NOVELTY - Processing (M1) lignocellulosic biomass to form an acylated cellulose pulp involves: contacting a lignocellulosic biomass with 1-2C acid e.g. acetic acid and/or formic acid; heating the contacted biomass to form a hydrolysate liquid and an acylated lignocellulose cake; separating the cake from the liquid; contacting the cake with second amount of 1-2C acid to wash hemicellulose and lignin from the cake and separating acid wash liquid; and contacting the cake with 1-2C acid-miscible organic solvent to wash 1-2C acid, hemicellulose and lignin resulting in acylated cellulose pulp.    USE - For processing lignocellulosic biomass to form an acylated cellulose pulp, where lignocellulosic biomass is from a monocot species selected from grasses, bamboo, wheat straw, corn stover, barley straw, millet straw, sorghum straw, and rice straw. Also useful for fermentation to make a desired fermentation product particularly ethanol, amino acid (preferably lysine and threonine), and organic acid (preferably lactic acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid and succinic acid) (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method develops an integrated approach for preparing a lignocellulosic biomass of high quality that can be converted in high yield to 5C and 6C sugar feedstocks with reduced toxic byproducts. The use of the 1-2C organic acid results in esterification of the hemicellulose and cellulose. The use of a non-ionic detergent in the enzymatic hydrolysis substantially increases the rate of catalytic conversion to suitable 5C and 6C enriched sugar syrups. The enriched sugar syrups are used in staged fermentation processes to achieve greater than 8% ethanol production in the fermentation broth. The methods provide a way to make a useful cellulose pulp from monocot plant species, particularly wheat and corn stover, which have not been contemplated as source of cellulose pulp useful to replace pulp derived from more woody species. The cellulose pulp derived from wheat straw or corn stover provides a particularly new source of cellulose pulp that comes from an abundant low value by-product of grain production that is useful as a replacement or supplement to cellulose pulp derived from the more woody species of trees.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Processing (M1) lignocellulosic biomass to form an acylated cellulose pulp, involves: contacting a lignocellulosic biomass with a first amount of a 1-2C acid selected from acetic acid and/or formic acid; heating the contacted lignocellulosic biomass to a temperature and for a time sufficient to hydrolytically release a first portion of hemicellulose and lignin, forming a hydrolysate liquid and an acylated lignocellulose cake; separating the acylated lignocellulosic cake from the first hydrolysate liquid; contacting the acylated lignocellulose cake with a second amount of the 1-2C acid to wash hemicellulose and lignin from the acylated lignocellulosic cake and separating the acid wash liquid from the acid washed acylated lignocellulosic cake; and contacting the acid washed acylated lignocellulose cake with a first amount of a 1-2C acid-miscible organic solvent to wash the 1-2C acid, hemicellulose and lignin from the acid washed acylated lignocellulosic cake resulting in an acylated cellulose pulp and separating the 1-2C acid-miscible solvent wash liquid from the solvent washed acylated cellulose pulp. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) an acylated or deacylated cellulose pulp or an acylated or deacylated hemicellulose made using the method (M1);    (2) fermentation (M2) to make a desired fermentation product involving: obtaining at least one of an acylated cellulose pulp and acylated hemicellulose fraction; deacylating the acylated cellulose pulp and/or the acylated hemicellulose fraction; contacting the deacylated acylated cellulose pulp and/or acylated hemicellulose fraction with an enzyme cocktail comprising a mixture of at least two enzymes selected from the group consisting of a cellulase and a hemicellulase enzyme for a time sufficient to form a syrup comprised predominantly of 5C or 6C sugars; and growing a microorganism on the sugars to produce the desired fermentation product; and    (3) a cellulose pulp derived from at least one of corn stover or wheat straw that is depleted of hemicellulose and lignin relative to the stover or straw.