TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal ion combined with (I) or (II) includes sodium ion (Na+), potassium ion (K+), magnesium ion (Mg2+), calcium ion (Ca+) and cesium ion (Cs+). The polymer containing solar cell comprises a photoactive layer, an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer. The polymer LED comprises an N-type light-emitting layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: (Ia) is prepared by reacting 2,7-dibromo-9H-fluorene compound and dichloromethane substituted with 1-12C-alkoxy group and 1-12C-ester group to produce 2,7-dibromo-9H-fluorene of formula (IIa), reacting (IIa) with a compound including trimethylamine, triethylamine, dimethylamine and N,N-dimethyl-ethylamine group to produce (Ia), and treating (Ia) to produce (I). (Ib) is prepared by reacting 2,7-dibromo-9H-fluorene compound and dichloromethane substituted with 1-12C-alkoxy group and 1-12C-ester group to produce bromine compound of formula (IIIa) or (Br-R3-Br) (IVa), reacting (IIa) with (IIIa) or (IVa) to produce (Ib), and then treating (Ib) to produce (II).R4, R5 = 1-12C-alkoxy or 1-12C-ester substituted with terminal chlorine ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (Q) comprises processing membrane compounds of formula (Ia) or (Ib) containing anions. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds Q are specifically claimed i.e. 9H-fluorene compounds of formulae (III) to (V).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The preparation of solar energy battery conductive polymeric film benzene-biphenyl derivative comprises mixing substituted benzene acetylene of formula (i) and peroxide initiator at 80-100:0.5-5 mass ratio in solvent, stirring at 20-100 degrees C for 10-18 hours, coating, and heat curing. Preferred Component: The solvent is water and organic solvent. The organic solvent is methylene dichloride, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran or toluene. The initiator is benzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy benzoate, isopropyl benzene hydrogen peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cobalt salt is cobalt oxalate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate or cobalt nitrate. The manganese salt is manganese oxalate, manganese sulfate, manganese acetate or manganese nitrate. The inert gas is nitrogen or argon. Preferred Process: The graphene is prepared by dispersing 0.015-0.12 g graphite powder to 20-25 ml concentrated sulfuric acid, stirring and adding potassium permanganate, stirring for 30-60 minutes, heating, adding 46 ml deionized water, stirring, adding 10 ml 30% hydrogen peroxide, stirring, centrifugal-separating and washing with deionized water and acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction medium is water, absolute ethyl alcohol, methanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide or glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst (A) is organic tin chelate of formula (I). alpha , omega -dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxane is represented by formula HO-((CH3)2SiO)n-H which has viscosity at 25 degrees C of 5-60 Pa.S. Anti-yellowing adhesive is an antioxidant which has hindered phenol and phosphite ester structure of formula (II). Coupling agent is silane coupling agent, epoxy silane coupling agent, and/or mercapto silane coupling agent. Coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane: gamma -(2,3-epoxypropoxypropyl)methyl dimethoxysilane with weight ratio of 1-3:1 or gamma -(2,3-epoxypropoxypropyl)methyl dimethoxysilane: gamma -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane with weight ratio of 1:1-3:1. Crosslinking agent is dialkyl ketone oxime silane or diisopropyl alkyl ketone oxime silane. Raw material composition contains 15-60 pts. wt. flame retardant consisting of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, melamine, ammonium polyphosphate, and/or zinc borate.R7=n-butyl or n-octyl;R8, R9=Me, Et, propyl, or isopropyl;n=100-2000; andR1-R6=isopropyl or tert.-butyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic-inorganic hybrid layer comprises 20-99.99 pts. wt. of organosilane compound and 0.01-80 pts. wt. of metal alkoxide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base layer is made of a polymer-clay nano complexing agent in which a clay nano-material is dispersed on a polymer matrix. The fluorinated polymer layer comprises the fluorine containing copolymer including hydroxyl group or epoxy group monomer and fluorine element containing monomer, where the fluorine element containing monomer comprises tetrafluoroethylene, hexa fluoro propylene, fluorovinylidene, chloro trifluoro ethylene, trifluoro ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, alkyl vinyl ether, fluorination alkoxy alkyl vinyl ether or the fluorine-containing metaacrylic acid ester, and the hydroxyl group or epoxy group monomer comprises hydroxy ether vinyl ether, hydroxypropylvinylether, hydroxybutylvinylether, hydroxypentylvinylether, hydroxyhexylvinylether, hydroxybutyl arylether, glycerol monoaryl ether, allyl alcohol or hydroxyethyl metaacrylic acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic semiconductor film further contains organic polymer compound chosen from poly alpha -methylstyrene, amorphous polycarbonate, polyarylamine, polycarbazole and polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal compound comprises lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, ferrous, nickel, copper, lanthanum, and rhenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material includes melamine, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyethylene naphthalene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyaniline and poly methacrylic acid. The catalyst comprises platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, molybdenum, osmium, iridium, rhenium, palladium, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, iron, selenium, nickel, bismuth, tin, chromium, titanium, gold, cerium and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing monomers include tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene, ethylene trifluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, alkyl vinyl ethers, fluorinated alkoxy alkyl vinyl ethers, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), perfluoro(alkoxy vinyl ether) and fluorine-containing methacrylic acid ester. The hydroxyl group or an epoxy group-containing monomers are hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, hydroxypentyl vinyl ether, hydroxyhexyl vinyl ether, hydroxyethyl aryl ethers, hydroxybutyl aryl ether, glycerol monoallyl ether, allyl alcohol, and hydroxyethyl methacrylic acid ester. The solar cell comprises a solar cell element, an adhesive layer and a protective film that are sequentially stacked.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic-inorganic hybrid layer and inorganic barrier layer are formed on a top surface of the base layer. The film further comprises an adhesive layer formed between the fluorinated polymer layer and the barrier film. The base layer comprises polymer composites containing single polymer, blends of two or more polymers and organic or inorganic additives. The base layer comprises dispersed polymer-clay nanocomposites. The organic-inorganic hybrid layer is made of 20-99.99 pts. wt. of organosilane and 0.01-80 pts. wt. of metal alkoxide. The fluorine-containing polymer layer comprises 0.5-10 pts. wt. of fluorine-containing copolymer including fluorine-containing monomer and hydroxyl group or an epoxy group-containing monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional polymer is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or polyacrylamide. The stabilizing agent is polyethylene glycol. The stabilizing agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, fatty alcohol polyethenoxy ether or boric acid ester coupling agent. The foaming agent is polysiloxane polyether copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indium salt is indium chloride, indium acetate, bi-acetyl acetone indium or indium nitrate. The tin salt is anhydrous stannic chloride or tin acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is fatty acid bi-glycol ether, polyoxyethylene alkene bi-dehydrated sorbitol single oleic acid ester, bi-epoxy/propylene oxide block copolymer, bi-fatty acid alcohol amide, fatty acid two bialcohol, glycerol monostearate, straight-chain alkyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene bi-oxyalkylene ether sodium sulfate. The stabilizing agent is amine compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The spirobipyrrolidinium salt is chosen from spirobipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate and spirobipyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate. The lithium salt is chosen from 15 compounds e.g. lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium chloride, lithium bromide and lithium iodide. The solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methypyrrolidone, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone and sulfolane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The lead-acid-storage-battery repairing reducing agent contains 1.5 %mass polyethylene glycol, 4.5 %mass polyvinyl alcohol, 0.25 %mass 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, 2 %mass 1,2-propylene glycol, 1.8 %mass ammonium acetate, and 0.25 %mass graphite oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The electron buffer layer is obtained using lithium fluoride, nitrogen cesium or cesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hole buffer layer is obtained using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) at a mass ratio of 2:1-6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The outer layer and the inner layer comprise 90-99% polyvinylidene fluoride resin and 1-10% titanium dioxide and/or carbon black. The core layer comprises 50-80% polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 5-30% titanium dioxide and/or carbon black and 0-30% dispersing agent; or 50-80% polyvinylidene fluoride resin, 10-30% titanium dioxide and/or carbon black and 5-20% dispersing agent. The dispersing agent is crystalline form of polyethylene with adsorption function and capable of dispersing titanium dioxide and/or carbon black in polyvinylidene fluoride. The dispersing agent is poly(methyl methacrylate) resin. The polyvinylidene fluoride film has thickness of 15-40 mu m. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the blending specifically comprises melting the raw materials in the double screw extruder at 150-260 degrees C, plasticizing, extruding, bracing, water cooling and cutting to obtain the to obtain the outer layer raw material, the core layer raw material and the inner layer raw material respectively. In the step (ii), the extruding die head temperature is 160-260 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pore-forming agent is insoluble in a pore-forming solvent. The pore-forming agent contains calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, barium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or barium bicarbonate. The solvent (B) is diluted hydrochloric acid. Preferred Process: The pore-forming agent or film containing pore-forming agent, and adjuvant (C) are added into a solvent (B) which is capable of dissolving pore-forming agent or adjuvant (C), or capable of converting pore-forming agent or adjuvant (C) to soluble material, during formation of porous film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid electrolyte contains iodide ion/iodine, bromide ion/bromine, selenocyanate ion/selenocyanogen, thiocyanate/thiocyanide or bipyridyl cobalt(II/III) redox solution. The solvent (A) is volatile solvent chosen from toluene, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, cyclohexane and/or n-butyl alcohol. Preferred Process: Preferred Process: Chloride adjuvant or glucose adjuvant (C) is added during formation of porous film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl butyral is of formula (I), and has molecular weight of 5000-250000.x,y,z=natural number.Preferred Process: The porous film is formed by adding polyvinyl butyral and pore-forming agent into a solvent (A), stirring, forming film using obtained colloid, and removing pore-forming agent in the film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organosiloxane has silicon-oxygen-silicon bond or carbon-silicon-oxygen bond, and side group containing two or more unsaturated hydrophilic groups chosen from hydroxyl group, hydrogen, amino group, and sulfino group. The organosiloxane has a molecular weight of less than 3000 Da. The polyoxyethylene ether is of formula: H(OCH2CH2)nOH and has a molecular weight of less than 2000 Da.n=greater than 10.The silicone oil is methylsilicone oil, ethylsilicone oil, methylphenylsilicone oil, or hydroxy silicone oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The air inlet pipe and the guide vane are made of polyacetylene, linear polyphenyl material, polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, phenolic resin, polyvinyl fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene or polyethylene material. The system is provided with an upper cover, two circuit boards and a lower cover that are made of phenol-formaldehyde resin, polyacetylene, linear polyphenyl material, polystyrene, PTFE, polypropylene, polyimide, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene or polyethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of vulcanizing agent and surfactant is 3:3-6:1-6. The conductive substrate is conductive glass or metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble antimony salt is antimony nitrate or antimony acetate. The vulcanizing agent is thiourea or thioacetamide. The surfactant is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or sodium dodecyl sulfate. The adhesive is polyethylene glycol, polytetrafluoroethylene, carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinylidene fluoride. The solvent is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal cathode contains material comprising silver, aluminum or copper and having thickness of 100-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate, alkyl ethoxylated sulfate, ethoxylated alkyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, N-acyl glutamate, ether carboxylate, monoalkyl ether, sodium phosphate, sodium linear alkylbenzene, alpha -olefin sulfonate, monovalent sodium carboxylate, alkyl phosphate, hexylmethyl naphthalene sulfonate, methyl octyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium methyl naphthalene sulfonate decyl, dodecyl or tetradecyl methyl naphthalene sulfonate and/or sodium methyl naphthalene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anode buffer layer containing poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate and having thickness of 10-80 nm. The optical active layer is electron donor material containing mixture of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester in mass ratio of 1:20-5:1 and having concentration of 1-20 mg/ml, and thickness of 50-300 nm. The cathode buffer layer contains material of 1,3,5-tris(2-N-phenyl-benzimidzolyl)benzene, 9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, bathophenanthroline or lithium fluoride and having thickness of 1-10 nm. The substrate contains glass or transparent polymeric material including polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyimide, vinyl chloride-acetate resin or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic powder is chosen from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, zirconia and/or boron carbide powder. The chemical vapor deposition process is carried out in presence of gas chosen from nitrogen, argon, helium and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal powder is chosen from copper, iridium, platinum, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, niobium, tantalum, ruthenium, titanium, zirconium, palladium, iron, cobalt, nickel, vanadium and rhodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bonding agent is chosen from propylene glycol, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or polyvinyl alcohol. The chemical vapor deposition process is carried out in presence of carbon source chosen from methane, ethylene, acetylene, ethanol, ethane, propane and mixed gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The outer layer, the intermediate layer and the inner layer are added with UV stabilizer, antioxidant, flame retardant, titanium dioxide and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The olefin polymer is homopolymer polypropylene, copolymer polypropylene or random polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pattern is etched with the mixture of hydrogen peroxide and potassium hydroxide for 5-60 minutes using the photochemical etching method. Preferred Components: The transparent electrode is made of graphene, carbon nanotube, indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, indium doped zinc oxide or aluminum doped zinc oxide. The reflective electrode is made of iron, silver, gold, copper, chromium, tungsten, aluminum, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, indium, manganese, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tin, lead, vanadium, ruthenium, iridium, zirconium or rhodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, poly carbonate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, poly acrylate, poly(urethane acrylate), polydimethylsiloxane, poly(methyl methacrylate) or stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye molecule further comprises an inclusion compound that is deoxycholic acid, dihydro deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxy-cholic acid, cholic acid methyl ester, sodium cholate, polyetylene oxide, cholic acid, crown ether, cyclodextrin, calixarene or polyethylene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ball absorber is a silane coupling ball absorber that is made of 3-(triethoxysilyl)furan, 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzenes, 1,3-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzenes, bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)tetrasulfide, ((3-Mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane), triethoxy-3-(2-imidazolin-1-yl)propylsilane or 4,4'-bis(triethoxysilyl)-1,1'-biphenyl. The ball absorber further comprises a dye molecule that is made of ruthenium dithiocyanate 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal powder includes silver, aluminum, barium titanate, carbon, copper, aluminum oxide, nickel, iron, platinum/carbon and silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 20-60 wt.% of metal powder, 15-35 wt.% of binder resin, 15-35 wt.% of solvent and 0.01-6 wt.% of (I). Preferred Components: The solvent includes butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, terpinol, toluene and ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder resin is ethyl cellulose, acrylic and acrylic cellulose. (I) includes polyurethane, polyurea and polyamide. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flexible printed circuit board comprises stainless steel, iron, silver, gold, copper, chromium, tungsten, aluminum, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, indium, manganese, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tin, lead, vanadium, ruthenium, iridium, zirconium, rhodium and magnesium. The nano wire conductive layer comprises silver, indium tin oxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first dielectric layer comprises 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), benocyclidine (BCP), tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3), trimethylolpropane tris(3-aziridinyl propionate) (TAZ), polybutadiene, bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminum(III) (BAlq), 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogenphosphate (BNP), perfluorinated phenylene oligomers (PF-6P), titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and cesium carbonate. The second dielectric layer comprises Bphen, BCP, Alq3, TAZ, PBD, BAlq, BNP, PF-6P, N,N'-(di-((1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, triazabicyclodecene, p-phenylenediamine, PTDATA, DBC, molybdenum trioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, tungsten trioxide, vanadium(V) oxide, nickel(II) oxide and indium tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting amine compound of formula (II) with 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone compound of formula (III) to obtain phenazine-2,3-diol compound of formula (IV); reacting compound (IV) with hydrogen or p-toluene sulfonyl compound of formula (R-OA) (V) to obtain (2E)-2-ethylidene-3-methylene-quinoxaline compound of formula (VI); and reacting compound (VI) with tin containing compound of formula (VII) to obtain compound (I). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting amine compound of formula (II) with 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone compound of formula (III) to obtain phenazine-2,3-diol compound of formula (IV); reacting compound (IV) with hydrogen or p-toluene sulfonyl compound of formula (R-OA) (V) to obtain (2E)-2-ethylidene-3-methylene-quinoxaline compound of formula (VI); and reacting compound (VI) with tin compound of formula (VII) to obtain compound (I). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphite nanofiber comprises graphene, catalytic metal particles and silicone compound, where graphite sheets are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the nanofiber axis. The nanofiber axis comprises amorphous carbon. The amount of: metal precursor is 1-60 wt.%; and silicon oxide is 5-20 wt.%. The silicone compound includes silicon dioxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride and silicon carbide. The metal precursor includes palladium, platinum, gold, silver, cobalt, iron, nickel ion, tin, copper, antimony, titanium, magnesium, manganese, calcium, zinc, indium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum and silicone ion. Preferred Method: The heat-treating step is carried out at a temperature of 250-350 degrees C under air atmosphere and at 1300-3000 degrees C under nitrogen atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent includes N,N- dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, gamma -butyrolactone, N-methylpyrolidone, chloroform, toluene and acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon fiber precursor material includes polyacrylonitrile, polyfurfuryl alcohol, cellulose, glucose, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate, polylactic acid, polyethylene oxide, polypyrrole, polyimide, polyamide-imide, poly-aramid, poly-benzyl imidazole, polyaniline and phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst includes titanium isopropoxide, where the amount of titanium isopropoxide injected in the reaction container is 0.55 g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (1) comprises injecting 150.6 g of adipic acid, 115.14 g of diethylene glycol, 81.05 g of ethylene glycol and 21.32 g of trimethylolpropane in the reaction container and then heating at 220oC. The vacuum treatment is performed at 220 degrees C for 10 hours to obtain the polyol. The polyol is cooled by a primary cooling temperature of 130 degrees C for 2 hours and secondary cooling temperature of 75 degrees C. The reaction vessel is injected with 18.24 g of isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 0.54 g of monomethyl ether hydroquinone, 0.566 g of butylated hydroxy toluene and 0.526 g of dibutyl-tin-dilaulate after the secondary cooling process. The secondary cooled product is reacted at 70-80 degrees C for 3 hours. EXAMPLE - The adipic acid (150.6 g), diethylene glycol (115.14 g), ethylene glycol (81.05 g) and trimethylolpropane (21.32 g) were injected in a reaction container and it heated to 220 degrees C. The titanium isopropoxide (0.55 g) was injected in the reaction container and heated at 220 degrees C in a perfect vacuum for 10 hours to obtain polyol (114 g). The obtained polyol was primary cooled at 130 degrees C after it was processed in the vacuum at 130 degrees C for 2 hours and then it was secondary cooled at 75 degrees C. The isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (18.24 g), monomethyl hydroquinone (0.54 g), butylated hydroxy toluene (0.566 g) and dibutyl-tin-dilaulate (0.526 g) were injected in the polyol and it reacted at 70-80 degrees C for 3 hours to obtain a product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode layer contains 11 pts. wt. carbon nanotubes, 7 pts. wt. activated carbon and 82 pts. wt. graphene, 80 pts. wt. nano-micro-electrolysis-purified component and 10 pts. wt. polyvinylidene fluoride binder composite. The negative electrode layer contains 7 pts. wt. carbon nanotubes, 7 pts. wt. activated carbon, 86 pts. wt. graphene, 80 pts. wt. nano-micro-electrolysis-purified component and 10 pts. wt. polyvinylidene fluoride binder composite. The positive electrode active material layer contains 52 pts. wt. nickel-cobalt-lithium manganate, 47.3 pts. wt. lithium iron phosphate, 0.7 pt. wt. high-specific-volume tantalum nano powder, 42 pts. wt. nano-micro-electrolysis-purified component and 3 pts. wt. polyvinylidene fluoride binder composite. The negative electrode active material layer contains 77 pts. wt. lithium titanate, 2.5 pts. wt. carbon nanotubes, 18.9 pts. wt. activated carbon, 1.6 pts. wt. graphene, 44.7 pts. wt. nano-micro-electrolysis-purified component and 7.7 pts. wt. polyvinylidene fluoride binder composite. The positive protective layer and negative protective layer contain 100 pts. wt. nano aluminum oxide, 250 pts. wt. nano-micro-electrolysis-purified component and 10 pts. wt. polyvinylidene fluoride binder composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The ink composite further comprises adhesion promoter. Preferred Properties: The ink composite has solid content of 25-45 pts. wt. and viscosity of 10-100 component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The melamine compound is of formula (I). The organic solvent is chosen from diethylene glycol methyl butyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, methoxyethanol, butoxyethyl acetate, butoxy propanol, butyl lactate, ethoxyethanol, ethoxyethylacetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethyl ethoxy propionate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether and propylene glycol butyl ether.R1-R6=H, 1-6C alkyl, 1-6C alkoxy, carboxy, 1-6C ether, 1-6C alcohol, amino, nitro, hydroxy, phenyl or acryl.Preferred Property: The organic solvent has boiling point of 140-250 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alkali-soluble resin is phenol resin, acrylic resin, hydroxystyrene, polyvinyl phenol or polyimide resin. The phenol resin is novolak resin having weight-average molecular weight of 500-7000. The fluorosurfactant includes polyethylene glycol and perfluoro carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive additive is chosen from silver, gold, nickel, copper, aluminum, tin, platinum, silicone, silica, titanium oxide, barium titanate, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxidate, carbon black, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes and/or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cyanoethylated polymer resin includes cyanoethyl group and hydroxyl group. The cyanoethylated polymeric composition further comprises adhesive and conductive additive. The weight ratio of cyanoethylated polymer resin and adhesive is 98:2-5:95. Preferred Properties: The cyanoethylated polymer resin has cyanoethylated substitution ratio of 52-100%, hydroxyl value of 10-1800 mg potassium hydroxde/g, average molecular weight (Mw) of 50000-520000, and molecular weight distribution of (Mw/Mn) of 2-3.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle size of the hydrogen-storage particles is 5-50 nm. Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-storage particle is metal or metal compound chosen from lithium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, lanthanum and ruthenium. The molar ratio of the hydrogen-storage particles and polymeric material is 40:60-95:5. The hydrogen-storage unit further contains 1-70 pts. wt. catalyst chosen from platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, molybdenum, osmium, iridium, rhenium, palladium, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, iron, selenium, nickel, bismuth, tin, chromium, titanium, gold, cerium and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate or potassium dodecyl sulfate, and the initiator is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate. The demulsifier is an aqueous solution of alkyl bromide pyridine, or aluminum sulfate. The nano-particles are silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, tin dioxide (preferred), titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, lithium aluminate, ceric oxide or iron(ii,iii) oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate is 3-7:1. Preferred Process: The stirring process is performed at the speed of 700-800 revolutions per minute. The polymer latex product is washed for 4-7 times using the deionized water at 35-45 degrees C, washing for 5-6 times using absolute ethyl alcohol at room temperature and again washing using the de-ionized water for 8-10 times. The polymer film is dried in an oven using hot air of 40-50 degrees C for 2-3 hours, and again dried at 55-60 degrees C for 12-14 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises dissolving the coupling agent in an amount of acetone solution, adding 100 g of heat conducting material, heating at 55 degrees C for 3 hours using water bath and stirring at 100 degrees C drying for 48 hours in vacuum, where the coupling agent is present in an amount of 1.5-3 g. Preferred Components: The heat conducting filler powder A comprises zinc oxide present in an amount of 75-90 g, and an aluminum oxide present in an amount of 10-25 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Titanium oxide nanotube has inner diameter of 20-80 nm, spacing of 10-30 nm and fill length of equal to or less than the nanotube length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium triflate, lithium tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate, lithium bisoxalatoborate and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The electrolytic solution is formed by mixing lithium salt and organic solvent having concentration of 0.2-1.5 mol/l. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate and its isomers, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, sulfolane, 1,2 - dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3- dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran and/or dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solute comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetraborate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. Preferred Composition: The positive electrode further comprises lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide (Li-Ni-(0.33)-Mn(0.33)-Co(0.33)-O2), acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride at a mass ratio of 94:3:3, and artificial graphite, acetylene black, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and butadiene styrene rubber at a mass ratio of 94:1.5:2:2.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conventional additives are selected from ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate. The succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride derivative is selected from 2-methyl-maleic anhydride, 2,3-difluoro-maleic anhydride, 3-aza-bicyclo(3.1.0)-2, 4-dione, 2,2-dimethyl-succinic anhydride and tetrahydro phthalic anhydride. The solvent comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate ester, butyl carbonate, calcium carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, ethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and gamma -butyrolactone. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the additive is 0.1-10 wt.%. The concentration of the succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride derivative is 0.01-8 wt.%, preferably 0.2-4 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: A substrate used in improvement of efficiency of polymer solar battery is transparent conductive electrode substrate or glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of zinc oxide-containing electron transporting layer is 35-45 nm. Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive electrode substrate contains indium tin oxide, fluorinated tin oxide or aluminum-doped zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A cavity transport layer used in improvement of efficiency of polymer solar battery is poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styene sulfonic acid) blend film. The material of photosensitive layer is chosen from poly(3-hexylthiophene):1-(3-(Methoxycarbonyl)propyl)-1-phenyl-(6.6)C61, and polymersome encapsulated hemoglobin: poly(p-phenylene vinylene)-(6,6)-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is chosen from ethanol, acetone, propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbon-nitrogen source is chosen from melamine formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin and polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The adhesive is applied on silicon and carbon-based anode material including natural graphite, modified natural graphite, artificial graphite, mesocarbon microspheres, carbon nanotubes, graphitized carbon fiber, hard carbon material, soft charcoal and/or graphene anode material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The natural polymer comprises sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, amylose, gum arabic, carboxymethyl chitin and/or carboxymethyl chitosan. The weight ratio of water-soluble natural polymer and polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid crosslinked product is 1:0.1-1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic flame retardant is a mixture of antimony trioxide and aluminum hydroxide (5-10 pts.wt.100 pts.wt.).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyether polyol is polyether glycol having a molecular weight of 800-2000, a trimethylol propane, polyether having a molecular weight of 400-4000 and polytetrahydrofuran with terminal hydroxyl groups having a molecular weight of 500-5000. The polyisocyanate is toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polymethine polyphenyl polyisocyanate (PAPI) or aliphatic and aromatic organic isocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The expanded perlite has particle diameter of 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The chitosan has molecular weight of 10-100 million.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic azide and organic nitrile for synthesizing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring protoplasm functional group contains triazole protoplasm sub-groups, triazole-containing macromer, tetrazole protoplasm sub-groups and tetrazole monomer. The triazole ring substituent is aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, aromatic fatty group, aromatic thiol group, heterocyclic group, heterocyclic fatty group, a thiol group and phenoxy group. The nitrogen heterocyclic ring grafted soft frame molecule is gamma -chloropropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, gamma -chloropropyl trimethoxy silane, gamma -chlorine propyldiethoxy methyl silane and polyphosphazene. The triazole-based monomer functional groups as protecting groups are valerate group or p-methoxybenzyl group. The graft crosslinking group comprises alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group, aromatic fatty group, carboxy group, heterocyclic ring, heterocyclic fatty group, a thiol group and oxygen-phenoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The glass fiber is chopped glass fiber having diameter of 3 nm to 7 mu m, and length of 2-4 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The expanded perlite has particle diameter of 10-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The vinyl monomer is made of kinds of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, itaconic acid, unsaturated carvone acid, sulfamic acid, alkenyl, and alkenyl sodium sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The wetting agent is made of alkyl sodium sulfate, alkyl phenol ether sodium sulfate, and sodium alkyl benzene. the reducing agent is pyro-sulfite. The photo-initiator is made of benzophenone, fluorene and apos, ketone, benzoin, or benzoin ethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass fiber is chopped and milled fibers with a diameter of 3-7 mu m and length of 2-4 mu m, and fine glass fiber length of 2-4 mu m. The expanded perlite has a hollow hole structure and particle diameter of 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanate is toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate and aromatic or aliphatic organic diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of polyether glycol is 800-2000. The molecular weight of propylene glycol polyether is 400-4000. The molecular weight of polytetrahydrofuran is 500-5000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The membrane is alkali metal inorganic oxides, alkali metal sulfide or alkali metal salt of solid polymer electrolyte, the polymer electrolyte is alkali metal salt of polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or alkali metal salt of alkali metal salt. The lithium salt is MC104, MBF4, MPF6, MBOB or MTFSI.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal is lithium, sodium, carbon,magnesium, aluminum, boron, silicon, gallium, indium or lead.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or dimethyl sulfoxide. The ionic liquid is BF4 or CF3S03-anion or imidazole, pyridine or sulfur onium cation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer electrolyte is solid polymer electrolyte or gel polymer electrolyte. The solid-state polymer electrolyte is alkali metal salt of polyethylene glycol oxide, alkali metal salt of a siloxane alkali metal salt of singleion polymer electrolyte or fluorine-containing alkali metal salt of olefin-based single-ion polymer electrolyte or organic electrolyte containing polyalkylene oxide, acrylonitrile polymer or copolymer, gel polymer electrolyte, polymer or copolymer of acrylic ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The titania nanotube has diameter of 5-20 nm and length of 30-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is m-phenylenediamine, 4,4-diamino diphenyl methane and diaminodiphenyl sulfone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A-type epoxy resin and phenol-modified epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene and 1-bromo-octan-2-one are reacted using potassium carbonate as catalyst in N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent, to obtain compound (I). The obtained compound (I) is reacted with methanesulfonic acid as catalyst in methylene chloride as solvent and then with n-butyl lithium and trimethyltin chloride. The obtained compound is reacted with indigo compound, palladium catalyst, ligand and anhydrous toluene as solvent, to obtain polymer (I) or (II). Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene and 1-bromo-octan-2-one is 1:2-1:3. The molar ratio of compound (I) and methacrylic acid is 1:5-1:20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Calcium carbonate is surface-activated calcium carbonate with particle size of 40-100 nm. Silica is fumed carbon black with specific surface are of 200 m2/g or 150 m2/g. Flame retardant is organic-silicon-treated aluminum hydroxide or melamine cyanurate with particle size of 2.5-12 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silane coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma -(glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane, gamma -(methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, and/or N-( beta -aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyl trimethoxysilane. Crosslinking agent is methyl tri(butanone oxime)silane, vinyl tri(butanone oxime)silane, and/or tetra(butanone oxime)silane. Catalyst is organic zirconium, preferably zirconium n-butyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: 107 glue is alpha , omega -dihydroxy polydimethoxysilane with viscosity of 5000-50000 cps. Dimethicone is methyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane with viscosity of 100-1000 cps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The inorganic binder is lead-free glass powder having a softening point of 450-650 degrees C and a grain diameter distribution of 1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: All the types of copper powder have a purity of 99.9%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic binder comprises organic solvent and 5-30% ozocerite. The organic solvent is terpineol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, and/or diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic resin is ethyl cellulose and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass adhesive agent comprises 10-20 wt.% silicon dioxide, 0-3 wt.% zinc oxide, 15-30 wt.% bismuth(III) oxide, 5-15 wt.% zirconium dioxide, 10-20 wt.% boron trioxide, 1-6 wt.% molybdenum trioxide, 5-15 wt.% aluminum oxide and 3-10 wt.% titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive metal powder is silver powder or aluminite powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carrier comprises 3-8 mass% organic bonding agent, 85-95 mass% solvent and 0.1-3 mass% auxiliary agent. Preferred Components: The organic bonding agent is acrylic acid resin, phenolic resin, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate or polyvinyl butyral, the solvent is terpilenol, turpentine oil, butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate. The auxiliary agent is dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate or dimethyl silicon oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises 0.6M 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 0.03M iodine, guanidinium thiocyanate, 0.5M t-butylpyridine, and acetonitrile and valeronitrile in a volume ratio of 85:15.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing polymer layer is fluorine-containing monomer homopolymer, fluorine-containing monomers, fluorine-containing monomer and nonfluorine-containing monomer, or fluorine-containing polymer and fluorine-containing or nonfluoropolymer blends. The biaxially oriented polyester film is polyester diol and dicarboxylic acid polycondensate. ACTIVITY - Auditory.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid electrolyte comprises 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate at ratio of 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidant solution is ferric chloride solution, ammonium persulfate solution, or p-toluenesulfonic acid solution. The reducing agent solution is 80% hydrazine hydrate aqueous solution or 48% hydrogen bromide aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is deionized water, isopropanol, ethanol, n-butanol, or chloroform. The concentration of graphene oxide is 0.5-10 mg/ml. The concentration of oxidant solution is 5-15%. The ratio of oxidant solution and thiophene monomer is 1:1-10:1. The weight ratio of reducing agent and thiophene monomer is 10:1-10:8. The cleaning solution is ethanol, acetone, or deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In step (1), the macro-monomer, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, lithium perchlorate, benzoin dimethyl ether, catalyst and foaming agent are present in the molar concentration ratio of 1:2.5:3:1.2:0.1:0.6, the catalyst is absolute ethyl alcohol, the foaming agent is azo compound. The step (2) comprises carrying out decompressing and distilling process to remove methylene chloride. The method further comprises carrying out extending process of gel electrolyte thin film and then drying at 120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The amount of the glass fibers contained in the template component is 30-50 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The glass fiber has thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm, diameter of 15-25 mu m, and length of 5-35 mm. The glass fiber preferably has diameter of 18-20 mu m, and length of 10-15 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antioxidant comprises primary antioxidant and secondary antioxidant. The primary antioxidant is hindered phenols or thioesters. The primary antioxidant is preferably Antioxidant-1010 (RTM: pentaerythrite tetra-( beta -(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate)). The secondary antioxidant is phosphites or phosphates, preferably Antioxidant-618 (RTM: O,O'-dioctadecyl pentaerythritol bis(phosphite)), or Antioxidant-168 (RTM: tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite). The light stabilizer is a hindered amine light stabilizer. The hindered amine light stabilizer comprises 3853S-type light stabilizer and 3346-type light stabilizer in the weight ratio of 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The glass fiber reinforced polypropylene material comprises 30-65 pts. wt. polypropylene, 25-45 pts. wt. glass fibers, 7-10 pts. wt. compatibilizing agent, 2-3 pts. wt. coupling agent, 0.5-1 pts. wt. antioxidant, and 0.5-1 pts. wt. light stabilizer. The compatibilizing agent is a maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene. Preferred Process: The polypropylene presoaked multilayer glass fiber net is heated in an oven for 10-20 minutes, before injecting into the exhaust block mold cavity. The template components are sealed using a butyl rubber sealing tape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The silane-grafted polyolefin elastomer resin is obtained by mixing polyolefin elastomer resin, 0.3-3 wt.% silane coupling agent, and 0.05-1 wt.% crosslinking agent, and pelleting using double-screw extruder, to obtain silane-grafted polyolefin elastomer resin. The polyolefin elastomer adhesive film is obtained by mixing 0.3-3 wt.% silane grafted resin, 0.1-3 wt.% crosslinking agent, 0.01-1 wt.% anti-aging agent 0.01-1%, and additives, and casting. Preferred Properties: The polyolefin elastomer adhesive film has thickness of 0.1-1 mm, and light transmittance of more than 85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The inorganic glass powder has softening point of 400-550 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The conductive paste further comprises rare-earth oxide additive containing yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide and/or samarium oxide. The conductive metal powder is silver and/or aluminum powder. The conductive paste comprises 70-80 wt.% aluminum powder, 0.5-5 wt.% rare-earth oxide additive, 1-5 wt.% inorganic glass powder and 10-20 wt.% organic vehicle. The metal nitrate used during preparation of solar cell is bismuth nitrate, zinc nitrate and/or aluminum nitrate, or magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate and/or antimony nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier includes 5-20 wt.% ethyl cellulose, 0.1-5 wt.% additive and 75-90 wt.% mixed solvent. The additive comprises polyamide powder, modified hydrogenated castor oil, cetyl alcohol and/or stearyl alcohol. The mixed solvent consists of terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine, ethylene glycol butyl ether, carbitol acetate, glycol ether acetate, tributyl citrate and/or tributyl phosphate. The silicate used during preparation of solar cell is propyl silicate, butyl silicate, isopropyl silicate and/or amyl silicate. The borate used during preparation of solar cell is boric acid, ethyl borate and/or butyl borate. The organic solvent used during preparation of solar cell is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of ethanol and deionized water is 1:1-1:2, respectively. The saccharide is sucrose, glucose, starch and cellulose. The mass ratio of carbon source and nitrogen source is 1:10-1:50, respectively. The mass ratio of carbonizing agent and carbon source is 1:2-1:3, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cyclic phosphate ester is selected from one of substituent containing phosphonium acid second dilute, basic substituent, alkoxy or substituted alkoxy materials. The additive material is selected from one of or mixture of acrylic ester, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether or cyclohexyl benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt in electrolyte solution is lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoro arsenate, lithium triflate, or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone or dimethyl sulfoxide. The solvent is dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or acetonitrile. The pore-forming agent is glycerin, low molecular weight polyethylene glycol, water, alcohol or low molecular weight polyethylene pyrrolidone. The gel factor is 1,3(R):2,4(S)-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol, 1,3-2,4-di-(p-methyl-benzylidene) sorbitol, or 3,4-dimethyldibenzylidene sorbitol. The solvent is propylene carbonate , ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, or diethyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoro Vinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride or polychlorotrifluoroethylene. The ligand is 2'-bipyridine or pentamethyldiethylenetriamine. A weight ratio of metal catalyst to ligand to fluoropolymer is l2-4 g: 50-200 mg: 200300mg, preferably 2-4 g: 50-200mg: 75mg-l.5g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high thermal-resistant polymer consists of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyether-ether-ketone, polyether imide, polyamideimide, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylenesulfide and polyethylenenaphthalete. The low thermal-resistant polymer consists of polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyvinylidene fluoride. The binder polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trichloroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polybutylacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, pullulan and carboxyl methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light absorbing agent comprises 1,4,5,8-tetrakis(p-tolylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione compound, polymethyl methacrylate resin containing compound, benzophenone group compound, benzotriazole group compound, salicylate group compound, cyanoacrylate group compound, oxanilide group compound, and hindered amine group compound. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran or 3-methoxypropionnitrile. The oxidation-reduction derivative is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt, iodine and pyridinium salts. The electrolyte further comprises an additive including t-butylpyridine and 2-dimethylaminopyridine, and a supporting electrolyte including imidazolium iodide and pyridinium iodide. The light absorbing agent is present in an amount of 0.05-5 pts. wt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of organoclay in the urethane acrylate resin composition is 1-10 wt.%. The amount of vinylidene fluoride is 60 mole%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester substrate film comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and mixture of polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene naphthalate. The organophilic clay-containing urethane acrylate resin has a structure of formula (I).R = -(CH2)x;x = 2, 4, 6 or 8; andn = 1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The rare earth chloride is mixture of yttrium chloride hexahydrate, ytterbium chloride hexahydrate, thulium chloride hexahydrate, terbium chloride hexahydrate and europium chloride hexahydrate in mass ratio of 100-110:35-40:1:35-40:100-110.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The ultraviolet absorber is chosen from 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-(dodecyl)-4-methyl phenol. The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile. The alkyl chloride is methylene dichloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The silsesquioxane is of formula (I). The light stabilizer is chosen from poly(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidine)succinate and bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine succinate.R=amide, vinyl, propenyl or butenyl.Preferred Film: The polymer film is polyethylene composite film, polytetrafluoroethylene composite film, an ethylene vinyl acetate film, ethylene propylene polymer film, ethylene butylene polymer film, and/or ethylene-octylene polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The surface-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles are obtained by surface-modifying titanium dioxide nanoparticles having particle size of 10-15 nm using benzyl alcohol, titania precursor and toluene. 100-500 pts. wt. Of total amount of hydrochloric acid and water are added with respect to 100 pts. wt. branched copolymer during dispersion. 5-15 wt.% Branched copolymer and 5-15 wt.% solvent are used during manufacture of sol solution. Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of titania precursor and benzyl alcohol is 1:50-100. The titania precursor is chosen from titanium-(n) butoxide, titanium-(n) ethoxide, titanium-(n) isopropoxide, titanium-(n) propoxide and titanium tetrachloride. The solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, n-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformaldehyde, dimethyl sulfoxide and alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The branched copolymer is obtained using hydrophilic monomer chosen from polyoxyethylene (meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether (meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, acrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, aminostyrene, styrene sulfonic acid, methylpropene sulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth)acrylate, sulfo ethyl (meth) acrylate and hydrolyzed sulfobutyl (meth) acrylate, and halogenation polymer chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylchloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polydichlorodifluoromethane, polyvinylidene dichloride and their copolymer. The weight ratio of branched copolymer and titanium dioxide nanoparticles is 1:1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The supporter of the nano web structure is a nylon, polyimide, polybenzoxazole, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, PTFE, polyarylene ether sulfone, polyether-ether-ketone and their copolymers. The supporter has an average diameter of 0.005-5 mu m, average pore size of 0.05-30 mu m and porosity of 50-98%. The copolymer of the sulfonated hydrocarbon polymer and polyimide polymer is a random copolymer or a block copolymer and has average molecular weight of 30000-300000 g/mol. The hydrocarbon sulfonated polymer includes sulfonated polyimide, sulfonated polyarylethersulfone, sulfonated polyetheretherketone, sulfonated polybenzimidazole, sulfonated polysulfone, sulfonated polystyrene and/or sulfonated polyphosphazene. The ion conductor solution has a concentration of 5~40 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic solution includes nitric acid solution (preferred), hydrochloric acid solution and sulfuric acid solution. The mixed solution is obtained by dissolving 0.9-1.0 mole% of yttrium oxide, 0.01-0.2 mole% of ytterbia and 0.01-0.2 mole% of bismuth oxide in 5-200 mole% of the acid solution at 5-120 degrees C. The amount of ammonium metavanadate is added to the mixed solution is 0.9-1.3 mole% at a room temperature for 10 minutes to 2 hours. The dispersing agent includes ethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide. The amount of dispersing agent added to the mixed solution is 1.1-5 times to the volume of the mixed solution. The precipitate is formed by adding ammonia solution of 6-13 pH to the mixed solution for 10-150 minutes. The precipitate is washed by ethanol mixture for 3-10 times and is dried at 20-200 degrees C for 10-60 minutes. The ethanol is mixed with the precipitate at weight ratio of 1:1. The product is plasticized by heating at 300-850 degrees C for 30 minutes to 4 hours and then again heating at 850-1400 degrees C for 1-8 hours. The nanofluorescent powder has a property of absorbing wavelength of 300-450 nm, 470-750 nm or 900-1050 nm of sunlight and has a diameter of 500-900 nm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crystal nucleation agent is amide compound, alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of carboxylic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid compound, alkaline-earth metal salt of di-calcium phoshate, tri basic lead carboxylic acid, triester, tetraoxaspiro compound, imido-carboxylic acid derivative, phthalocyanine pigment, quinacridone pigment or acidimide class compound, where the amide compound is N,N'-diphenylhexane diamide, the N,N'-dicyclohexyl terephthalamide, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxamide, N,N'-dicyclo hexane carbonyl-p-phenylene diamine, N,N'-dibenzoyl-1,5-diaminonaphthalene, N,N'-dibenzoyl-1,4-diamino cyclohexane, N,N'-dicyclo hexane carbonyl-1,4-diamino cyclohexane, N-cyclohexyl-4-(N- cyclohexanecarbonyl amino) benzamide or N-phenyl-5-(benzoylamino) pentanamide. The film comprises 0.001-1 pts. wt. of crystal nucleation agent and 100 pts. wt. of poly propylene resin, and has a porosity of 20-60%. The undrawn sheet has a degree of crystallinity of 60-90%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano metal is gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, aluminum, copper, tellurium, bismuth, lead, iron, cerium, molybdenum, niobium, tungsten, antimony, tin, vanadium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, zinc or titanium. The nano metal is introduced into the polymers shell under an acidic condition of the core-shell nano particle. The polymer shell comprises the monomer and the nano metal precursor at a mole ratio of 1:1-1:2. The gold nanoparticle is surface-modified and the diameter of the gold nanoparticle is 1-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The disulfide initiator is thiol or alkyl halides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymers shell is adapted to be synthesized with a surface initiation atom transfer radical polymerization process, where the polymer is polyvinyl pyridine, poly(methacrylic acid), poly(acrylic acid), poly(styrene-sulfonate), poly(4-vinyl benzoic acid), poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) or poly(2-methacryloyloxy-ethyl phosphorylcholine). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nanofibers have surface roughness of 0.001-0.5 mu m. The porous support is insoluble in organic solvents, has porosity of 50-90% and an average thickness of 5-50 mu m. The porous support comprises polyimides, and forming material with fine irregularities in the nanofibers. The polymer precursor comprises polyamic acid, polyarylethersulfone, polyether ether ketone, polybenzimidazole, polysulfone, polystyrene and/or polyphosphazene. The nanofibers comprise 3.5-20 wt.% polymer precursor, and 0.01-3 wt.% forming material, based on total weight of the composition for forming nanofibers. The forming material is degraded at 350-500 degrees C. The forming material comprises polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylchloride, triazine trichloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and/or ammonium oxalate. Preferred Method: The electrospinning is performed by applying an electric field of 850-3500 V/cm. EXAMPLE - Spinning solution (prepared by mixing 1 wt.% polyvinyl acetate, 13 wt.% polyamic acid and dimethylformamide) was supplied though a nozzle at 1kV to obtain precursor web. The obtained precursor web was heat treated at 420 degrees C to obtain nanofibers that were treated with vinyl acetate resin to obtain porous support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The preparation of (I) comprises reacting 3,4-dibromothiophene with copper cyanide in presence of hydrochloric acid to obtain 3,4-dicyanothiophene, reacting 3,4-dicyanothiophene with ethylene glycol in presence of potassium hydroxide to obtain thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid, then refluxing with acetic anhydride for overnight to obtain thieno(3,4-c)furan-1,3-dione, reacting thieno(3,4-c)furan-1,3-dione with substituted perfluorophenylamine compounds of formula (R-NH2) in toluene under reflux condition to obtain 4-carbamoylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid compounds of formula (IV), refluxing (IV) in presence of thionyl chloride for 6 hours to obtain N-(perfluorophenyl)thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione compounds of formula (V) and then carrying out substitution reaction. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds (I) are disclosed, which are N-(perfluorophenyl)thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione (Ia), 1,3-dibromo-N-(perfluorophenyl)thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione, 3-formyl-N-(perfluorophenyl)thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione and 3-bromo-1-formyl-N-(perfluorophenyl)thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione.    EXAMPLE - 0.69 g Thieno(3,4-c)furan-1,3-dione and 0.87 g pentafluoroaniline were dissolved in 100 ml toluene and reacted under reflux condition for 24 hours, cooled, filtered, and worked up to obtain 4-(perfluorophenylcarbamoyl)thiophene-3-carboxylic acid, then 30 ml thionyl chloride was added and refluxed for 6 hours. The solvent was removed and the reaction mixture was cooled, and purified to obtain 1.62 g N-(perfluorophenyl)thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The charge density and viscosity of dispersed solution are controlled by adding the thickening agent and anionoid reagent in the dispersed solution. The amount of carbon fiber is 0.02-0.5 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The carbon fiber has length of 3-8 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is chosen from carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol and hydroxyethyl cellulose. The anionoid reagent is chosen from polyacrylic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, deoxyribonucleic acid, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, poly(p-(2,5-bis(3-propoxy sulfonic acid sodium salt))phenylene)ethylene and its derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thermosetting resin is chosen from phenol resin, polyurethane resin, melamine resin and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The conductive substrate is fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The concentration of solution of Triton X-100 (RTM: polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether) is 5-50 volume%. The solution of Triton X-100 (RTM: polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether) is solution of Triton X-100 (RTM: polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether) and isopropanol, solution of Triton X-100 (RTM: polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether) and acetylacetone, or solution of Triton X-100 (RTM: polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether), isopropanol and acetylacetone, in which the volume ratio of isopropanol and acetylacetone is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The substrate is stainless steel substrate, polyimide substrate, polyethylene terephthalate substrate or glass substrate. The zinc oxide film is a nondoped zinc oxide film or doped zinc oxide film. The dopant is boron, aluminum or gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of zinc oxide film is 10-500 Angstrom .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is isopropanol, isooctanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and/or petroleum ether. The concentration of zinc acetylacetonate solution is 1-10 mg/mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron hole transport layer is made of a conductive polymer film or a metal oxide film, a nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, and copper phthalocyanine. The electric buffer layer is made of zinc oxide, titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, eight-hydroxy-quinoline aluminum and cesium carbonate. The surface active material comprises metal, sodium stearate, 12-thiol, 18-thiol polyvinyl pyrrolidone, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent substrate is made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum and nickel. The nano-metal comprises silver, gold, copper, platinum, palladium, iron, cobalt, nickel, metal ball and rod.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, poly-methyl methacrylate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate and polyurethane soft plastic substrate. The core-shell structure nano grain is coated with a layer of inert isolation layer that is formed of polyvinyl-pyrrolidone-polystyrene block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The modified fluorine containing resin material comprises 70, preferably 69 mass% of fluorine containing resin, 2, preferably 5 mass% of plasticizer, 1 mass% of stabilizing agent, 2, preferably 4 mass% of coupling agent, 3, preferably 1 mass% of antioxidant and 22, preferably 20 mass% of filling agent. The fluorine-containing resin is polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, or polyvinyl fluoride. The antioxidant is 2 6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionate ester or tris-(nonylphenyl)phosphite ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is nickel carbonate, cobalt carbonate, and/or basic copper carbonate. The carbon source is paraffin or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte is lithium salt comprising lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, or trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid imine lithium. The organic solvent in the lithium oxalate borate comprises ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or gamma -hydroxybutyric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The initiator is present at 0.5-2 wt.%. The monomer is present at 5-20 wt.%. The initiator comprises benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, tertbutyl hydroperoxide, di-tertbutyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, tertbutyl peroxybenzoate, peroxide t-pentanoic acid tertbutyl ester, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, azobisisobutyronitrile, or monomers in the azobisisobutyronitrile, tertiary amine, naphthenate, mercaptan as 2-10 C mono-olefins or olefin or 2-10C of polyene or alkyl benzene. The halogen element includes 2-10C mono-olefins or olefin, or monomer in the ethylene oxide which can be dissolved in the electrolyte. The membrane is polyethylene membrane, polypropylene membrane, polyethylene/polypropylene/polyethylene multi-layer structure membrane, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, or cellulose composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide photo-anode has thickness of 14-20 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The titanium dioxide microspheres are prepared by mixing 10-30% dilute hydrochloric acid solution, glacial acetic acid and absolute ethyl alcohol in volume ratio of 1:4:50-1:2.4:30 to obtain solution (A), stirring the solution (A), adding polyethylene glycol and urea, stirring for 10-50 minutes, then transferring to high-pressure reaction container, reacting for 10-15 hours, centrifuging and separating obtained product. The slurry is prepared by adding titanium dioxide microspheres to absolute ethyl alcohol in ratio of 0.5-1.5 g:3-10 ml, ultrasonically-shaking, adding ethyl cellulose and terpilenol, ultrasonically-shaking, and evaporating absolute ethyl alcohol. The nanocrystalline titanium dioxide particles are prepared from isopropyl titanate and glacial acetic acid as precursor. Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide microspheres and nanocrystalline titanium dioxide particles have thickness of 4 mu m and 12 mu m, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethyl cellulose is mixture of ethyl cellulose (B) and ethyl cellulose (C) in weight ratio of 0.5-2. The polyethylene glycol having concentration of 0.6-1.5 mmol/L is polyethylene glycol 20000. The weight ratio of polyethylene glycol and urea is 0.5-1.5. Preferred Properties: The ethyl cellulose (B) has concentration of 5-15% and viscosity of 5-15 mPa.second. The ethyl cellulose (C) has concentration of 5-15%, and viscosity of 30-50 mPa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic carbonate-based solvent is chosen from fluoroethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and polypropylene carbonate. The chain carbonate-based solvent is chosen from diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and dibutyl carbonate. The acetate-based solvent is chosen from butyl acetate, ethyl acetate and propyl acetate. The ionic liquid contains cation chosen from pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, pyrazolium, pyridinium, pyrazinium, pyrimidinium, phosphonium and ammonium, and anion chosen from hexafluorophosphate, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide and trifluoromethanesulfonate. The reduction additive is chosen from vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, methylene ethylene carbonate and methylene methylethylene carbonate. The oxidation additive is chosen from butyl amine, N,N-dicyclohexyl-carbonyl diamine, N,N-dimethylamino trimethylsilane, propane sultone, butane sultone and succinonitrile. The lithium salt stabilizer is chosen from tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidine, carbamate, hexamethyl-phosphoramide and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate. The electrolyte further contains 0.5-3 wt.% additive chosen from overcharge protection agent and conduction enhancer with respect to 100 wt.% electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode layer comprises aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, nanowires, graphene, carbon nanotubes and/or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate). The inorganic photoactive layer is amorphous silicon layer which is formed by laminating p-type amorphous silicon layer, i-type amorphous silicon layer and n-type amorphous silicon layer, with thickness ratio of 1:10-24:2-3. The rear eletrode layer comprises aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, palladium, graphene, carbon nanotubes and/or nanosilver wires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic photoactive layer comprises poly(4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(alkylthieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate)-2,6-diyl, poly(4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxybenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl))(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonylthieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b,3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) and/or methyl-(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass or plastic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The boron hydride is alkali metal borohydride, preferably lithium borohydride or sodium borohydride. The borohydride is nanoscale powder particle, and the graphite fluoride is in the form of a sheet of micro-scale solid powder, where the nanometer boron powder particles are uniformly distributed on the graphite fluoride solid powder surface. The particle size of the boron hydride is 90 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polymer material is added with inorganic filler chosen from silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, montmorillonite, molecular sieve, and a(lithia)-b(alumina)-c(titania)-d(phosphorus pentoxide), where a to d are 1-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid electrolyte comprises organic compound or ionic liquid with lithium salt solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material is polyether, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyamide, polyimide, polyamide, polyester, and/or their homopolymer or copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Material: The glass fiber felt comprises silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, boron oxide, magnesium oxide, and/or sodium hydroxide. The felt is chopped strand mat, continuous strand mat, surface felt, and/or seam felt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-silver alloy powder comprises titanium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, iron, or tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises resin, thickening agent, plasticizer, solvent and additive. The thickening agent is the methyl cellulose or ethyl cellulose and derivative, the plasticizer is phthalic butyl benzyl ester or phosphoric acid diphenyl dioctyl ester or dioctyl phthalate, the solvent is terpineol, carbitol, tirbutyl citrate, tributyl phosphate, lecithin, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, butyl carbitol acetate, cyclohexanone,or acetone, the solvent content is 40-80% in the organic carrier, the additive comprises hydrogenated castor oil and de-foaming agent, a de-foaming agent is polyethylene glycol or polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether or glycerin fatty acid ester. The metal salt is sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, hydrochloride and organic salt, the dispersant is PVP or straight chain fatty acid or non-ionic surface active agent, the reducing agent is salicylsulfonic acid or its derivative, a hydroxy benzene sulfonic acid and its derivative, vitamin C, phenol, resorcino, a phenol, formaldehyde and hydrazine hydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is acrylic resin, modified vinyl chloride vinyl acetate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and its derivative, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyurethane, or polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The modified PA6 film layer has thickness of 20-30 mu m. The modified PE film layer is an oxygen barrier UV-resistance hydrolysis-resistance polyethylene film with thickness of 27-35 mu m. The thickness of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer is 8-12 mu m. The thickness of the PET substrate is 240-260 mu m. The first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer are polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises (i) reacting benzothiophene with liquid bromine to obtain 2,8-dibromo-dibenzothiophene (XV), (ii) dissolving (XV) in purified anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, adding n-butyllithium at low temperature, and reacting for 2 hours, then adding trimethyl borate, and heating to room temperature to obtain white crystals of dibenzothiophene-2,8-diboronic acid (XVI), (iii) placing (XVI) in a flask, adding excessive hydrogen peroxide, reacting for 5 hours at 50 degrees C, and purifying to obtain white solid product of 2,8-dihydroxydibenzothiophene (XVII), (iv) carrying out alkylation reaction of (XVII) with excess of dibromoalkane under inert atmosphere to obtain white solid product of 2,8-di(bromoalkoxy)dibenzothiophene (XVIII), (v) dissolving (XVIII) in glacial acetic acid, adding hydrogen peroxide and oxidizing to obtain white solid of 2,8-di(bromoalkoxy)-S,S-dioxodibenzothiophene (XIX), (vi) dissolving (XIX) in glacial acetic acid-chloroform mixed solvent, dropping liquid bromine slowly and brominating to obtain white solid of 3,7-dibromo-2,8-di(bromoalkoxy)-S,S-dioxodibenzothiophene (XX), (vii) reacting (XX) with polar group to obtain final product, where bromoalkoxy side chain end reacts with polar group to produce final product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorine-contained acrylic ester oligomer is fluorine-containing epoxy methyl acrylic ester, fluorine-containing polyurethane methyl acrylic ester, fluorine-containing amino-group methacrylate, fluorine-containing polyester methyl acrylic ester or fluorine-containing acrylic ester. The reactive fluorine-containing acrylate monomer is trifluoroethyl methacrylate, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate, ethyl hexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl isobornyl acrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexamethylene glycol diacrylate, phthalic acid diethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxide trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate and/or dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate. The photo-initiator is benzoin ether type photoinitiator, benzil dimethyl ketal type photo-initiator, acetophenone type initiator, bi-benzene ketone type photoinitiator or benzoate. The pigment comprises inorganic pigment, organic pigment or aluminum silver powder. The filler is talcum powder, extinction, antiscraping wax powder, precipitated barium sulfate or bentonite. The auxiliary agent is flatting agent, defoaming agent, adhesion promoter, sensitizing agent or wetting dispersing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking agent is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 1,1-(bis-tert-butyl peroxide) 3,3,5-dimethyl cyclohexane or tert-butyl-ethylhexyl carbonate. The cross-linking accelerator is triene propylisocyanurate. The tackifier is gamma -glycidoxypropyl dimethoxy compound. The antioxidant is bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite ester or orthophosphorous acid tri(nonyl benzene and nonyl benzene mixed ester). The UV light stabilizer is bis (1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl) sebacate or polybutylene succinate (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetracarboxylic-1-piperidine ethanol) ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone or butanone. The UV resistant agent 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole or 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyurethane prepolymer comprises 60-95 pts. wt. polyester diol, 5-30 pts. wt. fluorine-containing polyether diol and 5-12 pts. wt. diisocyanate compound. The curing agent is hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate or diphenylmethane diisocyanate trimer. The polyester diol is butanediol polycondensate of phthalic acid and ethylene glycol, or butanediol polycondensate of adipic acid and ethylene glycol. The diisocyanate compound is toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate. The adhesive comprises 100 pts. wt. polyurethane prepolymer, 105 pts. wt. ethyl acetate, 8 pts. wt. diphenylmethane diisocyanate trimer and 0.3 pts. wt. 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The extruded rubber insulation layer comprises 8 pts. wt. Keltan 5508 (RTM: ethylene propylene diene monomer), 12 pts. wt. Dutral TER 4044 (RTM: ethylene-propylene-diene polymer), 5-7 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. ethylene propylene rubber, 0.5-0.7 pt. wt., preferably 0.7 pt. wt. dicumyl peroxide-based vulcanizing agent, 0.3-0.5 pt. wt., preferably 0.5 pt. wt. triallyl cyanurate as co-curing agent, 0.2-0.4 pt. wt., preferably 0.4 pt. wt. N,N'-m-phenylene bismaleimide as scorch retarder, 0.2-0.4 pts. wt., preferably 0.4 pt. wt. 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer as antioxidant, 0.2-0.4 pt. wt., preferably 0.43 pt. wt. 2-thiol benzimidazole as antioxidant, 0.2-0.4 pt. wt., preferably 0.4 pt. wt. gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane as silane coupling agent, 2.1-2.5 pts. wt., preferably 2.5 pts. wt. hydrated zinc borate as flame retardant, 1-1.5 pts. wt., preferably 1.5 pt. wt. antimony trioxide as flame retardant, 25-40 pts. wt., preferably 40 pts. wt. aluminum hydroxide as flame-reretardant filler, 0.8-1.2 pt. wt., preferably 1.2 pt. wt. lead tetraoxide as activator, 0.5-1 pt. wt., preferably 1 pt. wt. stearic acid as activator, 1.5-2 pts. wt., preferably 2 pts. wt. zinc oxide as activator, 2-5 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. Sunpar 2280 (RTM: paraffin oil) as plasticizer, 0.5-1 pt. wt., preferably 1 pt. wt. chlorinated paraffin-52 as plasticizer, and 1-3 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. hydrated silica reinforcing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper source is copper chloride or copper nitrate. The indium source is indium chloride. The selenium source is selenium powder. Preferred Property: The copper-indium-selenide/conducting polymer hybridized nanocrystal has size of 1-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high-boiling-point organic solvent is 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and/or 1-octadecene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer comprises poly-3-hexylthiophene, polypyrrole and/or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrite is sodium nitrite. The acid is organic acid or inorganic acid. The inorganic acid is chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid and acetic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid. The particle diameter (D50) of the nano-silicon dioxide particles is 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of p-phenylene diamine and sodium nitrite is 1:(1.5-3). The molar ratio of p-phenylene diamine and hydrochloric acid is 1:(2.7-5.4). The molar ratio of nano-silicon dioxide particles and p-phenylenediamine is 1:(0.75-1.5). The oil phase comprises cyclohexane and Tween 80 (RTM: nonionic surfactant) in a volume ratio of 9:1. The aqueous phase comprises deionized water and ethanol in a volume ratio of 1:1. The volume ratio of aqueous phase and oil phase is 40:100. The content of silicon-containing precursor is 18-28 g/L. The mass ratio of aniline monomer and silicon-containing precursor is (1.25-2.5):1. The initiator includes ammonium persulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The molar ratio of ammonium persulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and aniline monomer is (0.1-0.4):(0.01-0.04):(0.01-0.04):1. Preferred Properties: The silicon-based composite material has conductivity of 1-6.5 S/cm, preferably 1.98-4.63 S/cm and hardness of 1.4-3.5 GPa, preferably 2.6-3.5 GPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of nano-silicon dioxide particles and polyaniline is (45-85):(15-55).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorocarbon resin comprises 1-3 pts. wt. of curing agent, 3-18 pts. wt. of flame retardant, 0.1-3 pts. wt. of dispersant, 1-4 pts. wt. of low-shrinkage additive, and 10-50 pts. wt. of inorganic filler. The glass fiber is alkali-free glass fiber, and has a diameter of 1-30 mu m. The fluorocarbon resin is a fluoro-olefin and vinyl ether or alkyl vinyl ester copolymer. The fluorine content of the copolymer is 20-50%. The glass steel material is added with 10-30% of inorganic pigment. The silane coupling agent is vinyl chlorosilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, vinyl tri(isopropoxy)silane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, or beta -(3 4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane. The inorganic filler is titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, or aluminum hydroxide according to a ratio o of 25: 3: 18:0.2. The rare earth oxide is lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, neodymium oxide or praseodymium oxide according to mass ratio of 15: 3: 3:0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of thiophene-benzene-thiophene conjugated polymer material comprises reacting compound thiophene derivative of formula (IV) with lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran and acetone, in liquid nitrogen environment, continuously adding trimethyltin chloride to tin-containing thiophene derivative of formula (V); reacting compound (V), in the presence of inert gas and palladium catalyst, with polythiophene compound of formula (VI), adding into methanol, precipitating, filtering precipitate, washing precipitate with methanol, n-hexane and chloroform, collecting chloroform, depositing, and filtering. Preferred Compounds: The polymer material (I) is of formulae (II)-(III). Preferred Method: Reaction of compound (V) and (VI) is carried out by using toluene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or chloroform solvent, taking compound of formula (V) to a compound of formula (VI) at mol ratio of 1:1, and reacting for 5 minutes-72 hours. Compound (IV) is prepared by reacting benzene containing compound of formula (VII) with cerium ammonium nitrate; reacting with n-butyllithium, and adding thiophene compound of formula (VIII) and stannous chloride dihydrate in hydrochloric acid solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves processing using metal-containing solution. Preferred Components: The metal-containing solution comprises gallium, niobium, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, nickel, copper, aluminum, silicon, chromium, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, hafnium, tungsten, tantalum and/or tin. The nanoparticles aggregate comprises organic compound nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles. The inorganic nanoparticles are silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide and/or zinc oxide. Preferred Property: The porous carbon structure has size of 1 nm to 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic nanoparticles are chosen from 17 compounds e.g. polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyphenylmethacrylate, polyacrylate and poly- alpha -methylstyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode comprises semiconductor layer containing metal oxide chosen from oxide of titanium, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, yttrium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium, gadolinium and indium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gel-type electrolyte comprises organic oligosiloxane and organic solvent. The organosilane is chosen from organoalkoxysilane and organosilane diol. The organoalkoxysilane is chosen from 30 compounds e.g. 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxy propyl triethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane. The condensation reaction is performed in presence of metallic catalyst and organic solvent. The organic solvent is 3-methoxypropionitrile, acetonitrile, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of lithium transition-metal oxide and lithium-cobalt oxide is 20-30:80-70. Anion of lithium salt is chosen from 27 anions e.g. fluorine ion, chlorine ion, bromine ion, iodine ion and thiocyanate ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethyl thioether, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, vinylene carbonate, thiofuran, propylene sulfite and tetrahydrofuran. The content of multinitrile compound is 0.1-10 wt.% of the nonaqueous electrolyte. The multinitrile compound is chosen from 1,2,3-tris(2-cyanoethoxy)propane, 1,1,1-tris(cyanoethoxy methyl)ethane, 1,3-bis(2-cyanoethoxy)-2,2-bis(2-cyanoethoxy methyl)propane and 3,3-((2-((2-cyanoethoxy)methyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediyl)bis(oxy))bis(propanenitrile). The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains 1-10 wt.% compound of formula (II) having vinylene group or vinyl group, and 1-10 wt.% halogen-substituted cyclic carbonate of formula (III). The compound having vinylene group or vinyl group is chosen from vinyl group-containing ethylene carbonate-type compound, vinyl group-containing acrylate compound, vinyl group-containing vinylene carbonate-type compound and vinyl group-containing sulfonate-type compound.R7,R8=H, halo, 1-6C alkyl optionally substituted by halo, 6-12C aryl, 2-6C alkenyl or sulfonate, where at least one of R7 and R8 is vinyl;andX,Y'=H, chloro or fluoro, where X and Y' are not simultaneously H..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric aid or perchloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out at 0-30 degrees C for 6-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyolefin resin is polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The ethylene-vinyl acetate (VA) of vinyl acetate copolymer is present in an amount of 8-33 wt.%. The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide, 2 5-dimethyl-2 5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane or alpha -bis(tert-butylperoxy)-1,4-diisopropylbenzene. The crosslinking auxiliary agent is dialkene containing a terminal carbon-carbon double bond of olefin or olefin compound. The UV absorbent is hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole UV absorbent or hydroxide radical benzophenone UV absorbent. The antistatic agent is ethyoxyl glycerin fatty acid ester, phosphate ester or amine derivative. The lubricant comprises a 40-70 wt.% of external lubricant and 30-60 wt.% of internal lubricant. Preferred Method: The mixing step is carried out at the temperature of 110-220 degrees C for 10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) is perfluoro (ethyl vinyl ether), perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) or perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether). The transparent conductive oxide layer comprises indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, carbon nano-tube or graphene and its derivatives. The transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer is deposited on an upper part of the film. Preferred Method: The coating composition is obtained by mixing 30-65 pts. wt. of copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) and 0.1-5 wt.% of amorphous silica particles or mixture of amorphous silica particles and colloidal silicon dioxide, adding 2-15 wt.% of non-ionic surfactant, 0-10 wt.% of other additives and water, and mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode material comprises natural graphite, modified graphite, artificial graphite, intermediate phase carbon micro-sphere, carbon nano tube, carbon fiber, hard carbon, soft carbon, silica-based material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carboxyl group containing polymer is polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl chitin or carboxymethyl chitosan. The adhesive comprises 2-10% of a cathode material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The printing ink layer is formed of strong alkali resistant printing ink, is reverse printing agent, is composed of 55-60 parts binders, 11-19 parts pigment, 15-20 parts filling agent, 1-3 parts anti-skinning agent, 4-8 parts anti-reversion agent, 3-5 parts slipping agent and 11-16 parts diluent and is prepared by stirring and grinding. The protective layer is present as transparent varnish on outer surface of printing ink layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber adhesive layer comprises rubber type pressure sensitive adhesive as main component. The rubber type pressure-sensitive adhesive comprises 20-30 parts natural rubber, 80-100 parts synthetic rubber, 150-300 parts tackifying resin, 2-15 parts softening agent, 0-30 parts curing agent, 0.5-3 parts anti-aging agent, and solvent to dissolve added at concentration of 20-60%. The rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive after drying forms adhesive rubber. Preferred Components: The base layer has thickness of 0.036-0.065 mm. The undercoating layer is formed from copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The deionized water has electroconductivity of less than 2 mu s/cm. The mixed acid solution has density of 1.345-1.355 g/ml at 25 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The precipitated silica contains precipitated silica having specific surface area of 200 m2/g and precipitated silica having specific surface area of 380 m2/g in weight ratio of 2-3:1. The content of boric acid, content of cobalt sulfate and content of stannous sulfate in the mixed acid solution is 0.8-0.4 wt.%, 0.07-0.25 wt.% and 0.01-0.03 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diluting agent is chosen from diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, terpineol, tributyl citrate, alcohol ester, castor oil and cetyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is aliphatic dibasic acid ester including dioctyladipate, pentaerythritol, 1,2,3-trichloropropane and/or TOP. The ultraviolet absorbent is biphenol A salicylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The electrical insulation layer, flame-retarding insulation layer and sheath have thickness of 0.12-3 mm, 0.25-7 mm and 0.5-10 mm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble metal salts are sulfate, chloride and/or nitrate salts. The mixed salt solution contains 0.90-1.50 mol/l nickel sulfate, 0.30-0.90 mol/l cobalt sulfate and 0.10-0.60 mol/l aluminum sulfate. The concentration of the complexing agent is 6.0-12.0 mol/L. The precipitating agent is precipitating agent is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide, used in the concentration of 3.0-7.5 mol/L. The antioxidant is hydrazine hydrate, and is used in the range of 12-30%. The volume ratio of antioxidant and metal mixed salt solution is 1:15-30. The pH of the reaction solution is controlled to 9.5-12.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salts includes lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, and lithium compounds (LiSO3CF3, LiN (SO2CF3)2, LiB (C2O4)2 and LiPF3 (C2F5)3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous solvent comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, 1,2-ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, trifluoromethyl, ethylene carbonate, di-n-propyl di-isopropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, isopropyl acetate, methyl propyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, 4-methyl-1, 3-butyrolactone, gamma -butyrolactone, methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, vinylidene carbonate, propane sultone and ethylene sulfite. The additive includes vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethylene acid propiolactone, butyrolactone acid, sulfuric acid, ethylene, ethylene sulfite, sulfite, butylene biphenyl and succinonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of lithium transition metal oxide and lithium cobalt oxide in mixture containing lithium transition metal oxide (LixMyO2) and lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) is 20-30:80-70.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is polypropylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfur oxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, vinylenecarbonate, sulfuran, propylene sulfite and tetrahydrofuran. The amount of dinitrile compound (I) is 0.1-10 wt.% with respect to the amount of nonaqueous liquid electrolyte. The lithium secondary battery further comprises compound containing vinylene group or vinyl group as additive. The amount of compound containing vinylene group or vinyl group is 1-10 wt.% with respect to nonaqueous liquid electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flexible Hybrid battery is formed of inorganic material selected among silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, indium oxide and tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flexible Hybrid battery is formed of organic material selected among xylene system resin, diazo resin, azide group resin, acrylic resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, epoxide class resin, polyether group resin, urethane resin, polystyrene based resin, urea resin and isocyanate system resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible Hybrid battery is formed of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, PVC, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, poly propylene, polystyrene, poly methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyamide or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoinitiator comprises benzoin ether, benzophenone, benzoamine, acetophenone, benzophenone, diazonium Lewis acid, sulfonium Lewis acid, iodonuim Lewis acid, 2,4-diethyl thioxanthone, trimethylbenzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide, camphorquinone, alpha -naphthol and benzyl type photoinitiator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin comprises polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyesterimide, polyurethaneimide, polyurethane-amide-imide, polyetherimide, phenoxy, polysulfone, polycarbonate, phenol, polyester and acrylic copolymer. The aerogel has particle diameter of 1-1000 nm. EXAMPLE - 25 wt.% Aerogel, 60 wt.% epoxy resin, 2 wt.% iodonuim Lewis acid and 100 wt.% dispersant and thickener were mixed and cured by ultraviolet to obtain the sealing composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The other auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant, preservative and/or coloring agent. The antioxidant is 4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol (preferred), 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine. The preservative is sodium pentachlorophenate (preferred) or formaldehyde. The coloring agent is carbon black or titanium white powder. The filler is calcium carbonate or talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The butyl rubber is saturated polyisobutylene rubber, polyisoprene rubber and/or halogenated butyl rubber. The vulcanizing agent is sulfur, when the butyl rubber is saturated polyisobutylene rubber or polyisoprene rubber. The vulcanizing agent is magnesium oxide when the butyl rubber is halogenated butyl rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compatilizer is graft copolymer of ABS and maleic anhydride. The ABS resin includes 30-60 wt.% acrylonitrile, 20-50 wt.% butadiene content and 20-50 wt.% styrene, and is an emulsion polymerization and bulk polymerization resin. The PC resin is bisphenol A type polycarbonate resin having a molecular weight of 10000-30000. The molecular weight of the EVA copolymer is 1000-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Glass adhesive is mixture of bismuth oxide (Bi203), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al203), siicon oxide (SiO2), and titanium oxide (TiO2). Preferred Processes: Silver paste is specifically prepared by evenly mixing 45-54% Bi2O3, 6.5-9.5% ZnO, 15-20% Al2O3, 6-9% SiO2, and 7.5-12.0% TiO2, heating at 1000 degrees C, incubating for 1 hour, adding water, milling for 2 hours, discharging and drying, adding water and petroleum ether, and stirring.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is butanone or petroleum ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent electrode layer is made of aluminum-zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, graphene, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes. The intermediate layer is made of aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, palladium, graphene, carbon nanotubes and nanowires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic photoactive layer comprises: poly(4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(alkyl thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate)-2,6-diyl); poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)); poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)); and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent electrode layer is made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrenesulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: either reacting 5-norbornene-2-alkyl alcohol and acid containing fullerene in the presence of organic solvent to produce norbornene monomers (M1) containing fullerene groups as moiety, and performing vinyl addition polymerization of (M1) under palladium catalyst to produce polynorbornene polymer; or reacting 5-norbornene-2-alkyl alcohol and acid containing fullerene in the presence of organic solvent to produce (M1) containing fullerene groups as moiety, reacting 5-norbornene-2-alkyl alcohol and alkyl alkanone acid in the presence of organic solvent to produce norbornene monomers (M2) containing fullerene groups as moiety and performing vinyl addition polymerization of (M1) and (M2) under palladium catalyst to produce polynorbornene polymer. Preferred Method: The method further comprises introducing (M1) and (M2) to catalyst activation solution and then adding 1-olefin to the solution and then reacting. Preferred Components: The 1- olefin is added in an amount of 0.01-20 mole% about the norbornene monomer. The mixed mole ratio of (M1) and (M2) is 1:0-0.1:0.9. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dielectric layer contains organometallic compound having functional group chosen from hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, amide or thio, and aliphatic compound. The organometallic compound contains metal chosen from aluminum, zirconium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum, indium, tin, zinc or silicon. The aliphatic compound is chosen from pentaerythritol triacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol monoacrylate, ethylene glycol monoacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, glycidoxy methacrylate, propylene glycol monoacrylate, trimethoxysilylethyl epoxycyclohexane, glycidoxy propyl trimethoxysilane, bis-hydroxyethylamino propyl triethoxysilane and (meth)acrylic acid. The inorganic material layer contains oxide or nitride of metal chosen from aluminum, zirconium, titanium, hafnium, tantalum, indium, tin, zinc and silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid polymer electrolyte composition is obtained by applying heat or light to a solid polymer electrolyte of the semi-interpenetrating polymer network. The lithium salt includes lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V), and lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing initiator is a photosetting initiator and a thermosetting initiator. The photosetting initiator consists of benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, alpha -methyl benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin phenyl ethers, alpha -acyloxime ester, alpha -diethoxyacetophenone, 1,1-dichloro acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, anthraquinone, 2-ethyl anthraquinone, 2-chloro anthraquinone, thioxanthone, isopropyl thioxanthone, chloro thioxanthone, benzophenone, p-chloro-benzophenone, benzyl benzoate, benzoyl benzoate, and Michler's ketone. The thermosetting initiator consists of benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, di-tert-amyl peroxide, alpha -cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, alpha -cumyl peroxyneopeptanoate, t-amyl peroxyneodecanoate, di-(2-ethylhexyl)peroxydicarbonate, t-amyl peroxypivalate, t-butyl peroxypivalate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane, dibenzoyl peroxide, t-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 1,1-di-(tert-amylperoxy)cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane, 1,1-di(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxy benzoate, t-amyl peroxybenzoate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate/maleate, ethyl-3,3-di(t-butylperoxy) butyrate, dicumyl peroxide, 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methyl propionic amidine) dihydrochloride and 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The toughening agent is chlorinated polyethylene. The lubricant is ethylene bis stearamide, or a mixture of ethylene bis stearamide and liquid paraffin. The antioxidant is tetra pentaerythritol ester or stearyl propionate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Friction sheet contains 15-20 wt.% modified resin, 10-15 wt.% nitrile rubber, 2-6 wt.% foaming agent, 8-15 wt.% friction performance modifier, 30-38 wt.% barite powder, 8-12 wt.% graphite, and 2-6 wt.% aramid pulp phellodendron. Modified resin contains phenolic resin or modified phenolic resin. Modified phenolic resin comprises epoxy modified phenolic resin, organic silicon modified phenolic resin, cashew hull oil-modified phenol formaldehyde resin, or polyimide modified phenolic resin. Foaming agent is Foaming agent AC (RTM: Azobisformamide). Friction performance modifier is HB308, HB309, HB311, PDM (N,N-m-phenylene bismaleimide) agent, selenium, tellurium, organic bentonite, kaolin, or attapulgite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of conjugated polymer and inorganic quantum dots is 1:1-1:19, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tertiary heterocyclic amine has a structure of formula (I). The acrylic copolymer has a glass transition temperature of -50 to 0 degrees C, comprises (in pts. wt.): polymerizable monomer (0.1-30); and tertiary heterocyclic amine (0.01-10), and has weight-average molecular weight of 20-150. The adhesive composition additionally contains a cross-linking agent.R = 1-13C alkyl. EXAMPLE - The ethyl acetate (100 pts. wt.) was mixed with a monomer mixture. The mixture was injected into a reactor in which the nitrogen gas was fed back. The temperature control process was facilitated using a cooling apparatus after injecting the solvent. The nitrogen gas was maintained at 72 degrees C for 1 hour after doing the purging to remove oxygen. The azobis isobutyronitrile (0.05 pts. wt.) was uniformly injected after doing the mixing by a reactive initiator, and reacted for 8 hours to obtain acrylic copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layer: The organic solar cell further has an intermediate layer containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythoiphene):poly(styrene sulfonate) and metal oxide provided between electrode (e1) and photoactive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron receptor is fullerene or its derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of thienobenzothiophene-containing repeating unit (I) and thienothiophene-containing repeating unit (II) in electron donor-containing polymer is 0.5:1-2.5:1. Preferred Properties: The electron donor-containing polymer has number average molecular weight of 1000-800000 and band gap of 1.3-1.75 eV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The indium tin oxide conductive glass has thickness of 50-100 nm. The titania electronic transmission layer has thickness of 25-50 nm. The poly((4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno-(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl):(6,6)-phenyl 71C-butyric acid methyl ester:nanoparticles active layer has thickness of 200-300 nm. The molybdenum oxide hole transmission layer has thickness of 3-5 nm. The silver anode has thickness of 80-120 nm. The lithium fluoride electronic transmission layer has thickness of 1-3 nm. The aluminum cathode has thickness of 70-110 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, aluminum silicate or alum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves using non-polar solvent, low-polar solvent and aluminum salt. Preferred Components: The pigment particles are carbon black, copper chrome black, copper-iron manganese black, iron black, titanium dioxide, zinc white, barium sulfate, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, French blue, chromium yellow, cadmium red, violet, chrome green, iron blue and/or cobalt blue. The coupling agent is 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma -(2,3-epoxy propoxy)propyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -(methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, gamma -mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, N- beta -(aminoethyl)-c-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl benzyl aminoethyl aminopropyl trimethoxy silane and/or isopropyl titanate trioleyl. The non-polar solvent is tetrachloroethylene, or dichloroethane. The low-polarity solvent is toluene, benzene, dimethylbenzene or chloroform. The monomer is methyl acrylic ester, styrene, lauryl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, divinyl benzene, 18C alkyl methacrylate, ethyl hexyl acrylate and/or dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate. The initiator is azobis-iso-butyronitrile, azo-bis-isoheptonitrile, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy benzoate or cyclohexanone peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is t-butylperoxy ethylhexyl carbonate, dicumyl peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,5-dibenzoyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl hexane, or t-butylperoxy-isopropyl carbonate. The antioxidant is 2,6-tri-butyl-4-methyl phenol, bis(3,5-tri-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfide, or tetrakis ( beta -(3,5-tri-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)propionate). The ultravoilet absorber is 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxy benzophenone, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-5-chloride, benzotriazole or resorcinol single benzoate ester. The light stabilizer is hindered amine light stabilizer, sebacic acid, bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine ester, N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-1,6-hexanediamine, 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazine and/or polymer mixture. The tackifier is vinyl-tris( beta -methoxyethoxy)silane, vinyl triethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane, or vinyl-tris( beta -methoxyethoxy)silane. Preferred Property: The glue film special has thickness of 0.3-0.8 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer 10-40 wt.%. The content of octene in the ethylene-octene copolymer is 15-60 mole%. Preferred Properties: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt index of 15-45 g/10 minutes. The melting point of ethylene-octene copolymer is 40-120 degrees C. The polyethylene has density of 0.90-0.98 g/cm3 and melting point of 80-120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic glass powder includes bismuth oxide, diboron trioxide, silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide and strontium oxide. Preferred Method: The solar energy battery transition slurry is prepared by uniformly dispersing the inorganic glass powder in the organic carrier, adding spherical silicon-aluminum alloy powder and grinding to obtain the solar energy battery transition slurry.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier includes organic solvent, thickening agent and auxiliary agent, where the organic solvent is selected from ethyl cellulose terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol and turpentine oil, the thickening agent is butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and nitrated cellulose, and the auxiliary agent is selected from polyamide powder and modified hydrogenated castor oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic additive powder is lithium nepheline. The aluminum powder is bismuth oxide-boron oxide-silicon dioxide glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic carrier is 3.0-15 wt.% ethyl cellulose, 0.5-5.0 wt.% additives and 70-95 wt.% solvents. The mixed solvent is terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine, ethylene glycol ether, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, tributyl citrate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate or tributyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Nitrogen-containing compounds of formula (II) and (III) are reacted in oxygen environment in the molar ratio of 1:1-1.2, added into the organic solvent using palladium catalyst, and Heck coupling reaction is performed, to obtain bithiazole unit-containing polymer. The catalyst is organic palladium or organic palladium phosphine ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is dichloride bis triphenylphosphine palladium, tetrakistriphenylphosphino palladium or palladium acetate. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, 2-dicyclohexyl naphthalene-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl or tri-o-tolylphosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and compound (I) is 1:20- 1:100. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluent is polyethylene glycol acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, or 2-ethyl acrylate. The oligomer is ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethyl acrylic ester, bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, or polyurethane ester. The coupling agent is propyl trimethoxy silane. The oxidant is benzoyl peroxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, or tert-butyl peroxy benzoate. The reducing agent is triethylamine, N,N-dimethyl aniline, or triethanolamine. The reducing agent additive is soluble saccharin. The polymerization inhibitor is 1,4-naphthoquinone and hydroquinone. The surface promoting agent is dicyclopentadienyl iron ethanol solution, acetic acid ethanol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The inorganic adhesive is 0.5-3.0 Mm glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises 3-15 wt.% ethyl cellulose, 70-95 wt.% mixed solvent and 0.5-15 wt.% auxiliary agent. Preferred Components: The auxiliary agent comprises hydrogenated castor oil and polyamide wax powder. The mixed solvent comprises terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine oil, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, tributyl citrate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and dibutyl phthalate or tributyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is tertiary butyl ester peroxide, tert-butyl-2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane, and/or tert-butyl cumyl peroxide. The antioxidant is tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, tris(2,4-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 2,2-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 3,5-di-tert-4- hydroxy-propionic acid stearyl acrylate, and/or tetrakis-(4-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl phenyl propionic acid) ester of pentaerythritol. The UV absorber is dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy benzophenone. The light stabilizer is N,N,-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexanediamine, sebacic acid, bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine ester, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, or 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-phenyl)-benzotriazole. The tackifier is a silane coupling agent i.e. gamma -methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane silane, vinyl trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl tris( beta -methoxyethoxy)silane, or gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The metal ion capturing agent is aluminosilicate, hydrous oxides, polyvalent metal salt of acid, heteropoly acid, or styrene and acrylic organic ion scavenger.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from e.g. sodium, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium carbonate, sdium sulfate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium triflate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, or sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from ethers, sulfones, sulfates, silicon alkoxy, and/or nitriles. The ether-based organic solvent comprises cyclic ethers and chain ethers, where the cyclic ethers include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane or 4-methyl-1,3- dioxolane, the chain ethers include dimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane. 1,2-dimethoxypropane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether or reduced tetraglyme. The organic solvent comprises dimethyl sulfoxide sulfoxide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone. nitriles, propionitrile, malononitrile, methoxy acetonitrile, and/or 3-methoxy propionitrile. The non-protic group comprises acid ester of formula (R-O-SO2-O-R1). The silicon-based organic solvent is tetramethoxysilane, ethyl triethoxy siloxane, silicone ethyl triacetoxy alkyl, methoxy diphenyl siloxane, methyl ethyl siloxane groups, and/or fluoro methane sulfonate. The positive electrode comprises an active material, a conductive additive, a binder and a conductive collector composition. The conductive additive is carbon material comprising acetylene black, graphite, graphene, porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and/or carbon fiber.The water-based adhesive binder is alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, PTFE or polyvinylidene fluoride.R = organic group; andR1 = methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, sulfuric acid or sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is selected as polyester, epoxide resin, phenolic resin, polyether-ether-ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, poly or ether sulfone, urea formaldehyde resin, PVC, polypropylene, polyamide, polyformaldehyde and polyphenylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The aluminum compound is selected from aluminum hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate and aluminum silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The salt torsion rubber insulating layer comprises 8 pts. wt. Keltan 5508 (RTM: ethylene propylene diene terpolymer), 12 pts. wt. Dutral TER 4044 (RTM: ethylene propylene diene terpolymer), 5-7 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. EP-20 ethylene elastomer, 0.5-0.7 pts. wt., preferably 0.7 pts. wt. dicumyl peroxide vulcanizing agent, 0.3-0.5 pts. wt., preferably 0.5 pts. wt. triallyl cyanurate curing agent, 0.2-0.4 pts. wt., preferably 0.4 pts. wt. N,N'-phenylene bismaleimide, 0.2-0.4 pts. wt., preferably 0.4 pts. wt. 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer antioxidant (a1), 0.2-0.4 pts. wt., preferably 0.4 pts. wt. mercaptobenzothiazole imidazole antioxidant (a2), 0.2-0.4 pts. wt., preferably 0.4 pts. wt. ( gamma )-aminopropyl triethoxysilane silane coupling agent, 2.1-2.5 pts. wt., preferably 2.5 pts. wt. hydrated zinc borate flame retardant, 1.5 pts. wt. antimony trioxide flame retardant, 25-40 pts. wt., preferably 40 pts. wt. aluminum hydroxide flame retardant filler, 0.8-1.2 pts. wt., preferably 1.2 pts. wt. lead tetroxide activator, 0.5-1 pt. wt., preferably 1 pt. wt. stearic acid activator, 1.5-2 pts. wt., preferably 2 pts. wt. zinc oxide activator, 2-5 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. Sunpar 2280 paraffin oil plasticizer, 0.5-1 pt. wt., preferably 1 pt. wt. chlorinated paraffin-52 plasticizers and 3 pts. wt. hydrated silica reinforcing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grain diameter of nano-kaolin is 100-250 nm. The nonwoven cloth further comprises lithium chloride, lithium carbonate, lithium oxalate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, and/or lithium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The content of organic solvent in the spinning solution is 80-99%. The organic solvent is N,N'-dimethylformamide, N,N'-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyimide is of formula (I). The polyimide has 100-1000 polyimide groups. The polyamic acid is obtained by condensing tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride monomer and diamine monomer in a ratio of 1-1.05, in organic solvent chosen from N,N'-dimethylformamide, N,N'-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.A1=group chosen from groups of formulae (i)-(v);andA2=group of formula (vi), (vii) or (viii).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of polyimide and nano-kaolin is 55:45-95:5. Preferred Properties: The fabric has a thickness of 10-60 mu m, a permeability of 2-200 seconds, a tensile strength of 10-120 MPa, and an average porosity of 50-90%. The spinning solution has a viscosity of 1-20 Pa.second, a surface tension of 1-80 mN/m, an electroconductivity of 10-150 mS/m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Filler is nano-silicon dioxide, nano-calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, alumina, antimony trioxide, zinc oxide, ferric oxide, and/or melamine cyanurate. Pigment is carbon black, titanium dioxide, red iron oxide, and/or black iron oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Plasticizer is methyl silicone oil, hydroxy silicone oil, and/or vinyl silicone oil. Additive is methyl silicone oil, vinyl silicone oil, N-butyl titanate, hexamethyl disilazane, octamethyl siloxane, butyrolactone, dihexyl amine, and/or alpha , omega -dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: Particle size of surface modified nano hollow silicon dioxide is 20-200 nm. Inner diameter of surface modified nano hollow silicon dioxide is 5-150 nm. Particle size of surface modified nano silicon dioxide is 20-150 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Diluting agent consists of methyl methacrylate beta -hydroxyethyl acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, and/or trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Photosensitizer consists of alpha -hydroxyalkyl ketone. Adhesion promoter consists of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyldimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyldimethoxysilane, 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyldimethoxysilane, and/or 3-(methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. Solvent consists of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tert.-butyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,2-dimethylpropanol, cyclohexanol, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, glycol ether, glycol acetate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, glycol monomethyl ether, glycol monoethyl ether, glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dioxane, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, and/or butyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Acrylate pre-polymer consists of polyurethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyether acrylate resin, functional polyacrylate, and/or acrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionate phosphite, triphenyl phosphate or polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing resin comprises 70 (preferably 40) mass% of polyvinylidene fluoride, 2 mass% of dibutyl phthalate, 1 mass% of 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2 mass% of tris(dioctyl phosphate acyloxy)isopropyl titanate, 3 mass% of 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 22 mass% of quartz powder, 40 mass% of polychlorotrifluoroethylene, 3.5 mass% of bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, 1.5 mass% of vinyl dimethoxy silane, 1.5 mass% of tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-yl)propionate, 3 mass% of triphenyl phosphite, 4.5 mass% of titanium powder, 4.5 mass% of talcum powder, chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and chlorotrifluoro-ethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic light-shielding filler is titanium white powder, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium silicate, silicon dioxide, and/or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The UV absorbent is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone. The catalyst is tetrabutyl titanate, cobalt isooctoate, zinc naphthenate, stannous octoate, and/or dibutyltin laurate. The chain extender is trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, propoxylated glycerol triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and/or propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate. The photoinitiator is benzophenone, acetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenylethanone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine, and/or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl diphenyl phosphine oxide. The thermal oxidative aging agent is 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hexadecyl ester, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, and/or tris(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4,4-piperidyl)phosphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The curing agent is hexamethylene diisocyanate tripolymer, hexamethylene diisocyanate prepolymer, isophorone diisocyanate tripolymer, and/or isophorone diisocyanate prepolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The etchant is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and/or barium hydroxide. The oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite, barium perchlorate, sodium chlorate, calcium chlorate, magnesium chlorate and/or barium chloride. The content of silver powder, glass powder and carrier in crystal silicon solar cell positive silver conductive paste is 80-90 wt.%, 1-3 wt.% and 10-20 wt.%, respectively. The crystalline silicon solar battery back silver conductive slurry further comprises glass powder. The content of silver powder, glass powder and carrier in crystalline silicon solar battery back silver conductive slurry is 50-80 wt.%, 0-3 wt.% and 20-50 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is organic solvent or water. The organic solvent includes organic solvent (A) and (B). The organic solvent (A) is ethanol and/or methanol. The organic solvent (B) is chosen from dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine oil, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, tributyl citrate and/or tributyl phosphate. Water is deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thickening agent is ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose, butyl cellulose, alkyd resin, phenolic resin and/or modified phenolic resin, preferably ethyl cellulose, or aqueous thickening agent chosen from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, water-soluble polyurethane resin, starch derivatives and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The doping element includes manganese, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, chromium, copper, magnesium and/or niobium. The lithium source includes lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate and/or lithium dihydrogen phosphate. The iron source includes ferric oxide, ferroferric oxide, ferrous oxalate, ferric orthophosphate, anhydrous ferric phosphate and/or ferrous phosphate. The phosphorus source includes ferric orthophosphate, anhydrous ferric phosphate, ferrous phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and/or ammonium hydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ball milling container is ball milling pot, polyurethane ball milling pot, tungsten carbide ball milling pot, corundum ball milling tank or zirconium oxide ball milling tank. The ball mill device is a vertical ball mill, a horizontal ball mill or a vibration ball mill. The ultrafine grinding equipment is sand mill, high speed ball mill or a vibration ball mill. The vacuum drying device is a double-cone vacuum drier or a vacuum rake type dryer. The sintering device is a mesh belt furnace, push plate furnace, rotary furnace or reverse rotating furnace. The crushing device is a jet mill or a mechanical mill. The mechanical mixing device is a double-spiral conical mixer, a vertical mixer or a rotary mixer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive agent precursor includes sucrose, dextrin, glucose and/or starch. The organic solvent includes ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead-free glass powder comprises 55-70 wt.% bismuth(III) oxide, 15-30 wt.% boron trioxide, 2-8 wt.% zinc oxide, 3-7 wt.% aluminum oxide, 5-10 wt.% silicon dioxide and 0.5-2 wt.% indium monoxide. Preferred Components: The inorganic additive is magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, niobium pentoxide, nickel oxide, zirconium dioxide, strontium oxide, boron trioxide, indium monoxide, gallium oxide or boron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises 5-10 wt.% ethyl cellulose resin, 3-10 wt.% acrylic acid resin, 80-92 wt.% mixture of butyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol, terpineol and dodecyl alcohol. Preferred Components: The solvent is butyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol, terpineol and dodecyl alcohol. The plasticizer is a mixture of acetyl citric acid, acetic acid ester, citric acid ester, citrate and tri-n-butyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises (i) dissolving crosslinkable group-containing conjugated polymer in a good solvent to obtain conjugated polymer solution with concentration of 1-20 mg/ml, and taking the conjugated polymer solution in a beaker, (ii) placing a poor solvent for preparation of conjugated polymer in a sealed container, (iii) placing the beaker containing conjugated polymer solution in the sealed container, carrying out solvent vapor diffusion method, where poor solvent in the container is very slowly spread to polymer solution in the beaker, (iv) carrying out high-speed centrifuging of the conjugated polymer solution, removing supernatant, then adding a small amount of poor solvent, again carrying out high-speed centrifuging, repeating centrifuging-filtering cycle for four times, and drying separated precipitate naturally to obtain final product . Preferred Method: The high-speed centrifuging speed is 4000-5000 revolutions/minute, and high-speed centrifuging time is 0.5 hour. Preferred Components: The crosslinkable polymer is conjugated polythiophene derivative, which is poly(3-hexylthiophene-3-(azido-benzoyloxyethyl)thiophene), poly(3-hexylthiophene-3-(vinyl-benzyloxyethyl)thiophene) or poly(3-hexylthiophene-3-(methacryloyloxyethyl)thiophene). The good solvent is chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, 1,4-dioxane, anisole, cyclohexanone or toluene. The poor solvent is methanol, n-hexane, petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of titania nano-spheres, polyethylene glycol, de-ionized water and ethyl alcohol in three-dimensional spherical anatase-type titania photo-anode, is 0.3:0.5 g : 1:1 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicone oil 107 has a viscosity of 5000-80000 CP and terminal hydroxy group polydimethylsiloxane. The reinforcing filler is calcium carbonate, gas phase white carbon black or silicon dioxide. The calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide powder have grain diameter of is 3000-5000 meshes and water content of less than 0.1%. The gas-phase white carbon black is synthesized by gas phase method, and has water content of less than 0.6%. The silane coupling agent is N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (KH792), gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent (KH560) and/or gamma aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550). The catalyst is organic tin catalyst including butyl acetate or dibutyl tin laurate. The crosslinking agent is methyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl dimethoxy silicon or tetra methoxy silicon. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 75-85 degrees C. The reaction time is 110-130 minutes. The vacuum degree is 135-145 degrees C. The vacuumizing time is control is 55-65 minutes. The pressure is less than 0.1 MPa. The protective gas is nitrogen. The stirring step is carried out for 18-22 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further comprises 0.1-10 pts.wt of carbon nanotube discontinuously and uniformly dispersed within the thermoplastic resin, 0.1-10 pts.wt of nanoclay discontinuously and uniformly dispersed within the thermoplastic resin, 0.1-10 pts.wt of a material discontinuously and uniformly dispersed within the thermoplastic resin, where the material comprises talc and calcium carbonate, 0.1-10 pts.wt of organic nucleating agent discontinuously and uniformly dispersed within the thermoplastic resin, where the organic nucleating agent comprises organic carboxylate or organo phosphate, and 5-40 pts.wt of rubber discontinuously and uniformly dispersed within the thermoplastic resin, The expandable graphite is purified using sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and ammonium persulfate at a temperature of higher than 300 degrees C. Localized detachment graphite plates are connected to each other with open pathways made of expanded graphite powder to form thermal conductivity of composite materials. The granule type expanded graphite has a grain size of 10-200 nm. An amount of boride nitrogen composite is 5-40 pts. wt. The boride nitrogen composite comprises boron nitride and magnesium oxide. The filament comprises glass fiber, carbon fiber and organic fiber, and has a length of 0.1-20 nm. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is chosen from 24 compounds e.g. acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol and isopentyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of oligomer/polymer optionally substituted 10-60 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor comprises nickel nitrate hexahydrate, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, copper chloride hexahydrate and/or ferric chloride hexahydrate. A weight ratio of solid carbon and precursor is 1:2-1:4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid carbon comprises poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The cobalt salt is cobalt oxalate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate or cobalt nitrate. The manganese salt is manganese oxalate, manganese sulfate, manganese acetate or manganese nitrate. The inert gas is nitrogen or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction medium is water, absolute ethyl alcohol, methanol, dimethylformamide or ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Pigment: The white pigment is titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 0.5-10 pts. wt. crosslinking agent with respect to 100 pts. wt. copolymer. The composition contains 1-39 pts. wt. blue pigment, 39-1 pts. wt. yellow pigment, 0-20 pts. wt. white pigment, 0-10 pts. wt. black pigment and 0-10 pts. wt. red pigment. The blue pigment is indanthrone or copper phthalocyanine blue. The yellow pigment is isoindoline or benzimidazolone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is isocyanate compound, melamine resin, epoxy resin, urea resin or benzoyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rear panel further contains additive chosen from inorganic filler, antioxidant, ultraviolet stabilizer, anti-hydrolysis agent, flame retardant, plasticizer, pigment, silane coupling agent and filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyamide is chosen from polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 46, polyamide 610, polyamide 612, polyamide 614, polyamide 613, polyamide 615, polyamide 616, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 10, polyamide 912, polyamide 913, polyamide 914, polyamide 915, polyamide 616, polyamide 1010, polyamide 1012, polyamide 1013, polyamide 1014, polyamide 1210, polyamide 1212, polyamide 1213 and polyamide 1214. The polyester is chosen from 17 compounds e.g. polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyhexamethylene terephthalate, hexamethylenediamine/terephthalic acid cyclohexane diamine, poly(butylene adipate) and polyethylene naphthalate. The polyolefin is chosen from 20 compounds e.g. high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene and ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, barium sulfate, alumina or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acrylic resin is alkyl methacrylate or polyester resin including polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, preferably alkyl methacrylate. The UV absorbent is benzotriazole UV absorbent or benzophenone UV absorbent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing resin is polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The conductive anode substrate comprises indium tin oxide glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, trick-doped glass or indium-doped zinc oxide glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active layer comprises mixture of fullerene derivative butyrate receptor. Preferred Composition: The active material layer comprises poly-3-hexylthiophene and fullerene butyrate derivatives in a mass ratio of 1:0.8 to 1:1, or poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy) phenylenevinylene) butyrate and fullerene derivatives in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:4, or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-vinyl-hexyloxy) polystyrene) butyrate and fullerene derivatives in a mass ratio of 1:1 to 1:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode substrate is indium-tin oxide glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, zinc oxide glass of zinc oxide glass or indium-doped aluminum. The cathode material is aluminum, silver, gold or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active material is a conjugated polymer derivative or 60-70C derivatives. The conjugated polymer is poly-3 - hexylthiophene, polyparaphenylene vinylene derivatives or 2-methoxy-5 - (2 - ethyl - hexyl) -1,4 a styrene. The hole buffering layer material is doped with 3, 4-ethylene dioxy thiophene, 3,4 ethylene dioxide thiophene with polystyrene sulfonic acid according to a weight ratio of 2: 1 to 6: 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic carbon powder is coal-base carbon, coconut shell carbon, apricot shell carbon or graphite powder. The reinforcing fiber is carbon fiber or graphite fiber. Preferred Properties: The diameter of the reinforcing fiber is 110 nm-15 mu m and the length-diameter ratio is 10-50.