren-2-amine of formula (Ia), N-(4-(4-(benzhydrylideneamino)phenyl)phenyl)-9,9-diphenyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)fluoren-2-amine, N-(4-(4-(benzhydrylideneamino)phenyl)phenyl)-N-(4-phenylphenyl)-9,9'-spirobi(fluorene)-2'-amine, 7-(benzhydrylideneamino)-N-(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)fluoren-2-amine, and 7-(benzhydrylideneamino)-N-(9,9-diphenylfluoren-2-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)fluoren-2-amine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indium precursor is butoxy, isopropoxy, indium, indium(III) nitrate pentahydrate and indium alkoxide including methanol, ethanol or isobutyl alcohol indium. The tin precursor is tin butoxy, propoxy tin, tin chloride and tin alkoxide comprising tin, tin alcohol or tetrabutyltin. The supercritical fluid is supercritical nitrogen or supercritical carbon dioxide with weight ratio of 1:400-1:10, preferably 1:100-1:10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The supercritical fluid is added to the blend at a pressure of 7-40 MPa, and is prepared by melt-blow spinning at a pressure of 7-40 MPa, and a melting speed of 10-2000 cm3/s. Preferred Components: The solvent is ethanol, butanol, isopropyl alcohol or acetylacetone. The sol-gel stable auxiliary agent is aqueous solution, diamine tetra acetate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, alcohol, acid or acetylacetone. The organic bonding agent is a surfactant, Tween-80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80), polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass substrate is slide glass, cover glass, glass wafer or optical fiber which is chosen from single mode fiber, multi mode fiber, graded index fiber and photonic crystal fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The metal layer is formed by sequentially laminating primary metal layer and secondary metal layer. Preferred Composition: The substrate is semiconductor substrate, glass substrate or elastic board. The semiconductor substrate comprises silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide and indium phosphide. The metal oxide is chosen from zinc oxide, zinc-magnesium oxide, cadmium-zinc oxide, zinc-beryllium oxide and zinc-magnesium-beryllium oxide. The sacrificial layer is photoresist layer. The primary metal layer comprises titanium or chromium. The secondary metal layer comprises platinum, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, copper, silver, gold, tin and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The elastic board is formed using natural rubber, synthetic rubber or polymer. The synthetic rubber is chosen from butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, polyurethane rubber and silicon-type rubber. The silicon-type rubber is polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anhydrous carbonate is anhydrous potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or anhydrous sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Dihydroxy benzidine, halogenated benzonitrile, anhydrous carbonates and aromatic organic solvent are mixed and heated at 100-200 degrees C for 5-40 hours, cooled, poured into water, filtered, solid portion is washed repeatedly with water, and dried in vacuum, to obtain bis(cyano-phenoxy)benzidine. The volume ratio of dihydroxy benzidine, halogenated benzonitrile and anhydrous carbonates is 1:1:1-1:1:5. The volume ratio of organic solvent and aromatic hydrocarbon is 1:1-1:8. The obtained compound is mixed with benzidine, heated to 50-100 degrees C for 10-60 hours, cooled, poured into water and filtration. The obtained solid portion is dissolved in alkaline solution, filtered, pH is adjusted to 1-4, suction-filtered, and dried in vacuum, to obtain bis(carboxy phenoxy)benzidine. The obtained compound is mixed with polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus pentoxide and o-diamino compound, reacted at 140-200 degrees C for 20-80 hours, cooled, poured into crushed ice, filtered, and solid portion is washed with alkaline solution and dried in vacuum, to obtain side chain-type imidazolyl benzdine (I) or (II). Preferred Components: The dihydroxy benzidine is 2,2'-dihydroxy benzidine or 3,3'-dihydroxy benzidine. The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, toluene or xylene. The halogenated benzonitrile is fluorophenyl fenpropathrin, fenpropathrin-fluorophenyl, o-fluorophenyl methyl cyanide, p-chlorophenyl cyanide, or o-dichlorobenzene fenpropathrin. The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, or triethylamine solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indium precursor is indium butoxy, indium isopropoxy, indium pentahydrate, indium nitrate or indium alkoxide. The indium alkoxide is methoxide, ethoxide or isopropoxide. The tin precursor is tin butoxide, tin propoxide, stannic chloride or tin alkoxide. The tin alkoxide is tin ethoxide, tin propoxide or tin n-butyloxide. The solvent is ethanol, butanol, isopropyl alcohol or acetylacetone. The sol-gel stable auxiliary agent is aqueous ammonia, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, trimethyl-ethoxy-ammonium-hydroxide, glycols, acid or acetylacetone. The surface active agent is Tween-80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80). The organic bonding agent is polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol. The supercritical fluid is supercritical nitrogen or supercritical carbon dioxide. The supercritical nitrogen fluid and carbon dioxide fluid have a temperature of 50-380 degrees C and a pressure of 7-40 MPa. The mass ratio of supercritical nitrogen fluid to the mixture is 1:400-1:10. The mass ratio of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid to the mixture is 1:100-1:10. The homogeneous body has a pressure difference of 7-40 MPa and melt speed rate of 10-2000 cm3/seconds. Preferred Method: The drying step is carried out at 100 degrees C. The calcining step is carried out at high temperature of 600-1000 degrees C for 5-25 hours. The cooling step is carried out to room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Carbon nanotube is added with 50-60 ml concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H2PtCl6.6H2O) is dissolved in ethanol solution with concentration of 0.0193 mol/L. Diffusion layer is coated by shaking 60% PTFE emulsion tube to disperse suspension, evenly coating titanium wire net base through brush, ensuring bubbles are not detected to ensure uniform coating, drying at 5-10 minutes, subjecting to preheated muffle furnace and performing heat treatment at 370 degrees C for 10-15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, repeating coating process for 4 times, and subjecting material to heat treatment on 4th time coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is composed of conductive carrier and ternary core-shell structure nano particles, and the amount of the catalyst metal is 20-40% of the total mass of the catalyst total weight. The atomic ratio of cobalt, ruthenium and platinum is 1-20:1-20:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spinning solution is selected from absolute ethyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyvinyl alcohol. The solvent is selected from acetone, dimethyl formamide, de-ionized water, and/or mixed solvents. The additive is glacial acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The carbon material is carbon nanotube, active carbon, graphite, carbon fiber, graphite powder, acetylene black, Super-P (RTM: Conductive carbon black), intermediate phase carbon microspheres or fullerene. The inorganic pore-forming agent is calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The ratio of the carbon material and binder is 80-99 %mass and 1-20 %mass, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The pore-forming agent is organic or inorganic pore-forming agent. The organic pore-forming agent is polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 200-10000, azo compound, sulfonyl hydrazide compound or nitroso compound. The dispersing agent is isopropyl alcohol, glycol, acetone or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The binder is polyfluorotetraethylene emulsion, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate or polymethacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic insulating film composition further contains 0.1-10 pts. wt. photoacid generator with respect to 100 pts. wt. binder resin. The photoacid generator is diazonium salt-type compound, phosphonium salt-type compound, sulfonium salt-type compound, iodonium salt-type compound, imide sulfonate group-containing compound, oxime sulfonate group-containing compound, diazodisulfone group-containing compound, and/or triazine-type compound, preferably 2,4-dioxo-3-azatricyclo(7.3.1.05,13)trideca-1(13),5,7,9,11-pentaen-3-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate or 1,3-dioxo-1H,2H,3H-naphtho(2,3-c)pyrrol-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The photosensitive binder resin has dispersion degree of 1-5, and average molecular weight of 500-50000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quaternary ammonium reagent is trimethylamine, ethylenediamine, triethylenediamine or benzyl trimethylamine. The inert gas is argon, helium and/or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material is polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface modifying component is preferably caprolactam. The organic solvent is 1-6C alcohol or acrylic/urethane blend. The alcohol is ethanol or isopropanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surface modifying component is chosen from saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acid, diketone, amino acid, polyethylene exide derivatives, lactone, lactam, acid amide, monoamine, and polyamines. The liquid coating is an acrylic paint.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface active agent is water-soluble ammonium salt or water-soluble block copolymer. The water soluble ammonium salt is of formula: R1-N+(R2)3.X- (I). The strong reducing agent is borane-ammonia complex, amino borane or sodium borohydride. The water-soluble iridium precursor is Iridium chloride or iridium compound (H2IrCl60). The weak reducing agent is formic acid, alkali metal formate salt, citric acid, alkali metal citrate, ascorbic acid, alkali metal ascorbate, glucose, ethylene glycol or hydrazine hydrate. The water-soluble platinum precursor is sulfate and/or nitrate of platinum. The content of surface active agent is 0.2-1 wt.%. The concentration of iridium precursor is 0.5-5 mmol/L. The ratio of strong reducing agent and iridium substance is 30:1-50.R1=4-18C group;R2=1-8C group;andX=halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble block copolymer is Pluronic F127 (RTM: 2-methyloxirane) or Pluronic 123 (RTM: amphiphilic triblock copolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of solid oxide fuel cell cathode material comprises (a) pre-processing analytically pure lanthanum oxide, strontium carbonate, ferric oxide and copper oxide by heating lanthanum oxide at 850-950 degrees C, maintaining the temperature for 60-90 minutes, and heating the remaining raw materials at 300-400 degrees C, and maintaining the temperature for 90-150 minutes, (b) completely mixing the raw materials, grinding, calcining in a microwave sintering furnace, heating to 300-350 degrees C at a rate of 4-6 degrees C/minute, maintaining the temperature for 10-30 minutes, heating to 800-900 degrees C at rate of 8-12 degrees C/minute, maintaining the temperature for 20-40 minutes, at last heating to 1050-1150 degrees C at a rate of 10-12 degrees C/minute, maintaining the temperature for 20-40 minutes, cooling along with the furnace to obtain powder having perovskite structure, and (c) mixing the powder for 120-150 minutes, adding polyvinyl alcohol, press forming using a binding agent, nipping pressed sample between two porcelain plates with a thickness of 3-5 mm, placing into microwave sintering furnace, raising the temperature to 500-650 degrees C and maintaining for 10-30 minutes, and heating to 1150-1250 degrees C, retaining temperature for 90-150 minutes. Preferred Components: The amount of polyvinyl alcohol added is 8- 12% of the pre-calcined powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The squaraine polytriazole is of formula (I). The diazido monomer is of formula: NN+-N-R1-N-N+N. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, ethanol and/or water. The catalyst is copper catalyst, preferably copper iodide, copper sulfate, or bromo-tris-(triphenylphosphine)copper(I).R=benzene, pyridine, fluorene, carbazole, azo dye, thiophene, benzothiazole, or their derivatives;R'=squarylium or its derivative;A=terminated monomer;B'=monomer or end-capping;R-1=alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl;andx:y=2:1-1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of aromatic dihalide and aromatic dihydric phenol is 1:1. The molar ratio of aromatic dihydric phenol (II) and aromatic dihydric phenol (III) is 1:1-10. The molar ratio of aromatic dicarboxylic aromatic halides (I) and aromatic dicarboxylic aromatic halides (III) is 1:0.8-0.98. The aprotic polar organic solvents are dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide and/or N,N-dimethylformamide. The aromatic dihalide monomers of formula (I). The aromatic diphenol monomer is 4-(9-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-9H-fluoren-9-yl)phenol or of formula (II). The aromatic dihydric phenol is of formula (III). The concentration of methanol aqueous solution is 50 wt.%. The halogenated hydrocarbon organic solvent is dichloroethane, chloroform or tetrachloroethane.X=Cl or F;Y'=-O- or -C(-CH3)2-;andZ=-C(=O)-, -S(=O)2- or -C(-CF3)2-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The metal-reducing bacteria is Shewanella type bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The irradiation process is performed using an electronic beam, a gamma -ray or X-ray for 1 second to 1 hour, where the color of the extracted extracellular polymer is diversified from white to yellow, the shape of the extracted extracellular polymer is diversified from the fibrous to the particulate during the irradiating process, reducing the surface area of the extracted extracellular polymer to 90% and the extracted extracellular polymer is diversified to the thermo-sensitivity and moisture feeling response material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The organic electric device further has primary electrode and secondary electrode. The organic layer comprises light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole-transport layer, electron injection layer and electron-transport layer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 111 4-Naphthalen-1-yl-7H-benzo(c)fluorine derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. 6-(4,6-diphenylnaphthalen-1-yl)-11,11-dimethyl-14-phenyltetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.012,17)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,12(17),13,15-octaene of formula (Ia), 6-(4,6-diphenylnaphthalen-1-yl)-11,11-dimethyl-14-(naphthalen-2-yl)tetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.012,17)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,12(17),13,15-octaene, 6-(4,6-diphenylnaphthalen-1-yl)-11,11-dimethyl-14-(naphthalen-1-yl)tetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.012,17)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,12(17),13,15-octaene, 14-(anthracen-1-yl)-6-(4,6-diphenylnaphthalen-1-yl)-11,11-dimethyltetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.012,17)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,12(17),13,15-octaene and 11,11-dimethyl-14-phenyl-6-(7-phenyl-4-(14-phenyltetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.012,17)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,12(17),13,15-octaen-6-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)tetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.012,17)heptadeca-1(10),2(7),3,5,8,12(17),13,15-octaene.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 26 compounds (I) is specifically claimed e.g. N3,N3,N6,N6,9,10-hexakis-phenylphenanthrene-3,6-diamine of formula (Ia), N3,N6-bis(1-naphthyl)-N3,N6,9,10-tetraphenyl-phenanthrene-3,6-diamine, N3,N6-bis(2-naphthyl)-N3,N6,9,10-tetraphenyl-phenanthrene-3,6-diamine, N3,N6,9,10-tetraphenyl-N3,N6-bis(4-phenylphenyl)phenanthrene-3,6-diamine, and N3,N6-bis(9,9-dimethylfluoren-3-yl)-N3,N6,9,10-tetraphenyl-phenanthrene-3,6-diamine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) involves mixing ferric chloride catalyst, 1 equivalent 9,9'-spirobifluorene and 4.3 equivalents bromine and reacting at room temperature to obtain reaction intermediate 2,2',7,7'-tetrabromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene, mixing the intermediate with 4.3 equivalents fluorine or trifluoromethyl-substituted phenyl boronic acid and carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction in presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine palladium)palladium(0) catalyst to obtain target product. Preferred Method: Suzuki coupling reaction is carried under nitrogen atmosphere by adding 0.2 equivalent catalyst, 1 equivalent 2,2',7,7'-tetrabromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene and 4.3 equivalents fluorine or trifluoromethyl-substituted phenyl boronic acid. The preparation of 2,2',7,7'-tetrabromo-9,9'-spirobifluorene involves adding 1 equivalent 9,9'-spirobifluorene and chloroform to anhydrous ferric chloride solution at 0 degrees C, then adding 4.3 equivalents of bromine in chloroform solution by dropwise manner and allowing to react for 24 hours, removing the remaining bromine by saturated sodium thiosulfate solution, washing the reaction solution with water, drying the organic phase over anhydrous sodium sulfate, rotary evaporating the solution to remove solvent to obtain crude product and recrystallizing by using chloroform and ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate contains metal oxide, mixed metal oxide and/or semiconductor polymer. The metal is chosen from aluminum, titanium, silicon, zinc, copper and/or tin. The metal oxide is alumina, titania or silica. The mixed metal oxide is indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nucleophilic group is hydroxyl group. The initiation group is thienyl group, anilino group, pyrrolyl group, pyridyl group, phenyl group, naphthyl group and/or furyl group. The electrophilic group is alkyl halide, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, phosphate group, halogenated silyl group, ester group and/or silane group. Preferred Process: The conjugated polymer is formed on base-material surface using initiator having cyclopentadiene-containing structure of formula (I) or (II).A'=-Si(-OR1)(-OR3)-OR2;R1-R3=1-4C alkyl;R4-R8=H, 1-12C alkyl or carboxy;andn=0-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymerization reaction is solution polymerization or electrochemical oxidative polymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The organic layers are formed by performing a solution process of (I), and comprise a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole-transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron-transport layer. (I) is used as a hole transport layer material. The organic electroluminescence device further comprises a first electrode, and a second electrode. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 180 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. 4-(6,6-dimethylindolo(2,1-a)isoindol-2-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-aniline of formula (Ia), N-(4-(6,6-dimethylindolo(2,1-a)isoindol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-naphthalen-1-amine, N-(4-(6,6-dimethylindolo(2,1-a)isoindol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-naphthalen-2-amine, 4-(6,6-dimethylindolo(2,1-a)isoindol-2-yl)-N-phenyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)aniline, and N-(4-(6,6-dimethylindolo(2,1-a)isoindol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-pyridin-3-amine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises performing Stille coupling reaction of 1,4,7-trithia-trindene based organotin compounds of formula (XII) with halide compounds of formula (X-L) in presence of a catalyst.R7 = methyl, n-butyl or tert-butyl; andL = I or Br.Preferred Components: The catalyst is palladium catalyst or mixture of palladium catalyst and ligand. Preferred Definitions:    A1 = benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4,7-diyl, 5-fluorobenzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4,7-diyl, 5-trifluoromethylbenzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4,7-diyl, (1,2,5)thiadiazolo(3,4-c)pyridin-4,7-diyl, tricyclic fused benzothiadiazole moiety of formula (X), thieno(3,4-c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole moiety of formula (XI), 3-fluoro-2-octyloxycarbonylthieno(2,3-c)thiophen-4,6-diyl, 5-octyl-4H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dion-1,3-diyl or 2,5-dioctylpyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dion-3,6-diyl;    A2 = 2,2-dicyanovinyl, 3-octyloxy-2-cyano-3-oxoprop-1-enyl, (3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl; and    X = 5-(7-(3,5'-dihexyl-(2,2')bithiophenyl-5-yl)-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4-yl)-3-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl, 3-hexyl-5-(7-(4-hexyl-5-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl, 5-(2,5-dioctyl -4-(5'-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-1-yl)-3-methylthiophen-2-yl, 5'-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)-4,4'-dihexyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl, (2-cyano-3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl or 5'-((3-ethyl-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)-4,4'-dihexyl-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A bromine-containing compound of formula (IIa) and phenylmethanol compound of formula (IIb) are reacted by Suzuki coupling reaction, to obtain aromatic compound (I). Preferred Definitions:    Q=phenanthrene, indole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, quinoline, carbazole including 1-4 nitrogen atom or acridine.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 86 Aromatic compounds are specifically claimed e.g. 3'-azaspiro(fluorene-9,21'-pentacyclo(12.7.0.02,7.08,13.015,20)henicosane)-2',4',6',8',10',12',15'(20'),16',18'-nonaene of formula (I-a), 2,7-diphenyl-3'-azaspiro(fluorene-9,21'-pentacyclo(12.7.0.02,7.08,13.015,20)henicosane)-2',4',6',8',10',12',15'(20'),16',18'-nonaene, 3'-azaspiro(benzo(b)fluorene-5,21'-pentacyclo(12.7.0.02,7.08,13.015,20)henicosane)-2',4',6',8',10',12',15'(20'),16',18'-nonaene, 2-(4-phenylphenyl)-3'-azaspiro(fluorene-9,21'-pentacyclo(12.7.0.02,7.08,13.015,20)henicosane)-2',4',6',8',10',12',15'(20'),16',18'-nonaene and 2-(4-(1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-3'-azaspiro(fluorene-9,21'-pentacyclo(12.7.0.02,7.08,13.015,20)henicosane)-2',4',6',8',10',12',15'(20'),16',18'-nonaene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is silicon plate, glass plate, plastic plate, metal plate or ceramic plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene is a single layer graphene, graphite, bilayer graphene and/or 3-50 thin layer of graphite. The graphene derivative is graphene oxide, sulfurized graphene, hydroxylated graphite, carboxylated graphite and/or sulfonated graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sulfonated polymer comprises perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polyether sulfone, sulfonated polyethylene sulfone, sulfonated polybenzimidazole, sulfonated polyimide, sulfonated polystyrene, sulfonated polytrifluorostyrene, sulfonated poly(4-phenoxy benzoyl-1,4-phenylene), sulfonated polyphenylene, sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide and/or sulfonated polyphenylene oxide. The total content of sulfonated polymer and graphene and/or graphene derivative is 90-99.99 %mass. Preferred Properties: The thickness of ion exchange membrane is 10-500 mu m. The ion-exchange capacity of the sulfonated polymer is 0.1-5 mmolg-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide precursor solution is a sol-gel solution prepared by mixing the metal oxide precursor and the solvent, where the metal oxide precursor is ethoxide, proroxide, isopropoxide, hydroxide, butoxide, nitrate, chloride, acetate, perchlorate or acetylacetone, and the diameter of catalyst particles and metal oxide precursor particles are 10-100 nm. The solvent is methanol, ethanol, 1,2-propanol, 1,2-butanol or 2-methoxyethanol. The catalyst solution is nitric acid, ethanol, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide or water. The substrate is silicon substrate, silicon dioxide substrate, flexible polymer substrate or a device structure, where the temperature of the substrate is 120-300 degrees C. Preferred Method: The metal oxide particles are sprayed using an electrostatic spray method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-producing microbial electrolytic cell comprises anode made of carbon felt as bio-based materials, cathode made of acetylene carbon black, and 0.5 mg/cm2 platinum as catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The domestication process includes a solution containing 1 g sodium acetate, 0.31 g ammonium chloride, 0.52 g potassium chloride, 13.44 g sodium bicarbonate, 2.22 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 9.20 g disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, 25 ml nutrient solution, 50 ml vitamin solution and remainder of distilled water. The nutrients per liter contain 2.3 g EDTA, 6.15 g epsomite, 0.5 g manganese sulfate monohydrate, 1 g sodium chloride, 0.1 g Mohr's salt, 0.076 g calcium chloride, 0.1 g cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 0.13 g zinc chloride, 0.01 g cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 0.01 g potash alum, 0.01g boric acid, 0.022 g ammonium heptamolybdate, 0.024 g nickel chloride hexahydrate and 0.025g sodium tungstate dihydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal is iron, manganese, copper, cobalt or nickel. Preferred Process: The pretreatment of high-purity graphite is performed by mixing graphite and 6 mol/L nitric acid at room temperature, such that solid-liquid ratio is 1:60, reacted for 12 hours and washed with deionized water until the pH of the water is 7. Preferred Property: The purity of high-purity graphite is 99.99%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The deacetylation degree and molecular weight of chitosan is more than or equal to 90% and 1x 105-3x 105.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Pt-Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer)/C catalyst comprises 1-5 wt.% Pt, 5-20 wt.% Nafion polymer and 75-94 wt.% C. The oxidizing agent solution is nitric acid, sulfuric acid and/or potassium permanganate. The carbon carrier is XC-72R, BP2000, acetylene black, coconut shell charcoal, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and/or graphite. The ratio of carbon carrier to oxidant is 1:1-1:12. The final concentration of precursor salt solution is 5-15 M. The concentration of Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) is 0.1-10 wt.%. The volume ratio of ethylene glycol to water is 1:1-1:10. The concentration of functional carbon carrier with ethylene glycol/water is 0.5-5 M.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oil phase, surfactant and surface active agent are preferably cyclohexane, benzene sulfonate and isobutyl alcohol. The content of cyclohexane, benzene sulfonate and isobutyl alcohol are 5 ml, 5 g and 3 ml, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The air cathode is platinum carbon paper, the anode is nitric acid modified carbon felt, and the cathode is a layer of cation exchange membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The LB culture medium comprises tryptone, 5g/l yeast extract, 20 g sodium chloride, 50mmol phosphate buffered saline buffer solution and a small amount of vitamin and trace elements. The electron donor is lactic acid salt, and glucose, the phosphate buffered saline buffer solution comprises pyruvic acid and formate is 0.31 g.L-1 ammonium chloride, 2.452 g.L-1 monobasic sodium phosphate, 4.576 g.L-1 disodium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.13 g.L-1 potassium chloride, pH value of 7.0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The organic electroluminescent devices further comprise a first electrode and a second electrode laminated with the organic layer. The organic layer includes a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The organic layer is formed using a solution process. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 264 Compounds of (I) are specifically claimed e.g. 4-(4-(1,4-benzoxazin-4-yl)phenyl)-N,N-diphenyl-aniline of formula (Q), N-(4-(4-(1,4-benzoxazin-4-yl)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-7,8-dihydronaphthalen-1-amine, N-(4-(4-(1,4-benzoxazin-4-yl)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-naphthalen-2-amine, N-(4-(4-(1,4-benzoxazin-4-yl)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-pyridin-2-amine, and N-(4-(4-(1,4-benzoxazin-4-yl)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-4-((E)-prop-1-enyl)aniline.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The micro or nanoparticles are organic polymer particles, inorganic material particles, composite material particles, cathode or anode material particles of lithium batteries or storage batteries, electrolyte material particles, diaphragm material particles, solar light-absorbing material particles, and/or photovoltaic material particles. The inorganic material particles contain silica, gold, silver, copper, iron, their alloys, their oxides, their salts, their compounds, and/or their nanocomposite powder. The micro or nanoparticles have a particle diameter of 405-520 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymer particles contain sodium phosphate dodecahydrate, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, and/or styrene-based block copolymer. The nanofibers contain conductive elements, conducting polymer, composite of conductive element and conductive polymer, carbon nanotube-conductive polymer composite, graphene-conductive polymer composite, and/or carbon nanotubes. The main components of nanofibers are polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and/or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), preferably polyvinyl acetate and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Properties: The knots have a diameter of 300 nm to 1 micron, and the distance between two knots is 100 nm to 10 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst active metal includes cerium, zirconium, and cobalt metals. The alkaline condition is maintained by adding sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen filter device is provided with a glass tube. A rubber tube is arranged at two ends of the container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flexible printed circuit board is formed on a motherboard with metallic component selected from nickel, titanium and aluminum. The flexible printed circuit board is formed on silicon substrate and glass substrate including silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive film is made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyimide, polycarbonate (PC), polybenzyl imidazole (polybenzimidazol), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (polyurethene), polyaniline, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylchloride (PVC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The moisture content in the lithium iodide solution and hydrous lithium iodide is removed by mixing alcohol with lithium iodide through azeotropic distillation and is dried. The alcohol component remaining in the mixture is reused. The drying process is carried out under reduced pressure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent having miscibility with water is 1-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Secondary amine-containing aryl substituted compound and phenyl boronic acid bromide are subjected to amination reaction. The obtained tertiary amine compound and 1,5-dibromo-anthracene are initially subjected to Suzuki coupling reaction. The resultant anthracene derivative reacts with aryl-substituted acid, and further Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out to obtain asymmetric anthracene derivative (I). Preferred Definitions:    Ar1,Ar2=20 groups e.g. groups of formulae (i)-(ix);and    Ar3=60 groups e.g. groups of formulae (x)-(xiv).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 12 Asymmetric anthracene derivatives (I) e.g. biphenyl-4-yl-(4-(5-biphenyl-4-yl-anthracen-1-yl)-phenyl)-phenyl-amine of formula (IA), (4-(5-biphenyl-4-yl-anthracen-1-yl)-phenyl)-di-naphthalen-1-yl-amine, (4-(5-biphenyl-4-yl-anthracen-1-yl)-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl-naphthalen-1-yl-amine, (3-(5-biphenyl-3-yl-anthracen-1-yl)-phenyl)-di-m-tolyl-amine and (3-(5-(3-naphthalen-2-yl-phenyl)-anthracen-1-yl)-phenyl)-di-m-tolyl-amine are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidized graphite alkene is chosen from the group consisting of graphite. The raw material of reductive graphene oxide is graphene oxide sol or graphene oxide film. Addition amount of ammonia water is 1-20 wt.%, preferably 5-10 wt.%. Addition amount of zinc powder is 5-30 mg, preferably 5-10 mg. Preferred Process: The graphene is prepared by preparing graphite oxide powder into graphene oxide sol, adding ammonia water, carrying out dispersing, adding zinc powder to perform reduction reaction during the dispersion process, and washing to obtain graphene. Preferred Parameters: Zinc powder particle size is 0.1-5 mu m, preferably 0.2-2 mu m. Concentration of diluted acid is less than or equal to 5 mol/L, preferably 2-3 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sodium hydroxide is 1-3 %mass. Dilute hydrochloric acid comprises hydrochloric acid and water in a volume ratio of 1:1. Hydrofluoric acid comprises hydrofluoric acid and water in a volume ratio of 1:3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of ethanol is 5-10 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The photovoltaic ribbon has thickness of 20-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal comprises bismuth and/or tin. The metal complex is of formula (MLm) (II).M = metal;L = ligand; andm = 1-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprises an unsubstituted and partially fluorinated or perfluorinated organic carboxylic acid, preferably unsubstituted and partially fluorinated or perfluorinated acetic acid. Preferred Definitions:    R3 = heteroaryl moieties of formula (Ia)-(Ic); and    Y1-Y7 = C-F, C-CF3, C-NO2, C-CN, C-halo, C-pseudohalo or N.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The purification process is repeated for 7-13 times. