TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The redox pair is chosen from triiodide ion/iodide ion, bromide ion/bromine, thiocyanate ion/thiocyanogen, selenocyanate ion/selenocyanogen or cobalt (II)/cobalt(III). The nanostructured material is chosen from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, tin oxide (SnO,SnO2), alumina, zirconium dioxide, iron oxide (FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O,FeOOH), cerium dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, manganese dioxide, magnesium oxide, nickel oxide, niobium pentoxide, chromium(III) oxide, lead(II) oxide, calcium oxide, calcium phosphate, cadmium sulfide, blend or core-shell morphologies of metal oxide including silica/alumina and zinc oxide/titanium dioxide, various phase of ceramic metal oxide including anatase-titanium dioxide, rutile-titanium dioxide, brookite-titanium dioxide, alpha -alumina, beta -alumina, gamma -alumina and mixed metal oxide including ferrite, titanate, zirconate, zeolite, layered double hydroxide, fumed silica, organosilicate, clay and flyash.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bistrifluorosulfonimide, lithium trifluorosulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium iodide, lithium thiocyanate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium tris(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)methanide, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, sodium perchlorate, sodium iodide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, potassium perchlorate, potassium iodide and potassium thiocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer network is formed using component (A) chosen from di-or multi-end functionalized hydroxyl, amine or carboxyl group-terminated polyether structure, methylenediphenylene diisocyanate, polymeric methylenediphenylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dicyclohexanemethylene diisocyanate, isophoronediisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylene, diisocyanate, Desmodur-N (RTM: aliphatic polyisocyanate resin), glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, catechol, ascorbic acid, catechol, dopamine, alizarin, gallic acid, dihydroxy benzoic acid, maltitol, triglycerides including castor oil methylenediphenylene diisocyanate. Preferred Composition: The polyether structure is chosen from dihydroxyl, diamine or dicarboxyl-terminated compound of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polytetramethylene glycol. Secondary and/or tertiary component of the semi-IPN matrix is chosen from polyethylene glycol dimethylether, polypropylene glycol dimethylether, polytetramethylene glycol dimethylether, polyethelene glycol diacrylate, polyethelene glycol dimethacrylate, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylpyridine, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadine, polypyrrole, polysiloxane, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(t-butylvinyl ether), poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate), poly(cyclohexyl vinyl ether), poly(t-butyl vinyl ether), polyphosphazene, copolymers containing ethylene oxide, styrene, methyacrylate, and vinylpyridine. Preferred Properties: The polyether structure has purity of 80-90%, and average molecular weight of 4000-10000 Daltons.