TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The intracellular pathway is a metabolic pathway, which is a signaling pathway, preferably Quorum sensing pathway. The composition affects an autoinducer of the species of microorganism, and affects a regulator of the species of microorganism, where the regulator is required by the microorganism to detect the autoinducer. The composition comprises: at least one enzyme that affects the intracellular pathway of the species of microorganism; the composition that affects the intercellular signaling pathway that involves the species of microorganism; at least one antibiotic to decrease the relative population of the species of microorganism in the microorganism consortium relative to the another species of microorganism in the consortium; and nutrient. The composition is in liquid, solid, or aerosol form. The method further comprises: (a) identifying a microorganism for population adjustment, (b) identifying the intracellular pathway or extracellular signaling pathway of the microorganism identified in step (a), and (c) identifying a component that influences the intracellular pathway or extracellular signaling pathway identified in step (b). A target that participated in the intracellular pathway or extracellular signaling pathway is first identified and then a component that is capable of inhibiting the target is identified, in step (c). At least one nucleic acid binding oligonucleotide is covalently linked to a delivery agent, where the binding oligonucleotide is packaged in liposomes, and is in a form of plasmid or viral expression vector. The nucleic acid binding oligonucleotide targets the nucleic acid of at least one protein of a metabolic pathway of the species of microorganism or a protein of an intercellular signaling pathway that involves the species of microorganism. The nucleic acid binding oligonucleotide targets the nucleic acid of the protein involved in synthesis of an autoinducer, nucleic acid of the protein involved in secretion of the autoinducer, or nucleic acid of protein involved in synthesis of a regulator used to detect the autoinducer. The nucleic acid binding oligonucleotide targets nucleic acids, polypeptides, RNAs, antisense RNA, and nucleic acid analogs that mimic antisense RNA. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: exposing the microorganism consortium to a signal that causes an increase or decrease of a relative population of the species of microorganism in the consortium relative to another species of microorganism in the consortium, to enhance a yield or selectivity or alter a rate of the process, as compared to an identical process carried out in the absence of the signal; and altering a condition of an environment of the microorganism consortium to cause an increase or decrease of a relative population of the species of microorganism in the consortium relative to another species of microorganism, to enhance a yield or selectivity or alter a rate of the process, as compared to an identical process carried out in the absence of the altered environmental condition. The signal comprises sound waves and electromagnetic waves. The environmental condition is selected from an environmental condition that directly or indirectly affects the intracellular pathway of the species of microorganism and an environmental condition that affects an intercellular signaling pathway that involves the species of microorganism. The environmental condition comprises oxygen content of the environment and a physical condition of the environment.