TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole injection layer includes carbon nanotube, nanosilver wire, silver powder, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The active material includes cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, copper indium sulfide, copper indium selenide, indium phosphide, copper sulfide, copper indium gallium sulfide, and copper gallium selenide. The electron injecting layer includes silver, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, lithium, and cesium. The photoactive layer includes zinc oxide, and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron receptor includes fullerene, ((6,6)-phenyl-C61butyric acid methyl ester), ((6,6)-phenyl-71C-butyric acid methyl ester), ((6,6)-phenyl-C84butyric acid methyl ester), cadmium selenide nano particle, carbon nanotube, polybenzimidazole, and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron donor includes poly(3-hexylthiophene), polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, disperse red, poly-(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-3(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1-4-phenylene vinylene), poly((2,7-(9,9-dioctyl)-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2,ethylhexyl)-4Hcyclopenta(2,1-b,3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benxothiadiazole)), polyindole, polycarbazole, poly pipe diazine, polyiso-thianaphthene, polyphenylenesulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, and polypyridine. The filament base layer includes polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, polyether imide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polypropylene, polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol, polyphenylenesulfide, polyacrylate, polyarylate, polyimide, cellulose acetate propionate, and triacetyl cellulose. The hole-transport layer includes poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate), polyaniline, polydiphenyl acetylene, poly(diphenylacetylene), poly(trifluoromethyl)diphenylacetylene, copper phthalocyanine poly(bistrifluoromethyl)acetylene, polybis(T-butyl biphenyl)acetylene, poly(trimethylsilyl)diphenylacetylene, poly (carbazole)diphenylacetylene, polydiacetylene, polyphenylacetylene, polypyridine acetylene, poly methoxy phenyl acetylene, polymethylphenyl acetylene, poly (tertialbutyl) phenyl acetylene, poly phenyl acetylene, and poly (trimethylsilyl) phenyl acetylene.