TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: the step (a) occurs at 3-80 degrees C for 10 seconds to 2 minutes; and the mechanical milling occurs by milling with ball mills, roller mills, rotary mills, hammer mills, pin crushers, impact mills, swing-hammer mills, planetary mills, crushers or rubbing on a belt. The method further comprises separation of the product obtained in the step (b) by: extraction with solvents; filtration followed by washing with solvents of the product obtained in the step (b); centrifugation of the product obtained in the step (b) and washing with a solvent comprising water, glycols, alcohols or ketones; injection under pressure; or evaporation of the solution of exfoliating agents of step (b). The method further comprises: (a1) heating the product obtained in step (b) at 10-250 degrees C; (b1) settling of the heated product for 0-72 hours; and (c1) separating settled graphene material from the solution obtained in step (b1). Preferred Components: The optionally substituted aromatic group is a benzene substituted by at least one ether group, and by at least one functional group comprising aromatic amines, aramids, aromatic imines, aromatic imides, isocyanates, aromatic sulfides, aromatic phosphorus compounds, aromatic carboxylic compounds, variously substituted phenols, aromatic alcohols, aromatic ethers, aromatic aldehydes, aromatic esters, aromatic anhydrides, styrene groups, nitroaromatic groups, pyridine group, pyrimidine group, imidazole group, azobenzene, naphthenes, anthracenes, diphenyls, aromatic halides, alkane with at least one aromatic group present in the chain, alkenes with the aromatic group present in the chain and/or dienes with the aromatic group present in the chain. The exfoliating agents: are present at 0.1-20 wt.%; and comprise aryl ethoxylates, a mixture of aryl ethoxylates and octyl phenyl ethoxylate in solution, or a mixture of aryl ethoxylates and nonyl phenyl ethoxylate in solution. The ether group is oxirane, ethoxy or acetal. The optionally substituted aromatic group is an optionally substituted benzene group. The solution of exfoliating agents comprises a solvent comprising water, alcohol, glycols, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran and/or chloroform, where the exfoliating agents are present at greater than 0.001 wt.% in the solution. EXAMPLE - 0.06 g Of graphite in flakes were added with 8 ml of a solution of water with 1% octyl phenol ethoxylate. The obtained suspension was agitated and sonicated for 4 hours with 37 KHz ultrasound bath at 75 degrees C. The dispersion was then centrifuged for 30 minutes at 3750 rpm to obtain the nanostructured carbon-based material.