TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The electrical energy storage device has a primary cycle efficiency of more than 90%, a gravimetric capacity of 550-750 mAh/g, and a lithium plating potential of -5 mV to -15 mV.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus in the carbon material is 1-20 wt.% with respect to total weight of components contained in the carbon material. The total content of elements having an atomic number of 11-92 is less than 200 ppm, as measured by proton induced X-ray emission. The electrochemical modifier of carbon material is chosen from phosphorus, iron, tin, silicon, nickel, aluminum trioxide, and manganese, preferably silicon, tin, or aluminum trioxide. The content of electrochemical modifier is 80-95% with respect to carbon material. The content of graphite in the carbon material is 80-85%. The content of phosphorus in the copolymer gel is more than 4 %mass, preferably more than 10 %mass. The copolymer gel contains a dopant phosphorus-containing compound, preferably ammonium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopant phosphorus-containing compound remains in the form of phosphoric acid, or salt containing a cation chosen from ammonium, tetraethylammonium, and tetramethylammonium, and an anion chosen from phosphate, phosphite, phosphide, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, hexafluorophosphate, hypophosphite, polyphosphate, and pyrophosphate ions. The aldehyde contained in the copolymer gel is formaldehyde. The phenolic compound contained in the copolymer gel is phenol and/or resorcinol. The solvent of copolymer gel contains water and acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The carbon material comprises pyrolyzed three-dimensional polymer network, graphite, and phosphorus. Preferred Properties: The specific surface area of carbon material is preferably less than 10 m2/g. The carbon material has a total pore volume of 0.001-0.1 cm3/g, a tap density of 0.3-1 g/cm3, and a crystallinity of less than 10%. The diameter of pores contained in the carbon material is less than 1 nm. The ratio of intercalation storage with respect to pore storage in the carbon material is 2:1-1:2. The condensed polymer gel has a volume average particle size of 10-1000 mu m.