TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substituted monopyridine ligand or polypyridine ligand comprises: (2,2')bipyridinyl, 2-phenyl-pyridine, 2-(2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-pyridine, 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyridine, 2-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyridine, (2,2';6',2'')terpyridine, 6-phenyl-(2,2')bipyridinyl, 1,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)benzene, 6-(2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl, 6-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl, 6-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-(2,2')bipyridinyl, 2-(3-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)-phenyl)-pyridine, 2-(3-(2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl)-pyridine, 2-(3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-phenyl)-pyridine. The substituted aryl group is selected from alkoxy or thioalkyl phenyl groups. The substituted aryl group is connected to the substituted monopyridine ligand and/or polypyridine ligand through a bridge selected from aromatic amine groups, heteroatoms, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, and heterocycles, in particular thiophene, oligothiophenes, ethylenedioxythiophenes (EDOT), oligo-EDOTs, and/or cyclopentanedithiophenes (CPDT), preferably sulfur atom and thiophene. Preferred Complex: The cobalt complex is a cobalt complex of formula ((L1)aCo(L2)b)(Xc) (A). The metal complex (c1) is the metal complex (I) (preferably a metal complex of formula (I1)). The metal complex (I) has at least one of the ligand (II1).Co=cobalt;a and b=0-6;c=0-3;X=counter-anion (preferably selected from borates or phosphates);L1=optionally substituted bipyridine ligands or optionally substituted terpyridine ligands, (preferably selected from 4 groups as given in the specification e.g. bipyridine of formula (Ia);L2=co-ligand (preferably selected from Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, NCO-, NCS-, NCSe-, amino groups, phosphate groups, ClO4-, PF6-, borates such as (BF4)-, tetracyanoborate ((B(CN)4)-), (B(Ph)4)-, (B(C6F5)4)-, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), and/or bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI-); especially ClO4-, PF6-, (BF4)-, ((B(CN)4)-), TFSI- or FSI-);R1-R8=H, halo (preferably fluoro), amino groups, NO2, CN, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, aryl, halogenated aryl, (preferably H, fluoro, alkyl, or fluorinated alkyl);R'=alkyl. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1=anchoring groups selected from -COOH, -PO3H2, -P(=O)(R'a)(OH),-PO4H2, -PO2HR'b, -SO3H, -CONHOH, -NO2, acetylacetonate, acrylic acid derivatives, malonic acid derivative, rhodanine-3-acetic acid, propionic acid, deprotonated forms of the aforementioned, salts of the deprotonated forms, or chelating groups with pi -conducting character, preferably -COOH;    R'a=optionally branched 1-18C alkyl, optionally substituted 5-12C aryl, or their halogenated derivatives;    R'b=alkyl or aryl.