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon layer has a thickness of 1-10 nm. The metal salt is a water-soluble molybdenum, and/or gold or silver nitrate compound, preferably chloroplatinic acid, chloroplatinic acid, chloroauric acid or silver nitrate. The inert gas is nitrogen or argon gas. Preferred Method: The photo-chemical reaction is carried out in solar radiation or artificial light source. The pyrolysis temperature is 400-1500 degrees C, preferably 600-900 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyamic acid solution (A) is obtained by reacting aromatic tetracarboxylic acid and aromatic diamine having benzoxazole structure, preferably reacting 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic diamine. A coupling process layer (2) is formed during patterning process using coupling agent and portion of coupling process layer is subjected to inactivation process, to form pattern. The inactivation process is carried out by performing blasting, vacuum plasma processing, atmospheric pressure plasma processing, corona treatment, actinic radiation irradiation treatment, activated gas process, ultraviolet-irradiation process, ozone treatment and a chemical solution process, preferably ultraviolet-irradiation process. The polyimide film is a film obtained by reacting aromatic diamine having benzoxazole structure and tetracarboxylic acid as polyimide film. Preferred Component: The polyimide laminate has interface between outermost layer which does not have lubricating agent of initial period laminate, and layer containing lubricating agent. Preferred Property: The 180 degrees peeling strength between support and polyimide laminate in easy separation portion is 1/2 or less with respect to 180 degrees peeling strength between support and polyimide laminate in favorable adhesion portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises at lease one water ethanol or acetone. The amount of cyanamide added in step (ii) is 100-2000%. Preferred Method: Graphite oxide is produced by oxidizing graphite using strong acid or oxidizing agent. The peeling is performed using the ultrasonic irradiation or stirring. The refluxing is performed for more than 96 hours. The method further comprises recovery the carbon nitride-graphene complex after step (ii). The recovery step includes cooling, filtering, washing and drying steps. The drying is pre-drying in air after drying under vacuum. Carbon nitride and graphene are individually dispersed. EXAMPLE - 500 mg Graphite oxide and 167 ml water were added into 250 ml round bottom flask, stirred using stirring bar and graphene oxide dispersion solution was prepared using ultrasonic cleaner. Then 9.042 g cyanamide was added and preheated in oil bath at 130-140 degrees C and refluxed for 96 hours to obtain carbon nitride-graphene complex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Mixed gas flow ratio of argon and hydrogen is 6:2. The high pure argon gas is more than 99.999%. Preferred Components: The substrate is a common glass, quartz glass or silicon sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor includes titanium oxide particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer spinning solution is a mixture of polystyrene and dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base is silicon-containing base.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The manganese compound gas is chosen from cyclopentadienyl-type manganese compound gas, carbonyl-type manganese-compound gas, beta -diketone-type manganese compound gas, amide-amino alkane-type manganese compound gas and amidinate-type manganese compound gas. The cyclopentadienyl-type manganese compound is of formula: Mn(RC5H4) 2. The carbonyl-type manganese-compound gas is chosen from decadicarbonyl manganese gas, methylcyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl manganese gas, cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl manganese gas, methyl pentacarbonyl manganese gas and t-butyl tetracarbonyl manganese gas of formula: 3-(t-BuAllyl)Mn(CO) 4. The beta -diketone-type manganese compound gas is chosen from bis(dipivaloylmethanato)manganese gas, tris(dipivaloylmethanato)manganese gas, bis(pentanedione)manganese gas, tris(pentanedione)manganese gas, bis(hexafluoroacetyl)manganese gas and tris(hexafluoroacetyl)manganese gas. The amidinate-type manganese compound gas is a manganese compound gas of formula: Mn(R1N-CR3-NR2)2. The amide-amino alkane-type manganese compound gas is of formula: Mn(R1N-Z-NR2). The reaction gas-containing nitrogen is chosen from ammonia gas, hydrazine gas, amine gas of formula: NR'1R'2R'3 and hydrazine derivative gas of formula: R'1R'2NNR'3R'4. The amine gas is chosen from methylamine gas, ethylamine gas, dimethylamine gas and trimethylamine gas. The hydrazine derivative gas is chosen from methylhydrazine gas, dimethylhydrazine gas and trimethylhydrazine gas.R,R1,R2,Z=-CnH2n;n=0 or more;andR'1-R'-4=hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass contains silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, lithium and sodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The phosphorus compound (B) is chosen from phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorus acid, phosphonic acid and their derivatives. The multilayer structure has two or more barrier layers, and further contains inorganic vapor deposition layer(s) and acrylic resin layer(s). The multilayer structure has water vapor transmission rate of 0.005 g/(m2.day) or less at 40 degrees C under relative humidity of 90%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide (A) is a hydrolysis-condensation product of compound (L) containing a metal atom in which characteristic group is hydrolyzed. The compound (L) is of formula: AlX1mR1(3-m) (I).X1=fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, R2O-, R3C(=O)O-, (R4C(=O))2CH- or NO3;R1-R4=alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or alkenyl;andm=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper containing compound is copper (II) chloride dehydrate. The zinc containing compound is zinc chloride. The tin containing compound is tin(II) chloride dehydrate. The sulfur containing compound is thioacetamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode comprises an electrolyte layer that is made of nickel oxide-yttria stabilized zirconia/scandia stabilized zirconia composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volatile organic solvent comprises aromatic hydrocarbon compound chosen from toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, and mesitylene. The compound (A) is chosen from compound of formula (I)-(V), and has tricyclodecane structure, cyclohexyl structure or terpene structure. The curable compound is chosen from (meth)acrylate monomer, unsaturated polyester resin, polyester (meth)acrylate resin, epoxy (meth)acrylate resin and urethane (meth)acrylate resin.A=group of formula (i) or (ii);X1=group of formula: -CH2-O-C(=O)-C(-R)=;X2=group of formula: -CH2-O-C(=O)-C(-R)= or H;andR=H or CH3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active energy ray hardening-type adhesive composition further contains 0.1-20 wt.% radical photopolymerization initiator (F). The component (A) is a reaction material of diol having polyether skeleton, polyester frame or polycarbonate skeleton, organic diisocyanate, and hydroxyl-group containing (meth)acrylate. The component (B) is hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate. The component (C) is acrylamide compound, carbitol (meth)acrylate having 1-12C alkyl group, and/or (meth)acrylate having alicyclic structure. Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of component (A) is 3000-40000. Preferred Condition: The heating temperature is 30-120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer component further comprises aromatic vinyl compound, which is styrene. The compound including ethylenic double bond and epoxy group in a molecule is glycidyl (meth)acrylate.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 184 Anthracene compounds are claimed e.g. 9-phenyl-10-(4-((E)-2-(4-phenylphenyl)ethenyl)phenyl)anthracene of formula (Ia), 9-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-(4-((E)-2-(4-phenylphenyl)ethenyl)phenyl)anthracene, 9-(naphthalen-2-yl)-10-(4-((E)-2-(4-phenylphenyl)ethenyl)phenyl)anthracene, 9-(4-phenylphenyl)-10-(4-((E)-2-(4-phenylphenyl)ethenyl)phenyl)anthracene and 9-(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-10-(4-((E)-2-(4-phenylphenyl)ethenyl)phenyl)anthracene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of silver nitrate in the mixed solution of silver nitrate and aqueous hydrofluoric acid is 0.01-0.5 M. The concentration of nitric acid solution is 40-70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The light beam shaping and focusing element comprises a beam shaper, a spatial filter, a beam expander and a focusing optical element. The control system is meant for determining desired laser energy density, pulse width, laser wavelength and scanning speed according to the size and type of the polymer film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer film is polythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline or polymer derivative. Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises (ia) placing the polymer film in a sealed cavity of the optical transparent window, (ib) drawing the air until the vacuum degree reaches to preset value using in the sealed cavity of the optical transparent window, and (ic) filling the sample chamber with inert protective gas. The preset vacuum degree is 10-5-10-2 Pa. The step (i) further comprises filling of the sealed cavity with an inert gas or its mixture, where the auxiliary gas is nitrogen, helium, neon and/or argon. The pulse width range of the pulse laser beam output from the laser is femtoseconds to milliseconds, the laser output frequency is 0.1-100 KHz range and the single pulse energy of the laser output is 0.1 -1000J. The width of the linear light spot after pulse laser beam shaping and focusing is 10 mu m to 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of catalyst comprises coating the monolith support with the second oxide, coating buffer layer made of first oxide including zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide on the support by heating and laminating the metal layer laminated on the monolith support. Preferred Method: The buffer layer is coated with metal catalyst slurry by heating. A temperature in the heating step is greater than a temperature of slurry for coating the buffer layer. Preferred Components: The monolith support is silica-based support or magnesium-aluminum composite support. The second oxide is alumina. A weight ratio of alumina to cerium oxide is 2:8- 4:6. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The buffer layer contains less than or equal to 10 atm.% of oxygen, less than or equal to 10 atm.% of copper, sodium, and chlorine. The chalcogenide semiconductor comprises copper-zinc-tin-chalcogenide, copper indium gallium chalcogenide, copper indium gallium (di)selenide, copper indium disulfide, copper indium gallium selenide, and copper indium gallium disulfoselenide. A mole fraction of sodium and chlorine in the buffer layer a sloping gradient.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The device is capable of releasing stored energy in the form of electric energy. The absorbed energy is electric energy, electromagnetic radiation, and/or nuclear radiation, preferably electric energy from a renewable resource. The electromagnet radiation is visible light, UV, infrared, micro-wave and/or x-ray. The chemical energy cache is in the liquid or solid state, preferably a molten salt or a molten salt hydrate. The chemical energy cache stores absorbed energy under conversion of a metal cation to a metal cation having a lower positive charge, or to a metal atom, preferably to a liquid metal. The chemical energy cache electro-catalytically transfers absorbed energy to a reactant, to catalyze conversion of the reactant to a reaction product.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactant is water and/or carbon dioxide, and the reaction product comprises hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide are reacted in situ or ex situ to form a hydrocarbon fuel. The reactant carbon dioxide is: obtained from combustion of biomass or a fossil fuel; or obtained using an adsorbent to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and subsequently desorbing carbon dioxide from the adsorbent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon fuel includes methane, 1-6C alcohols and/or liquid Fischer-Tropsch reaction products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The formed primary film is the polyolefin microporous film. The polyolefin microporous film is a laminated material, and the hole forming material comprises plasticizer, or plasticizer and inorganic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The cast polycrystalline silicon sheet has average thickness of 50-400 mu m and length-to-width of 1-10. Preferred Composition: The abrading media comprises a grit comprising vitreous silica, silicon, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and quartz, and has average diameter of 1-200 mu m. The carrier is a liquid or a gas. The chemically-etching the abraded surface of the cast polycrystalline silicon sheet involves contacting the abraded surface with a etching solution (a), a etching solution (b), and a etching solution (c). The etching solution (a) comprises nitric acid and water in volume ratio of 60:1:20-80:10:30 or sodium hydroxide and sodium oxychloride in volume ratio of 1:3-3:1. The etching solution (b) comprises hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in volume ratio of 1:99-5:95. The etching solution (c) comprises buffering agent and hydrofluoric acid in volume ratio of 3:1-9:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support comprises carbon and carbon-oxide composite, preferably titanium dioxide carbon composite, tungsten trioxide composite or tin dioxide composite. The molar ratio between: the transition metal and chalcogen is 0.001:1, preferably 0.5:0.7; the platinum and selenium is 0.5:0.7, preferably 0.1:0.3; and the platinum and sulfur is 0.5:0.7, preferably 0.1:0.3. The metal center further comprises a supported or unsupported metal comprising gold, titanium (preferred), tin, cobalt, nickel, iron or chromium. The working electrode comprises a metal comprising gold, titanium (both preferred), tin, cobalt, nickel, iron or chromium. The inorganic compound comprises oxides and salts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solution is an acid solution, preferably sulfuric acid. The electrochemical cell comprises methanol at a molar concentration of 0.1-20 M, preferably 0.5-5 M. The oxidation potential is 1-1.2 V. The catalyst nanoparticle has a size of 1-10 nm, preferably 2-3 nm. The ratio between water and isopropanol is 3/1:7/1, preferably 5/1. EXAMPLE - 1 mole of Sodium hexachloroplatinate and 6 moles of sodium acetate were mixed, under nitrogen atmosphere for 30 minutes. The reaction was then activated for 15 minutes with 55 degrees C in the presence of carbon monoxide under agitation to obtain a platinum-carbonyl complex, after 24 hours. Carbon was then added to the complex and agitated for 12 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was heated at 80 degrees C to evaporate solvent, washed and filtered with water to obtain platinum-carbonyl powder. 3.8 mg of Selenium dioxide in 30 ml of aqueous isopropanol solution was mixed with the powder, and agitated for 12 hours. The resulting powder was heated with 200 degrees C for 1 hour under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain platinum supported catalyst nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The released material is indium gallium nitride. The metal layers are made of copper, aluminum, titanium or tungsten. The support substrate is a silicon substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass paste further contains fire-resistant filler. The nonlead glass contains 20-50 mol%, preferably 20-37 mol% phosphorus pentoxide, 30-70 mol%, preferably 59-69 mol% tin oxide, 0-15 mol%, preferably 2-7 mol% zinc oxide, 0-25 mol% alkali-metal oxide (R2O), 0-15 mol% boron trioxide and 0-2 mol% alumina.R=Li, Na or K.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is ester solvent and/or glycol-ether solvent, preferably acetyl triethyl citrate, propylene glycol diacetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl carbitol acetate, triacetin, dimethyl adipate, ethyl benzoate, propylene glycol mono phenyl ether, and/or triethyleneglycol dimethyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin is polyalkylene carbonate. The polyalkylene carbonate is polyethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, and/or copolymer including ethylene carbonate unit and propylene-carbonate unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The siloxane compound (A) is obtained by hydrosilylating a cyclosiloxane compound of formula (I) and compound chosen from organic compounds of formulae: CH2-CH-Si(-R4)(-R5)-(O-Si(-R6)(-R7))c-CH=CH2 (II), (CH2=CH-(Si(-R8)(-R9)-O)d)3-Si-R10 (III) or of formulae (IV)-(VII).R1-R10,R14-R16=1-4C alkyl or 6-10C aryl;a=3-6;b=0-3;a+b=3-6;c=0-2;d= 0 or 1;R11,R12=1-4C alkyl;e,f,g=1 or 2;andR13=1-4C alkyl, 6-10C aryl, glycidyl or allyl.Preferred Compound: The siloxane compound (B) is cyclosiloxane compound of formula (VIII).h=2-6;j=0-4;andh+j=3-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal is sodium. The alkali metal compound is a compound containing sulfur, preferably sodium lauryl sulfate. Preferred Property: The magnitude of aggregated phase of the alkali metal is less than 200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The maximum value (ymax in nm) and minimum value (ymin in nm) of average particle diameter of the silica particles which forms the structure, satisfies relations: ymax=0.2100x+10.552 (i), and ymin=0.1782x-22.293 (ii), where x is peak wavelength of reflected wave type at the time of blackening the back surface of base material. The abundance-ratio of number of silica particles of secondary layer with respect to number of silica particles of primary layer is 10-90%. The distance (H1) from base material to upper end of primary layer particles, and distance (H2) from the base material to upper end of secondary layer particles satisfies relation: 1.5 less than or equal to H2/H1 less than or equal to 2.1 (iii). The variation coefficient of particle size distribution of silica particles is 35% or less. The reflected wave form has minimum value of reflectance of 0.8% or less and exists in peak position of 400-800 area, at time of blackening back surface of base material. The difference between haze value of antireflective film, and haze value of base material having translucency is 1.5 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound having polymerizable functional group is a compound having polymerizable functional group(s) chosen from acryloyl group or methacryloyl group, vinyl group and epoxy group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of binder with respect to silica particles is 1/99-20/80. The binder is polymer of a compound having a polymerizable functional group, or condensate with a main structure having repeating unit of formula: M-O (I) obtained by hydrolyzing-condensation-reacting alkoxide compound of formula: (R1)nM(OR2)m-n (II).M=metal chosen from Si, Ti, Zr or Al;R1=nonhydrolytic group;R2=1-6C alkyl;m=3 or 4;andn=0-2.(i) When m is 4, n is 0-1; and (ii) When m is 3, n is 0-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent-I comprises formic acid. The method utilizes water, 1-6C alcohol, and 1-6C nitrile. The VIb group metallic compound is a copper compound. The IIIb group metallic compound is an indium compound. The VIb group element and/or its compound are single-piece sulfur, seleniums, sulfur, or selenium compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The metallic glass further contains low-resistance element having resistivity of 15 mu Omega /cm and at least three element having Gibbs free energy of oxide formation of -900 kJ/mol to -1250 kJ/mol per mole of oxygen. Preferred Composition: The three elements are chosen from aluminum, titanium, zirconium, beryllium, magnesium, barium, manganese, lithium, yttrium, calcium, uranium, europium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, ytterbium, samarium, thorium, dysprosium, lutetium, holmium, thulium, erbium, and scandium, preferably zirconium, aluminum, and beryllium. The low resistance element is chosen from copper, aluminum, silver, and gold. The metallic glass contains copper, zirconium, aluminum and beryllium.The amorphous oxide containing amorphous zirconium oxide is provided on amorphous alloy portion of metallic glass.The conductive paste comprises 30-99 wt.% conductive powder, 0.1-20 wt.% metallic glass and amorphous oxide, and remainder of organic vehicle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The conductive powder contains aluminum, silver, copper, nickel, or their alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: A nitrogen precursor used in the method is nitrogen plasma. Preferred Property: The indium nitride material has sodium chloride-type phase in a face-centered cubic lattice structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An indium precursor used in the method is trimethylindium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solute is chosen from lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluoro bis(oxalato)phosphate, lithium tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, and lithium bis(oxalato)borate, and coexist with lithium hexafluorophosphate. The addition amount of the siloxane compound with respect to total amount of the electrolyte solution is 0.01-5.0 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous solvent is cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, cyclic ester, linear ester, cyclic ether, linear ether, sulfone or sulfoxide compound, and/or ionic liquid. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2,R7=2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl, or 1,1,1,3,3,3,-hexafluoroisopropyl;and    R3,R6,R8=methyl, ethyl, vinyl, or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The group III-V compound semiconductor comprises aluminum nitride, gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride, and indium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: Controlling start and end of magnetron sputtering involves opening or closing baffle plate above targeting material. Controlling start and end of deposition involves opening or closing baffle plate above substrate. Sputtering power for indium target is greater than sputtering target power for gallium target. Preparing substrate involves pre-sputtering copper, gallium and indium targets for 10 minutes. Selenium presetting and annealing involves evaporating selenium layer and annealing under protective gas. Evaporating selenium layer involves placing selenium boat in evaporator, evacuating, and heating. Annealing involves evacuating, introducing protective gas, preheating to 200 degrees C with heating rate of 17.5 degrees C/minute for 3 minutes, warming to 580 degrees C for 3 minutes, cooling to 550 degrees C for 3 minutes, incubating at 550 degrees C for 10 minutes, cooling to 200 degrees C, evacuating, and cooling to room temperature. Magnetron sputtering powers for copper, indium and gallium targets are 120 W, 200 W and 120 W, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass or stainless steel. Preferred Composition: The zinc oxide film is doped film. The zinc oxide film is aluminum-doped zinc oxide film, gallium-doped zinc oxide film, hydrogen-doped zinc oxide film, molybdenum-doped zinc oxide film or tungsten-doped zinc oxide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of lanthanum oxide and boric acid is 1:2.1-2.2. The volume ratio of cerium nitrate solution and ytterbium nitrate solution is 1:2-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The waste hard alloy is soaked in 20-40% hot soda aqueous solution to remove oil stains, and then is nitric acid in a ratio of 1:1 to remove surface copper. The cobalt chloride solution is used for preparing cobalt oxalate, cobalt oxide, and cobalt powder, after removal of iron by agitating in air, and precipitating iron as hydroxide by using aqueous ammonia, controlling the pH at 3-5. Cobalt oxalate is obtained by clarifying purified transparent cobalt chloride solution, reacting with ammonium oxalate, and precipitating cobalt oxalate. Cobalt oxalate is calcined after drying at 450-650 degrees C, and the obtained cobalt oxide powder is reduced using hydrogen at 550-680 degrees C to obtain cobalt powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic solution comprises sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or hydrochloric acid, preferably 1-3 mol/L hydrochloric acid. The waste hard alloy comprises iron-mixed precipitate, carbon residue, stone, and firewood machinery debris.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus-containing compound is phosphoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol compound is isopropyl alcohol, terpineol, isobornyl methacrylate or cyclohexyl alcohol. The organic solvent is toluene, hexamethyldisiloxane or hexamethyldisilazane disilazane. The dispersion medium is trioctyl phosphine oxide or trioctyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Composition: The ferric citrate culture medium comprises 10 g/l tryptone yeast extract, 5g/l sodium chloride mixture and 20 mmol/l citric acid iron electron donor. The nutrient solution composition. 1 as electron donor, 50mmol/l PBS buffer solution and small amount of vitamin and trace elements. The PBS buffer solution comprises 31g/l ammonium chloride, 202.452 g/l monosodium phosphate and 10.13 g/l potassium chloride. Preferred Components: The nutrient solution is citrate, glucose, lactose, glycerol and sucrose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The sulfonimide group is a compound of formula R1SO2NMSO2R2.R1, R2=alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, perfluoro group or aromatic chain type structure; andM=H+ or metal ion comprising Li+, Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The aromatic polymer is polybiphenyl, polysulfone, polybenzimidazole, polyaryletherketone, polyether sulfone, polyarylsulfone, polyether ketone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, aromatic amide, and aromatic imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing the carbon black, ammonium fluoride and water using ultrasonicator for 20-40 minutes, again mixing the above mixture for 20-40 minutes and then for 20-26 hours, centrifuging and drying the mixture, heating the mixture and carrying out high temperature thermal decomposition reaction at 300-500 degrees C for 0.5-7 hours to obtain fluorine-doped carbon black material, mixing the above material with melamine and grinding the mixture and carrying out high temperature thermal decomposition reaction at 750-1000 degrees C for 0.5-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halogen is chlorine, bromine or iodine. The chalcogenide semiconductor compound is copper-indium selenide, copper-indium sulfide, copper-indium-gallium selenide, copper-indium-gallium sulfide/selenide (Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2), or copper-zinc-tin sulfide/selende (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4). Preferred Process: The layer system is prepared using metal halide compound chosen from sodium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, indium chloride and/or zinc chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The continuous-flow reactor consists of tubular reactor. The primary reducible metal ion comprises at least one coinage metal ion or at least one ion from IUPAC Group 11. The reducible metal ion comprises silver ion. The secondary ion or atom comprises tin ion or atom. Preferred Process: The reduction is performed in the presence of at least one halide ion. Preferred Property: The metal nanowire has length of more than 10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The primary composition further comprises polyol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The protecting agent comprises polar polymer and polar copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline-earth metal is chosen from calcium, barium, and strontium. The alkaline-earth metal is further doped tungsten and/or fluorine. The thermochromic layer further has a seed layer and/or capping layer (18). The seed layer contains compounds such as titanium dioxide and silicon. The capping layer contains compounds such as aluminum oxynitride, zinc oxysulfide, zinc oxide and/or zinc sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inner side of container has inert gas atmosphere. Inert gas is gas which has argon or nitrogen as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The moisture resistant coating is a poly (p-xylylene) polymer coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The uneven structure of carrier is formed of a methyl group, elemental fluorine and a siloxane bond. The functional layer is formed of resin with polar group such as epoxy group, a hydroxyl group, acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a vinyl group, a carboxyl group and a carbonyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Hydroxyl group-containing cyclic siloxane of formula (III) and silane of formula: X-Si(-R3)(-R4)-R5 (IV) are reacted, to obtain cyclic siloxane compound (I).X=leaving group.Preferred Properties: The cyclic siloxane compound has Abbe number of 50-60, and refractive index of 1.4-1.6 at wavelength of 589 nm. The transmittance of the composite sheet is 90% or more at wavelength of 650 nm. Preferred Process: The hydroxyl group-containing cyclic siloxane is obtained by reacting cyclic siloxane precursor of formula (V) and vinyl group-containing alcohol of formula: CH2CH(CH2)k-2-OH (VI).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Preferred Composition: The matrix contains cyclic siloxane compound (I), and is a reaction product of linear polysiloxane and cyclic siloxane compound (I). The linear polysiloxane contains hydrogen or vinyl group in terminal. The linear polysiloxane is of formula: H-(Si(-R9)(-R10)-O)p-Si(-R9)(-R10)-H or CH2-CH-(CH2)q-(Si(-R1)(-R10)-O)p-Si(-R9)(-R10)-(CH2)q-CH=CH2. The molar ratio of linear polysiloxane and cyclic siloxane compound is 0.5:1-2.5:1.R1,R10=R1;p=k;andq=0-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The reinforcing material comprises glass fiber cloth, glass cloth, glass nonwoven fabric and glass mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reacting step comprises mixing a colloidal suspension of template particles with a solution containing a transition metal citrate or nitrate and sodium nitrate, and mixing a colloidal suspension of template particles, sucrose and urea with a solution containing transition metal precursors. The heat treating step comprises calcination, and pyrolyzation, followed by calcination. The step of removing the sacrificial template particle comprises chemical etching, where chemical etchant is hydrogen fluoride. Preferred Components: The metal is a transition metal. The metal precursor is a metal citrate or metal nitrate. The metal precursor is cobalt nitrate, zirconium oxynitrate hydrate, indium chloride tetrahydrate, venadyl sulfate hydrate, praseodymium nitrate hexahydrate, tin chloride pentahydrate, cerium nitrate hexahydrate, iron nitrate nonhydrate, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate, ammonium tungstate, niobium chloride, antimony chloride, neodymium nitrate hexahydrate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate or tantalum ethoxide. The transition metal is cerium, chromium, copper, iron, molybdenum, nickel, ruthenium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, tungsten or zirconium. EXAMPLE - 16.4 g of Cobalt nitrate and 21.4 g of copper nitrate were dissolved in 345ml of water. 18.5 g of Silica was added to the solution and dispersed using ultrasound bath. The dispersed solution was dried at 85 degrees C for 48 hours. The silica was removed by 7M potassium hydroxide for 24 hours to obtain cobalt-copper-oxide material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The tempered glass contains 50-80 mol% silicon dioxide, 6.5-15 mol% aluminum oxide, 0-1.7 mol% lithium oxide and 7-15.5 mol% sodium oxide, or contains 50-80 mol% silicon dioxide, 6.5-15 mol% aluminum oxide, 0-1 mol% lithium oxide, 9-15.5 mol% sodium oxide, 0-2 mol% calcium oxide, and 0-6.5 mol% magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide, and 0-0.1 mol% phosphorus pentoxide, or contains 50-80 mol%, preferably 50-77 mol% silicon dioxide, 6.5-15 mol% aluminum oxide, 0.01-15 mol%, preferably 0.01-10 mol% boron trioxide, 0-1 mol% lithium oxide, 9-15.5 mol% sodium oxide, and 9-15.5 mol% lithium oxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide, 0-2 mol% calcium oxide, and 0-6.5 mol% magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide, and 0-0.1 mol% phosphorus pentoxide. The total content of lithium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is 15.5-22 mol%. The molar ratio of content of boron trioxide and total content of boron trioxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is 0.06-0.35. Preferred Properties: The tempered glass has density of 2.45 g/cm3 or less, liquidus temperature of 1200 degrees C or less, thermal expansion coefficient of 95x 10-7/ degrees C or less at 30-380 degrees C, and liquid phase viscosity of 104 dPa.seconds or more. The compressive stress value of the compressive stress layer is 300 Mpa or more. The thickness of the compressive stress layer is 10 mu m or more. The crack resistance of the to-be-tempered glass is 300 gf or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The structure comprises an amorphous layer between the thermal matching layer and the lattice matching layer, and comprises one of silicon dioxide, tantalum nitride, boronitride, tungsten nitride, silicon nitride, glassy amorphous carbon and silicate glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (B) is monofunctional (meth)acrylate containing one aromatic ring. The component (B) contains benzyl (meth)acrylate and/or phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate. The polymerizable functional group is (meth)acryloyl group or allylether group. The component (A) is chosen from 6-methacryloyl oxymethyl dinaphtho thiophene, 6-methacryloyl oxyethyl dinaphtho thiophene, 2,12-diallyl oxydi-naphtha thiophene, and 3,11-diallyl oxydi-naphtho thiophene. The content of component (C) is 0.2-10 parts mass with respect to total amount of adhesive composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) comprises: purging the external atmosphere from the source container; liquefying the process gas material forming the gas tight seal to re-open a fluid pathway leading to the furnace; continuing to process a workpiece in the furnace while simultaneously loading process gas material into the source container, where such loading of the source container does not interrupt the furnace from processing the work piece; retaining process gas material in a trap portion downstream from the source container to form the seal when the process gas material is solidified; forming the gas seal without using any other means, except for solidifying process gas material in a fluid pathway leading away from the source container; and forming the gas seal without using a mechanical valve. In the method (M2), the second portion is angled to direct flow against gravity, and is shaped to retain process gas material in the first portion. Preferred Components: The process gas material is in solid form when loaded into the source container. The source container is coupled to a system that converts process gas material to a vapor which is then transported to the furnace. The process gas material solidified in the pathway has an amount of pathway-to-solid material contact surface to form a gas tight seal. The source container includes heaters for liquefying the process gas material. The process gas is corrosive to polymers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The activated carbon black is Vulcan XC-72R (RTM: carbon black pigment). 85 Wt.% hydrazine hydrate is added. The mass fraction of nano-palladium catalyst nanoparticles is 5-30 wt.% nanoparticles of palladium-activated carbon nano catalyst. The molar ratio of palladium nitrate and nitric acid is 3.73-4.96:1. The molar ratio of palladium nitrate and activated carbon is 0.070-0.475:1    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The solvent is de-ionized water, ethylene glycol, and ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: Ammonium metatungstate and glucose are mixed in mass ratio of 1:2.5. The mixture is milled to average particle size of 100 nm to 200 mu m. The inert atmosphere is chosen from nitrogen, carbon dioxide or argon gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfur source is SC(NH2)2 or CS2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of illuminant and ( beta )-cyclodextrin is 1-300:1-300. The molar ratio of photosensitizer, illminant, and ( beta )-cyclodextrin is 1:1-300:1-300.