TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particles have an average particle diameter of 0.001-100 mu m, lithium ion transfer capability, and permittivity constant of greater than or equal to 5. The inorganic particles include: barium titanium trioxide, strontium titanium trioxide, lead dioxide, cerium dioxide, magnesium oxide, nickel oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, yttrium trioxide, aluminum trioxide, silicon carbide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, boehmite, and metal oxide of formula ((Pb (Zra, Ti1-a) O3), (Pb1-aLaaZr1-b1Tib1O3) and (1-a) Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-aPbTiO3); and metal compounds of formula ((Li3PO4), (LixTiy1(PO4)3), (Lix1Aly2Tiz1 (PO4)3), (Lix2Tiy3(PO4)3), (Lix3Lay4TiO3), (Lix4Gey5Pz4Sw), (Lix5Ny6), (SiS2(Lix6Siy7Sz5)) and (P2S5(Lix7Py8Sz6))).a, b1 = 0-1;x = 0-2;y1 = 0-3;x1 = 0-2;y2 = 0-1;z1 = 0-3;x2 = 0-4;y3 = 0-13;x3 = 0-2;y4 = 0-3;x4 = 0-4;y5 = 0-1;z4 = 0-1;w = 0-5;x5 = 0-4;y6 = 0-2;x6 = 0-3;y7 = 0-2;z5 = 0-4;x7 = 0-3;y8 = 0-3; andz6= 0-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, n-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, methylene chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide. The additive includes carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexane. The non-solvent is isopropylacohol, ethylalcohol, distilled water or methylalcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer membrane has a multi-layered structure, and comprises polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyamideimide, polyetherimide and polyphenylsulfone. The substrate is a glass substrate, a silicon substrate or a plastic substrate. The polymeric binder comprises polyvinylidene fluoride, hexafluoro propylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-cotrichloroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, carboxyl methyl cellulose, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer and polyimide. Preferred Method: The method further comprises forming a porous coating layer on the surface of the substrate with inorganic particles and polymeric binder. The removing step is performed using 10-30 pts. wt. of a casting solution. The casting solution includes 1-20 pts. wt. of an additive.