NOVELTY - A carbonaceous material is based on graphite or amorphous carbon particles, and doped with nonmetallic atom(s) chosen from nitrogen, boron, sulfur and phosphorus, and metal atom. When the metal atom is atom except platinum, in the radial distribution function obtained by Fourier-transforming K end extended X-ray absorption fine structure of metal atom, the ratio of intensity of largest peak in coordinate bond distance vicinity of the atom and nonmetallic atom and intensity of largest peak in metallic bond distance vicinity of the metal atom is 4 or more.    USE - Carbonaceous material is used in catalysts of electrodes e.g. gas-diffusion electrodes used in electrochemical apparatus e.g. fuel cells (all claimed), such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, microbial fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell, and solid oxide fuel cell. Can also be used for oxygen-reduction electrode and other electrodes used in water electrolyzers, carbon-dioxide permeation apparatus, brine electrolyzers, and metal lithium-air cells.    ADVANTAGE - The carbonaceous material has improved catalytic activity and can be manufactured easily.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A carbonaceous material is based on graphite or amorphous carbon particles, and doped with nonmetallic atom(s) chosen from nitrogen, boron, sulfur and phosphorus, and metal atom. When the metal atom is a metal atom except platinum atom, in the radial distribution function obtained by Fourier-transforming K end extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of the metal atom, the ratio of intensity of the largest peak which appears in coordinate bond distance vicinity of the metal atom and the nonmetallic atom and the intensity of the largest peak which appears in metallic bond distance vicinity of the metal atom is 4 or more. In the radial distribution function obtained by Fourier-transforming the LIII end EXAFS of the platinum atom when the metal atom is platinum atom, the ratio is 4 or more. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of carbonaceous material, which involves preparing a mixture containing a nonmetallic compound, a metallic compound, and a carbon source raw material, and heating the mixture at 800-1000 degrees C for 45 seconds or more and less than 600 seconds when the carbon source raw material is graphite, and at 800-1000 degrees C for 30 seconds or more and less than 300 seconds when the carbon source raw material is amorphous carbon particles.    DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a sectional view of a gas-diffusion electrode.    Carrier (2)    Sticking agent (4)    Core layer (5)    Dope layer (6)    Gas-diffusion electrode (11)