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth oxide is thulium oxide, erbium oxide and/or ytterbium oxide. The substrate is quartz glass or silicon sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing atmosphere is carbon, carbon monoxide gas, a pure hydrogen gas, and nitrogen and hydrogen mixed gas. The salt is carbonate, nitrate or oxalic acid salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound containing calcium ion is calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium fluoride, lanthanum ion compound is lanthanum oxide, and lanthanum nitrate, ytterbium ion compound is ytterbium oxide, and ytterbium nitrate, erbium ion compound is erbium oxide, nitric acid erbium, tungsten ion compound is tungsten oxide, and ammonium tungstate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing atmosphere is carbon, carbon monoxide gas, a pure hydrogen gas, or mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrate is silver nitrate and/or mercuric nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkyl sulfonyl chloride is benzene sulfonyl chloride, 4-methylbenzene sulfonyl chloride, 4-ethyl benzene sulfonyl chloride, benzene sulfonyl chloride, 4-n-propyl-4-n-butylbenzene sulfonyl chloride, 4-bromine benzene sulfonic acid chloride, benzene sulfonyl chloride, 4-sulfonyl chloride, 4-trifluoro 2, 4,6-trifluoro-benzene sulfonyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, ethyl chloride, propyl chloride, butyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, perfluoro butyl sulfonyl chloride. The organic solvent is methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, chlorobenzene, and/or o-dichlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomimetic gradient porous ceramic material preparing method utilizes ceramic particle comprising metal oxides, metal nitrides, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, clay, silicon carbide, silicon carbide and cordierite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomimetic gradient porous ceramic material preparing method utilizes solvent comprising water, t-butanol, camphene, water-tert-butanol solution and t-butanol-camphene, and the dispersing agent comprising polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral and citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Mole ratio palladium catalyst:dibromobiphenyl thiadiazole is 1:10-100. Preferred Conditions: Stirring reaction time is 12-72 hours. Preferred Processes: Extract is washed sequentially with methanol, acetone, and chloroform. Organic phase is washed with hydrochloric acid solution and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Extracted organic phase is filtered to obtain concentrated organic phase which is added dropwise into methanol. Preferred Definitions:    m=0-1;    n=5-1000;    R1,R2=H or 6-12C alkyl; and    R3,R4=H, 6-30C alkyl, or 6-30C alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The base material is formed of pure aluminum and aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thermal matching layer includes molybdenum, molybdenum-copper, mullite, sapphire, graphite, aluminum-oxynitrides, silicon, silicon carbide, zinc oxides, and rare earth oxides. The amorphous layer comprises silicon dioxide, tantalum nitride, boronitride, tungsten nitride, silicon nitride, glassy amorphous carbon and silicate glass. The group III-V compound semiconductors comprises aluminum nitride, gallium nitride, indium gallium nitride, and indium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The haze coating comprises at least one oxide selected from silica, tin oxide, titania, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and/or phosphorus oxide. The nanoparticles are selected from titania, indium tin oxide, fluorine tin oxide, silica, alumina, colloidal silica, and/or cerium oxide. The first conductive layer comprises oxides of at least one of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), cerium (Ce), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), bismuth (Bi), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), silicon (Si), or indium (In), or their alloys. The first conductive layer comprises at least one dopant selected from F, In, Al, P, and Sb. The first conductive layer comprises fluorine-doped tin oxide. The semiconductor layer is selected from monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium celenide/sulfide. The second conductive layer is selected from Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, Ce, Sn, Sb, Hf, Zr, Ni, Zn, Bi, Ti, Co, Cr, Si, or In, or their alloys. The undercoating layer is a multilayer coating comprising a first layer comprising tin oxide or titania, and a second layer comprising a compositional uniform or non-uniform mixture comprising oxides of at least two of Sn, P, Si, Ti, Al, and Zr.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting F1 with Indane-Y1 in a 1,3-cycloaddition reaction. Preferred Process: The 1,3-cycloaddition reaction is carried out in trichlorobenzene at a temperature of 150-210 degrees C. (I) are separated from byproducts using column chromatography on a polar medium with a non-polar eluent. Preferred Components: The polar medium comprises silica gel and the non-polar eluent comprises a mixture of toluene and hexanes. Preferred Definitions:    Y1 = -XR1 or NR2R3;    X = O or S;    R1 = 1-20C-alkyl, fluorinated 1-20C-alkyl, 2-20C-alkenyl, 2-20C-alkynyl, 6-20C-aryl, 7-24C-alkaryl, 1-20C-carbonyl or 3-20C-alkoxycarbonylalkyl; and    R1, R3 = 1-20C-alkyl, fluorinated 1-20C-alkyl, 2-20C-alkenyl, 2-20C-alkynyl, 6-20C-aryl or 7-24C-alkaryl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: A zinc oxide layer is deposited on the surface of substrate. The fabrication of thin-film solar device further involves depositing a silicon layer on the treated transparent conductive oxide layer, and forming an amorphous silicon solar cell on treated zinc oxide layer. The amorphous silicon cell contains a p-doped amorphous silicon layer and does not contain p-doped microcrystalline silicon layer. The zinc oxide layer is exposed at flow rate of 1800 cc/minute. Preferred Composition: The amorphous silicon solar cell comprises two or more p-i-n junctions (51). Preferred Property: The treated zinc oxide layer has reduced sheet resistance of 10-15 Ohms square. The amorphous silicon solar cell has voltage open-circuit value of 10-20 mV with respect to amorphous silicon solar cell which did not undergo exposing. The exposing substantially improves damp heat stability of the zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The zinc oxide is formed using zinc alkyl and oxidation material as raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of low molecular weight compound having oxidizing functional group is 10-100 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. hole transportable high molecular compound. The low molecular weight compound having oxidizing functional group, is of formula: -(Ar8)q-(Ar5-N(-Ar6)-Ar7)r-O-P(=O)-Cl2. The hole transportable high molecular compound is of formula: -(Ar1-N(-Ar2)-Ar3)n-(Ar4)m-.Ar1-Ar8=6-60C conjugated optionally substituted aryl or 4-60C conjugated optionally substituted heterocyclyl;m+n=10-20000;q+r=1-20;q,r=0-10;andn,m=0-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is chosen from acid anhydride-type curing agent, cationic polymerization initiator, organophosphorus compound, amine-type hardener and tertiary amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: (claimed): The epoxy resin is prepared by phenolic compound of formula (II) and epihalohydrin. Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin has epoxy equivalent of 200-30000 g. The content of the curing agent is 0.01-200 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. epoxy resin. EXAMPLE - 170 g 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclododecane, 193.3 g isopropyl alcohol, 496.6 g epichlorohydrin and 69 g water were added into a reactor provided with stirrer, dropping funnel and thermometer, heated at 40 degrees C, 85.8 g sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was dripped for 1.5 hours, and reacted at 65 degrees C for 0.5 hour. The resultant reaction mixture was washed with water to remove byproduct salt and excess sodium hydroxide, and distilled under reduced pressure, to obtain crude epoxy resin. 330 g Crude epoxy resin was dissolved in 4.65 g methyl isobutyl ketone and 48 %mass sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and reacted at 65 degrees C for 1 hour, to obtain reaction mixture. The obtained reaction mixture was washed with water to remove byproduct salt, and distilled under reduced pressure, to obtain 210 g epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The atomic ratio of calcium/zinc is 0.001-10 at%, and atomic ratio of the aluminum/zinc with 1-3 at%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: Metal thin-film precursor is prepared by magnetron co-sputtering or thermal co-evaporation. Co-sputtering involves sputtering tin sulfide and zinc sulfide for copper zinc tin sulfide laminated film or sputtering tin selenide and zinc selenide for copper zinc tin selenide laminated film. Co-evaporation involves depositing copper, zinc sulfide, tin and sulfur vapors for copper zinc tin sulfide laminated film or depositing copper, zinc selenide, tin and selenium vapor for copper zinc tin selenide laminated film. Method further comprises pre-sputtering. Hydrogen sulfide pressure is 2 kPa. Preferred Composition: Tin coating layer thickness is 150 nm. High-temperature annealing is carried out at 550 degrees C for 15 minutes. High-temperature annealing in hydrogen sulfide and anaerobic condition involves placing in annealing furnace, feeding hydrogen sulfide gas with pressure of 2 kPa, sparging with nitrogen to pressure of 40 kPa, heating at 550 degrees C, incubating for 15 minutes, and cooling. High-temperature annealing in selenide and anaerobic condition involves placing in annealing furnace with selenium particles, sparging with nitrogen to pressure of 40 kPa, heating at 550 degrees C, incubating for 15 minutes, and cooling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Substrate is quartz, glass, crystal or silicon wafer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: Deposition is carried out under vacuum degree of greater than or equal to 2x 10-4 Pa. Sputtering target bombardment is carried out under argon gas with pressure of 10-2 Pa. Preferred Composition: Target is 99.99% pure zinc metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Wafer cleaning is carried out by ultrasonic cleaning with deionized water, absolute ethanol, acetone and hydrogen peroxide/concentrated sulfuric acid for 15-20 minutes. Electrochemical etching is performed with current density of 10-70 mA/cm2 for 20-90 minutes. Preferred Composition: Hydrogen peroxide and concentrated sulfuric acid are at ratio of 1:3-5. Hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide and ethanol are at ratio of 2-5:1-2:1-5. Preferred Component: Dilute hydrofluoric acid is prepared with dilution degree of 5-20 for 5-10 minutes. Mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid with silver is prepared by mixing 0.003-1 M hydrofluoric acid and 2-5 M nitric acid in silver nitrate, and etching for 5-120 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulating layer is made of silicon nitrogen (SiN), silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon aluminum nitrogen (SiAlN), gallium oxygen nitrogen (GaON), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), aluminum oxynitride (AlON), silicon cyanide (SiCN) and silicon oxynitride (SiON).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode is made of gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, cobalt, copper, silver, tungsten and titanium dioxide (TIOZ).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is made of sapphire, silicon carbide, silicon, lithium niobate, gallium nitride, and aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Titanium compound is tetraisopropyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride, or titanium sulfate nonahydrate. Palladium compound is palladium(II) chloride or potassium tetrachloropallidate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Low carbon alcohol is methanol, ethylene glycol, or propanetriol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: In (I), (M1), (L1-R1S1), (Q1), (D1P1), (C1M1), (P1B1) and (S1F1) appears in any order so long as they are bound to at least one other moiety, and one moiety is bound to (M1). Preferred Definitions:    z=2-6 for (L1-R1S1);    f=0 or 1;    c=1;    x=0;    b=2-5;    (L1-R1S1)=(methyl-pyridyl)imidazole, bipyridine-di(amino), 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-2,2'-bipyridine, bipyridine-di(aminoethane), 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid, bipyridine-di(carboxy-hexamethylenediamine), bipyridine-di(carboxy-piperazine), bipyridine-di(carboxy-trimethylenediamine), bipyridine-di(diethyl-diamino-oxopentanoate, bipyridine-di(trimethylenediamine) or bipyridine-di(hexamethylenediamine);    (M1)=osmium;    (Q1)=dodecylethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, hexamethylenediamine, tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, ethylenediamine, PMDA (sic) or piperazine or diethylenediamine;    (D1P1)=pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraallyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraazide, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tris(acetic acid) or 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetra(acetic acid);    (P1B1)=poly(vinylimidazole), poly(vinylimidazole-polyvinylaniline, polyvinylpyridine-butyl acetate, polyvinylpyridine-(butyl acetate+ethylenediamine), polyvinylpyridine-(butyl acetate+tris(2-aminoethyl)amine), or polyvinylpyridine;    (S1F1)=diethyliminodiacetate or (C1M1), or enzyme that electro-oxidizes anode reductant or electro-reduces cathode oxidant; and    t=6.    ACTIVITY - Cytostatic; Immunosuppressive; CNS-Gen; Antimicrobial; Cardiant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat-conducting liquid is provided with ethylene glycol aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is made of glass, soda-lime, molybdenum and indium tin oxide transparent conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent is anhydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethylenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid treatment is carried out using hydrofluoric acid with concentration of 45-50%, or a mixture of sulfuric acid with concentration of 0.48-0.52 mol/L and hydrofluoric acid with concentration of 4-6 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The volume ratio of the amount of the copper source, indium source, gallium source, and selenium source with the alkylamine is (0.4-0.7) mmol: 10 mL. The mol ratio of the copper, indium, gallium, and selenium is (0.1-10): (0.1-10): (0.1-10): (0.1-20), preferably 1: (0.7-0.9): (0.1-0.3): 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkylamine is oleamine, 1-butylamine, isobutylamine, dibutylamine, tributylamine, ethylene diamine, propylene diamine, octadecyl amine, dimethyl dodecyl amine, and/or hexadecyl amine. The alkyl group is dimethyl selenide, or diethyl selenide. The ratio of the CIGS nanocrystal and solvent is (0.1-2) g: (10-100) mL. The concentration of the alcohol solution of organic selenium is 1-50 mmol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 2,4- Dimethyl-pyrrol-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone and boron trifluoride diethyl ether are reacted. The obtained product is reacted with 4-(2(4-R-phenyl)amino)benzaldehyde and then reacted with alkyl bromide of formula: Cm+1H2(m+1)Br2. The product is then reacted with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and then with 60C and sarcosine, to obtain fullerene derivative (I).R=C2nH2n+1;n=0-6;andm=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hygroscopic inorganic oxide is chosen from oxide of alkali metal, oxide of alkaline-earth metals, manganese oxide, oxide of lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium and/or zinc oxide. The content of the particles is 5-50 wt.%, preferably 30-50 wt.%. The molar ratio of anions and hygroscopic inorganic oxide is more than 1:100. The desiccant composition further comprises hygroscopic inorganic oxide (B) chosen from oxides having lower molecular weight and lower surface area than hygroscopic inorganic oxide (A). The hygroscopic inorganic oxide (B) is chosen from lithium oxide and/or magnesium oxide. The content of hygroscopic inorganic oxide (B) is 10-50 w/w% with respect to total content of hygroscopic inorganic oxide. Preferred Property: The particles of hygroscopic inorganic oxide have particle size of 0.05-20 mu m, preferably 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anions are chosen from tetradecanoate, hexadecanoate, octadecanoate, icosanoate, docosanoate, and/or tetracosanoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric binder is chosen from epoxy resin, epoxyacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin and/or siloxane matrix. Preferred Definitions:    n=13-23.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Monomer: The monomer which comprises the terminal group of the polyimide resin is diamine. The monomer (A) is 3,3'-diamino benzophenone, 3,4'-diamino benzophenone, 4,4'-diamino benzophenone, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride or 2,3',3,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The aromatic ring of the monomer (B-1) is benzene ring. The monomer (C) having biphenyl skeleton is 4,4'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 3,3'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, 4,4'-bis(3,4-dicarboxy phenoxy)biphenyl dianhydride, 2,2',3,3'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The composition further contains a filler and bismaleimide compound and/or nadimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide film formed by coating and drying the resin composition has glass transition temperature of 130-260 degrees C, tensile elasticity modulus of 2.0-4.0 GPa at 25 degrees C, and 5% thermogravimetry reduction temperature in nitrogen atmosphere of 500 degrees C or more. The resin contains 10 mol% or more of monomers (C). The sum total number of moles of tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the polyimide resin is 0.99-0.999 with respect to the sum total number of moles of the diamine. The weight average molecular weight of the polyimide resin is 120000-300000, and molecular weight distribution is 10-12. The storage elastic modulus of the polyimide film at 300 degrees C is more than 1.0x 105 Pa. The composition further contains another resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out in presence of aprotic solvent. The method involves reacting pyrrole compound (a) and organic acid having electron-attractive group. EXAMPLE - 1,2-di(1H-2-pyrroyl)-4,5-dimethoxybenzene (20 mg, 0.075mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 ml) in a reaction container, and trifluoroacetic acid (66.6 microliters) was added and reacted at room temperature for 90 minutes. The resulting mixture was quenched by adding aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, extracted, washed twice with water, concentrated under reduced pressure and silica gel column chromatography was carried out to obtain yellow solids of 7,8-Dimethoxy-indolizino(3,4,5-ab)isoindole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solid solution chosen from manganese, titanium, zirconium, nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, magnesium, chromium and vanadium is used for the lithium ion secondary battery as a positive electrode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alicyclic epoxy compound (A) is 7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)hept-3-ylmethyl-7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane-3-carboxylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains siloxane derivative which has two or more epoxy groups in a molecule, alicyclic polyester resin, curing agent, hardening accelerator, curing catalyst, and rubber particles, and core-shell type acrylic polymer particles having solubility parameter of 19.5-21.5 MPa1/2, which is measured by Fedors method. The core-shell type acrylic polymer particles comprises core comprising acrylic polymer having glass transition temperature of 60-120 degrees C and shell comprising acrylic polymer having glass transition temperature of 60-120 degrees C. The content of the core-shell type acrylic polymer particles is 1-30 pts. wt. respect to 100 pts. wt. alicyclic epoxy compounds (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion-permeable membrane further comprises a porous reinforcing material including metal oxide chosen from zirconium oxide and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The microporous film comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-4-methylpentene, polyether sulfone and/or polysulfone. The porous reinforcing material comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-4-methylpentene, polyether sulfone and/or polyphenylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curable resin composition contains 1-25 parts mass of silane coupling agent with respect to 100 parts mass of polyfunctional epoxy component. The curable resin composition contains 5-99 %mass of hardenable component and 50-95 %mass of non-hardening component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The trifunctional epoxy compound and tetrafunctional epoxy compound have diglycidyl amino group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat conductive fillers (B1) and (B2) are metal oxide, preferably aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylic resin composition (A) comprises 5-25 %mass (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (A1) and 75-95 wt.% (meth)acrylic acid ester monomers (a1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The specific surface area of carbon nanotube is 800 m2/g or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric composition further comprises chain transfer agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The alkali-free glass has loss-of-clarity temperature of 1315 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The compressive-stress layer has compressive-stress value of 300-1200 MPa, and thickness of 10-60 mu m. The tempered glass has thermal expansion coefficient at 25-380 degrees C of 100x 10-7 degrees C or less. The tempered glass board has Young's modulus of 65 GPa or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass composition further contains 0-2 %mass strontium oxide, 0-0.5 %mass titanium dioxide, 0-2 %mass zirconium dioxide, 0.2-3 %mass tin dioxide and 0-1 %mass phosphorus pentoxide. The glass composition comprises 50-73 %mass silicon dioxide, 16-30 %mass aluminum oxide, 0-6 %mass boron trioxide, 0-1 %mass lithium oxide, 7-25 %mass sodium oxide, 10-30 %mass sum of lithium oxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide, 0-4 %mass calcium oxide, and 0-2 %mass strontium oxide. The molar ratio of sum of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide with respect to sum of aluminum oxide and boron trioxide is 0-0.55.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous inorganic oxide nanoparticles are doped with erbium, europium, cerium, gold, silver or palladium. Gold or palladium is doped in the nucleus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Erbium acetate tetrahydrate, europium n-hydrate acetate, cerium acetate monohydrate, gold acetate, silver acetate or palladium acetate is added to supercritical fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) contains non-substituted, partially fluorinated or perfluorinated organic carboxylic acids, preferably acetic acid, a paddle wheel structure, chromium or molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The chemical reduction is carried out at 100-170 degrees C (preferably 150 degrees C) for 15 minutes. The methods for deposition of the precursor solution are adsorption, dip coating, spray coating, spin coating or drop coating. Preferred Components: The precursor complex is a soluble platinum (Pt) complex (preferably hexachloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) or a soluble palladium (Pd) complex (preferably hydrogenchloropalladate (H2PdCl4)). The solvent for the preparation of the precursor complex solution is water and/or an organic solvent. The substrate is any known material stable below 170 degrees C and chemically resistant to the precursor complex solvent and reducing agent (preferably glass, polymers, ceramics, carbon, semiconductors or metal oxides).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is formic acid, ethylene glycol, methanal, ethanal, propanal or propanediol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water soluble copper salt is a water soluble copper (II) salt, preferably chosen from copper sulfate, copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper tetrafluoroborate, and/or copper acetate. The water soluble cyano metal compound is chosen from metal complex (A3(M3+(CN)6) and A4(M2+(CN)6)) where A is from sodium positive ions, potassium positive ions, lithium positive ions, and ammonium positive ions, and M is chosen from iron, manganese, chromium, and/or cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is chosen from formaldehyde and glyoxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nonionic surfactant is chosen from polyoxyalkylene glycol aryl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene glycol alkylaryl ether and phosphate. The polyoxyalkylene glycol alkylaryl ether phosphate is polyethoxy nonylphenoxy ether phosphate having 5-21 ethylene oxide units, preferably polyethylene glycol-(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl)-ether having 5-21 ethylene oxide units. The copper layer comprises 90 or less wt.%, preferably 100 wt.% copper. Preferred Properties: The semiconductor substrate has primary contact metal layer and/or secondary contact metal layer which is adhesion promoting layer having thickness of less than 500 nm and preferably containing nickel. The electroless deposited copper layer has thickness of 3-to 11 mu m, preferably 4-9 mu m. The copper layer has surface roughness of 2-5% of the total thickness of the layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive oxide film uses tin tetra-chloride and water as main raw material. The substrate is provided with soda-lime silicate glass substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Inorganic P-type semiconductor compound is chalcopyrite-type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isomer is trans-2-material, or trans-4-material. The amount of isomers contained in the compound (I) is preferably 90 wt.% or more, with respect to total weight of the compound (I). The compound (I) is preferably of formula (II).R11,R12,R13,R14,R21,R22,R23,R24=H, or substituent;Ar1,Ar2=heterocyclic ring having aromatic carbocyclic ring or substituent;andC3,C4=carbon atoms, which are bonded through single bond. Preferred Definitions:    B ring=tetralin ring;    Ar1,Ar2=aryl;    A ring=fullerene having 60C atoms;and    n=2.
EXAMPLE - First, tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) was prepared as silicon alkoxide (A) and trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (TFPTMS) was prepared as fluoroalkyl group-containing silicon alkoxide (B). Silicon alkoxide (A) and fluoroalkyl group-containing silicon alkoxide (B) were weighed, such that the ratio (mass ratio) of fluoroalkyl group-containing silicon alkoxide (B) was 0.6 with respect to the ratio of silicon alkoxide (A) of 1, added into a separable flask, and mixed. As a result, a mixture was obtained. Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) (1 parts by mass) as the organic solvent (E) was added to 1 part by mass of the mixture, followed by stirring at a temperature of 30 degrees C for 15 minutes. As a result, a first solution was obtained. As silicon alkoxide (A), an oligomer obtained by polymerizing a monomer in advance 3-5 times was used. In addition, aside from the preparation of the first solution, 1 part by mass of the mixture, 1 part by mass of ion exchange water (C), and 0.01 parts by mass of formic acid (D) were added into a beaker and mixed, followed by stirring at a temperature of 30 degrees C for 15 minutes. As a result, a second solution was obtained. Next, the prepared first solution was held at a temperature of 55 degrees C in a water bath and the second solution was added to the first solution, followed by stirring for 60 minutes while maintaining the temperature. As a result, a hydrolyzate of the silicon alkoxide (A) and the fluoroalkyl group-containing silicon alkoxide (B) was obtained. Silica sol (F) in which beaded colloidal silica particles with average particle size of 15 nm were dispersed, was stirred and mixed with the obtained hydrolyzate to obtain a low refractive index film-forming composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises chlorobenzene, ethanol and/or water. The fluorine containing material comprises fluorocarbon and/or its silane derives. The hole transport layer comprises polyethylenedioxythiophene, polystyrenesulfonate, polyaniline, polyphenylenevinylene, N,N'-Diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-tolyl)-4-benzidine, and/or N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1-biphenyl)-4,4diamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The silane derives of fluorocarbon comprises polyfluoroalkoxysilane. The fluorocarbon comprises perfluorononane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: A pair of the inorganic protective layer and the organic protective layer is stacked many times. The organic protective layer is formed of the photocurable composition, and has a water vapor transmission rate of 8 g/m2.24 hours or less, as measured at 37.8 degrees C, and 100% relative humidity (RH) for 24 hours at a layer thickness of 5 mu m in a thickness direction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a photopolymerization initiator. Preferred Components: The photocurable monomer includes a monomer having 1-30 vinyl groups, acrylate groups or methacrylate groups (all optionally substituted). (I) is present in an amount of 0.1-20 pts. wt. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 2-((3-(2,3-dioxo-2-phenyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethyl-3-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxymethyl)phenyl)propanoyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)methoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate of formula (Ia) and 2-((4-(benzoyl(phenyl)phosphoryl)carbonyl-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)methoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate is specifically claimed as (I).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cermet layer comprises metal material and dielectric material. The content of dielectric material is 40 mass% or less. The metal material is chosen from gold, silver, aluminum, copper and its alloy. The dielectric material is chosen from silicon, silicon dioxide and ceramic. The cermet layer comprises silver and 20 mass% silicon dioxide. The semiconductor structure further comprises protective layer, plurality of primary three-dimensional nano-structure provided on semiconductor layer (B) and plurality of secondary three-dimensional nano-structure provided on cermet layer. The protective layer (150) comprises silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride or lithium fluoride. Preferred Property: The thickness and refractive index of protective layer is 5-40 nm and 1.2-1.5, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The first optical symmetric layer can be made of zirconia or yttria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - the metallic plasma generating layer is made of gold, silver, aluminum, copper, or an alloy. The metallic plasma generating layer has a dielectric material made of silicon dioxide. Third and forth optical symmetric layers are made of silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, or lithium fluoride. The first optical symmetric layer is made of titanium dioxide or hafnium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first optical symmetric layer can be made of polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cyclic siloxane is of formula (I). The linear terminal vinyl group-containing polysiloxane includes siloxane compound of formula (H2C=CH-(-CH-)q-(-R2SiR1-O-)p-SiR1R2-(-CH2-)q-CH=CH2).R1-R3 = 1-5C alkyl, or 6-12C aryl (both optionally substituted) or H;n, m = 0-6;p, q = 1-20; andn+m = 3-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix includes a silicone resin including a cyclic siloxane. The matrix includes a reaction product of a cyclic siloxane and a linear terminal vinyl group-containing polysiloxane. The reaction product is of the cyclic siloxane and the linear terminal vinyl group-containing polysiloxane in a mole-equivalent ratio of 0.5:1-2.5:1. The composite sheet has: a transmittance of greater than or equal to 90% at a wavelength of 550 nm; a bending resistance of less than 5 mm according to ASTM D522, and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of less than 10 ppm/K. The reinforcing material includes at least one of a glass fiber cloth, a glass fabric, a non-woven glass fabric and a glass mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic layer is made up of thermoplastic polymer, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyethylene and/or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: CIE-Lasteriskaasteriskbasterisk colorimetric system is used for the yellow range in which basterisk value is 10-60 degrees , absolute value of aasterisk is less than or equal to one half of the basterisk value, and Lasterisk value is 75-100. Inorganic pigment has a particle shape with specific surface area of greater than or equal to 1 m2/g. Photocatalyst has a particle shape with specific surface area of less than or equal to 200 m2/g. Titanium ion is positioned at the interstitial site of the crystal in an amount of 0.1-20 at.%. Titanium oxide is 30-100% rutile type and remainder is anatase type and unavoidable impurity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alloy further contains scandium. The atomic ratio of scandium and magnesium is 3 or less. The hydrogen absorption and release component has a catalyst layer containing palladium, platinum, palladium alloy or platinum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The third metal further comprises titanium or hafnium, where the amount of the zirconium and the titanium is mutually identical, and the amount of zirconium and the hafnium are mutually identical. Preferred Method: The thickness of the thin film is 30-60 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) consists of dimethyl disulfide, diethyl disulfide, dipropyl disulfide, dibutyl disulfide (all preferred), dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide, dipropyl sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, trisulfides and their homologs, tetrasulfides and their homologs, pentasulfides and their homologs, and/or hexasulfures and their homologs. An amount of (I) is 0.0001-1 mole per 100 moles of sulfur, preferably 0.001-0.5 mole per 100 moles of sulfur. The viscosity of the liquid sulfur is less than 5000 mPa.seconds, preferably less than 500 mPa.seconds. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Sulfonic acid is trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The sulfonic acid ester (I) and carbon dioxide are reacted in presence of a transition metal catalyst, and water and/or alcohol. Sulfonic acid is trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The transition metal catalyst is palladium compound. The content of transition metal catalyst is 0.00001-0.1 mol with respect to 1 mol of group (R3SO3-) of sulfonic acid ester compound (I). EXAMPLE - Methyl ester (690 g) having melting point of 181-183 degrees C and yield of 86%, 1.5 L tetrahydrofuran and 1.7 L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were stirred, and tetrahydrofuran was distilled after 5 hour reflux stirring. The resultant mixture was cooled to room temperature and water and toluene were added. The resultant mixture was maintained, and the organic layer was separated. Toluene was added to aqueous layer, and organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was filtered, and resultant filtrate was heated at 60 degrees C. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (470 g) was dripped, cooled gradually to room temperature, and precipitated crystals were filtered under reduced pressure. The hydrated crystals were air dried at 50 degrees C to obtain 9,9-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)fluorene as white powder having melting point of 300 degrees C and yield of 99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The insulating layer contains particulate-form metal oxide, and calcium, phosphorus, silicon and carbon as element. Preferred Properties: The dust core has a density of 7.2 Mg/m3 or more and core loss at 0.1 T and 10 kHz of 135 kW/m3 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone resin is methyl-silicone resin having a weight average molecular weight of 5000 or more. The silane coupling agent has a double bond. The silicone resin has a silanol group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The substrate has local minimum of infrared ray transmission at wavelength of 2000-3300 nm. The product of peak wavelength of infrared wavelength in the minimum value of infrared transmittance ( alpha ) is 2-16 mu m2. The conductive thin film laminated component has infrared ray peak wavelength of 0.8-25 mu m. Preferred Composition: The local minimum of infrared ray transmission of substrate is 95% or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular compound contains repeating unit of formula: -(Ar21-N(-Ar23-T2)-(Ar24-N(-Ar25))p-Ar22)-, repeating unit of formula: -(C(-R8)(-R9)-Ar6-(N(-Ar8)-Ar2)p)- and repeating unit of formula (II).p=0-3;Ar21,Ar22=direct bond, or aromatic hydrocarbyl or aromatic heterocyclyl (both optionally substituted);Ar23-Ar25=aromatic heterocyclyl or aromatic hydrocarbyl (both optionally substituted);T2=crosslinkable group;Ar6,Ar7=bivalent aromatic ring optionally having substituents;Ar8=aromatic ring optionally having substituents;R8,R9=H, 1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy or aromatic ring (all optionally substituted);R8+R9=ring;p=1-5;Ar31,Ar33-Ar35=divalent aromatic heterocyclyl or divalent aromatic-hydrocarbon ring (both optionally substituted);Ar32=aromatic heterocyclyl or aromatic-hydrocarbon ring (both optionally substituted);R11=1-12C alkoxy or 1-12C alkyl (both optionally substituted);R12,R13=H, 1-12C alkyl, 1-12C alkoxy, aromatic heterocyclyl or aromatic-hydrocarbon ring (all optionally substituted);R12+R13,R14+R15,R16+R17=ring;andl,m,n=0-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The surface roughness of the compound semiconductor thin film is 100 nm or less. Preferred Composition: The compound semiconductor thin film contains compound nanoparticles containing copper-indium selenide of formula: CuInxGa1-xSe2, copper-indium-gallium selenide of formula: CuInxGa1-xSe2, silver-indium-gallium selenide of formula: AgInxGa1-xSe2, copper-indium-gallium selenide-sulfur compound of formula: CuInxGa1-x(SeyS1-y)2, copper-aluminum selenide-sulfur compound of formula: CuAl(SexS1-x)2, copper selenide-sulfur compound of formula: Cu2-xSe1-ySy, indium-gallium selenide-sulfur compound of formula: (InxGa1-x)2(Se1-ySy)3, indium-gallium selenide-sulfur compound of formula: InxGa1-xSe1-ySy, copper-zinc-tin-sulfur selenide of formula: Cu2-xZn1+ySnSzSe4-z, copper-sulfur selenide of formula: Cu2-xSySe2-y, zinc-sulfur selenide of formula: Zn2-xSySe2-y and/or tin-sulfur selenide of formula: Sn2-xSySe2-y, where x is 0-1, y is 0-2 and z is 0-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of butanol and toluene used during manufacture of composite ion exchange membrane is 1:3-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat-conductive filler (B1) is metal hydroxide or metal oxide, preferably aluminum hydroxide or aluminum oxide. The heat-conductive filler (B2) is metal hydroxide, preferably aluminum hydroxide. The heat conductive filler (B3) is chosen from filler other than heat-conductive filler (B1) and heat-conductive filler (B2), and carbon-containing electroconductivity filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylic resin composition (A) comprises 5-25 %mass (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer (A1), 74.8-94.8 %mass (meth)acrylic acid ester monomers (( alpha )1), and 0.2-13 %mass polyfunctional monomers (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Solid oxide fuel cell sealing material contains 27 mass% calcium oxide, 22 mass% magnesium oxide, 3 mass% zinc oxide, 28 mass% silicon dioxide, 15 mass% ferric oxide, and 5 mass% boron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A triazene derivative of formula (II) is esterified in presence of boron compound in presence of catalyst, to obtain boron-containing triazine compound of formula (III), which is then subjected to Suzuki coupling reaction in presence of catalyst, to obtain poly-indole derivative (I).L=I or Br.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The performing step is carried out at temperature of 40-300 degrees C for 6-72 hours. The step (b) comprises freezing and drying the obtained solid product for 12-72 hours. Preferred Components: The noble metal chlorate solution has concentration of 2-20 mmole/l. The noble metal is palladium, platinum or gold, and has average diameter of 3-5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A tetraphenyl ethylene of formula (III) having functional group intermediates is reacted under organic solvent and catalyst. The product is subjected to coupling reaction under organic solvent and catalyst, to obtain triphenylethenyl benzene compounds.R4=bromo, borate, tributylstannanyl or aldehyde;andR5=H, bromo, borate, tributylstannanyl, aldehyde or 1-8C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate is quartz, fluorine-tin oxide sheet or indium tin oxide sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The amount of micron- or nano-sized Al(OH)3 or oxide powder is 10-50 wt.%. The reaction is conducted at 10-40 degrees C and 0.04-1 atm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The etching gas is argon gas and octafluorocyclobutane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The resistor has a resistance of 1-1000 ohms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The lithium cobalt oxide particles are added at less than or equal to 100 g/L. The pond sludge has pH value of 6.8-7.0, electrical conductivity of 0.80-0.93 mS/cm, chemical oxygen demand of 150-300 mg/L and 30-35 g/L suspended solids. Preferred Components: The MEC and MFC liquid anolyte comprises 12.0 mM sodium acetate, 5.8 mM ammonium chloride, 1.7 mM potassium chloride, 17.8 mM monosodium phosphate monohydrate, 32.3 mM disodium phosphate, 12.5 ml/L mineral elements comprising 3.0 g/L magnesium sulfate, 0.5 g/L manganese sulfate monohydrate, 1.0 g/L sodium chloride, 0.1 g/L ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1 g/L calcium chloride dihydrate, 0.1 g/L cobaltous chloride hexahydrate, 0.13 g/L zinc chloride, 0.01 g/L cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 0.01 g/L potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate, 0.01 g/L boric acid, 0.025 g/L sodium molybdate, 0.024 g/L nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.024 g/L sodium tungstate dihydrate; 12.5 ml/L vitamins comprising 5.0 g/L vitamin B1, 5.0 g/L vitamin B2, 5.0 g/L vitamin B3, 5.0 g/L vitamin B5, 10 g/L vitamin B6, 2.0 g/L vitamin B11, 2.0 g/L vitamin H; and 5.0 g/L aminobenzoic acid, 5.0 g/L lipoic acid, and 1.5 g/L amino acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of crystal form of pentacene comprises vaporizing pentacene powder at a room temperature of 350-400 degrees C, maintaining the raising of temperature for more than 10 minutes, moving a carrier gas to a substrate by vaporized pentacene powder, and solidifying. Preferred Method: The step of maintaining the raising of temperature is carried out for 10-20 minutes. In the two dimensional crystal form of pentacene preparation method, the step of maintaining the raising of temperature is carried out for 5-20 minutes. Preferred Components: The crystal form of pentacene has: a light emitting intensity of 0.1x 103 to 18x 103 absorbance units (au) or 0.1x 103 to 2x 103 au at a wavelength of 560-750 nm or 400-500 nm; and an average length of 5-30 mu m, and includes X-ray diffraction pattern with 2 theta value of 6.26 plus minus 0.2 degrees , 6.84 plus minus 0.2 degrees , 11.76 plus minus 0.2 degrees and 12.32 plus minus 0.2 degrees at a main peak. The substrate includes silicon and silicon dioxide. The pentacene powder is polycrystal or monolithic powder. The two dimensional crystal form of pentacene has disk shape and host crystal face (001). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass contains 60-66 wt.% sand, 10-16 wt.% dolomite, 12-15 wt.% limestone, 1-1.5 wt.% soda, 1-3 wt.% glauber, 10-25 wt.% recycled cullet, less than 1 wt.% aluminum and less than 0.2 wt.% oxidant. Preferred Property: The thickness of ultra-thin white float glass is 2-3 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material contains 70-74 wt.% silica, 0.8-2 wt.% alumina, 13-15 wt.% sodium oxide, 0.012 wt.% or less iron oxide, 8-11 wt.% calcium oxide, 3.5-4 wt.% magnesium oxide and 0.5 wt.% or less antimony oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid solution is concentrated hydrochloric acid. The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal precursor is transition metals, lanthanide metals, actinide series metal, metal alloy, or metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Micromolecules (I) are obtained by heat-refluxing squaraine compound of formula (II) or (III) with nitrogen-containing compound of formula (IV), (V) or (VI) in equimolar amounts under protection of high-purity argon, using a mixed solvent of toluene and n-butanol in a volume ratio of 1:1, reacting for 13 hours, evaporating solvent to dryness, subjecting residue to column chromatography, collecting the corresponding components, and recrystallizing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is nitrogen or argon. The platinum salt solution is chloroplatinic acid solution or platinum potassium chloride solution. The volume to mass ratio of platinum salt solution and the carbon carrier with carbon and nitrogen containing heterocyclic structure is 1.33 ml:40 mg, and the concentration of platinum in the platinum salt solution is 38.55 mmol/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the cleaning and removing impurities comprises boiling the carbon carrier in deionized water, steam processing for 5-7 hours, and vacuum drying. In the step (i), the oxidization treatment comprises adding concentrated nitric acid to the carbon carrier of volume to mass ratio (40-60) ml:1 g, refluxing at 80-100 degrees C for 1-3 hours, cooling to room temperature, diluting with deionized water at room temperature, where the mass to volume ratio of deionized water and the carbon carrier is 1 g:(100-500) ml, stirring at the speed of 100-500 revolutions/minute for 10-14 hours, washing to neutral with deionized water, and vacuum drying at 70-90 degrees C for 9-11 hours. The pH in the hydrothermal reaction kettle is 1-3 or 9-12. Preferred Components: The carbon carrier is activated carbon, carbon nanotube or carbon fiber. The vitamin B compound is nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and/or riboflavin. The organic solvent is ethanol, isopropanol and/or ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter of metallic-silicon powder supplied with fixed amount is 0.1-10 um. The 2nd plasma is atmospheric pressure plasma. 1st plasma exposure part which irradiates a plasma to metallic-silicon powder is a taper-shape. Preferred Components: Substrate that fixes the aggregate of metallic-silicon powder is a clear glass substrate. Plasma gas supplied to 1st plasma exposure part is nitrogen gas. Preferred Process: Metallic-silicon powder is pulverized and classified by an airflow classification system. Plasma is irradiated to metallic-silicon powder. Solvent contained in ink is evaporated by a reduced-pressure drying system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The perylene derivative is 1,7-dibromo-N,N-bis(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)propylamine)-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide prepared by reacting 1,7-dibromo-perylene anhydride with 2-ethylhexyl propylamine under protection of inert gas reaction, in presence of mixed solvent of N-methyl pyrrolidone and n-butyric acid or acetic anhydride, to obtain 1,7-dibromo-perylene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, and reacting 1,7-dibromo-perylene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride with bromide in presence of sulfuric acid as solvent, at 85 degrees C for 53 hours. The triphenylamine derivative is 4-(di-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl boronic acid obtained by reacting 4-bromo-N,N-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) with trimethylborate under protection of inert gas reaction, in presence of tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran as solvent and n-butyl lithium as catalyst at 50-78 degrees C for 6 hours. The 4-bromo-N,N-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) is obtained by reacting 4,4-dimethoxy-diphenylamine and bromoiodobenzene under protection of inert gas, in presence of solvent chosen from toluene and xylene and cuprous chloride as catalyst, adding 1,10-phenanthroline, and reacting at 120-130 degrees C for 48-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organometallic catalyst comprises palladium catalyst or mixture of organic palladium catalyst and organic phosphine ligand in molar ratio of 1:2-1:4. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, chlorobenzene and/or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The organic layer is formed using a solution process. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 224 Compounds (Q) are specifically claimed e.g. 3,5-di(indol-1-yl)-N,N-diphenyl-aniline of formula (Qa), N-(3,5-di(indol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-naphthalene-1-amine, N-(3,5-di(indol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-naphthalene-2-amine, 3,5-di(indol-1-yl)-N-phenyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)aniline, and N-(3,5-di(indol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-pyridin-2-amine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The separating film is a cation exchange membrane, anion exchange membrane, proton exchange membrane, bipolar membrane, microfiltration membrane, or ultrafiltration membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During manufacture of transparent conductive film, oxidation graphene suspension having concentration of 0.0001-0.0003 wt.% and nanosilver wire are prepared, and the oxidation graphene suspension is coated on substrate containing glass, quartz and/or polyethylene terephthalate and dried to obtain graphene oxide film having thickness of 10-50 nm. Preferred Properties: The transparent conductive film has permeability of 80-90% and surface resistance of 40-200 Omega /square. The nanosilver wire has average length of 1-10 mu m and average diameter of 70-80 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): preparation of an electrode catalyst comprises forming the activity nano particle of a core-shell structure by forming a shell using platinum and a core using the palladium. The palladium precursor is dissolved in a first solvent to form the core. The second generation water is formed, cooled at a first temperature and maintained at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature. A first product and a first transition metal precursor are mixed, where the first and second transition metal precursors are the transition metal precursors of the carbonyl compound series, and the first temperature is 100-120 degrees C and the second temperature is 150-180 degrees C. The activity nano particle is obtained and centrifuged. Preferred Components: The first and second transition metals are iron, cobalt or nickel. The core has an average diameter of 1-15 nm. The shell has an average thickness of 1-3 nm. The fuel cell electrode catalyst further comprises a carrier for dipping the activity nano particles, where the carrier is porous carbon, conducting polymer or metal oxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 379 Imidazole derivatives e.g. 2-(4-(10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-1,4,5-triphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazole of formula (Ia), 4,5-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(3-(10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole, 2-(3-(10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole, 1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-(4-(10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazole and 2-(4-(10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)-1,4,5-triphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazole are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particles contain hexafluoro sodium aluminate particles and magnesium-fluoride particles. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the particles is less than the thickness of the coating layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The refractive index of the coating layer is less than 1.6. The haze of electroconductive optical component is 2 or less. Preferred Component: The electroconductive optical component is further equipped with intermediate layer having refractive index more than the coating layer, between base material and conductive layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The iron-containing compound has a trivalent iron atom. The iron-containing compound is halogenated ferric iron, preferably ferric chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is halogen-containing solvent. The fullerene and/or its derivative is unsubstituted fullerene. The fullerene ring in fullerene and/or its derivative is 60C or 70C fullerene ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon oxide in recovered silicon waste is 99.9 %mass or more of high-purity-silicon origin. The recovered silicon waste has moisture content of 7-10 %mass. The silicon block contains 5 mass ppm or less phosphorus, 1 mass ppm or less boron, 10 mass ppm or less carbon and more than 99.9 %mass silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of polycarbonate diol (b) is 450-1250.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Arrangement: The installation has reducing furnace for reducing silica rock, tunnel structure installation, crucible and system for delivery reduced fusion metallic silicon in the crucible. Preferred Composition: The silica rock has purity of less than 10 ppmw, and contains boron and phosphorus as impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The metal silicide is silicide of tungsten, iron, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, chromium, ruthenium, rhenium, cobalt, nickel, tantalum, titanium, zirconium and/or barium. The metal nitride is nitride of silicon, hafnium, zirconium, tantalum, titanium, niobium, sodium, cobalt, aluminum, zinc, lead, magnesium, tin, indium, boron, chromium, molybdenum and barium. The metal carbide or carbonitride is carbide or carbonitride of titanium, tungsten, silicon, zirconium and niobium. The inorganic layer contains at tungsten silicide, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride and/or silicon carbide. The support substrate is glass substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The etching of polycrystalline silicon wafer is carried out by sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrofluoric-acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic material layer contains metal oxide or nitride. The metal is chosen from aluminum, zirconium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum, indium, tin, zinc and silicon. The inorganic nanoparticles are chosen from alumina nano powder, silica nanoparticles, zinc oxide nano particles, titanium oxide nano particles and zirconium oxide nano particles. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid coating layer, inorganic material layer and protective coating layer is 0.1-10 mu m, 5-1000 mm and 0.1-10 mu m, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organosilane is of formula organosilane of formula: R1mSiX4-m (I). The content of organosilane in protective coating layer with respect to 100 pts. wt. inorganic nanoparticles is 10-500 pts. wt.X=H, halo, 1-12C alkoxy, acyloxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or N(R2)2;R2=H or 1-12C alkyl;R3=1-12C alkyl, alkenyl, amino, amide, aldehyde, keto, carboxy, mercapto, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, acryl, methacryl, epoxy, vinyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, arylalkenyl, alkenylaryl, arylalkinyl, alkynylaryl, alkylcarbonyl, 1-12C alkoxy;andm=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The adhesive force of the gas barrier film when maintained between inorganic material layer and protective coating layer at 85 degrees C and relative humidity of 85% for more than 90% of time is 48 or more, measured by Cross Hatch Cut Test.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer contains thin film of resin composition containing epoxy resin, polyester resin having epoxy group and reacting functional group, and amine-type hardener. The base film is a biaxially-stretched polyester film. The adhesive layer is an acrylic adhesive layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition contains curable resin (A), curing agent (C), curable resin (B), and curing agent (D). The curable resin (A) contains compound having two or more (meth)acryloyl groups. The curable resin (B) contains epoxy compound which dissolves in the resin composition. The mass ratio of the curable resin (A) and curable resin (B) is 20/80-80/20. The resin composition further contains thermosetting agent and microparticles chosen from organic microparticles, inorganic microparticles and inorganic-organic hybrid microparticles. Preferred Properties: The contact bonding layer has thickness of 1-50 mu m. The compound having two or more (meth)acryloyl groups has weight average molecular weight of 500 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt includes a nitrate salt or chloride salt. The ink has selenium to indium/gallium ratio of 2/1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic amide is selected from formamides, acetamides or benzamides (preferably dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone). EXAMPLE - A solution of selenium (Se) in ethylene diamine was prepared by placing 0.79 g Se powder and 40 ml ethylene diamine in a flask under a nitrogen atmosphere and heating the mixture to 120 degrees C for 3 hours, at which point the selenium was completely dissolved to form a brown solution. A second solution was prepared containing 1.34 g indium(III) nitrate hydrate and 0.38 g gallium(III) nitrate hydrate dissolved in 20 ml of dimethylformamide under a nitrogen atmosphere. The In/Ga solution was added to the selenium solution over a period of 15 minutes. The reaction produced an orange solution that was stable for several days without precipitation. This precursor solution was deposited on glass substrates by spray deposition at a substrate temperature of 250 degrees C. The composition of the resulting film was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The composition found was 23 atomic% In, 10 atomic% Ga and 67 atomic% Se (Se/(In+Ga)=2.0). The film was then annealed at 500 degrees C for 10 minutes; the composition shifted to 28 atomic% In, 12 atomic% Ga, and 60 atomic% Se (Se/(In+Ga)=1.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The organic electroluminescent element has electrode (A), organic material layer and electrode (B) laminated sequentially. The organic electroluminescent element has organic layer, light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron injection layer and electron transport layer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 124 indole compounds are specifically claimed. e.g. 1-(4-t-butylphenyl)-5-(4-(1H-indol-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-indole of formula (Ia), 5-(4-(1H-indol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-indole, 5-(4-(1H-indol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-indole, 5-(4-(1H-indol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-phenylphenyl)-1H-indole, and 5-(4-(1H-indol-1-yl)phenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-indole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The thin film battery is manufactured using P-type semiconductor, silane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and tetramethyl benzidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the step (a), the plant materials are cut into pieces before cleaning; and adopt ionized water ultrasonic cleaning process. In the step (b), the drying temperature is 60 degrees C. In the step (c), the inert gas is argon, the carbonization temperature is 900 degrees C and the carbonization time is 2 hours. The plant material is leaf or stem of a plant, or bamboo leaves, bamboo shoots or Ginkgo biloba leaves.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the first step, wet grinding method is carried out using a dispersant. In the wet grinding process, the content of wet graphene stones is 30-40 wt.%, the content of dispersant is 3-5 wt.%, and the rest is water, ethanol, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The wet grinding time is 5-6 hours, grinding temperature is 20-200 degrees C. The natural crystalline flake graphite has size of 50 meshes to 500 meshes. The oxidation method is Brodie oxidation method, Staudenmaier method or improved Hummers method. The crucible material is selected from quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dispersant for wet grinding is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate and ammonia water, where the mass ratio of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate is 1:1, and ammonia water is added to adjust the mixture pH value to 11-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of zinc selenide nanocrystals is 5-10 mu m. The diameter of cadmium telluride nanowire is 5-100 mu m. Preferred Component: The solid surface is soda lime glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive material comprises graphite, graphite-like material, graphene, graphene-like material, or carbon. The conductive material comprises metal, metal oxide, metal sulfide, or metal nitride selected from platinum, nickel, gold, palladium, molybdenum, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium dioxide, molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten oxide, tungsten sulfide, tungsten nitride, manganese dioxide, iron sulfide, lithium iron disulfide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron fluorine phosphate, zinc carbon, zinc chloride, lithium ion, lithium manganese spinel, lithium nickel manganese cobalt, lithium air, 5% vanadium-doped lithium iron phosphate olivine, metal hydrides, silver zinc, lead, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride, nickel zinc, silver oxide, nickel oxyhydroxide, and/or molybdenum nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive material comprises carbon derived from the polymerization and carbonization of at least one carbon precursor material selected from furfural, furfuryl alcohol, polyfurfuryl alcohol, resorcinol formaldehyde, sucrose, glucose and melamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first sputtering target has a composition of 33.3 atm.% of Cu and 66.6 atm.% of Ga. The second layer and a fourth layer comprise silver. The metal precursor film further comprises sodium. The semiconductor material comprises less than 10% of sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silver paste comprises PV17B silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diluent comprises borneol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The calcination temperature is 250-450 degrees C or 550-800 degrees C, and the calcination time is 2-9 hours. Preferred Definitions:    R=oxide, fluoride, or nitrate of ytterbium such as ytterbium oxide, and ytterbium nitrate; and    M=oxides, fluorides, carbonates, sulfates, or nitrates of tungsten, such as tungsten oxide, and ammonium tungstate.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 355 indole derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. 4-(5,11-diphenyl-5H,11H-indolo(3,2-b)carbazol-2-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline of formula (A), N-(4-(5,11-diphenyl-5H,11H-indolo(3,2-b)carbazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine, N-(4-(5,11-diphenyl-5H,11H-indolo(3,2-b)carbazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylnaphthalen-2-amine, 4-(5,11-diphenyl-5H,11H-indolo(3,2-b)carbazol-2-yl)-N-phenyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)aniline and N-(4-(5,11-diphenyl-5H,11H-indolo(3,2-b)carbazol-2-yl)phenyl)-N,5-diphenylthiophen-2-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The pH buffer is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol used in an amount of 0.1-30 wt.%. The preservative is isopropanol used in an amount of 0.1-10 wt.%. The anticorrosive agent is ethanolamine and/or aminomethylpropanol, or carboxylic acid of formula: HOOC-R-COOH, and is used in an amount of 0.1-30 wt.%.R=1-20C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surfactant and lubricant are propylene oxide block type or random type glycol adduct and/or polyalkylene glycol ethylene oxide adduct of formula: H-(-O-CH2-CH2-)m-(-O-CH(-CH3)-CH2-)n-(-O-CH2-CH2-)o-OH, and is used in an amount of 1-50 wt.%.m,n=1-100;ando=0-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The nano-dot is material selected from group consisting of silicon type compound of silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium, magnesium, iron, and manganese. The oxide and potential barrier layers are made of silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The doped hetero-junction layer comprises 4-6% hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon, or 10-15% hydrogenated amorphous silicon. The passivation layer comprises silicon nitride (SiNx, where x is not defined) for positive surface charge or aluminum oxide (AlOx, where x is not defined) for negative surface charge. The absorber layer comprises p-type or n-type crystalline silicon. The doped hetero-junction layer has thin-film layers including doped-hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), doped-hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon, a stack of intrinsic doped-hydrogenated amorphous silicon/doped a-Si:H, a stack of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiOx:H)/doped (a-Si:H), or a stack of intrinsic a-SiOx:H/doped c-Si:H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hindered amine light stabilizer is a compound of formula (1).R1=H, 1-18C alkyl, 3-5C acryloyl, or methacryloyl; andR2=2-4C alkenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ionizing radiation-hardenable resin is urethane acrylate or urethane methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The mole fraction (x) of iron and mole fraction (y) of chromium, is 0.26-0.75, and satisfy a relation: xx (x+y). Preferred Properties: Thickness of surface portion sigma phase of the iron-chromium alloy is 200 mu m or less from the surface and the alloy has surface hardness of 450 Hv or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The palladium-supported activated carbon catalyst is a catalyst obtained by supporting activated carbon with mixture of zerovalent metal palladium and/or bivalent palladium compound. Preferred Component: The quantity of catalyst with respect to cyanuric acid or isocyanuric acid is 0.001-3 mol%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is further performed by using organophosphorus compound with the palladium supported activated carbon catalyst, and alkali. The reaction is performed by removing water from reaction system. Preferred Composition: The unsaturated alcohol is 2-propene-1-ol, 3-butene-1-ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 5-hexene-1-ol, 2-butene-1-ol, 3-penten-2-ol or 2-methyl-2-propene-1-ol, preferably 2-propene-1-ol. The alkenyl isocyanurate is triaryl isocyanurate. The organophosphorus compound has diphenylphosphine structure, triphenylphosphine or ferrocene containing phosphine structure. The organophosphorus compound is chosen from triphenylphosphine, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane, 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino) butane, 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino) pentane, 1,6-bis(diphenylphosphino) hexane, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene, 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9'-dimethyl xanthene, 2,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-diphenylether, 1,1'-bis(di-t-butylphosphino) ferrocene, 1,1'-bis(dicyclohexyl phosphino) ferrocene and 1,1'-bis(diisopropyl phosphino) ferrocene. The content of isocyanurate or cyanuric acid with respect to 1 mol% unsaturated alcohol is 3-20 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The bacteria is Bacillus subtilis exhibiting negative charge on surface. Preferred Process: The concentration of bacteria is measured using ultraviolet spectrometer at wavelength of 600 nm with optical absorbance of 1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal precursor is tin having concentration of 1-200 mM.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrazine has concentration of 10-1000 mM. Preferred Conditions: The refluxing process is carried out at 20-30 degrees C for 10-15 hours. The vacuum-drying process is carried out at 60-70 degrees C under 10-2-10-3 torr pressure. The thermochemical reduction process is carried out at 350-500 degrees C for 5-24 hours under hydrogen atmosphere, and maintained at 400 degrees C with temperature increase rate of 10 degrees C/minute for 10-15 hours. Preferred Process: In the bacteria/transition metal (tin) oxide composite powder, tin oxide nanostructure having size of 2-5 nm is adhered on surface of bacteria having length of 1-2 mu m and diameter of 500-800 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The multilayer transition metal dichalcogenide is chosen from molybdenum disulfide, molybdenum(IV) selenide, tungsten selenide, molybdenum telluride and tin(IV) selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary phase nanoparticles contain dysprosium material, rare-earth metal material, platinum material or tungsten carbide material. The support contains neodymium-iron-boron powder particles, tungsten oxide particles and carbon granules. The composite nanoparticles further contain secondary phase material containing conductive ceramic material including indium tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the PFPE-based copolymer in the composition is 20-95 wt.% (preferably 30-90 wt.%, especially 40-60 wt.% or 60-80 wt.%) based on the total weight of the composition. The composition further comprises inert solvent. The composition is applied to the substrate by spray coating, ink-jet coating, drop dispensing, spin-coating, gravure printing, slot-die coating, curtain coating and/or dip-coating. The composition is applied to the substrate by spin coating and the resist composition comprises 50-95 wt.% (preferably 55-90 wt.%, especially 60-80 wt.%) PFPE-based on the total weight of the composition. The composition is applied to the substrate by ink-jet deposition and the resist composition comprises 20-70 wt.% (preferably 30-65 wt.%, especially 40-60 wt.%) PFPE-based on the total weight of the composition. Preferred Components: The polymerization initiator is a thermal or photochemical polymerization initiator, preferably ultra violet (UV)-sensitive photo initiator. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: The copper foil has composition containing 0.001-0.15 %mass tin and/or silver with respect to oxygen-free copper specified according to JIS-H3510, and comprises tough pitch copper specified according to JIS-H3100 and oxygen free copper specified according to JIS-H3100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition exhibits light-stimulated emission having a quantum yield of at least 50 %, preferably at least 60 %. The composition comprises 0.5-20% of reflective material. Preferred Components: The population of QD phosphors comprises: QDs comprising a semiconductor material comprising cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, indium phosphide (preferred), indium arsenide, indium antimonide, aluminum phosphide, aluminum sulfide, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonide, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium antimonide, lead(II) sulfide, lead selenide, silicon, germanium, magnesium sulfide, magnesium selenide and/or magnesium telluride; QDs that do not contain cadmium; and QDs comprising a core of a first semiconductor material and at least a first shell of a semiconductor material. The reflective material comprises: particles of an inorganic material; and particles of material comprising barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), aluminum silicate, or yttrium aluminum garnet. The primary matrix material is a liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus comprises one or more components of LCD. The primary light source is LED. The secondary light source is a polymer film, and comprises polymer beads.