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin is polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, polystyrene, polyformaldehyde, polyphenyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polyphenyl thioether, polyethylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyether sulfone and thermoplastic phenolic resin, polyester and/or polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic peroxide is t-butylperoxy carbonate-2-ethylhexyl acrylate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, 4,4-bis(t-butylperoxy)valerate, dicumyl peroxide, bis(t-butylperoxy isopropyl)benzene and/or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The silane crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive film has film thickness of 0.5 mm and width of 1000 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acrylic monomer is chosen from ethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, vinyl butyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate. The carbonyl group-containing compound (I) is chosen from dimethyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, dioctyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, dibutyl (Z)-but-2-enedioate, diisobutyl (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, and bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl) (Z)-but-2-enedioate. The carbonyl group-containing compound (II) is chosen from dimethyl (E)-but-2-enedioate, dioctyl (E)-But-2-enedioate and bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl) (E)-but-2-enedioate. The organic solvent has boiling point of 150 degrees C or more. The organic solvent is chosen from diethyleneglycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethyleneglycol butyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, tetraethylene glycol dodecyl ether, diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monooctyl ether and alpha -terpineol. The polymerization initiator is chosen from lauryl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, cumen hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide. The additive is chosen from antioxidant, antifoaming agent, dispersing agent, antistriation agent, plasticizer, adhesion accelerator and surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thickness of zirconium acetylacetonate film is 20-100 Angstrom . The solvent of zirconium acetylacetonate solution is methanol, ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol. The concentration of zirconium acetylacetonate solution is 0.2-10 mg/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler is titanium dioxide, silica or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of tetrafluoro ethylene, ethylene and hexafluoropropylene is 46-55 mol%, 36-44 mol% and 3-7 mol%, respectively. The content of 1,2,2-trifluoroethylene is 1-7 mol%. The silane coupling agent is chosen from vinyl trimethoxysilane or vinyl triethoxysilane, preferably 1.5-2.5 wt.% vinyl trimethoxy silane. The organic peroxide is dicumyl peroxide or dibenzoyl peroxide, preferably 0.1-0.3 wt.% dicumyl peroxide. The crosslinking catalyst comprises dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin laurate maleate, N-octyl tin dilaurate, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonated acetyl, methanesulfonic acid and/or toluene sulfonated acetyl, preferably 0.1-0.4 wt.% dibutyl tin dilaurate. The modified resin is poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(ethyl methacrylate), preferably poly (methyl methacrylate). The lubricant is stearic acid, butyl stearate, bis-stearamide, natural paraffin, synthetic paraffin, polyethylene wax and/or polypropylene wax. The antioxidant is chosen antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 or butylated hydroxytoluene. The light stabilizer is chosen from light stabilizer 770 or light stabilityer 622. The light absorber is benzotriazole-type ultraviolet light absorber or light absorber (UV-O). The packaging film further comprises 40-50 pts. wt. ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, 0.1-0.3 pt. wt. dicumyl peroxide, 1.5-2.5 pts. wt. vinyltrimethoxysilane, 0.1-0.4 pt. wt. dibutyl tin dilaurate, 10-10 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, and 15-35 pts. wt. polymethyl methacrylate, and preferably comprises 0.1-1 pt. wt. lubricant, and 0.5-2 pts. wt. functional additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is nanograde titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (II) is vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene or trifluoroethylene, preferably chlorotrifluoroethylene or vinylidene fluoride. (III) is greater than or equal to 3C perfluoroolefin or perfluorinated alkenyl ether monomer, preferably hexafluoropropylene, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, perfluoroethyl vinyl ether or perfluoropropyl vinyl ether, more preferably hexafluoropropylene or perfluoropropyl vinyl ether. The functional additives comprise antioxidant, antiaging agent, light stabilizer, light absorbent and/or coupling agent, preferably antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 or butylated hydroxytoluene (antioxidant BHT), light stabilizer 770 or light stabilizer 622LD, light absorbent UV-P or light absorber UV-O, silane coupling agent KH570 or silane coupling agent KH560.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate or their polymer blend and has a thickness of 50-250 mu m. The thickness of fluorine-containing material weather-proof layer is 5-30 mu m. The adhesive is epoxy glue, acrylic glue or polyurethane glue. The adhesive bonding layer has a thickness of 2-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The step (1) comprises drying the poly(methyl trifluoropropyl siloxane), hydroxyl fluorosilicone oil, poly(methylvinyl)siloxanes and lithium silicon alkoxide using stainless steel polymerization reaction kettle at a temperature of 70 plus minus 3 degrees C and then stirring at a vacuum degree of -0.0 to -0.02 MPa for 3 hours, polymerizing the mixture at a temperature of 125 plus minus 3 degrees C for 25 minutes and then cooling at 60-70 degrees C to obtain the polymerization product, adding ethyl acetate with a same volume and then stirring to dissolve, washing the mixture with water to be neutral, and evaporating the solvent to obtain the fluorosilicone additive. The step (2), the vulcanizing condition is carried out at 150-165 degrees C for 20 minutes, and a pressure of 5 MPa, and heat preserving for 4-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic electrolyte further comprises electrode material comprising hard carbon, sodium-titanium-oxide (Na2Ti3O7), lithium-titanium-oxide (Li4Ti5O12), sodium-vanadium-phosphate (Na3V2(PO4)3), sodium-vanadium-phosphate-fluorine (Na3V2(PO4)2F3) and (NaVPO4F), sodium-iron-phosphate (NaFePO4), sodium-iron-phosphate-fluorine (Na2FePO4F), sodium-cobalt-oxide (NaxCoO2), sodium-chromium-oxide (NaCrO2), sodium-manganese-oxide (NaMnO2) or sodium-nickel-manganese-oxide (NaNi(0.5)Mn(0.5)O2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene ester, ethyl isopropyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, 2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, diglyme, 1,3- dioxolane, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylonitrile and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The black ethylene vinyl acetate material further comprises 2 wt.% of insulating carbon black. The black EVA is present in an amount of 85-99%, and is ethylene-propylene copolymer, butene-modified polyethylene, polyethylene surname octene or hexene-modified polyethylene. The crosslinking agent comprises a crosslinking curing agent and an auxiliary crosslinking agent. The crosslinking curing agent comprises an organic peroxide, and azo compound. The organic peroxide, dicumylperoxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2, 5-di-tert-butyl peroxide hexane, 2-ethyl hexyl carbonate, and 3,3-bis (t-butylperoxy) butyrate. The auxiliary crosslinking agent comprises triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, ethylene, trimethylolpropane trimethyl acrylic ester, methacrylic acid diethylene glycol ester or diallyl phthalate. The antioxidant is tetra (beta-(3, 5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyl phenyl) propionicacid) pentaerythritol ester or beta-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl--4-hydroxyl phenyl)propionic acid. The UV absorber and the UV stabilizer comprise di (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, Poly (1 - hydroxyethyl-2 ,2,6,6 - tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl) succinate, poly((6-((1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino)-s-triazine-2,4-diyl)-((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)-hexamethylene-((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)), 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenones or 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium acetate, lithium chloride and lithium nitrate. The metal salt is selected from ferrous acetate, ferrous sulfate, manganese acetate, manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate, cobalt acetate and nickel acetate. The phosphate is selected from phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The inert gas is selected from nitrogen, argon, nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas and/or argon/hydrogen mixed gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt containing alcohol solution is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. The additive is selected from sucrose, fructose, glucose, soluble starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, phenol resin and furfural resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transition metal oxide layers are made by titanium, copper, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium and gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gap between the protrusion parts of the metal oxide layer is 400-1000 nm. The metal oxide layer comprises titanium dioxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, niobium pentoxide, titanium strontium oxide, and indium (III) oxide, where the metal oxide layer includes group 13 or group 15 elements. The quantum dots are made of cadmium selenide, magnesium selenide, magnesium oxide, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, mercury telluride, gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, , gallium arsenide, gallium antimonide, indium antimonide, silicon, germanium, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonide, lead selenide, lead sulfide, copper oxide, and lead telluride, where the quantum dots are made of group 13 or group 15 elements. The transition metal oxide layer is a tungsten trioxide, molybdenum trioxide, iron (III) oxide, vanadium dioxide and chromium trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoactive layer further comprises an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material including (I), an electron-transport layer and a hole-transport layer. The electron acceptor material comprises fullerene, fullerene derivative, bacproin, semiconductive element and semiconductive compound. Preferred Method: The photoactive layer forming step is carried out by spin coating. The method further comprises forming a hole transport layer on the first electrode, forming a photoactive over the hole transport layer and forming a second electrode over the photoactive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (I) has molecular weight distribution of 1-100 and average molecular weight of 500-1000000. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed i.e. 1H-Benzoimidazole compounds of formulae (Ia)-(Id).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The anode layer has thickness of 50-600 mu m. Preferred Component: The acid is chosen from sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ester is chosen from tetrabutyl titanate and isopropyl titanate. The carbon material is chosen from carbon air-gel, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride. The electrolyte layers comprise liquid electrolyte chosen from ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate triethyl methyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate. The dye is chosen from dye N3, dye N719 or dye C106. The binder is N-methylpyrrolidone or 0.15 mol/L acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The diaphragm is polypropylene film, diaphragm paper or macromolecular semi-permeable membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrode is magnesium/silver, calcium/aluminum or lithium fluoride/aluminum electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hydrophobic group-containing bis fullerene derivative is compound of formula (I).R=CnH(2n+1);n=4-20; andR1-R5=H or F.Preferred Composition: The donor material and acceptor material mass ratio is 1:0.5-1:6, donor material and acceptor material mixed solution concentration is 5-40 mg/ml. Preferred Method: Spin coating rotating speed is 600-4000 rpm, and thickness of active layer thin film is 10-200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The donor material is poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-di-yl), poly (2-5-5,6-di-octyloxy-4-thiophene-benzo (c) (1,2,5) thiadiazole-7-thiophene-9-octyl-9H-carbazole) or poly-thieno (3,4-b) benzodiazepin thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The preparation of graphite foam comprises: adding mesophase pitch or synthetic mesophase pitch coal tar to the reactor, heating to 260-400 degrees C at the heating rate of 1-5 degrees C/ minute, pressurizing at 2-6 MPa, then heating to 350-550 degrees C at the heating rate of 1-2 degrees C/minute, insulating for 15 minutes to 2 hours, cooling and deflating using different ways to obtain bitumen foam; heating to 950-1100 degrees C, conducting carbonization under nitrogen protection to obtain carbonized bitumen foam; conducting graphitization by heating under an argon atmosphere to 2600-3000 degrees C, and naturally cooled to obtain a high thermal conductivity graphite foam. The mechanical stirring time is 0.3-1 hours. Preferred Components: The graphite foam pore size is 80-800 mu m, and the density is 0.28-0.75 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of titanium dioxide is 40-100 wt.%. The filler comprises 0-30 wt.% ultraviolet reflection filler and 0-30 wt.% hollow micro-spheres chosen from hollow glass beads and hollow ceramic beads. Preferred Property: The thickness of the insulating layer, barrier layer and weather-proof layer is 0.02-0.05 mm, 0.02-0.3 mm and 0.02-0.05 mm, respectively. Preferred Process: The titanium dioxide is treated using titanate coupling agent or silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The insulating layer is polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene terephthalate layer, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate layer, low density polyethylene layer, a polycarbonate layer or polypropylene layer. The backboard further comprises adhesive layer chosen from polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral layer and olefin polymer layer. Preferred Property: The thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.005-0.3 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Methylphenylcyclosiloxane has a vinyl group. The main chain on each silicon atom is connected with methyl and phenyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The outer weather-proof material comprises polyvinyl fluoride or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Second fluorine compound is 1.2-19 wt.% of first fluorine compound total weight. Second adhesive material is 0.05-0.9 wt.% first adhesive material total weight. Fist fluorine compound is 5-45 wt.% of first fluororesin layer total weight. First adhesive material is 55-95 wt.% of first fluororesin layer total weight. Second fluorine compound is 55-95 wt.% of second fluororesin layer total weight. Second adhesive material is 5-45 wt.% of second fluororesin layer total weight. Multi-layered fluororesin film further comprises third fluororesin layer with third fluorine compound and third adhesive material at weight ratio of 2-19:1. Third fluorine compound is 1.1-2.4 wt.% of second fluorine compound total weight and 1.3-12 wt.% of first fluorine compound total weight. Third adhesive material is 0.08-0.75 wt.% of second adhesive material total weight and 0.4-0.9 wt.% of first adhesive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A carbazole compound of formula (II) and thiophene compound of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1 are reacted in organic solvent in presence of catalyst, to obtain isoindigo based co-polymer (I). Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of component (I) to component (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or palladium acetate and the organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl or tri-o-tolylphosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-1:8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiazole compounds of formula (II) and 1,4-divinyl benzene compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 into an organic solvent containing catalyst, and performing Heck coupling reaction under anaerobic environment, where the catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and an organophosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Heck coupling reaction is 70-130 degrees C, and the reaction time is 24-96 hours. The method further comprises carrying out Heck coupling reaction of (II) and (III), adding methanol solution, precipitating and filtering, then washing the obtained solid using methanol and extracting with n-hexane, and then extracting with chloroform, evaporating the solvent for collecting chloroform, and purifying to obtain (I). The method utilizes Soxhlet extractor for extraction. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A thiazothiazole derivative of formula (II) and 3,6-divinyl-9H-carbazole derivative of formula (III) are provided and added in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 under oxygen-free environment, and Heck coupling reaction is performed in organic solvent using catalyst, to obtain thiazothiazole unit-containing polymer having thiazothiazole unit (I). The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphino palladium or tris dibenzalacetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and thiazothiazole derivative (II) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. Preferred Process: After performing Heck coupling reaction, methanol was added to obtained product to precipitate, resultant solid was filtered and successively washed using methanol and n-hexane, solid is extracted using chloroform, solvent is evaporated and resultant chloroform solution is collected, to obtain purified thiazothiazole unit-containing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, the organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl, and molar ratio of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding 2,5-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)thiazolo(5,4-d)thiazole compounds of formula (II) and 1,4-divinyl benzene compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 to an organic solvent containing catalyst, and performing Heck coupling reaction under anaerobic environment, where the catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and an organophosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Heck coupling reaction is 70-130 degrees C, preferably 90-120 degrees C, and reaction time is 24-96 hours. The method further comprises carrying out Heck coupling reaction of (II) and (III), adding methanol solution, precipitating and filtering, then washing the obtained solid using methanol, extracting with n-hexane, and then extracting with chloroform, evaporating the solvent for collecting chloroform, and purifying to obtain (I). The method utilizes Soxhlet extractor for extraction. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, and the organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri(p-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. Molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding 5,5'-dibromo-(2,2')bithiazole compounds of formula (II) and triphenylamine compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 to an organic solvent containing catalyst, and performing Heck coupling reaction under anaerobic environment, where the catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Heck coupling reaction is 70-130 degrees C, preferably 90-120 degrees C, and reaction time is 24-96 hours. The method further comprises carrying out Heck coupling reaction of (II) and (III), adding methanol solution, precipitating and filtering, then washing the obtained solid using methanol, extracting with chloroform, evaporating the solvent for collecting chloroform, and purifying to obtain (I). The method utilizes Soxhlet extractor for extraction. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Nitrogen-containing compounds of formula (II) and (III) are provided in the oxygen environment in the molar ratio of 1:1-1.2, added in organic solvent with catalyst, to obtain thiazothiazole unit-containing polymer. The catalyst is mixture of organic palladium and organic palladium organophosphorus ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is dichloride bis triphenylphosphine palladium, tetrakistriphenylphosphino palladium or dotriaconta-dibenzalacetone dipalladium. The phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-p-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexyl naphthalene-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, the organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri(p-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl, and the molar ratio of organic palladium to organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises: adding 5,5'-dibromo-(2,2')bithiazole compounds of formula (II) and 3,7-divinyl-10H-phenothiazine compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 to an organic solvent containing catalyst and performing Heck coupling reaction under anaerobic environment, where the catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and an organophosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Heck coupling reaction is 70-130 degrees C, preferably 90-120 degrees C, and reaction time is 24-96 hours. The method further comprises carrying out Heck coupling reaction of (II) and (III), adding methanol solution, precipitating and filtering, then washing the obtained solid using methanol, extracting with chloroform, evaporating the solvent for collecting chloroform, and purifying to obtain (I). The method utilizes Soxhlet extractor for extraction. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A carbazole compound of formula (II) and pyrrole compound of formula (III) in mol ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 are mixed and reacted in organic solvent with catalyst under oxygen free environment, to obtain thiophene pyrroledione based co-polymer (I). The catalyst is mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of component (I) to component (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic alkali is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains mixture of inorganic alkali and organic palladium, palladium or organic phosphine ligand. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) or (III) dibenzylideneacetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-t-butylphosphine, tri-p-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The 2,7-carbazole-bithiazole copolymer (I) is prepared by adding thiazole-containing compound of formula (II) and carbazole-containing compound of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to organic solvent containing catalyst under anaerobic condition, heating, Suzuki-coupling reacting, cooling to room temperature, adding methanol to solution, precipitating, extracting through Soxhlet extractor with methanol and n-hexane, extracting with chloroform to colorless, collecting chloroform solution and spin-drying, to obtain red powder, collecting red powder and drying under vacuum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-p-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The proportion of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand in the mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed):The preparation of (I) comprises adding 5,5'-dibromo-2,2'-bi-1,3-thiazole compounds of formula (II) and 2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)-thieno(2,3-f)(1)benzothiophene compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 to an organic solvent containing catalyst, and performing Stille coupling reaction under anaerobic environment, cooling to room temperature after completion of the reaction, adding methanol to the obtained solution for precipitation, then extracting through Soxhlet extractor by using methanol and n-hexane sequentially, and then extracting with chloroform until it is colorless, collecting the chloroform solution and spin drying to obtain red powder, and vacuum drying the collected red powder to obtain (I). Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction temperature is 70-130 degrees C, and the reaction time is 12-48 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is mixture of inorganic alkali and organic palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand. The inorganic alkali is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, and molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-100. The organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-p-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand in the mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding 2,5-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)thiazolo(5,4,d)thiazole compounds of formula (II) and 2,7-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-fluorene compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1:1.2 to an organic solvent containing catalyst, and performing Suzuki coupling reaction under anaerobic environment, cooling to room temperature after the completion of the reaction, adding methanol to the obtained solution for precipitation, then extracting through Soxhlet extractor by using methanol and n-hexane sequentially, and then extracting with chloroform until it is colorless, collecting the chloroform solution and spin drying to obtain red powder, and vacuum drying the collected red powder to obtain (I). Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Suzuki coupling reaction is 70-130 degrees C, and reaction time is 12-96 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is indium tin oxide substrate or metal substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive particle is graphite or carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer monomer is aniline monomer, pyrrole monomer or thiophene monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tertiary oxide is 0.1-5 pts. wt., preferably 2.5 pts. wt. compound alumina, 0.1-5 pts. wt., preferably 2.5 pts. wt. gallium oxide, 0.01-2 pts. wt., preferably 1 pt. wt. silicon oxide, 0.1-2 pts. wt., preferably 1 pt. wt. titanium oxide or 0.1-2 pts. wt., preferably 1 pt. wt. yttrium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is 0.5-2 wt.%, preferably 1.2 wt.% aqueous solution of sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conjugated substance of the solar cell is made from bismuth telluride, bismuth selenide, antimony telluride and cobalt sulfide materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal back electrode material is made from aluminum, titanium, palladium, silver, indium or gallium alloy material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is made from alkyl alcohol solvent comprising isopropanol and ethanol materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conjugated substance of the solar cell is made from poly 3,4-di-thiophene polyoxyethylene and polystyrene materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A tin-containing compound of formula (II) and (E)-6,6'-Dibromo-1H,1'H-(3,3')biindolylidene-2,2'-dione derivative of formula (III) are added in molar ratio of 1:1 under oxygen-free environment, predetermined amount of catalyst is added into organic solvent, dissolved by stirring sufficiently, Stille coupling reaction is performed at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, stopping reaction, and cooling, to obtain indigo-based copolymer. Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organic palladium (P1), or mixture of organic palladium (P2) and organic phosphine ligand. The organic palladium (P1) is chosen from (triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium. The molar ratio of organic palladium (P1) or (P2) and tin-containing compound is 1:20-1:100. The organic palladium (P2) is tris dibenzylideneacetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-t-butylphosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-8. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A tin-containing thiophene derivative of formula (II) and dibromo thiophene of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1 are reacted in organic solvent in presence of catalyst, to obtain thiophene pyrroledione based co-polymer (I). Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of component (I) to component (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is: organic palladium, preferably bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium; or mixture of organic palladium and an organophosphorus ligand, where the organic palladium is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises adding 2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (II) and 2,6-bis(5-bromothienyl)-9,10-anthraquinone compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1 into an organic solvent containing a catalyst, dissolving, then performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours under anaerobic environment, and then cooling. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Stille coupling reaction is 80-110 degrees C, and the reaction time is 12-48 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A thiophene derivative of formula (II) and dibromoanthracene compound of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1 are reacted in organic solvent, in presence of catalyst, to obtain anthraquinone-based co-polymer (I). Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of component (I) to component (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is: organic palladium, preferably bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium; or mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand, where the organic palladium is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100 and molar ratio of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-8. The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises adding fluorene-2,7-bis(boronic acid pinacol ester) compounds of formula (II) and 1,3-dibromothieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1 into an alkali organic solvent containing a catalyst, dissolving and performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours under anaerobic environment, cooling and stopping the polymerization reaction. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Suzuki coupling reaction is 80-110 degrees C, and the reaction time is 24-72 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A thiazole compound of formula (II) and indole compound of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1 are reacted in organic solvent using catalyst under oxygen-free atmosphere, to obtain indigo-based copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of component (I) to component (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is: organic palladium, preferably bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium; or mixture of organic palladium and organophosphorus ligand, where the organic palladium is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100 and molar ratio of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises adding 2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (II) and 4,7-bis(5-bromothienyl)-1,2,3-benzotriazole compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1 into an organic solvent containing catalyst, dissolving and performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours under anaerobic environment, and then cooling. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Stille coupling reaction is 80-110 degrees C, and the reaction time is 12-48 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A thiophene compound of formula (II) and biindene derivative of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1 are reacted in organic solvent with catalyst and cooling, to obtain isoindigo based co-polymer (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organic palladium, preferably triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride or tetra-triphenyl phosphine palladium in molar ratio of 1:20-1:100, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The organic solvent is selected from toluene, N, N-dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, or mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and tri-tert-butylphosphine. The molar ratio of catalyst to (II) is 1:20-1:10. The molar ratio of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100, and molar ratio of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium to tri-tert-butylphosphine is 1:4-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises adding 2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)-4,8-bis(alkoxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (II) and 1,3-dibromothieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1 into an organic solvent containing a catalyst, dissolving and performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours under anaerobic environment, and then cooling. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Stille coupling reaction is 80-110 degrees C, and the reaction time is 12-48 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Definitions:    n = 40-70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A thiazole compound of formula (II) and thiophene compound of formula (III) in mol ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 subjected to Stille coupling reaction in organic solvent with catalyst under oxygen free environment, to obtain bithiazole unit-containing polymer (I). The catalyst is mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of component (I) to component (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, the organophosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, and molar ratio of organic palladium to organophosphorus ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding 2,5-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)thiazolo(5,4-d)thiazole compounds of formula (II) and 2,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 to an organic solvent containing catalyst, and performing Stille coupling reaction under anaerobic environment, where the catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and an organophosphorus ligand. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature of Stille coupling reaction is 70-130 degrees C, preferably 80-110 degrees C and reaction time is 6-60 hours. The method further comprises carrying out Stille coupling reaction of (II) and (III), adding methanol solution, precipitating and filtering, then washing the obtained solid using methanol, extracting with n-hexane, and then extracting with chloroform, evaporating the solvent for collecting chloroform, and purifying to obtain (I). The method utilizes Soxhlet extractor for extraction. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Nitrogen-containing compounds of formula (II) and (III) are reacted in 2oxygen environment in the molar ratio of 1:1-1.2, added into the organic solvent using palladium catalyst, and Heck coupling reaction is performed, to obtain bithiazole unit-containing polymer. The catalyst is organic palladium or organic palladium phosphine ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium bis triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium or dotriaconta-benzylidene acetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexyl-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium phosphine ligand and organic palladium is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium and compound (I) is 1:20- 1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (organic palladium), or a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand in a molar ratio of 1:4-8, preferably mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and tri-t-butylphosphine. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Under oxygen-free conditions, bis-trimethylstannanyl-cyclopenta-dithiophene derivative of formula (II) and bis-(bromo-thiophenyl)-difluoro-benzotriazole derivative of formula (III) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction in a molar ratio of 1:1 in an organic solvent added with a catalyst, at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours. Reaction is stopped and the reaction mixture is cooled to obtain copolymer (I). Preferred Conditions: The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The Stille coupling reaction temperature is 80-110 degrees C and time is 12-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The catalyst is organic palladium compound chosen from triphenylphosphine palladium chloride and/or tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium. The molar ratio of organic palladium compound and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is a mixture of organic palladium compound and organophosphorus ligand in a molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium compound is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organophosphorus ligand is tri-t-butylphosphine. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A 2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene derivative of formula (II) and (2,6-dibromo-10-(dicyanomethylene)anthracen-9(10H)-ylidene)malononitrile derivative of formula (III) are added in a molar ratio of 1:1 to an organic solvent with a catalyst, and dissolved by stirring. Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours and the reaction mixture is cooled after reaction completion, to obtain copolymer (I). Preferred Conditions: The Stille coupling reaction temperature is 80-110 degrees C and time is 12-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A thiazole derivative of formula (II) and benzothiophene compound of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1 are reacted in organic solvent, in presence of catalyst, to obtain benzo dithiophene-based co-polymer (I). Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of component (I) to component (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier-B comprises 8-10 pts. wt. C5 petroleum resin, 4-6 pts. wt. propylene glycol monobutyl ether and 30-40 pts. wt. ethylene glycol. The organic carrier-C: comprising 10-12 wt.% vinyl chloride vinyl acetate, 20-25 pts. wt. dibasic ester solvent and 15-17 pts. wt. methyl isobutyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolytic solution contained in concentration of not less than 0.7 mol/l of lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The perfluoroalkyl group melamine derivative is N,N',N''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6)tris(2,2,2- trifluoro acetamide),N,N',N''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propionamide),N,N',N''-(1,3,5-triazine-2, 4,6)tris (2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-N-(2,2,3,3,3- pentafluoro-propionyl)-propionamide),N,N',N''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6)-tris (2,2,3,3,4,4,4- heptafluorobutoxy amide),N,N',N''-(1,3,5-diazine-4,6-diyl) (2,2,3,3,4,4,4-N-(2, 2,3,3,4,4,4-acid-yl)butyric acid amine), and N,N',N''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6)-tris (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-nona decafluoro decanoylamino).The non-aqueous organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl propionate and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated double bond-containing vegetable oil (II) is chosen from castor oil, tung oil, linseed oil, cotton seed oil, rapeseed oil or soyabean oil. The polymerizable unsaturated double bond-containing fatty acids or anhydride (III) is chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride or furamic anhydride. The aliphatic amine is chosen from primary amine group or secondary amine group, preferably monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, diethylamine, methylamine, dimethylamine, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, polyethylene polyamine or polyethyleneimine, aromatic amine preferably aniline, N-methylaniline or naphthylamine, and heterocyclic amine, preferably imidazole, in the weight ratio of 100:20:10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The new ash-free carboxyl group-containing compound (I) is obtained by performing thermal polymerization and/or free radical polymerization of unsaturated double bond-containing vegetable oil of formula (II) and polymerizable unsaturated double bond-containing fatty acid or anhydride of formula (III), obtaining carboxyl group or vegetable oil-modified polymer having iodine value less than 10, mixing with aliphatic amine and performing amidation reaction. The resultant product has acid value less than 30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ethylenically unsaturated silane compound is chosen from vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyl tripropoxysilane, vinyl triethyleneoxysilane and vinyl tricarboxysilane. The radical generator is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, diisopropylbenzene hydrogen peroxide and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(hydroperoxy)hexane. The ultraviolet-absorbing agent is chosen from benzophenone-type ultraviolet-absorbing agent, benzotriazole-type ultraviolet-absorbing agent, salicylate-type ultraviolet-absorbing agent, acrylonitrile-type ultraviolet-absorbing agent, metal complex salt-type ultraviolet-absorbing agent, hindered amine-type ultraviolet-absorbing agent, ultrafine titanium dioxide-type ultraviolet-absorbing agent and super-fine zinc oxide-type ultraviolet-absorbing agent. The filler further contains additive chosen from amine-based antioxidant, phenol-based antioxidant, lactone antioxidant, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, bis(2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl phenyl)ethyl-ester phosphate, tetrakis(1,1-biphenyl)-4,4'-diylbisphosphonite and sulfur antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin in the maleic acid-modified polyolefin resin is chosen from low-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, linear polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The solar cell has a width of 10-50000 mu m and a thickness of 10-5000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is metal chosen from copper, nickel, aluminum, iron, chromium, and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is polymer chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyimide, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, amorphous polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, polycyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate glycol, modified triacetyl cellulose, cycloolefin polymer, cycloolefin copolymer, dicyclopentadiene polymer, cyclopentadiene polymer, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polydimethylsiloxane, silicone resin, fluororesin, and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, magnesium iodide, copper iodide, silicon iodide, manganese iodide, barium iodide, molybdenum iodide, calcium iodide, iron iodide, cesium iodide, zinc iodide, mercury iodide, ammonium iodide, methyl iodide, isobutyl iodide, benzyl iodide, benzoyl iodide and allyl iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is aliphatic polyamine curing agent or an aromatic amine curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The nitrile butadiene polymer is an acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer and an acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylic acid terpolymer having weight-average molecular weight of 2000-2000000. The nitrile butadiene polymer contains 1-20% carboxyl group and 1-40% acrylonitrile group at chain terminal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte composition further comprises curing ag ent and polymerization initiator. The curing agent is aliphatic polyamine curing agent and aromatic amine curing agent. The aliphatic polyamine curing agent is chosen from diethylenetriamine, diethylene tetramine, diethylaminopropylamine, methane diamine, N-aminoethylpiperazine, m-xylene diamine, and isophoron diamine. The aromatic amine curing agent is chosen from metaphenylene diamine, 4-4'-dimethylaniline and diaminodiphenylsulfone. The acryl-based polymer contains 1-20% carboxyl group in the chain terminal. The polymerization initiator is chosen from dibenzoyl peroxide, succinic peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, d-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butyl peroxy)hexane, ( alpha )-cumyl peroxy-neodecabonate, 1,1-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutyl peroxy-2-ethyl hexanoate, t-amyl peroxy-benzoate, t-butyl peroxy-pivalate, 2,5-dihydroxyperoxy-2,5-dimethyl hexane, cumene hydroperoxide-dimethyl hexane, t-butyl hydroperoxide, 1,1-di-(t-amyl peroxy)-cyclohexane, 2,2-di-(t-butylperoxy)butylate, ethyl-3,3-di-(t-butylperoxy)-buthylate, di(n-propyl)peroxy-dicarbonate, di(sec-butyl)peroxy-dicarbonate and di(2-ethylhexyl)peroxy-dicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acryl-based polymer is acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer and acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylic acid terpolymer having weight average molecular weight of 2000-2000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salts of cerium, gadolinium and nickel comprise cerium nitrate hexahydrate, gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate and nickel nitrate hexahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding hydrochloric acid aqueous solution in surfactant ethanol solution. The side surfaces of the solid electrolyte are heat-treated. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the waste polypropylene plastic, waste polyethylene plastic and phosphorus slag fine powder is 45-60 pts. wt., 20-30 pts. wt. and 20-35 pts. wt., respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The oxide transparent conductive substrate of the solar cell is indium-doped tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, or indium-tin-antimony-doped zinc oxide conductive glass, or transparent flexible plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic active layer of the solar cell comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and fullerene derivative, preferably poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):1',1",4',4"-tetrahydro-di(1,4)methanonaphthaleno(5,6)fullerene-60C, or poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)):(6,6)-phenyl-71C-butyric acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The electron blocking layer has thickness of 5-20 nm. Preferred Layer: The solar cell device further has hole blocking layer containing zinc acetate between active layer and electron buffer layer. Preferred Process: The hole blocking layer is formed by mixing water and acetic acid solution in volume ratio of 1:2, and adding zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole buffer layer contains mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrene sulfonate)in mass ratio of 2:1-6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass powder is metal oxide (SiO2.Bi2O3.ZnO.B2O3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic vehicle comprises a resin component comprising acrylate resins, ethyl cellulose, and nitrocellulose resins, and the organic carrier solvents comprise butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, dibutyl phthalate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethyl methacrylate, and hydroxyethyl homogeneous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The manganese salt is manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride and/or manganese. The oxidizing atmosphere is air, oxygen or oxygen-containing mixed atmosphere. The lithium source is lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate and/or lithium acetate. The carbonate is sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbonate. The nickel salt is nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate and/or nickel chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing agent is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol dilute. The acid solution is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium Difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium triflate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonyl amide, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide and lithium perfluoromethylsulfomethanide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon ether sulfone compound is dimethoxy-ethyl vinyl, dimethoxy acrylic-based group, diethoxy based propyl butyl group, dipropoxybis butyl acrylic-based group, methoxyethoxy methyl vinyl propoxy group, ethyl acrylic diphenoxy group, benzophenone group or dimethoxyphenoxy-ethyl-propyl group. The additive is vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate. The non-aqueous organic solvents include carbonates, where the carbonate comprises a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, the annular carbonate is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonate, the chain carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, butylene carbonate and the cyclic carbonate. The non-aqueous organic solvents include carboxylic acid esters, ethers and aromatic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the antioxidant, light stabilizer, ultraviolet light absorber, coupling agent, crosslinking agent, lubricant and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is (0.1-1):(0.1-1):(0.1-1):(0.1-3):(0.1-1):(0.1-1):100. The lubricant is chosen from stearic acid, palmitic acid, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, butyl stearate, glycerol monostearate, stearic acid amide and oleamide. The antioxidant is chosen from 9 compounds e.g. tris(nonyl-substituted phenyl)phosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene and 2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol). The light stabilizer is chosen from 7 compounds e.g. 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, tris(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidinyl)phosphite, 4-(p-toluenesulfonylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, and bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate. The ultraviolet light absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole or 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine. The coupling agent is chosen from 10 compounds e.g. vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -(methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and gamma - aminopropyl-methyl-diethoxysilane. The crosslinking agent is chosen from 11 compounds e.g. bis(tert-butylperoxy)diisopropylbenzene, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, 2,2-bis(tert-butyl)butane and t-butyl hydroperoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The propylene polymer contains 80-96 wt.% structural unit derived from propylene, 2-6 wt.% structural unit derived from ethylene and 1-18 wt.% structural unit derived from 4-8C alpha -olefin. The propylene polymer has xylene soluble content of 2-15 wt.% and xylene insoluble content of 85-98 wt.%. The granularity of solid component is 8-100 microns. The amount of solid component having particle size of 14-30 microns is 50-100 volume%. The molar ratio of aluminum and titanium in organic aluminum compound is 10-500:1. The molar ratio of organic aluminum compound and external electron donor compound is 2-100:1. The gas-phase reactor is horizontal stirred bed gas-phase polymerization reactor. The amount of auxiliary agent is 0.05-5 pts. wt. with respect to total amount. The auxiliary agent comprises 0.01-5 pts. wt. antioxidant, 0.01-5 pts. wt. stabilizing agent, 0.05-1 pts. wt. opening agent and 0.05-1 pts. wt. lubricant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nano-SiO2 powder is added at a dosage of 3-5 mass %.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coupling agent consists of titanic acid ester coupling agent, and is added at a dosage of 30 % (based on the mass of nano-SiO2 powder).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PVDF and PVA are utilized based on a mass ratio of 8:2, 7:3 or 6:4 and a total dosage of 20 mass %.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The packaging film includes 0.5-5 pts. wt. titanium dioxide. Preferred Component: The plasticizer is MDT silicone oil. The crosslinking agent is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 1,1-(bis-tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexane and/or tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate. The antioxidant is tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol, dithionite phosphate, beta eta-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, beta eta-(4-hydroxy-3-tert-butylphenyl)propionate octadecanol ester, tris(nonylphenyl) ester, di(nonylphenyl)ester and/or tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite. The silane coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma -glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and/or vinyl trimethoxysilane. The light stabilizer is hindered amine bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate and/or polybutylene succinate(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine ethanol resin). The UV absorbent is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone, 2-(4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-(octyloxy)phenol, fumed silica and/or resorcinol monobenzoate ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nano oxide coating comprises nano titanium dioxide, nano tin dioxide, or nano zirconium dioxide having average particle size of less than 100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The isocyanate curing agent comprises toluene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, or isophorone diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The synthetic resin is hydroxy acrylic resin or hydroxy polyester resin. The weather-resistant layer comprises polyvinyl fluoride film, polyvinylidene fluoride film, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene film, or polyethylene terephthalate film. The adhesive layer comprises polyethylene (PE) film or PE/ethylene vinyl acetate composite film. The intermediate insulating layer comprises polyester film, polyamide film, or polyimide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickener is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid or the bonding agent is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, carboxypropyl methyl cellulose, styrenebutadiene rubber latex, polyvinyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol, and the solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The relative viscosity of the polyamide resin is 20 degrees C. The composition comprises nylon 6, nylon 66, and further comprises additive comprising nucleating agent, compatibilizing agents and pigment. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised (in wt.%): nylon 6 (100); polypropylene (10); glass fiber (30); heat-resistant agent (0.1); and release agent (0.1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lower layer and the upper layer are made of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride or silicon carbide oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is a glass substrate or a polymer substrate, where the polymer substrate is made of polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or polyethersulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pigment is titanium oxide and/or zinc oxide. The average particle diameter of white pigment is 100-1000 nm. The coating layer has a thickness of 1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base film comprises hydrolysis-resistant polyester and has a thickness of 50-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The conjugated polymer is obtained by subjecting conjugate aromatic monomer of formula (Ic) or (IIc) to Suzuki coupling or Stille coupling copolymerization with pyridinophenanthridine-5-ketone monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base layer comprises polystyrene, polyamide, poly acrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, ethylene-vinyl acetate and oriented polystyrene. The sacrificial layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone or hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The ester is alcohol ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetic acid 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate, or butyl glycol acetic ester. The ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol ethyl ether or glycol methyl ether. The viscosity modifier is N-2-pyrrolidone or 3-methyl thiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polycarbonate is aliphatic, aromatic, or aliphatic-aromatic polycarbonate, preferably aromatic polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lanthanum-strontium-manganese complex powder is lanthanum-strontium-manganese complex (La1-xSrxMnO3-a, where x is 0.1-0.6 and a is not defined), lanthanum-strontium-cobalt complex (La1-xSrxCoO3-a), lanthanum-strontium-iron complex (La1-xSrxFeO3-a), lanthanum-strontium-cobalt-iron complex (La1-xSrxCoFeO3-a), lanthanum-strontium-chromium complex (La1-xSrxCrO3-a), manganese-cobalt oxide ((Mn,Co)3O4) or manganese-chromium oxide ((Mn,Cr)3O4). Preferred Properties: The particle diameter of lanthanum-strontium-manganese complex powder is 0.1-3 mu m. The particle diameter of lanthanum-strontium-manganese powder agglomerated powder is 10-80 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone or carboxymethyl cellulose. The dispersing agent is polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid or polyacrylamide. The content of dispersing agent is 0-15 %mass. The content of binder is 0-15 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive powder is silver, palladium, ruthenium, gold, nickel, copper, cobalt, manganese and tungsten. The glass powder comprises bismuth oxide. The additive is phosphorus, antimony, gallium, indium, tin, carbonate and phosphate salts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional additive is a dispersant and a thixotropic agent. The organic carrier is ethyl cellulose, epoxy resins, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl methacrylate, the organic solvent is diethylene glycol butyl ether, terpineol, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, iso-octanol and diethyl phthalate, and the dispersion agent is BYK2090 , BYK2163, BYK110, Dispers 610 (RTM: Wetting and dispersing additives), Dispers 650 (RTM: Wetting and dispersing additives) and Dispers 710 (RTM: Wetting and dispersing additives). The thixotropic agent is hydrogenated castor oil, polyamide waxes, organic bentonite, BYK410, Thixatrol P200X (RTM: Thixotropic agent), Disparlon 6900-20X (RTM: Anti-sagging/Anti-settling agent) and MT 6900-20X. The polymer is ethyl cellulose, the organic solvent is terpineol, and thixotropic agent is hydrogenated castor oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of corrosion prevention layer is selected from titanium, chrome, zirconium and silicon. The electron recombination barrier layer is made of titanium oxide or zinc oxide or chrome oxide or tungsten oxide or niobium. A substrate comprises stainless steel, iron, titanium, aluminum and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A transparent electrode is coated by a polymer substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The spray drying is performed by setting spray dryer inlet temperature at 190-210 degrees C and spray dryer outlet temperature at 100-120 degrees C to evaporate the solvent and to obtain the granules with 50-80 mu m average particle size. The molding process comprises pressing the granules through disk under a pressure of 40-50 MPa, and then performing hydrostatic pressure molding under pressure of 150-250 MPa. The one step calcination of blank is performed in air atmosphere and sintering is performed at 1500-1700 degrees C for 20-40 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The defoamer is octanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is polyvinyl alcohol. The dispersant is ammonium polymethacrylate. The addition amount of binder, dispersant and defoamer is 0.4-0.6 wt.% respectively, based on total weight of raw materials. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of triphenylphosphorane compound is 0.01-10 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. electrolyte. The electrolyte further contains lithium salt chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V), lithium fluoroantimonate(V), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone)imide, which is dissolved in solvent(s) chosen from gamma -butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. Preferred Definitions:    R=CHCN, CHCHO, CHCOCH 3, C(CH 3)CHO, CHCO 2CH 3, CHCOCO 2C 2H 5 or NSi(CH 3) 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of ceramic filler with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer matrix is 5-20 pts. wt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of lithium salt with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer matrix is 3-10 pts. wt. The ceramic filler is chosen from titanium dioxide, silica, alumina, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide and magnesium oxide. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium perchlorate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium-fluorine oxide (LiN(CxF2x+1SO2)(CyF2y+1SO2), where x,y are natural number), lithium chloride, lithium iodide, and lithium bis (oxalate) borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic solvent with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer matrix is 50-2000 pts. wt. The plasticizer is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl acetate and methyl propionate. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The oxide-type polymer is chosen from polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and glycidol. The polar polymer is chosen from polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylchloride. The content of oxide-type polymer, plasticizer and polar polymer with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer matrix is 1 or more pts. wt., 10-30 pts. wt. and 5-20 pts. wt, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive layer is made of 200-250 pts. wt. of polyacrylate pressure sensitive adhesive, 3-4 pts. wt. of curing agent, 10-12 pts. wt. of filler and 50-55 pts. wt. of solvent. The ink layer comprises 50-60 pts. wt. of electrolyte-resistant special ink, 11-19 pts. wt. of pigment, 15-20 pts. wt. of filling agent, 1-3 pts. wt. of anti-skinning agent, 4-8 pts. wt. of anti-transfer agent, 3-5 pts. wt. of anti-slipping agent, 11-16 pts. wt. of diluent, 20 pts. wt. of curing agent including solvent and 1 pts. wt. of isocyanate. The outer coating layer is made of ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer. The protective layer is made of transparent varnish. INORGANIC CHEMISITRY - Preferred Components: The filler is resistant pigment. The resistant pigment comprises 10-15 pts. wt. of pigment, 15-35 pts. wt. of dispersant, 2-6 pts. wt. of wetting agent and 50-65 pts. wt. of solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive material is made up of doped tin oxide, doped indium oxide or doped zinc oxide. The hetero-junction photovoltaic material layer is imide. The decorative layer in organic solar battery is made of ethylene di-oxygenthiofuran, polystyrene sulfonate, lithium fluoride, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. The organic photovoltaic active layer is provided with charge transport layer which is made of nickel oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal material is made up of aluminium, calcium, magnesium, nickel, silver or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An amount of the cross-linking agent is 1-5 pts. wt. about 100 pts. wt. of the ethylene vinyl acid copolymer. The ethylene vinyl acid copolymer has a water vapor permeability of less than or equal to 15 g/m2.24 hours. The cross-linking agent comprises peroxy group compound. The peroxy group compound has a 1 minute half-life temperature of 140-170 degrees C. Preferred Process: The method is performed at a temperature of 80-110 degrees C for 1-2 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phenoxy-substituted perylene imide group has structure of formula (I).R1, R2 = substituent group, H, amino group or a group having structure of formula (A)-(B);A = bridging group, preferably O, S , N, 1-20C alkyl, phenylene, fluorenyl group, 2,6-fluorenyl group, alkoxy group and/or phenyl group;B = electrochemical reactive group, preferably double bond, a triple bond, azido, carbazole, thiophene, pyrrole, aniline, or triphenylamine;X1, X4 = H or 1-20C alkyl group;X2, X3 = H, phenoxy group, pyridyl group or a group of formula (a);L = a bridging group, preferably O, S, N, 1-20C alkyl, phenylene, 1,7-fluorenyl group, 2,6-fluorenyl group, alkoxy or phenyl; andM = the electrochemical reactive group.The photoactive layer is an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material. The electron donor material is a conjugated polymer or a small organic molecule. Preferred Method: The photoactive layer is prepared forming electron donor material and electron acceptor material or a laminate from the electron donor material and the electron acceptor material in a mixed solution composed of an organic solvent, by spin coating, brush coating, spray coating, dip coating, roll coating, screen printing, printing, or ink-jet printing method to form an optical active layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mixed fabrics is obtained by weaving hybrid fiber obtained by continuous fiber woven fabrics including mixture of two or more components of glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, polyimide fiber or basalt fiber. The woven fabric is plain, twill, satin, flat three axial woven, mat pattern or double plain woven. The hybrid fiber is warp knitted, weft knitted, biaxial weft knitted, biaxial warp knitted multi-axial weft knitted fabrics. The composite material further comprises polyester, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyether ether ketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether sulfone, urea-formaldehyde resin, PVC, polypropylene, polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene ether or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic. The fiber-reinforced resin is obtained by pultrusion molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The bismuth glass powder has a grain diameter is 10 microns or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The spherical aluminum powder has a grain diameter (DN50) of 10 microns or less, and a tap density of 1.3-1.48 g/mL. The aluminum paste has a fineness of less than 20 microns and a viscosity of 25-55 Pa.second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The diluent is diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, terpineol, tributyl citrate, lauryl alcohol ester, castor oil, and/or cetyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises 3-12 pts. wt. intermediate, 3-12 pts. wt. diluent, 0.1-5 pts. wt. BYK 410 (RTM: dispersant), and 0.1-5 pts. wt. BYK 180 (RTM: dispersant). The weight ratio of polymer and solvent is 12-20:80-90.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas used during preparation of organic/inorganic hybridization solar cell is nitrogen gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent used during preparation of organic/inorganic hybridization solar cell is chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran and/or chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver salt is silver nitrate, silver perchlorate or difluoride. The carbon carrier is activated carbon, acetylene black, graphite or carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The protective agent is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium polyacrylate and gelatin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The inorganic film has a thickness of 2-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is phosphate antioxidant and/or hindered phenolic antioxidant. The light stabilizer is salicylic acid lipid, benzophenone, benzotriazole and/or hindered amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The PET polyester film layer comprises 30-60 pts. wt. PET resin, 20-50 pts. wt. fluorocarbon resin, 10-20 pts. wt. polyethylene naphthalate resin, 1-2 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 1-2 pts. wt. antioxidant and 0.1-0.5 pt. wt. light stabilizer. The adhesive layer comprises main agent which is polyurethane and curing agent which is isocyanate at mass ratio of 100:20-40, and further comprises polyurethane-based thermosetting adhesive or propylene-based thermosetting adhesive. Preferred Components: The fluorocarbon resin is polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE and/or fluorine rubber. Preferred Process: Drying is done at 70-100 degrees C for 3-5 minutes. Hot-press molding is done at 70-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is carbon fiber, talc powder, mica, wollastonite, titanium dioxide or glass fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grafting agent is acrylic acid, acrylic ester, maleic acid, maleic anhydride or methyl succinate. The initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is a mixture of methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and/or n-butyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: When pore-forming agent is dibutyl phthalate, extracting agent is ethanol. The organic solvent is mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, and acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin films (2) and (4) are polyethylene film and polypropylene film. The polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene films (1) and (5) contain polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene having molecular weight of 20000-60000. The polyethylene film or polypropylene film contains high density polyethylene or high-density polypropylene having average molecular weight of 100000-300000. When pore-forming agent is paraffin wax, extracting agent is acetone. Preferred Property: The high-strength polyfluortetraethylene substrate film has thickness of 2-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises preparing N,N'-bis(4-bromophenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine (II) by reacting N,N'-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine and 1,4-dibromobenzene in presence of 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, palladium(II) acetate and sodium carbonate, preparing 5,5'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylenebis(phenylazanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))dithiophene-2-carbaldehyde (III) by reacting (II) and 5-formylthiophen-2-ylboronic acid in the presence of palladium dichloride or 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene and potassium carbonate, preparing (2E,2'E)-tert-butyl 3,3'-(5,5'-(4,4'-(1,4-phenylenebis(phenylazanediyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2-cyanoacrylate) (IV) by reacting (III) and tert-butyl 2-cyanoacetate in presence of ammonium acetate and acetic acid, preparing (E)-3-(5-(4-((4-((4-(5-((E)-2-Carboxy-2-cyano-vinyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-phenyl)-phenyl-amino)-phenyl)-phenyl-amino)-phenyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid (V) by treating (IV) with trifluoroacetic acid, and converting (V) to (I). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further comprises coating the palladium on the surface of the filament.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of iodine and potassium iodide is 1:1-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gelling agent is chosen from polyethylene glycol 5000, polyethylene glycol 10000 and polyethylene glycol 20000. The concentration of polycarbonate is 0.01-0.1 mol/L of triiodide and 0.01-0.1 mol/L of iodide ion. The mass ratio of gelling agent and solvent is 1:0.25-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrothermal process is performed using titanium source, hydrochloric acid and deionized water in the volume ratio of 1:40:40. The graphene-titanium dioxide slurry is prepared using 0.5 g ethyl cellulose, 4.5 g ethanol, 8 g terpineol, 0.3 ml acetylacetone and 0.01 ml emulsifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon source is chosen from graphite, carbon black, superconductive carbon black, acetylene black and carbon nanotube. The zinc source is chosen from zinc oxide, zinc sulfide and zinc sulfate. The lead powder has oxidization rate of 65-80%. The barium sulfate is 2500 meshes fine barium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fiber is polyester fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium iron phosphate anode material is further doped with titanium or vanadium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The expanded perlite has particle diameter of 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The isocyanate is chosen from toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate or phenyl polyisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The chitosan has molecular weight of 10-100 and acetic acid content of 1-3%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic powder contains yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) powder or nickel oxide-8YSZ. The mass ratio of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia powder is 55:45. The ceramic powder has particle size of 0.02-1 mu m and specific surface area of 1-10 m2/g. The amount of ceramic powder is 15-30 volume% of water. The amount of ammonium polyacrylate dispersing agent is 1-10 %mass of water. The amount of bonding agent is 1-10 %mass of water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cross-linking agent is anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene or carbazole. The aromatic compound is furfural, benzaldehyde, trioxymethylene and formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent used in the preparation of polythiophene derivative is selected from chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, toluene or cyclohexanone. The solvent used in the preparation of fullerene derivative is selected from octyl mercaptan, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, dimethyl formamide or acetone. The substrate is cleaned using cleaning liquid, de-ionized water, ethanol or acetone and dried using nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface working layer comprises 80 pts. wt. zirconium oxide, 2 pts. wt. cerium oxide, 5 pts. wt. spodumene, and 13 pts. wt. corundum, and binder, and has a thickness of 0.3-4 mm. The substrate layer comprises 10-90 pts. wt. cordierite, 5-20 pts. wt. mullite, 5-25 pts. wt. corundum, 5-25 pts. wt. aluminum oxide, 5-10 pts. wt. kaolin, 5-10 pts. wt. activated magnesium oxide, 2-10 pts. wt. spodumene, and binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is water-soluble binder chosen from dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: The dispersing agent is carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The raising and lowering assembly is connected to broadband internet using the Wi-Fi card and Ethernet cable connection.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The cathode interface layer is zinc oxide-phosphate-polyfluoroethylenepropene composite material layer containing zinc oxide and polyfluoroethylenepropene in mass ratio of 100:1-1:100, preferably 6:1. Preferred Property: The cathode interface layer has thickness of 1-500 nm, preferably 100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is fluorine-doped substrate or tin oxide glass substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of dimethyl sulfoxide is 1-10 wt.% in dispersion. The dispersion is obtained by dispersing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofiber in methanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The diameter of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanofiber is 10-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The roasting temperature is 380-500 degrees C and roasting time is 1-10 hours. The temperature of washing water is 70-100 degrees C and washing is carried out for 5-12 times.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl acetamide or dimethyl formamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorinated organic substance is fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). Preferred Method: The weight ratio of fluorinated organic substance and anode powder is 1:2-1:7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (I) has an average molecular weight of 2000-50000, and a dispersion degree of 1-5. Preferred Composition: The negative photosensitive resin composition further comprises ethylenic unsaturated binding compound and photopolymerization initiator. The positive photosensitive resin composition further comprises a photoacid generator. Preferred Definitions:    Y1 = 1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutane, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclopentane, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, 4-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,2-dimethyl-benzene, 4-(1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl)-1,2-dimethyl-benzene, 4-(1-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl)-1,2-dimethyl-benzene, 4-(3,4-dimethylphenoxy)-1,2-dimethyl-benzene, bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methanone, 4-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfonyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene, 4-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl-1,2-dimethyl-benzene or 1,4,5,8-tetramethylnaphthalene.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substituted pi conjugated unit comprises aromatic ring, heterocyclic aromatic ring containing carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, heterocyclic aromatic ring containing carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen atoms, heterocyclic aromatic ring containing carbon and sulfur, or heterocyclic aromatic ring containing carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen atoms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The conjugated polymer is prepared by subjecting 5,10-dione-4,9-pyrene monomer and substituted pi conjugated unit to copolymerization reaction. Preferred Component: The 5,10-dione-4,9-pyrene monomer is N,N'-dialkyl-2,7-dihalo-5,10-dione-4,9-diazabicyclo pyrene, N,N'-dialkyl-2,7-bis(5-halo-2-thienyl)-5,10-dione-4,9-diazapyrene, or N,N'-dialkyl-2,7-bis(4-alkyl-5-halo-2-thienyl)-5,10-dione-4,9-diaza-pyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The filler is chosen from glass fiber, carbon fiber, talc powder, mica, wollastonite or titanium pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The grafting agent is chosen from acrylic acid, acrylic ester, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and methylene succinate. The initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The melting point of polyamide resin is 170-260 degrees C measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The polypropylene resin has melting point of 160-168 degrees C by differential scanning calorimetry and melt flow rate of 1-2 g/10 minutes. The polyethylene resin has melting point of 120-135 degrees C by differential scanning calorimetry and melt flow rate of 1-2 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent is dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, or diacetone alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The aqueous fluorine emulsion contains fluorine resin and acrylic resin, preferably vinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene terpolymer, and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene-olefin copolymer. The curing agent is mixture of blocked isocyanate and amino resin with weight ratio of 9:1-15:1. The polymer filler is acrylate polymer particles, polyacrylate polymer particles, fluorine-containing ethylenic based polymer particles, or polyamide particles. The average particle diameter of filler is 1-4 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent is butanone, ethyl acetate, and/or methyl isobutyl ketone. The silane coupling agent is epoxy siloxane, olefinic siloxanes, and alkane group in silicone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is methacrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer, butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer, and/or methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymer. The curing agent comprises blocked polyisocyanate and amino resin. The mass ratio of blocked polyisocyanate and amino resin is 9:1-15:1. The filler may be acrylate polymer particles with average particle diameter of 1-4 mu m, preferably fluorine-containing vinyl polymer particles or polyamide particles. The adhesive layer is polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral alcohol, or olefin polymer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene homopolymer is metallocene polyethylene with less than 0.9 g/cm3 density. The propylene homopolymer is isotactic polypropylene. The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is ethylene and alpha -olefin. The alpha -olefin is propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-eicosene, 1-tetracosane or 1-octacosane. The additive is nucleating agent, coupling agent, activator, free-radical UV absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, plasticizers, chain extenders, flame retardant, filler, coloring agent and/or whitener. Preferred Composition: The polyolefin Y comprises 80-94 wt.% ethylene/1-octene copolymer, 1-15 wt.% ethylene/propylene/1-butene copolymer, 0.03-0.5 wt.% radical initiator, 1-5 wt.% vinyl silane and 0.1-0.4 wt.% antioxidant. The packaging film includes 0-40 wt.% double-bonded unsaturated polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antimony source is antimony trichloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The preparation comprises adding transition metal salt solution into nitrogen-containing and/or boron organic precursor solution A, stirring for more than 0.5 hour, mixing uniformly, and obtaining solution C; adding carbon to solution C, mixing uniformly to obtain mixture D; reacting mixture D under protection of inert atmosphere, using microwave radiation at 40-150 degrees C for not less than 10 second, reacting and stopping repeatedly for two times, and obtaining mixture E; mixing mixture E with water, ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol, filtering, vacuum drying to obtain solid matter solid powder F; and drying and roasting solid powder F in inert atmosphere at 500-1500 degrees C and/or reducing atmosphere at least 0.5 hour and obtaining solid powder. Preferred Components: The nitrogen-containing organic precursor is ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, ethylene diamine, urea, thiourea, melamine, polyacrylonitrile or pyrrole; boron-containing organic precursor is trichloro-boron nitrogen compound, boric acid, sodium borate, boric acid iron and/or phenyl boride; and carbon is silica, graphite carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon microsphere, mesoporous carbon, graphite, carbon aerogel and carbon fiber. The metal salt is IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, and/or IIB soluble metal salt; soluble metal salt is metal nitrate, sulfate, acetate, halide and/or acetylacetonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal element is iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, copper, zinc, iridium, vanadium, chromium, manganese and/or titanium. The inert atmosphere is nitrogen, argon gas and/or helium; and the reducing atmosphere is ammonia gas or atmosphere acetonitrile. The solution A and solution B is 1-8C polyol, 2-8C alcohol or 3-8C trihydric alcohol. The fuel cell comprises cathode, anode and polymer electrolyte membrane between cathode and anode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The lithium secondary battery has a coulombic efficiency of 80% or more and an initial capacity of 1500 mAh/g or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Element (M) is magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radon, scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, rutherfordium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, dubnium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, seaborgium, technetium, rhenium, bohrium, iron, lead, ruthenium, osmium, hassium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, boron, aluminum, gallium, silicon, tin, indium, germanium, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, sulfur, selenium, tellurium and/or polonium. The average particle diameter of silicon particles is 1-100 mu m. The metallic catalyst comprises gold, silver, palladium, platinum, copper, nickel and/or aluminum. The average diameter of metallic catalyst is 1-500 nm. Carbon is coated on the surface of silicon nanostructure to a thickness of 3-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The secondary encapsulating material sheet has melt flow index of 0.7-50 g/10 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary encapsulating material sheet contains ethylene vinyl acetate resin. The white inorganic particle is titanium oxide having average particle diameter of 0.1-1 mu m. The secondary encapsulating material sheet contains 100 pts. wt. ethylene vinyl acetate resin and 1-15 pts. wt. white inorganic particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resistance films and the base film are made of one of PTFE, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene- copolymer and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Main chain of conjugated polyelectrolyte is poly(5-methoxy-2-(3-acid-propoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), poly(2,5-(-3-acid-propoxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene), or poly(5-methoxy-2-(4-sulfonic acid butyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene). Oxidant is sodium thiosulfate, ammonium persulfate, ferric trichloride, and/or methyl benzene sulfonate. Solvent is water, methanol, or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Parameters: Grain diameter distribution is 10 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell encapsulant has initial color value (basterisk) of 0.3 or less and amount of change in color difference value of 0.15 or less. The ultraviolet absorber is benzophenone-based compound or salicylic ester-based compound. The hindered amine light stabilizer is hindered amine-based compound. The encapsulant further contains 1-5 pts. wt. crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The present amount of solid lubricant is 6-10 vol.% and abrasive is 10-14 vol.%. The material further includes 19-22 vol.% of friction modifier such as cashew dust and rubber, 7-12 vol.% of filler including calcium hydroxide, barite and their mixtures, 15-18 vol.% of binder including commercial phenol resin, and a textile material including Kevlar (RTM: para-aramid synthetic fiber), ceramic fiber, potassium titanate and their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The heat-conductive glue is glass fiber, and has heat conductive coefficient of 1.2-1.4 W/m.K.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The device main component is battery, circuit board and light-emitting diode lamp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fatty acid is nonanoic acid and/or octanoic acid. The fatty alcohol is octanol and/or decanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of the rubber layer is 0.05-0.4 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The adsorbent carrier is absorbent fiber cloth, and has surface density of 77-87 g/m2 and thickness of 0.4-2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The rotating shaft is formed of magnesium aluminum alloy material. The blade is formed of titanium alloy material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filling material formed of epoxy resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The fabric substrate is cotton, wool, silk, linen, nylon, vinylon, polypropylene fabric and polyurethane fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The natural graphite has an average particle size of 5-15 mu m. The content of graphite catalyst is 0.5-10% of the content of natural graphite. The graphite catalyst is silicon, iron, or tin oxide or carbide. It is silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, iron oxide (Fe2O3), and/or tin oxide (SnO2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The binder is asphalt, coal tar, or resin. It has a particle diameter of less than or equal to 15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is glass fiber, carbon fiber, talc powder, mica, wollastonite or titanium pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The grafting agent is acrylic acid, acrylic ester, maleic acid, maleic anhydride or methylene succinic acid. The initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler may be talc, mica, wollastonite, or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grafting agent is acrylic acid, acrylic ester, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, or methylene succinic acid. The initiator is di-t-butyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The filler is glass fiber or carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polyurethane polymer is prepared by:(A) adding water in a container, then adding isocyanate, hydroxypolysiloxane, solvent and dibutyltin laurate under nitrogen protection at 70-80 degrees C for 2-5 hours;(B) adding polyol into the reaction system and continuously reacting for 1-3 hours to prepare polyurethane prepolymer;(C) adding alkyl alcohol in the prepolymer, raising temperature to 90-110 degrees C, continuously reacting for 3-5 hours to obtain product chain extender; and(D) adding adhesion promoter and uniformly stirring and curing while vacuum removing bubbles at 70-80 degrees C for 36-48 hours, where the solvent is dioxane, pyridine or methyl isobutyl ketone or mixture of polar solvent and nonpolar solvent, the polar solvent is toluene, xylene or chlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The EVA adhesive film comprises 20-35 mol.% EVA copolymer and 1-10 wt.% drying agent filler. The EVA film is further mixed with anti-aging agent and tackifier. The drying agent filler is porous silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, nanograde zeolite or activated carbon. The EVA adhesive film further comprises intermediate supporting body (6) and outer protective film (7). The intermediate supporting body is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material. The outer protective film is fluorine-containing film, preferably polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride or THV (RTM: polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of low polar-waterproof substance is preferably 5-10 wt.%. The white pigment is titanium dioxide pigment, zinc oxide pigment, or lithophone pigments.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyvinyl butyral resin is preferably 70-75 wt.%. The polyvinyl butyral composition further comprises 25-35 wt.% plasticizer, 0.01-1 wt.% heat stabilizer, 0.01-1 wt.% light stabilizer, and 0.1-50 wt.% white pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reinforcing filler is chosen from calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, white carbon black, diatomite, silicon micropowder, kaolin, mica, talc, and silicon resin. The condensation-type silicone catalyst comprises organic tin catalyst, organic titanium catalyst, amine and/or platinum compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing raw material comprises 4.1 wt.% vegetable oil, 6.2 wt.% solvent, 4.97 wt.% modifier, 0.12 wt.% platinum catalyst, 0.41 wt.% condensation-type silicone catalyst, 67.8 wt.% hydroxy silicone oil, and 16.4 wt.% reinforcing filler. The vegetable oil is chosen from tung oil, soybean oil, castor oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, rapeseed oil, and waste oil. The modifier is chosen from heptamethyltrisiloxane, dimethyl ethoxy silane, methyl diethoxy silane, triethoxysilane, dimethyl-methoxy silane, methyl dimethoxy silane, and trimethoxysilane. The solvent contains benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, cyclohexanone, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, allyl polyether, and/or phthalic acid dimethyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator is potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The doped acid is chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, salicylic acid and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. The dye is bis(tetrabutylammonium) dihydrogen-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) or N3-type ruthenium based dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The natural algae cell is Chlorella, Oculata, cracking kettle algae or golden alga.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of formaldehyde solution and deionized water is 1:1. The molar ratio of potassium permanganate and sodium sulfate in mixed solution is 1:1. The total amount of potassium permanganate and sodium sulfate in mixed solution is 0.1-5 mol/L. The mass ratio of carbon source and natural algae cell precursor adsorbed with the manganese dioxide is 0.5 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing carbon source is glucose, citric acid, polyvinyl alcohol or polystyrene. Water or N,N-dimethylformamide is used as solvent during preparation of spherical hollow porous manganese oxide/carbide composite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The core is chosen from lithium iron phosphate or its dopant, lithium manganese phosphate or its dopant, lithium manganese silicate or its dopant, or lithium iron silicate or its dopant. The metal oxide is chosen from lithium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, zirconium, niobium or their oxide. The metal salt is chosen from lithium, magnesium, calcium, titanium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, zirconium, niobium or their salt. The metal salt is carbonate, nitrate, sulfate or chloride. The amount of core is 85-99.5 wt.%. The amount of shell is 0.5-15 wt.%. The weight ratio of carbon and metal compound is 0.1-9.8:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mixing medium used for material is water, alcohol or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The lead oxide-containing glass frit system (s1) contains 30-60 mol% lead oxide, 1-15 mol% alumina, 20-40 mol% silica, 10-30 mol% boron oxide, 0.5-5 mol% titania and 0.1-10 mol% barium oxide. The non-lead oxide system (s2) containing barium oxide glass frit comprises 0.1-5 mol% alumina, 1-20 mol% silica, 10-40 mol% boron oxide, 0.1-10 mol% barium oxide, 20-50 mol% zinc oxide and 0.1-10 mol% lithium oxide. The non-lead oxide-type barium oxide-free glass frit contains 1-10 mol% alumina, 15-25 mol% silica, 35-45 mol% boron oxide, 1-15 mol% bismuth oxide and 10-20 mol% zinc oxide. The content of aluminum powder is 60-78 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of organic vehicle is 20-35 wt.%. The organic vehicle contains 1-25 wt.% polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic/inorganic multi layer microporous film has a structure of formula ((FA-R)pR1q-(M-Xr)s) (I). The coupling agent is of formula R2-((FB)n) (II). The porous base material includes polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, polyester, the nylon, the polyimide, polystyrene and cellulose. The porous base material has thickness of 1-100 mu m, pore size of 0.01-10 mu m and porosity of 10-90%. The surface of the porous base material is treated with corona, plasma, UV ray and ozone treatment. The inorganic particle has size of 0.001-10 mu m. The thickness of the organic/inorganic multi layer microporous film is 2-150 mu m.M = Si, Ti or Zr;P = mineral particles of metal components;X = halo, alkoxy, acetate, phosphate, phosphite, sulfate or sulfonyl;FA = chemical bonding group;R, R1 = hetero or hydrocarbon;p = 1-100000;r = 1-10;s = 1-100000;q = 0-1;R2 = hetero or hydrocarbon; andn = 2-100000. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Automatic solar energy light emitting film contains 5-30 wt.%, preferably 10-30 wt.% fluorescent powder and balance base material which is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), glass or polyurethane (PU).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is titanium, copper, stainless steel, nickel, silver or silicon. The amount of UV absorber is 30.01-40 wt.%. The UV absorber can be replaced by 0.01-40 wt.%, preferably 30.01-40 wt.% fluorescent whitening agent. The UV absorber and fluorescent whitening agent can be used simultaneously. Preferred Method: The one surface or both surfaces of the film are sputtered by a layer of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The UV absorber includes 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone, cyclamen aldehyde or 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base material is polyethylene terephthalate, poylvinyl butyral, PVC, glass or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking curing agent is tertbutyl-ethyl-hexyl carbonate, cross-linking curing accelerating agent is trimethylolpropane trimethyl acrylic ester, and tackifier is 3-methyl propylene acyloxy propyl trimethoxy silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The UV absorbing agent is phenyl ketone, benzotriazole, substituted propylene or triazine. The antioxidant is aromatic amine or hindered phenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The center metal of the organic-type metallic compound is aluminum, silicon, tin, or magnesium. The active material of the positive electrode is transition metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of organic-type metallic compound contained in the electrolyte solution is preferably 0.0001-0.5 mol/L. The organic-type metallic compound is of formula (I). The metallic compound has a partial structure of formula: M-NR3R4 (II). The partial structure (II) contained in the metallic compound is preferably of formula: M-(NR3R4)q (III), or (NR3R4)q1-M(-NR3R4-)q2M-(NR3R4)q3 (IV). The organic-type metallic compound (I) is preferably of formula (V), or (VI).M=metal element;R1=alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, amide, acyloxy, cyano, carboxyl, carbonyl, sulfonyl, phosphinyl, or halogen atom;a= 0-5;X,Y= alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, alkylamino, sulfonate, halogen atom, aryl, or heteroaryl;m+n=0-3;T1=H, methyl, n-butyl, alkylamino, or group of formula (VII);b=0-5;N=nitrogen atom;R3,R4=H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylsilyl, or halogen atom;R3+R4=aliphatic or aromatic ring;q=2-4;q1-q3=2 or 3;andX1,Y1=alkoxy, thioalkoxy, or alkylamino.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolyte solution further comprises a polymeric compound. Preferred Definitions:    R3,R4=alkyl, or alkylsilyl;    m=0;and    n=0 or 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin foaming material comprises polyolefin and modified polyolefin containing polar group. The composite film optionally comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate film having adhesiveness. Preferred Property: The composite film has thickness of 0.2-1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The outer protective layer comprises co-extruded 10% white polyvinylidene fluoride film and 90% polymethyl methacrylate. The inner protective layer comprises co-extruded 30% white polyvinylidene fluoride film and 70% polymethyl methacrylate. Preferred Components: The first adhesive layer and second adhesive layer are polyurethane adhesive layers obtained by performing high-temperature curing of resin-containing curable functional group which is amino or carboxyl, and isocyanate curing agent which is hexamethylene diisocyanate including dimers and trimers, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate or 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate. The base material is biaxially-stretched poly(ethylene terephthalate) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt forming agent is triethylamine. The low boiling point organic solvent is acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The molecular weight of polyester polyol is 500-2000, preferably 600-1000. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of polyester polyol and polyether glycol is 1:9-10:1, preferably 1:4-5:1. The polyester polyol with carboxyl or sulfonic group is unica-500, unica-1000, unica-2000 or BY3301 (RTM: polyester polyol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of palladium platinum metal complex based on the total mass of the catalyst is 20-50%. The M1 and M2 can be same or different. The amount of palladium and platinum are respectively 0.5-3% and 0.5-2%. The carrier is activated carbon, graphite carbon, carbon black or mesoporous carbon. The particle size of the active component is 1-3 nm. The acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid. The concentration of the acid is 0.1-5 mol/l. The salt is hydrochloride or nitrate. The concentration of metal ions in the mixed salt solution is 10-1000 mg/l. The redox agent is hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and/or perchlorate. The mol ratio of redox agent and carrier is 1:10-100. The organic dispersion protective agent is hydroxypropyl- beta -cyclodextrin, phthalic acid, sodium citrate, glyceryl laurate, butyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, o-phenanthroline and/or polypyrrole. The solvent can be single or a mixture of atleast two solvents. The amount of organic dispersion protective agent is 0.005-0 08 mol. The reducing agent is sodium borohydride, where the mol ratio of sodium borohydride and the total metal ions in the step (b) is 5-50:1. The concentration of sodium borohydride is 0.1-0.5 mol/l. The alkali is potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or potassium phosphate solution. The concentration of alkali is 5-25%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The azobisisobutyronitrile having an active oxygen content of 6%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The tetrafluoroethylene monomer has chromatographic peak signal oxygen of less than 20 ppm. Preferred Method: The polymerization reaction is carried out at 1.5-2 mPa for 3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Mica powder comprises mica powder, silane coupling agent 151 and ethyl methacrylate at ratio of 100:1.5:30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is dihexyl adipate, triethylene glycol di-ethylhexanoate, benzimidazolone yellow, dioctyl sebacate, dioctyl phthalate or dibutyl sebacate. The antioxidant is chosen from beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)octadecanol propionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) N,N-hexamethylene-1,6-bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide), ethylenebis(oxyethylene)bis(3-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl)propionate) or tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate. The ultraviolet-ray absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-amyl phenol, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone or 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol. The additive has particle size range of 1-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the current collector is 8 mu m. Preferred Composition: The cathode material is lithium metal. The lithium source is capable of providing lithium-containing alloy or lithium-containing compound. The sulfur composite material is sulfur-containing active material and conductive carrier compound. The sulfur-containing active material is elemental sulfur, lithium-sulfur compound (LiSn, where n is 8) or organic sulfide. The conductive carrier is carbon material or conductive polymer. The carbon material is ordered porous carbon, cubic carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon ball or active carbon. The sulfur content of active material is 20-80 wt.%. The conductive agent is acetylene black or conductive carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is ether-type electrolyte. The electrolyte contains lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate. The electrolyte solvent contains tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and/or 1,3-dioxolane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene or polyacrylonitrile. The bonding agent is polyvinylidene fluoride-N-methyl pyrrolidone solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The bearing surface and the further bearing surface is formed of non-elastomer material such as steel, tungsten carbide, cobalt and chromium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resiliently deformable element formed of elastomer material such as natural rubber, neoprene and polypropelene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Process: The solar cell module is formed by laminating the solar cell element with crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The organic peroxide has 1-minute half life temperature of 100-170 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The content of organic peroxide is 0.1-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymers. The solar cell sealing material further contains 0.1-5 pts. wt. silane coupling agent and 0.005-0.5 pts. wt. phosphorus stabilizer with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell sealing material further contains 0.005-0.1 pts. wt. hindered phenol stabilizer, 0.05-5 pts. wt. crosslinking adjuvant and 0.01-2.0 pts. wt. hindered amine light stabilizer with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell sealing material contains 0.05-5 pts. wt. ultraviolet absorber with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymers. The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer has 80-90 mol% structural unit derived from ethylene, and 10-20 mol% structural unit derived from 3-20C ( alpha )-olefin. Preferred Properties: The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer has melt flow rate of 10-50 g/10 minutes, preferably 10-27 g/10 minutes measured based on ASTM D1238 at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16-kg, density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 measured based on ASTM D1505, and Shore A hardness of 60-85 measured based on ASTM D2240. Preferred Process: The solar cell sealing material is obtained by extrusion molding the melt-kneaded ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer, organic peroxide, and ultraviolet absorber in a sheet form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The conductive material (a) comprises a metal having resistivity of less than 15 mu ( Omega ).cm, preferably silver, aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium and/or their alloys, more preferably silver or silver alloy. The conductive material (b) comprises a metal having resistivity of less than 100 mu ( Omega ).cm, preferably copper, nickel, tin, titanium, aluminum and/or their alloys, more preferably copper or copper alloy. The metallic glass comprises aluminum-based metallic glass, copper-based metallic glass, nickel-based metallic glass, titanium-based metallic glass, tin-based metallic glass, cerium-based metallic glass, strontium-based metallic glass, gold-based metallic glass, ytterbium-based metallic glass, zinc-based metallic glass, calcium-based metallic glass, magnesium-based metallic glass, platinum-based metallic glass, zirconium-based metallic glass and/or iron-based metallic glass. Preferred Properties: The metallic glass has a glass transition temperature of 50-800 degrees C. The primary layer has a thickness of 0.1-50 mu m. The secondary layer has a thickness of 0.2-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Plating solution used in manufacture of electrode is basic plating solution or acidic plating solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A buffer layer contained in the electronic device comprises polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gutter-like flashing element is made of a single piece of material e.g. polymer and metal material such as aluminum and aluminum alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The width of the recess is 50-1000 nm. The solar cell has an insertion containing cesium carbonate, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and lithium fluoride, and material chosen from (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)), indium tin oxide, molybdenum trioxide, tungsten trioxide, vanadium oxide, nickel oxide and ruthenium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron oxide composite material is a carbonaceous substrate that is combined with iron oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The elemental iron is nano level iron powder, sub-micron level iron powder, iron powder, iron, electrolytic iron powder, reduced iron, carbonyl iron powder and atomized iron powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is selected from a group consisting of water, alcohol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl ether and triethylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The precursor comprising polymer containing oxygen group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The functional additive is tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride and/or polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crystalline material of buffer layer is polythiophene thiophene benzodiazepine-dithieno benzothiadiazole, thiophene benzodiazepine- polythiophene or thiophene germanium-thiophene pyrrolidone. The crystalline substance in active layer is (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyrate dendrimer or oxetane(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butadiene vinyl ester dendrimer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in the metal foam is chosen from titanium, nickel, copper, aluminum, zirconium, tungsten, cobalt, manganese, chromium, silver, gold, tantalum, niobium, silicon, iridium, molybdenum, zinc, tin, antimony, stainless steel and alloys. The catalyst layer contains platinum catalyst and platinum-metal (M) alloy catalyst. The metal (M) in the catalyst layer contains copper, cobalt, nickel, palladium, manganese, chromium and iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The quantum dot nano-particle is made of indium gallium nitride, gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, cadmium sulphide, cadmium selenide, zinc sulphide, zinc selenide, indium arsenic nitride, indium gallium arsenide and selenium. The transparent electrode is made of indium tin oxide, 4-ethylene dioxygenthiofuran, polystyrene sulfonate, molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, and nickel oxide. The electron transport layer is made of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, lithium fluoride, cesium carbonate and diisopropoxy-di-acetylacetone titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen atom of the generating the total weight of the catalyst is 0.2-15 wt.%. The surface active agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene, and/or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene. The oxidizer is ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium dichromate, potassium iodate and/or potassium permanganate. The transition metal salt is nitrate, sulfate, acetate, halide, acetylacetonate, macrocyclic complex porphyrin, phthalocyanine of sesbania; and transition metal is iron, cobalt, chromium, nickel, vanadium, copper, manganese, tungsten and/or titanium. The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid and/or phosphoric acid; and solvent is water, ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol. The inert gas is nitrogen, argon or helium, and the drying temperature is 50-140 degrees C. The surface active agent is benzene sodium, sodium sulfate, polyethylene and/or P123 (RTM: polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene). The polyol is 1-8C polyol, 2-8C alcohol or 3-8C trihydric alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tunnel junction is formed of indium gallium arsenide crystal or germanium crystal. The dielectric film is formed of silicon dioxide or polyimide. The substrate is formed of gallium arsenide crystal or germanium crystal material. The 3 radial pn junction solar cell material bottom layer to top layer is formed of germanium, indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, or indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide. The 4 radial pn junction solar cell material from bottom layer to top layer is formed of germanium, nitrogen indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium phosphide, or indium gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, gallium arsenide and indium gallium phosphide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent electrode is made of nickel-gold alloy or indium tin metal oxide. The back electrode is made of nickel-gold alloy or molybdenum titanium-molybdenum-gold alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyolefin microporous membrane has thickness of 7-40 mu m, and porosity of 25-50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During dispersion of sealing material powder into mixed solvent, dispersant is added. Preferred Composition: The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent (A) is benzene, alkyl benzene and/or halogenated benzene. The mixed solvent is xylene/butyl acetate. The content of mixed solvent is 10-40 wt.%. The addition amount of dispersant is 10 wt.%. The mass ratio of aromatic hydrocarbon solvent (A) and ester (B) is 1:0.5-2. The addition amount of binder and addition amount of plasticizer is 1-10 wt.% and 1-10 wt.%, respectively. The amount of waste material recycled from the mixed solvent is 10-50 wt% of total weight of mixed solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The solar cell assembly is formed by coating with titanium dioxide nanoparticles-and-hydrogen titanate nanotubes-containing film on electrode material, immersing in 0.01-1 M titanium tetrachloride solution at 20-90 degrees C for 10-120 minutes and calcining at 450-550 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours, to obtain sensitized electrode material, providing sensitized electrode material in solution containing 0.1-1 mM N719-type and D131-type mixed dye in acetonitrile solution and soaking for 6-48 hours, providing platinum electrode, injecting liquid electrolyte solution and assembling, to obtain sandwich structure of dye-sensitized solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The titanium dioxide nanoparticles-and-hydrogen titanate nanotubes-containing film has thickness of 2-30 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode layer is made of aluminum, silver, calcium, gold or platinum. The electronic cushion layer is made of lithium fluoride, lithium carbonate, cesium carbonate and/or cesium. The material of anode layer is indium tin oxide. Preferred Property: The thickness of protective layer is 10-60 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active layer is made of poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly-2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctylamineyloxy)phenylenevinylene or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-vinyl-hexyloxy)polyparaphenylenevinylene styrene). The cavity buffer layer is 3,4-ethylene thiophene and/or sodium benzene sulfonic acid. The material of protection layer is sulfur trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, pentacene, poly trihexyl thiophene or poly (3,4-dioxoethyl)polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The anode substrate is made of indium-tin oxide glass, indium oxide glass, or glass or fluorine-doped tin oxide aluminum glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron-buffer layer is made of lithium, cesium, cesium hydrogen carbonate, or lithium nitrate. The cathode layer is made of aluminum, silver, gold or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The buffer layer is made of 3,4-ethylene thiophene or sodium benzene sulfonic acid. The active layer material is a poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctylamine oxy)ethylene)-p-phenylene or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-vinyl-hexyloxy)-poly-p-phenylenevinylene). The electron-transport layer is made of the 8-hydroxy-quinoline aluminum, 4,7-1,10-phenanthroline, 1,2,4-triazole derivative or N-aryl benzimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The transition metal oxide glass contains vanadium, and tellurium and/or phosphorus, and silver, iron, tungsten, copper, alkali metal, and/or alkaline-earth metal. The transition metal oxide glass contains vanadium oxide, tellurium oxide, phosphorus oxide, and iron oxide, in a total content of 75 %mass or more. The transition metal oxide glass contains 35-55 %mass vanadium oxide, 19-30 %mass tellurium oxide, 7-20 %mass phosphorus oxide, and 5-15 %mass ferric oxide, and tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, tantalum oxide, manganese oxide, antimony oxide, bismuth oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, silver oxide, and/or potassium oxide in a sum total content of 25 %mass or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metallic component comprises aluminum (alloy).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total amount of the electrochemically-utilized electrode lithium is 4-99 wt.%, preferably 95-99 wt.% with respect to total amount of electrode lithium. The additive contains lithium. The nitrogen-containing additive is chosen from lithium nitrate, potassium nitrate, cesium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrite, potassium nitrite, cesium nitrite, ammonium nitrite, aminoguanidine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine nitrite, guanidine nitrite, nitramine, isonitramine, nitramide, organic and inorganic nitroso-compound, nitronium salt, nitrosonium salt, nitrone, nitrolic acid salt and ester, hydroxylamine and hydroxylamine derivative. The sulfur-containing additive is chosen from lithium persulfate, sodium persulfate, sodium hyposulfite, zinc hyposulfite, cobalt hyposulfite and ammonium sulfite. The concentration of at least one additive in the electrolyte medium is 0.0001-5 M, preferably 0.05-0.5 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic peroxide additive is chosen from benzoyl peroxide, methylethylketone peroxide and 2-butanone peroxide. The electrolyte medium comprises at least one nonaqueous solvent. The nonaqueous solvent is chosen from acyclic ether, cyclic ether, polyether, cyclic acetal, acyclic acetal and sulfone. The ionomer is halogen ionomer or hydrocarbon ionomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The halogen ionomer is sulfonate-containing fluoro-copolymer with fluorine located along a backbone and branching of the copolymer. The hydrocarbon ionomer is copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing component comprises a desiccated polyisobutylene-based material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The degassing time for thermocompression-bonding of vacuum laminator is 0.1-10 minutes at 120-180 degrees C. The pressing time of vacuum laminator at pressing pressure of 0.1-2 kgf/cm2 is 1-30 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A film (d) is polyester film having vapor deposition layer on single surface. The hot-melt-type adhesive bond layer (a) consists of epoxy-modified polyolefin resin composition. The film (b) is an insulating film chosen from polyester-based film and fluorine resin film. The film (c) is a weather-resistant film chosen from fluorine resin film, weather-resistant polyester-based resin film, fluorine coated polyester-based resin film, and weather-resistant polyester-based resin film performing fluorine coat. The film (d), which connects hot-melt-type adhesive bond layer (a) and hot-melt-type adhesive bond layer (e), is placed between the layer (a) and film (b). The layer (e) connects the film (d) and film (b). Preferred Process: The laminated material is laminated by extrusion lamination. Epoxy-modified polyolefin resin composition is obtained in presence of radical polymerization initiator by melt-kneading 1-30 pts. wt. epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer (a-2) and 1-30 pts. wt. aromatic vinyl monomer (a-3) with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyolefin resin (a-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surface protective layer with thickness of 0.03-5 mm consists of polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, and cyclic polyolefin type resin. The sealing layer with thickness of 0.03-5 mm consists of polyolefin resin. Preferred Process: Surface-protection material is manufactured by 2nd part adhesion process on which material for surface protective layers and material for sealing layers are partially attached using a roll with flat surface in the state which heated a part of material among the material for surface protective layers, and the material for sealing layers, and 3rd part adhesion process which attaches partially the material for surface protective layers, and material for sealing layers on surface using roll with which corrugated process is given in the state which heated a part of material among material for surface protective layers, and material for sealing layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive paste comprises: 19-68 wt.% of conductive powder; 0.1-8 wt.%, of glass frit; 2-10 wt.% of organic polymer; and 28-72 wt.% of solvent. The conductive powder comprises a metal comprising silver, nickel, copper, gold, platinum, palladium, and/or aluminum. The conductive powder is comprised of spherical particles. The conductive powder is comprised of particles with diameters of 0.5-5 mu m. The substrate is a semiconductor substrate (100), where the semiconductor substrate comprises a semiconductor layer and an insulating layer on at least one side surface of the semiconductor layer. EXAMPLE - 45 wt.% Of silver powder and 0.8 wt.% of lead-boron-silicon glass frit were dispersed into the mixture of 5.7 wt.% of ethylcellulose and 48.6 wt.% of terpineol and mixed for 15 minutes to form the conductive paste. The conductive paste was repeatedly passed through a 3-roll mill for 0-400 psi. Then the conductive paste obtained was screen printed by a thick film printer onto an insulating layer of a silicon nitride formed on a semiconductor substrate of silicon through a mesh screen mask with line patterns. The printed conductive paste was dried at 150 degrees C for 5 minutes in an oven. The dried conductive paste was then fired in a furnace at 945 degrees C to obtain the thick-film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hinge utilizes a flexible line treated with a polymer i.e. polyurethane. The resilient material is an elastomer i.e. polyurethane elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The connection conductor is flexible printed circuit board. The solar cell is back-contact type.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solder powder is tin-bismuth alloy, tin-indium alloy or tin-zinc alloy, preferably tin-bismuth alloy. The mass ratio of tin-bismuth alloy and silver powder is 2:1-1:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive adhesive contains acid anhydride-type hardening agent having flux activity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The back plate further consists of polyethylene film layer and a fluorine-containing film layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer base material of the multi-micro-bubble layer is polycarbonate, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, and/or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor is (6,6)-phenyl C71 butyric acid methylester (PC71BM). The weight ratio of electron donor and electron acceptor is 1:0.5-1:4. The photoelectric conversion layer is manufactured by inkjet printing method, a spin coating method, a screen printing method and a doctor blade method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Definitions:    R2 = H, F, Cl or Br; and    n = 3-300.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds of formula (I) are specifically claimed i.e. triisopropylsilyl ethynyl group substituted benzodithiophene-based conductive polymer of formulae (Ia)-(IIIa).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Plasma-treatment is carried out in an atmosphere containing 70 vol.% oxygen and 20 vol.% argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution comprises iodine, metal iodide and additive. The metal iodide is lithium iodide. The additive is chosen from 4-t-butylpyridine, guanidine thiocyanate and 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide. The concentration of the electrolyte solution is 2-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The gel is washed using polar solvent chosen from acetone and/or methanol, and dried. Preferred Composition: The solvent is gamma -butyrolactone or 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated proton-conducting polymer substrate is fluorine-based polymer having sulfone group, phosphate group or carboxyl group in terminal, preferably Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) or Hyflon (RTM: perfluoropolymer material). The weight ratio of fluorinated proton-conducting polymer substrate and silsesquioxane is 2-35:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred component: The anode includes lithium nickel manganese complex oxide with spinel structure of formulae (LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz) (I) and (LiaNibMn2-yO4) (II), preferably (LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O4) and (LiNi(0.4)Mn(1.6)O4). The cathode includes lithium metal oxide of formula (LicM1dO4-eAe) (III), where the lithium metal oxide is lithium titanium oxide of formulae (LifTigO4), preferably (Li(1.33)Ti(1.67)O4) and (LiTi2O4).M = Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, Ti or Bi;x = 0.9-1.2;y = 0-2;z = 0-0.2;A = anion with oxidation state -1 or -2;a = 0.9-1.2;b = 0.4-0.5;M1 = Ti, Sn, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, Fe, In, Al or Zr;c = 0.1-4;d = 0.2-4;e = 0-0.2;f = 0.5-3; andg = 1-2.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred component: The nonwoven fabric separation membrane is made of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, PTFE, polyvinylidine fluoride, and polyvinylchloride. Preferred method: The heat treating step is performed at a melting point of -20 degrees C to +20 degrees C. The pressurizing step is carried out at a pressure of 0-30 tons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises curing the heat sealable resin powder at a temperature of 70-110 degrees C, and modularizing the ethylene vinyl acetate sheet for the solar cell sealing material for vacuum time of less than 5 minutes and pressing time of less than 10 minutes. Preferred Components: The circular belt has a seamless external side with certain surface roughness, and is coated with Teflon (RTM: PTFE). The heat sealable resin powder has a particle size of 30-100 mesh. The sheet has a thickness of 0.4-0.9 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar cell comprises a light conversion active layer and fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises either reacting (4,8-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-6-trimethylstannyl-thieno(2,3-f)benzothiophen-2-yl)-trimethyl-stannane with 1,3-dibromo-6-octyl-1H-naphtho(2,3-c)thiophene-4,9-dione in the presence of toluene at 60 degrees C, or reacting (4,8-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-6-trimethylstannyl-thieno(2,3-f)benzothiophen-2-yl)-trimethyl-stannane with 1,3-dibromo-6-dodecyl-1H-naphtho(2,3-c)thiophene-4,9-dione in the presence of toluene at 60 degrees C. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 polymers are specifically claimed i.e. 1-(4,8-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-6-methyl-thieno(2,3-f)benzothiophen-2-yl)-3-methyl-7-octyl-benzo(f)(2)benzothiole-4,9-dione of formula (Ia) and 1-(4,8-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-6-methyl-thieno(2,3-f)benzothiophen-2-yl)-7-dodecyl-3-methyl-benzo(f)(2)benzothiole-4,9-dione of formula (Ib).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar cell comprises a light conversion active layer and fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting 3,6-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione compound of formula (II) with 2,6-bis(1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)naphthalene-1,4-diol compound of formula (III) in the presence of potassium phosphate, water and toluene at 60 degrees C for 30 minutes to obtain (I). N.B. R is not defined. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 polymer is specifically claimed that is 3-(5-(1,5-didecoxy-6-methyl-2-naphthyl)-2-thienyl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-6-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione of formula (Ia).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The decarboxylation reaction is carried out at 0-100 degrees C. The reduction reaction is carried out with reducing agent at 0-100 degrees C. The diazotization reaction is carried out with reagent at - 10 to - 20 degrees C. The diazotization reaction of aromatic amine (v) is carried out by carrying out tetrahydrocannabinol lithium aluminum/tetrahydrofuran reduction with aqueous sodium hydroxide at 0-100 degrees C. The alkaline catalyst reaction is carried out at 0-200 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The active layer comprises electron donor material and electron acceptor material. Preferred Component: The reducing agent is zinc powder, iron powder, magnesium powder, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, palladium on carbon/hydrazine hydrate, magnesium/hydrazine, iron/hydrazine hydrate and/or palladium on carbon/hydrogen. The diazotization reagent is sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and/or acetic acid. The iodo reaction solvent is ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, benzene, toluene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, chloroform and/or dichloroethane. The alkaline catalyst is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydride. The electron donor material is conjugated polymer or small organic molecules semiconductor material. The electron acceptor material is carbon-60 and its derivatives, carbon-70 and derivatives or inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 12 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed; e.g. 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-nitrophenyl)thio)benzene (Ia), 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-acetamido-4-nitrophenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-nitro-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar transmission plate is made up of glass or the polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass frit comprises (in mole%): bismuth oxide (15-25); silicon dioxide (10-15); aluminum oxide (5-15); boron trioxide (20-40); strontium oxide (1-10); calcium oxide (1-5); potassium oxide (1-5); lithium oxide (1-5); and zinc oxide (5-15). The organic vehicle comprises a polymer resin (1-25 wt.%), and an organic solvent (75-99 wt.%). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pH of solution (S1) is adjusted using alkali metal hydroxide. Preferred Composition: The alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hard phase comprises PVC, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane, polyolefin, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral and/or their ionomers. The polymer of the soft phase is polyolefins, polyacrylates and/or polyurethanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanowire comprises at least one silver nanowire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat curable monomer comprises at least three ether groups; at least one melamine monomer (preferably hexamethyoxymethylmelamine).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate comprises at least one polyester comprising at least 70 wt.% ethylene terephthalate repeat units. The first hydroxy-functional polymer comprises a cellulose acetate polymer, a cellulose acetate butyrate polymer, or a cellulose acetate propionate polymer. The first hydroxy-functional polymer comprises a hydroxyl content of at least 3 wt.% (preferably 4.8 wt.%), according to ASTM D817-96. The first cellulose ester polymer comprises a cellulose acetate polymer, a cellulose acetate butyrate polymer, or a cellulose acetate propionate polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: The battery preferably comprises a zinc anode; a metal oxide cathode; and an ionic liquid electrolyte comprising 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (HSO4) and polyvinyl alcohol. The cathode comprises MnO2 (70 wt.%), graphite (5 wt.%), and polyvinylidenefluoro-co-hexafluoropropylene (15 wt.%). The electrolyte comprises 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulfate (HSO4) (85 wt.%) and polyvinyl alcohol (15 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anion is selected from hydrogen sulfate, nitrate, dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium phosphate. The anode comprises zinc; cathode comprises PbO2 or MnO2; and the anion comprises hydrogen sulfate. The cation is 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid further comprises an anion (preferably mineral acid anion); and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Dicarboxylic acid component contains greater than or equal to 80 mol.% terephthalic acid and greater than or equal to 80 mol.% naphthalene dicarboxylic acid. Glycol component contains greater than or equal to 80 mol.% ethylene glycol, greater than or equal to 80 mol.% 1,4-butanediol 80 mol.%, and greater than or equal to 80 mol.