TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Degraded bioorganic residue contains a structure capable of supporting plant growth. Sugar generated from lignocellulose is glucose, cellobiose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, fucose, and/or rhamnose. Bioorganic matter containing lignocellulose is plant matter containing lignocellulose, preferably lignified plant matter and semi-lignified plant matter. Lignified plant matter and/or semi-lignified plant matter contain sheets and/or fibers of lignified plant matter. Plant matter contains wood (chippings), straw (leaves), cereal leaves, brewer's grain, wheat bran, oat grain, rice bran, and/or grasses e.g. Miscanthus species. Amount of bioorganic matter is greater than or equal to 10 kg, preferably greater than or equal to 1000000 tons. Plant growth material is peat-substitute material. Preferred Processes: Bioorganic matter is subjected to conditions capable of melting and/or hydrolyzing and/or solubilizing lignocellulose in bioorganic matter by steam explosion, hot-water treatment, ammonia fiber explosion or expansion (AFEX), extrusion, and autoclaving. Bioorganic matter is heated to 100-240 degrees C, preferably 190-240 degrees C. Treated bioorganic matter is optionally washed and subjected to conditions capable of degrading plant cell walls in bioorganic matter. Bioorganic matter is contacted with enzyme consisting of cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, esterase, protease, xylanase, and/or oxido-hydrolase. Degraded bioorganic residue is separated from greater than or equal to 1 sugar generated from lignocellulose. Plant growth medium is formed from degraded bioorganic residue by washing degraded bioorganic residue, optionally subjecting degraded bioorganic residue to conditions capable of decomposing bioorganic residue and inhibiting decomposition before completion, and removing moisture from resulting degraded bioorganic residue. Bio-alcohol is produced from greater than or equal to 1 sugar by fermentation and separated from fermentate. Fermentation is performed by contacting greater than or equal to 1 sugar with greater than or equal to 1 microbial agent. Coarse fraction of degraded bioorganic residue is separated from fine fraction of degraded bioorganic residue and greater than or equal to 1 sugar generated from lignocellulose before forming bio-alcohol. Plant growth medium is formed from degraded bioorganic residue by washing coarse fraction of degraded bioorganic residue, optionally subjecting coarse fraction of degraded bioorganic residue to conditions capable of decomposing bioorganic residue and inhibiting decomposition before completion, and removing moisture from resulting degraded bioorganic residue. Bio-alcohol is formed by fermentation, preferably by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) or semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) of fine fraction of degraded bioorganic residues and greater than or equal to 1 sugar generated from lignocellulose and separating bio-alcohol from fermentate. Bio-alcohol is separated from degraded bioorganic residue by filtration e.g. vacuum filtration, distillation, reverse osmosis, or partitioning bio-alcohol to organic phase. Slow-release fertilizer containing potassium, nitrogen, and/or phosphorus is added to plant growth medium. The plant growth medium is packaged. Sample of degraded bioorganic residue and plant growth medium are analyzed to determine their physical and/or structural characteristics. Preferred Parameters: Plant growth medium has minimal detectable composition, preferably no detectable decomposition, moisture retention of greater than or equal to 55%, preferably 60-75% at 0.1 bar, pH of less than or equal to 6.5, preferably 4.43, electrical conductivity of less than or equal to 422 mS/m, preferably 67 mS/m, dry bulk density value of greater than or equal to 80 g/L, preferably 80-110 g/L, lignin content of greater than or equal to 40%, preferably 40%, and air-filled porosity value of less than or equal to 40%, 10-30%.