NOVELTY - Composition comprises material derived from polysaccharide, fructose, glucose and/or sucrose. The composition has carbonyl stretch (C=O) at 1704/cm and unsaturated and/or aromatic (C=C) stretches at 1617/cm and 1514/cm and absorption peak at 1023/cm related to C-O stretch, measured by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. The infrared absorption ratio of: (C=O) 1704/cm and (C=C) 1617/cm is less than 1.6, preferably less than 1.2; (C=O) 1704/cm and (C=C) 1514/cm is less than 3, preferably less than 1.5; and (C=O) 1704/cm and (C-O) 1023/cm is less than 1.8, preferably less than 1.4.    USE - The composition is useful for producing a liquefied product or a liquefied biomass which is useful for producing a product resulting from a chemical process, where the product is levulinic acid, formic acid (all claimed) and/or hydroxymethyl furfural.    ADVANTAGE - The composition: provides liquefied biomass which is storage stable and fermentable; and provides higher yields of highly pure levulinic acid in a simple, flexible, rapid and cost effective manner.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:    (1) a reactive distillation process (P1) comprising: combining levulinic acid, optionally water and a monohydroxy alcohol in a reactive distillation column comprising a suspended or packed bed of catalyst to form a mixture; heating the mixture in the reactive distillation column to effect esterification of the levulinic acid to afford the levulinic ester; and separating the levulinic ester from the mixture and byproducts, where removal of metal ions from the reaction mixture components is effected prior to the reactive distillation process;    (2) preparing (P2) levulinic acid comprising: heating a mixture of water, sulfuric acid and benzaldehyde to 80-90 degrees C to form a solution; adding a mixture of fructose, glucose and water to the heated solution over a period of time to form a liquid reaction mixture and a viscoelastic solid material; removing the liquid reaction mixture from the viscoelastic solid material; and collecting the viscoelastic solid material;    (3) separating (P3) levulinic acid from an acidic aqueous solution comprising: subjecting an acidic aqueous solution containing levulinic acid to a halogenated phenol to extract the levulinic acid into the halogenated phenol phase; and removing the halogenated phenol phase from the acidic aqueous solution; and removing the levulinic acid from the halogenated phenol;    (4) reducing (P4) the concentration of sulfuric acid in an organic extraction solvent containing levulinic acid comprising: treating a mixture comprising an organic solvent containing levulinic acid and sulfuric acid with an aqueous solution of dilute sulfuric acid, where the dilute sulfuric acid is present in the aqueous solution of 0.0 1-15 wt.%; and separating the organic solvent portion containing the levulinic acid from the aqueous portion to provide a final levulinic acid solution comprising a reduced amount of sulfuric acid contained in the organic solvent;    (5) removing (P5) xylenols from a sulfuric acid solution comprising contacting an aqueous sulfuric acid solution that contains xylenols with activated carbon to remove the xylenols from the aqueous sulfuric acid solution;    (6) a process (P6) for the production of a liquefied product, comprising (a) providing a chicory root biomass material and (b) liquefying the biomass;    (7) a liquefied biomass derived from chicory root, or obtainable by the process (P6);    (8) making (P7) levulinic acid, comprising: heating an aqueous solution of a mineral acid to 60-110 degrees C in a reactor; and adding the liquified biomass in the reactor over a period of time to form a reaction mixture including levulinic acid; and    (9) preparing levulinic acid comprising: heating an aqueous solution of a mineral acid to 60-110 degrees C; adding the liquefied biomass to the heated aqueous mineral acid over a period of time to form a reaction mixture in a reactor to form a mixture including levulinic acid and solids; filtering the solids from the mixture, optionally after cooling; adding a water immiscible liquid to the mixture so that the mixture forms first and second layers, where greater than 90% of the mineral acid is in the first layer and greater than 90% of the water immiscible liquid is in the second layer; recovering levulinic acid and optionally formic acid from the second layer; and recycling the first layer back to the reactor.