% trimethylene glycol. Preferred Parameters: Polyester has intrinsic viscosity of 0.62-1 dl/g and acid value of less than or equal to 50 eq/tons. Film has light transmittance of greater than or equal to 80%. Film has whiteness of greater than or equal to 50. Film contains numerous fine cavities inside and has apparent density of 0.5-1.3 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin sealing sheet further contains 0.01-5 %mass silane coupling agent, and antioxidant, optical stabilizer and/or ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar vinyl compound comprises epoxy group and unsaturated polar group chosen from carboxylic anhydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin-type hot-melt resin is epoxy-modified polyolefin-type hot-melt resin. The polar resin is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate resin, nylon resin, polycarbonate resin, polypropylene resin and polyethylene resin. Preferred Process: The polyolefin-type hot-melt resin is modified by polar vinyl compound and aromatic vinyl compound. The epoxy-modified polyolefin-type hot-melt resin is obtained by melt-kneading 100 pts. wt. polyolefin resin and 0.5-30 pts. wt. epoxy group-containing vinyl monomer and 0-30 pts. wt. aromatic vinyl monomer in presence of radical polymerization initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The resin layer contains a pigment which is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The laminated material is formed from the resin composition in the presence of the isocyanate compound, and the resin layer has 2 or more isocyanate groups in a molecule. The resin layer is obtained by drying. The resin layer having thickness of 5-50 mu m is formed by coating the latex containing silicone modified acrylic resin on the base material. Preferred Composition: The base material consists of polyethylene terephthalate resin having hydrolysis resistance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide comprises aluminum atom as metal atoms. Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl acetal has acetalization of 55-85 mol%. The water vapor barrier layer has maximal absorption wavenumber of 1080-1130 cm-1 in infrared absorption spectrum of 800-1400 cm-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The laminated film is stacked on the water vapor barrier film by hot-laminating method. The methacryl resin layer and polyvinyl acetal layer are stacked on the coextrusion film. Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl acetal layer further comprises polyvinyl butyral and 5 mol% or less acetic acid group. The coextrusion film and water vapor barrier film are laminated by hot-laminating method. The water vapor barrier film has base material, and water vapor barrier layer laminated on the base material and comprising reaction product obtained by reacting metal oxide and phosphorus compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high thermal conductive sheet is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating sheet (13) is made of polyurethane foam, thermoplastic elastomer resin, thermoplastic polyurethane or styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solute is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, bis(oxalato)borate, lithium difluorophosphate, or lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The non-aqueous solvent is chosen from cyclic ester, chain-shaped ester, cyclic ether, chain-shaped ether, cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, sulfone, sulfoxide compound, and ionic liquids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of primary compound and secondary compound contained in the electrolyte solution is 0.01-5 %mass, with respect to the total amount of the electrolyte solution. The secondary compound is a fluorine-containing alkoxy-group-containing siloxane compound of formula: R9O-Si(-R11)(-R12)-(-O-Si(-R13)(-R14-))n-OR10 (III), or (IV).R9,R10,R15=alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl;andR11-R14,R16=alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, or aryl. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R8=methyl, ethyl, propyl, vinyl, aryl, or fluorine-containing alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The surface area of active material is 0.4-1.2 m2/g. The lithium metal oxide component is lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide-containing material, lithium cobalt oxide-containing material or lithium metal oxide-containing spinel material. The content of lithium metl oxide component (A) and lithium metal oxide component (B) is less than 25 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The cathode material is obtained using 3 wt.% conductive carbon and 2 wt.% polyvinylidene difluoride binder. The method further involves calendaring metallic surface, folding and pressing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The strong acid is hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, and/or sulfuric acid. The graphite has average diameter of 1-30 mu m, and specific surface area of 1000-3000 cm2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The foam layer comprises 10-20 pts. wt. AEO bulking agent, 10-20 pts. wt. hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5-10 pts. wt. sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2.5-5 pts. wt. hard sodium salt, and 40-60 pts. wt. water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Alternately, graphene oxide aqueous solution and titania mixed aqueous solution are injected, and an N-doped graphene-titania composite transparent thin film is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is sodalime glass, stainless steel sheet, aluminum foil or plastic sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The film-coating material comprises copper, zinc, tin and sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Composition: The ferric citrate culture medium comprises 10 g/l tryptone, 5 g/l yeast extract, 10 g/l sodium chloride, 20 mmol/l citric acid iron rust electron donor. The nutrient liquid comprises 30 mmol/l electron donor, 50 mmol/l phosphate buffered saline solution and small amount of vitamins and trace elements. Preferred Components: The electron donor in the nutrient liquid is citric acid salt, glucose, glycerine, lactic acid or glutamic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphate buffered saline solution comprises 0.31g/l ammonium chloride, 2.452 g/l sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 4.576 g/l disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.13 g/l potassium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microbial fuel cell is cylindrical in structure and made of polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoparticles are gold, silver, titanium, platinum, palladium, aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, iron, erbium, or europium nanoparticles. The metal oxide includes titanium oxide or zinc oxide. The substrate is coated with graphene through a chemical vapor deposition process and is coated with polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution with concentration of 0.5-1.5 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone. The composite film further comprises 0.5-2.0 wt.% initiator including diacyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, diethyl carbonate and/or ethyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Sulfonic acid-containing monomer is polystyrene sulfonic acid and/or sodium allyl sulfonate. Preferred Method: Treatment of alkali solution is carried out at 30-80 degrees C for 5-60 minutes. Drying temperature is 40-80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is quartz powder, mica powder, or crystal whisker silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The silane coupling agent is KH550, KH560, and/or KH570. The wetting dispersant is BYK-161 (RTM: solvent-based automotive paint wet dispersant), BYK-163 (RTM: nonionic dispersant), EFKA4061 (RTM: Not defined), EFKA4050 (RTM: polymeric dispersant), and/or EFKA4065 (RTM: Not defined). The diluent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, butyl acetate, or xylene. The pigment is titanium pigment or yellow, red, and green phthalocyanine blue. The aliphatic isocyanate is aliphatic isocyanate prepolymer having NCO content of 10-25%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The thixotropic agent is gas-phase polyethylene wax, silicon dioxide, polyamide wax, and organic bentonite. The polyester resin is linear or branched polyester having good flexibility. The delusterant is BYK-354 (RTM: Not defined), BYK-356 (RTM: Not defined), or EFKA-3777 (RTM: fluorocarbon-modified polymer). The defoaming agent is BYK-A530 (RTM: Not defined), BYK-066N (RTM: silicone defoamer), Foamex N, or 6800.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Inorganic particles are added to base layer. Preferred Composition: The addition amount of inorganic particles is 0.5-20 wt.%. The base layer has AB'A co-extruded structure. The addition amount of inorganic particles to layer (A) is 2.4-40%. The addition amount of inorganic particles to layer (B) optionally substituted 0.5-20%. Preferred Property: The thickness of base layer is 150-350 mu m. The thickness of layer (A) is 5-30 microns. The thickness of layer (B) is 90-340 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of maleic anhydride and hydroxyethyl methacrylate is 1:0.4-2.4. The addition amount of maleic anhydride to hydroxyethyl methacrylate is 20-50 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer of maleic anhydride and hydroxyethyl methacrylate is grafted on surface of base layer. The weight ratio of polyester chips and modified-master batch is 100:1-220.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iodized salt is potassium iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide and tetrabutyl ammonium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is 1, 4-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate and/or diethyl carbonate. The isocyanate is toluene diisocynate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and diphenyl methane diisocyanate. The polyol is polyether polyol, polyester polyol, hydroxyl silicon oil, hydroxyl terminated polyether silicon oil. The bipyridyl ruthenium dye is RuL2(NCS)2:2TBA.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalyst liquid is formed by dissolving acidic solution comprising multi-acid or heteropoly acid ((XaMbO40)n-), tungstic acid or molybdic acid, and catalyst comprising cobalt, nickel, manganese, iridium, ruthenium, gold, platinum, tungsten, molybdenum, silver metal and composition of alloy catalyst, or manganese dioxide, lanthanum manganite, lanthanum nickel oxide (LaNinO3) and lanthanum cobalt trioxide compounds doped with calcium, strontium, cerium and lead, where X is phosphorus, silicon, germanium and arsenic, M is tungsten, molybdenum, a:b is 1:6,1:9 and 1:12.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The micromolecular liquid fuel comprises methanol, formaldehyde and/or formic acid. The flow fuel battery preparing method utilizes acid solution comprising sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid, and adhesive comprising PTFE, tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, molybdic acid and organic molecule compound (((C19H18N3)2H)(PMo12O40)) and tungstenic acid and organic molecule compound ((ppy)4H6(SiW12O40)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The copolymer is prepared by providing boron-containing compound of formula (A) and bromine-containing compound of formula (B); mixing at a mole ratio of 1:1, adding catalyst and alkali solution of organic solvent, and performing Suzuki coupling reaction for 12-96 hours at 70-130 degrees C. Preferred Materials: The catalyst is organic palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The active layer is made of poly-3 thiophene, poly-2 methoxy-5-3, 7-Dimethyl octyloxy ethylene terephthalate or poly 2-methoxy-5-2 '-vinylhexyloxy poly styrene support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is water, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, butanone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), 1, 4-dioxane, dimethyl formamide (DMF) or in a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive agent comprises polyoxyethylene (PEO), polyoxypropylene (PPO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), PVDF, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of hydrochloric acid to metal is less than or equal to 1.5 in which concentrated hydrochloric acid is used as reaction controlling agent of metal oxide source, and weight ratio of metal oxide source with respect to block copolymer in conversion of metal oxide is 0.15-0.5. Metal oxide is titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, silica, and/or alumina. Preferred Processes: Metal oxide framework crystallizes and crystal-grows during calcination process of porous membrane in which mesh-shaped metal oxide framework is formed. A gap is formed between crystal particles of metal oxide produced by particle growth during calcination process of porous membrane. Preferred Parameters: Metal oxide framework is formed from amorphous phase and/or crystal phases intrinsic to each composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Hydrophilic unit of block copolymer is oxyethylene, and hydrophobic unit is hydrocarbon containing greater than or equal to 5 carbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reinforcing materials are made of aluminum alloy, ZAM steel plate (RTM: plated steel plate manufactured by Nisshin Steel), galvanized steel sheet, and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back films are made with the laminated film containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The support is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastomer is selected from natural rubber, butane diene polymer, butadiene-stylene mixed polymer, butadiene-acrylonitrile hybrid copolymer, butadiene-styrene-acrylonitrile hybrid copolymer, vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase transition part comprises: 60-80 wt.% of a phase transition material and includes lauric acid and nonadecane; and 20-40 wt.% of fillers including graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, steel fiber and silver powder. The polymeric composite material sheet comprises: 50-70 wt.% of thermoplastic elastomer resin and includes thermoplastic polyurethane and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene; and 30-50 wt.% of high thermal conductive filler including graphite, carbon nanotube, carbon black, boron nitride, steel fiber, silver powder and aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The holding part comprises a fiber reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During purging process, inert gas is flowed through reaction zone. The primary reactant precursor vapor and the secondary reactant precursor vapor are reacted to form inorganic substance. The tertiary reactant precursor vapor and reactant precursor vapor (a) are reacted to form metal cone, which is alucone, zincone, titanicone, or zircone, preferably alucone. Preferred Composition: The inorganic substance is oxide or nitride chosen from aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass or plastic, preferably flexible polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas comprises argon, xenon, krypton or neon. The reactive gas comprises nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, boron, halogenous compounds such as fluorine, phosphorus, selenium, oxygen and/or sulfur. The metal comprises titanium, tin, zirconium, zinc, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, silicon, iron, copper, indium, silver, aluminum and their alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material of the protection component is olefin resin containing silanol group. The olefin resin is polyethylene. The material of sealing material is resin chosen from polyvinyl butyral and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer. The protective material is fluorine resin chosen from copolymer of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (III) is compound of formula (ii)-(v). The compound (V) is of formula (VI).Rc-Rf=R1 or crosslinking structure in which ethylene amine is continuously through Rc-Re;Y5=bivalent coupling group containing arylene and/or hetero arylene;E51-E66,E71-E88=-C(R8)= or -N=;R8=H or substituent, in which at least 1 of E71-E79 and E80-E88 is -N=;n3,n4=0-4;andn3+n4=2 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing compound is nitrogen-containing polymer. The nitrogen-containing polymer is of formula (I), (II), -(-CH2-CH2-N(-X)-)- (III), -(-Ar-(-Y1-R)-Y"-)- (IV) and (Aro)o-Y1 (V).Z1,Z2=-C(R3)=C(R4)-, -C(R5)=N-, -O- or -S-;R1-R5=H or 1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 6-30C aryl or 1-30C heteroaryl (all optionally substituted);X1=N, C, Si or P;L1=single bond, or 1-20C alkylene, 3-20C cycloalkylene, 6-30C arylene, 1-30C hetero arylene, 1-20C alkyleneoxy and bivalent coupling group containing -(L2)-(OR15)p-;L2=single bond, 1-20C alkylene or 6-30C arylene;R15=ethylene, trimethylene or propylene;p=1-5;Ra-Rb,R6-R9=H, or 1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 6-30C aryl or 1-30C heteroaryl (all optionally substituted), -L3-N(R8)(R9) or -L4-N(R6)(R7);L3-L4=L1 excluding single bond;n=1, 2 or 3;X1-X5=-O-, =N-, -S-, -C(R1)=C(R2)- or -C(R5)=N-;Y'=optionally substituted aryl ring or condensed-ring structure containing nitrogen atom;X=-(CH2)m-N(R1)(R2)(R3)+Xa-, -(CH2)m-N(R1)(R2) or its salt;Xa=halo, alkali or alkaline-earth metal;m=1-3;Ar=optionally substituted heteroaryl ring, aryl ring or condensed-ring;Y1,Y"=single bond or divalent connecting group;R=R1 or crosslinking structure continuous through Y";o=1 or more;Aro=group of formula (i);X2=-N(R)-, -O-, -S- or Si(R2)(R3);E1-E8=-C(R1)= or -N=;R1-R3=H or substituent;Y2=bond or bivalent coupling group;Y3,Y4=5- or 6- membered aryl ring;andn2=1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The module frames consist of caesium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The module frames consist of UV-resistant plastic such as PVC, carbon, polypropylene, high density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cavity is filled with liquid plastic such as polypropylene. Another cavity is filled with liquid, elastic material such as ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM)-rubber, foamed rubber, and polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The maximum storage elastic modulus value of the cured material at 0-23 degrees C, is 1-5 GPa. The ratio of the maximum storage elastic modulus value of the cured material with respect to minimum storage elastic modulus value is 1-1.25, at 50-140 degrees C. The cured material has maximum tan-delta value of 1 or more at 0-140 degrees C, and minimum storage elastic modulus value of 5 MPa or more at 50-140 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The amount of electroconductive particles contained in the adhesive material is 30-60 wt.%, with respect to 100 wt.% electroconductive adhesive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Thermal decomposition temperature of component (A) is greater than or equal to 200 degrees C. Preferred Components: Dispersing agent composition contains organic solvent (C) with boiling point of greater than or equal to 100 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Weight average molecular weight of component (B) is greater than or equal to 10000. Preferred Components: Component (B) is acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electronic current collection electrode has aluminum electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Photoelectric converting layer has polymer containing structural unit of formulae (1) or (2).R1-R8=H, halo, optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxyl or thioalkoxy; andn,p,q= greater than or equal to 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of liquid (A) 0.01-100 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. liquid (B). The liquid (A) contains trifunctional or more than trifunctional aliphatic isocyanate compound. The liquid (A) is a liquid containing isocyanurate modified material of aliphatic isocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate. The urethanation reaction catalyst (C) includes organometallic compound catalyst (c1) containing iron, manganese, zirconium, thorium, titanium, nickel, or aluminum, and/or tertiary amine catalyst (c2) by which acid block was carried out.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer contains 15-80 wt.% vinyl acetate residue units. The two-liquid polyurethane adhesive further comprises urethanation reaction catalyst (C) and antioxidant (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode contains lithium containing compound as positive electrode active material. The lithium containing compound is compounds chosen from metal chalcogenide having a metal oxide containing lithium. The negative electrode contains metallic lithium, carbon material, and materials chosen from material containing lithium as negative electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low molecular gelatinizer contains compounds chosen from Rf1-R1-X1-L1-R2, Rf1-R1-X1-L1-R3-L2-X2-R4-Rf2 or R5-O-Cy-X3-Cm.Rf1,Rf2=2-20C perfluoroalkyl;R1,R4=single bond or bivalent saturated 1-6C hydrocarbyl;X1,X2=-O-, -S-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, -C(=O)-O-, -C(=O)-N(-H)-, -O-C(=O)-N(-H)-, or bivalent group chosen from -O-C(=O)-N(-H)-;L1,L2=single bond, oxyalkylene optionally substituted by alkyl or halo, oxycycloalkylene optionally substituted by alkyl or halo, or bivalent oxyaromatic group optionally substituted by alkyl or halo;R2=halo, including fluoro, 1-20C alkyl optionally substituted by halo, fluoroalkyl optionally substituted by alkyl or fluoro, or monovalent group or bivalent group which are bonded;R3=bivalent saturated 1-18C hydrocarbyl optionally having oxygen and/or sulfur atoms in a principal chain, and substituted by alkyl;R5=optionally substituted 1-20C monovalent hydrocarbyl of principal chain;Cy=optionally substituted bivalent aromatic hydrocarbyl having 5-30 nuclear atoms or alicyclic hydrocarbyl;X3=-C(=O)-O-, -O-, -NH-C(=O)-NH-, -C(=O)-N(-H)-, -N=N-, -N=N+(-O-)- or -S(=O)2-, or bivalent group chosen from -S(=O)2-;Cm=monovalent group chosen from group of formulae (i);andRa=H, alkyl, alkoxy, or halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymeric gelatinizer contains the polymer having halogen atom and/or (meth)acryl group, and polyvinylidenefluoride portion and/or polyacrylonitrile portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Flame retardant is brominated flame retardant e.g. tetrabromobisphenol (TBBA), decabromodiphenylether, bis-pentabromophenylethane, polybrominated styrene, ethylenebistetrabromophthalimide, hexabromocyclododecane, and/or pentabromobenzylacrylate, preferably TBBA or hexabromocyclododecane. Addition amount of flame retardant with respect to electrolyte solution is less than or equal to 10 wt.%. Ether solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, methyl tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), and/or methyl tert.-butyl ether (MTBE), preferably CPME.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The ratio of ratio (R1) of peak intensity of 1440 cm-1 to 1470 cm-1 and peak intensity of 1550 cm-1 to 1570 cm-1 of the absorption spectrum of the surface of resin layer after heating at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes, and ratio (R) is 0.01-0.8. The base film is a polyester film, preferably polyethylene terephthalate film. The filler contains polyisocyanate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photo-displacement agent comprises 15-25 pts. wt. of N, N-di(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,7-dibromo-perylene alkylene-3,4,9,10-tetra-carboxylic diimide and its derivatives dissolved in 100 pts. wt. of solvent and 5-15 pts. wt. of nano-silica coating solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Composition: The composition (A) further contains n-type-semiconductor component. The n-type-semiconductor component is a fullerene derivative. The structural unit (VI) is of formula (IX). The structural unit (VII) is of formulae (VIIa)-(VIIi).R22==NRn or =C=O;Xe,Xf,X34,X61,X62=methine group (=CRm-) or N;X33=O, S, Se, Te or =NRn;X35=bivalent group of formula: =CR'bR'c, =C=CR'dR'e or =NRn;R'b-R'e,Rm,R23-R26,R33-R37,R64,R65,R74-R77=H or substituent;andat least one of X36 and X37=N and other being =CRm-. Preferred Definitions:    X12,X11=O;and    Xa,Xc=S.    EXAMPLE - Octyl-(2Z)-2-cyano-3-(2-oxo-2H-thieno(3,4-b)pyran-3-yl)but-2-enoate was reacted with N-bromosuccinimide to obtain methyl-(2Z)-2-cyano-3-(5,7-dibromo-2-oxo-2H-thieno(3,4-b)pyran-3-yl)but-2-enoate. 531 mg Methyl-(2Z)-2-cyano-3-(5,7-dibromo-2-oxo-2H-thieno(3,4-b)pyran-3-yl)but-2-enoate, 772 mg (2,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-11-(trimethylstannyl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)trimethylstannane and 20 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium were added into glass-made reaction container substituted with argon gas. 20 ml Toluene and 5 ml N,N-dimethylformamide were added, reacted at 120 degrees C for 12 hours, and cooled to room temperature. 500 ml Methanol was added to the reaction mixture and the deposited substance was filtered. The obtained residue was dried, then dissolved in chloroform, filtered and concentrated. The concentrate was crystallized, filtered with chloroform-methanol and purified using silica-gel column chromatography. The filtered solid was dried under reduced pressure, to obtain 669 mg polymer with yield of 82%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out under negative pressure of 100-1000 Pa in sealed container. The substrate with the active carbon atoms is ultrasonically treated for 10-40 minutes to obtain pure graphene powder. The catalyst thin film or foil substrate is maintained in hydrogen/argon mixed gas atmosphere before depositing the carbon atoms. Preferred Substrate: The insulating substrate is hexagonal boron nitride, hexagonal silicon carbide, magnesium oxide, aluminum nitride, sapphire, silicon dioxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide or titanium oxide. The catalyst substrate contains iron, copper, nickel and/or cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The organic substance is polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polypropylene, sucrose, glucose, naphthalene or fluorene. The organic substance is dissolved in an organic solvent and is in solution form containing 1.0-20 %mass of the organic substance. The substrate is dispersed in the organic solution in the ratio of 10.0-80.0 mg/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive conductive agent is 2-4 wt.% conductive carbon black or 0-2 wt.% crystalline flake graphite. Preferred Components: The cathode conductive agent is conductive carbon black or conductive graphite. The cathode thickening agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The cathode current collector is made of copper foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cathode bonding agent is styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickness of substrate by evaporation or sputtering on plated layer is 1.5 mu m to 200 nm metal and layer resistivity is 0.2-5 ohm-cm. The thickness of copper-indium-gallium-selenide thin film coated soda lime glass, stainless steel sheet, aluminum sheet or plastic sheet is 2-6 mm. Preferred Method: The copper-indium-gallium-selenide/copper-zinc-tin-selenium absorption layer is coated on cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide buffer layer, where coated thickness is 40-250 nm, annealing at 150-250 degrees C for 1-5 minutes, plating in sputtering apparatus or atomic layer deposition machine with intrinsic zinc oxide and aluminum oxide transparent electrode and evaporating plated electrodes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Amounts of raw materials are 55 wt.%, preferably 60 wt.%, fluororesin, 38 wt.%, preferably 33 wt.% titanium dioxide, 0.6 wt.%, preferably 0.3 wt.% dispersant, 0.4 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% flatting agent, 0.3 wt.%, preferably 0.5 wt.% antifoaming agent, 5.5 wt.%, preferably 5.3 wt.% diluent, and 0.2 wt.%, preferably 0.1 wt.% drier. Dispersant is medium molecular weight polyurethane dispersant, flatting agent is propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, antifoaming agent is dimethyl silicone polymer, diluent is butyl acetate, and drier is dibutyl tin laurate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: Solar battery back film contains light dispersion layer and 2 sides of base layer consists of composite coated with surface layer. Preferred Parameter: Thickness of light dispersion layer is 5-50 mu m. Thickness of heat-absorbing layer is 5-100 mu m. Thickness of surface layer is 10-200 mu m. Thickness of base layer is 0.1-10 m. Thickness of fluorosilicone film forming layer is 0.01-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Outer surface of heat absorbing layer is provided with a fluorosilicone film layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Radiating layer is high-heat absorbing material containing 20-60 wt.% resin. Heat-absorbing layer is high-heat absorbing material containing 10-90 wt.% resin. Surface layer is polytetrafluoroethylene resin, UV absorbing function, or acrylic polymer coating. Base layer is nano grade metal powder and high molecular weight polymer. Amount of high molecular weight polymer is 1-50 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Graphene carbon material is carbon solid, liquid, or gas, and catalytic agent is thin metal film copper, nickel, and iron. Preferred Conditions: Furnace temperature during high-temperature heat treatment 400-1200 degrees C. Bombardment pressure is 5-120 mtorr, and time is 2-100 minutes. High-temperature heat treatment is under vacuum conditions, and annealing time is 10-150 minutes. Preferred Processes: Transfer of graphene to target substrate is performed by throwing glue with polymer coating of graphene on 1 side of metal film, performing inductively coupled plasma bombardment on next side of thin metal film, subjecting to electrochemically etching or wet etching of metal catalyst, placing graphene on substrate surface target, and removing poly(methyl methacrylate) to obtain upper part of graphite dilute target substrate. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of etching gel is 50-500 nm, bombardment reactive ion etching (RIE) is 25-150 W, inductive coupled plasma (ICP) is 0-250 W, and oxygen flow is 5-100 sccm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The silica particles have average particle diameter of 20-2000 nm and average pore size of 2-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid comprises N,N-diethylmethylamine and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid at molar ratio of 1:1. The solvent is chosen from dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and/or water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin has equivalent weight of 700-1200.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of (I) to fullerene derivative in photosensitive layer is 1:0.8-1:0.1. Preferred Definitions:    monocyclic heteroarylene = furan, thiophene, selenophene, tellurophene, pyrrole, benzene, pyridine or pyrazine;    bicyclic heteroarylene = furo(3,2-b)furan, thieno(3,2-b)furan, thieno(3,2-b)thiophene, (1,3)thiazolo(5,4-d)(1,3)thiazole, naphthalene, bifuranyl, 2-thien-2-ylfuran, 2,2'-bithiophene or (2,2')biselenophenyl; and    tricyclic or polycylic heteroarylene = 2,2':5',2''-terfuran, 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene or 2,2':5',2'':5'',2'''-quaterthiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The air drying agent is trimethylolpropane diallylether 80.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel coat resin viscous liquid is 9018, 7035, 9002, 7045 or 9016.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A benzothiophene derivative of formula (II) and indole compound of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1 are reacted in organic solvent, in presence of catalyst, to obtain isoindigo based co-polymer (I).Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is triphenyl phosphine palladium chloride, triphenyl phosphine palladium or dimethylene benzyl acetone palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of component (I) to component (II) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises drying the stainless steel and washing a surface of the stainless steel, polishing the stainless steel surface, and coating a nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia on a layer having a thickness of 0.1-1 mu m and a content of 5-25 wt.%. The addition of the solution is carried out at 4-6 degrees C/second for 2-3 time. The heat-treatment is carried out at 700-900 degrees C for 60-90 minutes. Preferred Components: The nickel precursor is nickel nitrate hexahydrate, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate, yttrium acetate and zirconium nitrate hydrate, and is present in an amount of 5-30 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropane and butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by:(A) adding 6-bromoisatin, 6-bromoindoline, glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid into first reactor, mixing, heating under reflux, stopping reaction and cooling to room temperature to obtain 2-(6-bromoindoline)-6-bromoisatin;(B) adding into second reactor having inert atmosphere, adding potassium carbonate, N,N-dimethylformamide and alkane into second reactor, dissolving completely, reacting while stirring at 90-110 degrees C for 12-36 hours, stopping reaction and cooling to room temperature to obtain alkane-substituted 2-(6-bromoindoline)-6-bromoisatin of formula (II); and(C) adding compound (II) and p-divinylbenzene derivative of formula (III) at mol ratio of 1:1-1.2 in organic solvent containing catalyst and performing Heck coupling reaction at 80-120 degrees C for 24-96 hours.Preferred Process: The mol ratio of catalyst to compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The Heck coupling reaction is done at 90-110 degrees C for 48-72 hours. The preparation further comprises purifying. Preferred Components: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or palladium acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine mixture, preferably 3-6 times palladium acetate and 1/80-1/120 time tri(o-tolyl)phosphine based on amount of compound (II). The organic solvent is toluene, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of concentrated nitric acid is 67 wt.%. The weight ratio of concentrated nitric acid and silver nitrate is 0.7-2.8. The weight ratio of surfactant and silver nitrate is 0.8-0.25. The weight ratio of silver nitrate and ascorbic acid is 1-2. The silver particles are separated and washed using deionized water, ethanol or their mixed solution, and dried.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant comprises polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent-treated inorganic conductive material is silicon dioxide, glass fiber, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, zinc oxide crystal whisker, and/or potassium titanate crystal whisker.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The UV light absorber is resorcinol monobenzoate or 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-octylphenyl) benzotriazole. The crosslinking agent is dicumyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide isopropyl carbonate, or tert-butyl peroxybenzoate. The antioxidant is 6,6-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-thio-p-toluene, bis(2,4,6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol) phosphonic acid ethyl ester, and/or thiodipropionate. The volume ratio of coupling agent and absolute ethyl alcohol is 10: 12. The coupling agent is aminopropyl trimethoxysilane, mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, thiol-functionalized triethoxysilane, triisostearoyl titanate, isopropyl ester, and/or tris (dioctyl pyrophosphate acyloxy) isopropyl titanate. Preferred Method: The coupling agent is added into the inorganic heat-conducting material, maintained at normal pressure and normal temperature, and uniformly mixed at 80-100 degrees C under the drying condition to obtain processed coupling agent on surface of inorganic heat-conducting material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic or aliphatic compounds with multi-isocyanate functional groups comprises toluene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, tolylene-2 4-diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, triphenylmethane triisocyanate and multi-methylene phenyl isocyanate. The aromatic or aliphatic compounds with multi-element amino groups comprises an aliphatic polyamine and aromatic polyamine. The multi-element amino groups are primary amine or secondary amine. The polyvalent hydroxy functional group comprises ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, 1, 2, 6-hexanetriol, polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, chitosan, starch, cellulose, phenol, aromatic polyatomic alcohol and/or polyethylene glycol. The cross-linking agent is glycerine, hexanetriol, starch, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan and/or glucose. The catalyst is triethylamine, triethanolamine, dibutyl tin, dibutyl tin laurate and/or stannous octoate. The end-capping reagent comprises methanol, ethanol, ethylamine, aniline and sodium bisulfite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate and/or lithium oxalate. The silicon source is normal butyl ester silicon, dilute base diethoxy silicon, dilute base dimethyl silicon, dilute methoxyl methyl silicon, dilute methyl ethoxyl silicon and/or dilute base ( beta -methyl group) silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic sodium salt comprises sodium benzene, styrene sodium sulfonate, vinyl ethyl benzene and 4,4'-di-azide bi-styrene/-2, 2'-disulfonate. The oil-soluble azo containing free radical initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile, azo-bis-isoheptonitrile and/or azo-di-isobutyric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises adding perylene to a solvent and then stirring, adding halogen compound of formula (A2CHOR) and a catalyst to the solvent to prepare an organic material, extracting the organic material and synthesizing the same to prepare formylperylene, adding fullerene and amino acid to the formylperylene to prepare a fullerene-perylene derivative, and dissolving the fullerene-perylene derivative in a solvent and then extracting and isolating.A = halo; andR = H or straight or branched 1-20C alkyl.Preferred Method: The synthesizing step is carried out at 120-180 degrees C for 24 hours.Preferred Components: The fullerene consists of C60, C70, C76, C78, C82, C90, C94 and C96. The solvent is toluene, methyl toluene, dimethyl toluene, mono chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene. The amino acid is sarcosine. The amount of formylperylene is 35-50 pts. wt. The amount of amino acid is 35-55 pts. wt. The electron donor consists of poly(para-phenylene vinylene), polythiophene derivative and pthalocyanine group material. The electron receptor is poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV). The ratio of (I) and MEH-PPV is 1:0.5. The anode electrode comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrene-sulfonate), polyaniline, pentacene, copper phthalocyanine, poly(3-hexylthiophene), polysiloxane carbazole, polyethylene oxide, poly(1-methoxy-4-(0-disperse red 1))-2,5-phenylene-vinylene, polyindole, carbazole, poly isothionaphthalene, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polypyridine and their derivative. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickness of: first layer titanium dioxide film is 26-38 nm; second layer titanium nitride film is 20-26 nm; and third layer titanium dioxide film is 26-38 nm. Preferred Method: The first layer titanium dioxide film, second layer titanium nitride film and third layer titanium dioxide film adopts intermediate frequency reactive magnetron sputtering twin target plating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the polyethylene terephthalate substrate is 23-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The olefin compound includes at least one ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene and octene. The acrylic ester includes at least one methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-methyl methacrylate or 2-methacrylate. The organosilicon coupling agent is represented by a formula (Y1(CH2)nSiX3) (I).n = 0-3;Y1 = vinyl, allyl, amino, epoxy, methacryloyloxy, mercapto or ureido; andX = chloro, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxyethoxy or acetyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The norbornene copolymer is obtained by polymerizing norbornene and an olefin compound or by polymerizing norbornene and acrylate. The POE includes cross-linked POE or non-cross-linked POE. The thickness of the base film of the single layer structure is 0.01-10 mm. Preferred Composition: The solar cell base film comprises (in wt.%) either norbornene copolymer (5-40), PC (50-80), EVA (5-20) and the filler (0-40); or norbornene copolymer (5-50), POE (50-70), EVA (0-30) and the filler (0-50); or norbornene copolymer (5-40), PP (50-80), EVA (5-20) and the filler (0-40); or norbornene copolymer (5-50), PET (10-50) and the filler (0-50). Preferred Method: The norbornene copolymer is processed by organosilicon coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate and/or lithium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Preferred Components: The organic carbon source is selected from glucose, sucrose, bialcohol butyral, phenolic resin, and/or epoxy resin. The dispersing agent is chosen from anhydrous ethanol, acetone, and de-ionized water. The ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole acetate, nitrate, dicyandiamide salt or 1-vinyl-3-methyl-imidazole acetate and nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive metal powder comprises silver powder, and the inorganic binder is glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chelating agent is selected from EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 1,2-amino cyclohexane acetic acid or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the chelating agent is 0.63-1.43 wt.%. The additive further comprises a thixotropic agent (2.50-5.71 wt.%) consisting of 16C alcohol, Span 85 (RTM: Biodegradable surfactant), or polyamide wax, coupling agent (0.63-1.43 wt.%) such as organosilane compound of formula (Y1-R-Si-X3-). The organic resin is selected from epoxy resin, synthetic resin of methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose or butyl cellulose from cellulosic resin, cellulose resin, phenolic resin, novolac epoxy resin, and acrylic acid, and methacrylic acid resin. The solvent comprises turpentine oil, terpineol, benzaldehyde, phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol, borneol, butyl carbitol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, tributyl citrate, tributyl phosphate and castor oil.R=aliphatic carbon chain;Y1=vinyl group, amino group, epoxy group, methacrylic acid group, or mercapto;X=carboxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxyethoxy or acetoxyl group..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The additive further comprises antifoaming agent (0.63-2.86 wt.%) comprising organic siloxane, polyether, polyethylene glycol and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average grain diameter (D50) of silver powder is 2-4.3 mu m. Preferred Composition: The inorganic glass powder comprises (in weight%) silicon dioxide (9-15), bismuth oxide (40-60), barium oxide (20-25), zinc oxide (2-12), boron oxide (6-15) and lithium oxide (1-8).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is terpineol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, n-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol phenyl ether. The surfactant is lecithin, Span or lanolin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises organic resin (2-15), organic solvent (80-95), and surfactant (0.5-5). The organic resin is ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose or alkyl resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode layer is made of aluminum, silver, gold and/or platinum. The buffer layer contains lithium fluoride, lithium carbonate, cesium carbonate, cesium nitride or cesium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The p-type doped layer comprises 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroethylene-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoethylene dimethyl-p-benzoquinone doped with 4,4',4"-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine, 4,4',4"-tris-(N,N-diphenyl-amino)triphenylamine, 4,4',4"-tris(N-(naphthyl-1-yl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine, 4,4',4"-tris(N-(naphthyl-2-yl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine, copper phthalocyanine, N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-4,4'-diphenylmethane-4,4'-biphenyl-diamine or 1,1-dimethyl-(4-(N,N'-bis(p-tolyl)amino)phenyl)cyclohexane. The anode surface is treated with detergent, deionized water, acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ultransonically cleaned and treated with ozone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active layer is made of polythiophene, poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl octylamine oxy)ethylene)p-phenylene or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-vinyl-hexyloxy)-poly-p-phenylenevinylene) with C60 derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400 or polyethylene glycol 600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The method enables utilizing a composite i.e. glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic compound comprises an organophosphate compound, and a phosphate ester compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluororesin consists of an ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, an ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethlyene copolymer, a polyvinyl fluoride and/or a polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The packaging is formed from a single material i.e. polymeric material selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP) and PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: At least one portion of the adherence surface of primary circuit component or secondary circuit component comprises inorganic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The component (A) is of formula (I). The silane coupling agent (B) is methacryl group-containing silane coupling agent or acryl group-containing silane coupling agent. The component (C) contains radically polymerizable compound and radical polymerization initiator. The adhesive composition further contains a film formation material. The circuit connection material further contains electroconductive particles.L1-L3=alkoxy anion, conjugated anion of ( beta )-diketone, or conjugated anion of ( beta )-ketoester.Preferred Properties: The glass transition temperature of compound having urethane group and ester group in a molecule, is 50 degrees C or more. The weight average molecular weight of compound having urethane group and ester group in a molecule, is 5000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plate crystal element having a back surface aluminum electrode (4) where surface of the back surface aluminum electrode is chemically processed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone resin is silicone oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is silicone-type surfactant containing hydroxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The application layer further contains polyester resin or polyester polyurethane resin, and crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid (A) is a liquid containing trifunctional or more than trifunctional isocyanate compound. The tertiary amine contained in the tertiary amine-type catalyst (c2) which is acid blocked is triethylenediamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo (5.4.0) undecene-7, 1,5-diazabicyclo (4.3.0) nonene-5 imidazole, 1,2-dimethyl imidazole, 1-isobutyl-2-methyl imidazole or 1-dimethyl amino propyl imidazole. The organometallic catalyst (c1) is titanium alkoxide compound, titanium chelate compound or zirconia chelate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The thin film manufacturing method further comprises heating the thin film coated with the mixture at 50-200 degrees C. The adding step comprises adding 25-67 wt.% of acetone organic solvent in the mixture, and stirring the mixture at 100-1000 revolutions per minutes for 2-10 hours to uniformly disperse the mixture of acetone and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate). The cathode is present in contact with lithium fluoride and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate comprises at polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum oxide is present in an amount of 1-8 wt.%. The composition reduces leakage of 30-40% of phosphoric acid content in the high temperature-type polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Preferred Method: The method further comprises reacting aluminum oxide with aluminum dihydrogen phosphate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A metal material of electrode consists of chromium, nickel, titanium, and molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode active material (a1) is obtained by reacting negative electrode active material (b1) in a powder state, and lithium compound chosen from metallic lithium, lithium hydride, and lithium-aluminum hydride. The metal is silicon. The metal oxide is silicon oxide and/or silicate compound. The electrode element has planar laminated structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated ether compound is of formula: H-(CX1X2-CX3X4)n-.X1-X8=H or fluoro, in which at least one of X1-X8 is fluoro.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode further contains binder containing polyimide and/or polyamidoimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises high molecular compound having structural unit of formula: -Ar- (III), preferably tetrahydropentalene-dione structural unit of formula (IIIa), benzodiazole-containing structural unit of formula (IIIb), quinoxaline-containing structural unit of formula (IIIc), cyclopenta-pyrazine structural unit of formula (IIId), indene-containing structural unit of formula (IIIe), dihydropentalene-containing structural unit of formula (IIIf), tetrahydropentalene-containing structural unit of formula (IIIg) and pyrrolopyrrole-containing structural unit of formula (IIIh). The compound (c) is electron-accepting compound chosen from fullerene and fullerene derivative.Ar1=bivalent heterocyclyl or arylene (both optionally having substituent);R21-R38=H or substituent;andX21-X29=sulfur, oxygen or selenium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photoreactive group is attached to the polymer through atoms of photoreactive group. The polymer comprises conjugated polymer backbone or non-conjugated polymer backbone. The polymer further has sensitizer group. The sensitizer group comprises at least one carbonyl or ketone. The polymer has structure of formula (I), preferably structure of formulae (II)-(V). The photoreactive material contains polymer. The anisotropic material contains liquid crystal, polymer or nanoparticles. The liquid crystal is nematic liquid crystal. The sensitizer group is non-covalently associated with the photoreactive group. The crystal precursor contains solution. The crystal precursor includes vapor.A=aromatic or photoreactive group;C=sensitizer group;B,D=optionally substituted carbon-carbon double bonds, or carbon-carbon triple bonds;andn=more than 1.Preferred Properties: The glass transition temperature of polymer backbone is more than the room temperature. Preferred Process: The photoproduct is further subjected to thermal treatment for changing chemical structure of the photoproduct. Thermal treatment of photoproduct causes the photoproduct to undergo retro-Diels Alder reaction. The method further involves forming bond between adjacent photoproducts and/or between photoproduct and substrate. The polymer is exposed to electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength capable of directly exciting the photoreactive group or sensitizer group. The energy transfer occurs between photoreactive group and sensitizer group upon exposure to electromagnetic radiation. The energy transfer causes di-pi-methane rearrangement. The energy transfer occurs from the sensitizer group to the photoreactive group or photoreactive group to the sensitizer group. The sensitizer group is covalently attached to the photoreactive group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The envelope is made of Polyether ether ketone (RTM: Colorless organic thermoplastic polymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is inorganic laminar compound. The cover film layer contains ultraviolet absorber. Embossing is provided to the surface on the opposite side to the contact bonding layer in the cover film layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyalcohol type-resin is polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer. The mass ratio of polyalcohol-type resin and inorganic filler contained in the gas barrier layer is 30/70-95/5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The urethane (meth)acrylate (A) is obtained by reacting polyester polyol (a1) having aromatic ring in molecular structure, polyisocyanate compound (a2) and (meth)acrylate compound (a3) having hydroxyl group in molecular structure. Preferred Composition: The polyester polyol (a1) has aromatic ring in molecular structure containing 1.5-4.5 mmol/g in molecular structure. The urethane (meth) acrylate (A) has branched structure in molecular structure. The content of polyisocyanate compound (B) with respect to 100 parts mass of urethane (meth)acrylate (A) is 1-20 parts mass. The curable composition further comprises polyester resin (D), bisphenol-type epoxy resin (E) and polycarbonate resin (F). The mass ratio of urethane (meth) acrylate (A) to polyester resin (D) is 1/2-2/1. The content of bisphenol-type epoxy resin (E) with respect to 100 parts mass urethane (meth) acrylate (A) and polyester resin (D) is 5-25 parts mass. The content of polycarbonate resin (F) with respect to 100 parts mass urethane (meth) acrylate (A) and polyester resin (D) is 5-25 parts mass. Preferred Properties: The weight-average molecular weight of urethane (meth) acrylate (A) is 5000-50000. The urethane (meth) acrylate (A) has hydroxyl value of 5-50 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The polyester resin (D) has hydroxyl value of 5-25 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sum total content of ethylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol and polytetramethylene ether glycol are 30 mol% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base material is copper thin film. The oxidation inhibitor is hydrogen. The number of helium atoms in all mixed gas is 10-80 atomic% with respect to the sum of number of hydrogen atoms and helium atoms in mixed gas. The number of hydrogen atoms in carbon containing gas and mixed gas is 0.5-75 mol%. The concentration of helium gas in all mixed gas is 20-90 mol%. The copper oxide is removed from the copper material by irradiating microwave surface wave plasma in mixed gas atmosphere of reducing agent and helium gas. The reducing agent is hydrogen. The concentration of helium in mixed gas is 80-95 mol%. The base material has pressure of 5-100 Pa, and at 100-500 degrees C. A quartz component (103) is used to produce graphene film in the reactor (110) by plasma chemical vapor deposition method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of silicon and oxygen in film is 0.1 atomic% or less, and 1 atomic% or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active layer comprises fullerene and/or fullerene derivative and conjugated polymer compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent has phosphate group and does not comprise base. The coating composition further comprises fluidity improvement agent, which obtained by reacting carboxylic acid and nitrogen-containing compound comprising hydroxyl amine or hydroxyl imine. The fluoropolymer is chosen from hydroxyl group-containing monomer, carboxyl group-containing monomer, acid anhydride monomer, amino group-containing monomer, curable functional group-containing fluoropolymer and/or silicone- based vinyl monomer. The fluorinated monomer is tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and/or vinylidene fluoride, preferably tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises a single-step Buchwald coupling comprising reacting a phenanthrene derivative exhibiting a leaving group, with amine compounds of formula (Ar2-NH-Ar1) (IIa), or a two-step Buchwald coupling comprising stepwise reaction of a phenanthrene derivative exhibiting a leaving group, with amine compounds of formula (Ar2-NH2) (IIb) and then with amine compounds of formula (NH2-Ar1) (IIc). Preferred Components: (I) comprise at least 26, preferably 42 ring atoms and only one amine group. Preferred Definitions:    L = biphenyl-diyl, terphenyl-diyl, heterocyclyl moieties of formula (IVa) or (IVb) or single bond; and    Y1 = C(R2)2, NR2, O, Si(R2)2 or S, preferably C(R2)2 or NR2.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Approximately 113 compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. biphenyl-4-yl-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-phenanthren-3-yl-amine of formula (Ia), biphenyl-2-yl-biphenyl-4-yl-phenanthren-3-yl-amine, bis-biphenyl-4-yl-phenanthren-3-yl-amine, biphenyl-4-yl-biphenyl-3-yl-phenanthren-3-yl-amine, and (4-naphthalen-2-yl-phenyl)-phenanthren-3-yl-(1,1';3',1'')terphenyl-4'-yl-amine.    EXAMPLE - 28.1 g Biphenyl-4-yl-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amine and 20 g 3-bromophenanthrene were dissolved in 600 ml toluene. Then 3.1 ml tri-tert-butylphosphine solution and 0.35 g palladium(II) acetate were added to the obtained solution. Then 11.6 g sodium tert-butoxide was added to the obtained mixture. Then the reaction mixture was heated to boiling for 5 hours under inert atmosphere. Then the mixture was worked up to obtain (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The proportion of the metal soap in the plastic matrix is 7.5-30 wt.%. The metal soap comprises aluminum stearate, barium stearate, calcium stearate, chromium stearate, lithium stearate, magnesium stearate, tin stearate, or zinc stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic matrix comprises epoxy resin; graphite; and polytetrafluoroethylene. The proportion of the graphite in the plastic matrix is 1-40 wt.%. The proportion of the plastic matrix of the sliding layer is 40-60 wt.%. The plastic filament comprises at least one thermoplastic material. The thermoplastic material is polyester or polyethylene. The reinforcing element comprises the structure of a fabric or knitted fabric produced from a plastic filament. The reinforcing element has a wound structure, which is produced by winding the yarn on a plastic core. The sliding element has a support layer (24) comprising fiber reinforced plastic. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The primary layer has superelastic properties. Preferred Composition: The primary layer comprises superelastic alloy, superelastic polymer, shape memory alloy, shape memory polymer, and titanium-nickel alloy (TiNi) containing nickel and titanium in weight ratio of 20:80-80:20. The secondary layer comprises graphitic carbon having more sp2 binding than sp3 binding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous body is formed with any types of metals among iron, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium, a titanium alloy, chromium, the chromium alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, magnesium, and a magnesium alloy and carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material different from a porous body is an elastomer, rubber, or an adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nonaqueous electrolyte material has a viscosity of 40-70 mPas. The nonaqueous electrolyte material further contains a viscosity-adjusting solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic solution comprises organic solvent containing nitrile-based solvent. The nitrile-based solvent comprises acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, t-butyl cyanide, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, 2-chlorobenzonitrile, 4-chlorobenzonitile, dichlorobenzonitile, trichlorobenzonitrile, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile, 4-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile and/or 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, preferably mixture containing acetonitrile and valeronitrile. The amount of electrolytic solution is 1-50 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. gel-type polymer electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer colloid comprises polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile and/or polyethylene oxide. The amount of polymer colloid is 0.1-50 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. gel-type polymer electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heating portion of the heater circuit is formed of materials such as ferrum-chrome-aluminum alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-chrome-ferrum alloy and ruthenium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heating portion of the heater circuit is also formed of materials such as carbon, silver and platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulator is made of polyamide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first metal is selected from alkali metal selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium, alkaline-earth metal selected from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium and transition metal, or aluminum, gallium, indium, tin, lead, or bismuth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of the crosslinking agent in the coating liquid is 0.1-1.5 with respect to the quantity of 1 equivalent of active hydrogen in crosslinking reaction group of the crosslinking agent in the coating liquid. Polyvinyl butyral has active hydrogen in the hydroxyl group. The component further contains active hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is an isocyanate type crosslinking agent. The coating liquid has component(s) chosen from monomer and oligomer having ethylenically unsaturated bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The butyral degree of polyvinyl butyral is 75 mol% or less. The thickness of the easily-adhesive coating layer is 0.01-2 mu m. Preferred Compound: The base material is film-containing polyester-based resin. The sealing material contact bonding layer in protection sheet contains polyvinyl butyral and multilayered structure. The sealing material in solar cell module contains polyvinyl butyral. Preferred layers: The sealing material contact bonding layer is laminated on the surface at the side of the easily adhesive coating layer of the easily-adhesive base material. The surface on the opposite side to the easily-adhesive coating layer in the sealing material contact bonding layer is a surface for connecting a sealing material. The heat seal material contact layer is formed by extrusion coating of thermoplastic material in easily-adhesive base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer contains polyisocyanate and electroconductive fine particles. The functional film is film mirror (10) having thickness of 30 nm or more and containing a 200 nm or less reflection layer (4), and the functional film is thermal insulation film having thickness of 0.1 nm or more and containing 50 nm or less reflection layer. Preferred Process: During manufacture of functional film, the acryl layer and intermediate layer and/or intermediate layer and protective layer are heat-processed for interlayer coupling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The buffer layer in the photoelectric conversion element is electronic taking-out layer (102).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The boiling-point of unsaturated carboxylic acid which forms the unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt is 139-300 degrees C. Preferred Component: The unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt comprises 3-12C unsaturated carboxylic acid metallic salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material is resin base material. Preferred Definitions:    M=metal atom chosen from transition metal atom chosen from a group 4 element, group 12 element, group 13 element and group 14 element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic polyol has hydroxyl value of 0.5-45 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The polymerizable monomer contains 1-40 pts. wt. acrylonitrile with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymerizable monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The transparent plate and supporting plate are made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The supporting plate and transparent plate are covered with cover comprising synthetic resin chosen from polyamide, polystyrene, acrylic resin, and polyethylene resin, and metal frame.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer particles are binder polymer particles, and contain polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene rubber, or carboxymethyl cellulose. The battery case is a pouch-shaped battery case.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric layer is a silicon dioxide layer. The dielectric layer is an aluminum oxide layer. The silicon-containing polymer is a siloxane resin. The silicon-containing polymer is a siloxane resin. The siloxane resin comprises hydrogen silsesquioxane. The siloxane resin is a mixture of hydrogen silsesquioxane with another silsesquioxane resin. The siloxane resin comprises Si-H groups and Si-bonded hydrocarbyl groups. The silicon-containing polymer is an organopolysiloxane containing RHSiO2/2 siloxane units. The organopolysiloxane is a poly(methylhydrogensiloxane). The silicon-containing polymer comprises perhydropolysilazane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The deposited silicon compound comprises silicon, oxygen and carbon atoms, optionally hydrogen atoms, and a silicon-containing polymer having silicon-hydrogen groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organosilicon compound is tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane ((CH3(H)SiO)4), tetraethyl orthosilicate (Si(OC2H5)4), and hexamethyldisiloxane ((((CH3)3)Si)2O).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises: a solvent extraction tank adapted to perform a solvent extraction using an aprotic solvent to further purify the sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds; a tertiary distillation column adapted to further isolate the one or more sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds from other compounds of the cracked naphtha; and a membrane separator adapted to further isolate the sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds as permeate from other compounds of the cracked naphtha, where the membrane separator permeates the heterocyclic compounds using a crosslinked fluorinated polyolefin membrane, a polyester-imide membrane, a polyuria membrane, or a urethane membrane. The secondary distillation column has a side-cut with a boiling point of 82-86 degrees C or 218-221 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The process further comprises isolating the cracked naphtha from a reaction product gas stream of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, where the sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound is isolated from the cracked naphtha according to a boiling point of the heterocyclic compound, performing a solvent extraction using an aprotic solvent to further isolate the sulfur-containing heterocyclic hydrocarbon from other compounds of the cracked naphtha and to concentrate the sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound so that a rate of reaction with the super acid increases. Preferred Components: The sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound is thiophene, where the boiling point is 82-86 degrees C, an alkylated derivative of thiophene, benzothiophene, where the boiling point is 221-224 degrees C, or an alkylated derivative of benzothiophene. The aprotic solvent is acetonitrile or methylene chloride. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the porphyrin polymer comprises reacting 5,15-bis(3,5-dihexylphenyl)porphyrin with tert-butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenylcarbamate under potassium phosphate, and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) to give (IIa); reacting (IIa) with zinc acetate dihydrate in the presence of tetrahydrofuran to give (5-(4-aminophenyl)-15-bromo-10,20-bis(3,5-di-hexylphenyl)porphyrino)-zinc(II) (IIIa); and reacting (IIIa) with trifluoroacetic acid, and bis((2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl)methane to give (I). Preferred Method: The porphyrin is coupled to the surface of the substrate via an aminopropylsiloxy group. Preferred Components: The substrate comprises indium tin oxide. EXAMPLE - 50 ml Saturated solution of zinc acetate dihydrate in methanol was added to flask containing 1.2 g 5-(4-aminophenyl)-15-bromo-10,20-bis(3,5-dihexylphenyl)porphyrin and 200 ml methylene chloride. The resulting pink reaction mixture was washed with 200 ml water several times and thoroughly washed with tetrahydrofuran. The resulting combined filtrate was concentrated and dried under high vacuum. The resulting material was dissolved in a mixture of 200 ml methylene chloride and 200 ml trifluoroacetic acid and stirred under an argon atmosphere for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then diluted with 200 ml methylene chloride and then washed with water followed by aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The resulting solvent was then evaporated and worked up to give the porphyrin polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sheet-like sealing material comprises foamed particles formed by foaming particles (B). The resin film is olefin-type resin film, polyester-based resin film or ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer-type resin film. Preferred Properties: When the sheet-like sealing material has thickness of 0.05-2.5 mm, the foaming ratio of the sheet-like sealing material is 2-8. The average particle diameter of the foamed particles is 40-200 mu m. The sheet-like sealing material has closed cell content of 70% or more, and 20% compressive stress of 0.05-0.7 Mpa at 20 degrees C. The water vapor transmission rate of the resin film is 30 g/m2x day or less, measured by performing water vapor moisture-permeable test on the resin film based of JIS Z 0208. The thickness of the resin film is 0.01-0.25 mm. The break elongation of the resin film is 70% or more, after 1000 temporal passage under ultraviolet atmospheric exposure test condition based on UL746C. The tensile strength of the sheet-like sealing material is 15-50% of tensile strength of the resin film, during expansion of 5%. Preferred Process: Alternatively, the sheet-like sealing material is obtained by foaming particles (B) having predetermined foamability by heating, and mixing foamed particles and curable silicone resin composition, or mixing a portion of main component of the curable silicone resin composition and particles (B), heating obtained mixture such that the particles (B) are expanded, mixing remainder of curable silicone resin composition and curing agent with resultant mixture, and heat-hardening obtained sealing material composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide film comprises tin oxide, and the non-metal oxide film comprises silica. The functional film comprises fluorine doped tin oxide. The mixed oxide film comprises tin oxide, silica, and phosphorus oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The unsaturated resin is polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, and/or vinyl resin. The fiberglass is a coarse fiberglass, fiberglass surface felt, and/or fiberglass fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves adding acid inhibitor to titanium salt solution, to which aqueous solution is added. Preferred Component: The alkaline aqueous solution is ammonia solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium salt is tetrabutyl titanate, isopropyl titanate or titanium ammonium fluoride. The acid inhibitor is salicylic acid inhibitor and/or polyacrylic acid inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The pi-electron conjugation polymer (I) is obtained by polymerizing monomer of donor molecule of formula (II) and monomer of acceptor molecule of formula (III) in presence of a catalyst.Mp1,Mp2=boronic acid, boronate, -MgX, -ZnX, -SiX3 or -SnRa3;Ra=1-4C linear alkyl;andX=halo.When Mp1 is halo, then Mp2 is boronic acid, boronate, -MgX, -ZnX, -SiX3 or -SnRa3; and (ii) When Mp2 is halo, then Mp1 is boronic acid, boronate, -MgX, -ZnX, -SiX3 or -SnRa3. Preferred Property: The pi-electron conjugation polymer has number average molecular weight of 1000-1000000 g/mol. EXAMPLE - 0.375 mmol of 1,1-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-bis(trimethylstannyl)dithieno(3,2-b:2',3')(d)germole, and 0.1187 g 4,7-dibromo(1,2,5) thiadiazolo(3,4-c)pyridine, were refluxed in presence of 10 ml chlorobenzene, 7.4 mg tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine after deaerating. The resultant mixture was reacted for five days and the precipitated solid was separated by filtration. 30 mL of aqueous solution in which 3.1 g N,N-diethyl carbamic-acid sodium trihydrate was dissolved was added to the filtrate, stirred and heated at 80?o C for 2 hours. The resultant organic layer was washed, dried, and solvent was distilled and reprecipitated with ethyl acetate to obtain pi-electron conjugation polymer of formula (Ia) (95.3 mg) as pi-electron conjugation polymer (I) having yield of 40%.    n=not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The electrode (e1) is transparent electrode, electrode (e2) is counter electrode. The organic photoelectric conversion element has positive hole transport layer (26) between photoelectric converting layer and electrode (e2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer compound (I) is preferably of formula (II). The acceptor unit comprises partial structure containing polycyclic compound of formula (IIIA) or (IIIB).D1,D2=donor unit containing heteroaryl rings;A=acceptor unit;p,q=0-4;r=1-4;Z3-Z4=-O-, -NR18-, -S-, -C(R19)=C(R20)- or -N=C(R21)-;andR14-R21=H, halo, optionally substituted 1-24C alkyl, 1-24C fluorinated alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 3-20C fluorocycloalkyl, 1-24C alkoxy, 1-24C fluoroalkoxy, 1-24C alkylthio, 1-24C fluoroalkylthio, 6-30C aryl, 6-30C fluoroaryl, 1-20C heteroaryl or 1-20C fluoroheteroaryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The number average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer compound is 10000-100000. Preferred Definitions:    Z1-Z2=-S-.    EXAMPLE - 0.2 mmol 6,16-Dibromo-9,9,19,19-tetratetradecyl-10,20-dioxa-5,15-dithia-9-silapentacyclo(11.7.0.03,11.04,8.014,18)icosa-1,3(11),4(8),6,12,14(18),16-heptaene compound (15-5) were dissolved in 20 ml 0.20 mmol anhydrous toluene, and the obtained solution was purged with nitrogen. Then, the resulted product 0.0055 mmol tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium (0) and 0.044 mmol tris(o-tolyl)phosphine were added. The solution was purged with argon for 15 more minutes, heated and reacted at 110-120 degrees C for 72 hours. Then, to the resulted product 0.03 mmol 2-tributyl tin thiophene was added, refluxed for 10 hours, 0.06 mmol 2-bromo-thiophene was added, and refluxed for 10 hours. The product was re-precipitated to methanol, subjected to Soxhlet extraction, and filtered, to obtain conjugated polymer compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The alumina fibber has length-diameter ratio of 40:1, and average crystal diameter of 205 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, acetone or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic salt, nanoparticles and surface modifying agent is 0-20 wt.%, 0-40 wt.% and 0-20 wt.%, respectively. The inorganic salt is chosen from alkali metal slat and alkaline rare-earth metal salt. The nanoparticle is chosen from nano-silica, nano-zinc oxide and nano-aluminum. The modifying agent is silicon-based surface modifying agent or titanate coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of water and polar organic solvent is 50-98 wt.% and 2-50 wt.%, respectively. The organic polar solvent is chosen from alcohol solvent, phenol solvent and epoxy solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fiber material is paper, fabric, non-woven fabric or fiber reinforced polymer. Fiber reinforced polymer contains greater than or equal to 10 wt.% reinforcing fiber. Adhesive layer has 1st adhesive layer, 2nd adhesive layer and polyolefin layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Weather-proof layer is chlorinated polyethylene layer consisting of greater than or equal to 50 wt.% chlorinated polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Liquid crystal material contains compound of formula (X) and/or compound of formula (XI). Preferred Processes: Liquid crystal panel is prepared by applying voltage and/or heat on greater than or equal to 1 pair of substrates. Another alignment film is formed on greater than or equal to 1 pair of substrates to increase alignment effect of film formed from photosensitive monomer. Preferred Definitions:    Sp=1-8C alkyl in which greater than or equal to 1 non-adjacent-CH2 is O or S;    P=acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl, vinyloxy, propenyl ether, epoxy, or formulae (V)-(IX); and    U1, X, Y1, Q=H, CH3, F, CF3, or Ph.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The positioning block is wood. The thickness of the adhesive is 8-12 mm. The adhesive is epoxy adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The waste solar module dismantling apparatus is made of tempered glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white inorganic particles are titanium oxide particles having average particle diameter of 0.1-1 mu m. The content of the white inorganic particles is (1-15 pts. wt.).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary encapsulating material sheet is transparent layer containing ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, and has melt flow index of 15-45 g/10 minutes. Preferred Property: The secondary encapsulating material sheet has melt flow index of 1-12 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The redox flow secondary battery is formed in the form of cellular foam among nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), poly acrylonitrile (PAN) and rayon material. The coating layer is formed among the platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), tungsten (W) and niobium (Nb) material. The battery is formed with the nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) alloy layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulating film is obtained from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), Oriented polypropylene (OPP), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), aramid film and nylon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises water-soluble or water-miscible alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol or alcohol ether such as propylene glycol methyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. The photo-initiator comprises benzophenone (preferred) and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone. The antistatic agent comprises quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent consisting of methyl propylene acyloxy dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, methacryloxylethyl butyl dimethyl ammonium bromide and methyl dimethylaminoazobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electronic device packaging resin comprises an organic silicone monomer used as a surface modifying agent. The organic silicone monomer comprises vinyl trimethoxy silane, dilute silicone and dimethyl silicone, preferably gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane. The UV curable resin comprises 5-30 wt.% of glycerol, 15-40 wt.% of trienoic acid esters, 10-40 wt.% of methylol group, 0.5-1 wt.% of benzene liquor, 8-15 wt.% of ethyl methacrylate, 10-25 wt.% of toluene diisocyanate, 20-40 wt.% of tetrahydrofuran, 3-8 wt.% of phenyl ketone, 10-35 wt.% of methyl methacrylate, and less than 1 wt.% of lead oxide. The auxiliary agent comprises an antifoaming agent, and a defoaming agent consisting of organic silicon defoaming agent, vinyl polymers and acrylic acid copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide or nano aluminum oxide powder, preferably titanium dioxide nanopowder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant, anti-aging agent, light stabilizer, light absorbent, coupling agent, and/or light stabilizer. The antioxidant is antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 or antioxidant BHT, preferably antioxidant 1010. The light stabilizer is light stabilizer 770 or light stabilizer 622LD, preferably light stabilizer 770. The light absorbent is light absorbent UV-P or light absorbent UV-O, preferably light absorbent UV-P. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent KH570 or silane coupling agent KH560, preferably silane coupling agent KH560.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and second weather-proof material is polyvinylidene fluoride film or ethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer film, preferably polyvinylidene fluoride film. The first weathering layer thickness is 20 mu m, and second weathering layer thickness is 5-30 mu m, preferably 30 mu m. The polyester base layer is polyethylene glycol terephthalate film, polybutylene terephthalate film, polyethylene terephthalate and/or polybutylene terephthalate, and thickness is 50-250 mu m. The adhesive is polyurethane adhesive, epoxy adhesive or acrylic acid adhesive, where adhesive bonding layer has thickness of 2-25 mu m. The transition layer thickness is 10 mu m. The polyacrylate polymer is poly(methyl methacrylate), and fluorine plastic is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester polyol has molecular weight of 5000-10000 (preferably 1000), a hydroxyl value of 15-30 mg potassium hydroxide (KOH)/g (preferably 20 mg KOH/g), and acid value of more than 2 mg KOH/g. The isocyanate curing agent is an aliphatic cycloaliphatic or aliphatic isocyanate compound or polymer. The polyester polyol is m-phthalic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, and octadecene dicarboxylic acid and neopentyl glycol, hexylene glycol, and butylene glycol has weight ratio of 0.2-0.5:-0.3-0.8:0.2-0.3:0.1-0.2:0.8-1:0.3-0.5:0.3-0.6. The isocyanate curing agent is hexamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer, or isophorone diisocyanate. The organic solvent is ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, toluene, xylene and/or cyclohexanone. The auxiliary agent comprises hydrolyzing agent, leveling agent, defoamer, and reaction promoter; where hydrolyzing agent is silane coupling agent, carbodiimide and derivatives, or epoxy resin; leveling agent is polyether-modified polymethysiloxane, polyester-modified polymethylsiloxane, methyl acrylic acid copolymer, or lecithin; defoamer is silicone resin or ethane diluted base; and reaction promoter is dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, dioctyltin dilaurate or triethanolamine. The molar ratio of isocyanate in isocyanate curing agent and hydroxyl in polyester polyol is 1.1, and adhesive has solid content of 45 wt.%. Preferred Method: The vacuumizing step is at 0.09-0.1 MPa for 4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic salt comprises acetate, hydrochloride, nitrate or other inorganic salts that are dissolved in glycol methyl ether. The substrate is aluminum foil, silicon wafer or other conductive substrate material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cross-linking agent is ketone type cross-linking agent, carbonic ester cross-linking agent and/or alkyl peroxide cross-linking agent. The antioxidant is hindered phenolic antioxidant, phosphite antioxidant and/or thioester antioxidant. The ultraviolet stabilizer is hindered amine light stabilizer and/or benzophenone light stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluororesin-containing film is polyvinyl fluoride film, polyvinylidene fluoride film, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene film, or thin film comprising fluorine-containing resin coating. The back plate comprises polyvinyl fluoride film, polyvinylidene fluoride film or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene film bonded to the PET substrate using adhesive film, or fluorine-containing resin coating directly coated on PET base material. The fluorine-containing resin coating comprises 100-200 pts. wt. fluorine-containing resin, 5-15 pts. wt. curing agent, 5-150 pts. wt. inorganic filler and 50-100 pts. wt. organic solvent. The fluorine-containing resin is trifluoroethylene-hydroxy vinyl ether copolymer, chlorotrifluoroehtylene-hydroxy vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hydroxy vinyl ether copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene-alkyl vinyl ester copolymer or tetrafluoroethylene-alkyl vinyl ester copolymer. The adhesive is polyester adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, acrylic ester adhesive or epoxy resin adhesive. The transparent EVA film has thickness of 50-100 mu m. The white EVA film has thickness of 10-35 mu m. The thickness of the fluorine-containing resin film is 10-35 mu m and thickness of the PET base material is 120-280 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The grain diameter of silicon carbide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles is 20-50 nm. The grain diameter of silicon carbide and aluminum oxide microparticles is 40-200 mu m. The amount of aluminum oxide is 13-40% of the wt. of the fillers. The auxiliary agent comprises an antioxidant, a lubricant and a heat stabilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compatibilizer is polyphenylene ether grafted maleic anhydride with a grafting rate of 0.8-1.5%. The toughening agent is polystyrene-poly(ethylene butylene)-polystyrene copolymer (SEBS) grafted maleic anhydride with a grafting rate of 0.8-1.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of acid to filler of alumina is 13-40%. The auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant, lubricant and heat stabilizer. The weight ratio of antioxidant, lubricant and heat stabilizer is 1:1:2. The compatibilizer is poly(phenyleneoxide) grafter maleic anhydride or polyphenylether grafted maleic anhydride. The toughening agent comprises grafting rate of 0.8-1.5% of styrene ethylene butadiene styrene grafted maleic anhydride. Preferred Process: The synthetic plastic component is uniformly mixed with binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The luminous complex is rare earth europium complex thenoyl-trifluoroacetone (TTA)-2 acrylic acid (AA)- 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen). The crosslinking agent is dibenzoyl peroxide. The antioxidant is 1,3,5 tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione or tris(2,4-di-tert-butyl phenyl) phosphite ester. The accelerating agent is triallyl triisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made from one of glass, flexible polymer or metal base material. The material of the anode is metal oxide or metal oxide containing a dopant. The active layer comprises electron donor material, electron acceptor material, polymer or organic small molecule semiconductor material. The material of the cathode is light-tight metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron transport layer is made of 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-nitrophenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-acetamido-4-nitrophenyl)thio) benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-nitro-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)thio) benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)thio) benzene, 3,4,5-dimethoxy-1-((4-ethoxy-phenyl-yl)thio) benzene, 3,4,5-dimethyl-2-((3,4,5-dimethoxyphenyl) thio)benzene, 3-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)thio) benzo-thiophene-2-methyl, 2-methyl fluorene-carboxamido-3-acetoxy-N-(2-methoxy-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)thio)-propionamide, 2-amino-3-hydroxy-N-(2-methoxy-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) thio)-propionamide, or 3,4,5-dimethoxy-1-((3-methoxyphenyl) thio) benzene. Preferred Definitions:    R5-R8=H, halogen, hydroxy, amino, methyl, ethyl, benzyl group, alkoxy group, nitro group, acyloxy group or amide group, preferably hydroxyl or amine, carboxylate, sulfonate esters, amides, peptides and the corresponding organic or inorganic salt derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method utilizes a conductive agent such as carbon, conductive graphite, and acetylene black, the bonding agent such as polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride, the current collector, such as foam copper, foam nickel, copper sheet or aluminum sheet, the lithium material such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethane or trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid imine lithium, the polymer membrane, which is three layers of polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene, and the electrolyte comprising ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, diglyme, tetraglyme and xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium compound is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate and/or lithium nitrate. The manganese compound is manganese acetate, manganese acetate, manganese nitrate and/or manganese carbonate. The iron compound is ferrous oxalate, ferrous chloride and/or ferric citrate. The silicon compound is silicon dioxide, ethyl orthosilicate, silicic acid, silica gel and/or liquid silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is sucrose, phenolic resin and/or asphalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon source is PVC, polyacrylonitrile and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode plate is silver oxide plate or electrode plate. The cathode package film utilized in the method is flexible aluminum-plastic film. The anode electrolyte utilized in the method is lithium hydroxide aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode electrolyte is lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium borate, ethylene carbonate, carbonic allyl ester, methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and/or methyl ethyl carbonate. The opening of the battery shell is made of epoxy resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer adhesive is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PVDF-hexafluoropropylene or PTFE solution. The hot-melt adhesive utilized in the method is polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester or polyamide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic crystalline compound is selected from a group including calcium fluorophosphate, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum trioxide, magnesium fluoride, titanium dioxide, barium trioxide and tungsten trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The VIS/IR reflecting metal layer of the functional film (a), comprises aluminum, silver (preferred) and/or copper. The functional layer (b) is made of aluminum, copper, silver, titanium, chromium, chromium alloys, stainless steel, gold, platinum, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon oxide of formula (SiOx), tantalum pentoxide, zirconium oxide, zirconium dioxide, niobium pentoxide, hafnium oxide, zinc-tin oxide, indium-tin oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride or titanium nitride, preferably aluminum, stainless steel, copper, titanium, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide of formula (SiOx), silicon nitride or zinc oxide. The thickness of the layer of metal nitrides, metal- or semi-metal oxides, mixed oxides or metals in the functional layer (b) is 5-300 nm, preferably 20-180 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components:. The adhesive layer in the layer (a) is a pressure sensitive adhesive made of acrylates, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyalphaolefins, silicones, or natural or synthetic rubber, preferably acrylates. The carrier film (c) has a thermoplastic resin made of polymethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate-cyclohexanedimethanol copolymer, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, a co-polycarbonate or polyester carbonate. The adhesive layer (d) comprises dispersion adhesives, hot melt adhesives, contact adhesives, plastisols, cyanoacrylates, methyl(meth)acrylates, anaerobically curing- and radiation curing- phenol-formaldehyde resins, silicones, silane-crosslinking polymer adhesives, epoxy resins, polyurethanes and adhesives, preferably hot melt adhesives or polyurethanes. The substrate layer (e) is made of thermoplastic resin, preferably polycarbonate (preferred), a co-polycarbonate, polyester carbonate, aliphatic polyolefins, cyclic polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, or cyclohexanedimethanol copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The top and bottom transparent-conducting oxide layers have aluminum oxide doped zinc oxide or indium tin oxide. The photovoltaic-absorber layer has one or more copper-zinc-tin-sulfur or selenide material layer or copper-indium-gallium-diselenide material layer. The barrier is comprised of chromium, molybdenum or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent protective layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon black has surface pH of 6-9. The conductive powder has powder resistivity of 10 m Omega or less. Preferred Composition: The conductive powder contains indium-tin oxide particulate, zinc oxide particulate and titanium hydride particles. The electrode further comprises hydrotalcite particles having magnesium as main component, and silica particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of organic binder is 0.5-5 %mass. The binder contains polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide-imide, aramid, polyacrylonitrile and/or polymethacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode is formed of indium tin oxide, carbon nanotube, tin oxide, zinc oxide, and indium zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The outer electrode is made of gold, platinum, silver, aluminum or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent insulator film is formed of polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resin film, polyvinyl alcohol film or polyimide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tin alloy layer membrane contains element(s) chosen from nickel and iron. The tin alloy layer membrane contains nickel tin (Ni3Sn2). The electroconductive particles has electric conductivity of more than 1x 102( Omega )-1.m-1, and an average particle diameter of 0.1-6 mu m. The content of electroconductive particles in tin alloy layer membrane is 0.1-30 %mass. The electroconductive particles contain carbon black, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, titanium nitride, titanium diboride, vanadium diboride, chromium diboride, titanium disilicide, zirconium disilicide and niobium silicide. The oxide film contains tin oxide, tin(II) hydroxide (Sn(OH)2 and Sn(OH)4), nickel hydroxide, and/or nickel oxide (NiO2, Ni2O3 and Ni3O4). An intermediate layer contained in the metal plate contains element(s) chosen from nickel and iron, preferably nickel tin (Ni3Sn2). A surface-treatment layer contained in the metal plate contains nickel, copper, silver and gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic electronic element has a resin film as substrate. The organic electroluminescent element is formed by laminating an anode (2), a positive hole injection layer (3), a light emitting layer (1) and a cathode (4). The organic electroluminescent element further has a positive hole transport layer (6). The positive hole injection layer, positive hole transport layer and/or transparent electrode are formed using the organic electronic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar adjustment substituent is of formula: -R11-A1+-R12.X- (i), -R21-A2+(-R22)(-R23).X- (ii) or -R31-A3+(-R32)(-R33).X- (iii). The charge-transporting unit is an aromatic amine, a carbazole or a thiophene.R11,R12,R21-R23,R31-R34,A1-A3=not defined.N.B: R11, R12, R21-R23, R31-R34, A1-A3 are defined in the disclosure, but not in the claims.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer or oligomer further has polymerizable substituent(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxidative chemical vapor deposition uses oxidizing agent selected from CuCl2, FeCl3, FeBr3, I2, POBr3, GeCl4, SbI3, Br2, SbF5, SbCl5, TiCl4, POCl3, SO2Cl2, CrO2Cl2, S2Cl, O(CH3)3SbCl6, VCl4, VOCl3, BF3, (CH3(CH2)3)2O.BF3, (C2H5)3O(BF4), or BF3.O(C2H5)2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxidative chemical vapor deposition uses vapor-phase monomer including 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive polymer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium-containing complex oxide is lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, and/or lithium manganate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of polyacene additive in the binder is 4-11 mol%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin having benzene ring is styrene-butadiene rubber or aromatic polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of repeating unit (I) is 30 mol% or more with respect to total content of all the repeating units. The repeating unit (I) is chosen from 4-methyl-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzamide, 1,4-bis(4-methylphenyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, 1,4-dimethylbenzene and/or 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene, 4-methyl-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzamide and/or 1,4-bis(4-methylphenyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene and/or 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene. The total content of 4-methyl-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzamide, 1,4-bis(4-methylphenyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, 1,4-dimethylbenzene and/or 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene is 30-70 mol% with respect to total content of repeating units. The total content of 1,4-dimethylbenzene and/or 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,4-dimethylbenzene is 30-70 mol% with respect to total content of repeating units.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyimide obtained from the polyimide precursor has light transmittance of more than 72% at wavelength of 10 mu m to 400 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The silicon dioxide layer is heated in an atmosphere comprising hydrogen or a mixture of 2-20 vol.% hydrogen and an inert gas. Preferred Composition: The silicon dioxide layer is coated with a layer of hydrogenated silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicon-containing polymer comprises hydrogen silsesquioxane resin mixed with a silicon-containing polymer having hydrocarbon groups bonded to silicon, which is a poly(methylhydrogensiloxane). The solution for coating on wafer is a solution of a hydrogen silsesquioxane resin in a volatile siloxane solvent or a solution of a hydrogen silsesquioxane resin in an aliphatic ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The polyethylene composition has a melt index of 0.5-5 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C/2.16 kg according to ASTM D1238 standard.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layer further comprises: 5-95 wt.% of component including less than 0.001 mole% of ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene methyl acrylate, ethylene butyl acrylate, ethylene ethyl acrylate, ethylene acrylic acid and ethylene metacrylic acid copolymer or ionomer or terpolymer; and polyisobutylene. The polyethylene composition further comprises modifiers having 3-12C carbon atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer having ring structure, contains heteroatom-containing structural unit of formula (I). The adhesive agent further contains hardening agent chosen from at least one of polyisocyanate (block) compound, epoxy resin, and oxazoline group containing resin.R1=H, 1-20C hydrocarbyl optionally having halo, tetrahydroglycidyl or furfuryl;R2=methylene;R3=methylene or direct bond;R4=H, 1-4C alkyl, phenyl, carboxy, ester or cyano;R5=direct bond or methylene;X,Y'==1-4C alkyl, imino, carbonyl, O or S;andZ=direct bond , methylene optionally having 1-4C alkyl, imino, carbonyl, O, or S.At least one of Z, X and Y' are O, S, or imino which do not adjoin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The isotropic conductive adhesive comprises: a mixture of silver coated polymer beads and adhesive matrix with the polymer beads forming 20-60 vol.% (preferably 25-50 vol.%) of the mixture; and a film substrate layer upon which the mixture of the silver coated polymer beads within the adhesive matrix is deposited. Preferred Components: The mean average diameter of the polymer cores of the beads is less than or equal to 25 mu m, preferably less than or equal to 20 mu m. The polymer cores of the beads have a coefficient of variation in diameter of less than 5%, preferably less than 3%. The incidence of polymer cores of the beads with a diameter less than two thirds of the mean diameter or with a diameter greater than 1.5 times the mean diameter is less than 1 in 1000. The average thickness of the silver is less than or equal to 350 nm. The average thickness of the silver is less than 5% (preferably less than 3%) of the diameter of the polymer core of the bead. The coverage of the polymer core of the bead with silver is more than 80% of the surface area of the polymer core. Preferred Method: The method includes a step of applying silver to coat the beads with at least 80% coverage of the surface. The method comprises: applying the silver via electroless-plating; mixing a two component epoxy to form the adhesive matrix, and then mixing the coated polymer beads into the matrix; and applying the combined silver coated polymer beads and adhesive matrix to a film substrate layer to form an isotropic conductive film. The silver coated polymer beads and adhesive matrix are combined with the polymer beads forming 25-50 vol.% of the mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anodic or cathodic material comprises at least one of carbon, lithium titanate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium iron phosphate, or lithium iron manganese phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and styrene butadiene copolymer (SBR).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The step (ii) includes pre-forming the seal member in tape or string form from the butyl rubber-based thermoplastic sealing material and extending the seal member on the peripheral region of the surface of one panel where the cured silicone gel coating is not formed. The step (iv) includes heating the panels at 100-150 degrees C in vacuum. The step (iv) is carried out using a vacuum laminator. Preferred Components: The two panels are colorless tempered glass plates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The curable silicone gel composition comprises (A) 100 pts. wt. of an organopolysiloxane containing at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group per molecule, having a structure of formula (RaR1bSiO(4-a-b)/2), (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane containing at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule, in such an amount as to give 0.3-2.5 moles of silicon-bonded hydrogen per mole of silicon-bonded alkenyl in component (A), and (C) an addition reaction catalyst. The organohydrogenpolysiloxane (B) has an average degree of polymerization of 40-400. The cured silicone gel coating has a thickness of 200-1000 mu m.R = alkenyl;R1 = optionally substituted 1-10C monovalent hydrocarbyl group free of aliphatic unsaturation;a = 0.0001-0.2; andb = 1.7-2.2, where the sum of a and b is 1.9-2.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resistance surface is made of polyethylene, PVC or polypropylene without or with fiber reinforcement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flow guide plate is acid-resistant with gasket made of PVC, polypropylene, fluorine rubber or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The phase change energy storage material is metabolite, calcium chloride, calcium chloride, one or several kinds of nitric acid or a mixture of sodium nitrate, or sodium fluoride, sodium chloride is the mixture of polyethylene glycol and paraffin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During dispersion, precursor of noble metal and precursor of transition metal is dispersed in ethylene glycol, then carrier is added and dispersed. During manufacture of electrode catalyst, reduction promoter is added to the obtained dispersion liquid after dispersion or before heating, or after dispersing precursor of noble metal and precursor of transition metal to ethylene glycol, and before adding and dispersing carrier. Before heating or after adding reduction promoter, inert gas is bubbled. Water is added after adding reduction promoter, and before or after adding and dispersing carrier. The catalyst particles formed on carrier is baked at 200-1000 degrees C under inert gas atmosphere. Preferred Property: The catalyst particles have average particle diameter of 2-3.5 nm. Preferred Composition: The content of catalyst particles with respect to transition metal of noble metal is 1-30 atomic%. The content of catalyst particles is 5-60 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass electrode catalyst. The catalyst particles contain uniform transition metal atom. The noble metal is platinum. The transition metal is chosen from ruthenium, molybdenum, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, iron, nickel, titanium, tungsten, palladium, rhenium, chromium, manganese, niobium, tantalum and gold, preferably cobalt. The carrier is chosen from activated carbon, conductive carbon, graphite, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon molecular sieve and carbon black. The addition quantity of hydroxide ion required for generation of hydroxide of transition metal is 3.5-7 equivalents of reduction promoter, or 20-100 times mol of water. The precursor of noble metal is salt or complex of platinum. The precursor of transition metal is salt or complex of transition metal, preferably cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound (I) is of formula (Ia), preferably tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. The compound (II) is of formula (Ib), preferably tris(diethylene glycol methylether)borane (DEGMEB) or tris(triethylene glycol methyl ether)borane (TEGMEB). The amount of compound (I) or (II) is 1-50 weight%. The nonaqueous organic solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile and their mixture, preferably glutaro nitrile or adiponitrile. The electrolyte includes tris(diethylene glycol methylether)borane and dimethyl carbonate in volume ratio of 4:1. The electrolyte further includes 1-10 wt.% additive chosen from vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, monofluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, succinic anhydride, 1,3-propane sultone and their mixture.R12-R26=H or halo;andR27-R29=1-20C allyl or 1-20C alkyl (both optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The stationary plate is made of metal material selected from steel materials and aluminum material, resin board, fiber-reinforced-plastics material or ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fiber-reinforced plastics reinforced fiber is inorganic fiber such as carbon fiber, glass fiber and basalt fiber, metal fiber such as boron fiber, titanium fiber and steel fiber, organic fiber such as aramid, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole, polyamide, polyarylate and polyester. The fiber-reinforced plastics resin, epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, MMA resin, acrylic resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenol resin, nylon or vinylon is used in disk unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic glass panel is made of material such as acrylic, polycarbonate and para-methoxy-n-methylamphetamine. The inorganic glass substrate is made of material such as flint glass, crown glass, borosilicate glass, float glass and eagle glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of monoalcohol is 5-70 %mass with respect to content of fluid. The 1-4C monoalcohol is of formula: OH-C(-R)(-CH3)-CH2-CH2-OH.R=H or alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating film comprises resin chosen from urethane resin having polycarbonate structure, urethane resin having aliphatic polyester structure and urethane-acrylate composite resin in which acrylic resin has structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate. Preferred Process: The coating film has crosslinked structure formed using crosslinkable functional group chosen from methylol amide group and alkoxy methylamide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The potting material is selected from a group consisting of epoxy, polyurethane, thermo-setting plastics and silicone rubber gels.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: UV reflection agent is chosen from aluminum hydroxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, talc or barium. White pigment is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: White base material consists of film formed by bonding together polyester film containing white pigment or white pigment and polyester film which does not include white pigment. White layer applies white resin composition containing UV reflection agent and thermoplastic resin, photoresist, or thermosetting resin on white base material. Resin layer consists of application layer of resin composition containing polyester film or polyester resin, and white pigment. Resin layer consists of polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. Preferred Parameters: Haze of resin layer is 15-28%. UV-ray which transmits resin layer among UV-rays which inject with incident angle of 0-5 degrees toward the resin layer injects into white layer with incident angle of 45 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing ethylenic monomer is tetrafluoroethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The aqueous fluorine-containing polymer dispersion is heated at 50 degrees C or more for 1 hour or more, to adjust pH to 2 or less. Preferred Composition: The content of iron ion with respect to purified aqueous fluorine-containing polymer dispersion is 1000 ppb or less. The fluorine-containing polymer in the aqueous fluorine-containing polymer dispersion has structural unit derived from fluoro monomer of formula: CF2=CF-(O)n1-(CF2CFY1-O)n2-(CFY2)n3-A (I). The fluorine-containing polymer is a copolymer having structural unit derived from fluoro monomer (I), and structural unit derived from another fluorine-containing ethylenic monomer of formula: CF2=CF-Rf1 (II).Y1=halo or perfluoroalkyl, preferably trofluoromethyl;n1=0 or 1, preferably 1;n2=0-3, preferably 0 or 1;Y2=halo, preferably fluoro;n3=1-8, preferably 2;A=-SO2Y or -COOR;Rf1=fluoro, chloro, Rf2 or ORf2;andRf2=1-9C linear or branched perfluoroalkyl optionally having ether bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic device has an organic semiconductor layer (3) comprising electron-donating organic material between negative electrode (4) and positive electrode (2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-donating organic material consists of thienopyrrole dione structural unit of formula (II).X=bivalent coupling group maintaining conjugation structure, having cyclopenta-dithiophene structure of formula (III) or benzodithiophene structure of formula (IV);n=2-1000;andR2-R5=optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, aryl or heteroaryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The dye-sensitized solar cell further contains porous metal oxide in which graphene is coated on inner and outer surface of pores to thickness of 1-500 nm. The counter electrode is aluminum and stainless steel thin metal plate or non-conductive substrate or conductive substrate on which metal chosen from copper, silver, gold, platinum and nickel is coated.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, tungsten oxide, strontium oxide and/or zirconium oxide. The electrolyte is liquid electrolyte or solid electrolyte. Preferred Properties: The metal oxide has diameter of 1 nm to 900 mu m. The carbon nano-web has thickness of 0.1 mu m to 10 mm. Carbon nanofiber comprised in the carbon nano-web has diameter of 1-1000 nm. The graphene has breadth of 1-10 mu m. Preferred Process: The graphene is coated on inner and outer surface of carbon nano-web to thickness of 0.01-1000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye comprises ruthenium or coumarin dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent substrate comprises glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polyurethane, epoxy resin and/or polyamide. The separation film comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, cellulose, polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl alcohol and/or polyvinylidene fluoride. Preferred Property: The separation film has thickness of 10-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-nucleating material comprises is a ceramic material consisting of silicon oxide-nitride-carbide compound (SiOxNyCz), where x is greater than or equal to 0.3, and y and z are greater than or equal to 0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organosilicon polymers are polysilazane, polysiloxane, polyalkylsiloxanes and/or perhydropolysilazanes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alumina particles is 5-90 %mass. The alumina particles are rod-shaped or needle-shaped boehmite or pseudo-boehmite, and have average length of maximum dimension of 2-20 nm in cross section, average length of 5-200 nm and aspect ratio of 2.5-100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The acid value of the carboxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate monomer is 10-300 mg potassium hydroxide/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable composition further comprises a polymeric compound (C). Preferred Properties: The mean line expansion coefficient of transparent film is 50 ppm/ degrees C or less at surface direction of 50-200 degrees C. The birefringence of the vertical direction of the transparent film is 30 nm or less with respect to 100 mu m thickness of transparent film. The heat conductivity of the transparent film is 0.5 W/m.K or more along the vertical direction of film plane. Preferred Process: The curable composition is coated on the plane including a solvent and the solvent is dried during manufacturing of transparent film. The hardening method is carried out by heating and/or ultraviolet-ray irradiating. Preferred Definitions:    n,m=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The time dependent change of the light transmittance of polyimide is less than 30% which is measured by light irradiation deterioration accelerated test using high pressure mercury lamp at 120 degrees C for 200 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal contained in the metal oxide layer is chosen from titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium. The platinum group metal contained in the platinum group metal content layer and/or its oxide layer is chosen from iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and platinum, or their oxide. The substrate contains alloy containing metal chosen from titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and vanadium. Preferred Properties: The metal oxide layer has thickness of 50-700 nm. The platinum group metal content layer and/or its oxide layer have a thickness of 10-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of calcium element is 100 ppm or less. The separator further comprises 150 ppm or less, preferably 100 ppm or less aluminum element. The compound having carbon-carbon triple bond is a compound having carbonate ester skeleton, sulfonic acid ester skeleton, sulfuric ester skeleton, and sulfite ester skeleton, a compound having cyclic carbonate skeleton, compound of formula (I), compound of formula (II), a compound of formula (III) and compound of formula (IV).R1-R9 = H, 1-12C alkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl or 6-12C aryl, where R2 and R3, R5 and R6, R7 and R8 may form 3-6C cycloalkyl;x, y = 1 or 2;Y1, Y2 = -O-C(=O)-O, -O-C(=O)-, -C(=O)-O-,-O-C(=O)-C(=O)-O-, -O-S(=O)-O-, -O-S(=O)(=O)-, -S(=O)(=O)-O or -O-S(=O)(=O)-O-;Z1 = H, 1-12C alkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl, 6-12C aryl, or 7-12C aralkyl;X, Z = CR12, C=O, C=N-R1a, C=P-R1a, O, S, N-R1a or P-R1a;Y3 = CR12, C=O, S=O, S(=O)2, P(=O)-R2a or P(=O)-OR3a;R, R1a = 1-20C hydrocarbon which may have hydrogen, a halogen, or a substituent,and may mutually be same or different;R2a = 1-20C hydrocarbon which may have a substituent;R3a = Li, NR4a or a 1-20C hydrocarbon which may have a substituent;R4a = 1-20C hydrocarbon which may have a substituent, and may mutually be same or different;n, m = an integer greater than or equal to 0;W1 = R; andY4 = C=O, S=O, S(=O)2, P(=O)-R2 or P(=O)-OR3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent contains methyl ethyl ketone and/or ethyl acetate, and auxiliary solvent. Preferred Property: The evaporating rate when butyl acetate of the auxiliary solvent is made into the reference value of 1 is less than the evaporating rate of the methyl ethyl ketone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin consists of acrylic resin, or acrylic resin and fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive resistance layer is made of styrenebutadiene adhesive agent, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and conductive carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The low-melting-point coating layer is made of paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Definitions:    n=0-2;and    X-=PF6-, (CF3SO2)2N-(TSFI-), BF4-, Cl- or Br-.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 imidazolidine-type compounds i.e. 3-butyl-1-(2-(2-(2-(1-(2-(2-(2-(1-(2-(2-(2-(1-butyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium trishexafluorophosphate, 3-butyl-1-(2-(2-(2-(1-butyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium bishexafluorophosphate of formula (A), and 3-butyl-1-(2-(2-(2-(1-butyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium bistriflimide are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 23 g Potassium hexafluorophosphate aqueous solution was added to 30 mL acetonitrile solution of 38.17 g 1-butyl-3-(2-(2-(2-(3-butyl-2H-1,3-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2H-1,3-imidazole ortho toluene sulphonamide, mixed uniformly and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours. The resultant reaction mixture was washed with 30 mL distilled water for 3 times, dried by sodium sulfate, concentrated by a rotating evaporator, and dried in an oven under vacuum at 105 degrees C for overnight using phosphorus pentoxide, to obtain 30.3 g 1-butyl-3-(2-(2-(2-(3-butyl-2H-1,3-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2H-1,3-imidazole dihexafluorophosphate having yield of 85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-containing metal phosphate compound is lithium iron phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder dispersant is carboxyl methyl cellulose. The polar solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, or dimethyl sulfoxide. The surface active agent is a fatty acid such as oleic acid or lithium oleate, fatty acid ester, fatty alcohol ester, alkoxylated alcohol, alkoxylated amine, fatty alcohol sulfate, phosphate ester, imidazolium or quaternary ammonium salt, ethylene oxide/propelene oxide, Tween surfactants (RTM: Ethylene Surfactant) produced by Uniquema such as Tween80 (RTM: non-ionic surfactant) and Tween81 (RTM: Sorbitan fatty acid ester ethoxylate), polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate, an anionic or nonionic surfactant such as a sulfosuccinate, a sulfate, a sulfonate and ocytylphenol ethoxylate, a low foam surfactant such as Triton-DF (RTM: nonionic, low foam surfactant) and Triton-CF (RTM: nonionic, low foam surfactant) series, alcohol ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, an alkyl diphenyl oxide disulfonate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or Triton (RTM: Non-ionic surfactant).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-soluble synthetic resin or water-dispersible synthetic resin is polyacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal electrode is provided with a calcium and aluminum film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The titanium dioxide has particle size of 20-30 nm and specific surface area of 90-120 m2/g. The metal of IB group has particle size of 5-10 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal of IB group is metal copper, silver or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reducing agent is ascorbic acid, sodium borohydride, ethylene glycol, glycerol and/or ionic surfactant. The ionic surfactant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The back panel further comprises cap layer. The protective layer is made of stainless steel material with 0.05-10 mu m thickness. The protective layer comprises graphite layer with 0.2-2 mu m thickness and diamond-like carbon layer with 5-50 mu m thickness. The packaging layer comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral and/or silicone having 5-50 mu m thickness. The insulating layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate plastic, high-density polyethylene, fiber paper and/or mica having 100-300 mu m thickness. The cap layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, plastics, high density polyethylene or polyvinyl fluoride having 20-100 mu m thickness.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyethylene terephthalate film has intrinsic viscosity of 0.6-0.65 dl/g. The thickness of the core layer and surface layer is 12-280 mu m and 5-35 mu m, respectively. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the core layer and surface layer is 3:1-9:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trivalent aluminum ion solution is aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate or sodium aluminate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The certain viscosity is 0.18-0.22 Pa.s. The viscosity of solution diluted with tetrahydrofuran is 0.08-0.12 Pa.s.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heat-conducting filler is inorganic filler crystal whisker, chopped glass fibers, and/or white inorganic filler powder. The inorganic filler crystal whisker is alumina crystal whisker, magnesium oxide crystal whisker, silicon carbide whisker, silicon nitride whisker, aluminum nitride whisker, and/or boron nitride crystal whisker. The white inorganic filler powder is titanium white, lithopone, and/or zinc white.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is glass, sapphire, quartz, solar energy battery sheet, silicon sheet or organic polymer substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pore-forming agent is terephthalic acid. The organic solvent is N,N-methylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone. Preferred Composition: The pore-forming agent is 1-8 wt.% of spinning solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, asphalt, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and/or phenolic resin; where number average molecular weight is 50-300 w, preferably 150 w. Preferred Composition: The polymer is 6-15 wt.% of spinning solution. Preferred Method: Spinning is carried out by electrostatic spinning, where voltage is 15-35 kV, spinning solution flow rate is 0.5-5.0 ml/hour, and temperature is 15-40 degrees C. Carbonization is carried out by pre-oxidizing and carbonization under inert atmosphere. Pre-oxidation is carried out at 180-280 degrees C for 1-4 hours, preferably 2 hours. Carbonization is carried out under inert gas, preferably nitrogen or argon atmosphere, carbonization temperature is 600-1400 degrees C, temperature increasing speed is 1-10 degrees C per minute, carbonization time is 1-4 hours, preferably 2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The single-junction amorphous silicon solar cell comprises zinc oxide doped tin dioxide transparent conductive thin film, zinc oxide doped aluminum transparent conductive thin film, doped boron transparent conductive thin film and indium-tin-oxide transparent conductive thin film, metal conductive layer thin film comprising silver and aluminum. The copper-indium-gallium-selenium solar cell comprises copper-indium-gallium-selenium, copper-indium-gallium-selenium and copper-indium-selenium, back electrode made of molybdenum, N junction comprising cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and zinc selenide, window layer made of intrinsic zinc oxide layer, and front electrode comprising zinc oxide doped aluminum transparent conductive film, zinc oxide doped boron transparent conductive film and the indium-tin-oxide transparent conductive film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particle added is 1-9 wt.% or 11-19 wt.%. The inorganic particles are titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, and/or silica, with particle diameter of 0.3-1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive may be carbodiimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate film is polyester film comprising polyethylene terephthalate, poly(butylene terephthalate), polyethylene naphthalate, polycaprolactam or poly adipic acid hexanediamine. The barrier layer is polyvinylidene chloride or ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer. The hydrolysis layer and high-reflectivity hydrolysis layer is polyethylene terephthalate, poly(butylene terephthalate), polyethylene naphthalate or polycarbonate. The adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy resin, or polyurethane resin. The hydrolysis layer and high-reflectivity hydrolysis layer contains additive comprising polycarbodiimide amines, epoxidized polyolefins, and/or polyolefin maleic anhydride, with dosage amount of 0.5-10 wt.%. The high-reflectivity hydrolysis layer is polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic molecules are alkyl sulfhydryl, which is hexanethiol or butyl mercaptan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is polyvinyl alcohol, sodium stearate and/or paraffin oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ethyl cellulose alcohol solution comprises 0.05 g/ml ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solar cell comprises photoelectric transformation layer containing 60-70C fluorene derivative. The weight ratio of pyrene compound and fluorene derivative is 1:0.5-1:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sheet further contains 0.2-2 wt.% polycarbodiimide compound having carboxyl terminal group and has molecular weight of 10000-30000 g/mol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The graphite catalytic layer pattern preparing step includes pressurizing the graphite catalytic layer, and forming the graphite catalytic layer on a substrate. The method comprises forming second pattern by pressurizing graphite catalytic layer of the first pattern using a stamp. The method comprises removing a polymer mold from the graphite catalytic layer pattern, heating back up graphite catalytic layer, transcribing substrate to the back up graphite catalytic layer, and dipping the back up graphite catalytic layer in graphite solution to prepare third graphite catalytic layer pattern. The preparation step further comprises forming the graphite catalytic layer pattern on a seed film using an electrochemical plating method, forming the seed film on the material of the graphite catalytic layer pattern in the polymer layer pattern image to obtain fourth pattern corresponding to the first pattern. The method comprises forming polymer layer pattern through hot embossing process. The method includes performing wet etch process on the graphite catalytic layer pattern and forming supporting part on the etched pattern to obtain fifth pattern corresponding to the first pattern.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: That slurry includes a carbon-based material consisting of graphite or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer based substrate is polyester or polychlorotrifluoroethylene. The coating material is acrylate, carbamate, polyolefin, fluorocarbon, chrome stearate and silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The feeding process is carried out by mixing 5-20 pts. wt. of master batch chip and 80-95 pts. wt. of pure EVA resin. The melting is performed at low temperature of less than 100 degrees C for heating the powder additive or the liquid additive. The extruder with a front-end is heated with less than 50 degrees C to prevent the inlet port blockage in which the powder additive melts in an inlet port. The master batch chip is cut to the size of 2-3 mm by the pelletizer. The amount of vinyl acetate in EVA is 25-35 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fixing unit is made of urethane, polyethylene, polystyrene and polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pouch-type auxiliary battery has a resin layer and a metal layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is halide redox system electrolyte, ferrocene-dialkyl sulfonate ions, metal oxide reducing agent electrolyte, alkyl thiol-alkyl sulfide, viologen dye or organic redox electrolyte system, and is in semi-solid state. The dye sensitized solar cell comprises a dye comprising ruthenium system dye (ruthenium complex), xanthene system dye (i.e. rhodamine B, rose bengal, eosin or erythrosine), cyanine based dye (cryptocyanine), basic dye (phenosafranine, cabri blue, thiosine or methylene blue), porphyrin-based compounds (chlorophyll, zinc porphyrin and magnesium porphyrin), azo dyes, phthalocyanine modified compound, anthraquinone dye or polycyclic quinone-based dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet stabilizer contains hindered amine group stabilizer. The ultraviolet absorber is benzophenone group or benzotriazole group absorber. Preferred Property: The back sheet has transmittance of 50% or more at wavelength of 380-1200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The acrylic resin is polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The platinum-polyaniline nanofiber electrode is synthesized by interfacial polymerization method, and has diameter of 80-100 nm. The dye-sensitized solar cell further comprises ruthenium (II) 535 bis-TBA dye and redox reaction electrolyte absorbed to titanium oxide electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive diluent is chosen from hydroxy alkyl(meth)acrylate, polyalkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane diallylether, alkyl (meth)acrylate, vinyl toluene, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and vinyl acetate. The pulverized coal has average particle size of 0.3 ? or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet curable resin includes 20-50 pts. wt. ultraviolet curable acryl-type oligomer, 1-20 pts. wt. reactive diluent, 0.5-5 pts. wt. photoinitiator, 1-5 pts. wt. surfactant and 1-80 pts. wt. water. The ultraviolet curable acryl-type oligomer is chosen from polyester acrylate-type oligomer, urethane acrylate-type oligomer and epoxy acrylate-type oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-gel type electrolyte layer includes nano-silica powder, silylpropyl methacrylate and silyl propionitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic solvent includes UV-curable urethane acrylate monomer, oligomer, polymer and its copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitrobenzene derivative compound is chosen from 20 compounds e.g. di-nitroanisole, nitroanisole, nitroaniline, nitrobenzaldehyde and nitrobenzamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of crosslinking agent is 0.1-2.5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene copolymer resin. The organic peroxide includes dialkyl peroxide-type compound, alkylperoxy ester-type compound and/or peroxy ketone-type compound, preferably alkylperoxy ester-type compound. The content of organic peroxide is 0.2-4 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The total thickness of radiator is 30-50%. Preferred Components: The primary heat radiation component and secondary heat radiation component is soft or hard plastic material, foamed synthetic resin ash, rubber or silicone material and/or hard timber or metal, or copper, nickel, aluminum and/or copper alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The noncombustible liquid is calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, ethylene glycol and ethyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The internal space between the glass and the substrate are charged with an inert gas in addition with a hygroscopic agent comprising calcium oxide (CaO), barium oxide (BaO), lithium oxide (LiO) or zirconium oxide (ZrO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit powder comprises lead oxide or bismuth oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of rare-earth metal or its oxide, aluminum powder and glass frit powder in aluminum paste composition is 0.05-2 weight%, 60-80 weight% and 0.5-4 weight%, respectively. Preferred Property: The aluminum powder has particle size (D50) of 0.5-15 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The rare-earth metal is chosen from yttrium, lanthanum, scandium, cerium, samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium, and has average particle diameter of 0.01-30 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic binder is cellulosic resin, acrylic resin, butylcarbitol or terpinol. The content of organic binder in aluminum paste composition is 5-40 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The conductive tin-based powder has average particle size of 0.1-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The conductive tin-based powder is indium-based tin oxide, antimony tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide. The amount of silver powder is 1-20 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. paste composition. The glass frit powder comprises lead oxide or bismuth oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic binder is cellulosic resin, acrylic resin, butylcarbitol and terpinol. The paste composition further contains organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The indium hydroxide or indium oxide, dodecylamine or ammonium polymethacrylate, hydroxycellulose and polyethylene glycol are mixed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The collected material comprises silicone, copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, cadmium, selenium, gallium, indium and/or tellurium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photocurable sealing portion is made of reactive oligomer, reactive monomer and photoinitiator such as epoxy-based resin, urethane resin, polyester resin, silicone resin, polyenes/polythiol resin and spirane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises applying an anatase titanium dioxide nanopowder within the titanium oxychloride aqueous solution, and generating current using an ion exchange membrane. The template is heated at a temperature of less than or equal to 550 degrees C. The solution in the container is titanium oxychloride aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The template comprises a single dispersion hole that is formed with the polymethylmethacrylate or polystyrene.
