NOVELTY - Hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment of biomass comprises (i) providing lignocellulosic biomass solids in a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent and incorporating a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing sulfur, molybdenum or tungsten, cobalt and/or nickel into an alumina support, which is predominantly alpha -alumina, and (ii) heating the lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent in the presence of hydrogen and supported hydrogenolysis catalyst to form a product solution containing multiple oxygenated hydrocarbons.    USE - The method is useful for the hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment of biomass in the production of high hydrocarbons, which is useful for producing transportation fuels and industrial chemicals, where the transportation fuels are synthetic petrol, diesel fuel and jet fuel.    ADVANTAGE - The method is capable of economically treating biomass with catalytic hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis/hydrodeoxygenation stability and activity and minimal loss of structural integrity during aqueous phase reactions.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Hydrothermal hydrocatalytic treatment of biomass comprises (i) providing lignocellulosic biomass solids in a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestive solvent and incorporating a supported hydrogenolysis catalyst containing sulfur, molybdenum or tungsten, cobalt and/or nickel into an alumina support, which is predominantly alpha -alumina, and (ii) heating the lignocellulosic biomass solids and digestive solvent in the presence of hydrogen and supported hydrogenolysis catalyst to form a product solution containing multiple oxygenated hydrocarbons, where the alumina support has specific surface area of 30 m2/g, the catalyst retains crush strength of at least 50% after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test compared with before the aqueous phase stability test. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a composition comprising the lignocellulosic biomass, the hydrogenolysis catalyst, water and the digestive solvent.