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The liquid comprises: a solvent and a population of monomers capable of reacting to form a polymer; and a solvent and a polymer. The liquid is a printable ink. The matrix material comprises polymer beads, or a polymer film. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The core of quantum cutting layer is made of thin film containing trivalent erbium ion or trivalent ion, and glass ceramic. The quantum clipping layer further contains sensitizing agent chosen from trivalent cerium ion, trivalent bismuth ion, divalent europium ion and divalent ytterbium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of magnesium and zinc in the thin film is 0-0.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer comprises zinc and silicon compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive carbon black is EC600JD, EC300J, Vulcan XC72 and/or BP2000. The conductive carbon black particle size is 10-30 nm. Preferred Method: The mechanical ball milling is for 10 minutes to 1 hour. The mechanical ball milling is done by dry grinding or wet milling operation mode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Preparation of boron-composition involves 20-60 pts boron-containing compound, 0-50 pts alcohol compound, 20-80 pts organic solvent to a reaction container, stirring continuously at 60-150 degrees C, and refluxing continuously for 1-5 hours. Usage method of multi-boron nano silicon composite slurry further involves coating multi-boron nano silicon composite slurry on silicon chip surface, and performing boron diffusion doping using boron tribromide and nitrogen. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of boron-composition and silicon is 0.05-0.2. The boron-containing compound is boric acid, diboron trioxide, and borazine. The protective atmosphere is nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol compound is isopropyl alcohol, terpineol, and isobornyl cyclohexanol. The organic solvent is toluene and borazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strong alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide. Preferred Method: The alkali solution has concentration of 6-12 mol/L. In mixed solution final concentration of titanium element is 0.05-0.1 mol/L. The aqueous solution of palladium chloride has concentration of 1-5 g/l. The copper chloride and palladium chloride weight ratio is 1-4. The copper chloride and palladium chloride are dispersed in water solution of nm titanium dioxide in quantity of 4-8 times to form catalyst carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium organic precursor is butyl titanate, or isopropyl titanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon support is chosen from carbon nanopowder, carbon nanotube and/or carbon nanorod.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from distilled water, methanol, ethanol and/or ethylene glycol. The reducing agent is sodium borohydride, formaldehyde, and/or ethylene glycol. The content of platinum-cobalt particles is 10-70 wt.% with respect to content of carbon supported on the support. Preferred Process: The platinum-cobalt based electrocatalyst is manufactured by carrying out reduction reaction at 40-90 degrees C for 30 minutes to 24 hours. The carbon support is preprocessed using nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Concentration of ferric chloride solution is 0.5-3 mol/L. Mass-to-volume (g:ml) ratio of fish meat and ferric chloride solution is 1:2-1:10. Preferred Conditions: Drying temperature is 50-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle diameter of silver nanoparticle is 40-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-temperature melting layer contains silica or alumina. The monolithic refractory material contains alumina, mullite or silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The nonlinear optical triazine reactive dye is prepared by mixing aminoazobenzene and cyanuric chloride in organic solvent, reacting at - 5-5 degrees C, mixing uniformly, adding acid-binding agent, reacting at - 5-50 degrees C for 2-60 hours, adding aminophenyl sulfonic acid, heating to 40-80 degrees C for 2-60 hours, cooling to room temperature and purifying. Preferred Component: The solvent is acetone, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide. The acid binding agent is sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Constructing the strain comprises taking the strain PAO1 as host bacterium, inserting pBBR1MCS-5 vector in methyltransferase gene at EcoRI and SpeI restriction sites, importing recombinant expression plasmid, amplifying using PCR method, connecting with a sequencing vector PMD19-T, sequencing, matching with gene bank, connecting phzM gene and pBBR1MCS-5 vector using EcoRI and SpeI restriction enzyme cutting site to obtain recombinant plasmid pBBR1MCS-5-phzM, combining recombinant plasmid pBBR1MCS-5-phzM with DH5 alpha competent cell to obtain recombinant DH5 alpha -pBBR1MCS-phzM, selecting positive clone, identifying the positive clone using plasmid electroporation transformation method, and screening using 50 g/ml of gentamicin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of ultra-long copper nano wire, comprises: completely dissolving cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactant in hexadecylamine organic amine solvent at 150-200 degrees C to obtain the solution A, completely dissolving copper acetylacetone as copper source in the obtained solution A, stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the solution B, adding the obtained solution B into silicon wafer coated with molybdenum as a catalyst, introducing into a hydrothermal kettle, reacting at 140-200 degrees C for 5-20 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing for 3-5 times, and vacuum drying the obtained solid at 50-80 degrees C for 2-8 hours to obtain the ultra-long copper nano wire. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of ultra-long copper nano wire and titanium in titanium source is 1:0.68-1:6. The titanium source comprises titanyl sulfate, tetrabutyl titanate, isopropyl titanate, titanium tetrachloride and titanium chloride. The hole trapping agent comprises methanol (preferred), sodium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, disodium-EDTA and sodium-EDTA.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The nitrogen-containing compound is urea, melamine, amide, and/or ammonium salt. The sulfur-containing compound is dibenzyl sulfide, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and/or 2-thiophene-carboxaldehyde. The nitrogen-compound compound and sulfur-containing compound contain both nitrogen and sulfur, preferably thiourea and/or L-cysteine-S-2-thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Modified carbon nanotubes are obtained by mixing concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 1:3, adding carbon nanotubes, mixing at 80-100 degrees C for 8-10 hours, water-washing carbon nanotubes, and filtering until the filtrate is neutral. Modified titanium dioxide is obtained by grinding titanium dioxide, calcining the powder for 3-5 hours in a muffle furnace at 400-600 degrees C, adding 0.5-1 mol/l nitric acid solution to titanium dioxide powder, baking for 1-2 hours at 150-250 degrees C, calcining for 1-3 hours at 400-600 degrees C, grinding, adding 0.5-1 mol/l hydrofluoric acid, stirring for 8-10 hours, water-washing obtained suspension, filtering, and sintering at 70 degrees C. The carrier material is obtained mixing the intermediate with carbon nanotube solution in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:1, stirring for 1-2 hours, adding isopropanol, stirring for 0.5-1 hour, adding mixed solution of glycol, isopropanol, and ethylene glycol in a volume ratio of 2:4:1, stirring overnight for 10-12 hours, and water-washing. The mass ratio of titanium dioxide and ruthenium dioxide is 100:5-100:40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 0.001-0.1:1. The alkaline solution is cesium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution, sodium carbonate solution or lithium carbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkaline solution to (II) is 20-25:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises dissolving 2,7-dibromo dibenzothiophene sulfone (II) and 4-(2-(phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl boronic acid compounds of formula (III) or 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(4-(2-(phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane compounds of formula (IV) in an alkaline solution containing a catalyst and organic solvent under anaerobic condition respectively, and then performing Suzuki reaction at temperature of 70-130 degrees C for 20-48 hours, where the molar ratio of (II) to (III) or (IV) is 1:2-3. Preferred Definitions:    R = methyl, ethyl or t-butyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silica gel has 200-400 meshes, preferably 300-400 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises carrying out nucleophilic addition reaction of a benzene compound of formula (II) and a strong base to obtain substituted benzene compound of formula (III); carrying out affinity reaction of (III) and fullerene to obtain a reaction system; and carrying out silica gel column chromatography using reaction system and an eluent. Preferred Method: The nucleophilic addition reaction is carried out at 50-70 degrees C, preferably 60 degrees C for 15 minutes to 2 hours. The affinity reaction is carried out at 80-150 degrees C, preferably 120 degrees C for 2-24 hours, preferably 8 hours. Preferred Component: The strong base is sodium methoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium butoxide, and/or potassium butoxide. The mol ratio of (II), strong base, and fullerene is 1:1-2:0.3-2, preferably 1:1.04:1. The mol ratio of (III) and fullerene is 1:1-2:0.3-2, preferably 1:1.04:1. The eluent comprises carbon disulfide and petroleum ether. The volume ratio of carbon disulfide and petroleum ether is 1:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Method: The organic layer is formed by performing solution process of (I). Preferred Components: The organic electric device comprises a successively laminated first electrode, and a second electrode. The organic layer includes a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole-transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron-transport layer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 152 compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. N4-(benzothiophen-3-yl)-N1,N1,N4-triphenyl-benzene-1,4-diamine of formula (II), N4-(benzothiophen-3-yl)-N4-phenyl-N1,N1-bis(4-phenylphenyl)benzene-1,4-diamine, N-(4-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)phenyl)-N-phenyl-benzothiophen-3-amine, N-(4-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)phenyl)-N-(1-naphthyl)benzothiophen-3-amine, and N-(4-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)phenyl)-N-(2-naphthyl)benzothiophen-3-amine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Method: The organic layer is formed by a solution process. Preferred Components: The organic electroluminescent device includes a first electrode, and a second electrode. The organic layer includes a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole-transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron-transport layer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 74 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. N3,N3,N8,N8-tetraphenylphenanthridine-3,8-diamine of formula (I), N3,N8-bis(1-naphthyl)-N3,N8-diphenyl-phenanthridine-3,8-diamine, N3,N3,N8,N8-tetrakis(1-naphthyl)phenanthridine-3,8-diamine, N3,N8-bis(1-naphthyl)-N3,9-bis(4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl)phenanthridine-3,8-diamine, and N3,N8-bis(1-naphthyl)-N3,9-bis(6-phenyl-2-naphthyl)phenanthridine-3,8-diamine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 336 phenanthridine compounds are specifically claimed e.g. 2,6-bis(4-(quinolin-8-yl)phenyl)phenanthridine of formula (Ia), 2,6-bis(4-(isoquinolin-5-yl)phenyl)phenanthridine, 2,6-bis(4-(isoquinolin-4-yl)phenyl)phenanthridine, 2,6-bis(4-(isoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl)phenanthridine and 2,6-bis(4-(isoquinolin-7-yl)phenyl)phenanthridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises dissociating a second carbon precursor to the solvent. The step of forming the carbon/metal composites comprises ultrasonically supplying droplet to the spray solution, feeding the droplet into a reactor to pulverize, and recovering carbon/metal composites by filtering the particles. Preferred Components: The non-precious metal precursor includes copper nitrate or nickel nitrate. The first carbon precursor includes citric acid. The second carbon precursor includes sucrose. The mole ratio of citric acid and non-precious metals is 0.1:1 to 1.5:1. The mole ratio of sucrose and non-precious metals is 0.1:1 to 0.4:1. The non-precious metals include copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, iron or their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is epoxy resin and ester. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron donor is of formula (II)-(IX). The electron aromatic monomer having functionality is of formula (X)-(XIV). The electron-receptor polymer is fullerene 60, fullerene derivative, polybenzimidazole, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole and (6,6)phenyl-61C-butyricacidmethylester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The silica nanoparticle is the colloidal silica form obtained through sol-gel reaction, micro emulsion or the ultrasonic treatment, and hydrolyzation of the silicon precursor. The ultrasonic treatment is carried out under strength of 50-200 W/cm2 for 5-60 minutes. The heat-treating step is carried out at 200-350 degrees C under mixed gas of inert gas and hydrogen gas for 30 minutes to 5 hours. Preferred Components: The silica nanoparticle has a size of 10-500 nm. The metal nanoparticle is platinum, gold, palladium or nickel, and has a size of 1-3 nm. The silica in the silica nanoparticle is present in an amount of 2-50 wt.%. The conductive carbon is carbon black, sphere carbon, carbon nanotube or graphite nanofiber. The mass ratio of the conductive carbon to silica is 0.1-1. The inert gas is nitrogen, helium or argon gas. The mixing volume ratio of the hydrogen gas to inert gas is 1:9-1:1. The metal in the metal nanoparticle is present in an amount of 0.05-0.5 mg/cm2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 30 wt.% monovinyl tetraalkylsiloxane of formula: (RO)3-Si-CH=CH2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The chemically reactive resin is ultraviolet hardened resin, visible ray hardened resin or thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyolefin-clay plate-shaped composite has length-thickness ratio of 1.5-5, length of 1-5 mu m and thickness of 0.5-3 mu m. The white opaque polyester film has flexural strength of 5 mN/m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas diffusion layer is chosen from carbon paper, carbon cloth and carbon felt. Preferred Properties: The metal nanocatalyst has particle diameter of 1-50 nm. The porous diffusion layer has thickness of 5-30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal precursor is the platinum(II)bis(acetylacetonato), palladium(II)bis(acetylacetonato) and cobalt(II)bis(acetylacetonato).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte is perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer emulsion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating solution comprises acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, cyclohexane and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating layer comprises acrylic resin, silicone resin and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The reinforcing material is glass fiber, glass fiber cloth, glass cloth such as glass fabric, glass nonwoven fabric, glass mesh, glass bead and glass flake, and silica particle consisting of a colloidal silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix includes the cross-linked rubber type compound consisting of silicone rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene group rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, neoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene, styrene ethylene butylenes styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorinated rubber or plasticized PVC rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The glycol ether compound is monoethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, triethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, pentaethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, triethylene glycol monopropyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and/or tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether. The complexing agent is EDTA, diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, gluconic aid, oxalic acid, and/or tartaric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cleaning agent composition comprises 0.5-30 wt.% complexing agent, 0.1-10 wt.% glycol ether compound, 0.1-10 wt.% alkali metal hydroxide, 0.1-15 wt.% polymeric compound, and remaining water. The copolymer consists of 10-90 wt.% carboxylic acid/ester-containing unit and 10-90 wt.% sulfonic acid/sulfonate-containing unit. The polymeric compound has a weight average molecular weight of 1000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Process: The component consists of workpiece (I) with hydrophilic surface and workpiece (II) with hydrophobic surface of silicon. A silane coupling agent is transduced into the component containing silicon. Ultraviolet-rays are irradiated on the component containing workpiece (I) with hydrophilic surface, and workpiece (II) with hydrophobic surface having silane coupling agent. The irradiated surface(s) are laminated to contact, and heated and/or pressurized, interposed and bonded to form workpiece.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is epoxy-type, acryl-type or methacryl-type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant comprises hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, arsenic, phosphorus, bismuth, indium, antimony, lead, tin, germanium, selenium, tellurium, magnesium, cadmium, zinc, and/or mercury, preferably indium and/or antimony. The group III element comprises aluminum, gallium and/or indium. The group V element comprises nitrogen. The nitrogen-containing species comprises active neutral species of nitrogen. The active neutral species of nitrogen comprises nitrogen species having the lowest excited state of molecular nitrogen. The substrate is exposed to the group V precursors for a time period no longer than that required to form a group III-V thin film at sub-monolayer coverage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The thickness of the surfactant layer is between one and two monolayers. Preferred Method: The method involves depositing less than one monolayer of the group III metal when the substrate is exposed to the group III precursors in the first or third processing region. The growth of the film occurs at a temperature of 500-800 degrees C. The method further involves contacting the substrate with a hydrogen-containing species before the substrate is exposed to the group V precursors. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layers: The silicon comprises device having rectifying junction(s) comprising p-n junction(s). The silicon surface n-type diffused layers through which hydrogen diffuses, are phosphorus diffused layers. Silicon surface p-type diffused layers through which hydrogen diffuses, are boron diffused layers, gallium diffused layers or aluminum diffused layers. Preferred Properties: The cumulative power of all the incident photons is 20000 mW/cm2 or more. The silicon surface n-type diffused layers have peak doping concentration of 1x 1016 atoms/cm3 or less. The silicon surface phosphorus diffused layers have peak doping concentration of 1x 1016 atoms/cm3 or less. The silicon surface p-type diffused layers have peak doping concentration of 1x 1016 atoms/cm3 or less. The silicon surface boron diffused layers have peak doping concentrations of 1x 1016 atoms/cm3 or less. The silicon surface gallium diffused layers have peak doping concentration of 1x 1016 atoms/cm3 or less. The silicon surface aluminium diffused layers have peak doping concentrations of 1x 1016 atoms/cm3 or less. The intensity of illumination applied to the device is controlled to maintain the Fermi level at value of 0.5-0.22 ev above mid-gap. Preferred Source: The source of illumination for cooling is an array of light emitting diodes, infra-red lamps or laser.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen sources comprise layer(s) of silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride or layers of amorphous silicon and layer(s) of aluminium oxide and gas or plasma source of atomic hydrogen, and are deposited onto surface passivating layers comprising silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: The 1st layer of epitaxially grown silicon is deposited on greater than or equal to 1 porous release layer of donor wafer. The 2nd layer of epitaxially grown silicon is deposited directly onto the 1st layer. The 3rd layer of epitaxially grown silicon is deposited directly onto the 2nd layer. Surface texturing is performed by reactive ion etching with gas mixture of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), nitrogen oxide (N2O), chlorine (Cl2), and oxygen (O2) as plasma gases. Preferred Compositions: The 1st layer is doped with 1x 1016-1x 1020 cm-3, preferably 1x 1019-5x 1019 cm-3 N-type doping element and P-type doping element. The 2nd layer is doped with 1x 1015-1x 1017 cm-3, preferably 1x 1016-5x 1016 cm-3 P-type doping element and N-type doping element. The 3rd layer is doped with 1x 1017-1x 1020 cm-3, preferably 1x 1018-1x 1019 cm-3 P- or N-type doping element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing (cyclo)alkenyl zinc halide compound is halogenated trifluorovinyl zinc or halogenated fluorine-containing cycloalkenyl zinc compound. The fluorine-containing olefin is tetrafluoroethylene, cyclic perfluoro-olefin or chlorotrifluoroethylene. The molar ratio of the zinc halide and magnesium is 0.1-5. The molar ratio of the zinc halide and fluorine-containing olefin is 0.01-100. Preferred Process: The manufacture of fluorine-containing compound and manufacture of hexafluorobutadiene are carried out in presence of palladium or nickel. The production of fluorine-containing (cyclo)alkenyl zinc halide compound is performed in presence of tetraalkyl urea as aprotic polar solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal material is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, iron, zinc, and titanium. The metal of the metal oxide material is at least one selected from the group consisting of cadmium, zinc, indium, lead, molybdenum, tungsten, antimony, titanium, silver, manganese, tin, zirconium, strontium, gallium, silicon, and chromium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon material is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon black, graphene, fullerene, and graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive polymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polysulfur nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first metal comprises platinum-nitrate, platinum-halide, platinum- hydroxide, platinum- sulfate, palladium-nitrate, palladium-halide, palladium-hydroxide, and palladium-sulfate. The second metal comprises nickel-nitrate, nickel-halide, nickel- hydroxide, nickel-sulfate, iron-nitrate, iron-halide, iron-hydroxide, iron-sulfate, cobalt-nitrate, cobalt-halide, cobalt-hydroxide, cobalt-sulfate, copper-nitrate, copper-halide, copper- hydroxide, and copper-sulfate. The standard reduction potential of the reducing agent is less than -0.23 V. The reducing agent is sodium borohydride, hydrazine, lithium aluminum hydride, or lithium triethylborohydride. The solvent is mixture of alcohol and water. The concentration of the surfactant is 2-10 times of critical micelle concentration about water. The carrier is a carbon-based material or inorganic material. The carbon-based material is carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon fiber, and carbon nanowires. The inorganic material includes alumina, silica, titania and zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The repeat count of oxyethylene unit included in polyoxyethylene, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate or polyoxyethylene oleyl ether is 10-25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The base material is flexible stainless steel, aluminum alloy or titanium metal sheet, and has thickness of 0.02-0.2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass plate contains 5-20% of silicon dioxide, 56-75% of alumina, 8-22% of sodium oxide, 0-10% of potassium oxide, 0-14% of magnesium oxide, 0-5% of zirconium dioxide, and 0-5% of calcium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second chemical solution comprises a metal halide. The nanoparticles comprise lead sulfide, lead selenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, indium phosphide, and copper indium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first chemical solution comprises a solvated alkyl amine, a solvated alkene amine, and a solution of 1,2-dichlorobenze and oleylamine. The second chemical solution comprises a solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and gold chloride trihydrite, gold chloride hydrite, and gold chloride. The step of depositing the first chemical solution comprises depositing the first chemical solution on silicon, glass, indium tin oxide and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-softening point glass powder further comprises 8 wt.% or less molybdenum trioxide. The sum of total content of the tungsten trioxide and molybdenum trioxide is 1-12 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carboxylic acid is maleic anhydride, thioglycolic acid, methyl thioglycolate, mercaptosuccinic acid, or mercaptosuccinic acid methyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The telechelic ionomer is obtained by reacting carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride and/or carboxylate ester with polyolefin of formula (III) having both terminal double bond, and ionizing carboxyl group using metal salt, ammonia, or organic amine. Preferred Composition: The polyolefin block is polyethylene block, polypropylene block, poly-1-butene block, propylene ethylene copolymer block, propylene-1-butene copolymer block, or ethylene-1-butene copolymer block. EXAMPLE - 2.81 mmol Both terminal double bond polypropylene, 5.62 mmol maleic anhydride and 0.17 mmol antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene were mixed, heated and refluxed at 190 degrees C in 5 ml decalin under nitrogen gas atmosphere for 24 hours. The reaction liquid was poured in acetone, the reprecipitation refinement of the polymer was carried out, and the both terminal maleation polypropylene was obtained. The obtained both terminal maleation polypropylene was dispersed in methanol. Sodium hydroxide was added and made to ring-open by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour and the maleic anhydride origin ionomer was obtained. The neutralization component was obtained by dispersing maleic anhydride origin ionomer to methanol, and neutralized by hydrochloric acid. The obtained maleic anhydride origin ionomer has yield of 99%, number average molecular weight of 178000, and dispersion degree of 2.9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of expanded graphite is 20-220 mu m. Preferred Process: The electroconductive fluororubber composition is obtained by expanding graphite to 100-300 ml/g by heat-processing an acid-treated graphite at 500-1200 degrees C, and pulverizing the expanded graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound having boiling point of 20-40 degrees C, is isopentane and/or n-pentane. The curable composition further contains a silane coupling agent and an organic tin-type curing catalyst. Preferred Property: The specific gravity of curable composition is 0.9-1.3. Preferred Component: The curable composition is filled in a container provided with a nozzle, pressurized, and discharged and used from the nozzle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The principal chains of component (A) are polyoxyalkylene-type polymer and/or (meth)acrylic-ester-type polymer. The principal chain of component (A) is linear structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous emulsion composition further contains particles which have oxide of element chosen from silicon, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, zinc, germanium, indium, tin, antimony and cerium as main component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant having group and polyalkylene oxide structure of having aromatic ring is alkoxy compound of formula: X-O-(R1O)n-R2 (I). The acrylic equivalent of polyfunctional acrylate compound is 110 or less.R1=2-4C alkylene;R2=H, PO(OM)2 or SO3M;M=H, metal ion or ammonium ion;n=5-200;X=group of formula (I) or (II);R3,R4=H or alkyl;andm=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The material of gasket is made of stainless steel, carbon, copper, aluminum and silver. The materials of heat exchanger plate are made of stainless steel, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, aluminum, iron, titanium, carbon, aluminum nitride, and boron nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The translucent particle comprises silica, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, or titania. The translucent electroconductive crystal is a translucent electroconductive film containing zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, or titania. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of translucent particle is less than the maximum length in the translucent electroconductive crystal. The transparent conductive crystals have orientation such that the length of alignment direction of the transparent conductive crystals is smaller than the maximum length of the transparent conductive crystal in a plane perpendicular to the alignment direction. The average particle diameter of the translucent particle is 40 nm or less. The ratio of thickness of primary layer along layer direction and thickness of secondary layer along layer direction is 0.4 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diol (a1-1) is preferably chosen from isoprene glycol and 1,3-butylene glycol. The amount of diol (a1-1) is 10-60 %mass with respect to total amount of fluid (a). The primer layer (X) has crosslinked structure containing crosslinkable functional groups chosen from methylol amide group and alkoxy methylamide group. The electroconductive pattern further has plating layer (Z) on surface of the layer (Y) containing electroconductive substance. Preferred Process: The coating-film (x) is immersed in ethanol at 25 degrees C for 30 seconds and absorbs ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating film (x) comprises resin chosen from urethane resin having polycarbonate structure, urethane resin having aliphatic polyester structure, urethane-acrylic composite resin, and acrylic resin having structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Component: The masking material is hot-molten ink, or ultra-violet hardening ink.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid solution is hydrofluoric acid solution, or nitric acid solution. The alkaline solution is potassium hydroxide solution, or sodium hydroxide solution. Preferred Property: The mono-crystalline wafer structure has (100) orientation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises forming a fourth layer above the third layer before the heating step, where the fourth layer comprises silver. In the method, the heating step comprises the steps of: heating the metal precursor film at 300-400 degrees C in an atmosphere comprising the chalcogen source; heating the metal precursor film at 400-550 degrees C in an atmosphere comprising the chalcogen source; and heating the metal precursor film at 550-650 degrees C in an inert gas. In the method: the first and second layers are each formed by a process comprising one of batch or in-line (co)evaporation, batch or in-line physical vapor deposition (sputtering), atomic layer deposition (ALD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD), plasma enhanced ALD (PEALD), atmospheric pressure CVD (APCVD), ultra-fast atmospheric ALD, plating, printing or spraying of inks, screen printing, inkjet printing, slot die coating, gravure printing, or wet chemical depositions; the heating step is performed in a batch system; and the heating step is performed in an in-line system. Preferred Components: The sputtering target has a composition of 60 atomic%, preferably 33.3 atomic% copper and 40 atomic% or 66.6 atomic% gallium. The metal precursor film further comprises sodium. The semiconductor material comprises less than 10% sulfur. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), copper-indium-gallium-selenium is of formula Cu(InGa)(1-2x)Se2(1+x).x = -0.1 to 0.1Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the temperature higher than melting point of copper or boiling point of selenium is 1000-1200 degrees C. In the step (ii), the temperature higher than melting point of indium or gallium is 500-800 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The container is provided with an upper-layer heating area and high heating area of lower layer, where the upper layer heating area is divided into multiple independent spaces.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of ferric chloride solution is 0.5-3 mol/L. The mass-to-volume ratio of the carbon powder or carbon nanotube to ferric chloride solution is 1:2-1:10 g/mL.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of carbon powder or carbon nanotube and melamine is 1:1-1:0.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper content of the copper organic complex is 1-50 g/l. The etching agent is added in a form of supplementary liquid so that potassium peroxysulfate maintains the concentration of cuprous ion to be less than 1 g/l. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The annealing process is carried out under protection of nitrogen atmosphere in a furnace containing sulfide powder or selenium powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Steam is supplied to the surface of reforming catalyst before supplying hydrogen and steam regeneration is carried out. The sulfur remaining in residual gas after removing sulfur is discharged from the fuel cell system. Preferred Composition: The amount of hydrogen supplied is 1-15 vol.%, and is supplied from renewable gas supply. The resurgent gas comprises hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal in the metal oxide thin film buffer layer is aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (iv), the flow rate of silane is 20-30 sccm, and the flow rate of propane is 40-60 sccm. In the step (v), the hydrogen flow rate is 70-100 ml/minute, and the etching time is 30-50 minutes. In the step (vi), removing of compounds generated in hydrogen etching as follows: (via) reducing the temperature to 1000 degrees C after hydrogen etching, introducing hydrogen at the flow rate of 2-4 l/minute for 15 minutes, (vib) cooling to 850 degrees C, introducing silane at the flow rate of 0.4-1.2 ml/minute for 10 minutes, (vic) stopping ventilating, heating to 1000 degrees C for 10 minutes, and (vid) heating to 1100 degrees C for 10 minutes. In the step (vii), the flow rate of the argon gas is 95-98 sccm, and the flow rate of chlorine gas is 5-2 sccm. In the step (viii), the electron beam vapor deposition of nickel film as follows: the distance between the substrate and the target material is 50 cm, the reaction chamber pressure is 5x 10-4 Pa, the beam current is 40 mA, and the evaporation time is 10-20 minutes. In the step (viii), the flow rate of the argon gas during annealing process is 30-90 sccm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The casting container is made of the copper material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The first crucible part is made of graphite and coated with silicon carbide or silicon nitride, and the second crucible part is made of quartz. The shield is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Manufacture of graphene involves adding 1 g sodium nitrate and 1 g graphite to 46 ml sulfuric acid with 98% ice bath, stirring for 20 minutes, adding 6 g potassium permanganate and 80 ml distilled water at 80 plus minus 5 degrees C, stirring for 30 minutes, adding 30 wt.