Preferred Definitions:    A=group (III);    R1-R8=H, halo, OH, NH2, Me, Et, amino, or group further substituted into corresponding phosphate, carboxylic acid ester, sulfonic acid ester, amide, peptide or organic or inorganic salt derivative; and    R10-R18=H, halo, OH, optionally substituted amino, cyano, alkyl, or alkoxy.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 11 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-nitro-4-methoxyphenyl) thio) benzene (Ia), 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl) thio) benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-l-((3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) thio) benzene, 3,4,5-dimethoxy-1-((4)thio) benzene, or 3,4,5-dimethoxy-1-((3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)thio) benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The back electrode is made of conductive metal material, conductive inorganic material or conductive organic high molecular material, where the conductive metal material is selected from graphite, and carbon nano-tube, the conductive inorganic material is copper, nickel, zinc, tin, magnesium, aluminum, manganese, chromium, cadmium, tellurium, indium, antimony, titanium, gold, platinum, silver, zinc aluminum, indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide and alloy, and the conductive organic high molecular material is composed of a composite material selected from polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyacetylene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene sulfide, fullerenes and its derivatives. The composite structure comprises material of the absorptive layer selected from six group compound, silicon material, an organic material and dye sensitized material. The six group compound is selected from cadmium telluride material, copper indium selenide material, copper indium gallium selenide material, and copper zinc selenide sulfide material, five group compound is selected from gallium arsenide material, indium phosphide material and indium gallium phosphide material, silicon material is selected from phthalocyanine green, polysilicon, a silicon film and a silicon crystal one kind of the organic photo-electric material, methyl beijerinckia, anthracene, biphenyl, phthalocyanine and its derivatives and polythiophene, the dye-sensitized material is titanium oxide and coloring agent, the coloring agent comprises an inorganic material or organic material, the inorganic material comprises ruthenium dye, the organic material is selected from indoline dye, coumarin dye, aniline dye, essence dye, acid dye, aniline dye, carbazole dye, fluorene, bi-naphthalene embedded benzene dye, a quinoline dye, a porphyrin dye and phthalocyanine dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the base material layer, fluororesin membrane layer and adhesive layer is 150-350 microns, 5-50 microns and 1-15 microns, respectively. Preferred Composition: The material of the base material layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, polycaprolactam, polyhexamethylene adipamide or polycarbonate. The adhesive layer is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral resin, epoxy resin or polyurethane resin. The material of the fluororesin membrane layer comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer. The flame retardant comprises phosphorus-nitrogen based flame retardant or halogen-based flame retardant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is 0.6-1.6 mol/l lithium hexafluorophosphate, 0.01-0.6 mol/l dilithium oxalate borate, 0.01-0.6 mol/l lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, 0.01-0.6 mol/l lithium tetrafluoroborate, 0.01-0.6 mol/l lithium-boron-fluoride (LiB12F12) and 0.01-0.6 mol/l lithium bis(oxalate)borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 5H-(1,2)oxathiole 2,2-dioxide compound (I) is selected from 5-fluoro-5H-(1,2)oxathiole 2,2-dioxide,5-fluoro-4-vinyl-5H-(1,2)oxathiole 2,2-dioxide, 5-fluoro-2,2-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-2-lambda-6-(1,2)oxathiole-4-carbonitrile. The linear carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonate. The linear carboxylic acid ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl butyrate and ethyl butyrate. The cyclic carboxylic acid ester is gamma -butyrolactone. The film-forming additive is selected from vinylene carbonate, ethylene vinylene carbonate, fluoro-ethylene carbonate and ethylene sulfite. The high temperature additive selected from ethylene sulfite, sulfurous acid butylene ester, sulfuric acid ester, 1, 3-propane sultone and 1, 4-sulfonic acid. Preferred Composition: The additive further comprises 0.5-5 mass% film forming additive. The concentration of the linear carbonate is 1-30 mass%. The concentration of the cyclic carbonate is 30 mass%. The concentration of the linear carboxylic acid ester is 30 mass%. The concentration of the gamma -butyrolactone is 35 mass%. The concentration of the high temperature additive is 0.5-5 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic solvent is 0.1-10 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. salt. The nonaqueous organic solvent is cyclic carbonate and/or chain-type carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The wholly-aromatic polyester amide copolymer resin has glass transition temperature more than 200 degrees C and melting temperature of 250-400 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anti-reflection particles are made of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, hafnium dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, zinc oxide, aluminum dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride and aluminum indium gallium phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The back sheet is made of silver, copper/tin, aluminum/tin, magnesium/zinc, magnesium/tin, manganese/ tin, bismuth/tin, aluminum/lithium, calcium/lithium or alloy selected from mercury/tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amine group solvent is hydrazine, hydrazine monohydrate, hydrazinehydrate, ammonium hydroxide, oleylamine, monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, diethylene diamine, triethylenetetramine, toluenediamine and/or acetonitrile. The thiol group solvent is 1-hexanethiol, 1-hexadecanethiol, 1-dodecane thiol, 1-octadecanethiol and/or 1-octanethiol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The sweet potato starch has highest intensity when the ion peak value is 1634.8 m/z peak, the corn starch has the highest intensity when the ion peak value is 1697.8 m/z peak and 1981.0 m/z peak, and the tapioca starch has the highest intensity when the ion peak value is 1085.5 m/z peak.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further comprises distinguishing the kind of starches through a difference of the unique ion peak value, where the ion peak is obtained using mass spectrometry of the peptides generated by the breakdown enzyme obtained by processing the protein breakdown enzyme after extracting a protein from food or mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, m-cresol, tetrahydrofuran, and/or chloroform.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Unit (I) is obtained by polymerizing 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride and 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl. Unit (II) is obtained by polymerizing pyromellitic dianhydride and ODA. The molar ratio of units (I) and (II) is 1:9-9:1. Preferred Conditions: Polymerization is carried out at -10 degrees C to 60 degrees C for 1-24 hours in an inert atmosphere. Imidation is thermal imidation and/or chemical imidation. Preferred Properties: The polyimide film has a transmittance of more than 80%, yellow index of less than 4, and a film thickness of 100 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal substrate is made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel or stainless steel metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron acceptor material is PC61BM-type fullerene derivative, PC71BM-type fullerene derivative, or organic electron receptor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The difuronaphthalene polymer and electron acceptor material are dissolved in solvent, obtained product is coated on conductive glass, and vacuum-deposited. Preferred Definitions:    m=9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fumed silica is hydrophobic fumed silica. The hydrophobic fumed silica is silane coupling agent-treated silicon dioxide synthesized by gas phase method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-aging agent is phosphite compound or hindered phenol compound. The phosphite compound is trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphate or diphenyl isodecyl phosphite. The hindered phenol compound is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol or 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate. The tackifier is KH792 (RTM: N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane), KH560 (RTM: gamma -glycidylpropyltrimethoxysilane), KH550 (RTM: gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane) or tetrabutyl titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The weather-resistant layer, adhesive layer and reinforcing layer has thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm, 0.09-0.12 mm and 0.09-0.12 mm, respectively. Preferred Composition: The polyethylene is high-density polyethylene. The nylon is nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610 or nylon 1010.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic insulating layer is composite layer including primer layer and surface paint layer. The corrosion-resistant layer is anode oxide layer, coating layer or micro-arc oxidation layer. The organic insulating layer further contains functional filler chosen from rutile-type titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, alumina, clay, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, barite, calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate, silicon dioxide, diatomite, benzoin and glass micro-bead. Preferred Properties: The thickness of coating layer is 10-120 mu m. The thickness of the anodic oxidation layer is 10-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The salt is nitrate, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate and/or carbonate. The ligand of ionic metal complex is amino group, cyano group or thio group. The metal compound comprises lead ion (Pb2+ or Pb4+), zinc ion (Zn2+), silver ion (Ag+), cadmium ion (Cd2+), barium ion (Ba2+), calcium ion (Ca2+), aluminum ion (Al3+), arsenic ion (As3+ or As5+), antimony ion (Sb3+ or Sb5+), indium ion (In+ or In3+), gallium ion (Ga3+) or mercury ion (Hg+), and further comprises bismuth ion (Bi3+ or Bi5+). The additive is cadmium sulfate, calcium sulfate, cobalt sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate and/or disodium triacetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen evolution inhibitor is organic compound chosen from N-methyl pyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, aniline, amide, rosin amine, thiourea or its derivative, cinnamic aldehyde, furfural, pentyl-1,2-bis(dimethylamino)acetone, aminoketone, rosin imidazoline, N-vinyl pyridine, alkylpyridinium gun xanthate, pyridine or its derivative, quinoline and/or isoquinoline or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The vehicle sunroof with dye-sensitized solar cell further has transparent adhesive film having transparent adhesive layer, polyvinyl butyrate film having adhesive property, and impact absorption structure. Preferred Properties: The thin film-type transparent substrate has visible light transmission rate of 80% or more, and thickness of less than 0.7 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The impact absorption structure contains elastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene oxide is present in an amount of 1-40 pts. wt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises compound (0.1-20 pts. wt.) consisting of hydrazine hydrate, polystyrene sulfonate, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and polyethyleneimine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyacrylicnitrile group polymer comprises recurring unit of formula (-CH2-(CH2(CN))n-).n = 1000-5000.Preferred Method: The first heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 200-300 degrees C for 30 minutes to 6 hours. The second heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of 400-1000 degrees C for 30 minutes to 1 hour. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
Preferred Definitions:    R2=group of formula (i) or (iii);and    R3=H or -C6H13.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lithium secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, a separator, an electrolyte, an anodal active material or a cathode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethylene group monomer consists of ethylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, isoprene, and styrene. The vinyl monomer consists of PVC, vinylidene chloride, tetrafluoroethylene, vinyl 1-10C alkylate, vinyl 1-10C alkyl ether, vinylpyrrolidone, vinylcarbazole. The methacryl system monomer is methacrylic acid, methacrylonitrile and methacrylamide. The acrylic monomer is acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and the acrylamide and 1-10C alkyl acrylate. The fluorination ketone compound consists of chlorine atom, bromine atom, and iodine atom. The fluorination ketone compound consists of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-Nonafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-pentan-3-one, 1,1,1,2,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)pentan-3-one, 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)hexan-3-one, 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)heptan-3-one, 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-hexadecafluorooctan-2-one, 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluorohexan-3-one, and 1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)butan-2-one. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The thermal process is performed at 150-250 degrees C at pressure of 5-20 bar environment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The encapsulating material sheet includes crosslinking agent (0.01-1 pts. wt.), silane coupling agent (0.01-1 pts. wt.), and UV-absorbing agent (0.01-1 pts. wt.).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The vinyl acetate content of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is 26-33%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anti-reflective layer comprises aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium sulfide or lithium fluoride. The light scattering particle is selected from titanium dioxide, tantalum (V) oxide, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, tin (II) oxide, molybdenum oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride, cerium oxide, hafnium oxide or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The diffraction layer is selected from ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyester or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the nanorod-type inorganic nanoparticles is 1-40 wt.% with respect to the content of polymer. Preferred Properties: The nanorod-type inorganic nanoparticles have diameter of 200-600 nm and length of 700 nm to 7 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The pigment is titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, carbon black, and/or copper-chromium-manganese alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer resin composition comprises 0.1-2 pts. wt. antioxidant, 5-20 pts. wt. pigment, 0.5-2 pts. wt. UV absorber, and 100 pts. wt. base resin. The base resin is polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene, and/or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The base film comprises polyethylene terephthalate, low-oligomer-content polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and/or polyethylene naphthalate. The fluorine-based film comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene difluoride, terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The manufacturing method further comprises adding and mixing crystal to the synthesizing step, cooling the crystal at room temperature, filtering the product and then washing and drying, dissolving norbornene dicarboxylic anhydride in toluene, adding and mixing the monochlo furnace phenyl to obtained product, adding amic acid while mixing and then filtering, drying the filtrate and then recrystallizing the dried product using sodium acetate anhydrous and then mixing acetic anhydride solvent, and refluxing obtained product using methanol. The method comprises adding metallic catalyst as a polymerization initiator in the synthesizing step, dissolving dichloroethane solvent under nitrogen atmosphere, stopping reaction while adding hexane to precipitate at a room temperature after, melting the precipitate in chloroform, re-precipitating obtained precipitate in the hydrochloric acid, and drying the precipitate. Preferred Components: The amic acid, the acetic anhydride and the sodium acetate anhydrous have mole ratio of 7:4:64.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible graphite sheet comprises graphitized polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous secondary battery contains positive electrode including lithium metal complex oxide containing nickel atom and/or manganese atom as material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution further contains a polymeric compound. The keto-compound (I) is a compound of formula (Ia)-(Ie). The polymeric compound is of formula: C(-R3)(-R4)=C(-H)2 (IIIa), C(-R5)(-C(=O)-R6)=C(-H)2 (IIIb) or C=C(-H)2-C(-H)=C(-H)2 (IIIc) or compound of formula (IIId). The content of keto compound (I) is 0.0001-0.1 mol/L. The content of polymeric compound is 0.001-0.1 mol/L.Rc, Rd, Re, Rf=group of formula (i);Me=methyl;Rg,Rh=alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkylthio, arylthio, dialkylamino, or cyclic amino;n1=0-5;R3=H or alkyl;R4=aryl, heterocyclyl, cyano, alkoxy, or acyloxy;R5=H, alkyl, or cyano;R6=alkyl, alkoxy, or amino;R7,R8=H, alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl;X,Y',Z=bivalent coupling group chosen from -O-, -S-, -(C=O)-, -C(=S)-, -NR-, -SO-, or -SO2-, which forms 5- or 6-membered ring;R=alkyl or aryl;andR9=H or alkyl.Preferred Property: The mean-molecular weight of organic component is 1000 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite is obtained from carbon precursor chosen from sucrose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of anode active material, binder and conductive agent in anode is 85-90:5-10:5-10. The mass ratio of cathode active material, binder and conductive agent in cathode is 85-90:5-10:5-10. The lithium ion material is lithium iron phosphate, lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium-nickel-manganese oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide, lithium oxide or lithium iron silicic acid. The conductive material is acetylene black, carbon black or carbon nanotube. The anode current collector is aluminum foil and cathode current collector is copper foil. Preferred Process: The cathode active material is obtained by ball milling the mixture containing silicon dioxide and graphite oxide, heating obtained powder and cooling to room temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone. The electrolyte contains lithium ion electrolyte and nonaqueous organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The manganese source compound is manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, manganese formate, manganese sulfate and/or manganese nitrate. The phosphorus source compound is ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and/or soluble phosphorus-containing compound. The lithium source compound is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium formate, lithium oxalate and/or lithium citrate. The iron compound is ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferrous nitrate, ferrous oxalate, ferrous acetate, ferrous lactate, ferrous iodide, ferrous bromide and/or ferrous sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is sucrose, fructose, glucose, lactose, starch, citric acid and/or phenolic resin. The method utilizes solvent during liquid-phase ball milling chosen from water, acetone, ethanol, toluene, xylene, hexane and/or cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The processing aid is silicon compound (Et2(SiOMe)2 or HO(SiOMe)7H). The foaming agent is zinc stearate or zinc oxide. The peroxide vulcanizing agent is bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The vinyl-terminated silicone raw rubber has a composition of formula: ViMe2SiO(R1R2SiO)aSiMe2Vi. The silicone raw rubber with vinyl-containing side chains has a composition of formula: ViMe2SiO(R1R2SiO)b(R1R3SiO)cSiMe2Vi.a=6000-7000 (polymerization degree);R1,R2=1-10C saturated alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl;b=5500-6000;c=500-1000;andR3=reactive group, preferably vinyl (Vi) or alkenyl.The micropore foaming agent is thermoplastic acrylic resin coated with polymer of n-pentane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode layer comprises one or more material among zinc oxidate, tin oxide, indium oxide, silicon oxide, boron-zinc oxidate, and aluminum-zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The multiple micro lenses comprises material of resin system, preferably carbon elastomer of polymer or monomer system or monomer or glycerine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder polymer is made of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride - hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride - trichloroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride - chloro trifluoro ethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, poly acrylonitrile, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butylate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl pullulan, cyanoethyl polyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, pullulan, carboxylmethylcellulose, acrylonitrile styrene butadiene copolymer and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is chosen from aqueous polyurethane, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, latex resin, vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin. The thickener is chosen from carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide and saccharide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The transparent electrode is made of indium tin oxide. The electron transport layer is coated with lithium flouride. The metallic film is made of gold. The solar cell is coated with nickel. The metal film inside the metal particles and n-type doped carbon nanotubes is synthesized and blended by applying a solution of polymer. The active layer is formed by using spin-coating or air spray by applying the solution of the polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hole transfer layer is formed by depositing poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (styrenesulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide includes oxide of metal selected from titanium, zinc, tin, indium, aluminum, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, vanadium, iridium, ruthenium and molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support structure includes a non-conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The step(s) (a) and/or (b) include(s) modifying one or more chemical and/or structural properties for affecting one or more physical properties of the hybrid polymeric material. Preferred Components: The polymeric material exhibits a dielectric constant of less than 4, preferably less than 1. The polymeric material is solvent or melt-processable. The polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane molecule is: covalently coupled to a network comprising polydimethylsiloxane polymers as at least one of a free chain end moiety, a chain pendant moiety and a crosslinking site; present in an amount of 10-40 wt.%; and coupled to the polydimethylsiloxane polymer via metal mediated vinyl addition chemistry, where the is platinum. The polydimethylsiloxane polymer has a molar mass of 500-10000 g/mole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filling particles are made of inorganic particles selected from aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filling particles are made of acrylic resin, melamine resin, silicone resin or polystyrene. The main portion layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate optical material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Layer (B) comprises composition containing zinc compound and silicon oxide. Layer (B) is layer (B1) which contains coexisting phase of zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, and aluminum oxide or layer (B2) which contains coexisting phase of zinc sulfide and silicon dioxide. Layer (B1) has zinc (Zn) atomic percentage of 20-40 at.%, silicon (Si) atomic percentage of 5-20 at.%, aluminum (Al) atomic percentage of 0.5-5 at.%, and oxygen (O) atom concentration of 35-70 at.%, measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrochemical analysis. Mole ratio zinc sulfide:silicon dioxide in composition of layer (B2) is 0.7-0.9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Thickness of layer (C) is 1-5 mu m. Average surface roughness (Ra) of layer (A) is less than or equal to 1.5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The condensed ring aromatic derivative is perylene derivative, and has 5 or more rings. The polar organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. The condensed ring aromatic derivative composition further comprises electron donor compound, which is compound having high molecular weight. The electron donor compound is heterocyclic polymer compound. The electron donor compound is chosen from porphyrin compound, phthalocyanine compound and/or polythiophene. The photoelectric converting layer is photoelectric conversion element clamped using a pair of electrodes. Preferred Process: The photoelectric converting layer is obtained by adding condensed ring aromatic derivative composition to poor solvent, to obtain nanoparticles of condensed ring aromatic derivative composition, coating the obtained nanoparticles, and drying the obtained coating film. The photoelectric converting layer is preferably obtained using organic photocatalyst-containing particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light-receiving surface protection portion is provided with ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly trifluoro-chloroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene, trifluoro-chloroethylene copolymer, polyallylate, metallocene polyethylene, cyclic olefin copolymer, rigid polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, transparent acrylic acid nitrile butadiene styrene copolymer, acrylic acid nitrile acrylic-rubber styrene copolymer and methyl methacrylate acrylic-rubber styrene copolymer. The non-light-receiving surface protection is provided with glass fiber containing polyethylene terephthalate, metallocene polyethylene, cyclic olefin copolymer, carbon fiber reinforced plastics and mesogenic group containing liquid crystalline epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (i) is chosen from alkane diol, alkane ether diol, alkane polyether diol, and/or 3-12C alkane ester diol. The high molecular weight hydroxyl-functional compound comprises dihydroxyl-functional compounds chosen from oxyalkylene diols and polyoxyalkylene diols having two terminal hydroxyl groups, and molecular weight of 250-10000 g/mol. The component (ii) comprises combination of (( alpha )-( omega )) dihydroxyl-functional compounds chosen from oxyalkylene diol and/or polyoxyalkylene diol, and the combination comprises diols (iia) having molecular weight of 250-600 g/mol and diols (iib) having molecular weight of 800-5000 g/mol. The content of diols (iia) is 1/10-1/3 of the amount of diols (iib). The content of diols (i) is 1/2 of the amount of diols (iib). The isocyanate-functional component comprises urea-units that are reaction product of linear alkylene diisocyanate and dihydroxyl-functionalized isocyanate-reactive compound. Preferred Properties: The reactive composition has viscosity of 1000-5000 mPa.second at room temperature of 23 degrees C, based on DIN EN ISO 2884. The rain-erosion protective coating has break elongation of more than 300%, tensile strength at break of 20 Mpa or more, and irreversible deformation (permanent set)E of 10-50% after primary elongation/relaxation cycle with the cycle involving an elongation to 300%. The leading edge of rotor blade has length of 30 m or more. Preferred Coating: The protective coating is the outermost layer of at least one portion of the external surface of the rotor blade, and is transparent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The microscopic semiconductor in the downshifting additive is quantum dots.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The luminescent metal complex in downshifting additive is chosen from iridium complex, ruthenium complex and europium complex. The organic luminescent dye in the downshifting additive is chosen from perylene derivative, naphthalamide and fluorescent yellow dye including 1-methoxy-4-(1,2,2-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl)benzene or N-((1S)-1-((1R,2S,4S)-2-ethenyl-4-((triphenylmethoxy)methyl)cyclopentyl)-3-ethylpentyl)acetamide. The ultraviolet absorbing chemical is chosen from benzotriazole, benzophenone, oxygen scavenger and free-radical quencher.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The booster film layers comprises booster film layer (I) containing downshifting additive (Ia) which absorbs light having longer wavelength, and booster film layer (II) contains downshifting additive (IIa) which absorbs light having shorter wavelength. The solar booster film structure further comprises oxygen-barrier layer covering booster film layer(s), ultraviolet-absorbing chemical, and an ultraviolet absorbing layer containing polymer matrix and ultraviolet absorbing chemical. At least one of booster film layers further contains ultraviolet absorbing chemical. The sealing layer comprises polymer chosen from ethylene vinyl acetate, acrylic polymer and silicone rubber. Preferred Process: The booster film layer is prepared by dispersing downshifting additive in monomer mixture, and polymerizing the monomer mixture to form polymer matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pigment core particles are titanium dioxide in the rutile, anatase or amorphous.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polymerizable dye is chosen from azo dye, preferably monoazo dye, disazo dye, metallised azo dye, metallised dye, anthraquinone dye, phthalocyanine dye, benzodifuranones dye, brilliant blue dye or its derivatives, pyrroline dyes, squarilium dyes and diazo-containing compound dye of formula (I).X1-X3=H or electron-withdrawing group;R1=H or OR';R',R2=linear, branched or cyclic alkyl;R3,R4=L3-Y3, L4-Y4;L3,L4=linker group or branched, linear or optionally substituted alkylene in which non-adjacent carbon atoms are replaced by O, S or N, preferably O;andY3,Y4=polymerizable group.(i) R3 and R4 comprise polymerizable groups; and (ii) Atleast one of X1-X3 is electron-withdrawing group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The core particles are coated with surfactant which is soluble in non-polar organic solvent. The polymerizable steric stabilizer is methacryloyloxypropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxanes and poly(dimethylsiloxane) macromonomer having polymerizable group and molecular weight of 1000-50000. The content of polymerizable steric stabilizer is 5 wt.% or more, preferably 20 wt.%. The particles have particle diameter of 400-1000 nm. Preferred Process: The surfactant is further added in dispersing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The outer coating comprises opaque coating containing pigment (A) chosen from titanium dioxide, silica, carbon black and/or aluminum oxide, and pigment (B) chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, talc, silica and aluminum oxide, and transparent coating. The inner coating and/or outer coating further comprises additive chosen from leveling agent, catalyst, ultraviolet blocking agent and ultraviolet stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent in the inner coating and outer coating is chosen from isocyanate and aziridine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric film substrate comprises polyethylene tetrephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film, polycarbonate or fluoroplastic film. The polymeric resin in the inner coating is high-molecular weight polyester resin having acid and hydroxyl functional group, and acid value of 1-5. The inner coating and outer coating have coating weight of 2-10 g/m2 and 20-50 g/m2, respectively. The fluoropolymer resin in the outer coating is fluoropolymer resin of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene copolymer or fluoropolymer resin of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinyl ether copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coupling structure comprises nanostructured metal including aluminum, silver or silver. The hole-conducting material of the layer (120) comprises vanadium pentoxide, molybdenum oxide or tungsten(VI) oxide. The electron-conducting material of the layer (130) comprises titanium(IV) oxide or zinc oxide. The electrode layer (a) comprises indium-tin oxide, fluorine-tin oxide, tin(II) oxide, graphene, carbon nanotube film or metal nanowire film. The electrode layer (b) comprises aluminum, silver, gold or graphene. The layer (120) and layer (130) contain lead selenide or lead sulfide nanocrystals. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the active layer, the layer (120) and layer (130) is 10-60 nm, respectively. The hole conductivity of the hole-conducting material of the layer (120) is more than 10-3 S/cm. The electron-conducting material in the layer (130) has electron conductivity of more than 10-3 S/cm. The layer (120) and layer (130) have index of refraction of more than 2, and transmission of 90% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active layer contains organic polymer, poly(3-hexyl thiophene):(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)):phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)):phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester, small molecules, squaraine, subphthalocyanine, acene, pyrite-based absorber or carbon nanotubes-based absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: 50% Particle diameter of the metal particles is 0.1-3.4 mu m. 90% Particle diameter of the metal particles is 0.3-7 mu m. The oxygen concentration in the metal particles is 0.05-2 %mass. The total amount of metallic elements other than the copper contained in the metal particles is 1 %mass or less. The conductive paste further contains 0.05-17 %mass binder resin and 3-19 %mass organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst layer contains a polymer matrix and nano-sized metal catalyst particles. The metal catalyst particles contain titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, ruthenium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, tin, cadmium, lead or their alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer matrix contains polytetrafluoroethylene, (perfluoroalkyl) vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene/(perfluoroalkyl) vinyl ether copolymer, poly(trifluoro styrene) copolymer, sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone), sulfonated polyaromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer and sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4 -phenylene oxide). The conductive polymer layer contains polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-pyrene sulfonate. The electrolyte layer contains polymer of polymer matrix. The polymer substrate layer is made of polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene and/or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer formed by vacuum evaporation method contains inorganic compound chosen from silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, silicon oxycarbonitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxynitride, and aluminum oxycarbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent has amino group, epoxy group, isocyanate group, or mercapto group, preferably amino group having protecting group, in which the protecting group is detached during processing and forming anchor-coat layer, or amino group containing secondary amine or tertiary amine. The content of carbon in the inorganic layer formed by chemical vapor deposition is less than 10 atomic%, preferably less than 5 atomic%. The content of carbon in the inorganic layer formed by chemical vapor deposition is 2-5 atomic%. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the inorganic layer formed by chemical vapor deposition is less than 10 nm, preferably less than 5 nm. The thickness of the inorganic layer formed by vacuum evaporation method is 0.5-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anchor coat layer contains polyester-based resin, urethane-type resin, or acrylic resin, and isocyanate-type compound. Preferred Property: The thickness of the anchor coat layer is 0.1-1000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Materials: The S-nitrosothiol containing molecule encapsulated within the nanoparticle is S-nitroso-N-acetyl cysteine (NAC-SNO) and/or S-nitroso-captopril (captopril-SNO). The nanoparticle further comprises silica, chitosan, polyethylene glycol, nitrite, glucose, hydrolyzed TMOS and hydrolyzed MPTS. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial; Antibacterial; Virucide; Fungicide; Antiparasitic; Angiogenesis Stimulator; Muscle Relaxant; Vulnerary; Endocrine-Gen; Hypotensive; Vasotropic; Anticoagulant; Thrombolytic; Antiinflammatory; Dermatological; Antianemic; Antisickling. No Biological Data Given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflective material includes silver, gold, aluminum, copper, nickel, and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The weatherable layer includes polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, polyester, multilayer optical film, fluoropolymer, and a blend of an acrylate and a fluoropolymer. A filler such as polymeric material in the area from which the reflective material is removed, is placed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is copper salt or silver salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flexible substrate is polyethylene, polyimide or polydimethylsiloxane substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Base layer is PET honeycomb layer. Outer layer is SMC or BMC. Preferred Parameters: Base layer thickness is 50-350 mu m. Outer layer thickness is 15-50 mu m. Fluorine-containing coating thickness is 15-50 mu m. Rear panel thickness is 11-550 mu m. Preferred Process: Outer layer is plasma treated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide, methyl pyrazole and terrazole at mass ratio of 3:1:2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The working mold is provided with polyethylene terephthalate film. The inclined electrode is made of silicone thernosetting resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PVDF/PVA mass ratio is 8:2 or 7:3 or 6:4. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent of formula RSiX3.R=amino, mercapto, vinyl or epoxy; andX=hydrolyzable alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The additive is selected from kaolin or alumina powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The blade is made of epoxy resin and glass fiber reinforced plastic. The additive is polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The titanium dioxide is rutile-type titanium dioxide or anatase-type titanium dioxide, and has particle size of less than 25 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent utilized in the electric double layer condenser manufacturing method is deionized water and N-methylpyrolidone    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder utilized in the electric double layer condenser manufacturing method comprises polyacrylic methyl ester sulfonate, carboxy methyl cellulose and rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic layer is alumina, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, tin oxide, magnesium oxide and/or zinc oxide. Preferred Method: The barrier layer is prepared by vapor depositing the inorganic oxide and/or inorganic nitride or a liquid-phase compound and the organic layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weather-proof layer is tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene copolymers with ethylene or propylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, Copolymers of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride or polyvinyl fluoride thin film. The adhesive layer is polyurethane adhesive. The reinforcing layer is poly-p-phthalic acid glycol ester. The reflective layer is adhesive polymers, inorganic white pigments comprising titanium white powder or barium sulfate, UV stabilizers and thermal oxidative aging stabilizer comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid ester, ethylene-methyl acrylate and/or ethylene acrylate-maleic anhydride resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The toner is anatase titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, talc powder, and/or preferably rutile type titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plasticizer is triethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, sebacic acid, and/or phosphate. The antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), 2,2'-methylene bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), and/or beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid octadecanol. The coupling agent is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The UV light absorbent is benzotriazole UV light absorbent selected from 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3,5'-di-tert-butyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3,5'-di-tert-pentyl)-benzotriazole, or preferably 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-octyl)-benzotriazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The PVB resin powder has hydroxy content of 15-23%, load conditions of 21.6 kg at 120 degrees C, and melt flow rate of 2-4 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reinforcing filler is calcium carbonate, gas phase white carbon black or silicon dioxide. The grain diameter of calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide powder is 3000-5000 meshes and the water content is less than 0.1%. The gas phase white carbon black is synthesized by gas phase method and the water content is less than is 6%. The protective gas is nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The silane coupling agent is KH792, KH560 and/or 550. The catalyst is organic tin catalyst chosen from butyl acetate or dibutyl tin laurate. The crosslinking agent is methyl butanone oxime silane, vinyl butanone oxime silane or tetra butyl ketoxime silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The 107 silicone oil is hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane having viscosity of 5000-80000 CP.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Carbon nanotubes are single-walled carbon nanotubes and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The single-walled carbon nanotubes have diameter of 0.8-4 nm, and length of 0.5-5 mu m. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes have diameter of 5-80 nm, and length of 0.2-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Definitions:    R2=group of formula (i), (ii) or (iii);and    R3=C6H13.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass frit (A) contains 30-60 mol% lead oxide, 1-15 mol% alumina, 20-40 mol% silica, 10-30 mol% boron trioxide, 0.5-5 mol% titanium dioxide and 0.1-10 mol% barium oxide. The glass frit (B) contains 0.1-5 mol% alumina, 1-20 mol% silica, 10-40 mol% boron trioxide, 0.1-10 mol% barium oxide, 20-50 mol% zinc oxide and 0.1-10 mol% lithium oxide. The mixing ratio of glass frit (B) and glass frit (A) is 2:8-8:2. The content of aluminum powder and organic vehicle is 60-78 wt.% and 20-35 wt.%, respectively. The content of glass frits (A) and (B) is 0.01-5 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle contains 1-25 wt.% polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal nanoparticles are chosen from gold, silver, platinum, palladium, aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc and iron, preferably silver. The diameter of the metal nanoparticles is 30-90 nm. The thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer is 10-200 nm. The content of the metal nanoparticles is 5 wt.% or less. The electron acceptor includes fullerene compound and perylene-based compound or semiconductor nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electron donor includes amorphous organic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass frit comprises 30-60 mole% of lead oxide, 1-15 mole% of aluminum oxide, 20-40 mole% of silicon dioxide, 10-30 mole.% of bismuth oxide, 0.5-5 mole.% of titanium oxide and 0.1-10 mole% of barium oxide, and is present in the composition in an amount of 0.01-5 wt.%. The composition further comprises alkali metal oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, zinc oxide, vanadium pentoxide and phosphorus pentoxide. Preferred Components: The lead oxide group glass frit has a glass transition temperature of 400-460 degrees C. The organic vehicle is a mixture of 1-25 wt.% of polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% of organic solvent. The aluminum powder is present in an amount of 60-78 wt.%. The organic vehicle is present in an amount of 20-35 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic catalyst of the counter electrode comprises silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The capping reagent is octyl amine, triethylamine, hexadecanol, polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether, ethylene glycol, octanethiol, oleic acid and ascorbic acid of 5-20C. The educing agent (2-6 moles) are added for tetraethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane (1 mole). The capping reagent (0.01-100 moles) are added for tetraethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane (1 mole). The organic solvent is diemthylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The particle size of the capped nanocrystalline silicon is 1-20 nm. Preferred Method: The capped silicon dispersed solution is prepared by reacting for 25-80 minutes, preferably 60-80 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Magnesium gas used in the manufacture of silicon oxycarbide nanostructure is obtained by thermal process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The secondary polymer used in the manufacture of silicon nanostructure includes carbon. The secondary polymer is polystyrene, polyvinyl pyridine, polybutylmethacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutadiene, polyethylene and polyisoprene. The primary polymer used in the manufacture of silicon nanostructure is polydimethylsiloxane.
Preferred Definitions:    M=Zr, Ti, Sn, Ce or Si.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The substrate, back sheet and front sheet have thickness of 30-200 mu m, 30-200 mu m and 30-200 mu m, respectively. The dielectric film has thickness of 30-1000 nm. Preferred Composition: The back sheet comprises dielectric film in which metallic nanoparticles having diameter of 5-100 nm are arranged. The metallic nanoparticles comprise gold, silver, aluminum, nickel, chromium, titanium, tin, zinc, platinum and/or copper. The dielectric film comprises silica, titanium dioxide and/or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thin-film photovoltaic module further has back sheet, front sheet and photoelectric cell layer. The encapsulating material includes ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, acrylic resin, polyolefin or ultraviolet curing agent. Preferred Property: The fluorinated ethylene-propylene resin has light permeability of less than 98% to 90% at wavelength of 400-1100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The pigment is titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, carbon black, and/or copper-chromium-manganese alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer resin composition comprises 0.1-2 pts. wt. antioxidant, 5-20 pts. wt. pigment, 0.5-2 pts. wt. UV absorber, and 100 pts. wt. base resin. The base resin is polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, linear-low-density polyethylene, and/or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The base film comprises polyethylene terephthalate, low-oligomer-content polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and/or polyethylene naphthalate. The fluorine-based film comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene difluoride, terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene. The adhesive is polyurethane based adhesive or polyester adhesive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The photoactive layer has a thickness of 10-1000 Angstrom and is formed by spin-coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The p-type molecule is alkoxy-dibenzo(a,c)phenazine. The n-type molecule is benzothiadiazole or quinoxaline including phenazine derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photoactive layer further contains phenyl 61C-butyric acid methyl ester, phenyl 71C-butyric acid methyl ester, and/or fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The block copolymer has polystyrene block in which a portion is sulfonated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The multi stage process involves sequentially performing sodium evaporation deposition process, forming sodium thin film, indium-gallium-selenium co-evaporation deposition process, forming indium-gallium-selenium film, copper-selenium co-evaporation deposition process, forming copper-selenium film and alpha -type copper-indium-gallium-selenide layer, indium-gallium-selenium co-evaporation deposition process, selenium evaporation deposition process, forming beta -type copper-indium-gallium-selenide layer, sodium evaporation deposition process and forming sodium thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of comonomer in the fluorine-type resin is 1-50 pts. wt with respect to total weight of fluorine-type resin. The primer layer consists of carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, aziridine group, acid anhydride, amine group, isocyanate radical, melamine group, epoxide group, hydroxy radical, ester group, urethane-bond, amide group, urea, imide group, phosphate, phosphate group, cyan, oxazoline group, or polymer consisting imine group functional group. The solvent used in the manufacture of multi layer film is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide and/or dimethylacetamide. Preferred Property: The boiling point of the solvent is 200o?C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material layer is polyester-type sheet, polymer sheet of polyamide-type sheet or polyimide-type sheet. The polyester-type sheet is single sheet, laminated sheet or co-extruded material containing polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or polybutylene terephthalate. The fluoropolymer coating layer comprises fluorine-type resin chosen from homopolymer(s) consisting vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethyene, perfluoromethylvinylether, perfluoroethyl vinyl ether, perfluoropropylvinylether, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole, perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, and their copolymers or their mixture. The multi layer film further comprises primer layer between the base material layer and fluoropolymer coating layer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the base material layer is 50-500 mu m. The weight average molecular weight of the fluorine-type resin is 50000-1000000. The degree of crystallinity of the fluorine-type resin is less than 50%. The thickness of the fluoropolymer coating layer in multi layer film is 3-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive polymer material contains poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conducting oxide is indium tin oxide or zinc oxide. The seed layer contains silver, copper, molybdenum or cobalt. The cap deposition is carried out using mixture containing 0.5-10 g/l copper, 0.1-2% EDTA, 0.1-3% formaldehyde and 1-20 g/l sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The manufacturing method further comprises adding and mixing crystal to the synthesizing step, cooling the crystal at room temperature, filtering the product and then washing and drying, dissolving norbornene dicarboxyl anhydride in toluene, adding and mixing the dichloroaniline to obtained product, adding amic acid while mixing and then filtering, drying the filtrate and then recrystallizing the dried product using sodium acetate anhydrous and then mixing acetic anhydride solvent, and refluxing obtained product using methanol. The method comprises adding metallic catalyst as a polymerization initiator in the synthesizing step, dissolving dichloroethane solvent under nitrogen atmosphere, stopping reaction while adding hexane to precipitate at a room temperature after, melting the precipitate in chloroform, re-precipitating obtained precipitate in the hydrochloric acid, and drying the precipitate. Preferred Components: The amic acid, the acetic anhydride and sodium acetate anhydrous have mole ratio of 7:4:64.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The electron donor organic compound and electron acceptor organic compound is dissolved in organic solvent, and the resulting material is printed on anode electrode, to form organic photoelectric conversion layer. Preferred Components: The electron donor organic compound is polymer or monomer. The electron donor organic compound is rubrene derivative, pentacene derivative, thiophene derivative, or phthalocyanine derivative. The electron acceptor organic compound is fullerene derivative, perylene derivative, carbon nanotube derivative or graphene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is polythiophene-based polymer, phenylenevinylene-based polymer, cyclopentadienyl polythiophene-based polymer, polycarbazole-based polymer or polytriarylamine-based polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gel-type electrolyte further comprises oxide of metal chosen from aluminum, silicon, tin, zirconium, titanium, tungsten, zinc, indium, barium, niobium, tantalum, lanthanum, strontium, yttrium, holmium, bismuth and cerium. The weight ratio of metal oxide and cellulose is 3:7-7:3. The additive is t-butylpyridine or 2-dimethylaminopyridine. The oxidation-reduction derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and pyridinium salts. The gel-type electrolyte further comprises supporting electrolyte chosen from imidazolium iodide, pyridinium iodide and pyrrolinium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cellulose is chosen from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and ethyl methyl cellulose. The content of cellulose with respect to 100 pts.wt. of liquid electrolyte is 1-56 pts.wt.. The organic solvent is chosen from acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran and 3-methoxy propionnitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal belt is a single layer of copper belt. The copper strip has thickness of 0.05-0.5 microns, and width of 1-10 microns. The thickness of single surface of tin-plated layer is 0.005-0.05 microns. The film coating layer has width of 4-30 microns and thickness of 0.03-0.3 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The coating layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate having high molecular material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat exchange sleeve is made of aluminum or copper material. The outer shell is made of color steel plate. The inner container is made of stainless steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat insulating layer is made of polyurethane material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal slurry of conductive layers is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The toughened glass layer and thin film solar battery glass layer are connected with each other by film e.g. polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film or Sentryglas (RTM: architectural glass interlayer manufactured by DuPont) plus (SGP) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The base assembly, battery assembly housing and battery fixing component are made of stainless steel, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, tungsten alloy and titanium oxide alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base assembly, battery assembly housing and battery fixing component are made of polyethylene, linear polyethylene base material, polypropylene plate, polyimide or polyethylene. The hole surface of battery unit housing is plated with a layer of PTFE film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The safety pole lug is made of aluminum, nickel and copper materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The isolating film is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate and acrylic acid resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary electrode is transparent electrode. The secondary electrode is metal electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric converting layer further contains n-type organic-semiconductor compound which is fullerene or its derivative(s). The fullerene or its derivative(s) is phenyl-61C-butyrate, diphenyl-62C-bis(butyrate), phenyl-71C-butyrate, phenyl-85C-butyrate or thienyl-61C-butyrate. The organic thin-film solar cell further contains hole-transportation layer (21) which is provided between primary electrode and photoelectric converting layer, and electron-carrying layer (22) which is provided between secondary electrode and photoelectric converting layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic-semiconductor polymer is copolymer containing copolymerization component containing group chosen from 23 groups e.g. group of formula (i)-(v). The composition is a component for organic-semiconductor material.Xa=C(Ra)2, C=C(Ra)2, Si(Ra)2, S, Se, S=O, SO2, C=O, NH or NRb;Xb=NH, O or S;Xc=CRa or N;Ra,Rb=H or substituent;andRa+Rb=cyclocondense ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The structural unit (II) of polymer is of formula (IIa)-(IIf). The photoelectric converting layer further contains n-type organic-semiconductor compound. The n-type organic-semiconductor compound is fullerene or its derivative(s). The fullerene or its derivative(s) is phenyl-61C-butyric acid ester, diphenyl-62C-bis(butyricacid ester), phenyl-71C-butyric acid ester, phenyl-85C-butyric acid ester or thienyl-61C-butyric acid ester.X21=X1;X22=X2;andX23=N(R3), O, S or Si(R3)2.Preferred Components: The organic thin-film solar cell has a hole transportation layer (21) between the primary electrode and photoelectric converting layer, ands an electron carrying layer (22) between the secondary electrode and photoelectric converting layer. The primary electrode is transparent electrode. The secondary electrode is metal electrode. The composition is material for organic-semiconductor materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer further has 23 structural units e.g. structural unit of formula (i)-(v).Xr=C(Ra)2, C=C(Ra)2, Si(Ra)2, S, Se, S=O, SO2, C=O, NH or NRb;Xs=NH, O or S;Xc=CRa or N;andRa,Rb=H or substituent.When some Ra or Rb is substituent, Ra or Rb mutually connects, respectively, or cyclocondensed and forms a ring. EXAMPLE - 3,10-Dithia-7,14-diazatetracyclo(6.6.0.02,6.09,13)tetradeca-1(8),2(6),4,9(13),11-pentaene was reacted with sodium hydride and 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane, to obtain 7,14-didodecyl-3,10-dithia-7,14-diazatetracyclo(6.6.0.02,6.09,13)tetradeca-1(8),2(6),4,9(13),11-pentaene. The obtained product was reacted with n-butyllithium, to obtain 7,14-didodecyl-4,11-bis(trimethylstannyl)-3,10-dithia-7,14-diazatetracyclo(6.6.0.02,6.09,13)tetradeca-1(8),2(6),4,9(13),11-pentaene having melting point of 148 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The specific organic donor is comprised of compounds selected from a group comprising Tetracene, Platinum octaethylporphyrin, Diindenoperylene, Naphthalenyl Biphenyl Diamine and Rubrene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The donor material is selected from Polythiophenes and poly heptadecanyl carbazole thienyl benzothiadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive ultraviolet absorber comprises reactive functional group having unsaturated bond, preferably comprises acryloyl group, methacryloyl group or allyl group. The reactive ultraviolet absorber comprises 2-(2- hydroxy- 5-(2- (methacryloyloxy)ethyl)phenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(4-allyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(4-acryloyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole and propenoic-acid-2-(4-benzoyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back surface-side sealing sheet comprises ethylene and polar monomer copolymer, or ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer. The amount of reactive ultraviolet absorber is 0.01-0.5 pts. wt. with respect 100 pts. wt. ethylene and polar monomer copolymer or ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal substrate has metal layer (2). The metal layer is aluminum layer or aluminum alloy layer. Preferred Properties: The thermal expansion coefficient of the polyimide layer in surface direction is 15x 10-6/K or less, measured at 100-250 degrees C. The surface roughness of the metal substrate is 10 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The ultraviolet-shielding layer is obtained using (meth)acrylate as a polymerizable component. Preferred Properties: The film has transmittance of 55% or less. The ultraviolet-shielding layer has transmittance of 70% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The facade includes a transparent/translucent material made from a glass material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The facade includes a transparent/translucent material made from a plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer block A and polymer block B connect as diblock copolymer. Composition ratio of polymer block A and polymer block B is 99:1-70:30, preferably 99:1-50:50. Electron-accepting material contains fullerene or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hardening accelerator is imidazole, amine, phosphine, or guanidine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adhesive composition is prepared as mixed-solvent solution by mixing composition with 1-15 wt.% ketone or alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymeric material has shear elasticity modulus of 1000 kPa or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing element is resin hardened by irradiation of an ultraviolet-ray.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copolymer further comprises repeating unit of formula (((-Z3(-R2)-)n3)). The copolymer is of formula (VI) or (VII). The complexing functional group is chosen from -OR, -SR, -COOR, or -SO3R.Z3 = residue of polymerizable functional group;R3 = organic group, n3 = greater than or equal to 1;R = H, alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal or alkyl;R2-R12 = H or alkyl;x, y, z = composition ratio of functional group;x+y+z=1;E = substituent of aromatic functional group;n = number of substituents;D = high polarity organic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alpha -olefin ethylene copolymer comprises 13-19 wt.% 1-butene, 13-22 wt.% 1-hexene, or 16-25 wt.% 1-octene as alpha -olefin. The fluorine resin in the fluorine resin sheet is chosen from tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride and polymethyl methacrylate. The solar cell sealing sheet is an integrated laminate obtained by carrying out film forming process of fluorine resin sheet and adhesive layer simultaneously by co-extrusion process, and laminating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The donor and acceptor elements-containing particles further comprise glass component. The glass component is chosen from silicon dioxide, potassium dioxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zirconium dioxide, molybdenum trioxide, germanium dioxide, yttrium oxide, cesium dioxide, and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The donor element contains phosphorus, and the acceptor element contains boron, aluminum, or boron nitride. The donor element-containing particles comprise donor element-containing material, which is chosen from phosphorus trioxide, or phosphorus pentoxide. The acceptor element-containing particles comprise acceptor element-containing material, which is chosen from boron oxide and aluminum oxide. The impurity diffusion layer forming composition further comprises inorganic filler. The inorganic filler is silica particles. Preferred Property: The BET surface area of the inorganic filler is 50-500 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The impurity diffusion layer forming composition comprises 1-99 %mass specific organic compound, and 1-50 %mass particles. The composition further comprises alkoxy silane, and solvent, which is chosen from water, alcohol, glycol monoether-type solvent, and terpene series solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The composition further comprises cellulose derivative, and compound, which is chosen from acrylic resins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer is formed by vacuum evaporation method using inorganic compound which is chosen from silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, oxidation carbonization silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, oxidation aluminum nitride and oxidation aluminum carbide. Preferred layer: The inorganic layer contains sequential lamination of inorganic layer formed by vapor deposition method, inorganic layer formed by vacuum deposition method, inorganic layer formed by vapor deposition method and inorganic layer formed by vacuum deposition method. The inorganic layer formed by chemical vapor deposition method has thickness of 20 nm, preferably 5 nm or less and carbon content of 20 atomic%, preferably 5 atomic% or less. The inorganic layer formed by vacuum evaporation method has thickness of 0.5-100 nm, preferably 0.1-5 nm and carbon content of 2 atomic% or more, preferably 5 atomic% or less. The thickness of the coat layer is 1-5000 nm. Preferred Process: The vacuum evaporation method is performed under reduced pressure of 1x 10-7-1 Pa and chemical vapor deposition is performed at pressure of 10 Pa or less. The conveyance speed of base material performing chemical vapor deposition method is 100 m/min or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The coating liquid contains organic polysilazane and perhydro-polysilazane. The gas barrier layer further contains anchor-coat layer containing polyester-based resin, urethane-type resin, isocyanate-type compound and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back surface protection sheet further has heat buffer layer provided between lamination sheet and sealing layer. The heat buffer layer contains polyolefin resin having melting point of 160 degrees C or more based on JIS K7121, and bending elastic modulus of 500-1500 Mpa. Preferred Process: The modified polypropylene-type resin is obtained by graft-modifying ethylene-propylene random copolymer containing 1-10 wt.% ethylene component with 0.01-20 wt.% unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride, or graft-modifying propylene-butene-ethylene terpolymer with 0.01-20 wt.% unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Heat conductivity of the heat-resistant film which used thermosetting type adhesive agent for composite integration is greater than or equal to 0.3 W/mk. Base material is metal foil or high-density polyethylene film. High-density polyethylene film is laminated polyethylene film sheets, where heat resistance is below -57 to 93.3 degrees C and water vapor permeation rate is 2 g/m2.d. Preferred Components: High-density polyethylene film is provided on a single side of base film. Weather resistant resin composition contains fluororesin, acrylic resin, and/or alkoxysilane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate has: a thickness of at least 25 microns; a transmittance of 400-750 nm that is greater than 80%, after the substrate is heated at 300 degrees C for less than 60 minutes; an out-of-plane birefringence of less than plus minus 0.001; and a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 60 ppm/ degrees C. The first layer has a thickness of at least 2 microns. The second layer has a thickness of at least 20 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-cardo, aromatic diamine contains a free carboxyl group, and is 3,5-dicarboxyaniline or 2,2'-dicarboxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl. The alicyclic dianhydride is of formula (II), preferably 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride or bicyclo(2.2.2)oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The aromatic cardo diamine is of formula (III). The aromatic cardo diamine is 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorine, 9,9-bis(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)fluorine or 9,9-bis(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)fluorine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyimide is of formula (I), and further comprises an aromatic dianhydride and a non-cardo, aromatic diamine.Ac1 = a tetravalent group of formulae (a)-(f);cardo = a divalent group of formula (a1);n = 1-4; andR = H, halo, alkyl, substituted alkyl such as halogenated alkyls, nitro, cyano, thioalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy such as halogenated alkoxy, aryl or substituted aryl such as halogenated aryls, ethynyl, phenylethynyl, alkyl ester and/or substituted alkyl esters, provided that when n is less than 4 and then the remaining positions on the aromatic ring are assumed by H atoms and each R can be different, preferably H, Br, phenyl or phenylethynyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium aluminum hydride, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium chloride, lithium iodide, and lithium nitride compound of formula (LiN(C2F5SO3)2, LiN(C2F5SO2)2, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiN(CxF2x+1SO2) (CyF2y+1SO2)), where x and y are natural numbers. The lithium salt has concentration of 0.5-2 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium bis(oxalato)borate and lithium difluoro phosphate are present in an amount of 0.1-10 wt.%. The electrolyte further includes an additive including trimethylsilyl borate, trimethylsilyl phosphate or trimethylsilyl phosphite. The additive is present in an amount of 0.5-10 wt.%. The nonwater solvent is linear carbonate-based solvent and/or cyclic carbonate-based solvent. The linear carbonate-based solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and methylpropyl carbonate. The cyclic carbonate-based solvent is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate. The volume ratio of the linear carbonate-based solvent and the cyclic carbonate-based solvent is 1:1-4:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the upper case is made of plastic, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polycarbonate (PC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon material is selected from group consisting of artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, activated charcoal, carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon aerogel, poly acrylonitrile (PAN), carbon nano fiber (CNF), activated carbon nanofiber (ACNF), vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) in the active material layer and graphene more than one kind.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The film portion is made of polymer resin, polypropylene, polyetherimide, polycarbonate, polyacetal, polysulfone, polyether-ether-ketone, polyester, polyamide, ethylenevinylacetate copolymer, polystyrene, poly tetra fluoro ethylene, polysiloxane, polyimide, and copolymer. The battery module is made of lithium ion polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The collector electrode comprises indium oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate), polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly- ethylenediamine tartrate, titanium, nickel, platinum, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, tungsten, rhodium, indium, tin oxide and/or fluorine-doped tin oxide. The porous semiconductor layer comprises titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, tantalum oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, zinc sulfide, poly(butylene succinate), bismuth sulfide, cadmium sulfide, copper aluminate and/or strontium copper oxide. Pretreatment layer and post process layer contained in the dye-sensitized solar cell comprise titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, tantalum oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, zinc sulfide, poly(butylene succinate), bismuth sulfide, cadmium sulfide, copper aluminate and/or strontium copper oxide. A semiconductor material precursor solution is used during manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cell. Preferred Properties: The thickness of collector electrode is 5-1000 nm. The porosity semiconductor layer has particles having an average diameter of 1-400 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The main phosphorus compound is triethyl phosphonoacetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The main repeating unit of the polyester film is ethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The insulation layer consists of vermiculite and calcium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulation layer is made from a fibrous material consisting of foam such as plastic foam and rubber foam, honeycomb composites, rock wool, ceramic fibers, glass fibers, aerogels, fiberglass matrix, polymeric fibers, composite pre-forms, cellulose, wood, and plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semi-conducting structures are formed from titanium nitride, vanadium nitride, niobium nitride, tantalum nitride, molybdenum nitride, tungsten nitride, chromium nitride, vanadium-titanium nitride, or titanium-aluminum nitride, a titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, vanadium carbide, niobium carbide, tantalum carbide, molybdenum carbide, or tungsten carbide, an oxide ruthenium oxide, lead oxide, a carbon/transition metal composite oxide, iridium oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, and tungsten oxide, a titanium silicide, zirconium silicide, hafnium silicide, nickel silicide, or cobalt silicide, a boride, a titanium borosilicide, zirconium borosilicide, hafnium borosilicide, nickel borosilicide, or cobalt borosilicide, a iron phosphide, ruthenium phosphide, cobalt phosphide, or nickel phosphide, or a iron borophosphide, ruthenium borophosphide, cobalt borophosphide, or nickel borophosphide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The barrier layer comprises of ruthenium, tungsten, and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The thiophene derivative is prepared by reacting main chain intermediate having dialdehyde end group with A-end group precursor compound in presence of reaction solution and catalyst. Preferred Composition: The catalyst is ammonium acetate or piperidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nucleation agent is borax or nano-aluminum oxide. The heat-conductive filler is expanded graphite powder and/or silicon carbide powder. The industrial solid paraffin has a phase change temperature of more than 40 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or polyacrylamide. Preferred Method: The expanded perlite of absorptive carrier is subjected to calcination at more than 450 degrees C for 0.5 hours. The process of saturated solution of sodium sulfate decahydrate absorption by vacuum absorption process comprises (a) calculating the total volume of expanded perlite micropore by pressure pump method, measuring the density of saturated sodium sulfate decahydrate solution to calculate weight ratio of expanded perlite and saturated sodium sulfate decahydrate solution for increasing the adsorption amount, (b) stirring expanded perlite and saturated sodium sulfate decahydrate solution at 40-50 degrees C at a vacuum pressure of 150-200 kpa for maximum absorption for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, melting industrial solid paraffin to liquid, adding heat conductive filler in the melt and stirring uniformly, forming an uniform seal layer on the surface of the heat storage material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The gel fraction of the preliminary sealing material sheet after melt-molding is 0%. The thickness of each outer layer is 10-20% of the thickness of the sealing material sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: In the anode chamber, inoculation of anaerobic sludge is carried out in presence of non-fermentable/fermentable carbon source, and salt, acid/alkaline salt and other trace metal ion, and optionally chemical cathodic electron acceptors using microorganism in form of mixed algae culture as catalysts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial fuel cell further has stainless steel (55) mesh as anode in the anode chamber, 55 mesh and/or graphite plate as cathode and unit for connecting cathode and anode. Preferred Arrangement: The cathode is placed in cathode compartment containing acrylic, polyvinyl chloride cylinder, and plastic bucket. Preferred Process: The power generation is enhanced by replacing graphite plate cathode by 55 mesh cathode in presence of permanganate as cathodic electron acceptor to efficiently reduce permanganate to manganese dioxide by stainless steel cathode over graphite cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The proton exchanger/anode chamber comprises earthen pot and/or earthen cylinder or plastic material container. The earthen material and/or earthen pot and/or earthen cylinder comprise natural soil material including soil element containing 1-1.39% sodium, 0.9-1.8% magnesium, 8-18.67% aluminum, 30-60% silicon, 1-5% potassium, 0.5-2% calcium, 0.5-1.06% titanium, 3-20% iron, 0.5-1% copper, and 40-60% total oxygen, and has porous wall with wall thickness of 3-8.5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-fermentable/fermentable carbon source comprises acetate and sucrose having typical chemical oxygen demand of 500-5000 mg. The cathodic chemical electron acceptors are in form of chemical electrolyte solutions containing potassium permanganate and nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrophobic gas-permeable layer is made of PTFE impregnated porous carbon fiber or PTFE impregnated porous ceramic. The PTFE film is covered with polyvinylidene difluoride thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyol prepolymer reaction is carried out using catalyst comprising tertiary amine or metal element-containing zinc, antimony, manganese, cobalt, tin, mercury, or lead, preferably tetrabutyl titanate, tetraisobutyl ester, titanium dioxide, zinc acetate, zinc oxide, antimony acetate, antimonous oxide, cobalt acetate, stannous chloride or stannous octoate, organic metal compound containing dibutyltin laurate, dibutyltin diacetate or triethylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of polyol prepolymer to alcohol is 1:1.05-1.3. (I) is 1, 4 succinic acid, succinic anhydride, adipic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid or isophthalic acid. The glycol is present in an amount of 20-60%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolyester has a viscosity of 10-100000 (20 degrees C, 60 revolutions per minute (rpm))/mPa.S. The total number of link A, B, and C is 20-60%. The alcohol comprises glycol compound of formulae (HO-X2-OH), (HO-X3-OH), and (HO-X4-OH). The polyol prepolymer is prepared by putting a raw material mixed with the alcohol raw material, introducing high purity nitrogen and raising the temperature to 140 degrees C, distilling out water, keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours, raising the temperature at 8-12 degrees C/hour to 170-180 degrees C, reacting the mixture at constant temperature for 1-2 hours, again reacting at 225-235 degrees C for 2-3 hours and at constant temperature for 3-5 hours, when distilled water outlet amount reaches theoretical outlet water is more than 90%, reducing the temperature to 130-160 degrees C, closing the nitrogen, until the absolute pressure is 0.01-0.03 MPa, sampling and detecting the reaction system in a content of less than 1 mg then potassium hydroxide/g. The method comprises cooling the catalyst to 130-160 degrees C after adding the nitrogen, or mixing raw material and alcohol raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises base layer and fluorine-containing coating. The base layer is covered sequentially with silicon-titanium film layer, fluorine-containing coating, fluorosilicate layer and EVA layer. Preferred Component: The base layer is polyethylene, polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate. The fluorine-containing coating is tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride ternary copolymer with 30-95 wt.% fluorine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent or white material having strong absorbing ability in the UV region is zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, rubidium oxide, aluminum oxide, europium oxide, zirconium oxide, metal-based oxides and hydroxides, silicate, fluorine-containing organic polymeric compound, pyrophosphoric acid salt, silicon oxide, silica gel, and/or silicon esters and their polymers. Preferred Process: The physical method is an air suspension method, electrostatic deposition, vapor deposition, molecular processing method, or extruding. The chemical method is polymerization, emulsifying method, anatase electroporation, radiation chemical method, or supercritical fluid method. The physical-chemical method is phase separation, solvent evaporation, spray-drying, drying bath method, deposition, or sintering. The TiO2 powder has rutile, anatase, and/or TiO2 pyromelane crystal structure, where the powder has average particle diameter of 50-1000 nanometers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The TiO2 powder is covered on the EVA (polyethylene-ethylene acid ethyl ester) resin matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conjugated polymer is of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V) or (VI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) are 5-(5-(9,9-Dioctyl-silafluoren-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-fluoro-2,3-bis(3-(octyloxy)phenyl)-8-(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline polymer of formula (II), 5-(5-(9,9-Dioctyl-silafluoren-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-2,3-bis(3-(octyloxy)phenyl)-8-(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline polymer of formula (III), 5-(5-(9,9-Dioctyl-silafluoren-2-yl)-4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-6-fluoro-8-(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis(4-(octyloxy)phenyl)quinoxaline polymer of formula (IV), 5-(5-(9,9-Dioctyl-silafluoren-2-yl)-4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-8-(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis(4-(octyloxy)phenyl)quinoxaline polymer of formula (V), 5-(5-(9,9-Dioctyl-silafluoren-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-6-fluoro-2,3-bis(5-octylthiophen-2-yl)-8-(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline polymer of formula (VI) and 5-(5-(9,9-Dioctyl-silafluoren-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-2,3-bis(5-octylthiophen-2-yl)-8-(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline polymer of formula (VII).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) are 5-(5-(4,8-Bis-(5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-6-fluoro-8-(4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis-(3-octyloxy-phenyl)-quinoxaline polymer of formula (II), 5-(5-(4,8-Bis-(5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-8-(4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis-(3-octyloxy-phenyl)-quinoxaline polymer of formula (III), 5-(5-(4,8-Bis-(5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-6-fluoro-8-(4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis-(4-octyloxy-phenyl)-quinoxaline polymer of formula (IV), 5-(5-(4,8-Bis-(5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-8-(4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis-(4-octyloxy-phenyl)-quinoxaline polymer of formula (V), 5-(5-(4,8-Bis-(5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-6-fluoro-8-(4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis-(5-octyl-thiophen-2-yl)-quinoxaline polymer of formula (VI) and 5-(5-(4,8-Bis-(5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-8-(4-hexyl-thiophen-2-yl)-2,3-bis-(5-octyl-thiophen-2-yl)-quinoxaline polymer of formula (VII).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The macromolecular template agent is PVP with molecular weight of 1300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyvinylidene fluoride component (A) comprises polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PTFE, polyvinyl fluoride (PHFP), perfluoro propyl vinyl ether (PPVE), fluorine-containing methyl vinyl ether (PMVE) and/or polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE). The fluoropolymer (B) containing functional group contains at least one of hydroxyl group (-OH) and cyano group (-CN). The fluoropolymer (B) is not suitable to be sulfonic acid or sulfonate, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid salt. The fluoropolymer (B) is monomer fluorovinyl ether of formula CF2=CF(OCF2(CF3))m-O-(CF2)n-X. The antistatic fluoropolymer can be added with additive, such as antioxidant, light stabilizer, mica, boron nitride, and titanium pigment.m=0-3;n=0-4; andX=CH2OH or CN.Preferred Composition: The co-polyfunctional group in fluoropolymer (B) is 0.2-18 wt.%. Preferred Methods: Mixing fluoropolymer (A) and fluoropolymer (B) containing functional group by way of melt-kneading, dry mixing, or wet mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The triangular wing structure of the micro-universal unmanned aircraft is made from expanded polypropylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The core component comprises positive pole component, diaphragm and negative pole component. The positive pole component is aluminum foil. The negative pole component is copper foil. The core component is filled with electrolyte and solvent. The electrolyte comprises lithium salt chosen from lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroborate and lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulating adhesive is styrene-butadiene rubber, phenolic resin or double-component adhesive. The packaging film is aluminum-plastic film. Preferred Component: The aluminum-plastic film comprises nylon layer, aluminum layer and polypropylene layer. The diaphragm comprises polypropylene film and/or polyethylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The top surface and bottom surface of the membrane layer are coated with polyvinylidene fluoride layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer formed by vacuum evaporation method contains silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer formed by catalyst chemical vapor deposition method contains silicon compound, and is formed using raw material containing monomer having methacryloyl group, acryloyl group or oxirane group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The base material is transparent polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The film thickness of inorganic layer formed by vacuum evaporation is 0.1-500 nm. The inorganic layer formed by chemical vapor deposition has a carbon content of 0.5-20 at% and a film thickness of 20 nm or less. The layer formed by catalyst chemical vapor deposition has a thickness of 0.1-100 nm, and contains a silicon compound when the layer is inorganic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer formed by catalyst chemical vapor deposition comprises a composition containing a monomer having (meth)acryloyl group or oxirane group, when the layer is organic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material is a transparent polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flame retardant, when present, is halogenated polymers and/or halogenated epoxy flame retardants. In the composition when the flame retardant is a halogenated epoxy flame retardant, the concentration of halogenated epoxy flame retardant is 15-35 wt.