NOVELTY - Making (M1) product involves saccharifying reduced recalcitrance cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic material (m1) such as by using at least one enzyme, in liquid, to form mixture comprising at least two sugars; and contacting saccharified material with organism, where the organism selectively ferments sugar released during saccharification of the material (m1) to provide at least one unfermented sugar, fermentation solid and first fermentation product.    USE - For making product of fermentation, including alcohol (preferably ethanol) or organic acid (preferably acetic or butyric acid); another product such as xylitol; first or second product, e.g. sugar, sugar alcohol, alcohol, organic acids, unsaturated acids, carboxylic esters, unsaturated esters, anhydrides, aldehydes, ketones, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, fuels and/or biodiesel (claimed); and useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials.    ADVANTAGE - The fermented product has different chemical and physical differences from unfermented sugars that separation can be efficiently accomplished. The method produces pure (95 wt.%) biomass-derived products from biomass feedstock. The feedstock can be treated with radiation to modify its structure to reduce its recalcitrance. Such treatment can e.g. reduce average molecular weight of feedstock, change crystalline structure of feedstock and/or increase surface area and/or porosity of feedstock. Advantageously, no additional nutrients (other than nitrogen source e.g. urea or ammonia) are required during fermentation of corncobs or cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials containing significant amounts of corncobs. Corncobs, before and after comminution, are also easier to convey and disperse, and have lesser tendency to form explosive mixtures in air than other cellulosic or lignocellulosic materials, such as hay and grasses.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) making (M2) first product involving producing mixture comprising liquid, first and second sugar, and saccharified cellulosic or lignocellulosic residue material produced in method (M1), such as by utilizing enzymes; and fermenting first sugar; and    (2) making (M3) second fermentation product involving the method (M2); isolating the first product leaving at least a second sugar and fermentation byproducts; and fermenting the second sugar to produce second product.