% hydrogen peroxide, filtering, washing the filtrates, dispersing the obtained product in 500 ml water, ultrasonically-treating with power of 150-200 W for 3 hours. The preparation of cathode catalyst involves adding 10 mg graphite to 1-2 ml deionized water, mixing chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, and reducing the loading amount of platinum to 0.5-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of silicon oxide and hydrofluoric acid is 0.05-0.25. The molecular sieve is HMS-type molecular sieve, SBA-15-type molecular sieve or MCM-41-type molecular sieve. The soluble ruthenium salt containing crystal water is chosen from ruthenium chloride, ruthenium acetate, potassium ruthenium chloride or sodium ruthenium chloride. The soluble iridium salt is iridium trichloride, iridium tetrachloride, iridium acetate, iridium hydrochloride, potassium iridium chloride or sodium iridium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 30-50 nm. Preferred Compounds: The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and/or phosphoric acid. The cupric salt and cerium salt are nitrate, acetate and/or ammonium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The non-protonic solvent is acetone, methanol and/or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic solution is ferrous sulfate solution or ferrous chloride solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organometallic catalyst is organic palladium catalyst or mixture of organic palladium catalyst and organophosphorous ligand, where molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst to organophosphorous ligand is 1:2-1:4. The adding amount of organometallic catalyst accounting for 0.001-0.1 times to molar amount of (II). The molar ratio of (II) to (III) or (IV) is 1:2-1:2.5. The organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and the organophosphorous ligand is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed):The preparation of (I) comprises carrying out Suzuki reaction to 2,7-dibromo dibenzothiophene sulfone compounds of formula (II) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-(4-(3-pyridyl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (III) or 4-(3-pyridyl) phenyl boronic acid (IV) in presence of organometallic catalyst and organic solvent under inert gas atmosphere respectively. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction temperature is 60-130 degrees C and time is 20-48 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, chlorobenzene or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier gas comprises air, argon or nitrogen gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non aqueous solvent comprises ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is organic palladium or mixture containing organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand, and alkaline solution is cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), or lithium carbonate (Li2CO3). Organic palladium is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate, tris(2-benzilidene acetone)palladium, or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride. Molar ratio organic palladium:compound A is 0.001-0.1:1, and molar ratio alkaline solution:compound A is 20-25:10. Preferred Definitions:    D=1-12C, preferably 6-12C alkyl or alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Catalyst is mixture of organic palladium, such as e.g. triphenyl phosphine palladium, palladium acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium, or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, and organic phosphorus ligand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Mole ratio organic palladium:compound (A) is 0.001-0.1:1. Basic organic solvent is cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), or lithium carbonate (Li2CO3). Mole ratio organic solvent:compound (A) is 20-25:1. Preferred Definitions:    D, D1=1-4C alkyl or 1-4C alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Method: The organic layer is formed by performing solution process of (I). Preferred Components: The organic electric device comprises a successively laminated first electrode, and a second electrode. The organic layer includes a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole-transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron-transport layer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 84 compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. N-phenyl-N-(4-(6-phenylindolo(2,3-b)quinoxalin-9-yl)phenyl)quinolin-8-amine of formula (Ia), N,N-diphenyl-4-(6-phenylindolo(2,3-b)quinoxalin-9-yl)aniline, N-phenyl-N-(4-(6-phenylindolo(3,2-b)quinoxalin-9-yl)phenyl)pyridin-2-amine, N-phenyl-N-(4-(6-phenylindolo(3,2-b)quinoxalin-9-yl)phenyl)-5-(4-phenylphenyl)pyridin-2-amine, and N-(2-naphthyl)-N-(4-(6-phenylindolo(3,2-b)quinoxalin-9-yl)phenyl)quinolin-8-amine.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fullerene compound (I) is fullerene compound chosen from 23 fullerene compounds e.g. fullerene compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ie). The solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, 2-propanol, water and protic solvent containing oxygen atoms, benzene, toluene, benzonitrile, tetrahydrofuran naphthalene, carbon disulfide, anisole, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1-methyl-naphthalene, 1-chloro-naphthalene and xylene.n=1-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further includes: preparing the gold seed using CTAB; and adding the gold seed with the growth solution, where the growth of the gold nanorod is performed at 10-100 degrees C for 1 hour, and the ratio of the BDAC and CTAB is 0.60:2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cadmium precursor is cadmium oxide and/or cadmium stearate. Preferred Properties: The thickness of thin layer coating is 35-45 nm. The thickness of bismuth catalyst layer is 3-7 nm. The cadmium telluride nanowire has diameter of 10-15 mu m and length of 2-4 mu m. Preferred Process: The heat-treatment is carried out in argon atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant contains tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, oleic acid and/or hexadecylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The particle diameter of polystyrene microsphere core layer is 160-320 nm. The particle size of gold nanoparticle is 15-30 nm. The particle diameter of the gold nano core-shell structure catalyst is controlled by adjusting the size of polystyrene microspheres. The grain diameter of polystyrene microsphere is controlled by adjusting the amount of potassium persulfate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is chosen from 23 compounds e.g. titanium oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide and iron oxide. The metal is coated with tetramethoxy phenylporphyrin and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wafer cleaning agent composition comprises water (balance amount), alkali metal hydroxide (0.1-10 wt.%) and polymeric compound (0.1-15 wt.%) including (I) (10-90 wt.%) and (II) (10-90 wt.%). The average molecular weight of the polymeric compound is 1000-100000. The alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cutting fluid is chosen from ethylenglycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding inorganic coagulant with a solution of alcohol or water, stirring the solution, and filtering the solution using a filter as a glass filter or a filter paper to obtain coarse-grain graphene oxide nanoparticle. Preferred Components: The coagulant includes an inorganic material coagulant comprising gold, silver, platinum, iron, aluminum sulfate, iron sulfide and zeolite and membranous polymer coagulant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The membranous polymers coagulant comprises polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide and its derivates, and polyethyleneimine. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent includes a mild organic reducing agent comprising alcohol, methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, organic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and glycerol. The oxidizing agent is comprised of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, or vanadium ion in oxidation state of 5+ or 4+.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of glass or stainless steel. The resistance of the transparent conductive thin film is less than 1x 10-4 Omega .cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The under-stoichiometric composition has an average over the entire layer thickness, where the coating composition comprises 100% chromium on the support material and 100% chromium nitride on the surface. Preferred Method: The deposition of chromium carbide takes place instead of or along with the deposition of chromium nitride by the reactive nitrogen atmosphere, which is completely or partially replaced by a reactive atmosphere of carbon e.g. methane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas forming agents are cyclohexylbenzene and biphenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The source gas is made from silicon atom supply gas, carbon atom supply gas, silicon carbide gas and halide gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is formed of gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, silicon, or sapphire. The semiconductor layer is formed of silicon, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, aluminum arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, aluminum phosphide, indium antimonide, gallium antimonide, aluminum antimonide, gallium nitride, indium nitride, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide and zinc oxide. The wavelength-conversion material is formed of phosphors comprising material selected from the group consisting of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, cerium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet, aluminum garnet-based phosphor, nitride-based phosphor, oxynitride-based phosphor, silicate-based phosphor, and quantum dots.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The wavelength-conversion material is formed of silicon, epoxy, glass, spin-on glass, polyimide, and polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The etching solution comprises tetramethylammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The energy recovery device comprises copper indium gallium selenide composites, copper zinc tin sulfide composites, iron sulfide, zinc selenide, LEDs used materials, and/or cesium telluride, gallium arsenide phosphide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, indium gallium arsenic phosphide, aluminum gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, silicon carbide, indium gallium nitride, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum-gallium-indium phosphide, aluminum-gallium-phosphide, aluminum-gallium-nitride, aluminum-gallium-indium nitride, zinc oxide, carbon, silicon and organic semiconductors.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The accelerating gas is alcohol gas or water gas. An inert gas is mixed with mixed gas, during manufacture of glass substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulating material film is deposited in groove using insulator source gas selected from oxidizing gas containing silicon and carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alloy further contains sulfur. The compound containing group Ia element and group VIa element contained in the alloy is sodium selenide or sodium sulfide. An ampule used in manufacture of alloy is quartz glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The alloy further contains sulfur. The compound containing group IIb element and group VIb element contained in the alloy is cadmium selenide, zinc selenide, cadmium sulfide or zinc sulfide. An ampule used in manufacture of alloy is quartz glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The barrier layer (3) consists of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride and/or silicon nitride. The silicon compound (a) is polysilazane. The silicon compound (b) is polysiloxane. Preferred Properties: The average film thickness of the protective layer and barrier layer (4B) is 10 nm to 1 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises a single fullerene compound or derivative functionalized with at least one hydrogen bond donor or acceptor group. Preferred Components: The preformed non-polymer additive comprises a nanoparticle capable of hydrogen bonding. The preformed non-polymer additive comprises the fullerene functionalized with organic groups capable of hydrogen bonding. The preformed non-polymer additive comprises a poly(oligosilsesquioxane) functionalized with organic groups capable of hydrogen bonding. The preformed non-polymeric additive comprises two carboxylic acid groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer comprises a poly(propylene oxide) block, or poly(ethylene oxide) block. EXAMPLE - Pluronic F108 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol) copolymer was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide to form 10 wt.% solution. The solution was kept on a hot plate at 65 degrees C for 2 hours and stirred to form homogenous solution. The solution was then transferred to a vacuum oven maintained at 75 degrees C for 24-36 hours during which drying and annealing occurred to obtain a blend with 30% additive comprised of 3 g of additive for 7 g of the Pluronic F108 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol) copolymer surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal precursor film further comprises sodium (Na). The sputtering target has a composition of 60 atomic% or 33.3 atomic% Cu and 40-66.6 atomic% Ga. The semiconductor material comprises less than 10% sulfur. The second and third layers are each formed by a process comprising one of batch or in-line (co)evaporation, batch or in-line PVD (sputtering), ALD, CVD, Plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD), Plasma enhanced ALD (PEALD), atmospheric pressure CVD (APCVD), ultra-fast atmospheric ALD, plating, printing or spraying of inks, screen printing, inkjet printing, slot die coating, gravure printing, or wet chemical depositions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-reflective film in the regions immediately above the photovoltaic cells has a film thickness of 100-200 nm. In the solar cell module, a glass component contained in the anti-reflective film contains a siloxane bond, an average particle size of silica particles contained in the anti-reflective film is 5-50 nm. Preferred Method: The interval between the support pins corresponds to a pitch of forming the boundary regions formed between the adjacent photovoltaic cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silica (B) is silica fine powder having BET specific surface area of 10-900 m2/g. The content of silica (B) is 3-15 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of photocurable resin composition (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydrogenated conjugated diene type polymer (A1) is hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer and/or hydrogenated butadiene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Gas is hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The inactive material is metal or metallic compound. The metallic compound is silicon carbide or silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The inorganic layer contains aluminum oxide or silicon oxide, and has a thickness of 0.1-500 nm, preferably less than 20 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The base material is biaxially-stretched polyester film. The base layer is a resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The window layer is made of aluminum indium phosphide, aluminum gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium nitride. The antireflection layer is made of titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, tungsten oxide or zinc sulfide. Another antireflection layer is made of magnesium fluoride, silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The substrate has thickness of 300 mm or less. The anodic oxide film has distortion of 0.005-0.25 percentage in the compression direction at room temperature. The moisture content of substrate is 10 mg/cm2 or less. The Protective layer has surface roughness (Ra) of 20 nm or less. The thickness of the anodic oxide film is 0.5-20 mm. The anodic oxide film has diameter of pore of 4-100 nm. The thickness of the protective layer is more than the diameter of pore of anodic oxide film, or 20 nm to 1 mm. The aluminum content in the aluminum-base material is 95 percentage mass. The thickness of aluminum-based material is 5-260 mm. Preferred Composition: The protective layer does not contain an alkali metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The front glass board further contains magnesium oxide in an amount of 5 mol% or more based on oxide conversion, and boron trioxide. Preferred Properties: The front glass board has an energy transmittance of 90.4 % or more, and haze value after implementing sandblasting process for 3 seconds of 15% or less. The thickness of front glass board is 1 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum-based material contains 0.05-0.2 wt.% copper and 99-99.6 wt.% aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the protective layer is 350-600 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The n-type semiconductor area is doped by a doping impurity selected among gallium, indium, aluminum and titanium, and by another doping impurity selected among lead, arsenic, antimony and lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The metal salt is chosen from cobalt chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, iron chloride, chromium chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, chromic nitrate or manganese nitrate. The mesoporous silica is two-dimensional template SBA-15 or three-dimensional template KIT-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber-containing copolymer particles (B) are particles having a multilayered structure more than a triple layer. The triple-layer structure is hard layer-soft layer-hard layer from inner side. The thermoplastic resin composition further contains 0.1-10 parts mass hindered phenol-based antioxidant, phosphorus-based process stabilizer and/or inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The relative particle weight of siliceous sand having particle size of 75 mu m is 25-85%. The relative particle weight of siliceous sand having particle size of 150 mu m is 0-50%. The relative particle weight of siliceous sand having particle size of 1400 mu m is less than 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The first corrosion solution is hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and water in a volume ratio of 1:2:5-8. The second corrosion solution is ammonia monohydrate, hydrogen peroxide and water in a volume ratio of 1:1:5-10. The third corrosion liquid is ammonia monohydrate, hydrogen peroxide and water in a volume ratio of 1:2:5-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mol ratio of fluoride ion and titanium salt is 6:1-1:1. In the step (i), fluoride ion containing acidic aqueous solution is sodium fluoride containing acidic aqueous solution, potassium fluoride containing acidic aqueous solution, and/or ammonium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution. In the step (i), the concentration of fluoride ion containing acidic aqueous solution is 0.2-1 M. In the step (i), titanium salt is titanium sulfate, tetrabutyl titanate, and/or isopropyl titanate. Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 160-220 degrees C, and hydro-thermal reaction time is 15-24 hours. The pH value of the mixed aqueous solution is 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass substrate composition further contains lithium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanostructure is a carbon nanostructure, preferably single wall carbon nanotube and is 100-700 nm in length. Preferred Method: The conditions of the coating method comprise: the presence of 60-80 mM of divalent cations, preferably magnesium Mg2+; and a temperature of 0-10 degrees C. The method further comprises separating the nanostructure that is coated with twist-strained double-stranded circular DNA from free DNA and from uncoated nanostructures. The method of removing the twist-strained double-stranded circular DNA from the nanostructure comprises reducing the concentration of divalent cations, where the conditions comprise a Mg2+ concentration of less than 30 mM, and increasing the temperature to greater than or equal to 45 degrees C. The nanostructures with a length of 100-700 nm are sorted.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The template agent is nanocalcium carbonate or nano-zinc oxide. The transition metal salt comprises vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium, zirconium, molybdenum, tin and selenium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol solution is methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol and glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper salt is copper chloride, cuprous chloride or cuprous iodide. The indium salt is indium chloride, indium acetate or indium iodide. The molar ratio of the copper ion and indium ion is 1:1. The concentration of the selenium precursor solution and copper ion and indium ion precursor solution is 0.04-0.4 mol/L, respectively. The molar ratio of the copper ion, indium ion and selenium in the mixed solution is 1:1:2. Preferred Process: The preparation of copper-indium selenide further involves adding gallium iodide or gallium chloride, as gallium salt, to obtain copper-indium-gallium selenide of formula: CuIn1-xGaxSe2.x=not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethyl formamide, chloroform, methylene dichloride, or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The photoactive layer further comprises a host material. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 8 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. pyrazolo(1,5-f)phenanthridine compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ie).    EXAMPLE - 3-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-f)phenanthridine (3.1 g) and iridium(III) acetylacetonate (0.9 g) were added to a long neck round-bottom flask and placed in a Kugelrohr. The reaction mixture was purged with nitrogen then heated to 240 degrees C for 90 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, dissolved in dichloromethane and worked up to obtain iridium(3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-f)phenanthridine)3 (A). The obtained (A) (0.6 g) and 3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-f)phenanthridine (0.5 g) were combined with ethylene glycol (20 ml) in a round bottomed flask and heated to 200 degrees C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, diluted with water (200 ml) and worked up to obtain pyrazolo(1,5-f)phenanthridine compounds (Ib) (68 mg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The naphthalene derivative (I) is of formula (II). Preferred Property: The compound (I) has triplet excitation energy of 2 eV or more. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 423 Naphthalene derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. 2,4-bis(quinolin-3-yl)-6,8-bis((9,9'-spirobi(fluorene)-7-yl))quinazoline of formula (Ia), 2,4-bis(quinolin-8-yl)-6,8-bis((9,9'-spirobi(fluorene)-7-yl))quinazoline, 2,4-bis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)quinazoline, 2,4-bis(4-(quinolin-8-yl)phenyl)quinazoline, and 2,4-bis(4-(quinolin-2-yl)phenyl)-6,8-bis((9,9'-spirobi(fluorene)-7-yl))quinazoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixing ratio of bismuth(III)ion and lanthanum(III) ion is any proportion. The weight ratio of mixture and absolute ethanol is 1-3:1. Chromium salt is soluble chromium salt, preferably chromium nitrate nonahydrate. Preferred Method: The mixed powder heating speed is 1-4 degrees centigrade per minutes. The drying temperature is 60-100 degrees centigrade.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Copper-containing compound is copper halide, sulfate, nitrate, and/or acetate, preferably copper halide or sulfate. Zinc-containing compound is zinc halide, nitrate, sulfate, and/or acetate, preferably zinc halide, or sulfate. Tin-containing compound is tin halides, nitrates, sulfates, and/or acetate, preferably tin halides, or sulfates. Sulfur-containing compound is thioacetamide, sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfide, ammonium sulfide, or potassium sulfide. Preferred Composition: The buffering agent is ammonium salt, acetate, and/or citrate, with concentration of 0.1-1 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: Sulfur atmosphere annealing is carried out at 400-700 degrees C for 0.5-4 hours. Preferred Components: Sulfur-containing atmosphere is evaporated sulfur atmosphere, evaporated sulfur mixed with evaporated selenium atmosphere, argon and hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, and nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide atmosphere. The substrate is clean glass, thin film material, high molecular material, stainless steel sheet, copper sheet, nickel sheet, molybdenum sheet or titanium sheet. The protective gas is argon, nitrogen, or helium gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing agent is urea, tartaric acid, citric acid, triethanolamine, or ammonium fluoride. The pH adjusting agent is ammonia water solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The thin-film solar cell comprises metal film layer comprising a transition metal. The transition metal comprises nickel, silver or aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating layer is polycrystalline silicon made by a polycrystalline processing. A thickness of the coating layer at a top of the crucible body is thinner than at least a thickness of the coating layer at a bottom of the crucible body. An unevenness surface is formed on the coating layer. The coating layer remains on the inner wall of the crucible body above a surface of the silicon melt liquid after melting. A scrap silicon of a single crystal, which comes out as a kerf loss in a silicon wafer manufacturing which is after a silicon ingot manufacture, is used as the pure silicon of the coating layer. Preferred Method: The method comprises forming unevenness surface on the coating layer. In the step of filling: the polysilicon lump is filled so that it contacts closely with the coating layer which is formed on the inner wall of the crucible body of the quartz crucible for growing silicon single crystal; and the polysilicon lump is filled with being pushed against the coating layer so that the coating layer is transformed or is separated partially. In the step of melting: the pure silicon of the coating layer melts; a fragment of a pure silicon of the separated coating layer melts together with the polysilicon lump; and the crucible body is heated with a heater from an outside.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water-soluble surfactant is ammonium salt of formula: R1-N(R2)3+.X-. The water-soluble platinum precursor is sulfate, nitrate, salt or complex of platinum. The reducing agent is ascorbic acid, alkali metal ascorbate, formic acid, an alkali metal formate salt, citric acid, alkali metal citrate or hydrazine hydrate.R1=4-18C group;R2=1-8C group;andX=halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-soluble block copolymer is Pluronic F127 (RTM: nonionic surfactant) or Pluronic 123 (RTM: nonionic surfactant).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 0.001-0.1:1. The alkaline solution is cesium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution, sodium carbonate solution or lithium carbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkaline solution to (II) is 20-25:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises dissolving 5-bromo-2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrimidine (II) and 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(10-(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane compounds of formula (III) or 10-(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-9-boronic acid compounds of formula (IV) in an alkaline solution containing a catalyst and organic solvent under anaerobic condition, and then performing Suzuki reaction at temperature of 70-130 degrees C for 20-48 hours, where the molar ratio of (II) to (III) or (IV) is 1:1-1.5. Preferred Definitions:    R = methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare earth-doped oxide is cerium manganese oxide (Ce1-xMxO2, where M is manganese, praseodymium, tin, zirconium, gadolinium or samarium, and x is 0-0.1). The transition metal oxide is iron oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide or copper oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is low carbon alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of conjugated fluorene derivative comprises:(A) carrying out Stille coupling reaction of 4,7-dibromo-benzothiadiazole and 4-hexyl-2-butyltin thiophene under the protection of inert gas, and in the presence of palladium catalyst, and post-processing;(B) carrying out Vilsmeier reaction with N,N-dimethylformamide and phosphorus oxychloride, under the protection of inert gas, and post-processing;(C) carrying out bromination reaction with N-bromosuccinimide under dark condition, and post-processing;(D) carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction with spiral tetraborate fluorene in aqueous and organic solvent, under the protection of inert gas and in the presence of palladium catalyst and alkali, and post-processing; and(E) carrying out condensation reaction with receptor-containing terminal group monomer, under the protection of inert gas, solvent and in the presence of catalyst.Preferred Components: The receptor-containing terminal group monomer is malononitrile, octyl cyanoacetate and/or 3-ethyl rhodanine. The organic solvent is toluene. The catalyst is alkylamine, preferably triethylamine. Preferred Method: Post-processing comprises using mixed solvent of chloroform and ethanol at volume ratio of 1:0.8-1.2, and recrystallizing. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, i.e. compounds (Ia)-(Ic).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The organic electroluminescent device includes a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode. The organic layer includes a light-emitting layer, a hole injection layer, a hole-transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron-transport layer. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1, Ar2 = phenyl, 4-phenylphenyl, 3-phenylphenyl, (4-(4-phenylphenyl)phenyl), 3,5-diphenylphenyl, 5-phenyl-2-thienyl, 5-phenyl-2-pyridyl, 4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl, 3-(1-naphthyl)phenyl, 9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl, p-tolyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 9,9-diphenylfluoren-2-yl, 9,9'-spirobi(fluorene)-2'-yl, 5,5-dimethylbenzo(b)(1)benzosilol-3-yl, 9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl, 5,5'-spirobi(benzo(b)(1)benzosilole)-3'-yl, dibenzofuran-3-yl or 2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteriophenyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 136 compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. Biphenyl-4-yl-(4,4-dimethyl-4H-cyclopenta(def)phenanthren-2-yl)-amine of formulae (II) to (VI).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The heterocyclic compound (I) has triplet excitation energy of 2 eV or more. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 162 Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds e.g. 3-(9-(9-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole of formula (Ia), 3-(9-(9-(2,6-diphenylpyrimidin-4-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole, 3-(9-(9-(4,6-diphenylpyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole, 9-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-3-(3-(8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-4-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9H-carbazole and 9-(2,6-diphenylpyrimidin-4-yl)-3-(3-(8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2(7),3,5,10,12-hexaen-4-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9H-carbazole are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crystalline silicon solar cell texturing agent additive contains 10-25 %mass sorbitol, 8-30 %mass phosphoric acid, 20-30 %mass sodium citrate, and remainder of deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactant includes aluminum hydride or an aluminum hydride compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas-barrier film is formed of inorganic material selected from silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, oxidation carbonization silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, or diamond-like carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reactive gas is selected from oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia, ozone, or argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas-barrier film is formed of inorganic material selected from silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, oxidation carbonization silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, oxidation aluminum nitride, oxidation aluminum carbide, titanium oxide, or diamond-like carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The etching liquid etches wafer, preferably single-crystal wafer having silicon as a main component at 50-100 degrees C and forms an uneven structure, preferably pyramid structure in a wafer surface. Preferred Composition: The content of the mono sulfonic acid is 0.05-30 wt.% and the alkali compound is 0.1-30 wt.%. The mono sulfonic acid compound is 10-camphorsulfonic acid, preferably R-(-)-10-camphorsulfonic acid. The substrate has length of 0.1-25 mu m at a bottom side. The alkali compound is alkali metal hydroxide, alkali-metal carbonate or tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The front side conductive layer and/or back conductive layer comprise an indium tin oxide layer and zinc oxide layer doped with aluminum. The front side conductive layer and back conductive layer are coated with an indium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The depositing process is carried out under argon-oxygen atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of primary electron-conductive carrier pair generation layer is a substance selected from group consisting of hexacarbonitrile, copper pentafluorobenzyl, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide, rhenium oxide, tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane, organic dopant, bismuth (III) p-fluorobenzoate fluorinated copper-phthalocyanine. The material of secondary electron-conducting carrier pair generation layer is a fabric selected from group consisting of organic dopant, magnesium silver, cesium carbonate, cesium phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, cesium, lithium and lithium fluoride. The intermediate layer is made of phthalocyanine derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The solar subcell is provided with emitter layer made of alloy of indium, gallium, and phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises: many filtration stages for removing another portion of water from the mixture to reduce a concentration of water in the mixture provided to the dryer system to 10-40 wt.