% of the total weight of the composition. The shore D hardness of the copolyether ester elastomer is 25-45. The ratio of the combined weight of (b) and (c) relative to the weight of (a) is 0.45-0.85. The ethylene copolymer toughener comprises copolymerized monomers of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate, and either n-butyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate. The polyester is poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(trimethylene terephthalate), and/or poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate). EXAMPLE - 55 wt.% Of polybutylene terephthalate, 11.2 wt.% of ethylene n-butyl acrylate glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, and 13.75 wt.% of Hytrel 4556 (RTM: Copolyether ester elastomer having a melting point of 193 degrees C) were mixed together and melted in a twin screw extruder at 270 degrees C extrusion temperature to form melt-mixed composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The inorganic layer formed by vacuum evaporation method, has thickness of 0.1-500 nm. The inorganic layer formed by opposing target sputtering method, has thickness of 0.1-500 nm. Preferred Composition: The carbon content of inorganic layer formed by chemical vapor deposition is 0.5-20 atomic%. The inorganic layer formed by chemical vapor deposition has thickness of 20 nm or less. The inorganic layer formed of opposing target sputtering method, contains silicon compound, aluminum oxide or zinc oxide containing oxygen and/or nitrogen. Inorganic layer formed by vacuum evaporation method, contains silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is a transparent-polymers film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The stack holder is made of material selected front he group consisting of ethylenetetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidine fluoride, polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene, polyethylenechlorotrifluoro-ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, glass fiber, ceramic fiber and laminates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Silver powder is produced using hydrazine hydrate with a concentration of 7-28g/L, polyvinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.2-0.8 g/L, and silver nitrate with a concentration of 1.5-6 g/L, and aqueous ammonia, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide to adjust pH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The catalytically active component is palladium or palladium alloy. The alkaline membrane fuel cell further comprises the catalytically inactive compound. The anode catalyst is: made of a palladium-nickel alloy; a mechanical mixture of palladium and nickel particles; and comprised of metal nanoparticles surface-decorated by another catalytically active metal. The catalyst is made of nickel nanoparticles surface decorated by palladium nanoparticles. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tie layer is made of titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflective layer is made of material selected from a group consisting of silver, gold, aluminum, copper, nickel and titanium. The reflective layer is a metal layer. The corrosion protective layer is made of one of copper and inert metal alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The compliance layer is made of butyl acrylate. The film allows skin layers made of polyvinylidene fluoride and polymethyl-meth-acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflective materials are selected from a group consisting of silver, gold, aluminum, copper, nickel, stainless steel, noble metal and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The weatherable layer includes Polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyester, fluoropolymer and a blend of an acrylate and a fluoropolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflective material layer is selected from any one of material such as silver, gold, aluminum, copper, nickel and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The weatherable layer is selected from any one of material such as poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, polyester, multilayer optical film, fluoropolymer, and blend of acrylate and fluoropo1ymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reflective layer comprises silver, gold, aluminum, copper, nickel, or titanium. The tie layer comprises titanium dioxide. The corrosion protective layer comprises copper and/or inert metal alloy. Preferred Property: The hygroscopic expansion coefficient of the reflective layer is 0-3 ppm/%RH.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric layer is a weatherable layer. The mirror film further comprises an adhesive layer (170), which is provided between the reflective layer and a substrate. The adhesive layer comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive. The mirror film further comprises tie layer (140) and compliance layer, which are provided between the polymeric film layer and the reflective layer, and a corrosion protective layer (160), which is adjacent to the reflective layer. The compliance layer comprises butyl acrylate. Preferred Property: The hygroscopic expansion coefficient of the polymeric film layer is preferably 15-20 ppm/%RH. The polymeric layer exhibits an average radiation transmission of 90% or more, with respect to solar radiation wavelength of 380-2500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The silicon-inclusive layers comprise silicon nitride. The primary and secondary silicon-inclusive layers have thickness of less than 100 Angstrom and 70-200 Angstrom , respectively. The metallic layer has thickness of 250-650 Angstrom . A layer (110) comprising nickel-chromium is interposed between the metallic layer and the secondary silicon-inclusive layer, and has thickness of 5-20 Angstrom . The coated article has glass side reflectance of 76% or more, preferably 82% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The content of component (A), component (B) and component (C) contained with respect to 100 pts. wt. total content of the ink composition is 40-98 pts. wt., 0.01-1 pts. wt. and 0.001-55 pts. wt., respectively. Preferred Properties: The contact angle of the ink composition with respect to the glass substrate is 30-60 degrees . The viscosity of the ink composition is 10-20 cP.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (A) is chosen from dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and tripropylene glycol diacrylate. The toluene solution containing 0.1 wt.% fluorosurfactant has surface tension of 20-30 mN/m, preferably 23-27 mN/m. The propylene glycol methyl ether solution containing 0.1 wt.% fluorosurfactant has surface tension of 20-30 mN/m, preferably 24-28 mN/m. The solvent is chosen from diethylene glycol methyl butyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, butyl lactate, ethoxyethyl acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethyl ethoxy propionate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether and propylene glycol butyl ether. The ink composition further contains 0.1-5 wt.% adhesion promoter (D), and additive (E) chosen from polymerization initiator and binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluorosurfactant (B) is polyethylene glycol containing perfluorocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises: (a) adding water to the plasticizer in a stirring barrel and then stirring at a frequency of 10-15 Hz, heating and cooling, (b) adding the slurry and then stirring at a temperature of 38-40 degrees C, adding the stirred mixture with the adhesive and then stirring at a frequency of 20-25 Hz for 30-35 minutes, (c) adding the stirred mixture in the acetone and then stirring at a frequency of 20-25 Hz for 30-35 minutes, (d) adding the stirred mixture in the ethyl acetate and then mixing until the feed rate of 40-45 kg/hours and stirring at a frequency of 10-15 Hz, (e) mixing the slurry at a temperature of 40 plus minus 3 degrees C for 90-100 minutes and then stirring at a frequency of 40-45 Hz, and (f) isolating a treated slurry until a solid content is 5-7% and then discharging; and transferring prepared slurry to the insulating film and then heating in an oven at a temperature of 65 plus minus 3 degrees C, 65 plus minus 3 degrees C or 70 plus minus 3 degrees C, respectively, installing the insulating film on the feeding shaft and then soaking and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organotin compound is diorganotin compound of formula: R1xSnAy, R12SnA2, R1pSn(OCOR2)q, (R1pSn(OCOR2)q)O or (R12Sn(OCOR2))2O. The alkoxysilane compound of formula: R3mSi(OR4)4-m is tetraalkoxy silane.R1=1-12C linear or 3-12C branched alkyl, alkenyl or 6-12 aryl;A=1-18c linear, 3-18 branched alkoxy or alkoxy silyl;x,p=1 or 2;y=4-x;q=4-p or 3-p;andm=0-3.Preferred Properties: The low-reflection film has thickness of 50-200 nm, pure-water contact angle based onJIS R3257 (1999), is 2-40 degrees and surface-resistance value of 106-1012 ohm.cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The rubber modification epoxy resin is nitrile-butadiene rubber-modified epoxy resin. The silane coupling agent is epoxy silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is acryloxy group or methacryloxy group-containing alkoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The olefin resin has a density of 0.850 g/cm3 or more, and a low density polyethylene of 0.910 g/cm3 or less. The content of silane coupling agent is 0.1-3 %mass. The main ingredient resin does not contain silane modified polyethylene resin. The sealing material composition further contains a crosslinking agent. The content of crosslinking agent is 0.02 %mass or more and less than 0.5 %mass. Preferred Properties: The sealing material sheet has a gel fraction of 0-10%, and haze value in thickness of 400 mu m of 7% or less. After molding by melting and before crosslinking process, the gel fraction of the sealing material sheet is 0-2%. The gel fraction of the sealing material sheet after crosslinking process is 0-10%. The glass adhesion strength of the sealing material sheet after crosslinking process is more than glass adhesion strength of the sealing material sheet before crosslinking process measured with adhesion strength measuring method. Preferred Process: The adhesion-strength measuring method involves cutting the sealing material sheet into 15 mu m width, sticking on a glass plate which is surface-textured, processing by a vacuum heating laminator at 150 degrees C for 18 minutes, performing perpendicular peeling (50 mu m/min) test for the sealing material sheet adhered on the glass plate by peeling test machine, and measuring adhesion strength.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the epoxy group-containing silane coupling agent, silane coupling agent and organic peroxide is 0.05-2 pts. wt., 0.1-5 pts. wt. and 0.1-3 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer. The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer contains 80-90 mol% structural unit (A) derived from ethylene, and 10-20 mol% structural unit (B) derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin. The solar cell sealing material further contains 0.005-0.1 pts. wt. hindered phenol stabilizer, 0.01-2 pts. wt. hindered amine light stabilizer, 0.005-0.5 pts. wt. phosphorus stabilizer, 0.005-0.5 pts. wt. ultraviolet absorber and 0.05-5 pts. wt. crosslinking adjuvant with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer. Preferred Properties: The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer has melt flow rate of 10-27 g/minute, measured at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg based on ASTM D1238, density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 based on ASTM D1505, and Shore A hardness of 60-85 based on ASTM D2240.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin (A) is a copolymer of ethylene and 6-8C alpha -olefin. The difference of density of the polyethylene-type resins (A) and (B) is 0.04 g/cm3 or less. The density difference of all polyethylene-type resins contained in filler composition is 0.06 g/cm3 or less. The resin (B) is copolymer formed by copolymerizing alpha -olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as co-monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The material of specific element is made of aluminum or another metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The acrylic layer is selected from the group consisting of resin, acrylate, acrylic monomer or acrylic containing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Polymerization ratio rate of acrylonitrile of copolymer is 0.1-10 mol.%. Preferred Compositions: Amount of monomer which has greater than or equal to 3 acryloyl groups is 40-70 mass% with respect to total amount of monomer raw material and polymer raw material. Polyester base material is polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. Preferred Processes: Inorganic layer is formed on organic layer by ion-plating method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The contact bonding layer has shore A hardness of 80 or less. The ball number of the surface of the white reflecting film is 1 or less, which is measured by ball tack test based on "inclination type ball tack" of JIS Z0237 Vapor-deposited aluminum flake powder with average particle diameter of 25 mu m is uniformly dispersed on the surface of white reflecting film, such that the decreasing rate of the reflectance of light with a wavelength of 220-1000 nm in the process back and front is 5% or less, when the process blown away from 100-mm distance with nozzle having diameter of 2 mm and air-ejection amount of 160 L/minute using air gun is carried out. Preferred Components: The contact bonding layer is a layer formed from using adhesive agent chosen from silicone type adhesive agent, a polyimide-type adhesive agent, epoxy adhesive, urethane type adhesive agent and acryl-type adhesive agent, preferably silicone type adhesive agent. The support base material is a polyimide-type base material, when contact bonding layer is a polyimide-type adhesive agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The granular polycrystalline silicon: is free of inclusions of ultrafine particles within a size of less than 10 mu m, preferably 1 nm to less than 10 mu m; comprises a surface layer comprising acicular crystals arranged in parallel; and have a particle size of 150 mu m to 10 mm. The compact matrix and surface layer include acicular crystals arranged in parallel. In the method, a further screen fraction having a particle size distribution of 600-8000 mu m and a mass-based median value of 1200-2600 mu m is supplied to the fluidized bed reactor and is surface-treated with a gas mixture comprising TCS and hydrogen with TCS content of 5.1 to less than 10 mole% at the fluidized bed temperature of 870-990 degrees C. In the method, a fixed bed of granular silicon having a height of more than 100 mm lies on a base plate of the reactor in the fluidized bed reactors, and the silicon used has an average sphericity of greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.96.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Pipelines in an addition system and pipelines in a removal system are lined with mono- or polysilicon boards, with provision of silicon rods processed to silicon boards, deposited with nitrogen doping between lining and pipeline. Shut-off valves are used, parts of which in contact with the granular silicon consist of nitrile-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains transition metal complex oxide containing manganese, as an electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The polymer is of formula (II). EXAMPLE - 15.6 g Vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer and 200 ml tetrahydrofuran of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride were mixed at 40 degrees C in a reactor, 7.61 g salicylhydrazide was added, refluxed at 63 degrees C for 2 hours and polymerized. The resultant reaction solution was filtrated and dried, to obtain purple polymer having yield of 88%. The obtained polymer was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or dimethylformamide, heated at room temperature, and dissolved by stirring to obtain polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The perfluorinated ionomer precursor has perfluorinated carbon-carbon linear backbone chains and perfluorinated pendent side chains extending off of the perfluorinated carbon-carbon linear chains, and the perfluorinated pendent chains terminate with a -S02X group. The perfluorinated ionomer precursor coated on the particles has uniform, nano-thickness. The perfluorinated proton-conducting ionomer surrounds the particles. The particles include nano-particles which is a noble metal(s). The nano-particles are disposed on a support chosen from porous carbon and metal oxide. The polymeric substrate is perfluorinated sulfonic acid. The perfluorinated ionomer precursor has dry weight of 5 -100 wt.%, preferably 30-70 wt.% of the particles. The perfluorinated proton-conducting ionomer has an equivalent weight of 280-1500 g/mol, preferably 280-700 g/mol.X=groups chosen from fluoro, chloro, and amine.Preferred Process: The method involves providing at least one monomer of the perfluorinated ionomer precursor and mixing the monomer with the particles, and polymerizing one or more monomer to produce the perfluorinated ionomer precursor in the presence of the particles. The combining of the particles and the perfluorinated ionomer precursor further involves dispersing and coating the particles with the perfluorinated ionomer precursor and dissolving the perfluorinated ionomer precursor in one or more solvent. The method further involves removing one or more solvent to uniformly coat the particles with the perfluorinated ionomer precursor after combining, crosslinking the perfluorinated ionomer precursor coated on the particles to form the perfluorinated proton-conducting ionomer and the cross-linking involves forming sulfonimide group(s), -SO2-NH-SO2-, to covalently link two perfluorinated pendent side chains of the perfluorinated ionomer precursor which is coated on the particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric-resilient body is made of material selected from a group consisting of nitrile butadiene rubber, fluoro rubber, High cis BR (HBR), styrene butadiene rubber, chioroprene rubber, ethylene propylene terpolymer, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and silicon rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid additive is chosen from organic peroxide and silane coupling agent. The solid additive is chosen from ultraviolet absorber, heat-resistant stabilizer and optical stabilizer. The additive (A) contains 0.1-3 pts. wt. organic peroxide and 0.1-4 pts. wt. silane coupling agent. The additive (B) contains 0.05-5 pts. wt. crosslinking adjuvant. The additive (B) is liquid. The liquid crosslinking adjuvant is triaryl isocyanurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin is ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer. The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer contains 80-90 mol% ethylene and 10-20 mol% 3-20C ( alpha )olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The separation mechanism form precipitation by adding salt containing multicharged ion chosen from sulfate ion, carbonate ion and oxalate ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The metal air cell further has adsorption separation mechanism containing ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resin is chelate resin having functional group chosen from iminodiacetic acid group, polyamine group and N-methyl glucamine group. The separation mechanism has a structure which functions as a chelating agent having fixed chelate resin introduced into polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The intrinsic viscosity of polyester (A) is preferably 0.6-0.84 dl/g. The polyester film has IV value of 0.7-0.94 dl/g, preferably 0.71-0.84 dl/g and gel fraction of less than 0.1%. The polyester (A) has carboxylic acid value of less than 25 equivalent/tonne, preferably less than 20 equivalent/tonne. The molecular weight of compound (B) is 400 or more. Preferred Composition: The amount of compound is preferably 0.05-0.6 %mass with respect to total amount of polyester (A). The component derived from the carboxylic acid of polyester (A) is aromatic dibasic acid or component derived from ester-forming derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal film is made from one of aluminum, chromium, silver, copper, and alloys. The additional metal film is made from one of silver, aluminum, copper, chromium, titanium, or an alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The electrode (A) is a transparent electrode. The electrode (B) is counter electrode. The organic photoelectric conversion element has positive hole transport layer (26) formed between photoelectric converting layer and (B).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Compound: The conjugated polymer compound (I) is preferably conjugated polymer compound of formula (II).A=acceptor unit;ands=0-4.Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer compound is 10000-100000. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2==O.    EXAMPLE - 3.28 g 3,6-dibromo-2H,5H-thieno(3,2-b)thiophene-2,5-dione, 7.9 g (4-(2-ethylhexyl)-4,5-dihydrothiophen-2-yl)trimethylstannane and 1.16 g tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium were dissolved in 200 ml dehydrated toluene, reacted, and purified, to obtain 5 g 6-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiolan-2-yl)-3-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2H,5H,6H-1,3,4-(1,4)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene-2,5-dione with yield of 90%. 390 mg 6-(4-(2-Ethylhexyl)thiolan-2-yl)-3-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2H,5H,6H-1,3,4-(1,4)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene-2,5-dione and 558 mg N-bromo succinimide were added into 30 ml methylene chloride, stirred, salt solution was added, washed, extracted, dried with magnesium sulfate, and distilled, and purified, to obtain 667 mg 3,6-bis(5-bromo-4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2H,5H,6H-1,3,4-(1,4)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene-2,5-dione with yield of 93%. The 3,6-bis(5-bromo-4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2H,5H,6H-1,3,4-(1,4)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene-2,5-dione was heated and reacted, 11 mg 2-tributyl tin thiophene was added, refluxed, 10 mg 2-bromo-thiophene was added, refluxed, and purified, to obtain 110 mg pure polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrophilic property structure is of formula: -(CF2-CF(-O)(-Rf4-SO3H))n- (IV). The polymerizable monomer has structure (IV). The polymer electrolyte further has hydrophobic structure of formula: -(CF2-CF(-Rf5))-p (III), bonded with the asymmetrical cyclic structure and/or the hydrophilic property structure. Preferred Process: The manufacture of polymer electrolyte further involves copolymerizing raw material containing hydrophobic monomer having structure (III).Rf5=Rf1;Rf4=-(CF2CF(CF3)O)h-(CF2)i-;h=0-3;i=1-10;andn,p=1 or more.(i) When Rf1 and Rf2 are F, Rf3 is -CF2CF3, Rf4 is -(CF2)2-, h is 0 and i is 2, then relation of formula: 700 less than or equal to 244x m/n+280 less than or equal to 1000, is satisfied; and (ii) When Rf1 and Rf2 are F, Rf3 is -CF2CF3, Rf4 is -(CF2CF(CF3)O)-(CF2)2-, h is 1 and i is 2, then relation of formula: 600 less than or equal to 244asterisk\m/n+446 less than or equal to 1000, is satisfied. Preferred Definitions:    Rf1,Rf2=F.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The protective layer has thickness of 20-50 mu m. The adhesive layer has thickness of 2-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin sheet base layer is added with 5-40 wt.% inorganic particles having size of 0.01-1 mu m. The fluorine-containing coating is protective layer formed using fluorine resin coating. The bonding layer material comprises a resin substrate and a curing agent. The fluorine-containing resin comprises 60-65 wt.% fluorine-containing resin, 4-8 wt.% curing agent, 0.1-0.5 wt.% curing accelerator, 6-25.8 wt.% solvent, 10-20 wt.% pigment and 0.1-0.5 wt.% ultraviolet absorbent. Preferred Property: The basic resin sheet has thickness of 100-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium oxide paste further contains acetic acid, ethanol, precursor material and polymer material. The precursor material includes titanium phosphate, titanium chloride and/or titanium butoxide. The metal in the metal-doped titanium oxide-containing nanofibers is chosen from silver, iron, platinum, gold, cobalt, copper, vanadium, nickel, cerium, neodymium, zinc and niobium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric material comprises polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene and/or polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base oil is castor dibasic acid polyethylene glycol ester and/or isooctyl sebacate. The dicarboxylic acid is sebacic acid, ricinoleic acid or adipic acid. The friction modifier is chosen from butyl oleate and phosphonate benzotriazole octadecylamine salt. The extreme pressure antiwear agent is chosen from isobutylene sulfide, phosphate ester amine salt, tricresyl phosphate and triphenyl thiophosphate. The metal deactivator is benzotriazole derivative or thiadiazole derivative. The antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, mixed phenol, dialkyl aniline and/or dibutyl dithiocarbamate. The rust inhibitor is dodecencylsuccinic acid ester and/or dinonyl naphthalene sulfonic barium. The anti-foaming agent is silicone oil and/or a non-silicone anti-foam agent. Preferred Property: The dibasic acid polyethylene glycol ester has kinematic viscosity of 68-460 mm2/second at 40 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The antiemulsifying agent is amine condensated with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with ethylene oxide copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive fine particles are spherical aluminum powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The (meth)acrylic resin has a weight average molecular weight of 5000-50000. The content of (meth)acrylic resin is 1 wt.% or more and less than 10 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The polymer further has bivalent heterocyclic group-containing structural unit of formula: -(Ar4)- (VII). The polymer has bivalent cyclopentadiene-containing structural unit of formula (XII).W3,W4=-N= or -C(R')=;R'=H, halo or monovalent group;Z1=-O-, -S-, -Se-, -Te-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, -C(-R11)=C(-R12)-, -C(-R13)=N- or -N(-R14)-;Z3,Z4=-O-, -S-, -Se-, -Te-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, -C(-R31)=C(-R32)-, -C(-R33)=N- or -N(-R34)-;R11-R14,R31-R34,R41-R44=H, optionally substituted monovalent group, H or halo;R7,R8=H, halo or monovalent group;or R7+R8=ring;Z5=-O-, -S-, -Se-, -Te-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, -C(-R41)=C(-R42)-, -C(-R43)=N- or -N(-R44)-;Ar4=bivalent heterocyclic group or bivalent aryl (both optionally substituted);s,t=0-6;andor R31+R32,R11+R12,R41+R42=ring. EXAMPLE - 2,5-Bis-tert-butylstannanyl-7,7-bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)-7H-3,4-dithia-7-sila-cyclopenta(a)pentalene, 1,3-dibromo-6,7-dioctyl-naphtho(2,3-c)thiophene-4,9-dione, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), tri-o-tolylphosphine, and chlorobenzene were reacted at 200 degrees C for 30 minutes under argon atmosphere, and purified, to obtain polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin paint is made of epoxy resin and hardener. The epoxy equivalent of epoxy resin is 200-2100. The epoxy resin is added with 2-16 wt.% curing agent. The thickness of epoxy resin paint is 20-45 mu m. Preferred Method: The epoxy resin paint is coated by curtain coating method on metal surface of mirror. The process of epoxy paint further comprises heating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The repeating unit having ion exchange group is of formula (I), preferably of formulae (II)-(IV). The polymer has repeating unit does not having ion exchange group of formulae: -(((Ar1-Y1)a-Ar2-Z1-((Ar3-Y2)b-Ar4-Z2)c)n-(Ar1-Y1)a-Ar2)-, and -Ar0. The polymer preferably has repeating unit of formula (XI).y1=1-3;y2,z1=1-4;y2+z1=2-5;a-c=0 or 1;n=5 or more;Ar1-Ar4,Ar0=bivalent aromatic group, in which H is optionally substituted by 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl, 6-20C aryloxy and 2-20C acryl (all optionally substituted by fluoro, cyano, 1-20C alkoxy, 6-20C aryl or 6-20C aryloxy);Y1,Y2=single bond, carbonyl, sulfonyl, isopropylidene, hexafluoro isopropylidene or fluorene-9,9-diyl;andZ1,Z2=oxygen or sulfur.When z' is 1 or more, x is 1 or more. Preferred Compound: The dihalo sulfur compound is of formulae (VIII)-(X). EXAMPLE - 3.64 g Anhydrous nickel bromide, 2.61 g 2,2'-bipyridine, and 37.5 g N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were mixed in nitrogen atmosphere, and stirred at 65 degrees C for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled to 20 degrees C, and water was added. 7.5 g 4,4'-Dibromo-2,5,2',5'-tetrafluoro-6,6'-biphenyl disulfonic acid bis(2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl), 2.19 g zinc powder and 63.8 g N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were mixed at 40 degrees C. 12.9 mg Methane sulfonic acid and 0.85 g N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were added, and stirred at 40 degrees C for 3 hours. The solution was stirred at 20 degrees C for 18 hours, washed and dried to produce polyarylene having weight average molecular weight of 50000 and number average molecular weight of 22000. The polymer had ion exchange capacity of 1.47 milliequivalent/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The first piezoelectric sheet includes piezoelectric material containing mixture of lead-zirconium-titanium oxide(Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) and lead-zinc-niobium oxide (Pb(Zn,Nb)O3), mixture of lead-zirconium-titanium oxide (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) and lead-nickel-niobium oxide (Pb(Ni,Nb)O3), mixture of lead-zirconium-titanium oxide (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) and lead-zinc-nickel-niobium oxide (Pb((Zn,Ni)1/3Nb2/3)O3), mixture of lead-zirconium-titanium oxide (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3), lead-zinc-nickel-niobium oxide (Pb((Zn,Ni)1/3Nb2/3)O3) and copper oxide, mixture of lead-zirconium-titanium oxide (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3), lead-zinc-nickel-niobium oxide (Pb((Zn,Ni)1/3Nb2/3)O3) and manganese oxide, mixture of lead-zirconium-titanium oxide (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) and polyvinylidene fluoride, mixture of lead-zirconium-titanium oxide (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) and silicone polymer, mixture of lead-zirconium-titanium oxide (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) and epoxy polymer, sodium-potassium-niobium oxide ((Na,K)NbO3), sodium-potassium-lithium-niobium oxide ((Na,K,Li)NbO3) or bismuth-sodium-titanium oxide ((Bi,Na)TiO3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is benzene, toluene, n-pentane, n-hexane or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The amphipathic conjugated diblock copolymer is prepared by adding solvent to Grignard reagent of formula: R'-MgX , mixing, adding hydrophilic thiophene monomer of formula (II), reacting for 2-3 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, adding metallic nickel complex as a catalytic initiator, to the resultant reaction mixture, reacting for 1-1.5 hours, adding phenyl isonitrile compound of formula (III), and carrying out the polymerization reaction for 1-1.5 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The molar ratio of the hydrophilic thiophene monomer and metallic nickel complex is 1:(30-150).R'=alkyl;X=-Cl, -Br or -I;andX2=X1.Preferred Properties: The copolymer has number average molecular weight of 2000-364000, and molecular weight distribution coefficient of 1.70 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is phosphate-based coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The amount of CS is 3-5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The total amount of PVDF/PVA is 20 wt.%. The weight ratio of PVDF and PVA is 8:2, preferably 6:4. The amount of coupling agent is 30 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The normal temperature curing agent is methyl ethyl peroxide M50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The co-extruded film is ethylene-vinyl acetate resin. The ethylene-vinyl acetate resin has 15-40 wt.% vinyl acetate. The co-extruded film further comprises photoinitiator, peroxide initiator, crosslinking photocurable monomer or oligomer, auxiliary crosslinking agent, antioxidant, light stabilizer or silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte salt comprises lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(oxalate)borate and lithium hexafluoroarsenate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises a film-forming additive, overcharge additive and high temperature additive. The film forming additive is ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate. The overcharge additive is cyclohexyl benzene, biphenyl and xylene. The high temperature additive is 1, 3-propane sultone and phthalic anhydride. The electrolyte salt comprises tetrafluorine methyl triethyl ammonium, dimethyl ethyl tetra-fluorine ammonium borate, trimethyl ethyl tetra-fluorine ammonium borate, tetramethyl tetrafluorine ammonium borate and tetraethyl tetra-fluorine ammonium borate. Preferred Composition: The organic electrolyte comprises solvent, electrolyte salt and additive. The solvent is 20-30 vol.% dimethyl carbonate, 20-30 vol.% diethyl carbonate, 10-20 vol.% ethyl methyl carbonate and 25-50 vol.% ethylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The supported catalyst is prepared by uniformly dispersing carrier in water to form suspension, adding nanoparticle sol into suspension, stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, centrifugally separating, washing, and vacuum drying at 50-80 degrees C. The reaction is carried out at 0-60 degrees C for 1-24 hours, preferably 3-12 hours. Preferred Components: The water soluble palladium and platinum precursor is palladium and platinum complex anion with alkali metal cation salt. The total molar concentration of palladium and platinum is 4-16 millimole/L. The molar ratio of ascorbic acid and palladium and platinum elements is 7:1-16:1. The prepared palladium-platinum core shell structure catalyst comprises spherical palladium nanoparticles and platinum nanodendritic crystal shell. The core diameter of palladium nanoparticle is 3-30 nu m. The particle size of platinum nanodendritic crystal shell is less than 1-5 nu m. The total nanoparticle diameter of palladium and platinum is 10-100 nu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water soluble block copolymer is Pluronic F127 (RTM: poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock) or Pluronic P-123 (RTM: poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) triblock). The block copolymer has mass fraction of 0.5-5%. The carrier comprises carbon material, conductive polymer, or conductive ceramic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of compound (I) comprises adding melamine and aldehyde compound at mol ratio of 1-5:3 into colorimetric tube, adding dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, ultrasonic dissolving until solution is completely clear, heating solution to 160-190 degrees C, and reacting for 2-10 hours. Preferred Components: The aldehyde compound is glyoxal, glutaric dialdehyde or benzene. Preferred Composition: The melamine and glyoxal mol ratio is 4:3; and melamine and glutaric dialdehyde mol ratio is 1:1. Preferred Method: The reaction is heated to 180 degrees C in high temperature reaction kettle, and reacting for 3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The up-converting material is doped in yttrium oxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide or hafnium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent comprises xylene, turpentine oil, terpineol, butyl carbitol acetate, and/or dibutyl phthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The component A is polyolefin wax with carboxyl functional group. The component B has structure that can be adsorbed on surface of silver particles anchoring knot groups and can be solvent compatible, and contains unsaturated group capable of thermal crosslinking in structure. It is unsaturated polyamide resin, unsaturated acrylic resin, and/or unsaturated acrylic resin copolymer. The ratio of component A to component B is (1:5)-(5:1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The olefin is ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene or octane. The acrylic ester is methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-methyl methacrylate or 2-methacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The norbornene copolymer is norbornene and olefin compound or norbornene and acrylate copolymer formed by copolymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction gas is oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The deposition rate of the magnetic sputtering is carried out at 0.05-0.1 nm/s. The addition of reaction gas is carried out at flowrate of 5-15 standard cm3/minute. The annealing process of the film is carried out at vacuum degree of 5x10-5-1x10-4 Pa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Slurry: The nano slurry has solid content of 5-25 wt.%, and does not contain precipitate having particle size of 10-200 nm. The nano slurry has grain diameter of 50-150 nm. The nano slurry contains 5-25 pts. wt. nano powder, 2-25 pts. wt. wetting agent, 2-25 pts. wt. dispersing agent, and 25-91 pts. wt. dispersion medium. The nano powder is porous powder having grain diameter of 5-100 nm, and is obtained by gas phase method or precipitation method using silicon carbide, titanium dioxide, gas phase white carbon black or alumina powder. The amount of nano powder is 40-200 wt.% of total amount.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Medium: The dispersion medium is chosen from of water, ethanol, butanol, xylene or butyl acetate. The solvent used for film-forming material is chosen from water, ethanol, butanol, propylene glycol, xylene, butyl acetate, acetone or methyl amyl ketone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Agent: The wetting agent is polybasic acid polymer, modified polyester or polyoxyethylene. The dispersing agent is modified polyacrylate, modified polyester or fatty amine dispersant. The film-forming material is chosen from polyacrylic acid resin, polyurethane resin, alkyd resin, amino resin, polyester, organic silicone resin, inorganic silicate or its aqueous dispersion or emulsion. The auxiliary agent is chosen from a dispersant, a wetting agent, a flatting agent or thickening agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment is carbon black, phthalocyanine blue. The permanent filler is 10-20 nm average grain diameter of gas phase silicon dioxide, specifically A200, N-20. The dispersing agent is DEUCHEM 983 (RTM: wetting and dispersing agent), BYK9076 (RTM: wetting and dispersing agent).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active diluent of component A is butyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, or alkyl glycidyl ether. The accelerator is salicylic acid, phenol, DMP-30, K-54. The diluting agent is benzyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A type epoxy resin, where epoxy value is 0.4-0.6%. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent or titanic acid ester coupling agent. The silane coupling agent is KH-550, A-1100, z-6020, KH-560, Z-6040, A-187, KH580, KH590, and the titanic acid ester coupling agent is KR-38S, HXC-201, SG-Ti-501, Tyzor LA (RTM: water-based titanium chelate with lactic acid). The polyester resin is hydroxyl polyester resin. The defoaming agent is silica and polyacrylates, specifically BYK-065 (RTM: defoamer), BYK-066N (RTM: defoamer), BYK-354 (RTM: additive), DEUCHEM 5500 (RTM: bubble realizing, antifoaming agent), DEUCHEM 6800 (RTM: bubble realizing, antifoaming agent), DEUCHEM 2700 (RTM: silicone-free bubble realizing, antifoaming agent). The delusterant is silica and polyacrylates, specifically BYK-306 (RTM: additive), DEUCHEM 495 (RTM: flow and leveling agent).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The foaming agent is fluorine dichloroethane. The silicone oil is B-8525.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The phenolic resin has weight average molecular weight of 800-2000. It comprises linear phenolic resin, linear o-cresol phenolic resin, linear methyl phenolic aldehyde resin and linear methyl phenolic aldehyde resin. The diluent is methyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, dimethylmethacrylate, methyl lactate, and butyl lactate. The tackifier is silane coupling agent-560 and silane coupling agent-550. The film forming agent is propylene glycol and propylene glycol butyl ether. The crosslinking agent is butyl ether amino resin, methylated amino resin and ether amino resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is tetrabutyl titanate or tetraethyl titanate, in an amount of dibasic acid and dibasic alcohol 0.045-0.055%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compatibilizer is maleic anhydride grafted low density polyethylene, grafting rate is 1.0-2.0%, and melting index is 2.0-3.0 g/10 minutes/190 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin and/or bisphenol F epoxy resin. The toughening epoxy resin is core-shell modified toughening epoxy resin and/or carboxyl-terminated liquid rubber-modified epoxy resin. The curing agent is polymercaptan. The catalyst is alicyclic amine N-aminoethylpiperazine, tri-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol and/or benzyldimethylamine. The cationic surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone. The filler is heavy calcium carbonate and/or light calcium carbonate. The thixotropic agent is hydrophilic fumed silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The purity of phosphoric acid, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, lithium hydroxide, ascorbic acid, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, anhydrous ethanol and acetone is no less than chemical pure. Preferred Property: The single-crystal nano-rod has radial size of 50-200 nm, and length of 0.5-10 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total concentration of mixed solution i40-250mg/L. The carbon carrier is carbon black or modified carbon black. The total amount of catalytic agent is 10-60%. Preferred Property: The carbon carrier has specific surface area of 100-2000 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The polyethyleneglycol has molecular weight of 400-6000. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of acetone and metal is 200-2000:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The europium solution is europium chloride or europium (III) nitrate. The europium (III) nitrate solution has a concentration of 0.1-1 mole/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The beta -diketone and phosphine oxide of rare earth europium complex has a structure of formula (I). The diformylchloride derivative is benzoyl (sic), acetyl benzoyl methane (sic), benzoyl thiophene methyl acyl methane (sic), benzoyl furan formyl methane (sic), benzoyl three fluorine methane formyl methane (sic) or methane benzoyl thiophene methyl benzoyl methane (sic). The phosphine oxide derivative is phosphine, tributyl phosphine oxide, phosphine oxide, propyl pentyl phosphine oxide, hexyl phosphine oxide or octyl phosphine oxide. The mixed solution has a concentration of 0.2-1.3 mole/l. The volume ratio of the trichloromethane and alcohol solution of phosphine oxide is 1/1-1/5. The alcohol solution of phosphine oxide derivative is present in an amount of 0.3-1.8 mole/l. The molar ratio of the europium (III) nitrate solution, diformylchloride derivative and alcohol solution of phosphine oxide derivative is 1:3:2. The alcohol solution is ethanol, isopropanol or butanol. The rare earth light conversion agent is used in ethylene vinyl acetate film solar modules, where the film comprises 15-33 wt.% of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 0.1-10 wt.% of crosslinking agent, 0.1-10 wt.% of antioxidant, 0.1-10 wt.% of tackifier, 0.1-10 wt.% of rare earth of conversion agent.R1, R2 = butyl, propyl, pentyl, hexyl or octyl;R3 = methyl, ethyl group, propyl, butyl, phenyl, 2-thienyl or furyl; andR4 = methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl, trifluoromethyl, t-butyl or naphthyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conjugated polymer is of formula (II), (III), (IV), (V), (VI) or (VII).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Compound of formula II is synthesized by dissolving 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole in anhydrous ethanol, adding sodium borohydride (NaBH4), concentrating, adding ethyl acetate and saturated salt water, drying, concentrating, and purifying. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 9 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. formulae (II)-(VI).    EXAMPLE - In 150 mL anhydrous ethanol, 5 g of 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole was dissolved, 1 g NaBH4 was added, and mixture was reacted for 20 hours at room temperature. Reaction mixture was concentrated to remove ethanol, 160 mL ethyl acetate was added, and saturated salt water was added to wash organic phase which was dried by magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). Reaction mixture was concentrated to remove organic solvent, and crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate of volume ratio 25/1 as eluent to obtain 3.5 g of compound of formula (II) with 78% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The active agent is zinc oxide. The reinforcing agent is white carbon black. The filler contains 30-40 pts. wt. calcined clay, 35-45 pts. wt. talc, and 40-50 pts. wt. calcium carbonate. The composite curing agent is NFCP-P.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The stabilizer is ST-18C. The antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis(methyl- beta -(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate). The cold-resistant plasticizer is dioctyl sebacate. The lubricating additive is microcrystalline wax. The silane coupling agent is vinyl tris( beta -methoxyethoxy)silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: Rubber (A) has a Mooney viscosity of 38 at 100 degrees C, an ethylene content of 65%, and an ethylidene-norbornene content of 5.7%. Rubber (B) has a Mooney viscosity of 45 at 100 degrees C, an ethylene content of 44.5%, and an ethylidene-norbornene content of 7.6%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Carbon source chosen from gaseous carbon source, liquid carbon source and solid carbon source is used in the manufacturing process. Protective gas comprising nitrogen, argon gas and/or helium gas is used in the manufacturing process. The deposited carbon source is removed using etching liquid chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and/or ferric trichloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The three-dimensional continuous network structure is formed using mold made of iron, cobalt, copper, nickel and/or ruthenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon source is ethylene, acetylene, ethane, propane, methanol, ethanol and/or propanol, or polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(dimethylsiloxane).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The three-dimensional support on which the carbon source is deposited is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene. The binder is propylene glycol, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol or polyethylene dissolved in ethanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methyl-pyrrolidone solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: During preparation of photo-catalyst-loaded polymer film on indium tin oxide thin film, carbon nanotube-doped polymer is used. Preferred Composition: The polymer is polymethyl methacrylate, nylon or polyurethane. The dye-sensitizing solution contains dye chosen from cis-Bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2- bipyridyl-4,4- dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) (N3), di-tetrabutylammonium cis-bis(isothiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylato)ruthenium(II) (N719), methyl blue or red mercury dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nucleating agent is talc powder, silicon dioxide, or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nucleating agent is sodium benzoate. The antioxidant is phosphorous acid bisphenol A ester or (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-4,4'-biphenylyl) phosphonic acid. The UV light absorbent is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2,4 benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenones benzophenone or 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole. The UV light stabilizer is 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hexadecyl ester, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl), or (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydrolysis-resistant agent is polycarbodiimide. The adhesive layer is polyurethane glue, acrylic ester glue or epoxy glue. The structure enhancing layer is biaxially oriented polyethylene glycol terephthalate layer. The polyoxyethylene (POE) layer is maleic anhydride-modified POE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydroxyl acrylic resin is present in an amount of 10-30%. The polyester resin is polyester/polyether polyatomic alcohol resin. The solvent is ester, aromatic hydrocarbon and/or ether organic solvent. The antifoaming agent is AC-300, BYK 054 (RTM: Silicone polymer air release additive), BYK A530 (RTM: Silicone polymer air release additive) and/or Airex 900. The dispersing agent is BYK 108 (RTM: Hydroxyl functional carboxylic acid ester with pigment affinic groups), BYK 163 and/or BYK161. The thixotropic agent is polyamide wax, gas-phase silicon dioxide and/or organic bentonite. The flatting agent is BYK 358N (RTM: Polyacrylate solution), BYK 300 (RTM: Solution of a polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane), EFKA 3600 (RTM: Polymeric fluorocarbon compound) and/or BYK 333 (RTM: Polyether modified polydimethylsiloxane). The anti-ageing auxiliary agent is Tinuvin 292 (RTM: Liquid hindered-amine light stabilizer), Tinuvin 1130 (RTM: UV absorber) and/or Tinuvin 328 (RTM: UV absorber).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of organic solvent and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) is 1-10:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of cadmium oxide and tellurium powder is 2:1. The molar ratio of cadmium oxide, oleic acid and trioctylphosphine oxide is 1:6:5. The cadmium telluride nanocrystal has diameter of 5 nm. The cadmium sulfide nanocrystal has diameter of 10 nm. The concentration of methanol solution of potassium hydroxide is 0.43 mmol/ml. The concentration of zinc acetate solution is 0.108 mmo1/ml. The concentration of cadmium telluride nanocrystal ink, cadmium sulfide nanocrystal ink and zinc oxide nanocrystal ink is 100 mg/ml, 70 mg/ml and 40 mg/ml, respectively. The thickness of cadmium telluride thin film, cadmium sulfide thin film and zinc oxide thin film is 150 nm, 80 nm and 40 nm, respectively. The thickness of the aluminum electrode is 100-120 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and/or lithium bis(trifluoromethansulfonyl)imide. The usage amount of lithium salt is 3-12 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The nonaqueous organic solvent is three or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, dimethylformamide, cyclohexanone, fluorobenzene, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The usage amount of nonaqueous organic solvent is 5-50 vol.%. The total addition amount of additive is 10-70 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The acrylic ester polymer has a number average molecular weight of 5000-2500000. Preferred Definitions:    R1=methyl, ethyl or methoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide or talc. The average particle size of the filler is less than 1 micron. The coupling agent is chosen from silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent and aluminum-titanium composite coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat stabilizer is chosen from hindered phenol, phosphite ester and organotin compound. The flame retardant is chosen from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, phosphate, sulfonate, sulfonamide and melamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinylidene fluoride resin has weight average molecular weight of 20-100000. The reinforced resin is acrylate or methacrylate resin having weight average molecular weight of 5-200000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Amorphous titanium dioxide is prepared by adding an acid solution to titanium salt solution, and adding a weak base solution. The weak base is aqueous ammonia. The molar ratio of titanium ion and hydrogen ion in the acid solution is (1:8)-(1:2). The molar ratio of hydroxide ion in the weak base is hydrogen ion in acid solution is (2:1)-(4:1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The titanium salt is tetrabutyl titanate, isopropyl titanate, and/or ammonium fluorotitanate. The acid is salicylic acid and/or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The olefin compound is chosen from ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene and/or octene. The acrylic ester is chosen from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-methyl methacrylate and/or 2-methacrylate. The organic silicon coupling agent is silane of formula: Y'(CH2)nSiX3.n=0-3;Y'=vinyl, allyl, amino, epoxy, methacrylic group, thiol or organic functional group;andX=carboxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxyethoxy or acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The norbornene copolymer is obtained by copolymerization of norbornene and olefin compound, or norbornene and acrylate copolymer. The weight ratio of norbornene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride and acrylic acid in surface layer is 1:1-1.5:1. The weight ratio of norbornene copolymer, ethylene and vinyl acetate in bottom layer is 1.5:1-2.2:1. Preferred Process: The norbornene copolymer is processed using organic silicon coupling agent. Preferred Properties: The thickness of base layer, surface layer and bottom layer is 0.1-10 mm, 0.005-0.1 mm and 0.005-0.1 mm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coupling agent is selected from silane or carbonate. The antioxidant is benzoic acid. The organic acid promoter is selected from lactic acid or salicylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pole column sealing material is selected using (in parts mass) acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (10-14), bisphenol A epoxy resin (12-16), trichloromethane (20-25), O-cresol glycidyl ether (8-12), polyformaldehyde (5-8), silicon oxide filling agent, organic acid promoter (1-10), coupling agent (0.5-1), antifoaming agent (0.2-0.4), organic silicon (0.05-0.2), and antioxidant (0.1-0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-nickel metal hydroxide is calcium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid electrolyte comprises lithium salt and solvent. The concentration of lithium salt is 0.5-1.5 mol/L. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, trifluoromethyl sulfonic amido lithium, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid or lithium bis (oxalate)borate. The primary solvent is linear or cyclic carbonate solvent. The secondary solvent comprises organic phosphorus compound. The organic phosphorus compound is chosen from trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tris(2-chloron-yl)phosphate, methyl phosphate, vinyl ethyl phosphate and hexamethyl phosphoramide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gel is unsaturated double-bond acrylic ester monomer. The secondary solution comprises unsaturated monomer, initiator and dissolvent. The unsaturated monomer is acrylic ester monomer containing unsaturated double bond. The thermal initiator is chosen from benzoyl peroxide, azo diisobutyrate styrene-butadiene acrylonitrile, N-methyl aniline. The content of unsaturated monomer is 3-30 wt.%. The content of initiator is 0.5-3 wt.%. The content of secondary solvent is 67-96 weight%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive foil layer is made of copper foil and aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first hot melt glue film layer and the second hot-melt glue film layer are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photo-electric conversion layer is made from amorphous silicon carbide, amorphous silicon-nitride-neodymium-hahnium-hydrogen alloy, silicon-germanium-hahnium-hydrogen alloy, silicon-tin alloy, gallium-arsenic alloy, aluminum-gallium-arsenic alloy, indium-phosphorus alloy, gallium-phosphorus alloy, copper-indium-gallium-selenide alloy, cadmium-tellurium alloy, copper(I) sulfide, zinc-tellurium alloy, lead sulphide and gallium-antimonyalloy materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The photo-electric conversion layer is made from amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base film comprises thermoplastic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflective material is made of silver, gold, aluminum, copper, nickel and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The weatherab1e layer is made of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), po1ycarbonate, polyester, fluoropo1ymer and blend of acrylate and fluoropo1ymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopant material is an inorganic material salt or an organic material salt. The inorganic material salt is fluoride, bromide, chloride, iodide, azide, cyanide, arsenate, hexafluoroarsenate, chlorate, perchlorate, iodate, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfite, sulfate, molybdate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, tetraborate, tetrafluoroborate, thiocyanate, hexafluorophosphate and/or peroxide. The n-type semiconductor: is a metal oxide comprising titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, or mixed metal oxides including more than one type of metal; and is in the form of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanorods and/or nanowires. The ssDSC further comprises a blocking layer interposed between the TCO and the dye sensitized n-type semiconductor. Preferred Components: The organic material salt is one of carboxylates, phosphonates, sulfonates, thiolates, phenolates, alkylacetylides, acetoacetates, acetylacetonates, trifluoromethanesulfonates, amides, dialkylamides, bis(trimethylsilyl)amides, bis(trifluoromethylsilyl)amides, bis(alkylsulfonyl)imides and/or bis(trifluoroalkylsulfonyl)imides, preferably bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. The p-type organic semiconductor: is one of molecular (collection of discrete molecules, chemically identical or different), oligomeric and/or polymeric materials, preferably 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene; has an amorphous structure; and has a neutral charge and/or is positively charged (oxidized state). The n-type semiconductor dye is one of molecular (organic) materials, metal-organic complexes, ruthenium-pyridyl complexes, porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, phthalocyanines, metallophthalocyanines, squaraines, indolenes, coumarins, thiophene and fluorene-based materials, oligomeric, polymeric photosensitizers and/or quantum dots. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A transparent barrier layer is provided through an adhesive agent between the base film and a sealant layer. The transparent barrier layer forms the vapor deposition film of a silicon oxide in a polyethylene-terephthalate layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base film having thickness of 0.2-0.32 and sealant layer having thickness of 1-1.25 with respect to the bus-bar having thickness of 1, is photovoltaic components. The laminated film is bonded with polyester/polycarbonate combined use adhesive agent. Preferred Properties: The thickness of base film is 20-40 mu m. The thickness of sealant layer is 120-150 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene, trichlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichloroethane, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, mesitylene and/or tetrahydronaphthalene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer comprises mixing, in an environment i.e. substantially free of oxygen gas, cyclopenta-1,3-diene compounds of formula (A1) with 2,5-dihydro-cyclopenta(c)pyrrole-1,4-dione compounds of formula (A2), adding a solvent i.e. substantially free of oxygen gas to dissolve the mixture, adding an aryl bromide or heteroaryl bromide to the mixture and allowing (A1) to react with (A2) to form the polymer, and collecting the polymer.M = 2-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, 2,4,4,5,5-pentamethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, 2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, Sn(CH3)3, Sn(butyl)3, or B(OH)2; andX, Y1 = O, S or Se.Preferred Method: The method comprises purifying the polymer. Preferred Components: The polymer further comprises a solvent. The polymer is present at 0.1-5 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lithiated metal oxide is of formula: Li1.33Ti1.67O4 or LiTi2O4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic material comprises one hydrophobic function-containing group chosen from linear hydrocarbon group, aromatic hydrocarbon group, halogenated alkyl group, organosilicon group, alkyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, aryl group or phenyl group. The hydrophobic material is silane compound and/or siloxane-based compound chosen from hexamethyldisilazane, trimethyl chlorosilane, silicone oil, amino silane, alkylsilane, polydimethyl siloxane and dimethyl dichlorosilane. The content of hydrophobic material is 0.3-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. lithiated metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the system: the hydrolyzing facility is part of a bioproduct production facility, where the convertible sugar-containing stream is fermented in the bioproduct production facility to produce the bioproduct; the bioproduct production facility is an ethanol production facility; and the solids loading is 12-35%, preferably 12-20%. The system further comprises: a pretreatment facility for the subjecting step; and a densifying facility for the densifying step, where the pretreatment facility and densifying facility are co-located.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the method: the solids loading is 12-35%, preferably 12-20%; the hydrolysis is an enzymatic hydrolysis; the pretreatment and the densifying steps are performed as an integrated process at a single location; the pretreatment is an ammonia pretreatment or a sodium hydroxide pretreatment, where the ammonia pretreatment is a liquid ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment or a gaseous ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment; and the convertible sugar-containing stream is fermented to produce a bioproduct. The method further comprises adding water and/or steam during the pretreatment. Preferred Components: The biomass fibers comprise corn stover fibers (preferred), switchgrass fibers, wood fibers and/or prairie cord grass fibers. EXAMPLE - 2 kg Of corn stover obtained from a hybrid corn plant was subjected to ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment. The pretreated biomass was then densified by using a briquetting device to produce corn stover briquettes. Then 1.6 g of corn stover briquettes were placed in a 500 ml beaker, and 15 FPU of Spezyme CP (RTM: Alpha-amylase) was added and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain the convertible sugar-containing stream.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - In the cable, the composition (C1) is crosslinked.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) comprises 38-65 wt.% the terpolymer; 10-62 wt.% the metal carbonate filler; and 0.1-20 wt.% the silicone fluid or gum. The composition (C1) further comprises a scorch retarder. The composition (C1) comprises an ethylene/ethyl-acrylate or butyl-acrylate/vinyltrimethoxysilane terpolymer; a silicon fluid or gum; calcium carbonate; and a scorch retarder, and where all the components together amount to at least 97 wt.% of the total polymer composition. Preferred Components: The polar groups are selected from acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylates, methacrylates, and vinyl ester. The terpolymer has a MFR2.16, at 190 degrees C of 0.1-10 g/10 minutes. EXAMPLE - A flame retardant polymer composition (Test) comprising: 61.45 wt.% terpolymer of ethylene/butyl acrylate/ vinyltrimethoxysilane, 1 wt.% silicon gum (MB), 36 wt.% calcium carbonate (CaCO3), 1 wt.% hexadecyl trimethoxy silane (HDTMS), 0.3 wt.% Irganox 1010 (RTM: sterically hindered phenolic antioxidant), and 0.25 wt.% Irganox 1024 (RTM: metal deactivator and primary (phenolic) antioxidant) was prepared. A flame retardant polymer composition (comparative) comprising: 30.85 wt.% polyethylene vinyltrimethoxysilane (PE-VTMS) copolymer, 30.6 wt.% a copolymer of ethylene/butyl acrylate, 1 wt.% silicon gum (MB), 36 wt.% CaCO3, 1 wt.% HDTMS, 0.3 wt.% Irganox 1010, and 0.25 wt.% Irganox 1024 was prepared. The obtained compositions (test/comparative) showed crushing resistance of 5546/4223, and variable angle of 35/45 at 0-45 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During annealing of the precursor layers, gaseous sodium and/or gaseous sodium-containing compound is produced by thermal evaporation of source material(s) and is supplied as reaction gas. The compound semiconductor is produced in such manner that mass fraction of sodium in compound semiconductor relative to mass fraction of metal copper, zinc and tin contained in compound semiconductor is 0.01-0.5%, and relative change of sulfur content along sulfur amount to 10% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A material of the common growth substrate comprises gallium arsenide or germanium. A material of the stripping layer comprises aluminum arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. A material of the solar cell permanent substrate comprises germanium, copper, aluminum, molybdenum, tungsten copper, silicon aluminum, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, silicon carbide, silicon, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride or diamondlike carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base layer is formed by modified mixing PET and has a thickness of 50-350 microns. The moist heat aging resistant layer is formed by modification and filling of polyolefin material, and has a thickness of 10-250 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cell active material containing lithium ions contains silicon, tin, aluminum, antimony and/or indium. The precursor of the cell active material containing lithium ions is silane derivative, and contains element chosen from monosilane, phenylsilane, diphenylsilane, disilane, hexamethyldisilane, polysilane and hydrogen silsesquioxane. The carbon material is expanded graphite or flaky graphite. Preferred Properties: The composite active material has tap density of 0.8 g/cm3 or more, and specific surface area of 5-100 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanowire has an average diameter of 0.01-1 mu m, length of 1-100 mu m. The conductive metal particle includes silver, gold, platinum, copper, aluminum, nickel, iron, cobalt, palladium, tin and their alloy materials. The glass frit comprises lead oxide, bismuth oxide and their mixtures. The metal nanowire includes silver, gold, platinum, rhodium and lead. The metal nanowire is present in an amount of 0.1-10 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of conductive metal particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic compound comprises an ethylcellulose or butyl carbitol acetate. The conductive metal particle has an average particle diameter of 0.1-5 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The lithium secondary battery has charging/discharging rate of 90% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode comprises lithiated metal oxide (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 or LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4). Cathode contains lithiated metal oxide (Li1.33Ti1.67O4 or LiTi2O4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The linear solvent is linear carbonate or linear ester. The chain carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and/or ethyl methyl carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate and/or vinylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode comprises lithium-manganese composite oxide (LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz, where x is 0.9-1.2, y is more than 0-less than 2, z is 0-0.2, M is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten, and bismuth, and A is -1 or -2), preferably lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide (LixNiyMn2-yO4, preferably LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 or LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4). The cathode comprises lithium metal oxide (LiaM'bO4-cAc, preferably Li1.33Ti1.67O4, where M' is titanium, tin, copper, lead, antimony, zinc, iron, indium, aluminum and zirconium, a is 0.1-4, b is 0.2-4 and c is 0-0.2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The linear solvent is linear carbonate or linear ester. The linear carbonate comprises dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate vinylene carbonate and/or ethyl methyl carbonate, preferably ethylene carbonate. The content of anion receptor is 0.1-5 wt.%. The anion receptor is silyl borate-type compound which is trialkylsilyl borate or tris(trialkylsilyl)borate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The lithium secondary battery contains cathode active material containing spinel structure containing lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide (LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz, where x is 0.9-1.2, y is more than 0 to less than 2, z is 0 to 0.2 or less, M is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, titanium, copper, boron, calcium, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, strontium, antimony, tungsten and bismuth and A is anion of -1 or -2), anode active material containing lithiated metal oxide (LiaM'bO4-cA'c, where M' is titanium, tin, copper, lead, antimony, zinc, iron, indium, aluminum and zirconium, a is 0.1-4, b is 0.2-4, c is 0-0.2 and A' is anion of -1 or -2) and oxide containing lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4) and lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and fluorine ethylene carbonate, preferably fluorine ethylene carbonate. The linear solvent is chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and methyl propionate, preferably dimethyl carbonate and methyl propionate. The amount of cyclic carbonate and linear solvent is 5-50 wt.% and 50-95 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of fine particles is 50% or more. The carrier is electroconductive material containing carbon black. The mole concentration of cobalt with respect to hydrazine or its derivatives is 0.05-0.5 time. Preferred Properties: The core-shell structured catalyst fine particles have average particle diameter of 1-15 nm measured by electron-microscope. The catalyst component containing 70% or more catalyst fine particles has particle size of 2-10 nm. The thickness of shell portion of catalyst fine particles is 0.2-1 nm. The activity ratio of oxygen reduction in electrochemical active surface area to shell portion containing platinum area in per unit is 900 mA/cm2 or more. The mass activity of platinum in 0.9 V is 300 A/g or more. Preferred Process: The cobalt particles are generated at 20-80 degrees C. The manufacture of catalyst component further involves processing at 20-80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead-bearing glass powder comprises lead(II) oxide, boron trioxide, zinc oxide and aluminum oxide in a weight ratio of 53-68:2-9:4-10:2-5:15-25. The organic carrier comprises ethyl cellulose resin, acrylic resin and diluent in a weight ratio of 3-5:5-9:86-92. Preferred Components: The inorganic additive is sodium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide or strontium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluent is butyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol, pine oil alcohol or dodecyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-composite metal oxide is bismuth-zirconium composite oxide nano-particle. The inorganic glass powder comprises silicon dioxide, bismuth oxide, barium oxide, oxidation front, boron oxide and lithium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises organic resin, organic solvent and surface active agent. The organic resin is selected from ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose and alkyd resin. The organic solvent is selected from terpineol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, n-butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethylene glycol phenyl ether. The surface active agent is lecithin, span and lanolin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrogen storage alloy powder is AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy, AB2 type hydrogen storage alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further includes injecting transition metal oxides precursor into the diblock copolymer nanoparticles using a metal oxide catalyst. The metal oxide precursor includes metal halides, metal alkoxides, metal organic carboxylic acids and metal ester compounds. The metal oxide catalyst is nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, ammonia solution, sodium hydroxide solution, and potassium hydroxide solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is acetone, dimethylformamide, ethanol, methanol, propanol and/or isopropanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile or their copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of melamine-formaldehyde resin coated phase change paraffin and phase change energy storage capsules is 9:1-4:6. The volume ratio of water and ethylene glycol is 7:3-1:9. The addition amount of liquid phase change energy storage capsules is 5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hyperbranched polyamic acid is obtained by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate with silane coupling agent at 40-60 degrees C for 4 hours. Preferred Components: The hyperbranched polyamic acid is trifluorinated amino compounds. The trifluorinated amino compounds are 4-(3,5-bis(4-amino-2-methylphenoxy)phenoxy)-3-methylaniline, 4-(3,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)phenoxy)aniline or of formula (VII). The silane coupling agents are vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, gamma -amino-triethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -(methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, gamma -mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane, or N- beta -(amino)- gamma -aminopropyl trimethoxysilane.Rn=1-5C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nano copper powder has average particle diameter of 20-100 nm and is 0.50-9.0 pts. wt. of copper nanofluid. The phosphate is mixture of sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphite, and sodium hypophosphite at weight ratio of 1:1.5:(1-2):(0.2-1). It provides nanofluid with stable pH at 10.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The copper nanofluid solar cooling liquid comprises 45-70 pts. wt. deionized water, 25-55 pts. wt. ethylene glycol and propylene glycol mixed solution, 0.50-9.0 pts. wt. nano copper powder, 0.40-0.90 pts. wt. vinylpyridine, 0.005-0.02 pts. wt. azobisisobutyronitrile, 0.30-1.4 pts. wt. amide-based dispersant, 1.0-1.5 pts. wt. phosphate, and 0.10-0.50 pts. wt. benzotriazole. The volume ratio of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol is(0.60-1.0):(1-3). The amide-based dispersant comprises mixture of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone at weight ratio of (10-1):1. The benzotriazole is 0.10-0.50 pts. wt. of copper nanofluid solar cooling liquid. Preferred Method: The high speed dispersing step is performed at more than 16 kilo revolutions per minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal lid is chosen from aluminum, copper, nickel and nickel-plated metal. The insulating coating layer contains organophosphate, coupling agent, organic zirconium salt, organic titanium salt and organic chromium salt. The coupling agent is chosen from silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent and zirconate coupling agent. The content of the coupling agent in the insulating coating layer is 0.001-0.5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealant film layer contains polypropylene, polypropylene chloride, polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and propylene-acrylic acid copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pattern having diameter of less than 500 nm is formed by anodizing aluminum material using oxalic acid, phosphoric acid or chromium acid. The upper electrode and lower electrode contain iron, silver, gold, copper, chromium, tungsten, aluminum, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, indium, manganese, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tin, lead, vanadium, ruthenium, iridium, zirconium, rhodium, magnesium, indium-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide and/or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The upper substrate contains glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, polyacrylate, poly(urethane acrylate), polydimethylsiloxane, poly(methyl methacrylate)and/or stainless steel. The polymer semiconductor photoactive layer contains methyl-(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyrate, 4-isothiocyanatobenzoic acid, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole), poly(cyclopentadithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)), poly((4,8-bis-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-)-2-6-diyl)) and/or poly(9,9-bis(6'-(diethanolamino)hexyl)fluorene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor oxide particles comprise primary semiconductor oxide particles with average particle diameter of 7-12 nm, secondary semiconductor oxide particles with average particle diameter of 13-20 nm and tertiary semiconductor oxide particles with average particle diameter of 40-60 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer resin particles are thermosetting polymer resin particles with average particle diameter of 10-100 nm and/or thermoplastic polymer resin particles with average particle diameter of 100-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon oxide is amorphous silica. The amount of sodium in the diffusion barrier layer with respect to total weight of thin film-type solar cell is 3-7 wt.%. The sodium raw material used during manufacture of thin film solar cell is chosen from sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium borohydride and sodium diglycolate. Preferred Property: The diffusion barrier layer has thickness of 100 nm or 3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene amphiphilic block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The chemical vapor deposition is carried out using ethylene as carbon source and hydrogen as carrier gas. Titanium wire is immersed in diisothiocyanatoruthenium bis(tetrabutylazanium) bis(2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylate) in ethanol and t-butanol solution in molar ratio of 1:1. Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises 0.25 plus minus 0.05 %mass ammonium fluoride, 5 plus minus 0.5 vol.% aqueous ethylene glycol solution. Titanium and molybdenum are used as cathode and anode, respectively. The gel electrolyte comprises 100 plus minus 2 ml aqueous solution of 10 plus minus 0.2 g polyvinyl alcohol and 10 plus minus 0.2 g phosphoric acid. The electrolyte comprises 0.1 plus minus 0.02 mol/l lithium iodide, 0.6 plus minus 0.05 mol/l 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide and 0.5 plus minus 0.05 mol/l t-butyl pyridine in anhydrous acetonitrile solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The quartz or silicon is pre-treated by adding quartz or silicon in methanol and 36.5-38 wt.% hydrochloric acid, soaking for 10-30 minutes, immersing resultant product in concentrated sulfuric acid for 10-30 minutes, and immersing further in mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide in the volume ratio of 7:3, boiling for 20-40 minutes, and washing obtained product using deionized water. The volume ratio of methanol and hydrochloric acid is 1:1. The indium-tin oxide conductive glass in pretreated by adding indium-tin oxide conductive glass in acetone, and 5-10 wt.% potassium hydroxide in mixture of ethanol and water, soaking for 10-20 minutes, adding into methanol, and washing obtained product using the de-ionized water. The volume ratio of ethanol and water in the mixture is 1:1. The polyaniline and hydrotalcite multilayer composite film is vulcanized under hydrogen sulfide atmosphere for 0.5-2 hours, or by immersing in 0.1-0.3 M aqueous solution of thioacetamide for 0.5-2 hours. The selenylation of polyaniline and hydrotalcite multilayer composite film is carried out by immersing composite film in 0.1-0.3 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroselenide under protection of nitrogen for 0.5-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fluorine-containing resin comprises oxides including inorganic filler, titanium, aluminum, tin, or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is toluene, butanone, ethyl acetate, and/or butyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluorine-containing resin is a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene. The crosslinking agent is isocyanate, or amino resin. The crosslinking agent is hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer, isophorone diisocyanate trimer, toluene diisocyanate trimer, and/or amino resin. The fluorine-containing polymer layer has a thickness of 10-50 micro m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of copper source, zinc source, tin source and sulfur source is 2:1:1:2-10. The concentration of the metal salt precursor solution is 0.001-0.1 mol/L. The sulfur source is sulfur powder, thiacetamide, thiourea or alkylthiol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal source is metal acetylacetonate or dithiocarbamate salt. The solvent is diethylene triamine or triethylene tetramine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises metal foil, glass or polyimide film. The metal foil is formed using stainless steel foil, molybdenum foil or titanium foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A transparent substrate contained in polymer solar battery contains glass. A cathode contained in polymer solar battery contains metal aluminum or calcium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A solution used in preparation of composite transparent electrode is methanol solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: An optical active layer contained in polymer solar battery contains mixture of poly (3-hexylthiophene) and 6,6 phenyl-61C-butyrate, and has a thickness of 100-250 nm. The acrylonitrile styrene acrylate layer contains glycerin monostearate or oleic acid amide. The poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) layer has a thickness of 50-150 nm, more preferably 5-20 nm. Preferred Property: The thickness of acrylonitrile styrene acrylate layer is 10-15 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium source is lithium acetate, lithium nitrate or lithium carbonate. The nickel, cobalt and manganese source is acetates, nitrates or carbonates of nickel, cobalt and manganese.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium source is lithium dihydrogen phosphate and lithium carbonate. The manganese source is metal manganese powder, manganese monoxide, manganese dioxide, trimanganese tetroxide, and manganese phosphate. The protective atmosphere is argon gas, nitrogen, argon-hydrogen mixed gas,nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high boiling point polyol is diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol 200, and polyethylene glycol 400. The solvent medium is de-ionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol, de-ionized water, high boiling point alcohol solvent mixed medium, absolute ethyl alcohol and highboiling-point alcohol solvent mixed medium. The organic carbon source is glucose, sucrose, citric acid, starch, ascorbic acid, fructose and lactose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modified natural graphite is nitrous oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The battery casing is made of aluminum alloy, nickel-iron or aluminum-plastic film. The supporting component is made of foam metal, foam molybdenum or nickel foam. The anode sheet is made of lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate, lithium-iron phosphate or lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid electrolyte is lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate or tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The lithium ion battery membrane is polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyvinylidene fluoride film or cellulose composite film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is nano-grade titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant, anti-aging agent, light stabilizer, light or a combination of absorbent, coupling agent (preferably antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 or antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), light stabilizer 770 or light stabilizer 622LD, light absorbent UV-P or light absorbent UV-O silane coupling agent KH570 or silane coupling agent KH560).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer stuffing polyacrylate polymer is polymethyl methacrylate. The polyester substrate is polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate, and the thickness is 50-250 mu m. The fluorine-containing material layer has a thickness of 5-30 mu m. The adhesive is epoxy glue, acrylic glue or polyurethane glue. The adhesive bonding layer has a thickness of 2-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The foaming agent is a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and cyclopentane in a weight ratio of 40-60:60-40. The silicone oil is L-6863.
