TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole injection layer is made of carbon nanotube, nanosilver wire, silver powder, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide. The active substance comprises cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, copper indium sulfide, copper indium selenide, indium phosphide, copper sulfide, copper indium gallium sulfide and copper gallium selenide. The electron injection layer is made of aluminum, silver, calcium, magnesium, lithium and cesium. The photoactive layer is made of zinc oxide or titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron donor comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene), polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), Poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(2,7-(9,9-dioctyl)-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole), Poly(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)), polyindole, polycarbazole, poly isothianaphthene, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, and polypyridine. The electron-receptor comprises fullerene-C60, fullerene-C70, fullerene-C74, fullerene-C76, fullerene-C78, fullerene-C82, fullerene-C95, (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl C84 butyric acid methyl ester, cadmium selenide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-rods, polybenzimidazole, and 3,4,9,10 - perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole. The filament base layer is made of polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyether imide, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polypropylene, poly cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate glycol, polyphenylene sulfide, polyacrylate, polyarylate, polyimide, cellulose acetate propionate, and triacetyl cellulose. The hole-transport layer is made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, polyaniline, polydiphenyl, acetylene, poly(tertial-butyl) diphenylacetylene, poly(trifluoromethyl)diphenylacetylene, (copper-phthalocyanine)poly(bistrifluoromethyl) acetylene, polybis(tert-butyl biphenyl) acetylene, poly(trimethyl silyl) diphenylacetylene, poly(carbazole) diphenylacetylene, polydiacetylene, polyphenylacetylene, polypyridine acetylene, polymethoxy phenyl acetylene, poly(tertialbutyl)phenyl acetylene, poly phenylacetylene, and poly (trimethylsilyl) phenyl acetylene.