%; and at least one dry gas source for purging the dryer stage with at least one non-oxidizing gas which comprises nitrogen or argon. The filtration stages comprise at least a first filtration stage and at least a second filtration stage, and where the system further comprises: at least one receiver mixing tank (104) for receiving the mixture from the collection system and for providing a portion of the mixture to the first filtration stage; at least one settling tank for receiving the portion of mixture in the receiver mixing tank through the first filtration stage; and at least one pump (106) for transferring a portion of the mixture in the settling tank into the second filtration stage. The second filtration stage comprises a filter press which comprises a plate-type filter press. The filter press cloth for the plate-type filter has a Frazier permeability of 0.1-4 scfm/ft2 of air at a pressure drop of 0.5 inches of water column. The first filtration stage comprises a microfilter stage. The first filtration stage reduces a concentration of water in the mixture to 90-99 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The structures are made of gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The coating liquid is obtained using metal-containing compound including metallic element of group 15, sulfur-containing compound, and organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion material has organic semiconductor adjacent to the sulfide semiconductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of gas-barrier layer is 50-600 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali compound is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The wafer is a single-crystal wafer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the mono- or di-sulfonic acid or its salt and alkali compound is 0.05-30 wt.% and 0.1-15 wt.%, respectively. The mono- or di-sulfonic acid or its salt is toluenesulfonic acid or its salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a removing means for removing the hot melt composition from the substrate with the aid of the water-based stripping fluid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The removal step comprises immersing the substrate in a stripping bath comprising the water-based stripping fluid, and is performed with ultrasonic support. The method further comprises separating the hot melt composition form the water by bringing the water below the melting point of the hot melt composition and filtering the water. Preferred Components: The amorphous material is present in an amount of 10-50 wt.%, and comprises an ester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a polycyclic mono alcohol, preferably a phthalate ester of hydroabietyl alcohol. The composition further comprises 0.1-10 wt.% of a colorant, and 0.1-10 wt.% of an ionic liquid, preferably a phosphonium based ionic liquid. The water-based stripping fluid comprises a surfactant, preferably poly(oxyethylene)alkyl ether, and ethoxylated and/or propoxylated linear primary 12-14C alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The alkane based wax is present in an amount of 40-89.9 wt.%, and is a paraffin wax. EXAMPLE - Paraffin wax (58 wt.%), Cellolyn 21-E (RTM: Phthalate ester of hydroabietyl alcohol) (38 wt.% ) and CYPHOS IL-104 (RTM:Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate) (4 wt.%) were melt mixed at a temperature of 130 degrees C and filtered over a glass filter having a pore size of 1 mm to obtain a hot melt composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas barrier layer comprises welding promoter, and has thickness of 10 nm to 1 mu m. The concentration of metallic elements of group-VI in periodic table is 1 atomic% or more with respect to 100 atomic% all atoms. The welding promoter comprises molybdenum or tungsten. The gas barrier layer comprises metal oxide, metal nitride, or metal oxynitride. Preferred Process: The gas barrier layer is formed by carrying out modification process of polysilazane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The compound (C) is substituted with the semiconductor compound (B) by coating the solution of semiconductor compound (B) to the layer containing semiconductor compound (A) and compound (C) in the substitution process. The semiconductor compound (A) is soluble or insoluble in a solvent solution of semiconductor compound (B), and the compound (C) is soluble in a solvent solution of semiconductor compound (B). Alternatively, the compound (C) is substituted with a precursor of semiconductor compound (B) by coating the solution of precursor of semiconductor compound (B) to the layer containing semiconductor compound (A) and compound (C), and converting the precursor of semiconductor compound (B) into semiconductor compound (B). The semiconductor compound (A) is soluble or insoluble in the solvent solution of precursor of semiconductor compound (B), and compound (C) is soluble in the solvent solution of precursor of semiconductor compound (B). The compound (C) is removed from the layer containing semiconductor compound (A) and compound (C) using the solvent of compound (C), and solution of semiconductor compound (B) or solution of precursor of semiconductor compound (B) is coated on the layer after removing compound (C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Oxidizing agent is metal oxide with larger oxidation-reduction potential than bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). Oxidizing agent is cerium oxide (CeO2), silver oxide (Ag2O), and/or manganese oxide (MnO2). Glass frit contains 0.1-7 mol.% oxidizing agent and 10-40 mol.% Bi2O3, 13-35 mol.% zinc oxide (ZnO), 0-30 mol.% silicon oxide (SiO2), 5-36 mol.% boron oxide (B2O3), 8-19 mol.% lithium oxide (Li2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), and potassium oxide (K2O), 0-12 mol.% aluminum oxide (Al2O3), 0-8 mol.% titanium oxide (TiO2), 0-6 mol.% zirconium oxide (ZrO2), 0-8 mol.% phosphorus oxide (P2O5), and 0-4 mol.% antimony oxide (Sb2O3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio (Si/Ti) is 24-60, preferably 30-55. The colloidal silica uses refined water glass as raw material, and less than or equal to 5000 ppm alkali metal ion, or an organic salt of Si as raw material. The coating liquid contains a water-soluble silicic acid alkali salt, which is ammonium silicic acid, lithium silicate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, rubidium silicic acid, and/or cesium silicic acid. The solution contains peroxo titania having 0.0005-0.1 mass% peroxo group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The reactor is fed with tin (IV) tetrachloride and water vapor for forming tin oxide and co-product, which are collected by gaseous hydrochloric acid. The generated hydrochloric acid is used for chlorination of tin for producing tin tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The grinding of planar facets involves: rotating the ingot to a predetermined position; advancing a grinding surface towards the corner portion such that the grinding surface forms one of the planar facets on the corner portion; and retracting the grinding surface from the corner portion. The method further involves smoothing the junctures such that each corner portion has a smooth, creaseless surface. The step of smoothing the junctures involves: rotating the ingot back and forth about a longitudinal axis of the ingot in small increments; and applying a grinding surface to the junctures while the ingot is rotated back and forth. Each corner portion includes a first planar facet joined to a first flat side at a first interface and a second planar facet joined to a second flat side at a second interface, the method further involves smoothing the first and second interfaces to form smooth surfaces between the corner portions and the flat sides. The step of providing an ingot involves providing an ingot made of mono-crystalline silicon. The step of grinding planar facets on each corner portion involves grinding the planar facets such that each substantially arcuate corner portion has a radius of approximately 100 millimeters. Preferred Components: Each corner portion includes at least six planar facets. The wafer comprises four flat sides and four corner portions. The wafer is made of mono-crystalline silicon. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The source of selenium comprises one of H2Se, or Se vapor (preferably H2Se).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The source of selenium is diethylselenide (DESe).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The etchant is chosen from potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide/isopropyl alcohol, borofluoric/nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid/hydrochloric acid, alkaline sodium hydroxide and tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The concentration of potassium hydroxide, and isopropyl alcohol and/or deionized water 2-10 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises platinum (Pt60), ruthenium (Ru15) and palladium (Pd25) supported on carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio (FB/FZ) in formation initial stage of primary transparent conductive film is 1-5%. The ratio (FB/FZ) at the time of completion of formation of primary transparent conductive film is 0.05-0.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Refractive index of silica porous membrane is 1.2-1.45. Surface roughness (Ra) of silica porous membrane is 0.2-6 nm. Preferred Compositions: In region from surface of silica porous membrane to 10 nm of depth direction, ratio of number of oxygen atoms with respect to total number of carbon atom, oxygen atom, fluorine atom, and silicon atom computed by conducting elemental analysis by XPS is 30-70 atomic%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves washing the crude material with insoluble organic solvent, before mixing the crude material with solvent. The reaction process is carried out in inert atmosphere. Preferred Composition: 0.3-15 parts mass base is dissolved in 100 parts mass water to form basic aqueous solution. 0.001-10 Parts mass sodium 1-octane sulfonate is mixed with 100 parts mass water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The total light transmittance of ultraviolet curing optical plastic adhesive composition with respect to hardened material having thickness of 150 mu m is 98% or more. Preferred Compound: The (meth)acrylate-type compound is of formula: H2C=C(-R1)-C(=O)-O-(X1-O)m-Y'-(X2-O)n-C(=O)-C(-R2)=CH2 (I).R1,R2=H, methyl or single bond;X1,X2=2-4C alkylene;Y'=-C(-CH3)(-CH3)-O, or group of formulae (Ia)-(Ib);m,n=integer;andor m+n=3-40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alicyclic diamine compound is of formulae (I)-(VI). The aliphatic ether diamine compound is of formula: H2N-CH(-R)-CH2-(O-X)a-(O-Y')b-(O-Z)c-NH2. The solvent is chosen from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl acetamide and dimethyl formamide.R=H or methyl;X,Z=ethylene or propylene;Y'=2-4C linear or branched alkylene;a-c=0-50;anda+b+c=2-50.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide molded product has total light transmittance of 87% or more and tension breakage elongation of 15% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method prepared cerium salt including water soluble cerium salt such as cerium nitrate, cerium chloride, acetic acid cerium or cerium sulfate. The method use precipitator including carbonate such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The mediator is a metallocene derivative (preferably ferrocene); and comprises a transition metal complex of ruthenium or osmium. The anode comprises a conductive material selected from gold, carbon, platinum, ruthenium dioxide and palladium (preferably carbon or gold). The cathode comprises platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode enzyme is a glucose-responsive enzyme (preferably glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase). The glucose-responsive enzyme further comprises an enzyme cofactor. The enzyme cofactor is pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). The cathode further comprises a cathode enzyme. The cathode enzyme is an enzyme selected from tyrosinase, horseradish peroxidase, soybean peroxidase, laccase and cytochrome C peroxidase (preferably laccase or cytochrome C peroxidase).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The mass transport limiting membrane is a hydrogel. The hydrogel comprises at least 20 wt.% fluid when in equilibrium with analyte-containing fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Process: The jet printing technique is aerosol jet printing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive track comprises a metal or metal alloy. The metal is silver, gold, copper, nickel or their alloy. The electrically conductive track has a thickness of 10 nm to 100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dicarboxylic acids comprise mixture of 5-65 mol.% aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and optionally aromatic dicarboxylic acid other than terephthalic acid, and 35-95 mol.% terephthalic acid; the diamines are aliphatic diamines and comprise a mixture of 10-70 mol.% of a short chain aliphatic diamine with 2-5C atoms and 30-90 mol.% of a long chain aliphatic diamine with at least 6C atoms; the combined molar amount of terephthalic acid and the long chain aliphatic diamine is at least 60 mol.%, relative to the total molar amount of the dicarboxylic acids and diamines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises: (A) 30-100 wt.% of the semi-aromatic polyamide; (B) 0-50 wt.% of a at least one other polymer; (C) 0-60 wt.% of reinforcing agents; and (D) 0-15 wt.% of at least one additive. The substrate contains 1-50 wt.% of (B) at least one other polymer, which is an aliphatic polyamide. The semi-aromatic polyamide has a melting temperature (Tm) of at least 270 degrees C. The semi-aromatic polyamide comprises repeat units derived from diamines and repeat units derived from dicarboxylic acids, where at least 10 mol.%, preferably at least 30 mol.% relative to the total molar amount of diamines and dicarboxylic acids comprise aromatic diamines or aromatic dicarboxylic acids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is provided with p-type crystalline silicon and the front side of the substrate is textured by using etching solution that includes potassium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol. The first layer includes silicon nitride and the metal particle is selected from nickel, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, tantalum nitride or cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gold is present in the form of oxide. The gold oxide is gold(III)oxide. The gas used in plasma treatment is air. The total content of gold in hydrophilic polymer surface is 30 atomic%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The nitrogen atom of amide group is tertiary. The organic solvent contains glycol or its derivative(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A constituent material of the film base material contains polycarbonate, cycloolefin polymer, cycloolefin copolymer and/or cellulose derivative, preferably polycarbonate. Preferred Components: The gas-barrier film further has linear-polarizing plate (5) which is arranged on side opposite to the gas-barrier unit, and smoothing layer (2) which is arranged between the film base material and the primary barrier layer. Preferred Property: The smoothing layer does not have optical anisotropy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of to-be-added silica is 5-70 pts. wt. with respect to 100 parts %mass tetracarboxylic acid component and diamine component. Preferred Property: The particle size of the silica is 1-60 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is 2,2-bis-(3,4 dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride, and the diamine is 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diamino biphenyl and/or 2,2'-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyamic acid solution composition has light transmittance of 70% or more at wavelength of 400 nm and film thickness of 10 mu m, linear expansion coefficient of 350 ppm/ degrees C or less (preferably, 250 ppm/ degrees C or less) at 300-400 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The olefin-based modified polymer has an alkoxysilyl group. The olefin-based modified polymer comprises a modified polymer based on a copolymer of ethylene with the other olefin. The hot-melt adhesive further comprises a polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred c.: The graphene is graphene oxide. The graphite conductive paste further contains of 0.1-3 %mass copper, 1-10 %mass tellurium, 0.2-7 %mass silver, 0.5-9 %mass mercury and 0.1-15 %mass dispersing agent. The mercury is chosen from mercury telluride, mercury oxide, mercury sulfide, mercury chloride, mercury nitrate and mercury sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is ethylene glycol phthalate ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sulfuric acid is 2-5 mol/L. The content of hydrogen peroxide is 5-20 g/100 ml sulfuric acid. The content of diphosphorus tetraoxide is 30 wt.%. The concentration of hydrochloric acid is 6-8 mol/L. The reducing agent is chosen from sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, hydrazine hydrate, ascorbic acid and thiourea.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of kerosene is 70 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: 0.1-10 Parts mass cement and 5-20 parts mass water are used with respect to 100 parts mass siliceous sand. The average particle diameter of siliceous sand granules is 5-200 mm, the crushing-under-pressure load is 200-100000 N, and the ignition loss at 1300 degrees C is 0.1-3 wt.%. The siliceous sand granules are dried after curing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of metal alkoxides in hydrolysis component mixture is 0.2-50 parts mass. The substrate is a sapphire substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition contains hydrolyzate mixture (A) obtained by hydrolyzing a hydrolysis component mixture containing 10-400 parts mass organosilicon compounds (I), and 3-300 parts mass organosilicon compounds having (meth)acryl group (II), and 0.1-10 parts mass photoinitiators (C), with respect to 100 parts mass polymerizable monomer (B) having (meth)acryl group. The hydrolyzate mixture (A) further contains hydrolyzate of metal alkoxide of formula: M-(OR9)p (III). The hydrolyzate mixture (A) is obtained by hydrolyzing a hydrolysis component mixture containing 10-400 parts mass organosilicon compounds (I), 3-300 parts mass organosilicon compounds having (meth)acryl group (II), and 0.1-150 parts mass of metal alkoxides (III).M=tungsten, tin, indium, antimony or hafnium;R9=1-10C alkyl;andp=3, 4 or 5.(i) When M is tungsten, p is 5; (ii) When M is tin and hafnium, p is 4; and (iii) When M is indium and antimony, p is 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The porous carbon raw thin film has a film thickness of 50 mu m or less and an adsorption specific surface area is 300 m2/g or more. Preferred Process: The surface of porous carbon raw thin film is moisturized by a solvent or oil. The tension of regenerated cellulose film is adjusted along one direction and orthogonal direction of plane or curved state. Adjustment of a tension is carried out with respect to contraction by advancing of carbonization. During manufacture of porous carbon raw thin film, a carbonized material (60) is clamped between roller pairs (61-64) having a narrow gap, tension is applied, a heating unit (65-70) is positioned between the roller pairs, and circumferential speed of each roller is controlled. Several rotational-type heat resistant cylinders are provided for heating the carbonized material. The temperature of the rotational-type heat resistant cylinders is increased from primary rotational-type heat resistant cylinder to final rotational-type heat resistant cylinders. The diameter of rotational-type heat resistant cylinders is increased with respect to increase of temperature. The circumferential speed of rotational-type heat resistant cylinders is reduced with respect to increase of temperature. A heating zone is provided between the rotational-type heat resistant cylinders along the carbonized material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacture of transparent conductive film further involves forming heterocyclic compound layer having heterocyclic ring between the compound layer and the metal layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The silazane compound is polysilazane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The linear siloxane compound (B) (I) is of formula (II): R13-Si(-R14)(-R15)-Z1-(-Si(-R16)(-R17)-Z2-)p-(-Si(-R18)(-R19)-Z3-)q-Si(-R30)(-R31)-R32.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The strong oxidant is nitric acid, sulfuric acid and/or potassium permanganate. The ratio of amount of carbon powder with respect to amount of strong oxidant is 0.25:1-1. The carbon powder is Vulcan XC-72 (RTM: carbon powder), black powder and/or multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The amount of cobalt acetate and ethanol is 40:1-4:1. The ratio of carbon carrier and ethanol is 15:1-100:1. The volume ratio of colloid and suspension is 0.05:1-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The medium layer comprises liquid crystal or polymer. Preferred Definitions:    B1 = bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3,5,6-tetra-yl, bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-1,2,3,6-tetra-yl, bicyclo(2.2.2)octane-2,3,5,6-tetra-yl, bicyclo(2.2.2)octane-1,2,3,6-tetra-yl, cis or trans bicyclo(2.2.2)oct-2-ene-5,6,7,8-tetra-yl or bicyclo(2.2.2)oct-2-ene-1,5,6,7-tetra-yl;    A1 = 4,4'-oxybis(4,1-phenylene), 3,4'-oxybis(4,1-phenylene) or 4,4'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene); and    A2 = 4,4'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene), 4,4'-(4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy)bis(4,1-phenylene), 4,4'-(4,4'-(perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy)bis(4,1-phenylene), 4,4'-(4,4'-sulfonylbis(4,1-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene), 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexane-4,1-diyl), 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4,4'-diyl or 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further comprises activating pores for absorbing the hydrogen molecules. The graphene oxide is oxidized by mixing mixed oxidants presence of acid solution including sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium permanganate aqueous solution, thio potassium sulfate aqueous solution, hypochlorous acid sodium aqueous solution and their mixtures for 12-24 hours. The graphene oxide is additionally oxidized using hydrogen peroxide, washed with the hydrochloric acid and neutralized in distilled water, dried at more than 120 degrees C for 6-24 hours, and then separated using a centrifuge. The mixture is introduced with 0.01-50 wt.% of metal including titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, technetium, tantalum, hafnium, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, platinum, gold and yttrium. The graphene oxide is dispersed into a distilled water to form a colloidal solution with high dispersibility through ultra sonication for 30 minutes to 24 hours. The precursor solution includes metal ions selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, titanium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, iron, bismuth, zinc, silver, platinum, palladium, nickel and cadmium. The graphene oxide is mixed with the composite carbon nanoparticles at weight ratio of 1:10-100:1. The hydrothermal reaction is performed at 80-300 degrees C for 24-48 hours. The graphene oxide is dipped in evaporable solvent including anhydrous chloroform, ethanol and acetone in vacuum oven at 100-150 degrees C. The carbon nano composite is filtered using the membrane filter. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of coumarin derivative comprises taking thiopene containing coumarin derivative of formula (II), cyanoacetic acid and organic solvent, under the action of alkaline substance, heating, refluxing, stirring, reacting, monitoring reaction using thin layer chromatography, separating out solid, filtering, washing filter cake, and using silica gel column chromatography or recrystallizing using recrystallizing solvent. Preferred Components: The recrystallizing solvent is chloroform, methylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol or acetone. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane or acetone. The alkali is piperidine, pyridine, triethylamine or dimethylamine. Preferred Composition: The compound (II), cyanoacetic acid and alkaline substance ratio is 1:1.0-3.0:0.1-1.0, and organic solvent is 2-20 mL/mmol based on amount of compound (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The impurity is boron. The processing agent is salt chosen from composite salt containing alkali metal and halogen, composite salt containing alkaline-earth metal and halogen, preferably lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, rubidium fluoride, cesium fluoride, silicofluoride soda, cryolite, mixture of sodium fluoride and barium fluoride and mixture of sodium fluoride, barium fluoride and barium chloride and is added in the ratio of 5-300 %mass with respect to molten silicon. Preferred Property: The manufacture of silicon is implemented in inert gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal is potassium, lithium, rubidium or cesium. The work function is less than or equal to 4.3 eV, preferably 3.25-4.25 eV. An optical transmittance rate of the graphene at a visible light area is greater than or equal to 90%. The alkali metal salt is lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, rubidium carbonate or cesium carbonate, where the concentration of the solution including the alkali metal salt is 0.01-2 M, preferably 0.4-1 M. The spin coating is performed at 1500-3500 revolutions per minute for 10-100 seconds or 30-150 seconds. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The ultra-thin conductive adhesive is prepared by separately dissolving conductive material with polycation-building element and conductive material with polyanion-building element in water to prepare solution with concentration of 0.5-20 mg/mL and pH of 1-12, immersing substrate in conductive material with polycation-building element solution and/or conductive material with polyanion-building element solution, taking out, washing with water, vacuum-drying or air-drying and repeating immersing steps to deposit 0.2-5.0 mu m of ultra-thin conductive adhesive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive material is wire or sheet of gold, silver, copper or aluminum, carbon nanotube, graphite, poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly-4-hexylthiophene, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polystyrene sulfonic acid or polyacetylene. The polycation building element is polyallylamine hydrochloride-dextran microgel, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, branched polyethyleneimine, dopamine grafted polyethyleneimine and/or diallyl dimethylamine hydrochloride. The polyanion-building element is hyaluronic acid, dopamine grafted hyaluronic acid, dopamine grafted polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid and/or sodium polystyrene sulfonate. Preferred Process: The mol ratio of cation-building element to anion-building element is 1:9-9:1. The mol ratio of conductive material to polycation-building element or polyanion-building element is 1-20:100. The conductive material with polycation-building element has concentration of 0.5-1.5 mg/L and pH of 8-11 and the conductive material with polyanion-building element has concentration of 0.5-1.5 mg/L and pH of 3-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the graphite oxide is synthesized by adding 98 wt.% graphite powder into 95-98 wt.% concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring condition, then orderly adding 99 wt.% sodium nitrate and 99.5 wt.% potassium permanganate, using an ice bath and controlling the temperature of mixed solution not greater than 200 degrees C, then removing ice bath, controlling the temperature of the mixed solution at 30-35 degrees C, and maintaining at this temperature for 2 hours by a water bath, removing water bath thermal insulation device, slowly adding deionized water under the condition of stirring, increasing the temperature to 90-98 degrees C, maintaining the temperature for 15 minutes, and then using warm deionized water to dilute the mixed solution, and then adding 30 wt.% hydrogen peroxide to the mixed system, filtering when it is hot, using 36 wt.% hydrochloric acid and water according to the volume ratio of 1:10 for preparing diluted hydrochloric acid solution, washing the collected precipitate for one time, and washing again using water for 3-5 times, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, drying the precipitate in an oven at 45 degrees C to obtain the graphite oxide. In the step (ii), the concentration of: concentrated sulfuric acid is 95-98 wt.%; and nitric acid in concentrated nitric acid is 65-68 wt.%. In the step (iii), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 5 M; the microwave reactor is polytetrafluoroethylene-lined reactor. In the step (iv), the drying condition is as follows: drying at 80 degrees C for 12 hours. The average particle size of graphene quantum dot is 2.84 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cell units are made of copper-indium-gallium-selenide-based materials or copper-indium-selenide-based materials. The top solar cell is made of silicon-based materials or copper-gallium-selenide-based materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical oxidizing agent includes a solution of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide, a solution of nitric acid, and a solution of hydrogen peroxide. The passivating dielectric layer includes silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon-based oxide material, non-silicon based oxide material, and a material consisting of PECVD silicon nitride alloys, PECVD silicon oxynitride alloys, PECVD silicon carbide alloys and PECVD hydrogenated amorphous silicon alloys. The semiconductor is amorphous silicon or hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filling gas provided in the cavity is helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The casting cylinder is made of aluminum and has aluminum deposited on its inner surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active region comprises material of formula: Ga(1-y)InySb(1-x)Bix, where y is 0-60% and x is not defined. The atomic bismuth fraction is 0.1-1.0%. The device additionally comprises barrier layers (231, 235) containing material of formula: Al(1-p)GapAsqSb(1-q), where p is 60-80% and q is 0.02-0.06%. The device comprises p-type and n-type cladding layers (207, 215) containing material of formula: Al(1-p)GapAsqSb(1-q), where p is 20-10% in bulk portion of each cladding layer and q is 0.02-0.06%. The substrate is gallium antimonide or doped gallium antimonide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The nanostructure has diameter of 70-100 nm. EXAMPLE - Mixture of 0.5 g of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 0.694 g of 5-amino isophthalic acid, 20 g of imidazole and 0.1 g of zinc acetate was heated at 150 degrees C for 20 hours under argon atmosphere. Mixture was cooled and 100 ml of 2 N hydrochloric acid was added for precipitation of product. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and washed with a mixture of methanol and water. The N,N'-di-(phenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide product was dried at 100 degrees C for 12 hours. The N,N'-di-(phenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide product was then reacted with zinc nitrate to form the metal coordinated assembled structure, where 0.087 g zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 0.06 g N,N'-di-(phenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide were dissolved in dimethylformamide/1,4-dioxane/water in a ratio of 2:1:1 in PTFE liner. The reaction mixture was heated in an oven at 100 degrees C for 3 days. The reaction vessel was then removed from the oven and allowed to cool to room temperature to obtain microcrystalline material which was repeatedly washed with dimethylformamide and anhydrous chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silicon particles having volume average particle diameter of 0.01-5 mu m is 10 ppm or less. Preferred Property: The coarse particles have volume average particle diameter of 20 mu m or more. Preferred Process: The method further involves adding silicon particles to solution obtained by mixing silane coupling agent and acidic liquid containing water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition comprises silicone grease, silicone-resin precursor, epoxy resin precursor, and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorene compound (A) has two (meth)acryloyl groups, and fluorene compound (B) has 4 or more (meth)acryloyl groups. The fluorene compound (A) is preferably chosen from 9,9-bis((meth)acryloyloxyaryl) fluorene and 9,9-bis((meth)acryloyloxy (poly)alkoxyaryl) fluorene. The fluorene compound (B) is preferably chosen from 9,9-bis(poly(meth)acryloyloxyaryl) fluorene and 9,9-bis (poly((meth)acryloyloxy (poly)alkoxy) aryl) fluorene. The fluorene compound (B) is 9,9-bis(2,4-di(meth)acryloyloxyphenyl) fluorene and/or 9,9-bis(2,4-di((meth)acryloyloxy (poly)alkoxy) phenyl) fluorene, more preferably 9,9-bis(2,4-di((meth)acryloyloxy (poly)alkoxy) phenyl) fluorene. The weight ratio of fluorene compounds (A) and (B) is 5/95-95/5. The fluorene compound (A) is 9,9-bis(meth)(acryloyloxymono or hexa-2-4C alkoxy phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (mono- or di-alkyl ((meth)acryloyloxymono or hexa-2-4C alkoxy) phenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis(mono- or di-aryl-((meth)acryloyloxymono or hexa 2-4C alkoxy) phenyl) fluorene and/or 9,9-bis (meth)(acryloyloxymono or hexa-2-4C alkoxy naphthyl) fluorene. The fluorene compound (B) is more preferably 9,9-bis(2,4-di((meth)acryloyloxymono or hexa-2-4C alkoxy) phenyl)fluorene. The curable composition further contains non-fluorene type monofunctional monomer (C) having aromatic (meth)acrylate and sulfur containing (meth)acrylate. The content of monomer (C) is 1-100 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. total amount of fluorene compounds (A) and (B).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The hardened material has refractive index of 1.58 or more at 25 degrees C and 589 nm, pencil hardness of more than H and thickness of 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The copper supply source includes cupric chloride. The zinc resource includes zinc chloride. The tin supply source includes tin chloride. The precursor solution is polar solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sulfur supply source includes thiourea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The semiconductor is formed as a film or layer on a substrate. The metal is a metal complex comprising copper, indium or gallium, preferably copper. The precursors are dissolved in liquid phase. The precursors are dissolved in organic solvent or mixture of two or more solvents. The combined precursors are applied to substrate as thin film and decomposed by heat, optionally repeating deposition and decomposition steps one or several times. The temperature for decomposition is less than or equal to 150 degrees C. The process includes selenization and/or sulfurization step and/or annealing step after the decomposition of the precursors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecular precursor compound is a metal complex comprising at least one ligand selected from thiourea or selenourea and their derivatives in which hydrogen is exchanged with other organic groups. The ligand is of formula R1R2N-(C=X)-NR3R4. The molecular metal precursors of second metal not comprising selenium or sulfur is a metal complex comprising at least one ligand from the class of the ligands bonding via oxygen atom, preferably oximatos, beta -diketonates, carboxylates, alkoxides and their derivatives by exchanging hydrogen with other organic groups, preferably oximatos. The molecular metal precursors of a second metal are a metal complex comprising at least one element selected from indium or gallium.R1-R4=H, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, amino, amido, imino, alkoxy, aryloxy, less than or equal to 20C ketyl, cyano, or nitroso; orR1+R3=divalent group -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -NCH-, -(CO)CH2- or 1,2-phenylene; orR1+R2=divalent alkylene -(CH2)p-;p=4-5; andX=S or Se.