Preferred Definitions:    M = (benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4,7-diyl-bis(thiophene))-5,5'-diyl, benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4,7-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, (benzo(c)(1,2,5)selenadiazol-4,7-diyl-bis(thiophene))-5,5'-diyl, benzo(c)(1,2,5)selenadiazol-4,7-diyl, (benzo(c)(1,2,5)selenadiazol-4,7-diyl-bis(selenophene))-5,5'-diyl, thieno(2,3-f)(1)benzothiophen-2,6-diyl, thieno(2,3-f)(1)benzoselenophen-2,6-diyl, thieno(3,2-b)thiophen-2,5-diyl, thiophen-2,5-diyl, (2,2'-bithiophene)-5,5'-diyl, (2,2':5',2''-terthiophene)-5,5''-diyl, selenophen-2,5-diyl, (2,2'-biselenophene)-5,5'-diyl or (2,2':5',2''-terselenophene)-5,5''-diyl; and    R = n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-cetyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-hexyldecyl or 2-octyldodecyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the purification-pre-processing step comprises the washing styrene monomer for 3-6 times by using 1-5 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution, then washing twice with water, washing until the filtrate is neutral, drying with calcium chloride for 12-24 hours, taking out styrene, and vacuum distilling to obtain distillate of purified styrene monomer. The step (ii) comprises dispersing o-phenylenediamine and purified styrene in water, stirring for 5-20 minutes, stirring at low temperature for 20-50 minutes by placing in water bath, adding initiator, and stirring for 0.5-3 minutes. In the step (ii), the low temperature of the water bath is 0-10 degrees C, the polymerization reaction is carried out for 12-24 hours, the room temperature of polymerization reaction is 0-10 degrees C, and drying temperature is 40-75 degrees C. The step (ii) comprises filtering by using 5-10% aqueous ammonia and washing several times with double distilled water. In the step (iii), the high temperature pyrolysis of copolymer is 350-900?OC, and time is 2-6 hours. Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the weight ratio of styrene and o-phenylenediamine monomer is 1:2-1:10, and the weight ratio of initiator and the total amount of monomer is 1:0.2-1:1. Preferred Components: The initiator used in polymerization reaction, is ammonium persulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Mercaptopropionic acid solution is a mixed solution of mercaptopropionic acid and methanol in a volume ratio of 1:9. The oil-phase quantum dot solution is the surface-modified oleic acid, amine and inorganic semiconductor quantum dot. The octadecyltrichlorosilane solution is a mixed solution of octadecyltrichlorosilane and hexane in a volume ratio of 10 mu l:7.6 ml. Preferred Process: The hydrothermal method involves adding 0.02M zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.02M hexamethylene tetramine and 1.5mM polyethyleneimine to precursor solution, pouring the solution into polytetrafluoroethylene container, and placing the resulting mixture in autoclave at 95 degrees C, and obtaining zinc oxide nanowire array. The inorganic semiconductor quantum dot is obtained by dissolving tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide molecule in chloroform, toluene or carbon tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium source is chosen from lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, and lithium silicate. The silicon source is silicon dioxide and/or ethyl orthosilicate. The iron source is ferrous oxalate and/or ferrous acetate. The manganese source is manganese hydroxide or manganese acetate. The cobalt source is chosen from cobalt oxide, cobalt hydroxide and cobalt carbonate. The nickel source is chosen from nickel oxide, nickel hydroxide and nickel nitrate. The ball milling is performed using mixture of acetone and deionized water or mixture of deionized water, absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone, as ball milling medium. The inert atmosphere contains nitrogen or argon. The carbon source is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, acetylene black, carbon fiber, graphite, polyethylene glycol, soluble starch, coal tar pitch, carbon black, dextrin, coke, cellulose, glucose, crystalline sugar, polycrystalline sugar, sucrose, fructose and carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium source is lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium acetate, lithium carbonate, lithium or lithium phosphate, the vanadium source is vanadium pentoxide, vanadium trioxide, vanadic acid, vanadyl sulfate or vanadium acid, and the phosphoric acid source is ammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid or sodium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxalic acid aqueous solution is tartaric acid, citric acid, polyacrylic acid or succinic acid water solution. The conductive carbon material is carbon black conductive carbon material, carbon nano-tube carbon material, graphite conductive carbon material, artificial graphite, synthetic graphite or intermediate phase carbon microsphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol comprises methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) adhesive film comprises: 100 pts. wt. EVA, 0.1-3 pts. wt. organic peroxide crosslinking agent, 0.1-3 pts. wt. crosslinking accelerators, 0.05-2 pts. wt. anti-aging agent and 1-30 pts. wt., preferably 5-20 pts. wt. adhesion promoting polymer. The adhesion promoting polymer has 20000-60000 g/mole average molecular weight. Preferred Component: The adhesion promoting polymer is olefin polar monomer copolymer, olefin homopolymer or olefin copolymer, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-isobutyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-n-butyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-l-pentene copolymer, ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, ethylene-1-octene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-pentene-hexene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-1,6-hexadiene copolymer, ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, isoprene homopolymer, or 4-methyl-1-pentene homopolymer. The anti-aging agent is ultraviolet light absorber, light stabilizer, antioxidant and acid absorbent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorescent ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) film comprises:93.80-99.53 wt.% EVA with 30 wt.% vinyl acetate, 0.02-0.2 wt.% fluorescent monomer, 0.1-2 wt.% peroxide crosslinking agent, 0.1-2 wt.% auxiliary crosslinking agent, 0.05-0.4 wt.% hindered amine light stabilizer, 0.05-0.4 wt.% auxiliary antioxidant, 0.05-0.4 wt.% adhesive, 0.05-0.4 wt.% plasticizer and 0.05-0.4 wt.% antacid. Preferred Component: The fluorescent monomer is europium (Eu), yttrium (Y), samarium (Sm), cerium (Ce), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), gadolinium (Gd), lanthanum (La) and scandium (Sc) acrylate and/or methacrylate, preferably yttrium acrylate and yttrium methacrylate at 1:1 mass ratio. The peroxide crosslinking agent is tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate. The auxiliary crosslinking agent is triallyl isocyanurate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate at 1:1 mass ratio. The hindered amine light stabilizer is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate. The auxiliary antioxidant is tris(4-nonylphenol)phosphite and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite at 1:1 mass ratio. The adhesive is gamma -methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane. The plasticizer is trioctyl phosphate. The antacid is calcium stearate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oligomeric silsesquioxane is of formula (R'SiO1.5)m1(X'SiO1.5)n1.R'=H, optionally substituted 1-10C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 2-6C alkenyl, 3-6C cycloalkenyl, aryl, silyl, acrylate and/or methacrylate where the substituent is 1-10C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 2-6C alkenyl, 3-6C cycloalkenyl, aryl and/or epoxy;X'=OH, halo, silane, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and/or carboxy;m1= greater than or equal to 3;n1= greater than or equal to 0; orm1+n1=6-12 where it is even number.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sulfonated polyaryletherketone is sulfonated polyetherketone, sulfonated polyether ether ketone, sulfonated polyether ketone ketone and/or sulfonated polyether ether ketone ketone having degree of sulfonation of 40-90%. The sulfonated polyimide is of formula (I).R1=groups of formulae (i)-(ii);R2=one or more of 8 groups, i.e. formulae (iii)-(x);R3=one or more of 9 groups, i.e. formulae (xi)-(xix);m=greater than 0 but less than 1; andn=10-50. Preferred Definitions:    R'=H, optionally substituted 1-10C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, aryl or silyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of acetic acid, titanium dioxide powder, deionized water and nitric acid is 1:3-7:24:1.5-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mol ratio of the catalyst to the derivative (1) is 1:80-120. The derivative (2) is 9,9-dialkyl-fluorene-2-boronic acid pinacol ester. The Suzuki reaction is carried out after adding bromobenzene, boric acid and organic solvent, and refluxing and reacting for 24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Suzuki reaction of benzotriazole derivative of formula (1) and fluorene derivative of formula (2) is carried out in the presence of organic palladium catalyst and alkaline solution, at 80-110 degrees C for 36-60 hours to obtain the copolymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The type B molecule is methyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N-acryloyl morpholine, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid hexyl ester, 2-cyclohexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1,6-diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate and/or dipropylene glycol diacrylate. The type C molecule is ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol propoxylate acrylate, di-tri-hydroxy propane ester, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethyl acrylic ester, glyceryl acrylate, tris-2-isocyanuric acid triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate and/or pentaerythritol diacrylate. The liquid electrolyte comprises solvent, additive and lithium salt. The initiator is organic peroxide initiator, inorganic peroxide initiator, azo initiator and/or redox initiator. The initiator comprises isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, hydroperoxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl perbenzo peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate and/or peroxydicarbonate dicyclohexyl carbonate. Preferred Composition: The content of the initiator is 0.001-5 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The type A molecule comprises poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silica gel solution comprises 3-6 wt.%, preferably 4 wt.% sodium metasilicate, 2-4 wt.%, preferably 3 wt.% gas-phase silicon dioxide, 0.0005-0.001 wt.%, preferably 0.0008 wt.% cobalt sulfate, 3-4 wt.%, preferably 3.5 wt.% sulfuric acid, 0.05-0.2 wt.%, preferably 0.01 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose and remainder deionized water. The silica gel electrolyte preferably comprises 35 wt.% sulfuric acid, 5 wt.% silica gel solution, 1.2 wt.% anhydrous sodium sulfate, 0.15 wt.% polyethylene emulsion, 0.1 wt.% stannous monosulfate, 0.1 wt.% aluminum hydroxide and remainder deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver powder has an average particle diameter of 2-10. The inorganic adhesive is glass frit. The paste composition further comprises: an organic solvent added 20% less than a weight of the deionized distilled water; and an additive that comprises thickening agent, dispersing agent, stabilizer, wetting agent, leveling agent and fluidifier. The water-dispersible cellulose based resin comprises silver powder (65-85 wt.%), inorganic adhesive (10-30 wt.%) and hydrophilic group (0.1-8 wt.%). A dispersion medium included in the water-dispersible cellulose based resin is deionized distilled water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cellulose based resin having hydrophilic group is hydroxy methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxy propyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic solar cell is made of polyethylenedioxythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic acid is oxalic acid (0.18 mol/L) or citric acid (0.35 mol/L). Preferred Process: The washing process is carried out using anhydrous ethanol and deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The colloidal electrolyte comprises oxidation-reduction pair, which includes ions of iodine, bromine, selenium cyanide, selenium dicyanide, thiocyanate. The colloidal electrolyte comprises additive with filler e.g. titanium dioxide, Zinc oxide, Tin dioxide, Cadmium sulfide, Zinc sulfide, silicon dioxide, gallium phosphide, Cadmium Telluride, molybdenum selenide, Tungsten selenide, Niobium pentoxide, tungsten trioxide, Strontium titanate, cadmium selenide, Indium oxide and potassium tantalum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive material is gold , platinum, platinum gold alloy, silver and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive material is conductive polymer e.g. polyether, polyacrylonitrile, poly acryl, poly pyridine, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polysilane, polythiophene, poly (3, 4-bi-group double ether, 3-isobutyl-4-oxo-tricosanoic acid benzyl ester), polyalkene bipyridine, sulfolane, amide dendritic high molecule, fluorene, poly (N-bi-vinylcarbazole), poly (3, 4 bi-two alkene oxygen), polyepoxy alkyl, fluorine, or polyether polyurethane such as poly bitoluene ether and ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The drying step is carried out at a temperature of 60-70 degrees C. The expanding process is carried out in muffle furnace at a temperature of 900 degrees C for 40 seconds. The drying step comprises inlet temperature of 200-300 degrees C, and outlet temperature of 40-90 degrees C. Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the natural flake graphite to concentrated sulfuric acid to potassium permanganate is 1:4-8:0.1-1. The concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is more than 98%. The average particle diameter of natural flake graphite is less than or equal to 50 mm. The carbon content in the graphite is greater than or equal to 95. The average particle diameter of the natural flake graphite is less than or equal to 10 microns. The volume of the expanded graphite is 30-300 ml/g. The mass ratio of the expanded graphite to dispersing agent to deionized water to grinding ball is 1:0.1-1:1-5:1-5. The dispersing agent is polyvinyl alcohol, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodium, irium, alcohol and hydroxymethyl cellulose. The grinding ball is zirconia ball with a diameter of 2-40 mm and revolution speed of 30-300 rpm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode electrode is made of material consisting of lithium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, aluminum or indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal cathode is made of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, copper, silver, gold, magnesium/silver alloy or lithium/aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyacrylamide is polyacrylamide CV4 alkyl amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The multilayer co-extrusion of solar cell back plate uses polyester which is polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyethylene butylene ester polyester or polyethylene naphthalate. The fluorine-containing resin type polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene and ethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylenevinylidene fluoride copolymer and/or hexafluoropropylene. The polyurethane polymer is polyester polyurethane, polyether polyurethane, aromatic isocyanate polyurethane and/or aliphatic isocyanate polyurethane. The fluorine-containing resin layers (1,4) each independently comprises (in parts) fluorine-containing resin (100), antioxidant (0.01-0.1), ultraviolet absorber (0.01-0.2), crosslinking agent (1-10), light stabilizer (0.1-0.5), antistatic agent (1-5) and nano titania (5-20). The connecting layers (2,4) each independently comprises polyurethane (100), antioxidant (0.01-0.1), ultraviolet absorbent (0.01-2), crosslinking agent (1-10) and light stabilizer (0.1-0.5). The water gas barrier layer comprises polyester (100), antioxidant (0.01-0.1), ultraviolet absorber (0.01-0.2), crosslinking agent (1-10), light stabilizer (0.1-0.5) and glass fiber (10-50).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weather-resistant layer is injection-molded using polyethylene terephthalate and has a thickness of 0.025-0.125 mm. The electric insulating layer is formed of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, polyethylene naphthalate, and/or polycarbonate, and has a thickness of 0.1-0.25 mm. Adhesive layer (I) is polyethylene film or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film, and has a thickness of 0.05-0.12 mm. Adhesive layer (II) is two-component polyurethane adhesive layer, acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, polyvinyl acetate adhesive layer, or epoxy resin adhesive layer, and has a thickness of 0.001-0.02 mm. The composite formation temperature is 50-100 degrees C and formation speed is 15-80 m/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of transparent plastic, transparent glass, quartz or sapphire. The first oxide layer or the second oxide layer are made of zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, silicon oxide, tungsten oxide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc selenide, titanium dioxide, nickel oxide, calcium oxide, molybdenum trioxide or tungsten trioxide. The metal layer is made of silver, gold, nickel, copper, molybdenum or aluminum. The control layer is made of aluminum, aluminum oxide or lithium fluoride, and is two layers structure of the transparent conductive thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The benzofuran is a mixture of 5,7-di/tert-butyl-3-(3,4-dimethyl phenyl)3H-benzofuran-2-one and 5,7-di/tert-butyl-3-(2,3-dimethyl phenyl)-3H-benzofuran-2-one in mass ratio of 85-95:5-15. The hydroxylamine is N,N-di(octadecyl)alkyl hydroxylamine. The tertiary amine is N,N-dihydrogenated alkyl-N-methyl amine. The biphenol acrylate is 2-tert-butyl-6-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzyl)-4-methyl phenyl acrylate and/or 2,4-di-tert-amyl-6-(1-(3,5-ditert-amyl-2-hydroxy)phenyl)ethyl phenyl acrylate. The organic peroxide is m-tert-butyl-m-(2-ethyl hexyl)-monoperoxide carbonate and/or m-tert-butyl-m-isopropyl-mono-peroxide carbonate. The ultraviolet-absorbing agent is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyl oxyl-diphenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyl benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-12-alkoxy-diphenyl ketone, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenol, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy diphenyl ketone or 2-hydroxy-4-acryloxy ethoxybenzophenone. The light stabilizer is N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexamethylenediamine and/or 2,4-dichloro-6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl)amido-1,3,5-triazine polymer. The antioxidant is tri(2,4-di-tert-butyl phenyl) phosphite, tri(nonyl phenyl)phosphite, tetra(2,4-ditert-butyl phenyl-4,4'-biphenyl)diphosphite, pentaerythritol distearyldiphosphite, pentaerythritol di(2,4-ditert-butyl phenyl)diphosphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell packaging glue film comprises (in parts weight) ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (100) having vinyl acetate content of 25-35%, organic peroxide (0.5-2), ultraviolet ray-absorbent (0.1-0.6), light stabilizer (0.1-0.3), antioxidant (0.1-0.3), and carbon free radical absorbent (0.1-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is tin indium oxide, zinc aluminum oxide or gallium zinc oxide. The cathode is conductive metal layer. The conductive metal is chosen from lithium, magnesium, aluminum, copper, gold and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The transparent substrate is glass or polyethylene plastic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-conductive suppressant liquid is selected from dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one (CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2); 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (CF3-CHF-CF3); a mixture of 50% argon (Ar) and 50% nitrogen (N2); fluoroform (CHF3); bromochlorodifluoromethane (CF2ClBr); bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF3); a mixture of 52% nitrogen, 40% argon and 8% carbon dioxide; and a gaseous solution of 60-80% tetrafluoroethane, 10-30% pentafoluoroethane and 10-30% carbon dioxide (CO2) (preferably dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one (CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2)).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fire suppressant protective layer is aramid or para-aramid fiber product having an adhesive material on the surface that contacts the fire suppression bladder. The aramid or para-aramid fiber product is poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide. The fire suppressant bladder is a polymeric or rubber material (preferably polyethylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material for fabrication of slatted array is selected from a group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate delacryl, polymethyl methacrylate delacryl sheet, polycarbonate sheet, polycarbonate film, polyester film, fluorinated ethylene propylene Teflon (RTM: PTFE) film and FETP Film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises: adding compatilizer into polyphenylether grafted maleic anhydride having grafting rate of 0.8-1.5 wt.% to enhance the interface compatibility of polyphenylene oxide and nylon 66, and uniformly mixing synthetic plastic component with the binder; and adding toughening agent into styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene grafted maleic anhydride having grafting rate of 0.8-1.5 wt.% to improve the toughness and comprehensive performance of the doping agent of synthetic plastics. Preferred Components: The filler of alumina is present in an amount of 13-40 wt.%. The auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant, lubricant and heat stabilizer. The weight ratio of antioxidant, lubricant and heat stabilizer is 1:1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The polymer seal material further contains additive chosen from inorganic filler, antioxidant, ultraviolet stabilizer, anti-hydrolysis agent, flame retardant, plasticizer, pigment, silane coupling agent and filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer seal material comprises polyolefin, olefin copolymer, styrene-based elastomer, polyurethane, polysiloxane, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber and epoxy resin. The polyolefin is high-density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, metallocene linear low density polyethylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene, silane-grafted polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid polymer, maleic anhydride graft polyethylene, polypropylene or maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. The olefin copolymer comprises ethylene copolymer, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid 1-4C alkylester, 1-4C alkylester methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid ethylene oxide ester, methyl acrylic acid ethylene oxide ester, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butylene copolymer and ethylene-octylene copolymer. The styrene-based elastomer includes styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymer and maleic anhydride graft styrene-based elastomer polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The elastomer resin is styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) copolymer or styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEPS) copolymer. The polyolefin resin is ethylene copolymer resin. The white oil is 32 or 46 type white oil. The compatilizer is ethylene-octylene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride copolymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride copolymer, SEBS copolymer or maleic anhydride copolymer having graft rate of 1.2-1.5% and melting index of (190x 2.16 kg) is 1-10 g/10 minutes. The antioxidant is antioxidant 1010 comprising octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and antioxidant 168 comprising tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite. The filling agent is superfine calcium carbonate and/or superfine talcum powder. The processing auxiliary agent is stearic acid, magnesium stearate, silicone master batch, organic silicon oil and/or paraffin. Preferred Method: In step (1), the mixing process is carried out for 5 minutes and standing time is 40-60 minutes. In step (2), the mixing process is carried out at speed of 400-500 revolutions per minute for 3-5 minutes. In step (3), the process is carried out at 70-80 degrees C for 1-2 hours, temperature of : extruder feeding section is 170 degrees C, extruder melting section is 180 degrees C, extruder melt conveying section is 180-190 degrees C, extruder mixing section is 200 degrees C, extruder homogenizing section is 190 degrees C and extruder machine head section is 190 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, biphenol diether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, hydroquinone diphthalic anhydride, diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclooctene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenyl sulfide tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic dianhydride, dimethyl diphenyl silane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bisphenol A dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, preferably biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diphenyl sulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride or hydroquinone diphthalic anhydride. In the step (i), the solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ultrafine fiber diameter is 50-1500 nm. The ultrafine fiber is imide containing polymer of formula (II).R = aryl, preferably 1,1'-biphenyl-3,4,3',4'-tetrayl, (4,4'-bisphenoxybiphenyl)-3'',4'',3''',4'''-tetrayl, (1,4-bisphenoxybenzene)-3',4',3'',4''-tetrayl, bis(phenyl)sulfone-3,4,3',4'-tetrayl, hexafluoropropan-2,2-di-yl-dibenzen-3,3',4,4'-tetrayl, bis(phenyl)methanone-3,3',4,4'-tetrayl, bicyclo(2.2.2)oct-7-en-2,3,5,6-tetrayl, bis(phenyl)thioether-3,4,3',4'-tetrayl, bis(phenyl)ether-3,4,3',4'-tetrayl, dimethylsilane-1,1-diyl-dibenzene-3,3',4,4'-tetrayl, bis(phenyl)isopropane-4,4'-bis(phenoxy)-3'',4'',3''',4'''-tetrayl or benzen-2,3,5,6-tetra-yl; andn = 100-1000.Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the stainless steel net is 1 m wide, and its travelling speed is 0.5-10 m/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is chosen from flame retardant and foaming agent. The flame retardant is chosen from halogen-based flame retardant, phosphate-based flame retardant, nitrogen-based flame retardant and inorganic compound flame retardant. The inorganic compound flame retardant is chosen from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, antimony oxide, tin hydroxide, tin oxide, molybdenum oxide, zirconium compound, borate and calcium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The halogen-based flame retardant is chosen from tribromophenoxyethane, tetrabromo bisphenol A, octabromo diphenyl ether, epoxy bromide, polycarbonate bromide oligomer, chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated polyethylene and alicyclic chlorinated flame retardant. The phosphate-based flame retardant is chosen from red phosphorus, phosphoric acid ammonium, phosphin oxide, phosphin oxide diol, phosphite, phosphonate, triaryl phosphate, alkyldiaryl phosphate, trialkyl phosphate and resorcinol bis-diphenylphosphate. The nitrogen-based flame retardant is chosen from melamine, melamine phosphate and melaminecyanurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The material of isolation unit is formed with polymer melt at 70 degrees C or more. Preferred Component: The polymer melt is chosen from polyethylene and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode material contains fluorocarbon, manganese oxide, vanadium oxide (V2O5 or V6O13), iron oxyfluoride, iron fluoride (FeF3 or FeF2) or sulfur. The electrolyte component contains 0.01-15 wt.% lithium thiocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains organic aprotic solvent chosen from tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, adiponitrile, malononitrile, glutaronitrile, gamma -butyrolactone and/or imidazolium salt, and further contains conducting salt chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium fluoroalkyl phosphate, lithium borofluoride, imide salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) salt, methide salt, lithium perchlorate, lithiumchelatoborate, lithiumfluorochelatoborate, lithiumchelatophosphate, lithiumfluorochelatophosphate and/or lithium halide and organic polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic polymer is polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile and/or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Silicone resin composition contains 100-1500 mass parts of component (D) with respect to 100 mass parts of components (A)-(C). Component (D) is silver. Preferred Parameters: Electrical resistivity of component (D) at 20 degrees C is less than or equal to 0.1 Omega .m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent contained in the aqueous solution is chosen from distilled water, glycerol, ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol. The organic solvent is chosen from acetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, tetrahydrofuran, and ( gamma )-butyrolactone. The redox derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salts, imidazolium salts, pyridinium salts, pyrrolidinium salts, pyrazolidium salts, isothiazolidinium salts, isoxazolidinium salts and cobalt-based nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polysaccharide-based polymer is chosen from starch, cellulose, pectin, guar gum, alginate, carrageenan, xanthan gum and/or dextrin. The polysaccharide-based polymer is preferably xanthan gum. The amount of polysaccharide-based polymer in the polymer gel electrolyte composition is 1-5 wt.%, with respect to the amount of aqueous solution. The composition contains 10-80 wt% aqueous polysaccharide-based polymer solution and 20-90 wt.% liquid electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dopant is a co-acrylic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermal-barrier material comprises hydrophilic polymer, preferably acrylic polymer and amine-functional polymers, and an envelope comprising a hydrophobic material (104) containing hydrogel, and has flame resistance, reduced viscosity and atmospheric boiling point more than 16 maximum operating temperature of the battery pack and less than thermal-runaway temperature of the battery pack, and is doped with dopant. The acrylic polymer comprises acrylic acid, acrylamide and/or maleic anhydride polymers and co-polymers. The amine-functional polymer comprises allylamine, ethyleneimine and/or oxazoline. The hydrophilic polymer comprises sodium polyacrylate and polyacrylamide-co-acrylic acid, or hydrogel. The hydrophobic material is a foil pouch which contains a supporting structure comprising a porous sponge material. The supporting structure comprises several independent cells each containing hydrogel and natural cotton material. The content of thermal-absorbing material is 0.07 g of thermal absorbing material per gram of battery material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The blocked curing agent is the isocyanate-based compound blocked with 2-10 pts. wt. blocking agent. The blocking agent is chosen from phenolic agent, oxime type agent, active methylene-type agent, caprolactam, triazole and pyrazole, preferably methylethyl ketoxime, 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole or diethyl malonate. The content of liquid electrolyte is 55-90 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. composition. The liquid state electrolyte comprises 0.01-5 pts. wt. oxidation-reduction derivative and organic solvent. The oxidation-reduction derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and pyridinium salt. The organic solvent is chosen from acetonitrile, 3-methoxypropionitrile, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran and butyrolactone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transmitted polymer has functional group chosen from hydroxy group, carboxylic group, amine group and ester group, and is homopolymer obtained using monomer containing groups chosen from hydroxy group, carboxylic group, amine group and ester group. The content of transmitted polymer is 5-40 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred: The molar ratio of copper, zinc and tin is 2:0.6-1:0.4-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from water, alcohol and acetone. Preferred Process: A dispersant chosen from ethylene glycol, ethylenediamine and monoethylene amine, is further added to the mixed precursor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer binder is chosen from ethyl cellulose, palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polypropylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component A and component B is aryl hydrocarbyl, alcohol, ketone or alcohol ether. The component A and component B is dimethylbenzene and/or butyl alcohol. The weight ratio of dimethylbenzene to butyl alcohol is 1-3:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - referred Components: The epoxy resin is bisphenol A epoxy resin. The acrylic resin is BR-101 of acrylic acid resin or amino-modified acrylic resin. Preferred Components: The pigment is conventional organic and inorganic pigments including titanium dioxide, iron oxide red, carbon black or phthalocyanine blue green. The filler is barium sulfate, talcum powder and/or calcium carbonate. The auxiliary agent is anti-settling agent or wetting dispersant. The anti-settling agent is gas phase silicon dioxide or polyamide wax powder. The dispersant is unsaturated polyamide or low molecular weight acid polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Tween (RTM: Polysorbate) is Tween-20 (RTM: Polysorbate 20), Tween-40 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate), Tween-60 (RTM: Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monostearate) or Tween-80 (RTM: Polsorbate 80) Preferred Method: The step (1) is carried out at a stirring speed of 100-200 revolution per minutes (rpm) for 30-60 minutes. The step (2) is carried out at a stirring speed of 150-250 rpm for 2-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The organic solar cell further contains hole-transport layer and electron-transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron-transport layer is chosen from semiconductor nanoparticles, zinc oxide group nanoparticles, doped-zinc oxide aluminum, zinc oxide boron, zinc oxide gallium and zinc oxide nitrogen group nanoparticles, tin oxide nanoparticles, indium-based tin oxide nanoparticles, titanium oxide-based nanoparticles, cesium carbonate solution, titanium(diisoproxide)bis(2,4-pentadionate) solution and metal oxide sol. The semiconductor nanoparticles are chosen from zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide and zinc selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron-receptor of organic solar cell is chosen from 60C fullerene or their derivative, perylene or their derivative and semiconductor nanoparticles. The hole-transport layer of organic solar cell is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate), (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate):polyglycol(glycerol)), polyaniline:poly(4-styrene sulfonate), polyaniline:camphor sulfonic acid, or poly(4,4'-dimethoxy bithophene). The fullerene derivative is chosen from (6,6)-phenyl-61C- butyric acid methyl ether(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ether, and (6,6)-phenyl-71C-butyric acid methyl ether(6,6)-phenyl-71C-butyric acid methyl ether. The perylene derivative is chosen from 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises 2-5 pts.wt. triglycerol esters, 0.5-1 pts.wt. hexenyl bisstearamide, 2-5 pts.wt. polyethylene pyrrolidone, 0.5-1 pts.wt. vinyl diphenyl methane, 2-5 pts.wt. diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate, 1-3 pts.wt. N-( beta -aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane and 2-4 pts.wt. 2-ethylhexyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive consists of 2-5 pts. wt. dimethyl phthalate, 0.5-1 pts. wt. stearic acid monoglyceride, 2-5 pts. wt. lecithin, 0.5-1 pts. wt. silicone emulsion, 2-5 pts. wt. modified hydrogenated castor oil, 1-3 pts. wt. methyltrimethoxysilane, and 2-4 pts. wt. polyacrylic acid dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises 2-5 pts.wt. epoxidized triglyceride, 0.5-1 pts.wt. alkenyl, 2-5 pts.wt. hydrogenated castor oil, 0.5-1 pts.wt. dodecyl sodium sulfate, 2-5 pts.wt. gas-phase silicon dioxide, 1-3 pts.wt. phenyl triethoxysilane and 2-4 pts.wt. methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The main body is made of transparent PC plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated monomer is maleic anhydride. The encapsulant layer comprises: adhesion promoters consisting of non-polymeric ingredient and organic, crystalline or mineral ingredient, preferably semi-mineral semi-organic ingredient; antioxidants; and/or anti-UV agents.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a matrix constituted of polyolefin and/or polyamide. Preferred Components: The graft polymer is nanostructured polymer. A molar mass of the polyamide grafts is 1000-10000 g/mol. The number of monomer attached to the polyolefin backbone is greater than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 20. The polyamide graft comprises copolyamide or polyamide 6. A weight ratio of matrix with respect to the polyamide graft is 9/1 to 1/9, preferably 4/1 to 1/4. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The micron-nano composite silver powder is mixture of micron silver powders and nano-silver powder. The lead-free glass powder comprises 45-65 wt.% bismuth oxide powder, 10-13 wt.% silicon dioxide powder, 5-10 wt.% boron oxide powder, 1-10 wt.% aluminum oxide powder and 10-30 silicon dioxide powder. The content of nano silver powder is 5-10 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The micron silver powder has fineness of 15 mu m or less. The nano silver powder has fineness of 50-100 nm, tap density of 3.5 g/cm3 or more and viscosity of 20-100 Pa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent includes terpineol, tributyl citrate and dibutyl phthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thickening agent is ethyl cellulose and acrylic resin. The additive contains thixotropic agent, polyamide vinegar, coupling agent KH-570 and active agent lecithin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The modified polyethylene film is ethylene-propylene copolymer, modified polyethylene, polyethylene octylene and/or modified polyethylene. The transparent polymer is polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate or polyether sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion comprises iron, tin and titanium. The reducing agent comprises nickel base catalyst, sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride. The organic silicon compound comprises silane coupling agent, silicon oil and silicone resin. The acid solution comprises nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The injection resin is epoxy resin, polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, MMA resin, unsaturated polyester resin or phenol resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal comprises cobalt, lead, platinum, gold, silver, copper, chromium, titanium, zinc, magnesium, scandium, vanadium, manganese, iron, nickel, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, mercury, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, ununnilium, unununium, and ununbium. The base comprises ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid comprises acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and carbonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bivalent group which consists of monocyclic aromatic ring is benzene, thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, or group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from furan. The monomeric unit is chosen from 18 units e.g. units of formulae (I)-(V). The content of halogen-containing compound is 1-100 moles.V1=N, O or S;V2=C, N, Si or Ge;V3=aryl or heteroaryl of formula: -(Ar')m-;R2=H or optionally substituted 1-18C alkyl;R3=1-18C alkyl group or optionally substituted alkoxy;R4=H, halo, or 1-18C alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted);andAr'=not defined.N.B. Ar' is not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The base material comprises an alloy containing 43.4% aluminum, 55% zinc, and 1.6% silicon. The galvanized sheet iron comprises 91% zinc, 6% aluminum, and 1% magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin of primary layer is polyester-based resin or epoxy resin. The primary layer and secondary layer contain color pigment. The thermosetting resin of secondary layer contains polyester-based resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, fluorine resin and/or urethane type resin. The pre-coat aluminum plate further has a resin layer provided on the surface opposite to the surface covered with primary layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The open polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes are trisilanol polyhedral hepta alkyl silsesquioxane molecules selected from isobutyl, isooctyl, phenyl and others, 5-15% (w/w) to the black spinel pigment. The pigment is in a form of a dispersion of 10-25% (w/w) of the modified pigment with particles size between 50-300 nm, prepared by grounding in aromatic, aliphatic, ketone, ether, ester or alcohol compound, preferentially 1-butanol, with zirconia spheres, which have diameter smaller than 2 mm. Sol-gel paint comprises sol-gel binders: tetraalkoxy silane from 20 to 40% (w/w); tetra((diethoxymethylsilyl)ethyl)tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane from 20 to 40 % (w/w); and black pigment dispersion from 40 to 60% (w/w); or sol-gel paint comprising sol-gel binders: glycidoxypropyltriethoxy silane at 0-15% (w/w), and black pigment dispersion at 40-60% (w/w). Perfluorooctyltriethoxy silane from 0 to 15% (w/w) is added as low surface energy additive. Organic pigment modified with standard surface modifiers is added from 10 to 30% (w/w) to the total weight of pigment. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second layers and glazing layer are formed of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery pack is build of lithium-polymer cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester polyurethane polyol (A) is obtained by reacting polybasic acid (E), polyhydric alcohol (F) and polyisocyanate compound (G2) having 3 or more functional groups. The resin composition contains isocyanate compound (G) containing diisocyanate compound (G1) and polyisocyanate compound (G2) in mass ratio of 50/50-5/95. The compound (A) has hydroxyl value of 5-30 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The polybasic acid (E) is dibasic acid component containing 10-30 mol% 8C or more aliphatic dibasic acid and 50-90 mol% aromatic dibasic acid. The polyhydric alcohol (F) contains 40-100 mol% 5C or more aliphatic polyhydric alcohol. The polyester polyol (B) has hydroxyl value of 5-30 mg potassium hydroxide/g, and contains dibasic acid component containing 10-30 mol% 8C or more aliphatic dibasic acid, and 50-90 mol% aromatic dibasic acid, and 40-100 mol% 5C or more aliphatic polyol. The resin composition further contains a hydroxyl-containing epoxy resin (C) having number average molecular weight of 300-5000, and a hydroxyl-containing polycarbonate resin (D) having number average molecular weight of 300-3000. The molar ratio of hydroxyl group contained in compounds (A)-(D) and isocyanate group of polyisocyanate compound is 1/1-1/2. The content of resins (C) and (D) is each of 5-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass total content of compounds (A) and (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nitrogen precursor compound comprises an ammonia generating precursor selected from ammonium hydroxide, urea, and/or ammonium carbamate. The nitrogen precursor compound comprises an ammonium salt. The transition metal salt comprises a cation selected from iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium, cerium, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, and/or manganese; and an anion selected from acetate, chloride, nitrate, and/or sulfate. The nitrogen precursor compound is free of carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nitrogen precursor compound comprises melamine. The carbon source comprises at least one of pyrolyzed perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride (PTCDA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), pyrrole black, graphitic powder, acetylene black, oxidized carbon supports, and metal carbides. The transition metal precursor is a transition metal macrocycle, and/or a transition metal salt. The transition metal macrocycle is selected from cobalt pthalocyanine, iron pthalocyanine, cobalt tetraazannulene, iron tetramethoxy phenyl porphyrin chloride, tetracarboxylic cobalt, tetramethoxy phenyl porphyrin chloride, cobalt salen-N,N' bis-salicylidine, ethylenediaminocobalt, cobalt-anten-O-amino, ferrocene, benzaldehyde, and/or iron phenanthroline. The nitrogen precursor compound is selected from poly(quinoxaline), nitroaniline, 1,10-phenanthroline, pthalocyanine, pyridine, bipyridine, polyaniline, pyrrole, polyvinyl pyridine, 3-nitrophalimide, p-phenylazophenol, 6-quionoline carboxylic acid, 6-nitrobenzimidazole, 5-amino-6-nitro quinoline, 2,3-naphthalocyanine, 4,4'-azoxydibenzoic acid, 2-amino 5-nitro pyrimidine, hematin, 4,4'-azo-bis(cyanovaleric acid), hemotoporphyrin dihydrochloride, 4,4'-nitrophenyl azo catechol, 4,6 dihydroxy pyrimidine, nitrophenyl, benzylamine, 1,6-phenylendiamine, tetracyanoquinodimethane, propylene diamine, ethylene di-amine, urea, selenourea, thiourea, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, ammonia, acetonitrile and/or polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polymer comprises performing a polymerization including Suzuki-polymerization, Yamamoto-polymerization, Stille-polymerization and Hartwig-Buchwald polymerization to obtain the polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal of the buffer layer is molybdenum. The chalcogen is sulfur or selenium. The photoactive layer comprises copper, indium, gallium, sulfur, selenium, zinc or tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phenol compound (B1) is of formula (I) or (II). The compound (B2) is of formula (III) or (IV).R1-R5=H, 1-10C alkyl or cyclic alkyl;R6=H or methyl;p=1 or 2;andR=H, chloro or methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The onium salt is imidazolium salt, pyridinium salt, pyrrolidinium salt, piperidinium salt, ammonium salt, sulfonium salt, and/or phosphonium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The high-molecular compound has an ester group of formula: -COOR in the side chain.R=3C or more alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Heat sealing layer is a layer on which adhesive resin layer and sealant layer are laminated from metal foil layer side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Sealing sheet has greater than or equal to 2 crosslinking process parts partially crosslinked by ionizing radiation exposure and are 1-160 mm of distance between the edge parts of crosslinking process part which adjoins most to both crosslinking process parts. Crosslinking process part partially crosslinked by ionizing radiation exposure has a line shape along the film forming direction of sealing sheet in which width of line shape is 1-160 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first sealing section is formed of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and the sealing section is formed of non cross-linked type olefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Isocyanate compound is isocyanate compound of more than bifunction e.g. aliphatic isocyanate compound and/or its polyisocyanate derivative. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer contains 15-45 wt.% vinyl acetate content. Adhesive agent contains 0.01-20 pts. wt. isocyanate compound with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Base material layer is a resin film layer e.g. polyester film layer or fluorine resin film. Polyester film is polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. Fluorine resin film is polytetrafluoroethylene film, polyvinylidene fluoride film, and polyvinyl fluoride film. Preferred Parameters: Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt flow rate of 50-2500 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Resin (A) containing hydroxyl group with glass transition temperature of 20-110 degrees C, preferably 40-100 degrees C is chosen from acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin and fluororesin. Resin (B) containing hydroxyl group with hydroxyl value of 40-500 mgKOH/g is chosen from acrylic polyol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polyolefin-type polyol, polycarbonate polyol, urethane polyol and fluorine-type polyol. Hardenable coating composition further contains epoxy resin, antioxidant and/or optical stabilizer, and carbodiimide compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The electroconductive particles (A) are silver particles and/or copper particles. The current collection electrode comprises transparent conductive layer as base layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The organopolysiloxane (B) further has an epoxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - A fire retardant is provided with an expandable clay, expandable carbon black, expandable graphite, in-tumescent silicate, hydrated metal silicate, bromated components, halocarbons, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, hydromagnesite, antimony trioxide, red phosphorus, boron component and phospodium salt. The desiccant is made up of clay, nano clay, montmorillonite clay, synthetic zeolite, surface modified carbon, activated carbon, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate, salt, inorganic gel, activated alumina, calluose material and metal silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal tube enclosed within the glass tube is made of heat conducting material e.g. stainless steel, copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gaskets connecting the flanged portions of the glass tube and the metal tube are Grafoil (RTM: flexible graphite material) gaskets made of Teflon (RTM: PTFE), viton, which can withstand at higher temperature and maintain the vacuum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Materials: The minerals are sources of calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, phosphorus, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, vanadium, or copper, preferably calcium and iron. The excipient comprises preservatives, pH modifiers, buffers, sweeteners, flavoring, diluents, binders, lubricants and vehicles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The in-situ gelling polymers are thermoreversible polymers, pH triggered gelling polymer, ionic gelling polymers, enzyme induced gelling polymers, and substrate-specific gelling polymers, preferably methylcellulose, N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer, polyethylene, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamides, polysaccharides, esters of acetic acid, succinic acid and phthalic acid, methylacrylic acid derivatives, alginic acid, gelatin, styrene polymers, acrylic acid derivatives, locust bean gum, guar gum, and gellan gum. The viscosity modifier is gum arabic, tragacanth, carrageenan, acacia gum, xanthan gum, pectins, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, dioxypropylcellulose, and carboxyvinyl polymers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Reducing agent is sodium borohydride or hydrazine hydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, ethanol, acetone or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Aniline oligomer is aniline tetramer, aniline pentamer, aniline hexamer and/or aniline octamer. Aniline oligomer and reducing agent are at mass ratio of 1:20-20:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plant straw sections comprise wheat straw and/or corn straw which are cut into length of 3-8 cm. The excrements comprise human manure, dairy manure, and/or pig manure. The aminating agent is chosen from urea, ammonium sulfate, and/or ammonium carbonate. The pH stabilizing agent is chosen from calcium carbonate, kaolin, and/or magnesium oxide. The anaerobic sludge is beer sludge, leather waste water, and/or paper making wastewater. Preferred Method: The water content of the mixed material is controlled at 35-55%. The ammoniation and fermentation is performed for 10-20 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrical insulating material is selected polyvinylchloride , polyethylene terephthalate or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Wet treatment comprises disassembling battery, removing plastic and paper packaging, and carrying out neutral leaching using clean water to remove trace amounts of soluble potassium and chromium; weak acid washing and disassembling the battery material to obtain lithium ion, zinc ion, magnesium ion, cobalt ion, aluminum ion, and chromium ion metal salt solution mixture; adding extracting solvent, extracting, and separating first metal organic frame required to high purity metal salt and ammonium salt in weak acid for manganese ion, ferrous ion, and copper ion; adding strong acid to obtain manganese ion, ferrous ion, and copper ion salt solution; and extracting, and separating two kinds of salts. Preparing the hydrothermal reaction solution comprises dissolving the metal salt solution and an organic micro-molecular ligand in an organic solvent. Solvothermal crystallization comprises placing a solvothermal reaction solution in a PTFE tank, sealing, heating to 80 degrees C for 5 hours, forming seed crystal in the solution, increasing the temperature to 110-150 degrees C for crystallization, filtering, reacting with an organic solvent, washing with deionized water, and naturally drying in an air atmosphere. Preferred Component: The weak acid is nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent comprises N, N'-dimethylformamide or N,N-diethylformamide. The organic micro-molecular ligand comprises 1, 4-benzenedicarboxylate, triethylamine, 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoate, pyridine, trimesic acid, imidazole, benzimidazole, 4-methyl imidazole, 2-ethyl imidazole, or nitroimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The air outlet provided with autocatalysis performance of the carbon fuel surface comprises a set of metal ion functional group consisting of potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium and other alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, and iron, copper, nickel or zinc. The raw material is heated for a period of time at a low temperature, and quickly raised to 400-800 degrees C, again heated for 8 hours, and slowly cooled to room temperature under the protection of protection gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic material is chosen from titanium oxide, silica, fumed silica, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxycarbide, glass powder, glass fiber, carbon fiber, graphene, nanotube, gold particles, silver particles, alumina, magnesia, silicon nitride, zirconia, zirconium carbide, aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, titanium carbide and titanium diboride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, acetophenone, acrylonitrile, cyclohexanone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, hexamethylphosphoramide, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, N-methypyrrolidone, propylene-1,2-carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, tethramethylurea, triethylphosphate, trimethylphosphate and dimethylacetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer in the polymer composite membrane is chosen from fluoropolymer and hydrophobic polymer. The composite is obtained using inorganic material, alcohol or organic solvent. The fluoropolymer is obtained from vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, vinyl fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, hexafluoropropylene and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether). The hydrophobic polymer is chosen from polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfone, polyketone, polyether sulfone, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, acrylic resin, nylon, polyamide, epoxy polymer and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The blade is made of macromolecular resin composite material comprising glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material, glass fiber reinforced polyester composite material, or carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composite material. The carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composite material is high-ductility carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composite material comprising 55-75 wt.% polyphenyl thioether, 10-30 wt.% carbon fiber, 0-30 wt.% inorganic filler, 3-10 wt.% impact modifier, 0.20-1.0 wt.% coupling agent, 0.20-0.50 wt.% antioxidant, and 0.50-2.0 wt.% auxiliary material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth metal inorganic material is chosen from scandium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, europium, terbium, gadolinium, dysprosium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium-doped aluminum phosphor, silicate phosphor, phosphate phosphor, sulfide phosphor, nitride phosphor, fluoride phosphor and metal oxide phosphor. The organic rare-earth metal complex is chosen from scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, hafnium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. The fluorescence conversion material is chosen from cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon oxide, germanium phosphide, indium phosphide, silicon carbide, lead sulfide, lead selenide and gallium arsenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic fluorescence dye is chosen from oxadiazole and its derivatives, triazole and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, coumarin derivatives, 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, porphyrin compound, carbazole, pyrazine, thiazole derivatives and perylene derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin matrix contains polyethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate formaldehyde cross-linked polymer and/or thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The heat-sealing layer is formed using the olefin resin having heat-sealing property, and has thickness of 1-100 mu m. Preferred Components: The laminated component for a lithium ion battery exterior further contains barrier layer (16) and a table material layer (18) on an electrolyte blocking layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymerization ratio of (meth)acrylic-acid alkylester is 10-95 wt.%. The (meth)acrylic acid alkylester has 9-20C alkyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The amount of terpolymer is 20-80 wt.%. The polyamide-6 is provided at least partially or mainly as a polyamide. The terpolymer is prepared from 30-99 wt.% acrylic ester, 60-90 wt.% styrene and 15-85 wt.% acrylonitrile, where the total weight of the acrylic esters, styrene and acrylonitrile is 100 wt.%. The backsheet is formed as single film or composite film. The first layer is made of polyamide and terpolymer of acrylic ester, styrene and acrylonitrile, and the second layer comprises polyamide and terpolymer of acrylic ester, styrene and acrylonitrile containing, where first and second layers are directly connected to each other without adhesives and without adhesion promoters. The composite film comprises a third layer which is connected to the second layer, where the third layer comprises a thermoplastic polymer comprising ethylene vinyl acetate, thermoplastic polyolefin, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene butyl acrylate, silicone elastomer and acrylate. EXAMPLE - Polyamide-6 was melted in an extruder at a temperature of 240 degrees C and at a pressure of 105 bar and homogenized. The resulting melt was distributed through a slit die and withdrawn via a roller in a continuous process. The film was subsequently cooled on a chill roll system to obtain the backsheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electroconductive particle is silver (Ag) powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hardening agent is imidazole or tert.-amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Mass ratio heat-hardenable resin composition:electroconductive particle is 2.5-4.2:82-90, organic-type system is prepared by mixing heat-hardenable composition with solvent at 20-30 degrees C and mixing hardening agent, and 70-95 mass% electroconductive particles is mixed with 5-30 mass% organic-type system into paste form. Electroconductive ink composition is heat-hardened at 100-280 degrees C after applying to substrate. Lead wire of solar cell module is formed using the electroconductive ink composition. Preferred Components: Epoxy resin composition is phenol aralkyl type, mixed biphenyl type, naphthalene type, cresol novolak type, and/or dicyclopentadiene type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is selected from substrates comprising aluminum, steel, or composite materials comprising fiber reinforced polymeric resins. The substrate is the external surface of an article where the article is a component of a transport vehicle or a wind energy-generating device, where the external surface of the article forms part of the external surface of the transport vehicle or the wind energy-generating device when installed in it.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable composition further comprises a saturated hydrocarbon solid having a melting point of 100-145 degrees C. Preferred Components: The external surface comprises a composite material containing a polymeric resin and at least one fiber materials. The hollow particles are hollow glass particles. EXAMPLE - A curable composition comprising a composition containing 62 wt.% of VERSAMINE C31 (RTM: cycloaliphatic amine curing agent), 4 wt.% of ANCAMINE K54 (RTM: Tris- 2, 4, 6- dimethyl amino methylphenol), 32 wt.% of GLASS BUBBLES D32 (RTM: hollow glass particles, density 0.32 g/cc), 1.5 wt.% of DISPERLON 6500 (RTM: non-reactive polyamide), and 0.5 wt.% of pigment; and a composition containing 61 wt.% of EPIKOTE 232 (RTM: low-medium viscosity epoxy resin consisting of a blend of bisphenol A and bisphenol F resin), 11 wt.% of EPODIL 757 (RTM: 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol diglycidyl ether), 25 wt.% of GLASS BUBBLES D32 (RTM: hollow glass particles, density 0.32 g/cc), 1.5 wt.% of Z-6040 (RTM: epoxy silane), 1.5 wt.% of DISPARLON 6500 (RTM: non-reactive polyamide), and 1.5 wt.% of AEROSIL R202 (RTM: hydrophobic fumed silica), was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The film layer contains nanoparticles containing titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and/or silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The non-ferrous metal plate is made of aluminum-magnesium-silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner layer is made of ethylene propylene diene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hydrophilic group of polymer is -COOM, -SO3M, -PO3M, and/or amide group. Ionic group of cationic electrolyte polymer is salt of primary, secondary, and/or tertiary amino group, quaternary ammonium group, and/or quaternary phosphonium group.M=H, alkali metal, quaternary ammonium group, or quaternary phosphonium group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Liquid (A) contains 0.0003-3 mass% cationic electrolyte polymer. Liquid (B) contains 0.0003-3 mass% polymer having polymer unit of fluoro olefin. Fixed base material is plastic base material which has thermal expansion coefficient of 50-350 ppm/K and contains antireflective film. Preferred Parameter: The pH of liquid (A) is 7-14.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silica carrier is nano-silica particles. The graphite is expanded graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polypropylene and/or ammonium polyphosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic layer has a first band gap and one or more inorganic semiconducting materials have, independently, a second band gap different from the first band gap. The organic layer comprises one or more conjugated polymers, where one or more conjugated polymers comprise branching and/or roping. It is introduced to the substrate by solvent casting, spin coating, blade coating, screen printing, or spraying. It is an organogel of one or more conjugated polymers. One or more semiconducting inorganic materials are introduced by deposition; or one or more semiconducting inorganic materials are introduced directly to the interpenetrating network. The organic phase has a first band gap and the inorganic phase has a second band gap different from the first band gap. Organic phase comprises one or more conjugated polymers. The inorganic phase comprises one or more semiconducting inorganic materials. One or more semiconducting inorganic materials are dispersed or distributed among the interpenetrating network. The interpenetrating network is poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl); poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl); poly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl); or poly(9,9-dioctyl fluorene). The organic layer is an organogel of one or more conjugated polymers having a first band gap and the inorganic semiconducting material has a second band gap different from the first band gap.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first body is formed of thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin or photocurable resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent in the manufacture of solid electrolyte is chosen from aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon, cycloparaffin, and halogenated hydrocarbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The monomer in the resin is chosen from acrylic ester or methacrylic ester. The highest-occupied molecular orbital and lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital of the monomer in the resin are less than -10.71 eV and 2.70 eV or more, respectively. The acrylic acid derivative is chosen from of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, i-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate and ethoxyethyl acrylate. The methacrylic acid derivative is chosen from ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methoxyethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode layer comprises indium tin oxide (ITO), AZO, IZO, GZO, ITO-Ag-ITO, ITO-Cu-ITO, AZO-Ag-AZO, GZO-Ag-GZO, IZO-Ag-IZO or IZTO-Ag-IZTO. The electron transport layer comprises at least one compound selected from zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO), SnO2, In2O3, Cs2CO3, or a mixture of at least two of the compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acceptor material comprises C60, (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), perylene, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI) or dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole (DPP).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fiber type substrate comprises glass fiber, polymer fiber or fiber reinforced plastic (FRP). The photoactive layer has a bulk heterogeneous junction (BHJ) structure of donor and acceptor areas. The donor material of the donor area comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), poly(N-9''-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)) (PCDTBT), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-para-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) or poly(2-methoxy-5-3(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)-1-4-phenylene vinylene (MDMOPPV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system component is made of acyclic or cyclic ester such as acyclic or cyclic organic carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: Water vapor permeation rate of moisture resistant film measured according to JIS C 60068-2-66 after performing pressure cooker test at 120 degrees C for 32 hours is less than or equal to 3 times with respect to water vapor permeation rate in initial stage. Preferred Compositions: Film-form resin composition in back surface film contains polypropylene, polylactic acid, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, and/or cellulose butyrate-acetate resin. Back surface film contains greater than or equal to 50 mass% polypropylene resin, polylactic resin, polyvinyl fluoride resin, and/or polyvinylidene fluoride resin. Fluorine resin film comprises film-form resin composition containing polytetrafluoroethylene, 4-ethylene fluoride-perchloroalkoxy copolymer, 4-ethylene fluoride-6-propylene fluoride copolymer, 2-ethylene-4-ethylene fluoride copolymer, poly(ethylene trifluoride chloride) and/or polyvinylidene fluoride. Module contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) and carbon nanotubes is 1-5:1. The weight ratio of graphene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) is 1-5:1. The carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The electrode further has a layer-containing 0.01-5 wt.% platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin metal film layer consists of silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing organic compound is nitrogen-containing compound of formula: (A1)n1-Y'1 (I), nitrogen-containing compound of formula: -(A2-Y'2)- (II), or high-molecular compound of formula: -(A4)n3-Y'3((A3)n2)-(A5)n4 (III), preferably nitrogen-containing compound (I). The nitrogen-containing organic compound contains nitrogen atoms. The electrode (B) has transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film further has a protective layer with refractive index of 1.5-1.8 formed on the thin metal film layer.A1,A3=monovalent nitrogen atom-containing group;n1=2 or more;Y'1=n monovalent organic group or single bond;A2=bivalent nitrogen atom-containing group;Y'2=divalent organic group or single bond;A4,A5=bivalent nitrogen atom-containing group;n2=1 or more;n3,n4=0 or 1;andY'3=organic group of (n2+2) valence.Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of the nitrogen-containing organic compound is 3000 or more. The film thickness of the base layer is 5-30 nm. Preferred Process: The base layer is formed by coating process using solvent containing fluoroalcohol. Preferred Definitions:    A1-A5=pyridine ring having group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate contains glass, silicon sheet, stainless steel and/or polyimide. The sulfur-containing atmosphere comprises sulfur or sulfide. Preferred Process: A doped layer is provided between metal precursor and substrate. The heat treatment is carried out using nitrogen or argon gas as protective gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of spherical lithium iron phosphate anode material specifically comprises adding ferrous oxalate or ferrous compound, phosphoric acid or phosphate and lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate to deionized water at mol ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain ferrous ion (Fe2+), lithium ion (Li+) and phosphate ion (PO4-) with concentration of 1 mol/L, stirring and mixing uniformly; adding 6-10% soluble organic carbon source, stirring, mixing uniformly; placing mixed solution by spray pyrolysis spray dryer to obtain uniformly mixed lithium iron phosphate precursor powder; and placing obtained lithium iron phosphate precursor powder into crucible, putting in microwave sintering furnace at 2-4 kW for 2-3 hours. The spray pyrolysis material inlet temperature is 180 degrees C and outlet temperature is 80 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carbon source is sucrose, glucose and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead paste comprises 0.02 wt.% 20# aviation oil, 0.03 wt.% nano-silicon dioxide powder, 0.55 wt.% activated carbon, 0.16 wt.% wood powder, 0.2 wt.% lignin, 0.8 wt.% barium sulfate, 0.3 wt.% humic acid, 0.06 wt.% polyester fiber, and 5.5 wt.% sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The Universal serial bus terminal is provided for connecting to data input device at a control unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode layer contains nickel oxide and gadolinium-doped ceria mixed powder, or nickel oxide and yttria stabilized zirconia mixed powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal support is nickel-based alloy or alloy containing iron, preferably nickel-chromium-aluminum-yttrium alloy or nickel-iron alloy. The iron based alloy is ferritic stainless steel alloy, preferably stainless steel 434 (STS434), stainless steel 444 (STS444), stainless steel 430 (STS430), stainless steel 409 (STS409), stainless steel 410L (STS410L), stainless steel 441 (STS441) or Crofer22 (RTM: ferritic stainless steel).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactants have 10-25 repeat units. The first and second solvents are water and the critical micelle concentration of the first and second solution is 2-10. The second metal salt includes platinum, gold, silver, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, molybdenum, osmium, iridium, rhenium, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, iron, selenium, nickel, bismuth, tin, chrome, titanium, cerium, and copper. The first metal salt and the second metal salt are nitrate compounds, halide compounds, hydroxide compounds or sulfate compounds. The standard reduction potential of first and second reducing agent is -0.2 to -0.05V. The first and second reducing agents include ascorbic acid, diol compound, citric acid, fructose, amine compound, alpha -hydroxyketone compound, succinic acid and maltose. The particle diameter of the core-shell particle is 80-120%. The average particle diameter of core-shell particles is 2-500 nm. The particle diameter of the core is 1-200 nm, and the thickness of the shell is 1-50 nm. The core-shell particle is performed at 25-100 degrees C. The second shell includes a third metal salt with the third metal. The thickness of the first shell is 1-50 nm and the thickness of the second shell is 1-50 nm. The ratio of the first metal over the second metal is 1-3:5-16. Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding a third metal salt to the second solution after forming the second solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gear is made of polyester, polystyrene, polyethylene, fiber reinforced plastics or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred: The iron-chromium alloy film contains 30-50 wt.% chrome. Preferred Property: The surface roughness of the alloy film is 0.05-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive further contains hydrolysis-resistant agent chosen from carbodiimide, epoxy compound and/or silane coupling agent, preferably carbodiimide, bisphenol A type epoxy resin and/or silane coupling agent. The component (A) further contains solvent, antioxidant, ultraviolet ray absorbent and/or ultraviolet stabilizer. The antioxidant is comprises main antioxidant and auxiliary antioxidant. The main antioxidant is hindered amine and/or hindered phenol, preferably antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076, antioxidant 1790 or antioxidant BHT. The auxiliary antioxidant is phosphite ester antioxidant, preferably antioxidant 168, triphenyl phosphate or phosphorous acid phenyl diiso-decylester. The ultraviolet absorber is salicylic acid ester, phenyl ketone, benzotriazole, substituted acrylonitrile, triazine, hindered amine, preferably benzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methyl phenyl)-5-chloro benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chloro benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-dipentylphenyl)benzotriazole or 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxy benzophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The isocyanate curing agent is chosen from isophorone diisocyanate tripolymer, hexamethylene diisocyanate or its tripolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The norbornene copolymer is prepared by copolymerization of norbornene and an olefin compound, or copolymerization of norbornene and an acrylate compound. The olefin compound is ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene or octene. The acrylate compound is methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-methyl methacrylate or 2-ethyl methacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the base layer is 0.1-10 mm. The thickness of upper layer is 0.01-0.1 mm. The thickness of the bottom layer is 0.01-0.1 mm. The thickness of the upper surface layer is 0.005-0.15 mm. The weight ratio of norbornene copolymer and polyolefin elastomer is 1:1-1.5:1. The weight ratio of the norbornene copolymer and polyamide is 1:1-1.5:1. The weight ratio of norbornene copolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride is 1:1-1.5-1. Preferred Method: The method comprises: (1) co-extruding upper layer and upper surface layer by using eutectic mixture of norbornene copolymer and polyolefin elastomer and norbornene copolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride at 180-240degree C; (2) extruding the bottom layer by using the eutectic mixture of norbornene copolymer and polyolefin elastomer or norbornene copolymer and polyamide PA as ingredients at 180-240degree C; and (3) coating the layers prepared in the steps (i) and (ii) respectively on upper and lower surfaces of the glass fiber cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polypropylene is sodium polyacrylate which is methyl sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersible colloidal particles comprise organic or inorganic polymer dispersible colloidal particles containing polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene/poly(divinylbenzene), polyamide and/or poly(butyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene). The conductive polymer composition comprises polystyrene having alkyl-containing repeating unit of formula (I). The content of dispersible colloidal particles is 10-80 vol.% with respect to total volume of conductive polymer composition. The conductive polymer is polyethylenedioxythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyphenylene, poly(phenylene vinylene), polythiophene, and/or their copolymer, preferably poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate. The conductive polymer composition further comprises chemical crosslinking agent, physical crosslinking agent and compatibilizing agent.R1=H or methyl;R2=1-30C linear, branched or cyclic alkyl;x=0 or positive integer;y=positive integer;x+y=less than 5;R=not defined;andn=20000 or more.N.B: R is not defined. Preferred Properties: The dispersible colloidal particles have diameter of 10-150 nm. The percolation threshold value of conductive polymer composition is 0.25 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diffuse reflection layer comprises white polyethylene butyral.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive metal layer is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, aluminum and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive layer is polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base layer is polyethylene terephthalate layer. The base layer comprises amorphous polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, dihydric alcohol or dibasic acid present in an amount of 25-50 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide precursor is titanium butoxide or a metal chloride. The metal chloride comprises titanium isopropoxide, titanium chloride, tinhydrate, iron chloride, nickel chloride, copper chloride, magnesium chloride, palladium chloride, cobalt chloride, tantalum chloride, manganese chloride, iron nitrate, Iron(III) nitrate, nickel nitrate, copper nitrate, magnesium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate, iron acetate, nickel acetate, cobalt acetate, zinc acetate and copper acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: A solvent used in the first solution and the second solution comprises distilled water, dimethylformamide, phenol, toluene, ethanol, methanol and propanol. The ionic liquid solution comprises ethyl methylimidazolium chloride, ethyl methylimidazolium dicyanamide, ethyl methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, ethyl methyl imidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, ethyl methyl imidazolium acetate, ethyl methylimidazolium hydroxide, ethyl methylimidazolium diethylphosphate, ethyl methylimidazolium methyl carbonate, ethyl methylimidazolium lactate, butyl methylimidazolium chloride, butyl methylimidazolium methylcarbonate solution, butyl methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, butyl methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, butyl methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate and dimethyl imidazolium methanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylacetate, polyacrylonitrile, polyfurfuryl alcohol, cellulose, glucose, PVC, polyacrylic acid, polylactic acid, polyethylene oxide, polypyrrole, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyaramid, polyaniline, phenol resin, and pitch polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An isopropyl alcohol is used during dispersion of gold nanoparticles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The back sheet comprises polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Properties: The particle size of heat adhesive resin powder is 30-100 meshes. The thickness of the heat sealable layer and back sheet is 0.4-0.9 mm and 0.3-0.5 mm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The reflection layer contains aluminum and/or silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An intermediate layer (4) is provided between reflection layer and protective layer, and consists of silane coupling agent, titanium coupling agent, zirconium coupling agent and/or organic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The shell is formed of semiconductor such as titanium dioxide, silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide. The thin film is formed of copper indium gallium selenide, copper zinc tin sulfide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, copper oxide, and silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The material of back contact is selected from the group consisting of platinum, zinc, vanadium, tantalum, niobium, zinc, tungsten, zirgonium, titanium, hafnium, gallium, indium and aluminium. The buffer layer provided with semiconducting material is selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, indium sulfide, oxide and selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric network comprises polyurethane. The mechanophore comprises spirooxazine and/or indenonaphthopyran. The spirooxazine comprises an indolene portion and a naphthalene portion. The spirooxazine is bound within the polymeric network at the C5 position of the indolene portion and C5' position of the naphthalene portion of the spirooxazine. The indenonaphthopyran comprises an indeno portion, a naphtho portion, and a pyran portion, and includes a substituent on the pyran portion. The indenonaphthopyran is bound within the polymeric network at the pyran portion substituent and at the naphtho portion of the indenonaphthopyran. The indenonaphthopyran is bound within the polymeric network at the C7 position of the indenonaphthopyran. The color change occurs upon the article receiving a mechanical load in excess of a predetermined level. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised: 7.25 pts. wt. of polyol; and 6.72 pts. wt. of premixture-A (comprising 5.07 pts. wt. of poly functional isocyanate, 1.34 pts. wt. of polymer, 0.93 pts. wt. of butyl acetate 0.93 and 2.23 pts. wt. of methylene chloride).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxygen concentration in raw material supply port is less than 10%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The terminal blocking material is carbodiimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material layer sample is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and contains low-density polyethylene having density of 0.910 g/cm3 or less. The content of the ethylene unit in the polypropylene resin is 2.1-3 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The poly (vinyl-acrylic ester-acrylic acid)/polyethylene glycol blend having structure of formula (II) is prepared by mixing a vinyl monomer, acrylic ester monomer, acrylic acid monomer, initiator and polyethylene glycol in solvent in a mass ratio of 1:1.6-17:0-6:0.043-5:1.2-56:3-40, introducing nitrogen, increasing temperature, reacting mixture to obtain poly (vinyl-acrylic ester-acrylic acid)/polyethylene glycol blend, and refining by vacuum drying or spin drying resultant product. The poly (vinyl-acrylic ester-acrylic acid)/polyethylene glycol blend is reacted with iodide electrolyte solution in a weight ratio of 1:1-9, followed by adding ionic liquid, heating at 60-75 degrees C in a sealed environment, stirring, and cooling to room temperature to obtain quasi-solid electrolyte, where the iodide electrolyte solution is prepared by mixing sodium iodide, potassium iodide or lithium iodide, iodine compound, ion liquid selected from 1-methyl-3-imidazole iodine, 1,3 imidazole iodine or 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazole iodine, and solvent selected from gamma -butyrolactone, acetonitrile and/or 3-propionitrile in a 1:0.68-0.84:8.6-10.7:42-60. Preferred Components: The vinyl monomer is N-vinyl imidazole, the acrylic ester monomer is methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, fluorinated acrylic acid heptyl ester and/or fluorinated acid heptyl ester, the acrylic acid monomer is methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, the initiator is azo-bis-iso-butyrynitrile, benzoyl peroxide and/or azo-bis-isoheptonitrile, and the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, toluene and/or chloroform..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iodide compound is sodium iodide, potassium iodide or lithium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vinyl monomer is 4-vinyl pyridine. The acrylic ester monomer is methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, fluorinated acrylic acid heptyl ester, methacrylic acid or fluoro-heptyl ester. The solvent is ethanol, toluene, chloroform, or acetone. The initiator is azodiisobutyronitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves refining and vacuum drying resultant product. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of poly (vinylpyridine acrylate) poly (vinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene) polymer compound to iodide/triiodide redox couple electrolyte solution is 1:1-3. The mass ratio of vinyl monomer to acrylic ester monomer to initiator to poly (vinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene) to solvent is 1:2-8:0.03-0.2:2-36:5-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The vinyl resin is polyethylene or polyethylene as polyolefin resin, mass of the raw material vinyl resin 9-10 times of the master batch, and polyolefin resin containing polyethylene with middle density comprising blend of polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The master batch comprises 88-90 pts. wt. medium density polyethylene, 8-10 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 0.5-0.8 pts. wt. ultraviolet light absorbent, 0.05-0.15 pts. wt. antioxidant, and 0.05-0.2 pts. wt. Chinese blister beetle. The other auxiliary agent comprises lubricant and processing modifying agent; the lubricant is polyethylene wax; and processing modifying agent is oleic acid amide. The ultraviolet light absorbent is hindered amine light stabilizer, triazine light stabilizer and benzophenone light stabilizer, in mass ratio of 2:2:1. The polyethylene or polyolefin resin and ultraviolet light absorber has weight ratio of 100:0.3-100:0.9; and weight ratio of ultraviolet light absorber and antioxidant is 3:1-16:1. Preferred Process: The plasma modification comprises carrying out activation process of polyethylene film surface into surface treatment device rotationally spraying plasma.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic carrier comprises 3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate and terpineol and solid cellulose polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanosilver particle of 80-95 wt.% has the particle size of 100-200 nm, and the nanosilver particle of 5-20 wt.% has the particle size of 1-100 nm. The glass frit is metal particle made of zinc lead, tin, indium, manganese, cobalt, palladium or nickel. The dispersing agent, antifoaming agent, smoothed agent and antioxidant are selectively added with the ink, where the ink is printed using gravure, screen, offset, aero-jet or ink jet printing process. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The photoelectric device comprises molecular diodes having anionic group, poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer and a cationic group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive fibril bundle further contains iodine. The conductive thin film comprises islands of oriented ionic dipoles spaced 10 A or more apart. The oriented ionic dipoles have anionic group and cationic group. Preferred Properties: The polyacetylene polymer blocks have length of 10 A or more. The thin film has conductivity of 1 S/cm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hybrid organic/inorganic interlayer comprises metal alkoxides, and alucone, zircone or titanicone. The metal oxide is aluminum oxide. The coating comprises silicon oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, molybdenum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, niobium oxide, silicon nitride (SiNx), and aluminum nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises fluoroethylene propylene, heat-stabilized polyethylene naphthalate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, perfluoroalkoxy copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyethersulfone, and polycylic olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The cooperating surfaces include at least one recess portion, where the edge portions of the first and second openings are compressively sealed to at least one of the recess portions. The electronics housing sidewall includes an extended portion that extends up to one-half the height of the battery housing and overlaps the fourth water tight seal. The elastomeric keypad comprises an elastomeric material having a Shore A hardness of 50-100 Angstrom . The electronics housing and the battery housing are: indexed and capable of joining together in only one configuration; and formed of a polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is not a gelled electrolyte. The concentration of the electrode stabilizing additive is 0.001-10 wt.%. The negative electrode is lithium. The air positive electrode further comprises an additive to assist the reduction of oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium air cell further comprises: a siloxane carbonate co-solvent; an electrode stabilizing additive that can be oxidized or polymerized on the surface of a positive electrode, or can be reduced or polymerized on the surface of a negative electrode; and a crosslinking agent, a monofunctional monomeric compound, and a radical reaction initiator. The lithium salt is electrochemically and chemically stable in the presence of oxygen. The lithium salt comprises perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluorooxalatophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium alkyl fluorophosphates and/or lithium fluorine containing compound of formula (LiCF3CO2), (LiC2F5CO2), (LiPF2(C2O4)2), (LiC(CF3SO2)3), (LiN(SO2C2F5)2), (Li(C2O4)2), (LiBF2C2O4), (Li2B12X12-pHp) or (Li2B10X10-yHy). The concentration of the lithium salt is 0.01-2 M. The additive is cobalt phthalocyanine, manganese(III) oxide, manganese oxide of formula (MnOx), cobalt oxide of formula (CoOx) or (Co3O4), platinum, platinum ruthenium complex of formula (Pt1xRux), lanthanum complex of formula (La1xCaxCoO3), nickel cobalt complex of formula (NiCo2O4), lead(II) ruthenium complex of formula (Pb2Ru2Pb1xO1y) and/or sodium platinum complex of formula (NaxPt3O4).X = OH, F, Cl, or Br;p = 0, 1-12;y = 0-10; andx = 0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-solvent is 1-1-trimethylsiloxaneyl-ethyl ethylene carbonate. The poly(ethylene oxide) solvent is present in an amount of 5-95 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoactive composition includes a p-type semiconductor layer formed of cadmium indium gallium diselenide and an n-type semiconductor layer formed of cadmium sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sodium-containing silica has size of 1-100 nm. The metal substrate has a thickness of 25-200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polyimide is copolymerized of aromatic diamine and aromatic dianhydride. The aromatic diamine includes at least one chemical structure consisting of benzene-1,4-diamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline, 3-(4-aminophenoxy)aniline, 2-methyl-2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine and 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline. The aromatic dianhydride includes at least one chemical structure consisting of isobenzofuro(5,6-c)furan-1,3,5,7-tetraone, 5,5'-biisobenzofuran-1,1',3,3'-tetraone, 5,5'-oxydiisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 5,5'-sulfonyldiisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, and 5,5'-(perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl)diisobenzofuran-1,3-dione. The composite layer has a thickness of 5-20 mu m and surface roughness of less than or equal to 10 nm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device comprises an electron donor and an electron acceptor. The electron donor is a polymer or a small molecule semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron donor is a tetrabenzoporphyrin compound of formula (Ic), a phthalocyanine compound of formula (Id), a metal containing tetrabenzoporphyrin compound of formula (Ie), a metal containing phthalocyanine compound of formula (If), and/or their derivatives. The electron acceptor is a fullerene with lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level lower than that of (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The electron acceptor is a fullerene derivative of formula (Ig).M = Cu, Zn, Ti, Al or In.Preferred Process: The process further comprises halogenation of (Ia) or performing polymerization reactions on (Ib) with the aromatic unit to make a composition of matter. The elimination reaction comprises a reduction and dehalogenation of (Ia). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flaked conductor is a metal comprising nickel, platinum, gold, palladium, tungsten, titanium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium or their composite. The REDOX couple comprises I3-/I-, Co+++/Co++, Fe+++/Fe++, Cu++/Cu+, Ag+/Ag, thiolate/disulphide, ferrocinium/ferrocene, and/or ferricyanide/ferrocyanide. The first conductive layer comprises at least one transparent conductive oxides chosen from indium tin oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, cadmium stannate, zinc oxide, doped indium tin oxide, doped indium oxide, doped tin oxide, doped cadmium stannate, doped zinc oxide, and/or fluorine doped tin oxide. The metal oxide semiconductor is chosen from titanium dioxide, tungsten trioxide, tin dioxide, zinc oxide, strontium titanate, niobium monoxide or niobium pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dye comprises at least one binding groups chosen from carboxylate groups, cyano groups, phosphate groups, oximes, dioximes, hydroxy quinolines, salicylates, and alpha -keto-enolates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder comprises a polymer having ethylene and (meth)acrylic acid repeat units; or the reaction product of polymer and a crosslinker. The polymer comprises at least one reactive groups chosen from an ester, an alcohol, a phenol, an amine, an amide, an imide, or a carboxylic acid; and the crosslinker is an epoxy phenolic novolak resin, an epoxy cresylic novolak resin, an epoxy bisphenol A resin, an epoxy bisphenol A novolak resin, an epoxy bisphenol C resin, an alkylolmethyl melamine resin, an alkylolmethyl glycoluril resin, an alkylolmethyl guanamine resin, an alkylomethyl benzo-guanamine resin, a glycosyl urea resin, or an alkyd resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first monomers include monomers containing epoxy groups as the cross-linking groups. The second monomers include non-ionic monomers, cationic monomers and anionic monomers. The polymerization initiator is silane coupling agent. The polymerization initiation group is polymerized in atom transfer radical polymerization. The linkage degree of the polymers to the surface of the mother particle is 0.01-0.5 chains/nm2. Preferred Method: In the second process, the cross-linking groups are linked via the cross-linking agent prior to the polymerization of the second monomers. EXAMPLE - The electrophoretic particle exhibits stable electrification, migratory and dispersion properties for a long time in the electrophoretic dispersed liquid, enhances adhesion strength of the polymer to the mother particle to enhance durability of the electrophoretic particle, and has high performance and reliability.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A material for the filler layer is selected from a group consisting of boron nitride, graphite, carbon black, and aluminum nitride or compound of two or more selected from among them.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is used as a material for the high-polymer matrix layers. A material for the high-polymer matrix layers is selected form a group consisting of polyolefin-based, polyurethane-based, polystyrene-based, and polyamide-based materials or compound of them. The styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) is used as a material for the high-polymer matrix layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of hydroscopic agent is 20-60 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyisobutylene. The content of filler is 50-200 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyisobutylene. The filler comprises talc, kaolin clay and/or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silane-modified polyolefin is 15-45 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyisobutylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electron beam cured resin comprises epoxy acrylate resin, urethane acrylate resin and polysiloxane acryl composite resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluorine resin sheet is selected from a tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene-fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro alkylvinyl-ether copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin, and tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The water-vapor-permeation rate of surface protection sheet and sealing material laminate at 40 degrees C and 90 %RH is 80% or less than the water-vapor-permeation rate of sealing material and water-vapor-permeation rate of moisture proof film calculated by (WTR(A)x WTR(B)) divide by (WTR(A)+WTR(B)). Preferred Layer: The moisture proof film has weather-resistance film, flexible film and inorganic layer, and sealing agent (a) in order from the exposure side. Preferred Process: The sealing material is laminated on the base film side of the moisture proof film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The single nano materials comprise cryptomelane type manganese oxide or tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The self-adaptive coupling feature comprises a mechanical actuator that is configured to be thermally induced by absorbing the long wavelength light component and to be reversible, a transparent elastomer, and at least a reflecting prism, where at least one reflecting prism is arranged between the mechanical actuator and the transparent elastomer, and where the mechanical actuator and the transparent elastomer are arranged such that the mechanical actuator when thermally induced presses the transparent elastomer against the light guide to induce at least one prism to couple the short wavelength light component into the light-guide. At least one prism is coated with a dichroic beam splitter that is configured to separate the solar light into: the short wavelength light component, and the long wavelength light component. The mechanical actuator comprises a phase- change material that produces a volume expansion when the long wavelength component is absorbed, and the phase-change is obtained through focusing of the long wavelength light component by at least one lens. When the system is exposed to the sun during a movement of the sun, the sun's movement induces a lateral movement in the self-adaptive coupling feature's location allowing for efficient coupling independent of the sun's incidence angle. The mechanical actuator further comprises an infrared absorber, where the infrared absorber comprises carbon black. Preferred Components: The phase-changes material comprises paraffin, salt hydrates and eutectic compounds. The transparent elastomer is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The twin-screw extruder has vent port(s) (16A,16B). The vent pressure is controlled to 1.333-1333 Pa. The moisture content of terminal blocker and polyester resin supplied to the extruder is 10-100 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The volume resistivity of light-receiving surface side sealing layer is 1x 1013 to 1x 1018 ~o.cm measured at 100 degrees C under applied voltage of 500 V based on JIS K6911. The thickness of sealing layer is 1 cm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealing layer crosslinks the resin composition containing an ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer, and forms. The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer contains 80-90 mol% structural unit derived from ethylene, and 10-20 mol% structural unit derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin. Preferred Properties: The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer has melt flow rate of 0.1-50 g/10 minutes measured at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg based on ASTM D1238, density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 measured based on ASTM D1505 and Shore A hardness of 60-85 measured based on ASTM D2240.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reinforced and non-reinforced plastics are made from one or combination of polycarbonate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester and semi-crystalline polyester while the filled plastic is consists of glass fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The core layer comprises preferably 5-20 %mass inorganic filler. The inorganic filler is talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material layer is polyethylene terephthalate resin. The sealing material used in the solar cell module is polyethylene-type resin or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic cell compound is anthraquinone, coumarin, benzocoumarin, xanthene, benzo (a) xanthene, benzo (b) xanthene, benzo (c) xanthene, phenoxazine, benzo (b) phenoxazine, benzo (c) phenoxazine, napthalimide, naphtholactam, aziactone, methine, oxazine, thiazine, perylene, quinacridone benzoxanthene, thiourea epindoline, lactamimide, diphenylmaleimide, acetoacetamide, imidazothiazine, benzanthrone, perylenmonoimide, perylene, phthalimide, benzotriazole, pyrimidines, pyrazine, triazole, dibenzofuran or triazine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric layers are made of polyolefin, ionomer, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, Teflon (RTM: PTFE), poly methyl methacrylate or polyamide materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is made of steel, aluminum or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio (O/Si) of silicon and oxygen in silicon-oxide thin film is 1.6-2.0, which is measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thickness of silicon-oxide thin film is 5-300 nm. The gas barrier laminated material further comprises an anchor-coat layer between the base material and silicon-oxide thin film. The silicon-oxide thin film is laminated on the surface of base material by reactive-ion-etching process. The reactive-ion-etching process is performed by using gas, which is chosen from argon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anchor-coat layer is chosen from polyester resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin and oxazoline group containing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diisocyanate is non-yellowing-type diisocyanate. The hardenable coating composition further contains epoxy resin, antioxidant, optical stabilizer, polycarbonate resin and carbodiimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin containing hydroxyl group is acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin and resin chosen from fluororesin. Preferred Property: The resin containing hydroxyl group has glass transition temperature of 20-110 degrees C measured by differential scanning calorimetry method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin-made frame segments corresponds to a fourth buffer portion of main buffer portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average aspect ratio of titanium dioxide particles having average short-axis length of 0.1-1 mu m and average long-axis length of 1.5-5 mu m is 1.5-50. The mixture (E) is chosen from talc, mica, sericite and hydrotalcite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyolefin resin layer is bonded with colored polyolefin resin film. The polyolefin resin layer is formed by coating the mixture containing titanium dioxide particles (E).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The plastic film has a polyolefin resin layer with melting point of 180 degrees C or less, and a fluorine resin layer having melting point of 180 degrees C or less. The surface protection sheet (b) has a moisture-proof film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is hydrophilic property filler and water-containing silicon dioxide. The amount of fillers is 3-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polyethylene-type resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin is ethylene and random copolymer with 3-20C ( alpha ) olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The moisture absorption layer of sealing portion is comprised with desiccant chosen from oxide of alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, hydroxide of alkali metal and hydroxide of alkaline-earth metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Melting point of propylene-based resin is 160-170 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The thermoplastic resin layer contains copolymer of co-monomer chosen from ethylene, radically polymerizable acid co-monomer, acrylic-ester co-monomer, methacrylic-ester co-monomer and carboxylic acid vinyl-ester co-monomer. The polar group is carboxyl, carboxylic anhydride, alkoxycarbonyl and/or acyloxy group. The reinforcing material is reinforcing fiber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of vanadium, niobium, tantalum and/or boron is 0.1-10 mol% with respect to titanium. The titanium oxide structure has specific surface area is 10 m2/g or more, average width of 20 nm or more, average length of 1 mu m or more along longitudinal direction and alkali-metal content of 2000 ppm or less. The substance (A) is titanium oxide and/or its precursor. The substance (B) is oxide, hydroxide, alkoxide or chloride of vanadium, niobium, tantalum and/or boron. The alkali contains 50 wt.% or more sodium hydroxide. The method further involves contacting product with water, acid and ion-exchange resin, before heat processing. The acid is chosen from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, formic acid and oxalic acid. The porous titanium oxide film contains titanium-oxide microparticles with average particle diameter of 1-500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The spherical filler spreads in one layer on the surface layer of the polyimide film, and adheres.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide film further contains 0.2-5 %mass ultrafine particles pyrogenic silica. The coating amount of polyimide precursor solution is 1-30 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Bis(4-hydroxy-3-bromophenyl)sulfone is reacted with sultone in presence of inorganic base, to obtain diphenylsulfone compound. Preferred Composition: The metal complex is nickel complex or palladium complex, preferably nickel complex obtained using bis(cyclooctadiene) nickel (0) and 2,2'-bipyridyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte is a block copolymer containing block (a) including repeating unit (III), and block (b) which does not contain ion exchange group in a principal chain. The block (b) is formula: -(((Ar1-B1)b-Ar2-C1-((Ar3-B2)c-Ar4-C2)d)n-(Ar1-B1)e-AR2)- (IV). A portion other than the proton-acid group of the polymer electrolyte contains crosslinked structure which is crosslinked by crosslinking agent.Ar1-Ar4=bivalent aryl;B1,B2=optionally bivalent coupling group or bivalent aryl, B1 and B2 are not coupled directly;C1,C2=oxygen or sulfur;b,c,d,e=0 or 1;andn=5 or more.Preferred Property: The ion exchange capacity of the polymer electrolyte is 0.5-4 mEq/g or less. EXAMPLE - 4.5 g Bis(4-hydroxy-3-bromophenyl)sulfone was added into a 200 mL flask, and dissolved in 80 mL ethanol. 0.96 g Sodium hydroxide was added into resultant mixture, and stirred at 80 degrees C for 30 minutes. 2.86 g 1,3- propane sultone was added into resultant mixture, and stirred at 80 degrees C for 20 hours. The resultant mixture was filtered, obtained solid was washed using water/ethanol solution, and dried under reduced pressure, to obtain diphenylsulfone compound with yield of 86%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The oligomer or polymer of component (A) is obtained by polymerizing 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol monovinyl ether, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, vinyl alcohol, glycidyl acrylate, glycidylmethacrylate, monoallyl diglycidyl isocyanurate, triglycidyl isocyanurate, diglycidyl terephthalate, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether, resorcinol diglycidyl ether, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diglycidyl, bisphenol A diglycidyl and/or bisphenol F diglycidyl. The acidic-gas diffusion suppression film formation composition further contains acid acceptor and a solvent. The acidic-gas diffusion suppression film is provided between a glass substrate and sealing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnet of one or more pairs of south-north-pole is neodymium magnet. The aluminum oxide is of formula: AlOx,x=1.3-1.9.. Preferred Process: A protective layer (103) is obtained by adding mixed solution containing metal alkoxide and a water-soluble molecule to the gas barrier layer, and heat-drying. A nylon film and a sealant film are bonded through an adhesive agent on the gas-barrier film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The plastic film (100) is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of first polymer to second polymer is 5:95-50:50. The first polymer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE, fluorinated vinylidene- hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride, and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer. The second polymer comprises (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent resin is an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic copolymer. The ratio of unsaturated carboxylic acid of the ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is 3-20 wt.%. The melt flow rate of the transparent resin is 0.3-3 g/minute. The resin sheet contains ethylene-glycidylmethacrylate copolymer comprising 4-70 wt.% epoxy group(s) derived from glycidylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is silane compound, amine compound, fatty acid and/or polyol. The content of organic compound is 0.05-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. layered composite metal compound or its baked product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic-solvent solution contains 3-20 pts. wt. silane coupling agent with respect to 100 pts. wt. isopropanol. The silane coupling agent has hydrolyzable silicon as functional group (f1) and functional group (f2) having reactivity with hydroxyl group. The functional group (f2) is chosen from epoxy group, isocyanate group, hydrolyzable silicon group, thiol group and/or amino group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The protection component in the solar cell module is laminated on the light-receiving surface side of the protection sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The energy-beam hardenable functional group is chosen from epoxy group, ether group, ester group and ethylenically unsaturated bond, preferably ethylenically unsaturated bond. The composition (A) further contains ultraviolet absorber, and compound (B) having hydroxyl group and reactive group. The reactive group is isocyanate group. Preferred Properties: The hydroxyl value of the fluorine-containing polymer having hydroxyl group is 15-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The thickness of the fluorine resin layer is 2-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material contains film containing polyester-based resin. The protection sheet further has intervening layer (13) provided between the base material and fluorine resin layer. The intervening layer has contact bonding layer having adhesiveness with respect to base material and/or fluorine resin layer, and metallic material layers chosen from vapor deposition layer and metal sheet. The energy-beam hardenable functional group in the fluorine-containing polymer has reactivity with hydroxyl group in the compound (B). Preferred Process: The non-hardened layer is obtained by drying coating liquid layer including coating liquid containing fluorine-containing polymer having energy-beam hardenable functional group, polymerization initiator and compound (B) and heating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material sheet has melt flow rate of 0.08 g/10 minutes or more and less than 1 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg load according to JIS K7210. The polyethylene-type resin is a metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene, and contains silane copolymer formed by copolymerizing alpha -olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as comonomer. The sealing material composition optionally contains 0.015 %mass or more and less than 0.5 %mass crosslinking agent. The content of triaryl isocyanurate is 5-30 times the content of crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The content of contact bonding layer with respect to 100 parts mass polyester polyol resin is 5-30 parts mass epoxy resins. The adhesive agent contains 5-30 parts mass polycarbonate polyol, epoxy resin, 1-10 parts mass carbodiimide compounds and 10-30 parts mass polyisocyanate compound. The polyvinyl acetal layer contains inorganic-type pigment. The polyvinyl acetal layer contains resin. The resin is polyvinyl butyral resin. The polyvinyl acetal layer of base material layer, at least one layer of weatherproofing and ultravioletblocking resin layers contain ultraviolet absorber on the opposite side to the side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Both electron-donating high molecular compound and electron-accepting high molecular compound contain one or more types of linkage of repeating units chosen from bivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group and bivalent heterocyclic group. The weight average molecular weight of electron-donating high molecular compound and electron-accepting high molecular compound is each of 80000 or more by polystyrene conversion. At least one high molecular compound contains repeating unit having thiophene structure of formula (I). The number of repeating units (I) in high molecular compound is more with respect to total number of repeating units.R1-R6=H or substituent, and two groups are coupled to form cyclic structure;X1-X3=sulfur, oxygen, selenium, -N(R7)- or -CR8=CR9-;R7-R9=R1;andm,n=0-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Both electron-donating high molecular compound and electron-accepting high molecular compound contain one or more types of linkage of repeating units chosen from arylene group and bivalent heterocyclic group. The weight average molecular weight of electron-donating high molecular compound and electron-accepting high molecular compound is each of 1000-18000 by polystyrene conversion. At least one high molecular compound contains repeating unit having thiophene structure of formula (I). The number of repeating units (I) in high molecular compound is more with respect to total number of repeating units.R1-R6=H or substituent, and two groups are coupled to form cyclic structure;X1-X3=sulfur, oxygen, selenium, -N(R7)- or -CR8=CR9-;R7-R9=R1;andm,n=0-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The multilayered-structure further has contact bonding layer between base material layer and polyvinyl acetal layer. The polyvinyl acetal layer comprises 5-30 %mass white pigment. Preferred Properties: The viscosity average polymerization degree of polyvinyl acetal in the polyvinyl acetal layer is 400-3000. The thickness of the polyvinyl acetal layer is 0.001-0.24 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is methyl ethyl ketone, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate. The solvent is a solvent which dissolves 10-40 g acryl layers with respect to 100 g solvent. The additional amounts by which coating liquid for protective layers is coated on acryl layer are 1-17 g/m2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protective layer is a layer coated with coating liquid. The protective layer contains polysiloxane compound which is alkyl trialkoxysilane hydrolyzate, preferably methyl trialkoxysilane hydrolyzate and mixture of polymethyl siloxane oligomer. The protective layer contains UV absorber which is metal oxide particle having absorption maximum wavelength in 250-300 nm. Preferred Parameters: The thickness of mixed interlayer of protective layer and acryl layer is 0.1-5 mu m. The thickness of protective layer is 1-5 mu m. The functional film has reflection layer with thickness of 30-200 nm, preferably 0.1-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bonding agent is made from polyvinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene copolymer or polyfluortetraethylene material. The conductive film is made of indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, indium-doped zinc oxide, tin oxide and aluminum-doped materials. The electrically conductive thin film is made from porous nanometer colloid kernel of titanium dioxide material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and the second film is made of EVA or PVB.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The magnetic element further comprises a hydrogen-absorbing material different from the magnetic material. The magnetic material is a hydrogen absorbing material. The magnetic element has substrate and coating containing polymer, ion exchange polymer or conducting polymer, Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) polymer and/or its derivative, octadecyltrimethylammonium-bromideNafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer) or alkyl ammonium-modified Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer). The magnetic element comprises lead and/or its alloy, or AB2 or AB5 material. The magnetic material comprises iron(II) oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, neodymium magnet, samarium-cobalt magnet (SmCo5, Sm2Co17, Sm2Co7), lanthanum-samarium-nickel-cobalt magnet (La0.9Sm0.1Ni2C03), and/or titanium-zirconium-vanadium-nickel-chromium magnet (Ti0.51Zr0.49V0.70Ni1.18Cr0.12), preferably iron(II,III) oxide, neodymium magnet and samarium-cobalt magnet. The magnetic material further comprises magnetic particles containing iron(II,III) oxide magnetic core and (-Si-CH3) protective coating. The magnetic element is an electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thickness distribution of conductive layer is 0.1-10%. The conductive layer contains organic-type electroconductive agent. Preferred Property: The thickness of conductive layer is 0.01-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester support contains polyester layer containing polyester component as a main component. The polyester component contains polyester composition containing 0.1-10 %mass terminal blocker with respect to polyester, and 80-100 mol% 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol-type polyester and 0.1-20 mol% structures derived diol component. The terminal blocker is carbodiimide compound or cyclic carbodiimide compound. The carbodiimide compound in which the terminal blocker has carbodiimide group, and primary nitrogen and secondary nitrogen contain cyclic structure bonded with bonding group. The polyester film has adhesion layer (2) having thickness nonuniformity of 0.1-10% on the at least single surface of polyester support. Preferred Property: The molecular weight of terminal blocker is 200-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Ziegler-Natta catalyst comprises titanium chloride, preferably titanium trichloride or titanium tetrachloride and a dialkyl aluminum. The Ziegler-Natta catalyst is titanium trichloride-aluminum chloride reduced and the dialkyl aluminum is diethyl aluminum. The Ziegler-Natta catalyst comprises a component comprising metallocene catalysts and non-metallocene organometallic catalysts.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The process of preparing the fuel cell component further comprises incorporating (II) into a gas barrier layer or a piezoelectric device. Preferred Definitions:    R = CF3, CF2CF3, CF2CF2Br, (CF2)6F, C12F25, CH2OCH2(CF2)CF3, CH2OCH2(CF2)4H, CH2OCH2C7F15, CH2OCF2CHFCF3, CH2C(CF3)2O-SiMe3, CH2C6F6, CH2OCH2CF2CF2H or CH2OCF2CF2SO2F.    EXAMPLE - To 8-fluid ounce beverage bottle stoppered with a red Suba-seal septum was added 40 ml of toluene, 14.4 g of 25 wt.% of diethylaluminum chloride in toluene, 1.8 g of titanium trichloride, aluminum reduced and 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene. After 16 hours, the contents of the bottle were added to 500 ml of methanol using a Waring blender. The solids were isolated by filtration, washed with 500 ml of water and then washed with 500 ml of methanol using a Waring blender. After filtration and vacuum drying, white, crystalline chunks of 65.3% of poly(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene were obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon powder is pressed at 10-30 degrees C and a pressure of 1500-2500 barr for 1-2 hours. The pulverizing step is carried out at a speed of more than 10000 revolution per minute. The pulverized carbon powder and silicone are mixed at a weight ratio of 90:10-70:30. The compounding step is performed by a planetary mill. The carbon/silicon composite has a spherical shape and a size of 5-15?.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent comprises ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or hydroxyl poly cellulose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide semiconductor fine particles are made of titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, niobium oxide, ferric oxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, lead(II) sulfide, bismuth sulfide, cadmium selenide or cadmium telluride. The porous film made of oxide semiconductor fine particles is sensitized with the dye and one or more further dyes, which are metal. The complex dye and/or an organic dye is indoline, courmarin, cyanine, merocyanine, hemicyanine, methin, azo, quinone, quinonimine, diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole, quinacridone, squaraine, triphenylmethane, perylene, indigo, xanthene, eosin or rhodamine. The dye is adsorbed together with an additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is an adsorbent, preferably a steroid, a crown ether, a cyclodextrine, a calixarene, a polyethyleneoxide, a hydroxamic acid or a hydroxamic acid derivative. Preferred Definitions:    RF10-RF13 = pentafluorophenyl;    R29 = CH2COOH;    Y1- = BF4-, B(C6F5)4-, PF6- or SbF6-; and    n = 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin matrix includes epoxy resin, and acrylic copolymers such as Nanostrength (RTM: Acrylic copolymer block).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin multilayer film contains layer (a) containing polypropylene resin, and layer (b) containing polypropylene resin and polyethylene-type resin. The polypropylene resin of the layer (a) is homopolypropylene. The polyethylene-type resin of the layer (b) is mixed resin of linear low-density polyethylene and high-pressure low-density polyethylene. The polypropylene resin of layer (b) is ethylene-propylene random copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat bondable resin is chosen from acid-modified polyolefin, silane modification polyolefin, ionomer, and ethylene-(meth)acrylic-acid copolymer. The fluorine resin sheet contains fluorine resin which is chosen from tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene-fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro alkylvinyl-ether copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The protective layer has emboss shape in the surface which contacts the adhesion sealing layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resins are hydrogenated bisphenol-type epoxy resin, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins and preferably bisphenol-A type epoxy resin. Resin containing hydroxyl group is acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, and fluorine resins. The hardenable coating composition further contains antioxidant and/or optical stabilizer, and polycarbonate resin and/or the carbodiimide compound. Preferred Parameters: The resin containing hydroxyl group has hydroxyl value of 1-200 mgKOH/g, glass transition temperature of 30-110 degrees C in differential scanning calorimetry process, and number average molecular weight of 5000-50000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive-electrode material contains alkali metal oxide chosen from alkali metal oxide of formula: AMO2 (I), AM2O4 (II), A2MO3 (III) and AMB'O4 (IV).A=alkali metal;M=transition metal or non-transition metal;andB'=P or Si.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (c3) is 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethyl phenol, 1,6-hexanediol-bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), 2,4-bis(n-octylthio)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, tetrakis(methylene-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate)methane, 2,2-thio-diethylene-bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, N,N'-hexamethylene-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy hydrocinnamamide), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonate diethylester, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate or isooctyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate. The electrolytic salt compound comprises lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) and/or lithium pentafluoroethylsulfonimide. The polymer electrolyte further contains aprotic organic solvent chosen from ether and ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The iron precursor is iron sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate or iron sulfamate. Preferred Property: The substrate has surface roughness of 0.05-0.1 mu m. The chromium layer has thickness of 0.1-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphor consists of (calcium, strontium) sulfur:bismuth, (zinc, cadmium)sulfur:copper, zinc sulfide:copper, (potassium fluoride, magnesium fluoride):manganese, (zinc, magnesium)fluorine:manganese, and strontium aluminate:europium:dysprosium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The phosphor is present in an amount of 1-30 pts. wt., and includes polyester, polyacrylate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride resin. The polymer resin layer or film includes homologous or heterologous binder, curing agent and other additives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first electrode is indium tin oxide. The second electrode is calcium and/or aluminum, where the calcium layer is 7-9 nm and the aluminum layer is 60-80 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the blend, (I) and the electron accepting moiety are present at a ratio of 3:7 wt/wt. The electron accepting moiety is (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. EXAMPLE - 100 mg Tetranitro-octaethyl porphyrin was dissolved in 50 ml anhydrous dichloromethane and treated with 360 mg magnesium bromide ethyl etherate and 0.5 ml anhydrous triethylamine. The mixture was magnetically stirred for 1 hour in inert atmosphere. The obtained mixture was washed with aqueous 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. The dichloromethane solution was then dried with sodium sulfate and evaporated to dryness to obtain magnesium (tetranitro-octaethyl porphyrin) (Q1). Then 25 mg (Q1) was dissolved in 10 ml dichloromethane and 3.5 mg of 4-cyano pyridine was added and stirred for 15 minutes. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was dried and recrystallized from dichloromethane-hexane mixture to obtain 1-(magnesium(tetranitro-octaethylporphyrin)-4-(magnesium(tetranitro-octaethylporphyrin)cyano))pyridine (yield 53%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The junction box is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonization of the compound occurs at 700 degrees C for 2 hours in nitrogen atmosphere. The heat treatment of the mesoporous carbon is performed by introducing ordered mesoporous carbon material in an electric oven. The electric oven is sealed and oxygen is removed from inside the oven. The metal is selected from ruthenium, rhenium, osmium, molybdenum, tin, chromium, nickel, rhodium, iridium, tungsten, cobalt, palladium or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silica precursor is tetraethyl orthosilicate. The calcination is carried out at 500 degrees C for 5 hours in nitrogen atmosphere. The carbon precursor is selected from a furan resin and a mixture of resorcinol and formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Substituted styrene and maleic anhydride reacted in presence of nitric oxide gas as catalyst and polymerization inhibitor. The obtained reaction liquid is cooled. Acetonitrile and toluene are added to the cooled reaction liquid and dissolved. The obtained liquid is cooled and separated, to obtain fluorine-containing alicyclic dianhydride compound (I). The substituted styrene is 4-chlorostyrene or 4-chloro- alpha -methylstyrene. Preferred Composition: The polymerization initiator is phenol compound chosen from hydroquinone, resorcinol, 2-methylhydroquinone, 2,5-dimethylhydroquinone and 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, preferably 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone. The molar ratio of substituted styrene, maleic anhydride and polymerization initiator is 1-2.5:1:0.005-0.005, preferably 1.5-2:1:0.001-0.002. The compound (III) is chosen from 9 compound e.g. 4-octyloxy-1,3-diaminobenzene, 4-nonyloxy-1,3- diaminobenzene, 4-decyloxy-1,3-diaminobenzene, 4-dodecyloxy-1,3-diaminobenzene and 4-hexadecyloxy-1,3-diaminobenzene. The solvent is chosen from m-cresol, N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl acetamide, 1,4-butyrolactone and dimethyl sulfoxide, preferably N-methyl pyrrolidone or dimethyl acetamide. The molar ratio of diamine compound and fluorine-containing alicyclic dianhydride compound (I) is 0.95-1.05:1, preferably 0.98-1.02:1. The total amount of the diamine compound and fluorine-containing alicyclic dianhydride compound (I) is 5-30 %mass, preferably 15-20 %mass. The flatting agent is chosen from ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, preferably ethylene glycol monobutyl ether or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of the polyamide film is 80-200 nm, preferably 100-150 nm.
Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=one or more of 18 groups of formula, e.g. formula (i)-(iii);    n=1-10000;    x, y=0-1; or    x+y=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal oxide shell contains organic polymer, poly-dimethyl siloxane, gold and silver alloy, molybdenum alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy, molybdenum alloy, silver alloy, silver-copper alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, gold, silver, aluminum and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Cathode is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating bottom film is made of soluble PTFE/PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The dielectric substance layers are respectively made of silicon oxide or silicon-di-oxide and silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The block copolymers are di-block (preferred), triblock or multiblock type block copolymers, and includes a homopolymer in each blocks. The conjugated polymer is a derivative of thiophene, preferably 3-alkyl-thiophene or 3-hexyl thiophene and has a molecular mass by weight of 1000-50000 g/mole. The block of polymeric polyelectrolyte comprises styrene-styrene sulfonate copolymer, and has a molecular weight of 1000-500000 g/mole. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae includes Chlorella, Houttuynia cordata, Scenedesmus, golden alga, Haematococcus, and Synechocystis. The photosynthetic bacteria include Rhodospirillum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The photosynthetic bacteria and microalgae are harvested by using membrane separation or centrifugation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The anode chamber and the cathode chamber are made of toughened glass, organic glass, PVC transparent plate, polycarbonate/PVC transparent sheet, and acryl board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode and the cathode are made of carbon cloth, carbon felt, carbon paper, graphite plate, stainless steel, titanium, carbon and biomass material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate film is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The leveling agent is fluorine-type leveling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surface of fluorine resin layer is pure water. The fluorine resin layer contains ultraviolet absorber. Preferred Property: The contact angle of the surface is 100 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating liquid contains ultraviolet absorber. The inorganic oxide is silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of fluororesin filler is 0.5-20 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of fluororesin filler is 1-40 %mass with respect to total content fluororesin. The fluororesin filler is polymer of tetrafluoroethylene. The fluorine resin layer is formed on both surfaces of the transparent base material. Preferred Process: The polyethylene terephthalate film in which the inorganic oxide is vapor-deposited, is laminated on the back surface of the transparent base material. The polyethylene terephthalate film in which the inorganic oxide is vapor-deposited, is laminated on one side of the fluorine resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Thin film contains fullerene compound as electronic acceptor. Preferred Parameters: UV visible absorption spectrum of thin film shows maximum absorption wavelength ( lambda max) at greater than or equal to 750 nm. Preferred Definitions:    R 1, R 2=4-14C alkyl group;    R 3, R 4=H or 1-3C alkyl group;    ring X=trivalent group of formula (X1), (X2), or (X3);    ring Yx=bivalent group of formula (Y1), (Y2), or (Y3);    Z 1, Z 2=5- or 6-membered N-containing heterocyclic ring;    R 19=1-16C hydrocarbon group;    R 9, R 10=substituent, 1-3C alkyl group, -O-R 11, or -N(-R 12)-R 13;    R 11-R 12, R 17-R 18=H or 1-16C hydrocarbon group;    R 13=1-16C hydrocarbon group;    p2=0-4;    q1, q2=0-3;    R 15, R 16=substituent, 1-3C alkyl group, -O-R 17, or -N(-R 18)-R 19;    R 8, R 14=4-16C alkyl group;    p1=0-2;    R 9a-R 9d=H, 1-16C hydrocarbon group, -O-R 11, or -N(-R 12)-R 13;    R 15a-R 15d=H, 1-16C hydrocarbon group, -O-R 17, or -N(-R 18)-R 19; and    n=11-100.    .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The modified layer (20) is a porous layer having an average hole diameter smaller than the average hole diameter of space of porous structure, or nonporous layer. The thickness of modified layer is 1000 nm or less. Both surfaces of the porous structure are modified. The porous structure consists of mesopores having a hole diameter of 1 nm to 1 mu m in the skeleton.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The modification compound and compound in membranous porous structure have a reactive functional group. The porous structure contains an ionic liquid in the space.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The membranous porous structure consists of epoxy resin hardened material. The porous structure contains a polymer obtained by polymerizing a compatible monomer and an incompatible compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic alkali is hydrated quat.-ammonium compound, and alkali metal carbonate is sodium or potassium carbonate. Organic alkali is tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Preferred Process: The manufacturing method involves forming resist (a2) which contains a curable composition in a pattern on electroconductive layer of electroconductive material which contains silver nanowire with average short axis diameter of less than or equal to 150 nm, and 3D crosslinked structure of formula -M1-O-M1- (1) provided on a surface of base material, curing patterned resist (b2), dissolving and removing silver nanowire in the region not coated with cured resist in the electroconductive layer to form a non-conductive region (d2), and removing cured resist layer in an aqueous solution which contains organic alkali or alkali metal carbonate (e2). The process involves dissolving silver nanowire using a solution which contains solubilizing agent which contains oxidizing agent which oxidizes silver nanowire, and reacting with silver ion trapping agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin film layer further contains hydrogen atom. Preferred Property: The film thickness of thin film layer is 5 nm or more and 3000 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material consists of polyester-based resin and/or polyolefin resin. The polyester-based resin is polyethylene terephthalate and/or polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer is layer formed by coating liquid containing resin on light-incidence side opposite to the metallic reflective layer and drying. The resin of the resin layer is acrylic resin. Preferred Arrangement: The resin layer is provided on surface of light-incidence side opposite to the metallic reflective layer not via contact bonding layer for sticking the resin layer. Preferred Definitions:    R1a,R1c,R1e=H;and    at least one of R1b and R1d=H or substituent having sigma p value of Hammett rule of 0.3 or more, and other is H.    R1f is optionally OH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support is secondary self-supportive film obtained by drying secondary polyimide precursor solution. The amount of volatile material of organic material is 95 %mass or more or 5 %mass or less. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of organic material is 1-10 mu m. The elevation difference of corrugated convex portion and recessed portion formed in surface layer is 0.1-5 mu m. Preferred Condition: The maximum temperature of heating is 400-600 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material is chosen from polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid-2-ethylhexyl, polybutyl acrylate and cellulose acetate, preferably crosslinking methyl methacrylate particle and polystyrene particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is tetrahydrofuran, toluene, methyl cyclohexane and/or n-heptane. Preferred Property: The organic peroxide has 1-hour half life temperature of 160 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber material (a1) comprises ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and/or hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber with liquid rubber. The liquid rubber is liquid ethylene propylene rubber, liquid ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and/or liquid hydrogenation acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, preferably liquid ethylene propylene rubber and/or liquid ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber having ethylene content of 60 wt.% or less. The ethylene content of ethylene propylene rubber or ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber of rubber material (a2) is 60 wt.% or less. The rubber composition further contains crosslinking adjuvant. The rubber component (4a,4b) of fuel-cell sealing material contains ethylene-propylene rubber having ethylene content of 60 wt.% or less and/or ethylene-propylene diene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The base film has thickness of 0.5-25 mu m. The thickness of adhesive layer laminated on both surfaces of base film is 0.5-25 mu m. The 180 degrees tear-off adhesive force of adhesive layer with respect to gas barrier film is 2 N/25 mm or more according to JIS Z0237 (2000). The bonding layer has thickness of 75 mu m or less. The thickness of gas barrier film lamination on one surface of bonding layer is less than thickness of gas barrier film laminated on other surface. The ratio of thickness of gas barrier film laminated on one side of bonding layer and thickness of gas barrier film laminated on the other side of the joining layer is 0.05-1. At least 1 sheet of gas barrier film has another base film (1a,1b), and at least 1 gas barrier layer (2a,2b) is provided on base film (1a,1b). The gas barrier layer is formed by injecting ion into layer of polymeric silicon compound. The laminate has thickness of 100 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin is metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene. The content of radical polymerization initiator in the sealing material composition is 0.01-0.5 %mass. The polyethylene-type resin is formed by copolymerizing silane copolymer containing ( alpha )-olefin and/or ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as a comonomer. Preferred Process: The sealing material sheet is crosslinked by subjecting to ionizing radiation crosslinking treatment process by irradiation of an ionizing radiation, and cross-linked sealing material sheet by irradiation to ionizing radiation is obtianed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lamination portion contains binder, layer containing olefin-type binder, and colored layer containing color pigment. The volume fraction of the color pigment with respect to the total volume of lamination portion is 50 vol.% or less. The color pigment is a titanium oxide or carbon black. Preferred Property: The thickness of a lamination portion is 30 mm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The haze value of at a depth of 10 mm surface layer of the polyester base material is 0.5% or less. The polyester base material has haze value of 1.5-6% of total thickness. The intrinsic viscosity of the polyester base material is less than 0.85 dL/g and more than 0.65 dL/g. The binder has elasticity modulus of 5-320 MPa. Preferred Composition: The polyester base material has carbodiimide group having intrinsic viscosity is 0.5-0.9 dL/g. The polyester base material contains layer including 0.1-20 mol% cyclohexane dimethanol-type polyester with structure derived from 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol, and 80-100 mol% diol component. Preferred Process: The polyester film is currently formed when lamination portion coats the composition containing lamination portion structural component on the polyester base material. The polyester base material is formed using composition containing 0.05-20 %mass compound in which nitrogen (A) and nitrogen (B) contained in cyclic structure is bonded with bonding group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper powder contains copper nanoparticles having average particle size of 40-500 nm. The amount of amine absorbed to the copper powder is 0.5-10 wt.% with respect to total copper powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is vinylalkoxysilane, epoxy alkyl alkoxy silane, methacryloxy alkyl alkoxy silane, mercapto alkyl alkoxy silane and/or aminoalkyl alkoxysilane. The solvent is polar solvent or non-polar solvent having boiling point of 150-300 degrees C. The copper paste composition further contains 0.5-5 wt.% antioxidant having mercapto group or hydroxy group, and 1-5 wt.% mobility additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin is cellulose, polyurethane or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: In (F1), the first layer includes at least one of interpolymerized units of fluorinated monomers and non-fluorinated monomers. The third layer includes interpolymerized units of ethylene vinyl acetate. The third layer includes an olefinic polymer. The multilayer film (F1) further comprises: a tie layer between at least one of (a) the first layer and the second layer and (b) the second layer and the third layer; and an adhesive layer between at least one of (a) the first layer and the second layer and (b) the second layer and the third layer. The film (F1) includes a silane, and the silane is in at least one of the following layers: the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, a layer between the first layer and the second layer, and a layer between the second layer and the third layer. The multilayer film (F2) comprises: a fluoropolymer, where the barrier layer includes at least one of interpolymerized units of fluorinated monomers and non-fluorinated monomers. The film (F2) further comprises: a layer including an olefinic polymer, and interpolymerized units of ethylene vinyl acetate. Preferred Components: The polyethylene terephthalate has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.63, preferably at least 0.70; and less than or equal to 23 milliequivalents, preferably less than 20 milliequivalents per kilogram of acid end groups. The fluoropolymer is semi-crystalline. Preferred Method: The method further involves: attaching the multilayer film to glass; and adding an olefin layer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The backplane layer is a polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sealing film for solar cell modules provided with several films that are consists of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA) resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The flexible solar cell unit materials are surface protective layer (11), anode current collection electrode (12a), cathode current collection electrode (12b), and flexible solar cell module having current collection connector.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal sheet is chosen from Stainless steel, iron, iron alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, tungsten, and tungsten alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The stress stabilization support layer is chosen from heat-resistant polymeric sheet, polymeric sheet containing fiber fabric as core material, and metal sheet. Preferred Property: The heat-resistant polymeric sheet has tensile elasticity modulus of 1471-4903 MPa (150-500 kgf/mm2) based on JIS K7113-1995. The polymeric sheet containing fiber fabric as core material has tensile elasticity modulus of 39226.6-39226 MPa (4000-40000 kgf/mm2) based on JIS K7113-1995.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine is in form of mixed gas of fluorine gas and diluent gas. The concentration of fluorine-gas is 0.1-50 volume%. The catalyst main component has composition of formula: MCxNyOz, where M is metallic element, x is more than 0 to 7, y is more than 0 to 2 and z is more than 0 to 3. The electrode catalyst contains 0.005-0.2 mol fluorine atoms with respect to 1 mol atoms of the metallic element. The fuel cell electrode catalyst layer further contains electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of mutual adhesion inhibiting agent is 0.01-30 mu m. Preferred Composition: The surfactant is chosen from compound of formula (I), and surfactant having oxyethylene group and oxypropylene group. The surfactant is liquid at 10-50 degrees C.X=H, or -SO3;M=H, or NH4;n=1-3;andm=1-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing material further comprises organic peroxide having 1-minute half life temperature of 100-170 degrees C, silane coupling agent and additive. The content of organic peroxide and silane coupling agent is 0.1-3 pts. wt. and 0.1-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer. The additive is chosen from hindered phenol stabilizer, hindered amine light stabilizer, phosphorus stabilizer, ultraviolet absorber and crosslinking adjuvant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of fluorine element contained in the ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is 3 ppm or less, as measured by combustion method and ion chromatography. The content of aluminum element in the ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is 20 ppm or less, as measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The content of structural unit derived from ethylene in the ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is 80-90 mol%. The content of structural unit derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin in the ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer is 10-20 mol%. Preferred Properties: The ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer has melt flow rate of 0.1-50 g/10 minute, preferably 10-50 g/10 minute, more preferably 0.1-10 g/10 minute at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg based on ASTM D1238, density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 based on ASTM D1505, and Shore A hardness of 60-85 based on ASTM D2240. Preferred Process: The sealing material is obtained by mixing, melting and extrusion-molding or calendar-molding the ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer in a sheet form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The wiring pattern is provided with aluminum foil and copper foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation film is provided with sealing material resin, polypropylene and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coloring agent is carbon black. The scattering particles are titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer sheet has a layer (3) containing a binder consisting of organic polymer, an inorganic polymer or an organic and inorganic composite polymer, a coloring agent and scattering particles. The ratio of content of scattering particles and coloring agent is 1000-30000. The polymer sheet is a laminate of two or more layers, and has a polymer support (16) and a white layer (1) containing a white pigment. The vision reflectance of the front and back surface of polymer sheet differ by 3% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The radiation-curable composition further comprises (c) at least one unsaturated urethane acrylate, which does not carry isocyanate groups, (d) at least one (meth)acrylate component, and (e) at least one initiator. Preferred Components: The component (a) comprises (meth)acrylate groups. The component (a) is an isocyanate-functional urethane acrylate exhibiting an isocyanate functionality of 0.8-6. The composition is free of organic solvents having a boiling point of less than 150 degrees C. The polyol exhibits a hydroxy functionality of 1-6. The component (c) exhibits a double bond-functionality of 1-6. The component (c) is an unsaturated aliphatic urethane acrylate. The component (d) comprises isobornyl(meth)acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 2-ethyl octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate. EXAMPLE - Typical radiation-curable resin composition comprised of 51.5 g Desmophen C1100 (RTM: Linear aliphatic polycarbonate-polyester), 65 g Desmolux XP 2513 (RTM: Unsaturated aliphatic urethane acrylate), 32.7 g isobornyl acrylate, 5.9 g Irgacure 2959 (RTM: UV initiator), and 56 g Desmolux VP LS 2396 (RTM: Isocyanate-functional urethane acrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The solar cell further comprises a substrate (10), an anode (11), a hole transport layer (14), an electron transport layer and a cathode (12), and an intermediate layer which contains a polymer having a fluorene skeleton and which is positioned between the anode and the active layer. The n-type semiconductor is fullerenes and or their derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic compound has a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene at greater than or equal to 100000. The depth of highest occupied molecular orbital is calculated to be 5-5.3 eV according to the molecular orbital calculation based on the density functional theory. The polymer structure further comprises a repeating unit of formula (-(A1-D1)-) (II).A1 = substituted 2,3-diphenyl-quinoxaline moiety of formula (IId); andn = 0-5. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The difference between refractive index of fluororesin layer and filler is 0.03 or less. The fluororesin layer further contains a UV absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The easily adhesive coat layer contains 1-5 wt.% epoxy-type crosslinking agent. The fluorine-containing resin film contains fluororesin as main structural component, and 25-75 wt.% acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The black coloring agent is carbon black having an average primary particle size of 10-100 nm, a nitrogen-adsorption specific surface area of 10-300 m2/g, a dibutyl phthalate absorption amount of 30-200 cm3/100 g, and a volatile-matter content of 0.1-10%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer has a melt flow rate of 0.1-30 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under 2.16 kg load. The methacrylic acid content of the copolymer is 1-30 %mass. The colored sealing material has a total light transmittance of 1% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phase change heat-storage material comprises organic bentonite and low density polyethylene at 2:1 mass ratio or organic bentonite and polyethylene wax at 2.2:1 mass ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing ring is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner part of the isolation plate is covered with titanium alloy material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - An inner part of the isolation plate is made of polyethylene foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The phenylene film is coated on a substrate film of polystyrene solution to obtain a self-sustain phenylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier-A comprises 8-10 pts. wt. thermoplastic acrylic resin, 12-14 pts. wt. polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 15-18 pts. wt. 2-ethyl hexanol. The organic carrier-B comprises 7.3-8.8 pts. wt. hydroxyl acrylic acid resin, 15-20 pts. wt. solvent dibasic ester (DBE) and 12-15 pts. wt. diethylene. The organic carrier-C comprises 8-10 pts. wt. phenolic resin, 14-18 pts. wt. normal butanol and 18-20 pts. wt. ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Component (C) is hydroxyketone-type compound or aminoalkyl-phenone-type compound, such as 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone, 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-benzyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone, 2-methyl-1-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-morpholino-1-propanone, 2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-2-benzyl-1-butanone, and/or 2-(dimethylamino)-2-((4-methylphenyl)methyl)-1-(4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl)-1-butanone, preferably 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone, 1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone, and/or 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl)-benzyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone. Component (D) is hydroxy-containing organic solvent with boiling point of 100-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Photocurable composition contains 30-80 wt.% component (A), 0.5-0.8 wt.% component (B), 3-9 wt.% component (C), and 3-60 wt.% component (D) with respect to total amount of photocurable composition. Component (B) is an oligomer having greater than or equal to 10 polymerizable double bonds in 1 molecule. Preferred Parameters: Component (A) has weight average molecular weight of greater than or equal to 4000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The organic solvent has boiling point of 100-300 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thin film thermistor unit is comprised with metal nitride, titanium, aluminum and nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The manufacture of photovoltaic module further involves applying a primer on portion of the photovoltaic cells and electrical interconnections, and applying the topcoat on the primer, curing the primer before applying the topcoat, applying the topcoat on wet-on-wet primer, and simultaneously curing the primer and the topcoat. The photovoltaic module alternately manufactured using clear liquid encapsulant, without carrying out vacuum lamination processes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The topcoat comprises inorganic particles including particulate mineral composition containing mica and having average particle size of 1-100 microns, polyepoxide, polyamine and fluorine-containing polymer. The potting material comprises ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer film laminated to the front transparency and the electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells, and fluid encapsulant. The photovoltaic cells include crystalline silicon wafers. The photovoltaic module further comprises primer positioned between topcoat and electrically interconnected photovoltaic cells. The primer comprises inorganic particles including mica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin contained in the resin portion is polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: A plastic film is used in the formation of a laminated board.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pigment is titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is chosen from oxazoline-type compound and carbodiimide-type compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The non-siloxane-type structural unit of composite polymer is acryl-type structural unit. The amount of terminal blocker is 0.1-5 %mass with respect to polyester support component. The terminal blocker is polycarbodiimide having molecular weight of 2000-50000 and melting point of 80-170 degrees C, preferably cyclic carbodiimide compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protonic ionic liquid comprises a cation component chosen from imidazolium-type component, pyridinium-type component or primary ammonium-type component. The cation component of the protonic ionic liquid is 1-ethyl imidazolium. The aprotic ionic liquid contains 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium as cation component. The combination of the protonic ionic liquid and the aprotic ionic liquid is a combination of 1-ethyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide and/or a combination of 1-ethyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is a polymer which can form three-dimensional meshwork structure during crosslinking reaction, and includes polymer (a) having a functional group of f nucleophilicity at the terminal or side chain and polymer (b) having a functional group of g electrophilicity at the terminal or side chain, where f+g is 5 or more. The polymer further has polyethyleneglycol skeleton. The polymer (a) and polymer (b) are crosslinked by an amide bond. The polymer (a) is of formula (I). The polymer (b) is of formula (II).n11-n14=25-250;R11-R14=1-7C alkylene, 2-7C alkenylene, -NH-R15-, -CO-R15-, -R16-O-R17-, -R16-NH-R17-, -R16-CO2-R17-, -R16-CO2-NH-R17-, -R16-CO-R17-, or -R16-CO-NH-R17-;n21-n24=20-250;R21-R24=1-7C alkylene, 2-7C alkenylene, -NH-R25-, -CO-R25-, -R26-O-R27-, -R26-NH-R27-, -R26-CO2-R27-, -R26-CO2-NH-R17-, -R26-CO-R27-, or -R26-CO-NH-R27-;R15,R25=1-7C alkylene;R16,R26=1-3C alkylene;andR17,R27=1-5C alkylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic solid electrolyte includes at least one of lithium sulfide-phosphorus pentasulfide, lithium sulfide-phosphorus pentasulfide-lithium silicate, lithium sulfide-gallium sulfide-germanium disulfide, lithium sulfide-antimony sulfide-germanium disulfide, lithium-germanium-phosphorus-sulfur compound of formula (Li3.25-Ge0.25-P0.75-S4), (lanthanum, lithium)titanate, lithium lanthanum-calcium-titanium oxide of formula (Li6La2CaTa2O12), lithium-lanthanum-niobium oxide of formula (Li6La2ANb2O12 (where A is calcium or strontium), lithium-neodymium-tellurium-antimony oxide (Li2Nd3TeSbO12), lithium-boron-oxygen-nitrogen compound (Li3BO2.5N0.5), lithium-silicon-aluminum oxide of formula (Li9SiAlO8), lithium-aluminum-germanium-phosphorus oxide of formula (Li 1+xAlxGe2-x(PO4) 3), lithium-aluminum-titanium-phosphorus oxide of formula (Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4) 3), lithium-aluminum-zirconium-phosphorus oxide of formula (LiAlxZr2-x(PO4)3) or lithium-titanium-zirconium-phosphorus oxide of formula (LiTixZr2-x(PO4)3. The ceramic solid electrolyte includes at least one of (lanthanum, lithium)titanate, lithium-aluminum-titanium-phosphorus oxide of formula (Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4) 3) or lithium-titanium-aluminum-silicon-phosphorus oxide of formula (Li1+xTi2-xAlxSiy(PO4)3-y).x, y = 0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ceramic solid electrolyte includes at least one compound comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (preferred), poly(ethylene oxide), polyimide, poly(acrylonitrile) or poly(methyl methacrylate) as a binder. The binder is present at 0.1-50 pts. wt. based on 100 parts by weight of the ceramic solid electrolyte. The ceramic solid electrolyte has a thickness of 10-1000 mu m. The gel polymer electrolyte: includes a polymer and a lithium salt in a molar ratio of 8:1-16:1; and is disposed at a negative electrode side includes 1-50 wt.% of ethylene carbonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver has the particle size of 10~1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The paste composition further comprises 0.01-3 wt.% of silver elements. The weight ratio of the terpineol and butylcarbitol acetate is 2:1-1:3. The paste composition is coated through a nozzle whose inner diameter is 30-60 mu m, where a contact angle of the coated composition is 30-60 degrees and a beat axial ratio of the coated composition is 0.15-0.4. The composition is rotated at the speed of 3 revolutions per minute (rpm) when the viscosity is 1x 106-1.5x 106 cps and rotated at the speed of 30 rpm when the viscosity is 3x 105-6x 105 cps. The nozzle has heating temperature of 20-40 degrees C. The paste composition is heat-treated at 700-800 degrees C for 0-30 minutes, dried at 200-400 degrees C, and discharged at the pressure of 0.3-0.6 MPa, with the transition speed of 30-60 mm/s, where the distance of the object with the nozzle is 60-100 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive metal is silver, gold, palladium, platinum, copper, chrome, cobalt, aluminum, tin, lead, zinc, iron, iridium, osmium, rhodium, tungsten, molybdenum and nickel, preferably silver. The organic frit powder is bismuth(III) oxide, boron trioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, zinc oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, lead(II) oxide, titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide. The N-type dispersing agent is fluid phosphorus pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises a resin comprising cellulose resin, acrylic resin or polyvinyl resin. The organic vehicle comprises butylcarbitol acetate, butyl carbitol, butyl cellusolve, butyl cellusolve acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monmethyl ether, propylene glycol monometyl ether propionate, ethyl ether propionate, terpineol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethylamino formaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, gamma-butyrolactone, ethyl lactate and texanol. The composition further includes an additive that is plasticizer, dispersing agent, thicksotropic agent, viscosity stabilizer, antifoaming agent, pigment, UV stabilizer or antioxidant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass frit has the glass transition temperature of 350-450 degrees C, the curing temperature of 400-460 degrees C, the firing temperature of 460-500 degrees C, an average thermal expansion coefficient of 70x 10-7/ degrees C-135x 10-7/ degrees C at 30-300 degrees C and an average granularity of 0.5-5 mu m. The conductive powder is made of silver or aluminum. The paste composition comprises 65-90 wt.% of conductive powder, 0.1-5 wt.% of glass frit and 9.9-34.90 wt.% of organic vehicle, where the organic vehicle is an organic binder or a solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The current collector layers are made of a material selected from a group of copper, stainless steel, titanium, nickel and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery has an adhesive layer made of a material selected from a group of polyvinylalcohol-based resin, fluorine resin e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE, tetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropylene copolymer or Nafion (RTM: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer), polyacrylic acid-based resin e.g. polyacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate ester, polyethyl acrylate ester or polyacrylic acid hexyl ester, polymethacrylic acid-based resin e.g. aspolymethacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate ester, polyethyl methacrylate ester or polymethacrylic acid hexyl ester, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyether, polyethersulfone, hexafluoropolypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene, aramid resin, polymer of an ethylene propylene diamine monomer, polyethylene oxide or polypyrrol, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene, propylene, pentafluoropropylene, fluoromethyl vinyl ether, acrylic acid and hexadiene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric binder consists of epoxies, polyurethanes, polyesters, and vinyl esters.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fourth layer comprises clear vinyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first layer comprises black polyethylene plastic and black vinyl-coated polyester. The third layer comprises black polyethylene plastic. The second layer comprises reflective aluminum foil on sides of a closed-cell polyethylene foam center.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The front electrode is formed by using a dispensing apparatus. The dispensing apparatus comprises a needle having an inner diameter of 50-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive particle: comprises at least one of a metal-based material, a metal oxide-based material, and a carbon-based material; has a diameter of 0.05-25 mu m; has a mean diameter (D50) of 0.5-1.5 mu m and a maximum diameter of 15-25; and is present at 70-95 wt.%. The thickening agent comprises at least one of a cellulose-based resin, an acryl-based resin, and a polyvinyl-based resin, and is present at 0.1-5 wt.%. The dispersing agent comprises at least one of a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, a nonionic surfactant and an amide, and is present at 0.1-10 wt.%. The thixotropic agent comprises at least one of caster wax, polyethylene oxide wax, amide wax and/or linseed oil, and is present at 0.1-10 wt.%. The organic solvent comprises at least one of terpineol, butyl Carbitol (RTM: 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol), butyl Carbitol (RTM: 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol) acetate, butyl Cellosolve (RTM: 2-Ethoxyethanol), butyl Cellosolve (RTM: 2-Ethoxyethanol) acetate, Texanol (RTM: Ester alcohol), ethylene glycol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol and ethanol, and is present at 5-40 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Typical conductive paste composition comprised of: 80 wt.% of silver conductive particles; 1 wt.% of thickening agent; 0.5 wt.% of dispersing agent; 1.5 wt.% of thixotropic agent; 15 wt.% of organic solvent; and 2 wt.% of glass frit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm is radiated to the surface of infrared-permeability colored resin layer, and reflectance with respect to light is 50% or more. The maximum temperature of glass transition temperature of aromatic vinyl resin contained in infrared-permeability colored resin layer and white colored resin layer is each of 90-120 degrees C, measured according to JIS K 7121. Preferred Composition: The white-colored coloring agent is titanium oxide having average particle diameter of 0.24 mu m or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aromatic vinyl-type resin is rubber reinforced aromatic vinyl resin obtained by polymerizing vinylic monomer containing aromatic vinyl compound in presence of a rubber polymer. The saturated-polyester resin contains polyethylene terephthalate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Total light transmittance of antifouling film excluding fine columnar protrusion at thickness of 1 mm is greater than or equal to 80%. Abrasion resistance of antifouling film measured by thrust abrasion test is less than or equal to 30 mg/10 minutes. Water contact angle of antifouling film is greater than or equal to 120 degrees . Thickness of antifouling film excluding fine columnar protrusion is 20-500 mu m. Preferred Components: Fluororesin is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer (I) is of formula (II). The primary electrode is transparent electrode. The secondary electrode is counter electrode. The organic photoelectric conversion element further has positive hole transport layer which is provided between the photoelectric converting layer and the secondary electrode.D1,D2=donor unit containing heteroaryl;A2=acceptor unit containing heteroaryl containing nitrogen atom;andp,q,r=0-4, in which p or r is 1-4.Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer compound (I) is 10000-100000. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2=-S-.    EXAMPLE - 187 mg 2,5-Bis(5-bromo-4-dodecyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole was dissolved in 2,6-bis(trimethyl tin)-4,8-di(2-ethylhexyl oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene and 20 ml anhydrous toluene, argon was introduced, then 6.3 mg tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium and 16.7 mg tris(o-tolyl)phosphine were added, the resultant solution was purged with argon, heated the resultant product at 110-120 degrees C for 72 hours, then 11 mg 2-tributyl tin thiophene was added, refluxed for 10 hours, 10 mg 2-bromo-thiophene was added, then refluxed for 10 hours, reprecipitated the resultant product with 500 ml methanol, filtrated polymer product, and purified, to obtain 80 mg conjugated polymer compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyurethane has silanol group in structure. The weight ratio of polyurethane and isocyanate in the mixture is 7/3-3/7, based on solid content. Preferred Process: In the gas-barrier film, the vapor deposition layer and the composite film layer are further successively laminated on surface of the composite film layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solidification formation is possible in electroconductive composition. Gas with flame-retardant foaming substance is generated. The foaming substance is coated with softening-degree substance softened at more than preset temperature. The foaming substance coated with an electroconductive material, is included in electroconductive composition. The electroconductive composition contains 50 wt.% or more substance having hydrogen bondable functional group value of 1-5x 10-2 mol/g in the solid substance excluding electroconductive material after solidification formation. The electroconductive composition further contains titanium system coupling agent and/or silane coupling agent as crosslinking agent. The electroconductive particles of flat shape, which are orientated by electric field and/or magnetic field.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Substance: The substance whose hydrogen bondable functional group value is 1-5x 10-2 mol/g, is a mixture of modified polyvinyl alcohol with average degree of polymerization of 500 or more, and polycarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Solubility of component (A) with respect to ethyl acetate at 25 degrees C is greater than or equal to 1 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Component (B) is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-type ionomer, and/or polyvinyl butyral resin. Preferred Definitions:    X=-NR21-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electron-accepting organic material is a 70C fullerene compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The mixed particle is made of titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The mass ratio of flake-shaped powder and spherical powder is 20:80-80:20. Preferred Composition: The electroconductive powder is chosen from silver powder, copper powder, silver coat copper powder, silver coat nickel powder, silver coat aluminum flake powder and silver coat glass powder. The electroconductive powder contains less than 200 ppm sodium ions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardening agent contains acid anhydride, imidazole, tertiary amine and Lewis' acid containing boron fluoride, or its compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin (A) is chosen from bisphenol A, bisphenol E, bisphenol F, phenol novolac-type resin, chelate modified-type epoxy resin, urethane modified-type epoxy resin and rubber modified-type epoxy resin. The epoxy resin (B) is chosen from cyclohexane dimethanol-type epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene dimethanol-type epoxy resin, propylene oxide bisphenol A-type epoxy resin and chelate modified-type epoxy resin. The block forming polyisocyanate compound (C) is polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate containing more than 3 nuclei. The heat-hardening-type electroconductive paste composition is used for forming an electrode or electrical wiring on base material by heat-hardening conductive pattern printed on the base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of flake shaped powder and spherical powder is 20:80-80:20. The electroconductive powder is chosen from silver powder, copper powder, silver coat copper powder, silver-coated nickel powder, silver-coated aluminum flake powder and silver-coated glass powder, and has sodium-ion content of less than 200 ppm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is chosen from acid anhydride, imidazole, tertiary amine, and Lewis acid containing boron fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin (a) is chosen from bisphenol A-type epoxy resin, bisphenol E-type epoxy resin, bisphenol F-type epoxy resin, phenol novolak-type epoxy resin, chelate-modified-type epoxy resin, urethane-modified-type epoxy resin and rubber-modified-type epoxy resin. The epoxy resin (b) is chosen from cyclohexane dimethanol-type epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene dimethanol-type epoxy resin, propylene oxide addition bisphenol A-type epoxy resin and chelate-modified-type epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing materials are selected from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin, urethane resin, olefin-typed resin, silicone and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The biphenyl derivative is obtained by anionizing biphenyl compound of formula (III) with lithium reagents such as butyllithium and lithium diisopropylamide in the presence of organic tin halide. EXAMPLE - 5 g 2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-benzo(2,1-b,3,4-b')dithiophene-4,5-dione and 250 mL tetrahydrofuran were provided into the flask. The tetrahydrofuran solution (250mL) of 1-hexadecyl magnesium bromide was dripped, and solution was refluxed for 5 hours. The obtained reaction liquid was poured into water and extracted with toluene. Then, the toluene solution was cleaned in aqueous hydrochloric acid and water. The silica gel column refinement of liquid obtained by concentrating toluene solution was carried out, to obtain biphenyl derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The insert metal is connected with the metal plate provided with a connecting screw hole column, where the metal is copper, aluminum and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plug body is made of polypropylene plastic injection molding, ceramic or Teflon (RTM: PTFE) material. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 36-45% sulfuric acid, 2.8-4% polyacrylamide, 0.4-0.7% phosphoric acid, 1-1.2% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1-0.2% stannous sulfate, 0.1-0.2% lithium sulfate and 47-59% deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is active nano calcium carbonate, silicon micropowder, mica powder, talc powder, titanium dioxide, organic bentonite, silica, and/or gas phase silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane coupling agent is gamma -aminopropyl methyldiethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl diethoxysilane, gamma -(2,3-propoxy) propyl dimethoxysilane, gamma -methyl acryloxysilane, bis(3-ethoxy silyl propyl) amine, and/or N-( beta -aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyl methyl dimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The final washing process is carried out using pure water twice, 1 mL each time, and then using absolute ethanol twice, 1 mL each time.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is provided with a cover made of plastic material i.e. poly butylene terephthalate material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum base foil is a 1000 or 1100 series aluminum alloy. The conductive metal coating comprises a metal consisting of gold, silver, tin, nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, zinc, and its alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell structure is formed of microcrystalline silicon film solar cell and copper-indium-gallium-selenide solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell structure is formed of polysilicon film solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrolytic salt compound is lithium salt compound. Positive electrode material contains compounds of formulae AMO2, AM2O4, and AMRO4.A=alkali metal or non-transition metal;M=transition metals; andR=P and/or Si.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Compound which has phenol structure with 2 ortho-positions substituted by tert.-butyl group is 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-phenol, 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methyl phenol, 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-ethyl phenol, 1,6-hexanediol-bis(3-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), 2,4-bis(n-octylthio)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.-butylanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, tetrakis(methylene-3-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) methane, 2,2-thio-diethylene-bis(3-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, N,N'-hexamethylene-bis(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxy hydrocinnamamide), 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate diethylester, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene, tris(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, or isooctyl-3-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate. Aprotic organic solvent consisting of ethers and ester is added to composition for solid polymer electrolytes. Preferred Conditions: Heat-processing temperature is 50-150 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is prepared by applying solid polymer electrolyte containing compound which has phenol structure on electrical power collector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel electrolyte formation agent contains 5-200 parts mass vinylidene fluoride polymers with respect to 100 parts mass acrylic polymers. The acrylic polymer has the repeating unit (A1) is derived from (meth)acrylate-containing compound of formula (I). The acrylic polymer (A) further has a repeating unit (A2) derived from (meth)acrylate which has a chain-shaped ether structure derived from compound of formula: H2C=C(-R5)-C(=O)-O-R6-(R7-O)xR5 (II).R1,R5=H or methyl;R2=bivalent coupling group;R3,R4,R8=H or monovalent organic group;m,n=0 or more;m+n=more than 1;R6=single bond or divalent organic group;andR7=bivalent hydrocarbyl.When the total amount of a repeating unit (A1) and a repeating unit (A2) is 100 mol%, the ratio of the quantity (M2) of repeating unit (A2) with respect to the quantity (M1) of repeating unit (A1) is 1-10. The ratio M1 is 10-40 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The substrate texture is formed on the glass substrate using silica sol containing silica particles by wet etching using hydrogen fluoride or mixture of hydrogen fluoride and hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light-absorption layer contains copper-indium disulfide, copper-gallium disulfide, copper-indium diselenide, copper-gallium diselenide, copper-aluminum diselenide, copper-indium ditelluride, copper-gallium ditelluride, copper-indium-gallium disulfide, copper-indium-gallium diselenide or copper-zinc-tin sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of polymer or glass. Preferred Process: The substrate texture is formed on the polymer substrate by wet etching using metallic hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The gas barrier layers are preferably made of a polyester resin. The first bonding layers are preferably made of a polyolefin resin, and an acid-modified polyolefin resin is preferred among polyolefin resins. The acid-modified polyolefin resin is preferably a polyethylene grafted with an unsaturated carboxylic acid, or a polypropylene grafted with an unsaturated carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin film is polyethylene terephthalate film having thickness of 10-40 mu m. The resin film contains 2-30 %mass thermoplastic-polyester elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The thin film battery further has buffer layer (120) containing lithium oxide, lithium fluoride, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, magnesium oxide and/or aluminum oxide, barrier film layer and passivation layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The barrier film layer has moisture permeability of 10-4 g/m2 day or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flexible film layer is polyimide film layer containing contains condensate of dianhydride chosen from pyromellitic dianhydride, diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, hexafluoroisopropylidene bisphthalic dianhydride, biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride and oxydiphthalic anhydride, and diamine chosen from oxydianiline, methylenedianiline, m-phenylene diamine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, p-phenylene diamine, diamino phenyl indane, bis(aminophenoxy)benzene and bis( gamma -aminopropyl) tetramethyl disiloxane. Preferred Properties: The flexible film layer has thermal decomposition temperature of 500 degrees C or more. The total thickness of buffer layer and flexible film layer is 1-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of the ion-conducting polymer, comprises carrying out polymerization, preferably in-situ polymerization of the anions of (I), in an electrochemical cell. Preferred Definitions:    X = pyrazolide, imidazolide, pyrrolide, 1,2,3-triazolide, 1,2,4-triazolide, tetrazolide, 1,2-azaborolide, 1,3-azaborolide or borininuide (sic).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 6 compounds (I) is specifically claimed e.g. lithium(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolide), lithium(5-(perfluoroethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolide), lithium(5-(perfluoropropyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolide), lithium-(5-(perfluorobutyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolide) and lithium(4-cyano-5-heptyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolide).    EXAMPLE - Solution of lithium(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolide) in propylene carbonate was filled into an NMR tube and hermetically locked. Then the solution was subjected to polymerization at 30 degrees C for 12 weeks to obtain the ion-conducting polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary solvent is pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, octane, nonane, decane, benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, dichloromethane and/or chloroform. The macromolecular film contains tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene, Perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether, ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene, poly vinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyether ether ketone, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyimide and/or polybenzyl imidazole. The secondary solvent is water, hexane, benzene, ketone, acetone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, and/or chloroform. Preferred Process: The radiation process is carried out at the rate of 1-20 kGy/hour. The radiation is gamma -ray, ultraviolet ray or electron beam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of chlorine molybdenum acid in 1-20 ml deionized water is 0.2-5 %mass. The ratio of sodium borohydride in 20-200 ml deionized water is 50-500 mu l. The regulator is chelate copper, whose content is 0.5-15%. The transparent conductive oxide is chosen from PEN/ITO, PET/ITO, PEN/AZO, PET/AZO, PEN/FT0 and PET/FT0, where PEN is pentaerythritol nitrate, ITO is indium-doped tin oxide, PET is pentaerythritol, AZO is aluminum zinc oxide, and FT0 is fluorine-doped tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The spherical aluminum powder comprises 10-20 %mass spherical aluminum powder of 7-8 mu m, 10-20 %mass spherical aluminum powder of 6-7 mu m, 40-60 %mass spherical aluminum powder of 5-6 mu m and 10-20 %mass spherical aluminum powder of 1-2 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic binding agent comprises 94.5 %mass mixed solvent, 2 %mass low grade ethyl cellulose, 4 %mass high grade of ethyl cellulose and 0.5 %mass hydrogenated castor oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The heteroatom doped carbon quantum is nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, selenium, phosphorus, arsenic, germanium, gadolinium, boron, antimony and tellurium, and has absorption spectral wavelength of 300-850 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method involves using conductive polymer chosen from polymer of 3-hexyl thiophene and 3-hexyl thiophene derivative, poly(p-benzene)ethylene, poly-benzene ethylene derivative and polyacetylene or its derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene vinyl pyrrolidone K30 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone K90.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode active material layer is made of manganese dioxide, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) and lithium material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode active material layer is made of zinc and graphite material and mixture of zinc and carbon nanotube powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silicon sheet protective film is formed as an inorganic packaging thin film that is made of metal oxide or metal nitride material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silicon sheet protective film is selected from one of a PVC protective film, a polymethylmethacrylate acrylic (PMMA) electrostatic protective film, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film and a PVC electrostatic protective film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is distilled water, absolute ethyl alcohol, 1-10 mass% acetic acid solution, acetone or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The micro porous polymer film is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP) or their combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal consists of cobalt, nickel, and manganese. The carbon-containing material is graphite. The electrolyte is a non-aqueous mixture of organic carbonates and non-coordinating anion salts of lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sulfone-containing compound is a polysulfone consisting of polyphenylsulfone and poly(1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal nanowires contain silver, gold, or copper. The carbon atoms in the multi-layered graphene film are partially substituted by nitrogen or boron atoms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The white-colored coloring agent contains titanium oxide with average particle diameter of greater than or equal to 0.24 mu m. Metal layer consists of 5-200 mu m-thick aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The aromatic-vinyl-type resin contained in infrared permeability colored resin layer and aromatic-vinyl-type resin contained in white-colored resin layer are rubber reinforcement aromatic-vinyl-type resin obtained by polymerizing vinylic monomer which contains aromatic vinyl compound in presence of rubber polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The cellulase enzyme solution is enzyme powder, where cellulase is obtained by fermenting a bacterium or a fungus, comprising endoglucanase, exoglucanases and glucosidase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cellulosic raw material source of first step is corn stalk capable of regeneration, wood fiber biomass or fibrous raw material related to paper making or textile industry. Preferred Method: The pre-treatment method is chemical treatment such as acid treatment, alkali treatment, or radiation treatment, mechanical treatment, or gas treatment and/or physical treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The composition ratio of ion conductive segment and nonionic conductivity segment is 1:9-3:7 in which the block copolymer has poor water solubility or water-insolubility. The variance ratio which is ratio of weight average molecular weight with respect to quantity mean molecular weight of the block copolymer is 1-1.50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photocatalyst particles are titanium oxide photocatalyst particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amphoteric polymer is chosen from N-methacryloyl oxyethyl-N,N-dimethylammonium-( alpha )-N-methyl carboxy betaine alkyl methacrylate copolymer having 1-18C alkyl chain, and copolymer in which sulfur dioxide is polymerized in N,N-diallyl amine-maleic acid copolymer. Preferred Property: The photocatalyst dispersion has acidic pH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic oxide is silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyisocyanate is xylylene-diisocyanate modified component and/or hydrogenated xylylene-diisocyanate modified component. The xylylene-diisocyanate modified component and/or hydrogenated xylylene-diisocyanate modified component are adduct components. The coating liquid further contains ultraviolet absorber. Preferred Process: A polyethylene terephthalate film with which an inorganic oxide is vapor-deposited is laminated on back surface of transparent base material in which fluororesin layer is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of epoxy group of epoxy-group-containing polymer is 10-30 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of epoxy-group-containing polymer is 0.15-3 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin. Preferred Property: The resin has melt-flow-rate of 3-30 g/10 minutes measured based on JIS K7210 at 190 degrees C under load of 2160 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The surface resistance value of the transparent electroconductive film is 60 Omega /square or less. Preferred Process: The transparent conductive layer is obtained by the ion-plating method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of potassium hydroxide and aromatic phosphate ester is respectively 10-70 pts. wt. and 385-595 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. dihydrogen ammonium phosphate, so that total content of components in polyester resin (A) is 4-16 wt.%. The content of component (A) is 30-50 wt.% with respect to total content of components (A) and (B). The application layer is a layer formed of coating liquid containing urethane component and melamine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The propylene-based resin has melt flow rate of 1-300 g/10 minutes at 230 degrees C and load of 2.16 kg, and comprises propylene homopolymer, propylene- alpha -olefin block copolymer having 2-8C alpha -olefin content other than propylene of 1-30 wt.% and/or propylene- alpha -olefin random copolymer having 2-8C alpha -olefin content other than propylene of 1-30 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrocarbon gas comprises at least one of methane, ethylene, and acetylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weather-proof layer is poly(ethylene terephthalate) protecting layer having thickness of 10 mu m. The PVDF layer has thickness of 25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silicon-based particle includes a material selected from Si, SiOx, and/or Si-Z alloy. The silicon-based particle has an average diameter of about 1 mu m to about 20 mu m. The graphite particle includes at least one of artificial graphite and natural graphite. The graphite particle has an average diameter of about 0.1 mu m to about 20 mu m. The carbonaceous nano-sheet includes a material selected from a polycyclic nano-sheet in which rings of carbon atoms fused to one another are arranged on a plane, and/or lamination of polycyclic nano-sheets. The carbonaceous nano-sheet has an average area of 0.0001 mu m2 to about 500 mu m2. The thickness of the carbonaceous nano-sheet is 0.1 nm to about 100 nm. The amount of the crystalline carbonaceous material is 0.1 to about 100 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the silicon-based particle. The graphite particle and the carbonaceous nano-sheet are present at a weight ratio of 0.1:99.9 to about 99.9:0.1. The carbonaceous nano-sheet has a sheet shape. When the silicon-based particle is SiOx, the carbonaceous nano-sheet is a lamination of polycyclic nano-sheets having a structure in which 2 to 50 polycyclic nano-sheets are laminated.x=0-2;Z=alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, a Group XIII element, a Group XIV element, a transition metal, and/or rare earth element.Provided that: Z is not Si.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface treating agent is silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent and/or aluminate coupling agent. The surface treating agent contains the silicone oligomer which has reactive substituent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent material contains vinyl resin which is a polymer of vinyl compounds. The vinyl resin contains (meth)acrylic resin. The vinyl compound contains 10 wt.% or more of the total amount of the vinyl compound and vinyl compound has viscosity of 5-30 mPa.second at 25 degrees C. The vinyl compound contains (meth)acrylic acid derivative which has an alicyclic structure. The vinyl compound contains vinyl compound more than bifunction. The inorganic fluorescent material-containing polymer material containing vinyl compound and inorganic fluorescent material is a polymer suspension or emulsion polymer. The inorganic fluorescent material-containing polymer material is a ground material of block polymerization of the composition containing vinyl compound and inorganic fluorescent material. The content of the inorganic fluorescent material is 0.001-10 wt.%. The volume average particle diameter of the inorganic fluorescent material-containing polymer material is 1-1000 mu m. The vinyl compound having an alicyclic structure is a compound having a structure (I) and/or a compound having a structure (II). The vinyl compound is preferably a compound having a structure (IV) and/or a compound having a structure (III). The vinyl compound is chosen from at least 1 sort(s) of (meth)acrylic acid ester compound of formula: H2C=C(-R)-C(=O)-O-(-X-O-)n-R1 (V).R1,R2=H or alkyl;R=H or methyl;X=1-5C alkylene;andn=0-10.Preferred Process: The radical polymerization is suspension polymerization. An inorganic fluorescent substance containing polymer material having volume average particle diameter of 10-200 mu m is synthesized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic semiconductor is silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The active layer of organic photoelectric conversion element contains fullerene and/or its derivative, and a conjugated polymer compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The amount of photosensitive agent (B) is less than or equal to 4.6 mass% with respect to total mass of positive resist composition. Preferred Process: The pattern formation process further includes selectively etching support body containing solar cell substrate by setting the resist pattern as a mask.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyester film is polymerized using the polycondensation catalyst containing aluminum and phosphorus compound having phenol. An application layer is made of polyurethane resin containing aliphatic polycarbonate polyol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The microparticles comprise barium sulfate and titanium oxide. The amount (Nb) of microparticles with the void in polyester film is 5- 200/100 mu m2 per unit cross-sectional area. The content of microparticles differs in layers. The ratio (Pmin/Pmax) of content (Pmax) of microparticles of the layer which contains maximum amount microparticles, and the content (Pmin) of the microparticles of the layer which contains minimum amount of microparticles is 0-0.9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The terminal blocking agent is carbodiimide compound having molecular weight of 200-100000. The carbodiimide compound has carbodiimide group, and comprises cyclic structure in which primary nitrogen and secondary nitrogen are bonded by bonding group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Preferred Properties: The distribution of Lb/Lp is 0.3-3 calculated based on equation: distribution=(((Lb/Lp)maximum value)-((Lb/Lp)minimum value))/((Lb/Lp) average value) (I), where Lp is long side of orthogonal projection to film cross section of one microparticle and Lb is line segment except the portion which overlaps with the orthogonal projection to the film cross section of the microparticles among the long sides of the orthogonal projection to the film cross section of the void which exists in the circumference of one microparticle. The average value of long side (Lp) of the orthogonal projection to the film cross section of the microparticles is 0.1-20 mu m. The polyester has terminal carboxylic acid value (AV) of 3-20 eq/tons and intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.65-0.9 dl/g. Preferred Process: The polyester film is obtained by melt-kneading polyester and microparticles and providing 0.1-5% fluctuation to a screw speed. The fluctuation of 0.1-5% is added to stretching speed, and stretched, to obtain film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sodium supply source is sodium halide, sodium chalcogenide or sodium complex compound. The sodium halide is sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide and/or sodium iodide. The sodium chalcogenide is sodium niobium oxide, vanadium sodium trioxide, rare-earth sodium oxide, sodium thiosulfate, pentahydrated sodium thiosulfate, sodium selenite, pentahydrated sodium selenite, disodium oxosilanediolate, nonahydrated disodium oxosilanediolate, sodium stannate, trihydrated sodium stannate, disodium tellurite, sodium sulfate, decahydrated sodium sulfate, sodium dithionite, sodium selenate, decahydrated sodium selenate, dehydrated sodium tungstate, sodium metabisulfite, disodium trititanium heptaoxide, sodium persulfate, nonahydrated sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide, triodium phosphate, sodium phosphatetribasic dodecahydrate, sodium orthovanadate, sodium trimetalphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, decahydrated sodium pyrophosphate or sodium triphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sodium chamber organic plate is polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyether sulfone or polyethersulfone. The polymer substrate is chosen from stainless steel substrate, sodium-chamber existence glass substrate and ceramic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The air electrode slurry is lanthanum strontium manganate, samarium strontium cobalt oxide, lanthanum manganate, and lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is polyvinyl butyral and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rigid polyurethane foam contains polyol (in parts weight) (100) including high molecular polyol (15), low molecular polyol (66), chain extender (4), phosphate flame retardant (6), silicone surfactant (1.5), amine catalyst (1) and foaming agent (6.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating comprises nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorescent material is an inorganic fluorescent material. The content of the fluorescent material with respect to the resin particles is 1-50 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The particles are resin particles having particle diameter of 1-1000 mu m. The resin particles contain transparent vinyl resin. Preferred Process: The fluorescent material is adhered to particles surface using resin solution as a binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the monomers are mixed at 2:1:1 mole rate. The K2CO3 is mixed at 1.5 equivalence ratio. In the step (iv), the reactant is precipitated in de-ionized water, and cleaned repeatedly, stirred in de-ionized water of 60-80 degrees C all night, and subsequently filtered, and dried for 24 hours in an oven of 120 degrees C. In case of bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone is used in the step (i), the step (iii) involves refluxing DMAc at 180 degrees C and reacting the dissolved mixture for 16-20 hours. In case of bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone is used in the step (i), the step (iii) involves refluxing DMAc for 10 minutes at 180 degrees C and removing by-product (which is water) produced during the reaction, and then reacting the dissolved mixture for 16 hours at 160 degrees C. EXAMPLE - 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl (7.5601 g), bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfone (5.8296 g) and 3,3'-disulfonated-4,4'-chlorodiphenyl sulfone (9.9724 g) at 2:1:1 mole rate, and K2CO3 at 1.5 equivalence rate, were mixed in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) (60 ml), and refluxed DMAc at 180 degrees C and reacted for 16-20 hours. Water which was by-product produced during the reaction, was removed simultaneously with polymerization reaction. After the reaction ended, the reactant was precipitated in de-ionized water, and cleaned repeatedly, stirred in de-ionized water of 60-80 degrees C and filtered, and then dried in an oven of 120 degrees C for 24 hours, and resulted in sulfonated polyarylene ether sulfone copolymer (SPAES50-C1) having degree of sulfonation of 48.89%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The planar heating layer is connected to a temperature sensor for sensing a surface temperature of the battery cell, and the temperature sensor is connected to a temperature control unit that turns on/off a power supply unit for supplying power to the conductive strap according to a signal of the temperature sensor. The conductive strap is attached between the planar heating layer and the composite sheet, and is disposed at both right and left ends of the composite sheet to be electrically connected to a power supply unit. The heat control plate comprises an electrode part of the conductive strap outwardly protruding from the composite sheet, and the electrode part is electrically connected by an electrode connection member at both sides of the battery cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The planar composite sheet has a high thermal conductivity, preferably greater than 3 W/mK. The composite sheet is formed of an elastomer resin comprising a filler having high thermal conductivity, where the filler is at least one of graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, steel fiber and silver powder. The composite sheet comprises 50-80 wt.% of a thermoplastic elastomer resin of and 20-50 wt.% or a filler. The thermoplastic elastomer resin comprises one of thermoplastic polyurethane and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene. The heat radiating ribbons protrude from both right and left sides of the composite sheet by 5-20 mm. The heat radiating ribbon is formed of a metallic material with high thermal conductivity, where the metallic material has a thermal conductivity greater than 60 W/mK, preferably 60-300 W/mK. The planar heating layer has a thickness of 10-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The third housing part comprises aluminum and/or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of resin and conductive material is 4/96 or more. The conductive material contains silver. The solar cell further equipped with a transparent conductive oxide layer (31) arranged between the electrodes and the photoelectric conversion section.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin contains epoxy resin and/or urethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The infrared ray absorber is antimony-doped tin oxide or indium tin oxide. The addition amount of infrared ray absorber with respect to hydrophobic coating material is 0.2-0.5 %mass. Preferred Property: The antimony-doped tin oxide or indium tin oxide contains particles having average-particle diameter of particles of 0.2 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The hydrophobic coating material is fluorine-resin coating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive particles are formed from metal or metal oxide (preferably titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, or gold).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Dispersion: The concentration of the additive particles is 5-40 vol.% or 10-40 vol.% of the dispersion. The dispersion comprises two types of charged pigment particles having opposite charge polarities and of contrasting colors. The charged pigment particles have a hydrodynamic diameter of 0.1-1 mu m. The dispersion further comprises non-charged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles. The refractive index of the uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles is different from that of the solvent or solvent mixture in which the particles are dispersed. The average diameter of the uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles is 100 nanometers to 5 microns. The average diameter of the additive particles is smaller than the average diameter of the neutral buoyancy particles. The concentration of the uncharged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles in the electrophoretic dispersion is more than 2.5 wt.% to not greater than 25 wt.%. The dispersion further comprises a charge controlling agent. Preferred Components: The additive particles are formed from a polymer (preferably polystyrene, poly(2-vinylnapthalene) or polymethylmethacrylate). The non-charged or lightly charged neutral buoyancy particles are formed from a polymeric material (preferably polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polystyrene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyphenol, or polysiloxane; or poly(pentabromophenyl methacrylate), poly(2-vinylnapthalene), poly(naphthyl methacrylate), poly(alpha-methystyrene), poly(N-benzyl methacrylamide) or poly(benzyl methacrylate)). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (C1) having two or more thiol groups in molecule is trimethylolpropane tris thiopropionate or pentaerythritol tetrakis-thiopropionate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicone-modified resin is acrylic-silicone resin. The film mirror further has layer containing resin as a main component by coating on the corrosion-prevention layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The urethane prepolymer (A) further comprises a trimer of an isocyanate compound. The hydroxyl group-containing compound further comprises trimethylolpropane. The polyol (B) comprises a polyol having an ester bond. The adhesive further comprises an epoxy resin. Preferred Parameter: The urethane prepolymer (A) has an isocyanate index of 2.0 to 4.0. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The material of the layer-A has a Young modulus of greater than or equal to 30 GPa and the material of the layer-B has a Young modulus of less than or equal to 20 GPa. The stack is obtained by converting a perhydropolysilazane, preferably by irradiation with UV radiation at a wavelength of greater than or equal to 200 nm, simultaneously or successively and by vacuum UV radiation at a wavelength of 200 nm, under an atmosphere having oxygen levels of less than 500 ppm and water levels of less than or equal to 1 ppm. The multilayer structure contains a layer of polymeric material on the layer-A of the stack and on the opposite face to contact with the layer-B. The layer of polymeric material is disposed between the layer-A and the layer-B directly to the stack. The multilayer structure comprises one or more stacks arranged symmetrically on one side and other side of the substrate. The halogenated polymer is fluorinated (co)polymers (preferred) and/or chlorinated (co)polymers. The fluorinated (co)polymers comprise at least 50 mol.% of fluoro compound of formula (CFX=CHXa), poly (vinylidene fluoride).X = H, halo, preferably F or Cl, or perhalogenated alkyl, preferably perfluoroalkyl including polyvinylidene fluoride (preferably alpha-polyvinylidene fluoride), vinylidene fluoride copolymers including hexafluoro propylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinylidene trifluoride or tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene (co)polymers, fluoroethylene/propylene copolymer, and/or ethylene copolymer with fluoroethylene/propylene, tetrafluoroethylene, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, chlorotrifluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The colloidal particles are silica particles, polystyrene latex particles or gold particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film (2) contains a resin film or polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode mixes the phthalocyanine sodium with carbon particles, and material which performs ball mill process. The electrolyte is organic electrolyte containing a sodium ion, or water-system electrolyte solution containing sodium ion. The electrolyte is a solid electrolyte which lets sodium ion pass or polymer electrolyte which lets a sodium ion pass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin layer has contains polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon particle is acetylene black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin contained in the electrolyte layer is a cellulose derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon black contains less than or equal to 20 ppm of alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic resin is ethylene based-copolymer resin chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer, an ethylene ethyl acrylate copolymer, an ethylene methyl methacrylate copolymer, an ethylene ethyl-methacrylate copolymer and ethylene-type ionomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is chosen from polymer containing oxazoline group, polymer containing carbodiimide group, and polymer containing block isocyanate group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first surface side has a resin consumption of less than 600 g/m2 and/or 100-600 g/m2, preferably 150-500 g/m2, and a gloss value measured at 60 degrees according to DIN 67530-1982 of 0-20 gloss units, preferably 2-10 gloss units. A specific energy peeling for peeling topcoat specified on the first surface side is at least 100 J/m2, preferably at least 200 J/m2. The structural element has a second surface side parallel to the first surface side, whose surface also has open pores and is applied with a resin, where the surface of the second face side is produced by hot element cutting, preferably a hot wire cutting, such that the surface is partially thermally sealed. The thickness tolerance of the structural element measured at a plane-parallel plate between the first- and the second surface side is less than 1mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm. The structural element has parallel weld seams, preferably perpendicular-, intersecting weld seams, which form a stiffening effect ridge structure. The foamed plastic is predominantly closed. The first side surface extends perpendicular to an orientation of the polymeric structure, oriented in an extrusion direction and/or perpendicular to the surface extension of welded seams provided between the body segments. The hot element is a hot wire with a diameter of 0.25-2 mm. Preferred Method: The welding takes place by surface melting of the side surfaces to be joined and subsequently joining the side surfaces, and hardening the melt zones forming flat weld seams in the form of low-porosity or pore-free plastic inter-layers. The temperature of the hot element is adjusted to 300-700 degrees C at least at the start of a cutting operation. A relative speed of 50-150 m/second is generated between the hot element and the foamed material block during dividing. The method comprises fixing a first top coat and a second top coat in the infusion process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diol solution of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is added to the esterified product at 220-240 degrees C, in the ratio of 0.1-5 wt.%. The ratio of the phosphoric acid alkali metal salt added is 0.1-7.0 mol/t, with respect to the polyester composition. The diol component further added after the esterification is added in the ratio of 0.05-0.65 mol, with respect to the dicarboxylic acid component. A trifunctional or more copolymerization component is added before the polycondensation reaction starts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic particles are chosen from silicon dioxide particles, titanium dioxide particles and barium sulfate particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diol solution of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is added to the esterified product at 220-240 degrees C, in the ratio of 0.1-5 wt.%. The phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is added in the ratio of 0.1-7.0 mol/t with respect to the polyester composition. The ratio of the diol component added after the esterification is 0.05-0.65 mol with respect to the dicarboxylic acid component. A trifunctional or more copolymerization component is added before the start of the polycondensation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The donor organic group-containing monomeric unit (I) is of formula (II)-(VIII).R1=optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl;R2=H or optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl;R3=optionally substituted 1-28C alkyl, alkoxy, aryl or heteroaryl;R6=H or halo;andR7=1-20C alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The pi -electron conjugation polymer is copolymer having at least two different monomeric units. The pi -electron conjugation polymer is block copolymer. Preferred Definitions:    a=group of formula (i)-(viii);    b=group of formula (ix)-(xix);    T1=-CR12-, NR1-, -SiR12- or -GeR12-;    R4=H, halo, optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl or aryl;    T2=-NR1-, -SiR12- or -GeR12-;    T3=-NR1-, -O- or -S-;    m=1-3;    n=0-3;    T4=-NR1-, -O- or -CR2=CR2-;and    T5=oxygen or sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N- dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is selected from is (triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) chloride, tetra (triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) chloride or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphorus ligand is tri-tert-butyl phosphine, tri-tert-butyl phosphine or 2-dicyclohexyl phosphine-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl. The molar ratio of the organic palladium and the organic phosphorus ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium to compound (II) is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Bromo thiophene derivative of formula (II) and dioxaborolane of formula (II) in molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 are reacted under oxygen-free environment in organic solvent containing catalyst and subjected to Suzuki coupling reaction in presence of catalyst containing organic palladium and/or organic phosphorus ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): A bromine-containing compound of formula (II) and nitrogen-containing compound of formula (III) are added under a oxygen-free environment in the molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 into the organic solvent containing catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction, to obtain polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit. Preferred Components: The catalyst contains organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is chosen from bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride, tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphorus ligand is chosen from tri-tert-butyl phosphine, tri-tert-butyl phosphine and 2-dicyclohexyl phosphine-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium and bromine-containing compound (II) in the catalyst is 1:20-1:100. Preferred Process: The methanol is added into solution after Suzuki coupling reaction of compound (II) and nitrogen-containing compound (III) and filtered. The solid is extracted after filtration by methanol and n-hexane, and solid obtained is extracted after extraction by chloroform. The chloroform solution is collected, and solvent is evaporated, to obtain purified polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heat shield filler aluminum nitride, aluminum trioxide, barium nitride, magnesium oxide. The high-transmission coating film comprises aluminum alcoholate, silica sol, surface modification surfactant, organic and inorganic composition binder. The heat shield filler and the high pass heat shield composition are mixed in a dispersion medium before injecting the heat radiation filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Electrolyte solution contains polymeric compound of formula (R 3)(R 4)C=CH 2 (3-a), R 6-C(=O)-C(R 5)=CH 2 (3-b), (3-c), or H 2C=CH-C(R 9)=CH 2 (3-d). Electrolyte solution contains 0.001-0.1 mol/L polymeric compound.Xb=single bond or bivalent coupling group;Ra, Rb=substituent;n=0-5;m=0-8;R 3, R 9=H or alkyl group;R 4=aromatic group, heterocyclic group, nitrile group, alkoxy group, or acyloxy group;R 5=H, alkyl group, or CN;R 6=alkyl group, alkoxy group, or NH 2;R 7, R 8=H, alkyl group, or aromatic group;X, Y1, Z=bivalent coupling group -O-, -S-, -(C=O)-, - C(=S)-, -NR-, -SO-, or -SO 2- which can form 5- or 6-membered ring; andR=alkyl group or aromatic group. Preferred Definitions:    Ya, Za=alkyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, or heteroaryl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic fluid is selected from pentafluorobutane and perfluoro- polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The metal layer is a rolled aluminum layer. The thickness of the metal layer is 12 mu m or more. The thickness of the weather-resistance layer is 50 mu m or more. The thickness of sum total of the weather-resistance layer, contact bonding layer and metal layer is 120 mu m or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of terminal carboxyl groups is less than 7 millimole/kg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin contained in the weather-resistance layer is polybutylene terephthalate. The acid-modified polyolefin resin contained in the contact bonding layer is acid-modified polyethylene, preferably acid-modified linear low-density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymerization initiator is of formula: R2-B'-(-R1)(-R2)(-R3)-R4.Z+ (I) or R6-O-Al-(-O-R5)(-O-R6)(-O-R7)-R8.Z+ (II), preferably initiator of formula (III) or (IV). The polymerizable monomer is a compound having radically polymerizable site and radically polymerizable site reaction-promoted by Lewis acids. Polymerizable site which is reacted promoted by Lewis acids is a cycloalkyl, an epoxy, an oxetane, a vinyl, an isocyanate, alkoxysilyl, hydrosilyl, or a transition metal alkoxide structure. The content of polymerizable monomer in an electrolytic solution is 5x 10-1-1x 10-2 mol/L, preferably 5x 10-2-1x 10-4 mol/L.R1-R3=aryl or heteroaryl;R4=alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;Z+=cation;R5,R7=aryl or heteroaryl;R8,Alk=alkyl;R9-R14=acyl, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, cyano or halo;andn=0-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional group (X) is chosen from carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and amino group. The epoxy compound (c2) is chosen from trimethylol-propane polyglycidyl ether and glycerol triglycidyl ether. The total amount of alkylation methylolmelamine resin and epoxy compound is 5-50 %mass with respect to the total amount of urethane resin (A) and polyolefin resin (B). The ratio of alkylation methylolmelamine resin (c1) and epoxy compound (c2) is 5/1-1/5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The semiconductive layer has electroluminescent, photoconductive and organic semiconductor. Preferred Properties: The hole injection layers have optical extinction coefficient less than the optical extinction coefficient of hole injection layer (23) in a predetermined wavelength range. The optical extinction coefficient of hole injection layers is less than 0.03. The hole transport material is undoped. The hole injection layers are p-doped. The hole injection layer (23) has a conductivity of more than 1 S/cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A layer comprising hole transport material is further provided between hole injection layers and semiconductive layer. The hole injection layers further comprise conductive polymer chosen from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrenesulfonate), poly(acetylene), polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, polyfluorene, poly(3- alkylthiophene), poly(3, 4-thylenedioxythiophene), polytetrathiafulvalene, polynaphthalene, polyparaphylene, poly(p-phenylene sulfide) and poly(p-phenylene vinylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrochemical cell further has electrode, metallic lithium, and liquid electrolytes containing lithium-containing salt and nonaqueous solvent chosen from polymers, cyclic or non-cyclic ethers, non-cyclic or cyclic acetal and cyclic or non-cyclic organic carbonates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The basic compound comprises a polymeric material having an imino group or an amino group and is chosen from polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine and polyvinylamine. The electrode contains 50-500 ppm basic compound. The protection layer and protection layer (2) are distributed on the main surface of sealing material. The protection layer (1) comprises glass plate or ceramic board. The protection layer (2) comprises resin sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The light-receiving surface side protection portion is selected from any one of glass plate, ceramic board or acrylic resin board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light-receiving surface side sealing material is formed of polyolefin. The back surface side protection portion is selected from any one of material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polymethylacrylate, polyamide, polyimide and polymethylacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic bag is a polycarbonate bag.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric compound is polyurethane or polycarbonate.
Preferred Definitions:    X=carboxy or its salt; and    Z=phenylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid contains hexafluorophosphate ion, fluoroimidazolium ion, methylfluoroimidazolium ion or acetate ion as anion. The molar ratio of number-of-moles of the repeating unit to number-of-moles of ionic liquid is 2-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte further contains nonaqueous organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The solar cell module formed by carrying out the hardening process of easily adhesive layer (a2) comprising polyisocyanate compound (B) having 0.1-10 isocyanate groups with respect to one hydroxyl group in the (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A). Preferred Composition: The easily adhesive layer (a1) and (a2) comprises (meth)acrylic-type copolymer (A) having glass transition temperature of 0-100 degrees C, number average molecular weight of 5000-250000, and hydroxyl value of 2-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The easily adhesive layer (a1) and easily adhesive layer (a2) comprises wavelength conversion material. The sealing material (s1) at the side of light-receiving surface has ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as main component. The polyisocyanate compound (B) is block forming polyisocyanate (B1). Preferred Property: The melting point of olefin film is 10 degrees C or more than the temperature at the time of easily adhesive layer (a2) during hardening.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solar cell module has a photovoltaic cell consisting of a single crystal silicon-type compound or a polycrystalline silicon-type compound, and a front component consisting of a translucent component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (A) comprises biaxially-stretched polyethylene terephthalate and/or biaxially-stretched polyethylene naphthalate. The layer (B) comprises fluororesin chosen from polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and tetrafluoroethylene- hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer. The sealing material comprises a polyethylene-type resin composition containing 50-99 %mass ethylene- alpha -olefin random copolymer having crystal melting heat quantity of 0-70 J/g measured with heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute using differential scanning calorimetry and 1-50 %mass ethylene- alpha -olefin block copolymer having crystal melting peak temperature of 100 degrees C or more and crystal melting heat quantity of 5-70 J/g, measured with heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute using differential scanning calorimetry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymeric p-type-semiconductor compound is a copolymer having a repeating unit (A) of formula (I) and a repeating unit (B) of formula (II).A=atom chosen from 16 group elements of periodic table;R1=hydrocarbyl optionally having heteroatom;Q=atom chosen from 14 group elements of periodic table;X1,X2=O or S;andR2-R5=H, halo or hydrocarbyl optionally having heteroatom.R2-R5 are optionally combined with each other to form a ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microparticles having refractive index of 2.2 is chosen from zinc oxide microparticles, tin oxide microparticles, tungsten oxide microparticles and bismuth oxide microparticles. Preferred Composition: The cover for solar energy power generation further comprises intermediate layer provided in between photocatalyst coating film and main frame, to protect the cover main frame from oxidation ability caused due to photocatalyst particulates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cover main frame comprises resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): A high molecular compounds of formula: X11-A11-X12 or X13-A12-X14 are dissolved in an organic solvent, to obtain high molecular compound.X11-X14=polymerization-reactive group;A11=structural unit (I);andA12=structural unit (II). EXAMPLE - 0.18 mmol 4,6-Dibromo-10,12-dihexyl-5,11-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(12),3,6,9-tetraene-2,8-dione, 0.18mmol (2,8-bis((2-methylhexyl)oxy)-11-(trimethylstannyl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)trimethylstannane, 2 mol% tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), 2 mol% tri-otolylposphine and 0.05 M toluene were provided into the test tube with a lid, and argon gas substituted gas was provided in an examiner with a lid. Then, reaction was performed for two days at 120 degrees C. After reprecipitating, methanol, hexane, and chloroform were separated and refined by Soxhlet, to high molecular compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the annulation synthesizes at least one aromatic ring on the compound, where the aromatic ring is a heterocycle. Preferred Components: The electron acceptor is selected from 41 compounds, as given in the specification, e.g. benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4,7-diyl, (1,2,5)thiadiazolo(3,4-c)pyridine-4,7-diyl, and groups of formulae (ia)-(via).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The polymer (P1) is prepared by polymerizing the monomer and an electron acceptor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acrylic adhesive comprises acryl urethane polymer obtained by mixing and reacting polyisocyanate with acryl-type polymer (A1) obtained by polymerizing monomer component containing acidic group-containing monomer and hydroxyl group-containing monomer, adding acryl-type polymer (A2) obtained by polymerizing monomer component comprising hydroxyl group-containing monomer and acidic group-containing monomer into mixture of acryl urethane polymer (B2) obtained by polymerizing acryl-type polymer and mixing and reacting with polyisocyanate, or acryl urethane polymer (B3) obtained by mixing and reacting polyisocyanate with acryl-type polymer (A2) obtained by polymerizing monomer component comprising hydroxyl group-containing monomer and mixture of acidic group-containing polymer. The acrylic adhesive contains 4C or more alkyl-group containing monomer. The base material comprises plastic base material containing polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide and/or polyether imide. Preferred Property: The glass transition temperature of acrylic adhesive is 25 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The conducting chains of lead-based particles are attached to conductive fiber material formed by impregnating paste comprising lead-based particles into and passing formation current through electrode. Preferred Composition: The lead-based particles contain lead or lead oxide particles. The paste further contains dilute sulfuric acid containing 0-2.5 wt.% sulfuric acid, expander comprising lignosulfonate, and anti-gassing agent containing silver, bismuth, zinc or compound of silver, bismuth or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Properties: The average interfiber spacing between fibers in conductive fiber material is less than 50 microns. The conductive fiber material has average spacing of less than 20 microns and average fiber diameter of less than 20 microns. Preferred Composition: The conductive fiber material comprises carbon fiber material, or rayon, polyacrylonitrile, phenol resin or pitch material. The carbon fiber material comprises nonwoven carbon fiber material or woven carbon fiber material. The nonwoven carbon fiber material comprises carbon fiber felt material. The woven carbon fiber material comprises knitted carbon fiber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The membranous polymers material is the poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The solvent is the m-xylene or the p-xylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The self-assembled monolayer is made of (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl)trichlorosilane or Teflon(RTM:PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic nanoparticles are formed uniformly spaced at 5-100 nm, preferably 5-30 nm, and has average particle diameter of 5-100 nm, preferably 10-30 nm. The metallic nanoparticles have dot or ring structure, preferably ring structure. The metallic nanoparticles have outer diameter and inner diameter ratio of 1.5:1-3:1. The metallic nanoparticles comprise gold, silver, copper and/or their alloys. The metal precursor comprises hydrochloride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate or acetate and/or their hydrates of gold, silver or copper and/or their alloys, preferably hydrogen tetrachloroaurate, copper(II) chloride, silver nitrate, copper sulfate, copper nitrate, silver acetate and/or their hydrates. The method uses 0.1-1 equivalent of the metal precursor, and 0.3-1 wt.% block copolymer. Preferred Method: The metal precursor reduction process is performed by heat treating at 300-500 degrees C under nitrogen or argon atmosphere, or plasma treating, which is carried out using hydrogen plasma, argon plasma or oxygen plasma.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The block copolymer has a molecular weight of 10-1000 KDa, and comprises polystyrene-polyvinyl pyridine, polystyrene-polyethylene oxide and/or polyisoprene-polyvinylpyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pore-forming agent is chosen from azo compound, ammonium bicarbonate, benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis-(2-methylbutyronitrile), and azobispropionamide dihydrochloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is chosen from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(4-styrene-sulfonate), polyaniline, polyaniline/camphorsulfonic acid, polyaniline/poly(4-styrene-sulfonate), polypyrrole and polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The carboxyl group of high-molecular compound forms metal salt, the high-molecular compound is crosslinked.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The wave tube is made of quartz filament carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode layer is made of indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The donor material layers are made of thiophene. The receptor material layers are made of (6, 6)-phenyl C61-methyl butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The composite layer is made of poly (3, 4 dioxy thiophene) and poly (styrene sulfonic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cathode gas sealing head is made of PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polypropylene, poly phthalocyanine imine and phenolic resin. The anode sealing head is made of polyethylene, te polypropylene, poly phthalocyanine imine, phenolic resin, PVC and polytrifluorochloroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and second adhesive layers are made of epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, urethane based resin, polyethylene based resin, polyester polyol resin, silicone rubber based resin, acrylic resin, bismaleimide resin and/or polyimide resin. The thermoplastic resin unstretched film is made of olefin-based polymer and/or olefin copolymer. The first and second adhesive layers have a thickness of 3-10 mu m respectively. The thermoplastic resin unstretched film has a thickness of 30-60 mu m. The polyimide film has a thickness of 15-50 mu m. Preferred Components: The components of the aluminum foil layer are manganese, copper, magnesium, silicon, iron, zinc, zirconium and chromium. The aluminum foil layer has a thickness of 18-60 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-metallic material may be a polyurethane sponge, non-metal fiber weaving cloth, non-metal fiber mesh or a composite of any of those two materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thickening agent in coating composition of base material is made of acrylic polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The filler is chosen from glass fiber, carbon fiber, talc, mica, wollastonite or titanium pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The grafting agent is chosen from acrylic acid, acrylic ester, maleic acid, maleic anhydride or methylene succinic acid. The silane is vinyl trimethoxy silane or vinyl triethoxy silane. The catalyst is chosen from dibutyl tin laurate, stannous octoate, dibutyltin diacetate or dioctyl tin laurate. The initiator is ditert butyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide. The polyethylene resin has melting point of 120-135 degrees C by differential scanning calorimetry and melt flow rate of 2 g/10 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of grafted polyethylene is 15-40 parts weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ferric oxide nanochains or magnetic nanoparticles are: linear; and induced from the nanoparticles upon the application of an external magnetic field. The partially light transparent electrode comprises indium-tin-oxide (preferred) or high work-function metal. The second electrode comprises a composite of calcium and aluminum, or a composite of low work-function metal. The magnetic nanoparticles comprise a metal oxide or metals, which comprises ferric oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel(II) oxide, cobalt or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electron acceptor is a fullerene or fullerene derivative comprising thieno(3,4-b)thiophene benzodithiophene or phenyl-c71- butyric acid methyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer is poly(3-hexylthiophene) or thieno (3,4-b)thiophene benzodithiophene. The polymer comprises positive-type organic molecules, and the fullerene comprises negative-type organic molecules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Upper limit electric potential is 1.2-1.3 V (vs.RHE). Minimum electric potential is 0.05 V (vs.RHE). Electric potential scanning speed of the electric potential scan is 0.1-500 mV/s. Preferred Process: Electric potential scan is performed with water by humidified atmosphere, or catalyst particles are immersed in electrolyte solution. Preferred Components: Electric potential scan is performed using electrode which contains catalyst particles, solid polymer electrolyte, and electroconductive material provided on the surface of electrolytic membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ultraviolet absorption layer also consists of urethane resin, acrylic resin and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is chosen from polymer containing oxazoline group, polymer containing carbodiimide group, and polymer containing block isocyanate group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The liquid is methylphenyl polysiloxane. The olefin resin is ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and 3-20C alpha -olefin, propylene- alpha -olefin copolymer obtained by copolymerizing propylene and 2, 4-20C alpha -olefin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 5-40 wt.%, and/or ethylene ester copolymer obtained by copolymerizing ethylene and ester(s), preferably ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer having a density of 0.86-0.9 g/cm3, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 25-40 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrochemical cell can be selected from the group consisting of lithium-thionyl chloride cell, nickel cadmium cells and lithium polymer cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic fine particles comprise rutile-type titanium dioxide as main constituent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The solar cell backside sealing sheet has thermal contraction rate of 0.2-3.0% along the longitudinal direction at 150 degrees C, breaking elongation retention of 50-100% after stimulating hydrolysis test at 105 degrees C relative humidity of 100% and pressure of 0.03 MPa for 200 hours, breaking elongation retention of 35% or more after stimulating photodegradation test at 63 degrees C and relative humidity of 50% for 100 hours under ultraviolet irradiation with intensity of 100 mW/cm2, and change in color value (basterisk) of 12 or less after stimulating photodegradation test at 63 degrees C and relative humidity of 50% for 100 hours under ultraviolet irradiation with intensity of 100 mW/cm2. The polyester resin of polyester resin layer (B) has intrinsic viscosity of 0.63-0.90 dl/g, and acid value of 25 or less equivalent/ton. Preferred Process: An application layer containing polyurethane resin comprising polycarbonate polyol as a structural component is positioned on the surface(s) of polyester film. The solar cell backside sealing sheet is obtained by laminating polyester resin layer (A), polyester resin layer (B) and polyester resin layer (C). An easily bonding layer is provided in polyester-resin-layer (C) side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluid encapsulant comprises polyurethane resin, polyurea resin or hybrid polyurethane-polyurea resin. The topcoat further comprises polyepoxide and polyamine. The primer comprises epoxy, polyurethane, ketamine, cyclic carbonate and/or polyaspartate coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The inorganic particles of topcoat and primer comprise mica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The primer comprises polyepoxide and polyamine (preferably polyamine comprising fluorine-containing polymer). The topcoat comprises polyepoxide and polyamine; or fluorine-containing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The facet has an intermediate polymeric foam layer, where the polymeric foam is chosen from polyurethane or polycarbonate. The rear supporting layer made of a thermoplastic material i.e. polyethylene (PET), loaded with fiberglass. The facet includes a UV radiation protection system that comprises ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) or polyurea-based coating, or elastomer or heat shrinkable sleeve or ribbon, or two I-shaped polymer sleeves to be clipped enclosing the facet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating material is made with either cotton wool, mineral wool, rock wool, perlite, fiberglass, calcium silicate, cellular glass, polyurethane foam, elastomeric foam, phenolic foam, polystyrene, polyisocyanurate or polyiso, polyurethane or cork.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The number of the terminal carboxyl group equivalence in the polyester film is 15 eq/t or less. The polyester film has intrinsic viscosity of 0.5-0.7 dl/g, yellow index change of 6 or less, measured by irradiating high-pressure mercury lamp for 7 hours, based on Lasteriskaasteriskbasterisk colorimetric system. Preferred Process: The polycondensation reaction process of polyester is further performed under pressure reduction, to obtain biaxially-stretched polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The embedded layer is made of intrinsic conductive polymer which is selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, poly(para phenylene), polyphenylene-vinylene, polythiophene, polyethylendioxythiophen, polyaniline or polypyrrole, metal or carbon powder. The carrier film or layer of laminating film is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or silicone film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Nitrogen-containing compounds of formula (I) or (V) are reacted in the presence of palladium catalyst and base, to obtain high molecular compound.X"=halo or groups chosen from group of formula (i)-(iv);W'=halo;Y'=nitrogen atom or -CH=;Z=oxygen atom, sulfur atom or selenium atom;R3=H or optionally substituted 1-30C alkyl;andR4,R5=H, halo, 1-30C alkyl or 1-30C alkoxy. EXAMPLE - (In mmol) nitrogen gas was substituted in the 100 mL three necked flask which attaches the reflux tube. Tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium (0), (3.66 mg), and tris(o-tolyl)phosphine (4.87 mg) were added, and stirred at 100 degrees C for 3 hours. Then, o-dichlorobenzene solution (8.3 mL) of phenyl bromide (0.6) deaerated by carrying out argon gas bubbling for 30 minutes was added to the obtained mixed solution, and stirred at 100 degrees C for 1 hour. N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamic-acid sodium trihydrate (1 g) and water (9 g) were added, and stirred at 100 degrees C for 3 hours. The obtained reaction solution was left still and liquid-separated organic layer was cleaned in water and 10 weight% acetic acid aqueous solution. Then, the liquid-separated organic layer was dripped at acetone (100 mL) and precipitate was obtained. The obtained precipitate was purified in the silica gel column using o-dichlorobenzene as developing solvent, and obtained o-dichlorobenzene solution was poured into methanol. The solid was deposited, and filtered. Then, obtained solid was cleaned with acetone for 3 hours using the Soxhlet extractor, to obtain high molecular compounds with yield of 78%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tertiary component salt is aluminum salt, cerium salt, yttrium salt, ytterbium salt or bismuth salt. The zirconium salt and tertiary component salt is chloride, nitrate or sulfate. The dispersant is modified polypropylene or polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic phase-change material is selected from one of crystalline hydrated salt, molten salt, metal and alloy material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic phase-change material is selected from one of paraffin, fatty acid, high-density polyethylene and polyol material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The main component is made of metal oxide that is selected from one of titanium oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, indium oxide, copper oxide, chromium oxide, strontium titanate and stannic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic salt is antimony pentachloride or antimony pentachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inverse opal layer is doped with tin-containing inorganic salt or fluoride-containing inorganic salt or organic salt, and organic solvent selected from ethanol, isopropanol or butanol. The fluoride-containing inorganic salt or organic salt is sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, ammonium fluoride, 1-methyl-3-ethyl imidazole trifluoroacetic acid and/or tetraethyl ammonium fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weather-proof layer is polyethylene terephthalate protection layer, and has thickness of 10 mu m. Preferred Property: The thickness of the PVF layer is 27 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The hydrolysis-resistant PET layer has a thickness of 50 mu m. The thickness of adhesive layer and PET protective layer is 10 mu m. The reinforcing layer is made of PET.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shell body is made of modified poly p-phenylene oxide plastic material. The breathing film is made of expanded poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - A protective cover is made of transparent glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A center of a half fixing plate is provided with a plastic shell locating frame.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of core and shell is 20-70:80-30. The composite material has dimension of 0.1-20 microns. The lead salt is lead acetate and/or lead nitrate. The alkali is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic carbon source is chosen from glucose, sucrose, polyethylene pyrrolidone and starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The continuous metallic phase is a stack of metal layers selected from aluminum/nickel-chromium/copper, aluminum/ nickel-chromium/tin-copper, or aluminum-silicon/nickel-vanadium/tin-copper, where the aluminum or aluminum-containing alloy is made to be in contact with the amorphous silicon layer. The metal stack also contains upper contact layer on the opposite side of adhesion contact layer selected from copper, tin and silver containing alloys; copper-tin-silver containing alloy; copper-tin alloy; tin; or noble metals such as gold, silver or palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The handbag comprises a connector e.g. standard female universal serial bus (USB), mini USB or micro USB connector.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The handbag comprises a body made of soft waterproof material e.g. expanded polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first barrier film comprises mixture of polymeric material and non-polymeric material, or mixture of polymeric silicon and inorganic silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The plate is made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The luminescent material includes aluminosilicates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The luminescent material includes doped lanthanide ions, complex organo-lanthanide, aluminate doped in rare earth ions, and calcium aluminate. The cell includes germanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plate is made of plastic, and the zone includes an encapsulation layer made of polymeric material such as polyvinyl butyral, standard polyvinyl acetate, silicone, polycrystalline silicon, or any other adapted polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The casing is externally and internally covered with polyester powder dye. The changeable tank for the collection of mercury thermometers is made in the form of plastic bottle. The changeable tank for collection of energy-saving lamps is made in the form of zinc-coated box.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fixing material in a mixed layer of the boundary portion comprises at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic barrier layer includes one or more of a metal, a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal carbide, a metal oxygen nitride, a metal oxygen boride, where the metal is silicon, aluminum, selenium, zinc, antimony, indium, germanium, tin, bismuth, a transition metal, or a lanthanide metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic barrier layer and the inorganic barrier layer are alternately deposited in the barrier stack. The organic barrier layer and the inorganic barrier layer are deposited a total of less than 10 times in the barrier stack. Preferred Components: The organic barrier layer has: a thickness of 0.1-20 mu m and the inorganic barrier layer has a thickness of 5-500 nm; and a water vapor transmission rate of less than 4 g/m2-24 hours as measured at 37.8 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 24 hours at a layer thickness of 5 mu m in a thickness direction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photocurable composition comprises: 1-99 pts. wt. of the photocurable monomer and/or 1-99 pts. wt. of the silicon-containing monomer or oligomer; and 0.1-20 pts. wt. of a photopolymerization initiator. Preferred Components: The photocurable monomer comprises: a monomer having 1-30 of a optionally substituted vinyl group, 1-30 of a optionally substituted acrylate group or 1-30 of a optionally substituted methacrylate group; and one or more of a mono(meth)acrylate having a 1-20C-alkyl, a di(meth)acrylate of a 2-20C-diol, a tri(meth)acrylate of a 3-20C-triol or a tetra(meth)acrylate of a 4-20C-tetraol. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of (in pts. wt.): aluminum (20); pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (10); 1,3-bis(3-methacryloxypropyl)tetramethyl disiloxane (35); 1,3-bis(3-methacryloxypropyl)tetrakis(trimethylsiloxy)disiloxane (35); and initiator (6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conducting material is tin oxide material, and comprises platinum (1 wt.%) deposited on the tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The core group (C1) is a triazine-based core group, preferably 2,4,6-trimethyl-(1,3,5)triazine. The electron acceptor is tetrafluoro-p-benzoquinone, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane, and/or tetracyanoethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheet containing polyolefin is used as transparent resin sheet and the sheet containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is used as colored resin sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin is epoxy resin, polyester resin, vinyl ester resin, methylmethacrylate resin, unsaturated polyester resin, or phenol resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The fiber material is obtained by knitting warp and weft. The weft is thread which consists of glass fiber or organic fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The silicon compound is chosen from polysilazane and silsesquioxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film comprises polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate as polyester. The ultraviolet absorption layer comprises polymer containing active hydrogen-containing functional group and polyisocyanate compound. The ultraviolet absorption layer further comprises acrylic resin containing ultraviolet absorber and/or optical stabilizer. The film further has inorganic oxide vapor deposition layer and layer having heat bondability with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, provided on surface opposite to ultraviolet absorption layer, of polyester film. Preferred Property: The film has total light transmittance of 85% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The nanoparticles include titanium, metal oxide, metal nitride or a metal hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or carbo-xymethyl-cellulose (CMC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of glass particles is 1-80 %mass. Preferred Property: The volume average particle diameter of the glass particles is 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The donor element is chosen from phosphorus trioxide, phosphorus pentoxide and antimony trioxide. The glass particles contain silicon dioxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, cadmium oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide and molybdenum oxide. The composition further comprises fumed silica as inorganic filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gelatinizer contains organic compound of formula (I). The content compound having urea group or compound having ester bond, and gelatinizer is 0.1-10 %mass, and 0.1-10 %mass, respectively. The compound having urea group or compound having ester bond has intermediate polar group at the terminal.R1,R2=H or CH3.Preferred Condition: The decomposition temperature of the compound having urea group or compound having ester bond is 400 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises thickener chosen from cellulose derivative, acrylic resin and alkyd resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The solar-cell module has sealing material, photovoltaic cell and two protection components laminated on main surfaces of the sealing material. At least one of protection component contains protection sheet. A portion or all portion of the sealing material has thermoplastic layer of protection sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic layer contains 0.5 part mass or more organified layered mineral with respect to 100 parts mass thermoplastic resin, and further contains acid-modified polymer. The content of acid-modified polymer is 100 parts mass or more with respect to 100 parts mass organified layered mineral. The thermoplastic resin is polyolefin resin. The acid-modified polymer contains polyolefin-type oligomer containing acid-modified polyolefin chain. The protection sheet further has tie layer between the base material and the thermoplastic layer. The tie layer contains an adhesive material having adhesiveness. The adhesive material contains a copolymer of ethylene, and (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic acid ester and/or vinyl acetate as a main component. The thermoplastic layer is layer laminated on sealing material contained in solar-cell module. Preferred Property: The acid-modified polymer has acid value of 20-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Process: The adhesion-facilitating process is performed on surface where thermoplastic layer is laminated on base material. The thermoplastic layer is laminated on one side of base material by extrusion coating. The thermoplastic layer and tie layer are laminated on one side of the base material by co-extrusion coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Battery: In the sodium secondary battery, the cathode further contains a second polymer of which a solid state is maintained at the operating temperature of the sodium secondary battery. The cathode active material is sodium transition metal oxide, sodium transition metal phosphate, or a mixture. The sodium salt is one or two or more selected from salts defined by Formula (1): NaX.X=I, ClO4, PF6, BF4, CF3SO3, or N(CF3SO2)2.The molar ratio of the sodium salt: a repeating unit of the first polymer is 1:2-50. The contents of the sodium salt and the first polymer contained in the cathode are 5-100 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. of a cathode active material. The cathode contains 1-50 pts. wt. of the polymer precursors based on 100 pts. wt. of the cathode active material. The cathode further contains inorganic particles. The cathode contains 0.1-40 pts. wt. of the inorganic particles based on 100 pts. wt. of the cathode active material. The inorganic particle is one or two or more selected from aluminum oxide (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), barium titanate (BaTiO3) and lead titanate (PbTiO3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The second polymer is obtained by in-situ cross-linking polymer precursors contained in the cathode, at the cathode, due to operation of the sodium secondary battery. The first polymer is one or two or more selected from polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polymethylene oxide (PMO), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), and (poly(ethylene glycol)) (PEG). The polymer precursors contain one or two or more materials selected from divinyl benzene, acrylate, acrylamide, glutaraldehyde, benzoxazine, and poly(amic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The melt viscosity/share rate ratio of the resin composition is 0 to -0.2. The resin film has thickness of 30-1000 mu m. Preferred process: The resin composition is extruded by T-die type extruder. Preferred Composition: The component (C) is condensed-phosphoric-acid ester type flame retardant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic metal salt is a halide. The metal species of inorganic metal salt is iron or cobalt. The precursor further contains conductive support agent. Preferred Process: The method further involves washing the nitrogen-containing carbon alloy with acid, and rebaking nitrogen-containing carbon alloy. Preferred Property: The nitrogen-containing carbon alloy has specific surface area of 670 m2/g or more, by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ( beta )-diketone metal complex is of formula (II). The ( beta )-diketone metal complex id acetylacetone iron (II), bis (dipivaloylmethane) iron (II), bis (diisobutoxy methane) iron (II), bis (isobutoxy pivaloyl methane) iron (II), or bis (tetramethyl octadione) iron (II).M=metal;R1,R3=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl;R2=H, or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl;or R1+R2+R3=ring;n=0 or more;andm=1 or more. Preferred Definitions:    Q=benzene ring, pyridine ring, or condensed ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The p-type dopant is a boron-containing material selected from boron, boron nitride, boron oxide, boric acid, boron carbide, boron silicide, boron-doped group TV nanoparticles, aluminum boride, barium boride, calcium boride, cerium boride, chromium boride, cobalt boride, dysprosium boride, erbium boride, europium boride, gadolinium boride, hafnium boride, holmium boride, iron boride, lanthanum boride, lutetium boride, magnesium boride, manganese boride, molybdenum boride, neodymium boride, nickel boride, niobium boride, praseodymium boride, rhenium boride, samarium boride, scandium boride, strontium boride, tantalum boride, terbium boride, thulium boride, titanium boride, tungsten boride, vanadium boride, ytterbium boride and zirconium boride. The ceramic particle is selected from silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, titanium dioxide, alumina, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, lithium oxide, beryllium oxide, strontium oxide, scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium(IV) oxide, cerium(III) oxide, praseodymium oxide, neodymium oxide, samarium oxide, europium oxide, gadolinium(III) oxide, tantalum(V) oxide, thorium oxide, dysprosium oxide, holmium oxide, erbium oxide, thulium oxide, ytterbium oxide, lutetium oxide, thorium dioxide, uranium dioxide, zirconium oxide and hafnium dioxide. The doped silicon substrate is boron doped silicon substrate. The front anti-reflective layer and the rear passivation layer comprise silicon nitride (SiNx). Preferred Composition: The concentration of the ceramic particle is 3-50 wt.%. The concentration of the p-type dopant is 0.5-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ink further comprises a ceramic particle and a polymer binder. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the polymer binder is 0.5-3 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 65-75 weight% glass frit, 1-2 weight% binder, 1.5-2.5 weight% plasticizer and remainder of solvent. The glass frit contains 35-75 mol% vanadium pentoxide, 15-30 mol% phosphorus pentoxide, 30 mol% or less barium oxide, 25 mol% or less zinc oxide, 20 mol% or less arsenic oxide and/or antimony oxide, 15 mol% or less iron oxide, 5 mol% or less bismuth oxide, boron oxide, titanium oxide and/or alumina, and 7.5% or less magnesium oxide. Preferred Properties: The composition has viscosity at 30 rpm of 40000-80000 cPs and viscosity ratio at 10-50 rpm of 1.3-1.6. The glass frit has glass transition temperature of 280-360 degrees C, curing temperature of 300-380 degrees C and firing temperature of 400-450 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The basic non-metallic material is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammonia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of poly(styrenesulfonate) and non-metallic materials in hole transport layer composition is 0.2-0.5. Preferred Properties: The pH of the hole transport layer is 2-2.6. The average thickness of the hole transport layer is 50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum paste composition further comprises 1-25 wt.% of polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% of organic solvent that are mixed to the organic vehicle. Preferred Components: The barium oxide is present in an amount of 0.1-10 (preferably 0.5-7) mole%. The glass frit comprises 30-60 mole% of lead oxide, 1-15 mole% of aluminum oxide, 20-40 mole% of silicon dioxide, 10-30 mole.% of bismuth oxide, 0.5-5 mole.% of titanium oxide and 0.1-10 mole% of barium oxide, and is present in an amount of 0.01-5 wt.%. The aluminum powder is present in an amount of 60-78 wt.%. The organic vehicle is present in an amount of 20-35 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum paste composition further comprises 1-25 wt.% of polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% of organic solvent that are mixed to the organic vehicle. Preferred Components: The barium oxide is present in an amount of 0.1-10 mole%. The glass frit comprises 30-60 mole% of lead oxide, 1-15 mole% of aluminum oxide, 20-40 mole% of silicon dioxide, 10-30 mole.% of bismuth oxide, 0.5-5 mole.% of titanium oxide and 0.1-10 mole% of barium oxide, and is present in an amount of 0.01-5 wt.%. The aluminum powder is present in an amount of 60-78 wt.%. The organic vehicle is present in an amount of 20-35 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the n-type conductive layer and p-type conductive layer is 2-20 mu m and 3-48 mu m, respectively. Preferred Composition: The strontium-titanium oxide is of formula: Sr1-x-zM1xTi1-yM2yO3 or (Sr1-xM1x)1-zTi1-yM2yO3. The lanthanum-magnesium oxide is of formula: La1-x-zM3xMn1-yM4yO3 or (La1-xM3x)1-zMn1-yM4yO3.M1=La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd or Pm;M2,M4=Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, V, Ni, Zn, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Mo, W or Si;M3=Sr, Ca, Ba or Mg;y,z=0-0.2;andx=0.05-0.4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent used in the production of solid oxide fuel cell is chosen from alpha -terpineol, ethanol, toluene, amyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, isopropyl alcohol, acetone and ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder used in the production of solid oxide fuel cell is chosen from ethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of glass frit in the composition is 1-20 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive powder is aluminum. The content of conductive powder is 50-90 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic additive and organic vehicle in the composition is 0.5-1.75 weight%, preferably 0.5-1.25 weight% and 10-50 weight%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid solution is phosphoric acid solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: A reference line paper used in the measuring method comprises acryl impregnated resin. ELCTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY- Preferred Component: The fuel cell includes phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole electrolyte film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone and acryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The volume extensibility material is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, lithium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, semicarbazide, azobisformamide, azobisisobutyronitrile and diazoaminobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer in polymer pouch is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, and polypropylene and glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The indium tin oxide coating layer, the aluminum zinc oxide coating layer, and the indium zinc oxide coating layer are formed on the substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic board consist of titanium, steel, zinc and tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of catalyst comprises mixing reactive metal precursor, magneli phase titanium oxide and deionized water to prepare mixed solution, dissolving borohydride reducing agent of formula (BH4-) (I) in mixed solution and then stirring, and dipping magneli phase titanium oxide into the stirred mixture, and putting (I) into the mixed solution, where the mole ratio of (I) is 6 mole/minute. Preferred Method: The method comprises: dipping 15 wt.