TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The alcohol is ethanol, methanol, butanol and/or propanol. The IL comprises a cation structure that includes sulfonium, lithium, picolinium, thiazolium, triazolium, oxazolium, preferably imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, phosphonium, and/or ammonium. It is 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 3-methyl-N-butylpyridinium chloride, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate and/or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium propionate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method of extracting monomeric compound from lignin further comprises EM heating the swelled biomass after the first step. The target temperature range is 50-220 degrees C. The hydrothermal processing comprises increased pressure i.e. 1-200 atm, preferably 50-100 atm; and increased temperature i.e. 100-350 degrees C, preferably 250-300 degrees C. It is conducted for 1-20 minutes, preferably 10-15 minutes. The hydrothermal processing comprises conversion in presence of aromatic or aliphatic alcohols/acids under mild acidic or basic medium. It is catalytically conducted in single or sequential steps to produce oxygenated products, deoxygenated products and/or dehydrogenated products. The method further comprises treating lignin to convert it to its constituent monomers and chemicals and conducting chemical analysis of the constituent monomers and chemicals. The chemical analysis is gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, gas chromatography-infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-NMR spectroscopy, or liquid chromatography-infrared spectroscopy. The biomass is subjected to additional heating with agitation, ultrasonic heating, EM heating, convective heating, conductive heating and/or microwave irradiation. The EM heating is RF heating. Heating comprises greater than or equal to 2 phases, a first phase comprising application of EM heating, variable frequency heating and/or RF heating; and a second phase comprising application of ultrasonic, EM, convective and/or conductive heating. The first phase comprises a variable frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum. The application of RF heating is conducted for greater than or equal to 5-10 seconds, 1-30 minutes, 5-30 minutes, or 20-240 minutes. The application of ultrasonic, EM, convective and/or conductive heating is conducted for greater than or equal to 3-30 minutes, 5-30 minutes, or 3-4 hours. The EM energy is applied at 100-1000 W, 1-10 kW, or 5 kW-1 MW. The RF comprises a frequency of 1-900 MHz, preferably 40.68 MHz or 300 kHz-3 MHz. It penetrates the biomass to 0.001-2.0 m thickness. The biomass is heated at greater than or equal to 1-300 degrees C, preferably 100-240 degrees C. It is treated with RF for greater than or equal to 1 minute-100 hours, preferably 4-8 hours. The washing step comprises washing the biomass with a liquid non-solvent for cellulose that is miscible with water and IL. The liquid non-solvent used for washing is water, alcohol, acetonitrile or a solvent, which dissolves the IL and extracts the IL from the biomass. The ionic liquid is recovered from the liquid non-solvent by a method selected from activated charcoal treatment, distillation, membrane separation, electrochemical separation techniques, and/or solid-phase extraction liquid-liquid extraction. It is recovered from the liquid non-solvent by application of EM heating or RF heating that dehydrates the ionic liquid. The method further comprises reusing the recovered IL for treating more biomass. At least 90%, preferably 99% of the IL is recovered. The IL has water content not exceeding 1%, preferably 25%. The biomass is subjected to additional heating with intermittent agitation during heating. The IL is molten at 10-160 degrees C and comprises cations or anions. The method is a continuous process or a batch process. The conditions of the biomass undergoing RF heating is monitored by sensors, preferably liquid flow rate sensor, thermocouple sensor, temperature sensor and/or salinity sensor. The method comprises adjusting the amount of IL, the time of incubation, or the temperature of the biomass. It further comprises treating the treated lignocellulosic biomass with biochemical reagents i.e. enzyme, which converts the cellulose and hemicellulose to sugar i.e. hexose and pentose sugar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.