TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Concentrator: In the LSC, the luminescent system is incorporated in a set of LSC sheets by employing a sol-gel film in which the luminescent system is distributed or by incorporating the luminescent system in a set of pores in the sheet material. The luminescent system is incorporated in a sol-gel coating on the surface of the glass plate or in a set of pores in the glass plate. The rare-earth material being a lanthanide material selected from: (1) a lanthanide salt in combination with an ion selected from cerium (Ce), lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi); (2) a lanthanide complex with an organic ligand; and (3) a lanthanide-ligand complex in combination with a metal plasmon. The lanthanide material comprises a lanthanide selected from lanthanum (La), Ce, praseodymium (Pr), gadolinium (Gd), europium (Eu), Tb, dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), Tm, neodymium (Nd), ytterbium (Yb) or any combination or a complex of these ions. The LSC sheet is selected from glass, porous glass, quartz, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) or mica. The LSC sheet is ormocer matrix or a porous glass. The coating thickness is 1-10 mu m or 10-100 mu m. The metal plasmon being selected from silver plasmon, gold plasmon, copper plasmon, platinum plasmon, palladium plasmon, ruthenium plasmon, rhodium plasmon, osmium plasmon, iridium plasmon and alloys. The metal plasmon is selected from silver, gold and copper. The metal plasmons are in the form of nanoparticles. The lanthanide material comprises a lanthanide ion selected from Ce, Pr, Gd, Eu, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm, Nd, Yb and any combination or a complex of these ions, in combination with at least one of ions selected from Ce3+, Pb2+ and Bi3+, silver plasmons, gold plasmons and copper plasmons. The lanthanide is in the form of a molecular entity containing a central lanthanide ion, associated with at least one bidentate ligand and one or more mono- or multi-dentate organic ligands. The ligand is selected amongst monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, tetradentate and multidentate organic ligands.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic ligand is a polynuclear heterocyclic aromatic compound, optionally having two or more fused ring structures. The aromatic organic ligands are selected from rhodamine, fluorescein, fluorescein, 2-quinolone, 4-quinolone, 4- trifluoromethylcoumarin (TFC), 7-diethyl-amino-coumarin-3-carbohydrazide, 7-amino-4-methyl-2-coumarin, 7-amino-4-methyl-2-coumarin, 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl-2-coumarin, and aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen. The organic ligand is selected amongst cryptands, podands, calixarenes, macrocyclic ligands, 1,3-diketones, heterobiaryl ligands, carboxylic acid derivatives, terphenyl ligands, and proteins. The ligand is a cryptand, where the cryptand is selected from bi- and polycyclic multidentate ligand. The cryptand is selected amongst cryptands having a cyclic or polycyclic assembly of binding sites. The cryptand ligand is selected from tribipyridine pentacarboxylates, and/or trisbypyridine and pyridine bipyridine. The LSC is constructed of 3 plates, each plate consists of 2 rare earth ions or their complexes. The LSC is in the form of a stack of some LSC sheets, each sheet being incorporated by two fluorescent species with no overlapping of their absorption or emission spectra. The LSC comprises 3 plates, each being incorporated by fluorescence species that absorb the entire solar light in UV and visible part of the spectrum with no overlapping of absorption and emission spectra, thus circumventing re-absorption losses. Each of the plates comprises same or different luminescent species. In the LSC stack the upper sheet being colored with a fluorescent violet/blue fluorescent species, the middle sheet being colored with a fluorescent green fluorescent species, and the bottom sheet being colored with a fluorescent red fluorescent species. The LSC also comprises any one or more solar cells, an anti-reflective coating on a top surface and a reflecting coating on a bottom surface.