NOVELTY - Biological and chemical method for capture and conversion of inorganic carbon compound and/or organic compound containing only one carbon atom into organic chemical product, involves: (a) introducing compound into environment for maintaining oxyhydrogen microorganisms; and (b) converting compound into organic chemical product and/or its precursor via greater than or equal to 1 chemosynthetic carbon-fixing reaction utilizing oxyhydrogen microorganisms e.g. Ralstonia species; where product has carbon chain lengths of 5-30 carbon atoms; and reaction is partially driven by electron donors and acceptors.    USE - As biological and chemical method for capture and conversion of inorganic carbon compound and/or organic compound containing only one carbon atom into organic chemical product; as bioreactor; and for operating bioreactor (all claimed). The method is useful in technical areas of biofuels, bioremediation, carbon capture, carbon dioxide-to-fuels, carbon recycling, carbon sequestration, energy storage, gas-to-liquids, waste energy to fuels, syngas conversions, and renewable/alternative and/or low carbon dioxide emission sources of energy.    ADVANTAGE - The method for capturing and converting inorganic/organic compound with only one carbon to organic products involves use of biocatalysts within biological and chemical process to fix carbon dioxide, other forms of inorganic carbon and/or other 1C carbon sources into longer carbon chain organic chemical products in non-photosynthetic process powered by low carbon emission energy sources and/or waste energy sources. In addition process involves production of chemical co-products that are co-generated through carbon-fixation reaction steps and/or non-biological reaction steps as part of overall carbon capture and conversion process or syngas conversion process. The method combines biological and chemical process for capture and conversion of inorganic carbon and/or 1C carbon sources to longer chain organic compounds, particularly organic compounds with greater than or equal to 5C chain lengths, through use of oxyhydrogen microorganisms for carbon capture and fixation. The process can couple efficient production of high value organic compounds such as liquid hydrocarbon fuel with disposal of waste sources of carbon, as well as with capture of CO2. The process enables effective and economic capture of carbon dioxide from atmosphere or from point source of carbon dioxide emissions as well as economic use of waste energy sources, renewable energy sources and/or low carbon emission energy sources, for production of liquid transportation fuel and/or other organic chemical products, which will help address greenhouse gas induced climate change and contribute to domestic production of renewable liquid transportation fuels and/or other organic chemicals without any dependence upon agriculture.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Biological and chemical method for capture and conversion of an inorganic carbon compound and/or an organic compound containing only one carbon atom into an organic chemical product, involves: (a) introducing the inorganic carbon compound and/or organic compound containing only one carbon atom into an environment for maintaining oxyhydrogen microorganisms and/or capable of maintaining extracts of oxyhydrogen microorganisms; and (b) converting the inorganic carbon compound and/or organic compound containing only one carbon atom into the organic chemical product and/or its precursor within the environment via greater than or equal to 1 chemosynthetic carbon-fixing reaction utilizing the oxyhydrogen microorganisms and/or cell extracts containing enzymes from the oxyhydrogen microorganisms; where the oxyhydrogen microorganisms used include microorganisms selected from Ralstonia species, Alcaligenes species, and/or Rhodococcus species; the organic chemical product produced includes compounds with carbon chain lengths of 5-30 carbon atoms; and the chemosynthetic fixing reaction is at least partially driven by chemical and/or electrochemical energy provided by electron donors and electron acceptors that have been generated chemically, electrochemically and/or are introduced into the environment from greater than or equal to 1 source external to the environment. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:    (1) a bioreactor comprising: a first column comprising an upper portion and a lower portion; and a second column comprising an upper portion and a lower portion, where the upper portion of the second column is fluidically connected to the upper portion of the first column, and the lower portion of the second column is fluidically connected to the lower portion of the first column; and the bioreactor is constructed and arranged such that, when a liquid is circulated between the first and second columns, a volume of gas is stationary at the top of the first column and/or the second column, and the volume of gas occupies greater than or equal to 2% of the total volume of the column in which the volume is positioned; and    (2) method for operating a bioreactor, involving: circulating a liquid comprising a growth medium between a first column and a second column, where, during operation, a volume of gas remains stationary at the top of the first column and/or the second column, and the volume of gas occupies greater than or equal to 2% of the total volume of the column in which the volume is positioned.