% of reactive metal in magneli phase titanium oxide; mixing reactive metal precursor, magneli phase titanium oxide and deionized water at a speed of 500-1500 rpm for 12-36 hours to prepare mixed solution; and collecting the catalyst, washing the collected catalyst and then drying at a temperature of 90-100 degrees C and filtering the dried catalyst. Preferred Components: The reactive metal includes cobalt, molybdenum, iron, cesium or lanthanum, and platinum, ruthenium, palladium and iridium. The catalyst is nano particle. The reactive metal has a mean size of 1.5-7 nm. The reactive metal has a dispersion density of 1x 1016/1m2 to 1x 1018/1m2. The reduction solution includes reducing agent having molarity of 0.1-1. The mole ratio of the mixed solution of the reduction solution to reducing agent is 1:8.3-33.3. The mixed solution includes reactive metal precursor having molarity of 0.04-0.16. Preferred Components: (I) is sodium borohydride and/or potassium borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The window electrode forming the cell top surface comprises a transparent conductive metal oxide. The monolithic material comprises a continuous metal. The second conductive material comprises nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second conductive material comprises an electrically conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The radiant emissive coating contains carbon black, titanium dioxide, voids, water absorbing compounds, clays, zeolite, silica gel, or a phase change material. The thermal conductive layer on the dielectric material is made of silver, copper, aluminum, iron, tin, brass, zinc, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, zirconium, graphite, carbon fibers, metal powder loaded polymers, or metal oxide loaded polymers. The radiant emissive coating is made of aluminum oxide anodized layer, titanium dioxide, glass encapsulated titanium dioxide, zeolite or acrylic hydro gel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dielectric material layer, which forms the flat front and back relief structures, is made of glass, plastic, ceramics, glass fiber reinforced polymer, metal oxide impregnated polymer, alumina powder impregnated polymer, graphite impregnated polymer, metal impregnated polymer, silicone rubber, butyl rubber, urethane polymer, or ethylene vinyl acetate. The radiant emissive coating is made of carbon black loaded polymers, titanium dioxide loaded polymers, sodium sulfate hydrate encapsulated in silicone rubber, waxes, polymers, sodium sulfate hydrate encapsulated in urethane polymer, or sodium sulfate encapsulated in silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The selectively conducting material is tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The carbon supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst comprises 25-30 wt.% preferably 27.5-28.5 wt.% platinum and 2-6% preferably 3.5-4.5% cobalt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of component (B) and component (C) is 0.1-5 parts mass and 0.001-5 parts mass, preferably 0.002-1.9 parts mass, respectively. The mass ratio of content of component (C) to component (B) is 0.005-1. The component (C) is phosphorus compound having molecular weight of 250 or more, preferably phosphine oxide or phosphate ester. The component (B) is aromatic polycarbodiimide. The aromatic polycarbodiimide has structural unit obtained by superimposing and closing diisocyanate chosen from tolylene diisocyanate, toluylene diisocyanate, 2,4,6-triisopropyl phenyl diisocyanate and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light-incidence surface of the light guide material or the resin body is covered with film of fluorine-containing resin. The silicone resin raw material composition includes organo-hydrogenpolysiloxane, and a heavy metal typecatalyst, an organometallic compound and the catalyst chosen from metal fatty acid salt, making the dimethyl organopolysiloxane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light guide material includes polyacryl resin, a polyester resin, fluorinecontaining resin or polycarbonate resin. The light-incidence surface of the light guide material or the resin body is covered with the film of a polyparaxylylene. The silicone resin is resin of hardening-type of a gel form or rubber form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer comprises inorganic compound chosen from silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, oxidized carbonization silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, oxidized aluminum nitride and oxidized aluminum carbide. The inorganic layer comprises two or more inorganic layers. Preferred Properties: The thickness of inorganic layer formed by chemical vapor deposition is less than 20 nm, preferably less than 0.1-5 nm, and has carbon content of less than 20 atomic%, preferably less than 5 atomic%. The thickness of inorganic layer formed by vacuum evaporation method is 0.5-100 nm, and has carbon content of 2 atomic% or more to less than 5 atomic%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier film consists of 1-3 layers of structural unit layers. The anchorcoat layer (A) comprises polyester-based resin, urethane-type resin, acrylic resin and isocyanate-containing resin, and isocyanate-type compound. The gas-barrier film further comprises has an anchorcoat layer (B) between the base material and inorganic layer. Preferred Property: The anchor-coat layer (A) has thickness of 0.1-1000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal is zinc. The liquefier comprises a peroxide solution containing 0.01-50 wt./wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution; and a peroxide precursor. The solution is an alkaline solution. The hydrogen peroxide solution is added to the fuel cell or battery at an amount of 0.1 mu l to 1000 ml per 1 g of the solid or semi-solid spent fuel. The peroxide precursor is sodium perborate, potassium perborate, sodium persulfate, and/or potassium persulfate. The metal-fuel in the anode compartment is reversibly electrochemically generated. The metal-fuel is in a gel form, and comprises a zinc powder, an alkaline electrolyte and a thickening agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thickening agent is starch, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(acrylic acid), carboxymethylcellulose, a cross-linked polymer gelator, and/or ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer (preferably poly(acrylic acid), especially carbopol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin sealing sheet does not contain an organic peroxide, and further contains 0.01-5 %mass coupling agent and additive chosen from antioxidant, optical stabilizer and ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin sealing sheet comprises compound comprising silane coupling agent having vinyl group and/or methacryloxy group. The resin sealing sheet is multilayer resin sealing sheet having outer layer laminated on 2 or more layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The organic photovoltaic cell has a bulk heterojunction structure containing the photoelectric conversion layer, where the photoelectric conversion layer contains a mixture of the electron donor and electron acceptor for accepting an electron released from the electron donor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer: is a reaction product derived from (V); and has a polymerization degree of 10-150 and molecular weight of 7400-111500. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic photovoltaic cell has a bulk heterojunction structure containing the photoelectric conversion layer, where the photoelectric conversion layer contains a mixture of the electron donor and an electron acceptor for accepting an electron released from the electron donor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is a reaction product derived from a polyphenylene (V). The polymer has a polymerization degree of 10-150; has a molecular weight of 9900-364000. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R6=alkyl groups;    R1a-R6a=3-20C alkyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanate compound comprises aliphatic isocyanate compound and/or its polyisocyanate derivative. The content of vinyl acetate in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 1-80 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The melt flow rate of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 0.5-2500 g/10 minutes. Preferred Components: The resin film layer is polyester film or fluorine resin film. The polyester film is polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. The fluorine resin film is polytetrafluoroethylene film, polyvinylidene fluoride film or polyvinyl fluoride film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative electrode is made of lithium metal or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer having ethylene oxide structure contains 5-95 mol% repeating unit derived from monomer of formula (II), 95-5 mol% repeating unit derived from monomer of formula (III) and 0-10 mol% repeating unit derived from ethylenically unsaturated monomer of formula (IV), and has weight average molecular weight of 50000-2500000. The polymer is crosslinked.R4=1-12C alkyl or -CH2O(CR5R6R7);R5-R7=H or -CH2O(CH2CH2O)nR8;n=0-12;R8=optionally substituted aryl or 1-12C alkyl;andR9=ethylenically unsaturated group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal containing carbon black content of less than or equal to 20 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The diameter of dye-sensitized solar cell absorber layer is preferably 5-15 nm. Preferred Components: The reflection barrier layer is chosen from poly(methylmethacrylate), or polystyrene organic anti-reflection coating. The inorganic anti reflective layer is magnesium fluoride, silica, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide or aluminum oxide. The tandem solar cell further has buffer layer, primary metal electrode, secondary metal electrode and metal oxide layer. The buffer layer is chosen from cadmium sulfide, indium selenide and zinc oxide. The primary metal electrode is chosen from molybdenum, aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, copper and nickel electrode. The secondary metal electrode is chosen from nickel-aluminum alloy, nickel, and aluminum electrode. The metal catalyst film is chosen from platinum, palladium, carbon nanotube and graphene catalytic layer. The transparent electrode is chosen from fluorine-doped tin oxide, S-doped indium oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide and boron-doped zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white inorganic material comprises titanium dioxide. Preferred Property: The white inorganic material has particle size of 0.1-10 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyethylene film layer is formed by coating composition containing polyethylene resin and white inorganic material on the polyester film layer. Preferred Composition: The polyester in the polyester film layer is polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate. The content of white inorganic material in the polyethylene film layers is 2-15 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyethylene resin. Preferred Property: The thickness of the polyethylene film layers is 10-250 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diffusion stopper is made of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and chrome oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The diffusion stopper is made of titanium, chromium, nickel, aluminum and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thin film has a BET specific surface area of 70-100 m2/g and a pore size of 10-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and/or alcohol. The titanium precursor is titanium n-butoxide, titanium n-ethoxide, titanium n-propoxide, titanium n-isopropoxide, and/or titanium tetrachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of alumina and polymer is 1:0.3-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass frit is bismuth or vanadium. The amount of filler is less than 10 weight%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic resin is ethyl cellulose resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, olefin-acrylic resin, olefin-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is methyl cellulose or hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose. The plasticizer is polypropylene carbonate, and the polyethylene glycol (polyethyleneglycol) and dibutyl phthalate. The lubricant is stearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active agent contains magnesium oxide. The stabilizer comprises (in parts weight) tribasic lead sulfate (2-3), dibasic lead phosphate (2-3) and lead stearate (2-3). The reinforcing agent comprises white carbon black (10-12), carbon black N330 (10-12) and carbon black N772 (10-12). The filler comprises talc (5-10) and calcium carbonate (5-10). The composite vulcanizing agent is NFPB-W-type magnesium salt-based vulcanizing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antioxidant contains tetra(methyl- beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionate)pentaerythritol ester. The flame retardant comprises (in parts weight) antimony trioxide (6-10), chlorinated paraffin (6-10), tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (6-10) and composite flame retardant (10-15). The low-temperature plasticizer comprises dioctyl sebacate. The lubrication additive comprises stearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Middle layer contains weather-resistant agent e.g. hindered amine light stabilizer. Surface layer does not contain weather-resistant agent. Silane coupling agent has vinyl group, epoxy group, methacryloxy group, and/or amino group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ionizing radiation-induced crosslinked resin is polyolefin resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer saponified compound, and/or ethylene copolymer containing glycidyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition has a fatigue life of greater than or equal to 50000 (preferably greater than or equal to 100000) cycles in unaged state, and/or has fatigue life of greater than or equal to 5000 (preferably greater than or equal to 8000) in the aged state at 150 degrees C. Preferred Method: The method comprises mixing the homopolymer and the copolymer in the latex form, drying the mixture, and combining the dried mixture with the plasticizer in the molten state. The copolymer is an elastomer. Preferred Components: The fluorinated comonomer copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride is hexafluoropropylene. The plastizer is dibutyl sebacate (preferred), dioctyl phthalate, N-n-butyl sulfonamide and/or polymeric polyesters. The homopolymer and the copolymer are present in dry form, preferably in powder form, during mixing step, which is carried out in a molten state. The mass proportion of: the plasticizer is 1-5%, preferably 2-3.5%; the copolymer is 20-35%, preferably 25-35%; and the hexafluoropropylene monomer is greater than or equal to 26%, preferably less than or equal to 37%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ABA triblock copolymer includes a component polymer comprising polyethylene oxide, polydimethylsiloxane, poly-2-vinylpyridine, polystyrene, and polymethylmethacrylate. The ABA triblock copolymer has a bulk period and the pattern has a period that is greater than or equal to 1.2, preferably greater than or equal to 1.4, to the bulk period. The pattern includes one or more features having effective pattern periods of at least plus minus 1.2,preferably greater than or equal to 1.4 period. A ratio of A and B domain widths in the layer is 1.5-2. The pattern has a duty cycle of 20:80-40:60. The layer of material is deposited on a chemically patterned surface (207a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The crystalline polymer comprises high density polyethylene made of 3-25 wt.% polymeric material layer, and low density polyethylene made of 18 wt.% polymeric material layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Article of manufacture is solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Mixing step is performed by stirring for a predetermined time. Electrode is fabricated on top of a conducting substrate. Preferred Components: Substrate contains patterned graphite substrate. Substrate is a transparent conducting (TC) layer containing indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass layer or transparent flexible substrate coated with TC layer. Preferred Conditions: Sintering temperature is 300-500 degrees C, and sintering time is 10-30 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: LPAH soot material is produced by hydrogen-containing gas electrical arc. NHS is formed by standard chemical methods or physical methods including electrical arc or sputtering from graphite target. NHS is formed by using electrical arc, a pair of graphite electrodes is used in hydrogen-containing atmosphere with gas pressure in the range of tens of torrs to hundreds of torrs. NHS film is formed by intermixing NHS species with appropriate surfactants to produce desired physical and electrical characteristics for operation of electrode for a device. Preferred Components: LPAH film contains randomly oriented nanosheets of hydrocarbon species homogenously and uniformly distributed throughout LPAH film. LPAH film contains nanopores and channels. Suspension of LPAH contains LPAH particles and surfactant mixed in surfactant in a solution. Article of manufacture contains nanosized hydrocarbon structures (NHS) formed of LPAH material. NHS is assembled from benzene rings with hydrogen atoms terminating any free bonds around the NHS.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Surfactant contains amphiphilic-triblock copolymer e.g. poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO20-PPO70-PEO20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric mat comprises woven material, nonwoven material or molded material, preferably polyester, polysulfone, polyolefin, liquid crystalline polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, phenol-formaldehyde resin, acrylic, polyether, polyamide, polystyrene, polyimide, fluoropolymer and/or polyurethane, or nonwoven polyester material, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and/or polyethylene naphthalate. The polymeric mat excludes a binder material. The encapsulant comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene methyl acetate, ethylene butyl acetate, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer, silicone, polyurethane, thermoplastic olefin, ionomer, acrylic and/or polyvinyl butyral. Preferred Property: The photovoltaic device has a wet insulation resistance tested at 1000 volts of 40 megaohm meter2 or more after aging for 1000 hours at 85degreeC under 85percent relative humidity based on IEC 61215.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has molecular weight distribution of 1-100. The polymer is chosen from 14 compounds e.g. compound of formula (II)-(VI). Preferred Definitions:    n=30-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis-(3-dodecylthiopropionate), di-dodecylthiopropionate, di-tetradecylthiopropionate or dioctadecylthiopropionate. The ratio of the antioxidant is 0.03-0.35 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of copolymer. The antioxidant further contains phenolic system antioxidant chosen from thiodiethylenebis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl))propionate, octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxy phenyl)propionate, isotridecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert butyl-4 hydroxy phenyl)propionate or isooctyl-3-propionate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reflection layer is reflection layer containing metal and/or metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During application process, coating material (M1) is applied to form application layer (16A) on the reflection layer side, and then coating material (M1) is applied by curtain flow-coating method on the application layer (16A), to form application layer (18A) on the application layer (16A). Preferred Composition: The coating material (M2) contains curing agent (a1), curing agent (a2), resin component curable with curing agents (a1) and (a2), and solvent. In the coating material (M2), molar ratio of block-forming isocyanate group in curing agent (a1) and block-forming isocyanate group in curing agent (a2) is 5/95-30/70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polymerization mean molecular weight of norbornene-type ring-opened polymer hydride is 40000-200000, measured by gel permeation chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: The solar cell sealing material sheet contains less than or equal to 1 mass% xylene insoluble content. Addition amount of organic peroxide is 0.1-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of polyolefin resin. The polyolefin resin is an ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer which contains 80-90 mol.% ethylene and 10-20 mol.% 3-20 carbon containing alpha -olefin. Preferred Parameters: The 1-minute half life temperature of organic peroxide is 100-170 degrees C. Preferred Process: Additive chosen from silane coupling agent and crosslinking adjuvant is added.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Sealing material contains 0.3-3 pts. wt. organic peroxide with respect to 100 pts. wt. EVA.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of organic peroxide is 0.3-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high permittivity dielectric particulate comprises an inorganic salt chosen from barium titanate, sodium borohydride, sodium borohydride and borax salt and a transition metal salt chosen from gadolinium salt, strontium salt, tin salt and iron salt. Preferred Process: A breakdown voltage adjuvant comprising an element (a) chosen from yttrium, nickel, samarium, scandium, terbium, ytterbium, lanthanum, tellurium, titanium, zirconium, germanium, magnesium, lead, hafnium, copper, tantalum, niobium and bismuth, or a compound of element (a), is further added (120) to the slurry.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic polymer comprises a polymer chosen from shellac, zein, silicone oil polymer and poly-p-xylylene polymer. The organic polymer comprises a monatomic oxygen synthesized poly-p-xylylene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the secondary battery, interplanar spacing (d002) of a (002) plane of the carbon material is less than or equal to 0.34 nm, which is measured by an X-ray diffraction method. The anode includes carboxymethyl cellulose. The carbon material and the styrene-butadiene rubber include an anode active material layer having a thickness of greater than or equal to 20 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated cyclic ester carbonate has a content of 0.01-10 wt.%. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 56 compounds (I) is specifically claimed e.g. 4-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one of formula (Ia), 4-fluoro-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-difluoro-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one and 4,4-dimethyl-5-methylene-(1,3)dioxolan-2-one.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyamide comprises 35 mol% aromatic repeating units derived from polycondensation of dicarboxylic acid (A) comprising non-aromatic dicarboxylic acid or derivative and diamine component (B) comprising aromatic diamine, and/or polycondensation of aminocarboxylic acid or lactam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolyester resin further contains elemental phosphorus. The content of elemental phosphorus is 100 ppm or less with respect to total content of polyester resin. Catalyst used during polymerization of copolyester contains aluminum compound and phosphorus compound. Preferred Process: The copolyester resin is subjected to thermal oxidation test, which involves freeze-grinding polyester resin sample to 100 mesh or less powder, vacuum-drying at 70 degrees C for 12 hours under 1 torr or less, providing 0.3 g dried product into glass test tube, and carrying out heat-process at 200 degrees C for 60 minutes under air atmosphere. Preferred Properties: The difference between reduced viscosity before thermal oxidation test of copolyester resin and reduced viscosity of copolyester resin after thermal oxidation test is 0.03 dl/g or less. The glass transition temperature of the copolyester resin is 70 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide precursor contains 70 mol% or more tetracarboxylic acid component capable of forming repeating unit (I) and 30 mol% or less tetracarboxylic acid component other than tetracarboxylic acid component (A). The precursor contains 70 mol% or more diamine component (B) capable of forming repeating unit (I) and 30 mol% or less diamine component other than diamine component (B). Preferred Definitions:    A=tetravalent groups of formulae (II)-(V);    B'=groups of formulae: -Ar1-O-C(=O)-(Ar2-O-C(=O))n-Ar3, -Ar4-O-C(=O)-Ar5-C(=O)=-O-(Ar6-O-C(=O)-Ar7-C(=O)-O)n-Ar8-, -Ar9-C(=O)-O-(Ar10-C(=O)-Ar11-C(=O)-O)n-Ar12O-C(=O)-Ar13-;    R1=direct bond, -CH2, -C(CH3)2, -SO2, -Si(CH3)2, -C(CF3)2, oxygen or sulfur atom;    R2=CH2, C2H4, oxygen or sulfur atom;    R3,R4=CH2, CH2CH2, oxygen or sulfur atom;    Ar1-Ar13=bivalent group having 6-18C aromatic ring;and    n=0-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Component (B) contains saturated hydrocarbon e.g. isoparaffin-type hydrocarbon and/or petroleum-type hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The blue pigment is cobalt blue.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The fluorine resin film has light transmittance (Tir%) in wavelength of 1800-2200 nm of 20-70%. The film thickness of fluorine resin film is 10-500 mu m. The light transmittance (Tv%) of fluorine resin film in wavelength of 380-700 nm is 85-98%. The light transmittance (Tir%) in wavelength of 1800-2200 nm is 20-50%. The yellowness (YI) of fluorine resin film in wavelength of 380-700 nm satisfies the relation: -0.01t less than or equal to YI less than or equal to 0.03t.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The crosslinking agent is oxazoline group crosslinking agent and/or melamine group crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modified polyolefin resin is modified polyethylene resin having a carboxyl group content of 1-8 wt.% and a peel strength of 4-12 kgf/cm2. The aqueous coating composition comprises 0.1-20 wt.% modified polyolefin resin, 0.01-20 wt.% crosslinking agent, and remaining water, and further comprises 0.01-40 wt.% additive chosen from emulsifier, wetting agent, inorganic particles, and alcohol. Preferred Properties: The composition is coated by inline coating method. The adhesive layer has an adhesive force of 4-12 kg/cm2. A functional PTFE film and/or polyester film are formed on the side of base layer in which the adhesive layer is not formed. The polyester film has a thickness of 12-300 mu m. The dry thickness of coated composition is 10-500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of rutile-type titanium dioxide and benzoxazol group fluorescent brightener with respect to total weight of film is 10-20 weight% and 100-900 ppm, respectively. The polyester white film further includes 50-700 ppm oxazoline group thickening agent, and 40-400 ppm oleic acid and its mixture. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of rutile-type titanium dioxide is 0.1-0.5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer (c) having ethylenically unsaturated group comprises 0.1-20 wt.% monomer chosen from monomer (d) having ethylenically unsaturated group and monofunctional or polyfunctional epoxy group in a molecule, monomer (e) having ethylenically unsaturated group, and monofunctional or polyfunctional amide group in a molecule and monomer (f) having ethylenically unsaturated group, and monofunctional or polyfunctional hydroxyl group in a molecule, and 50-99.7 wt.% monomers (g) having ethylenically unsaturated group other than monomer (a,b,d-f). The monomer (g) is monomer (h) having ethylenically unsaturated group and 8-18C alkyl group in a molecule and/or monomer (i) having ethylenically unsaturated group and cyclic structure in a molecule. The content of monomer (h) and (i) is 30-95 wt.% with respect to total content of monomers (a)-(c). The binder composition further contains unbridged compound (D) chosen from unbridged epoxy group-containing compound, unbridged amide group-containing compound, unbridged hydroxyl-containing compound and unbridged oxazoline group-containing compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate monomeric unit is unit of monomer chosen from methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and (meth)acrylate-type radically polymerizable monomer of formula: CH2=CR1COO(R2O)nR3.R1=H or methyl;R2=C2H4, C3H6 or C4H8;R3=2-15C alkyl;andn=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethyl vinyl acetate sheet contains fine particle in fused state. The fine particles further contains 0.1-5 pts. wt. crosslinking agent, 0.1-3 pts. wt. crosslinking aid and 0.1-3 pts. wt. ultraviolet-blocking agent, with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene vinyl acetate resin. Preferred Properties: The fine particles have average particle diameter of 200-400 mu m, and angle of repose of 40 degrees or less. The ethyl vinyl acetate sheet has thickness of 250-400 mu m. Preferred Process: During manufacture of ethyl vinyl acetate sheet, fine particles are frozen and crushed at -150 degrees C to -100 degrees C, and dispersed to thickness of 750-1200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon material is chosen from graphite, graphene, carbon nanotube and carbon nanofiber. The metal particles contain aluminum, gold, silver, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, tungsten and iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate has a metallic layer (14) formed on a polyester film layer. The metallic layer has two or more layers differing in thermal conductivity. The surface layer has a polyethylene-type film layer (22) having inorganic material, fluorine coating layer (24) containing ethylene-containing fluorine resin, and surface layer containing primer and formed on fluorine coating layer. The fluorine paint coating layer contains 5-70 pts. wt. heat insulating material chosen from carbon material and metal particles, and 100 pts. wt. fluorine resin. The fluorine paint coating layer has thickness of 0.1-300 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Photoactive material comprises porous film of semiconductor oxide having photosensitizing dye and n-type semiconductor. Hole transporting material comprises p-type semiconducting A/M/X compound. The A/M/X compound is compound of formula AMX3 (I) e.g. CsSnI3 doped with metal halide or CsSnBr3 doped with metal halide, compound of formula AMX(3-x)X'x (II) e.g. CsSnI(3-x)Fx optionally doped with SnF2 or CsSnI(3-x)Brx optionally doped with SnF2, compound of formula A2MX4 (III), compound of formula AM2X5 (IV), compound of formula A2MX6 (V), or compound of formula AMX5 (VI). Material contains 1st phase comprising compound (II) and 2nd phase comprising metal halide dopant. Dopants are main group elements, transition metal elements, lanthanide elements, and/or actinide elements.X'=halo; andx=0.01-0.99.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Photoactive material is photoactive organic polymer. Preferred Definitions:    A=Cs, M, or Sn;    X=I; and    X'=F or Br.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active-material particles are carbon particles, carbon-silicon multilayer particles, carbon-tin multilayer particles, carbon-tin dioxide multilayer particles, carbon-copper multilayer particles, multilayer particles of carbon and metal alloys, or nanoparticles of silicon, tin, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, titanium, or lithium titanate. The active-material particles are coated with lithium-iron phosphate, lithium-manganese spinel, or mixed oxide of lithium with nickel, cobalt or manganese. The particles have an average particle diameter of 200 nm to 150 mu m, preferably 0.5-50 mu m, and a BET specific surface area of 0.5-1000 m2/g, preferably 2-100 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polyelectrolyte comprises aliphatic and/or aromatic rings, and/or heterocycles, and/or carbon nanomaterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The corrosion-resistant back contact layer includes conductive oxide or metal consisting of doped tin oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, titanium oxide (TiO2), and tungsten oxide (WO3). The hydrogen catalyst includes metals of iron-platinum group consisting of iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum and their alloys including cobalt sulfide (CoS2-x), nickel sulfide (NiS2-x), molybdenum iron sulfide ((Mo1-xFex) S2-y) and their composites, and nickel-nickel oxide (Ni-Ni1-xO) and titanium disilicide. The oxygen catalyst includes cobalt oxide (CoO), manganese oxide (Mn2O3) and their alloys and ternary phases of the binary systems including nickel oxide(NiO)-CoO, NiO-Mn2O3, CoO-iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3), ruthenium oxide-Fe2O3, Fe2O3-TiO2 and Fe2O3-WO3. The semiconductor structure includes amorphous and crystalline, doped or undoped silicon or chalcopyrite. The photoanode includes Fe2O3 and bismuth vanadium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The proton-conducting membrane includes sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer or beta -alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive layer is made of zinc-oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide or aluminum-tin doped indium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The energy absorbing system is provided with a material selected from thermoplastic material, thermoset material, composite material, elastomeric material and foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cement further includes a plasticizing system (10-20 mass%) that includes a compound consisting of polyisobutylenes, polybutylenes and aromatic and paraffinic plasticizing oils, silane adhesion type promoter system (0.2-1 mass%), and organic and/or mineral type diluting loads (10-20 mass%). The plasticizing system includes a mixture of: a first polyisobutylene with an average molecular mass of 30000-40000 g/mol and a second polyisobutylene with an average molecular mass of 45000-60000 g/mol measured by gel permeation chromatography.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cement is deprived of any resin hardening with the ambient air by a cross-linking chemical reaction with oxygen and/or atmospheric moisture. The tackifying resin has a softening point of 85-170 degrees C measured by a ring and ball. The TPV comprises an elastomer that is polymerized by a metallocene catalyst and non-grafted polyolefin, where the elastomer is ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, polyoctenes, isobutylene-isoprene rubber copolymer or nitrile butadiene rubber, and the polyolefin is polyethylene or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. The TPV includes a reticulation system that includes phenolic resin or peroxide. The tackifying resin includes a first tackifying resin having the softening point of 92-98 degrees C, a second tackifying resin having the softening point of 90-95 degrees C, and a third tackifying resin with the softening point of 142-152 degrees C. The first resin is a phenolic terpene resin (50-60 mass%). The second resin is ethylene copolymer (20-30 mass%), and is ethylene-vinyl acetate-maleic statistics anhydride, ethylene acrylate maleic anhydride copolymers, ethylene-acrylate copolymers or functionalized ethylene maleic anhydride. The third resin is a phenolic terpene resin (10-25 mass%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of the polymer, comprises polymerizing (II) by Suzuki-, Yamamoto-, Stille-, Heck-, Negishi-, Sonogashira-, Hiyama-, Ullmann-, Wittig- or Hartwig-Buchwald polymerization. Preferred Components: The polymer exhibits a molecular weight of 1000-2000000 g/mole. The proportion of the structural units (I) in the polymer is 1-95 mole%. The polymer additionally comprises at least one further structural unit, which is different from (I). Preferred Definitions:    X = halo, O-tosylate, O-triflate, O-sulfonate, boric acid ester moiety, partially fluorinated silyl, diazonium moiety or organotin moiety.    EXAMPLE - 50 mole% 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-(8,8,10,10-tetrabutyl-13-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)tricyclo(9.4.0.02,7)pentadeca-1(11),2(7),3,5,12,14-hexaen-5-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, 43.5 mole% 2,8-dibromo-6,6-bis-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-12,12-dioctyl-6,12-dihydro-indeno(1,2-b)fluorene, 5 mole% 2,6-dibromo-9,10-di-naphthalen-1-yl-anthracene, and 1.5 mole% 2',7'-dibromo-2-N,2-N,7-N,7-N-tetraphenyl-9,9'-spirobi(fluorene)-2,7-diamine were subjected to Suzuki polymerization to obtain the polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The communications circuitry is operated to interface with the communications network using communications protocol such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, radio frequency system, infrared, ZigBee, EDGE connection, and 3G connection e.g. IMT-2000 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The spherical segment or the ellipsoidal segment is partially made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first backsheet is made of Tedlar(RTM: Polyvinyl fluoride) or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first backsheet is made of a material consisting of polyvinyl fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride and/or a thermoplastic elastomer, or a metal. The transparent plastic films are made of a material consisting of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylene terephthalate, fluoro ethylene propylene and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive contact pads have conductive strip material or metal strip material optionally with adhesive layer facing the film web (F1). The conductive strip material is made of metal strip material, grid material and wire material or conductive paste optionally with a flexible cover layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cyclic carbonates (a2) are propylene carbonate and/or ethylene carbonate. The reactive diluents (a3) are selected from 1,4-butanediol bisglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol bisglycidyl ether, 12-14C alkyl glycidyl ether, 13-15C alkyl glycidyl ether and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (preferably 1,4-butanediol bisglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol bisglycidyl ether, 12-14C alkyl glycidyl ether or 13-15C alkyl glycidyl ether). The other amines (b2) are isophoronediamine (IPDA) and/or a mixture of 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine and 2-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diamine (MDACH). The catalysts (b3) are selected from tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP 30) and 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Blend: The blend comprises (a2) 6-18 pts.wt. at least one cyclic carbonate, based on the epoxy resin component (a); and 0.5-7 pts.wt. catalyst, based on the hardener. The blend also comprises reinforcement fibers. Preferred Components: The epoxy resins (a1) are selected from bisphenol A bisglycidyl ether and bisphenol F bisglycidyl ether. The polyalkoxypolyamines (b1) are selected from Polyetheramine D230, Polyetheramine D400, Polyetheramine T403, Polyetheramine T5000 and Jeffamine XTJ-568 (RTM: polyoxyalkylenediamines). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is polyol or polyisocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layer B consists of titanium. The layer C consists of silver or silver alloys containing less than 10 wt.% gold, platinum, palladium, titanium, and/or aluminum. The layer D consists of aluminium oxide or titanium dioxide. The layer E is hexamethyl-disiloxane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic is selected from polycarbonate, polystyrene, styrene copolymers, aromatic polyesters, cyclic polyolefins, poly- or copolyacrylates and poly- or copolymethacrylates, copolymers with styrene, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polymers based on cyclic olefins, and polycarbonate blends with olefinic copolymers or graft polymers, e.g. styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The foam support is expanded polystyrene having a density of 0.9-2.2 lb/ft3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the hindered phenol stabilizer, phosphorus stabilizer and hindered amine light stabilizer is 0.005-0.1 pt. wt., 0.005-0.5 pt. wt. and 0.01-2.0 pts. wt., respectively with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer. The solar cell sealing material further contains organic peroxide having 1-minute half life temperature of 100-170 degrees C, 0.1-5 pts. wt. silane coupling agent, 0.005-5 pts. wt. ultraviolet absorber and 0.05-5 pts. wt. crosslinking adjuvant with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-a~-olefin copolymer. The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer comprises 80-90 mol% structural unit derived from ethylene and 10-20 mol% 3-20C structural unit derived from alpha -olefin. Preferred Properties: The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer has mass flow rate of 0.1-50 g/10 minutes measured at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg based on ASTM D 1238, density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm based on ASTM D 1505 and Shore A hardness of 60-85 based on ASTM D 2240.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The metal microparticles have particle diameter of 1-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The carbon fiber is obtained by carbonizing fine cellulose having carboxyl group on crystal surface. Carboxyl group of fine cellulose containing N-oxyl compound is introduced into the crystal surface by oxidation reaction. Preferred Composition: The fine cellulose has carboxyl radical weight of 0.1-3 mmol/g or less, and cellulose I-type crystal structure. Preferred Properties: The fine cellulose has number-average fiber width of 1-50 nm and crystallinity degree of 50% or more. The number-average fiber length of fine cellulose is 100-10000 times of number-average fiber width of fine cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin (A) contains 60-100 %mass ethylene as monomer unit. The thermoplastic resin composition comprises coloring material. The protective sheet further has intervening layer containing adhesive composition which has adhesiveness with respect to thermoplastic resin layer and base material. The adhesive composition comprises copolymer of ethylene and (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylate, or vinyl acetate. Preferred Properties: The peak melting temperature of thermoplastic resin (B) is 95 degrees C or more. The thermoplastic resin composition has storage elastic modulus of 3 MPa or more, at 80 degrees C. Preferred Process: The thermoplastic resin composition is laminated on one side of base material by extrusion coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic oxide thin film layer comprises inorganic oxide containing silicon oxide and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plastic film is biaxially-stretched polyethylene terephthalate film or biaxially stretched polyimide film. Preferred Process: The polyethylenimine derivative is obtained by reacting polyethylenimine and compound chosen from aldehyde compound, ketone compound, alkyl halide compound, isocyanate compound, epoxy compound, guanidine compound, urea compound, acid and acid anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer further has structure of formulae (IV) and (V).R12= alkyl, aryl (both optionally substituted) or proton;andR3,R4,R5,R6= alkoxyl, aryl, alkyl (all optionally substituted), proton or halo.Preferred Process: The fused heterocycle preparing method further involves protecting carboxylic acid with a protection group, followed by performing chloromethylation with two chioromethyl groups, a cyclization reaction at two chloromethyl groups, hydrolysis of carboxylate protection group, exchange fluorine for bromine and esterification of the carboxylate, reacting the 3-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and methanol to produce 3-bromo-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, reacting the 3-bromo-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester with chloromethoxy-ethane in the presence of titanium tetrachloride at 0 degrees C to produce 3-bromo-4,5-bis-chloromethyl-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, which is reacted with sodium sulfide to produce 3-bromo-4,6-dihydro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, which is reacted with lithium hydroxide, tetrahydrofuran and water to produce 3-bromo-4,6-dihydro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, which is reacted with n-butyllithium and tetrahydrofuran at -78 degrees C and sulfur containing compound of formula (VI) to produce 3-fluoro-4,6-dihydro-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises less than 5% unfluorinated derivative. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxidizing agent is CuCl2, FeCl3, FeBr3, I2, POBr3, GeCl4, SbI3, Br2, SbF5, SbCl5, TiCl4, POCl3, SO2C12, CrO2Cl2, S2C1, O(CH3)3SbCl6, VCl4, VOCl3, BF3, (CH3(CH2)3)2OBF3, (C2H5)3O.(BF4), or BF3.O(C2H5)2. The monomer species is 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. The second electrode comprises a metal. The metal is silver, aluminum, calcium, or gold. The acid is hydrochloric acid, hydrogen bromide, sulfuric acid, or perchloric acid. The electron-donating material comprises tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene, copper phthalocyanine, chloroaluminum phthalocyanine, or tin phthalocyanine. The optionally present first electrode buffer material comprises a metal oxide. The metal oxide comprises molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, or tungsten trioxide. The second buffer material comprises bathocuproine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first electrode comprises a conductive polymer. The conductive polymer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The white pigment comprises titanium dioxide. The photoinitiator comprises bis acyl phosphine oxide (BAPO) and/or trimethyl-diphenyl-phosphineoxide (TPO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high thermal deformation layer comprises a polymer consisting of polyamide (PA) 6, PA 6.6, PA 11, PA 12, polyamide alloys, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthylate (PEN), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). The fluoropolymer consists of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), terpolymers of ethylene with tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene (EFEP), terpolymers of tetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropylene-vinyl fluoride (THV), blends of PVDF with polymethyl methacrylate polymers and copolymers, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF). The adhesive composition comprises: 5-80 wt.% of aliphatic urethane acrylates formed from an aliphatic urethane acrylate oligomer, mono or multifunctional (meth)acrylate oligomers having polyesters and/or epoxy backbones, or aromatic oligomers; and 20-95 wt.% of mono and multifunctional (meth)acrylate monomers, mono or multifunctional (meth)acrylate oligomers having polyesters and/or epoxy backbones, or aromatic oligomers. The aliphatic urethane acrylates are based on polyester and/or polycarbonate polyols.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: installing the battery in the volume; operatively connecting an illumination device to the battery; arranging the first member as a cover; arranging the second member as a base member; connecting the first member to second member by a connector, adhesive or a hot press operation including ultrasonic welding; connecting the first member to second member to form a battery box that can be sealed seamlessly; forming an exit (15) in the battery box; connecting the first and second member to be waterproof; connecting the first and the second member in an outsole free of resin; operatively connecting a circuit comprising the battery, wire, circuit board and switch for illuminating the footwear; connecting the circuit to at least one of the first and second member and sealing the first and second members to make sure the connected members are water proof and extending leads from the volume to many lights in the footwear; and forming an exit in the battery box. Preferred Components: The first and second members are flexible or resilient and may bent without cracking. The first member is connected to the second member by supersonic welding. The battery box further comprises: the battery in the volume; and an illumination device. The footwear further comprises the battery in the sealed volume connected to a light in the footwear. The box comprises acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic, and the battery is connected to an LED. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The uneven relaxation layer is comprised by EVA resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide fine particles contain white metal oxide fine particles and black metal oxide fine particles. The metal oxide fine particles contain metal chosen from titanium, cobalt, chromium, iron, manganese, copper and silicon, and titanium oxide, black composite metal oxide and silicon dioxide. The black composite metal oxide contains cobalt, chromium, iron, manganese, and copper, or manganese ferrite black (PBk26), complex oxide of iron, cobalt, and chromium (PBk27), and copper chromite black (PBk28). The metal oxide fine particles contain white metal oxide fine particles and black composite metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder consisting of organic polymer contains resin containing polyolefin resin and styrene butadiene copolymerization component as a main component. The amount of carbon black in the colored layer is 5-18 mass%. Preferred Parameters: The thickness of colored layer is 0.3-6 micro m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is titanium alkoxide, zirconium alkoxide or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural furan compound is selected from dimethyl-2,3-furandicarboxylate, dimethyl-2,4-furandicarboxylate, dimethyl-3,4-furandicarboxylate or dimethyl-2 ,5-furandicarboxylate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphorus compound having a phosphorus-hydroxyl structure is of formulae (R1-P(R2)(=O)-OH) and (R3-P(OH)-R4), preferably phosphonic acid and phosphoric acid. The negative electrode active material contains lithium transition metal compound having spinel structure of formula (A(B2)X4). The negative electrode active material contains titanium containing lithium transition metal oxide. The titanium containing lithium transition metal oxide contains lithium titanium complex oxide, lithium titanium niobium complex oxide, lithium titanium magnesium complex oxide or lithium titanium complex oxide.R1-R4=OmCnH2n+1 or OmC6H5;m=0 or 1;n=0-4;A, B=lithium, titanium, magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc, strontium, aluminum, scandium, chromium or manganese, or metal cation chosen from iron, gallium or yttrium;andX=O or S.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte solution contains cyclic carbonate of formula (A), preferably halogenated ethylene carbonate or unsaturated cyclic carbonate.R11-R16=CnH2n+1;andn=0-4.Preferred Method: The electrolyte solution is maintained or non-fluidized by a polymeric material, and used as non-fluidity electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric material contains polyvinylidene fluoride. The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution are externally equipped with a laminate film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous electrolyte battery lead wire has plated nickel or nickel on the surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sheet is obtained from polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aggregate of electroconductive filament is 5-40 parts mass with respect to 80 parts mass of adhesive agent resin composition. The diameter of aggregate of electroconductive filament is 3-20 mu m. The electroconductive adhesive agent further contains spherical shape and flat-shaped electroconductive particles. The electroconductive filament is nickel filament. Preferred Properties: The electroconductive adhesive agent has average thickness of 10-30 mu m. The ratio of maximal diameter of aggregate of electroconductive filament and average thickness of film-form conductive adhesive is 0.2-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The transparent flexibility laminated body is curve with curvature radius of 150 mm or less. The retardation of the surface direction of a polyimide resin layer is 10 nm or less. Preferred Composition: The polyimide resin layer consists of a polyimide resin containing 80-100 mol.% structural units of formula (I).Ar1=tetravalent organic group, which has an aromatic ring;andAr2= divalent organic group of formula (a) or (b);R1-R8=H, F, 1-5C alkyl, alkoxyl or a fluorine-substitution hydrocarbon group;R1-R4=F or a fluorine-substitution hydrocarbon group.Preferred Method: The laminated body is coated by using polyimide precursor resin solution on the polyimide resin layer, thermally cured and dried, where the surface roughness Ra of the polyimide resin layer is 5 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The paint layer comprises ceramic additives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheet form has a paint layer comprising polyurethane, vinyl ester, polyester, epoxy resin and/or PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hot-melt-type adhesive bond layer (a) consists of epoxy-modified polyolefin resin composition. The film (b) is an insulating film chosen from group which consists of polyester-based resin film and fluorine resin film. The films (c) is weather-resistance film chosen from fluorine resin film, weather-resistance polyester-based resin film, polyester-based resin film by which fluorine coat is carried out, and weather-resistance polyester-based resin film by which fluorine coat is carried out. The film (d) is a polyester film which has a vapor deposition layer on single surface. Preferred Process: The epoxy-modified polyolefin resin is obtained in presence of radical polymerization initiator by melt-kneading 1-30 pts. wt. epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomers and 1-30 pts. wt. aromatic vinyl monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The number average molecular weight of the conjugated polymer compound is 10000-100000. The conjugated polymer compound preferably has partial structure of formula (II).D1,D2=donor unit containing hetero aromatic ring containing S;A=group of formula (i) or (ii);p,q,r=0-4;Y3-Y5=Y1,Y2;andR2-R5,R8-R11=R1-R7. Preferred Definitions:    Y1,Y2=-S-.    EXAMPLE - 295 mg 10,10,20,20-tetradodecyl-7,17-bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,12-diazapentacyclo(11.7.0.03,11.04,9.014,19)icosa-1,3(11),4,6,8,12,14(19),15,17-nonaene and 124 mg 4,7-bis(5-bromothien-2-yl)-5,6-difluoro-4,5-dihydro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole were dissolved in 20 ml tetrahydrofuran and 20 ml toluene. 360 mg Sodium hydrogen carbonate and 20 ml pure water were added to the resultant solution, deaeration was performed for 5 minutes, 4 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium was added, and refluxed at 110 degrees C for three days. 10 mg Phenylboronic acid was added to the resultant solution, refluxed for 10 hours, then 10 mg bromobenzene was added, refluxed for 10 hours and reacted. The resultant reaction solution was reprecipitated in 500 ml methanol and extracted using methanol, acetone, heptane, chloroform and ortho-dichlorobenzene at 130 degrees C, to obtain 200 mg poly(5,6-difluoro-4-(5-(10,10,20,20-tetradodecyl-2,12-diazapentacyclo(11.7.0.03,11.04,9.014,19)icosa-1(13),2,4(9),5,7,11,14,16,18-nonaen-7-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-7-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) having high purity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A silane coupling agent as adhesive force improvement agent is further added to the main resin material. The content of adhesive force improvement agent with respect to 100 parts mass main resin material is 0.3-0.8 parts mass. Preferred Treatment: The corona treatment is carried out after performing surface embossing on molded product surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A carbon material and the organic pigment are dissolved in 90-100 wt.% concentrated sulfuric acid, and mixed with water to obtain a dispersion. The organic pigment is deposited on the surface of the carbon material and the surface-treated carbon is removed, washed with water and dried. The dried material is heat-processed to obtain the carbon catalyst. The macrocyclic compound is phthalocyanine type compound. The heat-processing is carried out at 500-1000 degrees C in inert gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The depth of the embossing formed in the surface is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm, and the periods of the embossing are 0.1-5 mm. Average surface roughness in the wave-form convex part vicinity is 1.5-10 micro m. Preferred Compositions: Ethylene-type resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The vinyl acetate content of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 21-40 mass%. The resin sheet contains organic peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The intercalation material includes metal oxide, carbon, graphite or graphene and silicon. The nanoparticles include titanium, metal nitride or metal hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder includes polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene butadiene rubber, poly acrylic acid or carboxy methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The organic thin-film solar cell further has a pair of electrodes (10,16), an electron carrying layer (15) between one electrode and the layer containing the sulfide of the periodic table 15-group element, and a hole transport layer (11) between the other electrode and organic-semiconductor layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfide of group-15 element of periodic table is antimony sulfide. The photoelectric conversion layer is a laminated material of a layer containing the sulfide of the periodic table 15-group element and an organic-semiconductor layer, or a composite film (14) formed by mixing and complexing the portions (a) and (b).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The moisture barrier system comprises alternating layers of organic film and inorganic film. The inorganic film comprises metal oxide. The metal oxide is chosen from silicon oxide, tin oxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide. The weatherable layer or coating is transparent, opaque or translucent. The weatherable composite is adhered to a photovoltaic thin-film cell or organic light emitting diode, such that the weatherable layer or coating is exposed to the environment. The photovoltaic thin-film cell or organic light emitting diode is chosen from amorphous silicon, copper-indium-gallium-selenide, cadmium telluride, and organic photovoltaic. The photovoltaic thin-film cell or organic light emitting diode is flexible.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic film comprises polymer chosen from polyester, polyacrylate, polyimide and polycarbonate. The substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, or polybutylene terephthalate. The weatherable layer or coating comprises fluoropolymer, non-functionalized acrylic and ultraviolet absorbers. The fluoropolymer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer or copolymer. The weatherable coating or layer is chosen from fluoropolymer, acrylic, silicone-acrylic and silicone-polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid heat transfer medium comprises water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The surface roughness of the surface which contacts the contact bonding layer in the metal layer is 0.5-5.0 micro m, preferably 1-3 micro m. The contact bonding layer contains polyvinyl acetal resin. The heat conductivity of the laminate along lamination direction is 1-50 W/m.KOR, preferably 0.05-50 W/m.KOR. The thickness of metal layer is 0.01-100 times than the thickness of the graphite layer. The thickness of contact bonding layer, metal layer and graphite layer is 0.5 micro m or less (preferably 0.5-5 micro m), 10-50 micro m and 15-600 micro m, respectively. The heat conductivity of metal layer is 50 W/m.K or more. The heat conductivity of the laminate along a direction substantially perpendicular with respect to lamination direction of the graphite layer is 250-2000 W/m.K. Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl acetal resin includes structural units of formula (A), -(C-C(-OCOCH3))- (B), and -(C(-OH))- (C), further structural unit -(C-C(-R1)(-COOH))- 21(D). The heat radiating component comprises layer containing at least 1 sort(s) of metal chosen from silver, copper, aluminum and nickel, alloy containing metal, and resin layer in one or both of the surface on the opposite side to the surface of the outermost layer, of the heat radiating component which contacts the contact bonding layer.R=H or alkyl;andR1=H or 1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The high thermal conductivity filler comprises graphite, boron nitride, silicon carbide, and aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The camera provided on the reverse end of the shaft is surrounded by a ring-light portion comprised with of a transparent plastic waveguide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the base material is 5-50 mu m. The flame-retardant heat conductive adhesive sheet has total thickness of 120-1000 mu m and tensile elastic modulus of 10 MPa or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte salt contains an imide salt compound of formula M+((ZY')2N)- (I). The volume ratio of the non-fluidic electrolyte in the electrolyte is 0 to 6 vol.%. The content of the electrolytic solution in the non-fluidic electrolyte is 90 to 99 mass% with respect to the non-fluidic electrolyte. The positive electrode active material is a lithium composite phosphate having an olivine type structure of formula LiaM1bPO4.M+=a monovalent cation;Y'=SO2 or CO;Z=F or polymerizable functional group (preferably F);M1=at least on element selected from elements of group II to group XV (preferably iron);a=0-2.0;b=0.5-2.0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The weight-average molecular weight of the polymeric material is greater than or equal to 500000. The polymeric material is at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride and polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrically conductive material comprises at least one of tungsten, aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, carbon, palladium, ruthenium, tin, aluminum titanium nitride, titanium nitride, tungsten nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten titanium nitride, titanium silicon nitride, tungsten silicon nitride, titanium boron nitride, and molybdenum nitride. The low purity porous silicon material contains impurities comprising at least one of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, manganese, chromium, nickel, calcium, zirconium, sodium, and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulant materials are ethyl vinyl acetate or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silver oxide is 10-60 %mass. The content of vanadium pentoxide is 5-65 %mass. The content of tellurium oxide is 15-50 %mass. The content of silver oxide is 2.6 times or less that of content of vanadium pentoxide. The total content of silver oxide and vanadium pentoxide is 40-80 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the ball milling time is 4 hours. In the step (ii), the processing temperature in the tubular furnace is 900 degrees C and the processing time is 1 hour. Preferred Components: The catalyst contains carbon, nitrogen and iron atoms a ratio of 10:1-5:0.5, preferably 10:3:1. The mass ratio of Black pearl 2000 (RTM: Carbon black) and melamine is 1:10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The tubular furnace is a single-section slide rail furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal is chosen from platinum, palladium, cobalt, iron, rhodium, ruthenium, gold, tin, bismuth, copper, silver and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst further contains nano particles or nano alloy of metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises organic resin, solvent, defoaming agent, plasticizer, surface active agent and thixotropic agent. The organic resin is cellulose, acetate cellulose, phenolic resin and/or phenolic epoxy resin. The solvent is a terpineol, ethylene glycol phenyl ether and/or diethylene glycol butyl. The de-foaming agent is silicon oil and/or modified polyether. The plasticizer citrate, phthalic acid methyl ester and/or diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate. The surface active agent is lecithin, span and/or polyether. The thixotropic agent is polyamide wax and/or hydrogenated castor oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon layer comprises pyrolytic carbon and pyrolytic graphite. Preferred Property: The thickness of carbon layer is 0.01-1 mu m. The thickness of light absorption layer is 100 nm to 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon layer is a mixture of aromatic polymer and alcohol. The carbon layer comprises polyfurfuryl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. The aromatic polymer comprises phenol and furan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The primary transition metal is chosen from nickel, copper, palladium, silver, gold, iridium, ruthenium, titanium, cobalt, osmium, iron, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, preferably ruthenium or nickel. The secondary transition metal is chosen from platinum, nickel, copper, palladium, silver and gold, preferably platinum. The core-shell type catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The three-dimensional textile formed with volume compensation element is formed with yarn consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, PVC, polyvinyl acetate, triacetate, PTFE, polyvinyl alcohol, aramid and polyether sulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The connection fingers are provided with a layer made of silicon dioxide and/or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The connection fingers are made of copper and/or aluminum and provided with a coating made of pure or alloyed copper or nickel alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation layer is made of synthetic resin i.e. epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal profiles are steel profiles and aluminum profiles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The molded product includes glass or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thin film is made of crystalline silicon, organic compound, dye sensitive polymer, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride and/or copper indium gallium (di)selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Unsaturated-bond containing alkyne compound of formula (II) or cyclic compound of formula (IV) is reacted with unsaturated-bond containing compound of formula (III), to obtain fulvalene compound.Y'=H or monovalent substituent;andR1,R2=monovalent substituent. EXAMPLE - 156 mg 2,6'-dibromo biphenyl, 89.1 mg 2-ethynyl biphenyl, 35.1 mg palladium catalyst, 7.6 mg copper iodide and 380.6 mg 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene were mixed, 3 ml dimethyl formamide was added to the reaction mixture, heated to 140 degrees C, heat-stirred for 24 hours, cooled to room temperature, solvent was distilled, and purified, to obtain 47 mg (9,9')bifluorenylidene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of resin (A) is 15-85 pts. wt. and the content of resin (B) is 85-15 pts. wt. Preferred Property: The weight of adhesive porous layer is 3-10 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layer: The solar cell module further having intermediate layer (11) comprising sealing material layer which seals solar cell element, and/or base material (13) along the thickness direction at one surface of adhesive layer, interposed between protection component and adhesive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer and intermediate layer contain wavelength conversion material comprising organic dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains a polymer and wavelength conversion material. The content of wavelength conversion material is 0.001-3 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polymer. Preferred Property: The adhesive sheet has tearing-off adhesive force of 0.1-100 N/20 mm at 180 degrees with respect to stainless plate at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The structural unit (a) is structural unit of formula (Ia). The structural unit (b) is structural unit of formula (IIa)-(IIj), preferably (IIj). The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.R13,R14=H or substituent;X11,X12,X21-X30=S, O or Se;andR21-R42=H or substituent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The high-molecular compound has light absorption terminal wavelength of 700 nm or more, number average molecular weight of 3000 or more based on polystyrene conversion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The layered composite metal compound (B) is hydrotalcite of formula: Mg1-a.Ala(OH)2.Ana/n.cH2O or (MdMg1-d)1-e.Ale(OH)2asteriskAne/n.fH2O.a=0.2-0.35;c=0-1;An=n valent anion;M=Ni, Zn, Cu or Ca;d,f=0-1;ande=0.2-0.35.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber-type copolymer (A) preferably contains isoprene or butadiene. The content of layered composite metal is 1-100 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of copolymer or silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The electroconductive nozzle has height of 10 mm or less, and length of 1 mm or more. The supply speed to the electroconductive nozzle of sheet-like thermoplastic resin is 0.1-20 cm/minute. The voltage is applied to 5-100 kV.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of sheet-like thermoplastic resin is 0.1-10 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol concentration of liquid fuel contained in the fuel container is 0-100%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains 0.01-40 wt.% conductive carbon (E) and 0.01-90 wt.% thermoconductive materials (F). The inorganic filler (D) is a layered silicate compound. Preferred Process: The linear polyethylene (B) polymerizes with a metallocene catalyst. The linear polyethylene forms a domain in form of a sea island structure of a matrix, with a domain size of 0.05-2 mu m, and has a lamella structure of polyethylene in the domain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyolefin is polyethylene or polypropylene, preferably polyethylene having weight average molecular weight of 300000-600000 and ratio of weight-average molecular weight to number average molecular weight of 4-8. Preferred Properties: The total thickness of the low-shrinkage encapsulating material sheet is 30-600 mu m. The thickness of the sheets (A) and (B) is 10-200 mu m, respectively each.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises acetonitrile, ethylene glycol, butanol, isobutyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, N- butyl ether, propyl ether, isopropyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methylbuthyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, N-methypyrrolidone, methoxypropionitrile or valeronitrile, and is present in an amount of 10-60 wt.%. Preferred Composition: The gel electrolyte composition comprises divalent group of formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V). N.B. m, n, p values are not defined. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode is lithium metal or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has weight average molecular weight of 50000-2500000, and contains 5-95 mol% repeating units (a) derived from monomer (A) of formula (I), 95-5 mol% repeating unit (b) derived from monomer (B) of formula (II) and 0-10 mol% repeating unit (c) derived from monomer (C) of formula (III). The cyclic carbonate compound is of formula: (IV).R1=1-12C alkyl or -CH2O(CR2R3R4);R2,R3,R4=H or -CH2O(CH2CH2O)n'R5;R5=aryl or optionally substituted 1-12C alkyl;n'=0-12;R6=ethylenically unsaturated group;R7,R9=1-12C alkyl;R8=1-12C alkyl, alkenyl or group of formula (v);m=0 or 1;andn=1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic layer may or may not contain less than or equal to 0.1 mass% polymerization initiator. Electron beam cured resin is acrylic resin. UV absorber is a triazine type UV absorber. Optical stabilizer is a hindered amine light stabilizer. The protective layer containing UV absorber is provided on the inorganic layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diffusion-barrier layer has thickness of 100-500 nm. The iron precursor is chosen from iron sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and iron sulfamate. The chromium precursor is chosen from chromium sulfate and chromium nitrate. The content of the electrolyte is 0.1-8 g/L. The electrolyte is polyethylene glycol and/or sodium lauryl sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The iron-chromium alloy contains 30-50 weight% chromium, and remainder of iron and other unavoidable impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery module housing is made up of fiber reinforced, glass fiber reinforced and glass fiber reinforced polyamides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon particles are graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon black particles and/or graphite particles. The spinning solution contains 1-5 pts. wt. carbon nano fiber precursor and carbon particles with respect to 100 pts. wt. metal alkoxide. The metal alkoxide is silicon-alkoxide, titanium-alkoxide, aluminum-alkoxide and/or zinc-alkoxide. Preferred Properties: The metal oxide-carbon particle-carbon nano fiber composite has diameter of 100-300 nm, specific surface area of 300-500 m2/g and mean working diameter of 1-2 nm. The weight ratio of carbon nano fiber precursor and metal alkoxide is 80-95:5-20. The high-capacity super-capacitor has a capacitance ratio of 112-145 F/g, and energy density of 14.59-18.49 Wh/kg. Preferred Process: The concentration of the carbon particles and the metal alkoxide is controlled.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon nano fiber precursor is chosen from polyacrylo nitrile, polyimide and polybenzimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The copper alloy further comprises 0.1-0.3 wt.% aluminum and 0.01-0.5 wt.% iron. Preferred Components: The rare earth is lanthanum, cerium or yttrium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The aluminum alloy is coated by PVC rubber.
Preferred Definitions:    R2=octyloxyphenyl of formula (i) or (ii), or octylthienyl of formula (iii).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive metal is lithium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, zinc and/or their alloy. The powder of reactive metal includes particles of surface-modified reactive metal. The buffer layer includes ion-conductive material. The anode has porous structure comprising catalyst. Preferred Process: A solid metal-ion conductive layer is formed between buffer layer and electrolyte layer, and metal-air cell has protective layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel-type polymer electrolyte contains ultraviolet-curing-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The stirring step is carried out at a temperature of 0-100 degrees C and a speed of 200-700 revolutions per minute for 2-24 hours. The step of removing the potassium chloride comprises inspecting halogen by acid silver nitrate solution in silver nitrate of 0.8-1.2 g/l. Preferred Components: The content of potassium chloride is 1-8x 10-1 mol/l. The protective gas is inert gas such as nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water is deionized water or distilled water. The ethanol is absolute ethyl alcohol. The volume ratio water and tetraisopropyl titanate and ethanol is 1:(1-50):(100-500). The mass ratio of alcohol, terpinol and ethyl cellulose is 1:(1-4):(1-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The platinum precursor is an inorganic platinum source, preferably chloroplatinic acid, potassium hexachloroplatinate, or potassium tetrachloroplatinate. Preferred Method: The temperature of water bath in step (iv) is 100 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The concentration of triblock copolymer in step (i) is 0.2-2.5 mmol/l. The triblock copolymer comprises Pluronic R (RTM: Poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)), Pluronic F (RTM: Polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol block copolymer), Pluronic L (RTM: Polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer) and Pluronic P (RTM: Difunctional block copolymer surfactant with terminating primary hydroxy groups ).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermosetting resin is selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated resin, an epoxy resin, a vinyl ester resin, and a phenolic resin. The elastomer resin is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane elastomer, a styrene-based elastomer or olefin-based elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The film raw material further contains fumed silica as nucleating agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The crosslinking agent is 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, 4,4-di(t-butylperoxy)butyl ester, dicumyl peroxide, di(2-t-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, and/or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane. The tackifier is gamma -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinylchlorosilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltri(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, gamma -methacryloxypropyldimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriimethoxysilane, and/or N-( beta -aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The antioxidant is dibutylated hydroxytoluene, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), 1,3,5-tris(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanuric acid, octadecyl beta -(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite, di(2-methyl-4,6-di(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol)ethyl phosphonite, bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol phosphite, and/or tetrakis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)-4,4-biphenyldiphosphonite. The light stabilizer is 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone and/or 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The metallocene polyethylene resin has a melt flow rate of 2-30 g/10 minutes as measured by JIS K6922-2, a density of 0.88 g/cm3, and a melting point of 58-60 degrees C as measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler is chosen from kaolin, glass micro powder, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. The ultraviolet-resistant additive is chosen from silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and glass beads.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing polymer is chosen from polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polytrifluorochloroethylene, ethylene-difluorochloroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoropropoxyethylene copolymer and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The acrylic acid polymer is chosen from polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, poly-n-butyl methacrylate and cyclohexyl polymethylacrylate. The content of ethylene and vinyl acetate in the maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 40 weight% and 60 weight%, respectively. The adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive layer or epoxy resin adhesive layer. Preferred Properties: The polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder has grain diameter of 1-20 mu m and number-average molecular weight of 1000-3000. The thickness of weather resistant layer, adhesive layer and insulating layer is 10-40 mu m, 10-50 mu m and 200-300 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit is barium-boron-zinc-silica-type glass comprising inorganic components containing barium oxide (10-60%), silicon dioxide (1-30%), boron trioxide (10-30%) and zinc oxide (10-30%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum powder comprises coarse aluminum powder and fine aluminum powder. The content of coarse aluminum powder is 20-80% with respect to the total content of aluminum powder. Preferred Process: The surface of the spherical aluminum powder is coated with aluminum oxide film using atomization method. Preferred Properties: The aluminum powder has purity and average particle diameter of more than 99.9% and 2-12 mu m, preferably 6-8 mu m, respectively. The aluminum oxide film has thickness of 2-10 nm. The fine aluminum powder has average particle diameter of 2-3 mu m. The conductive aluminum paste has fineness and viscosity of less than 15 mu m and 25-45 Pa.second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder comprises (in %mass) ethyl cellulose (1-10), rosin (0.5-2), terpineol (20-60), Butyl carbitol (RTM: diethylene glycol monobutyl ether) (20-60) and tributyl phosphate (1-10).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is at least one of iron chloride (FeCl3), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) or ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is at least one of dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealing layer is formed from a silicone based material. The encapsulant comprises resins such as polysilicone, polyolefine, polyurethane, ionomer, urea, and epoxy and/or acryl resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Production of polyester resin comprises poly-condensing and heating the base hydrate and the manganese acetate, calcium acetate, calcium stearate or magnesium stearate under the presence of thermal stabilizer and catalyst at 40-70oC, discharging water into the heated mixture to produce pellet, crystallizing the pellet at 120-160 degrees C, evaporating the moisture from the polyester resin mixture at 130-180 degrees C and polymerizing the pellet under inert gas at 200-240 degrees C. Preferred Components: The polyester resin further comprises antioxidant, and has an inherent viscosity of 0.70-0.85 dl/g. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diffusion-barrier layer has thickness of 100-500 nm. The iron precursor is chosen from iron sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and iron sulfamate. The nickel precursor is chosen from nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate and nickel sulfamate. The content of the electrolyte is 0.1-8 g/L. The electrolyte is polyethylene glycol and/or sodium lauryl sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The iron-nickel alloy contains 45-75 weight% nickel, and remainder of iron and other unavoidable impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate includes indium tin oxide, graphene, carbon nanotube or silver nanowire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic molecule for the light emitting layer is poly(N-vinylcarbazole), arylamine substituent, aromatic group polycyclic substituent, heteroaromatic substituents and metal complex. The organic molecule for the electron-transport layer formation is 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl) benzene and aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline). The organic solvent is chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane and dichloromethane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hole transport layer includes poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon fiber is curable binder resin, curing agent and solvent. The adhesive layer comprises epoxy series, acryl group, silicon, urethane type, and polyamideimide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low-melting-point thermoplastic polymer comprises 15-20C long straight chain primary alcohol. The curing reactant comprises terminal epoxy-containing two-terminal polyvinyl alcohol or an epoxy group-containing single-ended polyvinyl alcohol. The curing catalyst is a tertiary amine. The auxiliary agent comprises saturated fatty acid, cellulose ether and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surface active agent is a mixture of polyethylene pyrrolidone, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium citrate and polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reinforcing filler is hydrophobic silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The deep curing accelerator is formamide and/or N,N-dimethyl acrylamide at mass ratio of 3:5. The crosslinking agent is tetrabutoxysilane or methyl dimethoxy silane. The dimethylsilane is tetrabutoxysilane, methyl trimethoxysilane or trimethoxysilane at mass ratio of 3:5:2. The tackifier is gamma -ammonia propyl diethoxy silane, N- beta -aminoethyl- gamma -aminopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, gamma -amino propyl diethoxy silane, gamma -glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -(methacryloyl oxygen) propyl trimethoxysilane, isocyanate propyl triethoxy silane at mass ratio of 3:2:3:1:0.5:0.5. The organic pigment is carbon black or titanium pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, bis triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, palladium acetate and tri (o-methylphenyl)-phenyl phosphine mixture, the molar amount of palladium acetate compound (II) is 0.5-10% of the tris (o-methylphenyl) phosphine palladium acetate molar amount of moles of the amount of 4-10 times.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves purifying the prepared benzotriazole-based copolymer by adding methanol dropwise to precipitate the benzotriazole-based copolymer, filtering, washing the filtrate with methanol and hexane extraction for 24 hours followed by extraction with chloroform as a solvent to clean the benzotriazole-based copolymers. The compound (III) is obtained by dissolving 4,7-di-thiophen-2-yl-2H-benzotriazole compound of formula (IV), and 2-alkyl-4,7- bithiophene2,3-benzotriazole in a mixed solution of chloroform and glacial acetic acid followed by adding N-bromosuccinimide and reacted at room temperature after 12 hours to prepare compound (III). Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethyl-carboxamide..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 40% Aqueous hydrobromic acid solution, (2,1,3)-benzothiadiazole and aqueous bromine are reacted at 0-130 degrees C for 1-24 hours, to obtain 4-bromo-(2,1,3)-benzothiadiazole. The mol ratio of (2,1,3)-benzothiadiazole and aqueous bromine is 1:0.8-1.5. Tetrahydrofuran, bi-isopropyl amino lithium, 3-alkyl thiofuran and freshly prepared solution are reacted at -78 degrees C to -5 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours under inert gas atmosphere, and tri-n-butyl boronic acid ester is dripped for 12-36 hours, to obtain (4-thiophen-2-yl)borate salt. The mol ratio of 3-alkyl, biisopropyl amino lithium and tri-n-butyl borate is 1:0.8-1.5. Toluene, tetrahydrofuran or dimethyl formamide organic solvent, 4-bromo-(2,13)-benzothiadiazole and (4-thiophen-2-yl) borate salt at 40-120 degrees C in presence of palladium catalyst and alkali, are reacted by Suzuki coupling reaction for 4-50 hours, to obtain copolymer 4-(4-alkyl-thiophen-2-yl)-(2,3)-benzothiadiazole. The alkali is cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium acetate, The ratio of 4-bromo-(2,1,3) benzothiadiazole, (4-thiophen-2-yl) borate salt, palladium catalyst and alkali is 1:0.8-2:0.01-0.15:2-10. Preferred Process: The product purification process is performed using diluted hydrochloric acid, extracting with ether, organic phase of organic sodium sulfate, filtering, adding sodium hydroxide solution to precipitate, filtering, washing with ether, and drying in vacuum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The starch is potato starch, sweet potato starch, cassava starch, corn starch, wheat starch or mung bean; the dibasic acid is oxalic acid or sodium carbonate; the emulsifier is fatty acid soap and disproportionation rosin soap; initiator is persulfate; and acrylic ester is butyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate. The persulfate is potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate. The alkali solution weight ratio is 20-45%. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or triethanolamine. Preferred Process: The heating is at 40-45 degrees C. The transparent solution is obtained at 50-55 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alpha -olefin is ethylene, propylene, butene, hexene or octene. The polar monomer is maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid, ethylene oxide ester, acrylic ester, ethylene, propylene, butene, hexene or octene. The cross-linking curing agent is tert-butyl-ethyl hexyl carbonate. The cross-linking curing accelerator is triallyl different nitrile urate. The tackifier is glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxy silane. The antioxidant is di(2,4-di-cumyl phenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tri(nonyl phenyl)phosphite ester, or tri(2,4-ditert-butyl phenyl)phosphite ester. The ultraviolet stabilizer is poly(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-ethanol)ester or bi(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer resin is alpha -olefin copolymer. The polar resin is graft modified functional resin, polar group or polar group polynary copolymerized functional resin, polar grafted and modified hydrophobic group-containing functional resin or copolymer obtained by grafting polar monomer with polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene or polyoxyethylene modified product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidation-reduction derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, 1,1-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 3-hexyl-1-methylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide and 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium iodide. The electrolyte further comprises 4-tert-butylpyridine including basic function, and silica nanoparticles. Preferred Process: The imidazolium substituted diacetylene monomer and ethylene oxide oligomer or polymer are mixed in the weight ratio of 1:1000-1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene oxide oligomer or polymer having molecular weight of 200-8000 g/mol is chosen from polyethylene glycol, polyethylene-monomethylene ether, polyethylene-dimethylene ether, polyethylene-monoethylene ether and polyethylene-diethylene ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal is platinum, gold, silver, tungsten or vanadium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, hexane, ethanol, deionized water, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, glycerin, ethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol and terpineol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The paste composition further contains a solvent. The binder is chosen from ethylcellulose, epoxy resin, polyester, acrylic resin, phenol resin, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene tridecylether, TEFLON (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene), mineral oil and glass frit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte membrane contains inorganic material chosen from silicon oxide, titanium oxide, inorganic phosphate, sulfonated silicon oxide, sulfonated zirconium oxide or sulfonated zirconium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): (Triphenylvinyl)benzene ring-containing compound of formula (1), dihydroxy compound of formula: HO-Ar1-OH (2) and dihalo compound of formula: X2-Ar2-X1 (3) are polymerized to obtain an intermediate. A sulfonic acid group is introduced into the obtained intermediate to obtain the copolymer (I).X1,X2=F, Cl, Br or I.Preferred Polymer: The polymer in the polymer electrolyte membrane is polyimide, polyether ketone, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherethersulfone, polystyrene, polybenzimidazole, polytrifluorostyrene sulfonic acid, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyurethane or branched sulfonated polysulfone ketone copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide particles comprises dye. The metal oxide is titania, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, scandium oxide or terbium oxide. The content of water within polar solvent of precursor is 0.3 wt.% or less. The molar ratio of water and organometallic compound is 10 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organometallic compound is of formula: M-(O-A-O-R1)n or M-(O-R2)m. The polar solvent comprises alcohol and oxygen-containing compound of formula: H-O-A-O-R3 or H-O-R4.M=titanium, tin, zinc, tungsten, niobium, scandium or terbium;A=1-20C, preferably 1-8C alkylene or alkylidene (both optionally branched);R1,R2=1-20C, preferably 1-8C optionally branched alkyl;R3,R4=1-20C optionally branched alkyl;andn,m=1-10, preferably 2-6.Bond between O and M is coordination bond, ionic bond or covalent bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film further has a conductive layer provided in between base material layer and film (a). The base material layer is polyester film. Preferred Process: The manufacturing process of precursor further involves adding proteolytic material containing water into the mixture of polar solvent and organometallic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphite content in the total amount of composite composition is 80-92 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of the curing agent and epoxy resin is 0.1-3 parts weight and 45-70 parts weight with respect to 100 parts weight of the composite material. The crystalline epoxy resin is of formula (I), (II), (III) and (IV).R1-R8=CH2CHO.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfite and/or dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The meta-aramid polymer has intrinsic viscosity of 0.5-2.5 dl/g. The stabilizer is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, ethanol, methanol, and/or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The material of metal layer is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), carbon (C), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and aluminum (Al).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of heat sealable layer is selected from the group consisting of casted polypropylene, polypropylene-butylene-ethylene terpolymer, acrylic resin and silicone resin. The material of polymer resin layer is selected from the group consisting of polyamide resin, polyethylene terephthalate and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium precursor is titanium-(n)butoxide, titanium-(n)ethoxide, titanium-(n)isopropoxide, titanium-(n)propoxide and/or titanium tetrachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrothermal reaction solution contains amino acid, and titanium precursor. The amino acid is cysteine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, serine, threonine, selenocysteine, valine, tryptophan and/or tyrosine. The weight ratio of hydrothermal reaction solution, titanium precursor and amino acid is 1:1-10:1-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The membranous polymer comprises hydroxyethyl methacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether(meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, sulfopropyl (meth)acrylate, sulfoethyl(meth)acrylate and/or sulfobutyl (meth)acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, acetone and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate, cobalt acid lithium, lithium manganate, nickel cobalt lithium manganese phosphate, manganese phosphate lithium, lithium-iron manganese phosphate, manganese phosphate, manganese dioxide or lithium thionyl chloride. The anode current collector is aluminum foil. The bonding agent is arabic gum, modified polyethylene glycol oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene butadiene rubber latex or carboxymethyl cellulose. The solvent is ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate or ethyl acetate. The soluble lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, di-fluoro lithium bis (oxalate) borate, lithium oxalate borate or imine lithium salt. The additive is propane sultone, vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, carbonate, ethylene sulfite, hexa methyl di-silazane or tri-phenyl phosphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth oxide is lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, praseodymium oxide, and erbium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gelling agent is polyacrylic acid and polypropylene sodium at a mass ratio of 2:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is ethanol, glycol, isopropanol and/or acetone. The carbon source is acetylene carbon black, graphite carbon black, super-conductive carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, or carbon nanotube. The organic carbon source is inorganic carbon source and/or organic carbon source, the inorganic carbon source is glucose, sucrose, starch, citric acid, polypropylene, and/or polyol. The concentration of the added carbon source is added with an additive from doping element including oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, fatty acid ammonium salt, ammonia water, ethanol, or acetone. The doped element is fluorine, nickel, manganese, magnesium, titanium, zinc, copper, cobalt, niobium, thorium, vanadium, or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nanoparticle is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, niobium(V) oxide, alumina, indium trioxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide. The reducing agent is hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate or sodium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetone or N, N-dimethyl formamide. The substrate material is transparent conductive glass substrate, metal substrate, carbon material substrate, polyethylene, polystyrene or polyester macromolecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The graphene is prepared adding 50 meshes graphite powder, potassium persulfate and phosphorus pentoxide in a weight ratio of 2:1:1 into concentrated sulfuric acid at 60-85 degrees C, uniformly stirring the mixture, naturally cooling, washing to neutral and drying to obtain pretreated mixture; adding the pretreated mixture into concentrated sulfuric acid solution and then adding potassium permanganate, keeping the temperature to lower than 20 degrees C, transferring the mixture into an oil bath at 30-40 degrees C for 1.5-2 hours, adding deionized water, after 15 minutes adding hydrogen peroxide, filtering the mixture, collecting the solid, washing the solid by diluted hydrochloric acid, and drying to obtain graphite oxide; mixing the graphite oxide with deionized water and dispersing the mixture into a suspension, adding reducing agent to the solution, heating the mixture at 90-100 degrees C for 24-48 hours to obtain graphene suspension, where the reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate, sodium borohydride or pphenylenediamine; and filtering the graphene suspension, collecting filter residue, washing with water and methanol and drying. Preferred Components: The concentration of the graphene solution is 0.2-2 g/l and the 3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene solution is 2.5-7.5 g/l. The weight ratio of: the 3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene and the oxidant is 1:2-1:1; and the graphene and the 3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene is 1:0.5-1:1.5. The oxidant is anhydrous ferric chloride, ammonium persulfate, potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate or potassium persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The wind power generating power cable material comprises 100 pts. wt. polyolefin elastomer 8450, 55 pts. wt. PVC resin powder, 50 pts. wt. wollastonite powder, 70 pts. wt. nano-attapulgite, 65 pts. wt. ethylene propylene diene rubber, 45 pts. wt. nitrile rubber, 25 pts. wt. nanoclay, 35 pts. wt. aluminum hydroxide, 3 pts. wt. silica, 70 pts. wt. light calcium carbonate, 4 pts. wt. insoluble sulfur, 3 pts. wt. triallyl propyl iso-acid ester melamine, 4 pts. wt. anti-aging agent TPPD, 5 pts. wt. dicumyl peroxide, 6 pts. wt. antioxidant 1010, 3.5 pts. wt. stearic acid single glyceride, and 60 pts. wt. antimony trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the resin component A and the curing agent component B is 100:25-35. The bisphenol A type epoxy resin is CYD-128, E-44 and/or E-39D. The epoxy diluent is butanediol diglycidyl ether, cyclohexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycol diglycidyl ether or phenyl glycidyl ether. The defoaming agent is BYK-A525 (RTM: Triphenyl phosphine), BYK-A530 (RTM: Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate) and/or BYK-065 (RTM: Ethyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenyl phosphinate). The amine curing agent is polyether amine (60-80 pbw), alicyclic amine and/or aromatic amine (20-40 pbw). The accelerator is a tertiary amine, tertiary amine salts, imidazole, imidazolium salts or a phenolic accelerator. The alicyclic and/or aromatic amine is dimethylamine, m-phenylene diamine, isophorone diamine, menthane diamine and/or benzyl dimethylamine. The phenolic accelerator is nonylphenol, 3-(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, 4-tertiary butyl phenol and/or bisphenol A. The viscosity of the epoxy resin system is 350-750 cp. Preferred Method: The high speed stirring step is carried out for 90-120 minutes, preferably 60-90 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing resin is homopolymers of vinylidene fluoride, Polytetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene and/or their co-polymers. The modified resin A is modified by carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, aziridine group, isocyanate group or amido group. The modified resin B is modified by epoxy group, hydroxyl or amido group. The polymer filler is acrylate polymer particle with a particle size of 1-4 mu m, polyacrylate polymer particle, fluorine-containing vinyl polymer particle or polyamide particle. The co-solvent is dipropylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, N-methyl pyrrolidone or diacetone alcohol. The adhesive layer is aqueous fluorine-containing resin layer, polyvinyl acetate layer, polyvinyl alcohol butyral layer or olefin polymer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor layers is made of silicon. One of the layers of the photovoltaic device comprises amorphous silicon, while the other layer comprises microcrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Resins (B,3) are chosen from polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyamidoimide resin, polyimide resin precursor, and polyamidoimide resin precursor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The polyolefin resin composition is further blended with flame retardant and/or weatherproofing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinylidene fluoride resin composition comprises 1-40 parts mass inorganic pigment with respect to 100 parts mass resin components containing 50-99 %mass polyvinylidene fluoride and 1-50 %mass polymethyl methacrylate. The polyolefin resin composition comprises a resin component containing homopolymer of 2-20C olefin hydrocarbon or copolymer of 2-20C olefin hydrocarbon and other monomer. The polyolefin resin comprises 70 %mass or more units originated from 2-20C olefin hydrocarbon. The adhesive resin composition further contains copolymer of 4-8C conjugated diene/its hydride and aromatic vinyl-type compound, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Property: The polyolefin resin layer has thickness of 50-500 mu m. The polyvinylidene fluoride resin layer has thickness of 5-50 mu m. Preferred Process: The multilayer sheet is formed by carrying out melt co-extrusion at 130-260 degrees C. The lamination process is carried out at 130-260 degrees C. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is laminated on at least one surface of adhesive resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The difference of curable resin after hardening and optical refractive index of glass cloth is less than or equal to 0.005. Preferred Components: The curable resin contains epoxy resin which has aliphatic cyclic structure in a molecule, and carbonic acid type curing agent of formula (1). The laminated glass sheet has thin film glass and prepreg sheet as core material.R1=H, 1-6C alkyl group or carboxyl group;R2=H or Me; andP=group of formulae (2-4) bonded with methylene group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The sheet surface roughness (Ra) of 0.5-5 mu m, and surface roughness (Rzjis) of 5-40 mu m. The storage elastic modulus at 25 degrees C of the resin layer (S) is 100 MPa or less, preferably 50 MPa or less. Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin is an ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer. Preferred Component: The sealing sheet is 2 or more layers of laminated component having the resin layer (S) and resin layers (T) other than the resin layer (S). The laminated component is 2 types 3 layered structure of sequentially laminated resin layer (S), resin layer (T) and resin layer (S).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The molecular weight of (meth)acrylate type monomer is 150 or more. The 1-minute half-life temperature of organic peroxide is 100-170 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The volume resistivity of sealing layer at 100 degrees C and applied voltage of 500 V is 1x 1015-1x 1018 Omega .cm as measured by JIS K6911. The sealing material is obtained by extrusion-molding the components into a sheet after melt-kneading. Preferred Component: The content of structural unit derived from ethylene is 80-90 mol%, and the content rate of structural unit derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin is 10-20 mol%. The copolymer has a melt flow rate of 0.1-50 g/10 minutes, preferably 10-50 g/10 minutes, at 190 degrees C under 2.16 kg load as measured by ASTM D1238, a density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 as measured by ASTM D1505, a Shore A hardness of 60-85 as measured by ASTM D2240. The content of aluminum element in the ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 10-500 ppm. The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is polymerized in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst containing a metallocene compound, and an organoaluminoxy compound and/or an organoaluminum compound. Preferred Composition: The content of organic peroxide in the sealing material is 0.1-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer. The sealing material further contains 0.1-5 pts. wt. ethylenically unsaturated silane compound, and 0.005-5 pts. wt. additive(s) chosen from UV absorber, hindered amine light stabilizer, and heat-resistant stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The raw-material polyolefin sheet contains ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 500000 or more, polyolefin wax having a weight average molecular weight of 2000 or less. The porosity of raw-material polyolefin sheet is 30-50 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support layer has sealing layer (5) which seals solar cell element, and/or a base material (4) formed on one surface of adhesive layer along thickness direction. The adhesive layer and/or the support layer contain wavelength conversion material which is organic dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains polymer and wavelength conversion material. The content of wavelength conversion material is 0.001-3 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass adhesive. Preferred Property: The tearing-off adhesive force of the adhesive layer is 0.1-100 N/20 mm in 180 degrees with respect to stainless plate at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The deformation prevention material is made of poly pyro pyrene, fluororesin, acryl, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and resin such as polyisobutylene, chlorinated polyether, furan resin, an epoxy, and nylon, or polyphenylene sulfide, and polyetheretherketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of heat-conductive filler is 1-80 vol.% with respect to 100 vol.% contact bonding layer. The heat-conductive filler contains metal powder, metal oxide powder, metal nitride powder and/or metal carbide powder, preferably aluminum-nitride powder, aluminum oxide powder, zinc oxide powder, magnesium oxide powder, silicon carbide powder and/or tungsten carbide powder. The heat-conductive filler includes carbon material, and graphite powder, carbon nanotube and/or diamond powder. The metal layer contains silver, copper, aluminum, nickel and/or their alloy, preferably copper, aluminum and/or their alloy. Preferred Properties: The diameter of heat-conductive filler is 0.001-30 mu m. The graphite layer of laminate along the direction perpendicular with respect to lamination direction has heat conductivity of 250-2000 W/m.K and thickness of 15-600 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition (c1) further contains heat-conductive filler. The polyvinyl acetal resin includes dioxane-containing structural unit of formula (I), carboxyl group-containing structural unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-OCOCH3)H)- (II) and hydroxyl-containing structural unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-OH)H)- (III), and further contains carboxyl group-containing structural unit of formula: -(CH2-C(-COOH)(-R1))- (IV).R1=H or 1-5C alkyl.Preferred Properties: The contact bonding layer of laminate along the lamination direction has heat conductivity of 0.05-50 W/m.K and thickness of 0.05-10 mu m. Preferred Process: A resin layer containing filler comprising inorganic compound and acrylic resin, epoxy resin, alkyd resin, urethane resin and/or cellulose nitrate and alumina, silica, cordierite, mullite, silicon carbide and/or magnesium oxide is formed on a surface or both surfaces of outermost layer of heat-radiating component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pre doping of the lithium in negative electrode is carried out. The metal halide is copper-bromide (I). The active material layer further comprises silicon oxide (SiOx). The molar ratio of metal halide is 1 or more, when the number-of-moles of the amine ligand is 1. The molar ratio of the metal halide is 0.3-0.6, when the number-of-moles of the total reactive site of the parent compound is 1.x=0.3-1.6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The transition metal ion is copper ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conjugation monomer is methyl acrylate. The parent compound is hexakis(bromomethyl)benzene. The amine ligand is tris 2-dimethylamino ethylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer ring structure contains benzene ring. At least one of polymer arm portion comprises polyacrylic acid structure. The polymer contains transition metal ion which forms polymer complex with carboxyl group of the arm portion and has peak in 1540 cm-1 vicinity in a FT-IR spectrum. The arm portion consists of polymer of acid monomer which has carboxyl group and polymer of styrene. Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of arm portion is 1000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rigid material comprises polypropylene and polycarbonate. The resilient material comprises thermoplastic polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is alkali metal salt. The molar ratio of metal salt ion content of metal salt with respect to constitutional repeating unit of polycarbonate is 0.05-0.9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyester polyurethane polyol has weight average molecular weight of 20000-100000 and molecular weight distribution of 3-15. The dibasic acid is obtained by dimerizing 8-24C unsaturated fatty acid. The dibasic acid contains ring structure in a molecular structure. The polybasic acid contains dibasic acid and tribasic acid whose main structure has 21-69C hydrocarbon group. The amount of dibasic acid with respect to 100 parts mass of polybasic acid is 5-40 parts mass. The amount of dibasic acid and tribasic acid with respect to total of 100 parts mass polybasic acid is 5-40 parts mass and 0.5-15 parts mass, respectively. The amount of epoxy resin and polycarbonate resin with respect to 100 parts mass polyester polyurethane polyol is each 5-20 parts mass. The ratio of total number of moles of hydroxyl group contained in polyester polyurethane polyol, epoxy resin and polycarbonate resin, and number of moles of isocyanate group contained in polyisocyanate compound is 1/1-1/3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The resin mixture has a melting point (temperature in case viscosity is 30000 Pa.second) of 65-105 degrees C. The mass ratio of copolymer and polyethylene is 6:4-3:7. The sealing film is molded by calender molding. The minimum torque of the sealing film is 0.04 Nm or less as measured by JIS K 6300-2 at 150 degrees C in 15 minutes, and the maximum torque is 0.4 Nm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support element is connected with the back surface of the solar cell substrate by using sticking capping material, which is selected from epoxy resin, silicone, polyurethane and butylol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The film forming organic binder contains 4-10 percent by mass of methylcellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of aromatic polycarbodiimide and compound which has reactive group is with respect to 100 pts mass polyester is 0.1-5 pts mass and 0.1-10 pts mass, respectively. The compound which has reactive group is compound which has three or more hydroxyl groups in 1 molecule. The hydroxyl group in the compound which has three or more hydroxyl groups is phenolic hydroxyl group. The phenolic hydroxyl group of compound which has three or more hydroxyl group is hindered phenolic hydroxyl group. The compound having three or more hydroxyl groups is pentaerythrityl tetrakis (3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate). The compound having reactive group is compound having alkylene oxide. The content of aromatic polycarbodiimide with respect to content of the compound having reactive group is 0.1 to 10 %mass. The biaxial stretching polyester film further contains phosphorus antioxidant. Preferred Process: The biaxial stretching polyester film is obtained by laminating and closing at least 1 sort(s) of diisocyanate chosen from 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate, toluylene diisocyanate and 2,4,6-triisopropyl phenyldi isocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte includes a carbonate-based solvent (preferably dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and dipropyl carbonate (DPC)).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base layer includes a material selected from polystyrene, oriented polystyrene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, and polyethylene vinylacetate (preferably oriented polystyrene (OPS) film).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The battery further comprises an anode cap disposed over the anode, where the polymer fuse is formed over the anode cap, and a grid disposed over the polymer fuse. The grid comprises a conductive material. The electrically-conductive material is formulated to at least partially decompose upon contact with the bodily fluid, and a protective grid is disposed on the polymer fuse. Preferred Method: The step of providing comprises providing the anode cap over the anode, and the step of forming the polymer fuse comprises coating the anode cap with the electrically-conductive material. The method further comprises placing the protective grid over the polymer fuse. The step of forming includes spin-applying the polymer fuse over the anode cap. The step of forming includes self-assembling the block copolymer material by implementing a standard curing technique.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive material comprises a material including chromed iron, copper and stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrically-conductive material comprises a block copolymer including a hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic block. The hydrophobic block has a structure of formula (I). The hydrophilic block has a structure of formula (-(C-C(R))n(C(=O)(-O-X))-), which includes an acrylate ester.R = H, CH3 or CF3;X = 2-pyridyl pendant group of formula (III), preferably (1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl), (2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(2-pyridylmethyl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl) or 2-pyridylmethyl, where 2-pyridyl pendant group further includes methyl or haloalkane;n = 0-500; andR1a = connectivity to the acrylate ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The crystalline polymer is polyolefin comprisig high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl wax, vinyl polymer, polypropylene, PVC or polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitroxyl compound is polymer containing cyclic nitroxyl structure of formula (Ia) in an oxidation state in a side chain. The compound having sulfonyl group is chosen from sulfolane and dialkyl sulfone compound of formula: R5SO2R6, preferably sulfolane, ethylmethyl sulfone, isopropyl isobutyl sulfone, ethyl isopropyl sulfone and ethyl isobutyl sulfone. The organic solvent contains linear carbonate chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate, and cyclic carbonate chosen from propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate. The content rate of linear carbonate in the organic solvent is 50-80 volume%. The content rate of cyclic carbonate in the organic solvent is 5-30 volume%.R1-R4=1-4C alkyl;X=bivalent group which forms 5-7 membered ring;andR5,R6=1-5C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The poisoning substances are water-soluble thiol. The sulfur-containing compound (s) is of formula: M-S-R-S-S-R' (I).M=Au, Cu or Pt;R=alkyl;andR'=alkyl, aminoalkyl, carboxy, hydroxy or sulfo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pigment in the polyester support is titanium oxide whose outer surface is processed with aluminum. The amount of pigment with respect to support is 3-20 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of terminal blocker with respect to polyester support is 0.1-2 %mass. The terminal blocker is polycarbodiimide having molecular weight of 3000-50000 and melting point of 80-170 degrees C. The binder contained in the polymer layer is water group latex or binder having carboxyl group. The binder contained in the polymer layer contains composite polymer containing 15-99 %mass repetition portion of siloxane structural unit of formula: -(Si(R1)(R2)-O)n- in a molecule and 85-1 %mass of repetition portion of copolymerizable non-siloxane type structural unit.R1,R2=H, halo, or monovalent organic group covalently bonded to silicon atom;andn=natural number.A black pigment is contained in the polymer layer. The thickness of the polymer layer is 1-20 mu m. The polymer layer is formed after biaxial stretching by coating to the heat-set polyester support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The decomposition ratio of the polycarbodiimide is 1-30%. The screw speed of the biaxial kneading machine is controlled to 80-150 rpm. The biaxial kneading machine contains barrel (C1) into which the raw material composition is thrown as barrel, and the at least 1 other barrel arranged in the C1 barrel downstream, preferably barrel (C2) arranged adjacent to the C1 barrel downstream, and barrel (C3) arranged adjacent to the barrel (C2) downstream. The temperature of 1 barrel of C becomes less than melting point of polycarbodiimide, by 10 degrees C or more. The minimum temperature (Tmin) of the barrel satisfies relation: Tm-15( degrees C) greater than or equal to Tmin greater than or equal to Tm-65( degrees C), where Tmin is minimum temperature ( degrees C) of barrel. The moisture content of the polyethylene terephthalate when injecting to the biaxial kneading machine, is 150 ppm or less. The temperature of polyethylene terephthalate when injecting to the biaxial kneading machine is 160 degrees C or less. The biaxial kneading machine has at least two vents.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is indium tin oxide layer. The nanostructures comprise carbon nanotubes or nanofibers, or functionalized with carboxylic acid. The carbon nanotubes comprise single walled carbon nanotubes or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The mass ratio of graphene oxide and nanostructures is 1:0.01-1:0.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The fastener and support portion are made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base and cover are made of polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The electrical storage apparatus has electric powder information-control apparatus which receives signal through another apparatus and network, and charging-discharging control of battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode comprises lithium-transition metal compound having spinel structure of formula: A(B'2)X4 (I). The lithium-transition metal compound contains titanium-containing lithium-transition metal oxide. The titanium-containing lithium-transition metal oxide comprises lithium-titanium-niobium complex oxide, lithium-titanium-magnesium complex oxide, and carbon-coated lithium-titanium complex oxide. The additive comprises cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride of formula (I). The amount of cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride contained in electrolyte solution is 0.1-1 %mass. The cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride comprises succinic acid anhydride, glutaric acid anhydride and phthalic acid anhydride. The electrolyte solution comprises cyclic carbonate of formula (II). The electrolyte solution comprises halogenated ethylene carbonate, or unsaturated cyclic carbonate. The electrolyte solution is maintained at polymeric material, and is used as non-fluidity electrolyte.A,B'=lithium, titanium, magnesium, calcium, copper, zinc, strontium, aluminum, scandium, chromium, manganese, and iron, and metal cation chosen from gallium, yttrium, aluminum, scandium, chromium, manganese, iron, gallium, and yttrium;X=oxygen or sulfur;R=group of formula: -(C(-R11)(-R12))m- (i), -(C(-R13)=C(-R14))- (ii), or bivalent aryl;R11-R14,R21-R26=CnH2n+1;n=0-4;andm=2-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric material comprises polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The polymer electrolyte contains polymer having acryl-type monomer comprising acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethoxyethyl acrylate, methoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxyethoxy ethylacrylate, polyethyleneglycol monoacrylate, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, ethylene oxide modified acrylate, ethoxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxyethyl methacrylate, polyethyleneglycol monomethacrylate, N,N-diethylamino ethylacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene-glycol diacrylate, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyalkylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyalkylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylol-propane alkoxylate triacrylate, pentaerythritol alkoxylate tetra-acrylate, dipentaerythritol polyacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, and pentaerythritol alkoxylate tetraacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive film further contains surfactant which is anionic surfactant or nonionic surfactant, or alkylbenzene sulfonic acid or cholic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sulfonic-acid-group-containing resin is chosen from poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid), polyvinyl sulfonic acid, and polyperfluoro alkyl sulfonic acid. The resin contains resin which has a polar group. The resin which has polar group is poly (4-styrene sulfonic acid), polyvinyl sulfonic acid, and polyperfluoro alkyl sulfonic acid. Preferred Process: The manufacturing of transparent conductive film further involves forming resin layer on the coated surface of base material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic polymer comprises acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer, copolymers of acrylonitrile, ethylene propylene diene monomer and styrene, methylmethacrylate-butadienestyrene polymer, polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate copolymer, polyamide, poly(vinylidene fluoride) and/or their derivatives, copolymers or blends.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode interconnect metals are independently selected from gold, copper, and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon nanostructures are selected from nanotubes, nanohorns, nanowires, nanofoams, nanoribbons, nanofibers, buckytubes, extruded activated carbon, oriented pyrolytic graphite, aerogels, graphene sheets. The carbon nanostructures are connected to catalyst layers comprising catalysts selected from iron, nickel, cobalt, and yttrium. The metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of ruthenium oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, tungsten oxide, and vanadium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bonding material is selected from the group consisting of benzocyclobutene, benzocyclopropene, benzocyclobutadiene, 1,2,5,6-dibenzocyclooctadiene, divinylsiloxane bis(benzocyclobutene), and epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the metal-oxide fine particles is 0.1-40 wt.% with respect to whole quantity of the coating liquid. The metal-oxide fine particles are chosen from metal oxide of group 4, group 5 and group 13.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating liquid further contains 10-80 wt.% water, alcohol and surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl alcohol-type resin includes 1,2-diol structural unit of formula (I), and has saponification degree of 60-100 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is selected from fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) and glass substrate, indium tin oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate (ITO/PET), glass window panes, polymer or plastic sheets with conducting overlayers and metal ribbons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The sealing film has storage elastic modulus of 1x 106 Pa.second or more at 80 degrees C. The resin mixture has melting point of 65-105 degrees C. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has vinyl acetate content of 20-35 %mass. The sealing film is arranged between the electricity generating element and back surface side protection component (12) of the solar cell having a light-receiving surface side transparent protection component (11).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate content rate of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 10-30 %mass. The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene is preferably 6:4-3:7. Preferred Properties: The melting point of resin mixture is preferably 80-95 degrees C. The minimum torque ML and and maximum torque MH of resin mixture at 150 degrees C for 15 minutes measured by vibrating vulcanization test based on JIS K 6300-2 is 0.04 or less Nasteriskm and 0.4 or more Nasteriskm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic group is Bronsted acidic group. The compound having acidic group is an organic acid chosen from polyacrylic acid, polyperfluoro olefin sulfonic acid derivative, sulfonated polystyrene derivative and sulfonated polyaryl ethersulfone, or inorganic acid chosen from polyphosphoric acid and heteropolyacid. The hetero polyacid is tungstophosphoric acid, tungstosilicic acid, phosphorus tungsto molybdic acid, phosphorus tungsto molybdic acid, phosphorus vanado molybdic acid and molybdophosphoric acid. The compound having acidic group shows acidity, and pH of aqueous solution containing 5 %mass compound having acidic group is 5 or less at 25 degrees C. The passivation film formation material has pH of 2.5 or less, and further contains fluid medium chosen from water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system allows a waterproof matrix made of an epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particles comprise silicon particles, boron nitride particles, silicon nitride particles, silicon carbide particles, silicon oxycarbide particles, silicon carbonitride particles and/or boron particles. The material of layer comprises silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silica, silicon oxycarbonitride and/or silicon oxycarbide. The dense ceramic substrate is made of silicon carbide, silicon nitride or silica. The porous substrate is made of graphite. The waterproofing layer is made of silicon carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The covering layer comprises silicon oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide or their alloys, preferably aluminum zinc oxide, fluorine tin oxide, antimony tin oxide or indium tin oxide. The coating layer comprises zinc sulfide, cadmium selenide, gallium nitride or indium gallium nitride, or polymer or organic material. The semiconductor layer comprises amorphous (a-Si:H) layer(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal film (6) comprises silver, copper, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, zinc nickel, barium, magnesium or their alloys, preferably molybdenum-silver alloy or magnesium-silver alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic material is aluminum trichloroethylene(8-hydroxyquinoline) or N,N'-bis(naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Polymer: The polymer is 3,4-polyethylendioxythiophene (PEDOT), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer and inner lining are made of plastic such as polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The conjugated polymer compound further has partial structure of formula (II). Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The 3-hydroxy chromone derivative has local maximum absorption wavelength of 330-380 nm. The product of molar extinction coefficient ( epsilon ) (Lx mol-1x cm-1) and luminescent quantum yield of 3-hydroxy chromone derivative is 3000-30000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is ethylene-based copolymer chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer and ethylene-type ionomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises mixing 1-50 pts. wt. polyvinyl pyrrolidone with 100 pts. wt. solvent at 10-50 degrees C for 5 minutes to 1 hour. The step (ii) comprises mixing 100 pts. wt. mixed solution and 10-500 pts. wt. ammonium metatungstate, and reacting at 10-50 degrees C for 10 minutes to 10 hours. In the step (ii), the mixed solution is further added with bismuth, vanadium, silicon, magnesium, nickel, rubidium, iron, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, cobalt, copper, zinc, selenium, sodium and/or titanium. The method further comprises drying the paste composition obtained in the step (ii) in an oven at 50-80 degrees C for 10 minutes to 2 hours. The coating process is carried out by doctor blade method, spraying, painting, impregnating or screen printing. The coated photoelectrode is heat treated at 400-600 degrees C for 30 minutes to 10 hours. EXAMPLE - 1 g Polyvinylpyrrolidone was dissolved in 10 ml distilled water, and allowed to stand for 10 minutes. 8.82 g Ammonium metatungstate and 0.18 g zinc nitrate hexahydrate were dissolved in the above obtained mixed solution. Then the obtained transparent solution was allowed to stand for 1 hour and the tungsten oxide paste composition was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A translucent material comprises polycarbonate or acrylic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal nanoparticles are gold, silver or platinum nanoparticles and have particle size of 100 mu m or less and purity of 99.5% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cross-linking agent is the peroxide, preferably 45 compounds e.g. di-isobutyl peroxide, di-isopropyl-peroxydicarbonate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxy dodecanoate, di-n-propylperoxy dicarbonate and di-n-butyl peroxydicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt index of 1-50 g/10 minute and vinyl acetate content of 20-40 weight%.