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alloy material has a smaller lattice parameter than the metal material. The metal material forming the outer shell of the particle: comprises a transition metal or its alloy; and is platinum or predominantly platinum material. The transition metal comprises platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and osmium. The alloy material forming the inner core of the particle is an alloy formed from a combination of transition metals comprising gold, silver, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, iron, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and osmium. The alloy material is an alloy formed of gold and copper. The combination of the transition metals is a binary, ternary or a higher combination. The particle has a particle size of 1 nm to 1 mu m. The particle is nano-sized. The inner core has a thickness of 1-100 nm. The outer shell has a thickness of 1-20 atomic layers of platinum atoms. The inner core and the outer shell have average diameters that are present in a ratio of 1:1-1:10. Preferred Method: The method further comprises synthesizing the alloy material. The synthesizing step comprises agglomerating gold particles with particles comprising at least one transition metal comprising silver, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, iron, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and osmium to synthesize the alloy material. The forming step comprises selecting an organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is an amine-based organic solvent. In the catalyst, each particle further comprises a supporting material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crucible protective film comprises silicon, germanium or sapphire as ingot. The aqueous dispersion includes 10-70 pts. wt. of silicon nitride. The crucible includes quartz, graphite, and ceramic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The passivation layer containing an amorphous silicon oxide or silicon nitride that is provided in the light-receiving surface side of the base layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass substrate comprises 50-80 mol% silicon dioxide, 0.5-20 mol% aluminum oxide, 6-20 mol% sodium oxide, 0-11 mol% potassium oxide, 0-15 mol% magnesium oxide, 0-10 mol% calcium oxide, and 0-5 mol% zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The chemical strengthening salt contains potassium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of brookite type crystal phase is 1-80 vol.%. Titanium dioxide contains anatase type, rutile type, and/or bronze type crystalline layers. The average primary particle diameter of titanium dioxide is 0.001-0.1 mu m. The negative electrode further contains carbonaceous material chosen from acetylene black, Ketchen black (RTM: carbon black), furnace black, channel black, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and carbonaceous fiber. The metal foil is aluminum foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-alkali glass preferably comprises 5-9.5 mol% magnesium oxide, and 4-11 mol% calcium oxide. The total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is preferably 18.2-21 mol%. A ratio of content of magnesium oxide and total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is preferably more than 0.25. A ratio of magnesium oxide and total content of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide is preferably more than 0.3. The total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is preferably 18.2-21 mol%. 100 mol% Alkaline earth metal source of barium oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide and calcium oxide comprise 15-100 mol% hydroxide in alkaline-earth metal oxide conversion. The product of content of aluminum trioxide and ratio of content of magnesium oxide and total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is more than 5.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The yttrium aluminum garnet-based ceramic is of formula: Y3Al5-xFexO12, where x=0-5, and comprises yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12). The precursor solution is a homogeneous solution. The precursor solution comprises yttrium nitrate and aluminum nitrate and/or ferric nitrate. The metal ion precursors to the yttrium aluminum garnet-based ceramic are provided in the form of a salt chosen from carboxylate salt, alkoxide salt, carbonate salt, halide salt, nitrate salt and/or hydrated salt. The yttrium aluminum garnet-based ceramic has a garnet structure comprising C sites, A sites and D sites. The C sites are occupied by one or a mixture of trivalent ions chosen from yttrium ions, scandium ions, lutetium ions, lanthanum ions, cerium ions, praseodymium ions, neodymium ions, promethium ions, samarium ions, europium ions, gadolinium ions, terbium ions, dysprosium ions, holmium ions, erbium ions, thulium ions and ytterbium ions. The A and D sites are occupied by one or a mixture of trivalent metal ions chosen from aluminum ions, gallium ions, iron ions, chromium ions and scandium ions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor absorber film comprises copper indium gallium selenide. The photovoltaic device further comprises transitional portion or layer (16) comprising molybdenum-copper-selenide between conductive layer and semiconductor absorber film, transparent conductive front electrode comprising transparent metal oxide, a dielectric layer located between rear substrate and conductive layer comprising molybdenum and copper, and a stress matching layer comprising copper oxide (CuOx) disposed adjacent to the rear substrate. The dielectric layer comprises silicon nitride and/or silicon oxynitride. The conductive layer contains 20-40 wt.% molybdenum and 60-80 wt.% copper. Preferred Property: The conductive layer has thickness of 30-80 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inverting structure of fine concavo-convex structure on the surface of mold consists of anodic oxidation alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The mass of the mold after immersing in mold dissolution component including phosphoric acid ester compound at 50 degrees C for 22 hours is reduced by 0.01% or more with respect to the mold before immersion. Preferred Compound: The phosphoric acid ester compound is polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphoric acid ester compound of formula: (HO)3-n-P(=O)-(O-(CH2CH2O)m-R1)n (I).R1=alkyl;m=1-20;andn=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermal radiation material layer contains crystalline graphite as main component of the thermal radiation material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic-forming aluminum silicate (B) is aluminum silicate in which the organic-forming process is carried out using organic compound chosen from a phosphoric acid compound, a carboxylic compound and an alkoxysilane. The organic compound has onium salt. The onium salt is chosen from imidazolium salt, pyridinium salt, pyrrolidinium salt, piperidinium salt, ammonium salt, sulfonium salt and phosphonium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cation (B) of quaternary ammonium salt (D) is chosen from triethylmethylammonium, ethyltrimethylammonium, and diethyl dimethylammonium. The anion (C) of quaternary ammonium salt (D) is boron tetrafluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide solution comprises e metal-oxide-metal bond. The inert gas atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere and argon atmosphere or helium atmosphere. Solvent contained in the oxide solution is 2-methoxyethanol or deionized water. The oxide solution comprises zinc precursor containing zinc chloride, zinc acetate, zinc acetate hydrate, zinc nitrate, zinc nitrate hydrate, zinc alkoxide or their derivatives, tin precursor containing tin chloride, tin acetate, tin nitrate, tin alkoxide or their derivatives, indium precursor including indium chloride, indium acetate, indium acetate hydrate, indium nitrate, indium alkoxide or their derivatives, and/or gallium precursor including gallium nitrate, gallium nitrate hydrate, gallium acetate, gallium acetate hydrate, gallium alkoxide or their derivative. Preferred Property: The wavelength of ultraviolet ray is 150-260 nm, preferably 160-190 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tertiary coating layer has the anti-refractive coating layer including the silicon nitride, and silicon aluminum nitride. The material of solar cell is selected from crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon thin film material, desensitized material, copper indium gallium selenide, cadmium telluride and gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The materials are selected from aluminum oxide, and silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The materials are selected from the group consisting of titanium, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, gold, chromium, tungsten, platinum, iron-nickel alloy, steel alloy and high temperature super alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Pressure (I) is 240-360 mTorr. Pressure (II) is 260-380 mTorr. The thickness of film formed between cycles (I) is 0.8-1.4 Angstrom and the thickness of film formed between cycles (II) is 0.6-1.2 Angstrom . Preferred Compound: The water-permeation-prevention film formed by cycles (I,II) contains a homogeneous oxide containing two or more of aluminum, zirconium, titanium, tantalum and zinc. The film has a structure formed by laminating amorphous inorganic membranes (120,130) alternately. Membrane (130) contains zirconium oxide film with a thickness of 0.1-3.9 nm. Membrane (120) contains aluminum oxide film with a thickness of 0.1-1 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Gas (I) is trimethylaluminum. Gas (II) is tetrakis-ethylmethylamino zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The reaction precursor thin film is selenized using a glass substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second dopant is copper, zinc, lead, indium or aluminum, iron and/or calcium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The formula of titanium dioxide precursor is MxTiyOz. The solution is 0-60, preferably 10-30 wt.% ammonia. The concentration of specific reaction solute ion is 2-100 mM. The particle size of monocrystalline is 80 nm-1 mu m. Preferred Method: The hydrothermal synthesis is carried out at 100-200 degrees C for 10-50 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution may be 0-95, preferably 20-40 wt.% ethanol.M=H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or Fr; andx, y, z=0-15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductivity core is made up of carbon, silver and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) polyelectrolyte solution is 2 wt.%. The concentration of polycationic compound solution is 5 wt.%. The polycationic compound is polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine hydrochloride, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, or poly(4-vinylpyridine).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (d) is carried out under ammonia gas. The first heat treatment process comprises heating the mixture at 350 degrees C for 2-3 hours and raising the temperature to 900 degrees C for 2-3 hours, and decreasing the temperature to 600 degrees C under a speed of less than 1 degrees C/minute. The second heat treatment process comprises heating the mixture at room temperature to 800 degrees C for 2 hours under a speed of 1-5 degrees C/minute. Preferred Components: The catalyst is a hollow spherical structure, and has diameter of 100-500 nm and thickness of 10-20 nm. The transition metal comprises iron and cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The motherboard is made of iron, nickel, molybdenum, chromium and titanium or titanium alloy. The bonding layer comprises silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel, aluminum and muscovite. The flexible metallic board is made of metal consisting of iron, silver, gold, copper, chromium, tungsten, aluminum, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, indium, manganese, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tin, lead, vanadium, ruthenium, iridium, zirconium, rhodium, magnesium and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The bonding layer is high polymer adhesive consisting of epoxy, silicone and acryl resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar energy battery plate is made of poly-silicon, single crystal silicon and thin film amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopant gas comprises boron, magnesium, aluminum, gallium, fluorine, indium or calcium. The zinc-containing film-forming gas comprises diethyl zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imprint material further contains compound (D) having 3 or more polymeric groups, compound (E) having ethylene oxide unit, surfactant component (F) and solvent (G). The component (D) and component (A) have group chosen from acryloyloxy group, methacryloyl oxy group, vinyl group and allyl group as polymeric group. Preferred Property: The imprint material is coated on film, coated film is adhered on imprinted coated film having corrugated shape of mold, coated film is photocured and photocured film is peeled at an angle of 90 degrees . The value obtained by converting the load when cured film on the measured release force, is peeled from the surface of mold per 1 cm of lateral width of the film, is 0-0.5 g/cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrically insulating layer is formed of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon dioxide, zinc sulfide, hafnium oxide, and silicon oxynitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mixing and stirring step is carried out for 2 (preferably 20) minutes. The hydrothermal reaction is carried out at 200 degrees C for 2 (preferably 16) hours. The repeating step is carried out for 2 (preferably 5) times. The drying step is carried out at 60 degrees C for 6 (preferably 36) hours. Preferred Components: The ratio of grapheme, tin dichloride dihydrate, sodium citrate dehydrate and deionized water is 1g:9g:29.4g:200 ml or the ratio of carbon nanotube, tin dichloride dihydrate, sodium citrate dihydrate and deionized water is 1g:1g:0.1g:50 ml or the ratio of graphite, tin dichloride dihydrate, sodium citrate and deionized water is 1g:18g:50g:500 ml. The ratio of the sediment and deionized water is 1g:100 (preferably 200) ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The highly doped electrically conductive layer has a dopant level maintaining Irridescent Flight Embossed (IE18) standard and Irridescent Flight Embossed (IE19) standard.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The highly doped electrically conductive layer and the buffer layer are made of Silicon:Indium0.01 Gallium0.09 Arsenic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The metal conductive layer has a material comprising silver, aluminum and/or copper. The conductive multilayer further comprises a conductive layer disposed between the metal conductive layer and the corrosion-resistant film or the substrate. The conductive layer is made of a metal or a metal oxide, where the metal is silver, aluminum and/or copper. The metal oxide is indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, indium antimony oxide, zinc aluminum oxide and/or indium zinc oxide. The solvent is a mixture of water and isopropanol. A weight ratio of the water to the isopropanol is 1:0.6-1:1. The carbon nanotubes and the waterborne polyurethane are present in a content of 0.1-1 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The waterborne polyurethane has at least one hydrophilic group comprising carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, ammonium group and/or ethylene oxide group. The substrate has a material comprising polyester-based resin, acetate-based resin, polyether-based resin, polycarbonate-based resin, polyamide-based resin, polyimide-based resin, polyolefin-based resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride-based resin, polystyrene-based resin, polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, polyarylate-based resin, polyphenylene sulfide-based resin and/or polyvinylidene chloride-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of solid content excluding solvent (C) from components (A, B and D) is 10-80 wt.% with respect to gross mass of imprint material. The alkylene oxide unit is ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide. The component (B) is 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenyl-phosphine oxide, 1-hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl-ketone or 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one. The solvent comprises at least one compound chosen form methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone and/or propylene glycol monomethyl ether. Preferred Condition: The drying process is carried out at 60-150 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric group is acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group, vinyl group or allyl group. The film base material is triacetyl cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, or cycloolefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The obtained resin base material is wound in roll shape. The resin material has adhesion layer and adhesion layer is removed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor support consists of material chosen from titania, strontium titanate, mixture of titania and strontium titanate, mixture of titania and cerium oxide, mixture of strontium titanate and cerium oxide and mixture of titania, strontium titanate and cerium oxide. The thickness of photocatalyst is 1-5 nm, preferably 1-2 nm. The noble metal and/or transition metal has 500-600 nm plasmon loss which is determined by ultraviolet-visible reflection absorption. The noble metal and/or transition metal are chosen from platinum, ruthenium, palladium, rhenium and gold. The content of noble metal and/or transition metal is 0.1-10 wt.%, preferably 0.4-8 wt.%. The noble metal and/or transition metal covers 95% of semiconductor support. The hydrogen containing precursor is chosen from water and alcohols. Preferred Process: The heating process is performed under inert or reducing atmosphere for 1-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The stressed material is tensile strained silicon oxide or silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises condensing the halosilane-containing stream prior to introduction into the distillation column. The temperature of the overhead fraction is 70-135 degrees C. The pressure of the overhead fraction is at least 1.5 bar. A bottom fraction is produced from the distillation column, where the bottom fraction contains less than 15% of the halosilane introduced into the column in the halosilane-containing feed stream. Preferred Components: The distillation column: contains packing that is a structured-type packing; has less than 100 theoretical stages; has a height equivalent of a theoretical stage of 0.25-0.75 meters; includes plates, preferably less than 100 plates; and operates at a reflux ratio of less than 30. The overhead fraction contains: less than 50 parts per billion by weight (ppbw) of arsenic-containing compounds or phosphorus-containing compounds; and less than 50% of the arsenic or phosphorus introduced into the distillation column in the halosilane-containing stream. The halosilane-containing stream contains at least 1 ppbw of arsenic-containing compounds or phosphorus-containing compounds. The halosilane contains a halogen comprising chlorine, bromine or iodine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first product further comprises a first plastic film portion connecting the first substrate and the second substrate. The first product further comprises a third substrate connected to the second substrate; and a third device disposed over the third substrate, where the third substrate is moveable from a first position in which the third substrate is disposed over the second substrate to a second position in which the third substrate is disposed adjacent to the second substrate; and in the second position, an active area of the third device is disposed within 3.0 mm of an active area of the second device. The first product further comprises a second plastic film portion connecting the third substrate and the second substrate. The first and second plastic film portions are portions of a single plastic film. The first plastic film portion is disposed over a first side of the second substrate, and the second plastic film portion is disposed over a second side of the second substrate opposite the first side of the second substrate. The first device is disposed over the first side of the first substrate. The second device is disposed over the first side of the second substrate. The first device comprises a first barrier film disposed over an active area of the first device; or comprises a first barrier film covering at least a portion of a first side of the first substrate, at least a portion of a first edge of the first substrate, and at least a portion of a first side of the first device. The first device comprises a barrier film disposed over an active area of the device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid solution is a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethyl sulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoroethyl sulfonyl)imide, lithium difluoro(oxalate) borate, lithium bis(oxalate)borate or salt of formula: LiPFa(CnF2n+1)6-a (III). The electrolyte solution further contains 0.5-70 ppm hydrogen fluoride.a=0-5;andn=1-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The fluorine-containing compound (I) is methyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbonate or ethyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbonate. The compound (II) is bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate. The solvent further contains non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate, fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate, or non-fluorinated linear carbonate. The non-fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate. The non-fluorinated linear carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, methylbutyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate or ethyl butyl carbonate. The mass ratio of the compounds (I) and (II) is 1 or more. The electrolyte solution further contains 0.1-10 %mass unsaturated cyclic carbonate, fluorinated saturated cyclic carbonate or cyclic sulfonic acid compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is mixed solvent of glycol and alcohol-based solvent in ratio of 9.98:0.02-5:5. The precipitation is performed using pro-oxidant chosen from oxygen gas, air or hydrogen peroxide. The precipitate is washed with acetone or alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkaline-earth metal is calcium. Alkali metal is lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chemical reagent comprises water, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen fluoride, sodium hydroxide, and organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar battery is made of mono-crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, five group semiconductor or indium-galliumselenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The two passivation layers are made of silicon oxide, silicon carbide, alumina, silicon nitride and amorphous silicon thin film material. The anti-reflection layer is made of silicon nitride film material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Polycrystalline silicon ingot is purified silicon substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Random copolymer contains structural unit of formula (A) and structural unit of formula (B). Concentration of polymer solution is greater than or equal to 3 wt.%. Preferred Parameters: Temperature of air which dries polymer solution is greater than or equal to 80 degrees C. Absolute humidity of air which dries polymer solution is greater than or equal to 30 g/kgD.A.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Metal ion (I) consists of cation of elements of groups 3-15, preferably titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, silver, cadmium, tin, antimony, rhenium, platinum, gold, lead and/or bismuth. Metal ions (II,III) consist of cation of alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal, preferably lithium and magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyatomic anions are complex ion which uses boron, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as nucleus, perchlorate ion, sulfonic acid ion, imide ion, methide ion, alkyl phosphate ion, cyanide ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, sulfite ion, thiosulfate ion, thiocyanate ion, carbonate ion, phosphate ion, acetate ion, propanoate ion, trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, benzoic acid ion, oxalate ion and/or phthalic acid ion. The nonaqueous electrolyte comprises solute and ionic liquid containing organic solvent. The organic solvent is cyclic carbonate, cyclic ester, linear carbonate, cyclic ether, linear ether, nitrile and/or heterocyclic compounds, preferably propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran and/or dimethoxyethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass paste has TI value of 1-2. The softening point of the glass powder material is 500 degrees C or less. The glass powder material contains 65-95 %mass or 65-85 %mass boron trioxide, 1-20 %mass or 10-25 %mass bismuth trioxide and 1-20 %mass or 1-10 %mass zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of amino group-containing compound having boiling point less than 100 degrees C (a-1) to amino group-containing compound having boiling point 100 degrees C or more (a-2) is 15:85-70:30. The functional group of compound (B) is chosen from amino group, isocyanate group, cyano group, vinyl group, epoxy group and/or mercapto group. The composition contains 5-13 pts. wt. of organic solvent with respect to 100 pts. wt. of silver fine particles. Preferred Property: The solubility parameter of organic solvent is less than 12 (cal/cm3)1/2. The composition is used as material for polymer films containing polymer having glass transition temperature of 100 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The electronic device further comprises a transistor including an active layer formed of the fused polycyclic heteroaromatic compound in a channel region.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general method for the preparation of the compound (I) is given. Preferred Compound: The compound (I) is selected from 8 compounds as given in the specification, e.g. compound of formula (I'). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 8 Compounds are disclosed as the compound (I), e.g. compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Ie).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of the polymer, comprises carrying out Suzuki-, Yamamoto-, Stille- or Hartwig-Buchwald polymerization. Preferred Components: (I) comprise arylamine structural units of formula (Ia) or (Ib). The proportion of (I) in the polymer is 50-95 mole% based on 100 mole% of all copolymerized monomers, which are present in the polymer as structural units. The polymer in addition to (I), comprises further structural units, which are different from (I).q = 0-6;X = C(R)2, NR, Si(R)2, O, S, C=O or P=O;r = 0 or 1;m = 0-4; eithers, t = 0 or 1; ors+t = 1 or 2; andn = 0-3. Preferred Definitions:    Ar3 = arylamine moieties of formula (IIa)-(IIc);    Ar4 = substituted phenyl moieties of formula (IIIa) or substituted phenyl-diyl moieties of formula (IIIb); and    p = 0-5.    EXAMPLE - 50% N,N-Bis(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-9,9'-spirobi(fluoren)-4-amine and 50% 2,8-dibromo-6,6,12,12-tetraoctyl-6,12-dihydro-indeno(1,2-b)fluorene were subjected to Suzuki coupling to obtain the polymer (having weight average molecular weight of 339000 g/mole and polydispersity of 3.1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The etching gas contains a gas having an oxygen atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Copolymerization ratios of ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic acid in ethylene-based copolymer (A) are 5-20 mass%. Preferred Components: The ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated carboxylic acid is (meth)acrylic acid. Polyolefin (C) is chosen from random polypropylene and homo polypropylene, low density polyethylene, and linear low density polyethylene. Molded material is skin material. Multilayer material has base material in which greater than or equal to 1 part is foaming layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The etching liquid contains acids other than fluorine compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The etching liquid further contains carboxymethyl cellulose salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Compounding mass ratio of electroconductive mixture and insulating nanofiber is 1:0.2. Electroconductive mixture is a mixture of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonate. Insulating nanofiber consists of cellulose, chitin and chitosan. Electrically conductive composition further contains water-dispersible polymer compound or water-soluble polymer compound. Medium is a mixing solution of water or water, and alcohol, in which ratio of electroconductive mixture with respect to medium is less than or equal to 1 mass%. Preferred Parameters: Volume resistivity of biomass nanofiber is greater than or equal to 106 ohm.cm. Average diameter is less than or equal to 50 nm and the biomass nanofiber is disentangled by high pressure injection process at 30-245 Mpa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active sludge in the reactor is installed with negative and positive electrodes. The positive electrode is formed using graphite material. The negative electrode is titanium-based lead dioxide material. The anode electrodes are at the aerobic environment. Preferred Property: The chemical oxygen demand of sewage is 200 mg/L or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The passivation layer is made of aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first dopant is made of bismuth and second dopant is made of boron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The stirring method comprises ultrasonic stirring for stirring the added materials and water system to dissolve, and then ultrasonically heating and stirring. Preferred Components: The titanium source is titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetrafluoride, titanium chloride, titanium sulfate, titanyl sulfate, isopropyl titanate, tetrabutyl titanate, titanium tetrafluoride, titanium powder or titanium sheet. The acid is hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid or benzoic acid. The mass ratio of the water system and the titanium source is 1:1-40:1, the mol ratio of the chelating agent and titanium source is 1:10-10:1, and the mol ratio of the acid and titanium source is 1:10-10:1. The water system is a mixture of water and other liquid including ethanol, ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The n-type material comprises n-type nanocrystals made of semiconductors comprising bismuth sulfide, pyrite, ferrous sulfide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, copper sulfide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, silicon, germanium, copper zinc tin sulfide, mercury telluride, cadmium mercury telluride and copper indium gallium diselenide. The p-type material comprises bismuth sulfide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, copper oxide, copper zinc tin sulfide, copper indium gallium diselenide, copper sulfide, Silicon, Germanium, pyrite, ferrous sulfide, mercury telluride and cadmium mercury telluride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrothermal treatment is done at 180-200 degrees C for 12-24 hours. The method further comprises washing with deionized water and freeze-drying for 12-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, a solvent is added to the mixture. The mixture is heated to 60 degrees C for 24 hours. The method further comprises annealing the carbon structure at 150 degrees C for 20 minutes. Preferred Components: The ratio of carbon material to radical initiator in the mixture is 1:0.5-1:4. The solvent is chloroform. The radical initiator is peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, a compound with a peroxide functional group, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetone peroxide, bisacylphosphine oxide, aluminophosphate, tert-amyl peroxy-2-ethyl and/or azobisisobutyronitrile. The carbon material is a nanomaterial comprising multiwalled carbon nanotubes, single walled carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and/or graphene. The elastic modulus of the carbon structure is 16-84 MPa. The hardness of the carbon structure is 0.7-4.9 MPa. The carbon structure has: a pore diameter of 125 nm and 325 mu m; a porosity of 20-95%; a dimension of greater than 1 mm; and a bulk electrical conductivity of 2x 10-1S cm-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of primary particles and secondary particles is 1-8. The substrate further has electrode layer. The high-refractive layer further contains binder. The weight ratio of sum of primary particles and secondary particles and binder is 1-5, preferably 2-5. The binder is polysiloxane, polyamic acid or polyimide. Organic layer in the organic electronic device comprises light-emitting layer. Preferred Properties: The high-refractive layer has refractive index of 1.4 to less than 1.7, or 1.7 or more. The surface of high-refractive layer has maximum height roughness of 1 mu m or less. The primary particles have refractive index of 2.2 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The ceramic powder particles have size of 0.1-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor uses sulfur hexaflouride and nitrogen trifluoride. The substrate is etched using mixture of chlorine and oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The impurities are silicon tetrachloride, dichlorosilane and mono chlorosilane. The absorber uses activated carbon as a carrier during a preprocessing process. The activated carbon is injected into a reactor within a furnace and heated up at 500 degrees C under the flow of the nitrogen. The steam is injected with the nitrogen using a saturator at 500 degrees C for 2 hours during the preprocessing process. The surface area of the absorber is 830.2986 m2/g. The absorber is made of transition metal i.e. nickel nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The backside reflection film is made of aluminum zinc-oxide and boron zinc-oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oligomeric silsesquioxane is of formula ((RSiO(1.5))m(XSiO(1.5))n).either m = more than 3; andn = more than 0; orm+n = 6-12, where m+n is even number;R = H, 1-10C alkyl (optionally substituted with T), 3-10C cycloalkyl, aryl, silyl (all are preferred), 2-6C alkenyl, 3-6C cycloalkenyl, acrylic acid ester group or methacrylic acid ester group;T = 1-10C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 2-6C alkenyl, 3-6C cycloalkenyl, aryl silyl (all are preferred) or epoxy; andX = OH, halo, acrylic acid ester group, a methacrylic acid ester group, thiol, amino, sulfonic acid group (all are preferred), carboxy, fluoroalkyl or cyano, or R groups containing OH, halo, acrylic acid ester group, a methacrylic acid ester group, thiol, amino, sulfonic acid group (all are preferred), carboxy, fluoroalkyl or cyano.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone) is sulfonated poly(ether ketone), sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), sulfonated polyether ketone ketone, sulfonated polyether ether ketone ketone, sulfonated poly(ether ketone ether ketone ketone), sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone sulfone) and/or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone ketone sulfone), where its sulfonation degree is 40-90% (preferably 30-90%).