TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The inner layer is a bubble sheet made of aluminum foil, metallized aluminum and polyethylene film, or tin foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The middle layer is made of one of ethylene vinyl acetate foam, thermal insulation, closed cell extruded polystyrene foam, hot melt adhesive or glass wool.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - The outer layer is made of sheets of fabric sewn together to serve as an amplifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is chosen from 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: Ethylene-propylene copolymer has a melt flow rate of 0.5-20 g/10 minutes, density of 0.85-0.885 g/cm3, dilatometric softening temperature of 40-90 degrees C and flexural modulus of 10-120 MPa. Preferred Composition: The amount of ethylene-propylene copolymer (p2) is 35-110 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. ethylene-propylene copolymer (p1). The encapsulating material composition further contains 0.1-5 pts. wt. silane coupling agent and 0.1-1 pt. wt. grafting initiator based on 100 pts. wt. ethylene-propylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The large area thick film transparent piezoelectric single crystal device comprises alpha-aluminum phosphate, alpha-silicon dioxide, lithium tantalate, lithium niobate, strontium barium niobate, lead germanate, terbium molybdate, lithium tetraborate, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxide, bismuth silicon oxide, bismuth germanate, aluminum nitride, lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate, barium titanate, potassium tantalate, potassium niobate, sodium niobate, tungustun carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide or titanium carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent insulated body comprises polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wire for cutting is colored, and attached to an interface of the surface side of the adhesion layer or attached to the surface side of the pollution protection layer. A paste allowance is further provided on the edge portion of the base material layer, and is extended outside the pollution protection layer. The wire for cutting is attached to the boundary of the paste allowance and the pollution protection layer. Preferred Process: The construction of structure further involves matching the cut surface of the adhesive sheet (B) and the terminal of the exfoliative wire.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 34 Fluorene derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. N-(4-(9-(4-(bis(4-(3-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)(4-ethenylphenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-ethenylphenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine of formula (I-a), N-(4-(9-(4-(bis(4-(3-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)(4-(4-ethenylphenyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(4-ethenylphenyl)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine, N-(4-(9-(4-(bis(4-(3-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)(4-(4-ethenylphenyl)naphthalen-1-yl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-N-(4-(4-ethenylphenyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine, N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N-(4-(9-(4-((4-(3-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)((11-ethenyl-8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(13),2,4,6,9,11-hexaen-5-yl))amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)(4-(3-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)((11-ethenyl-8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2,4,6,10,12-hexaen-5-yl))amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-11-ethenyl-8-thiatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(13),2,4,6,9,11-hexaen-5-amine and N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N-(4-(9-(4-((4-(3-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)((11-ethenyl-8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(13),2,4,6,9,11-hexaen-5-yl))amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)(4-(3-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)((11-ethenyl-8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(9),2,4,6,10,12-hexaen-5-yl))amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-11-ethenyl-8-oxatricyclo(7.4.0.02,7)trideca-1(13),2,4,6,9,11-hexaen-5-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane compound is of formula: Si(-OR)3-(CH2)n-(X-(CH2)2)m-X-(CH2)n-Si(-OR)3 (I). The encapsulant composition further contains 2 pts. wt. or less crosslinking additive, 0.01-3 pts. wt. ultraviolet absorber, and light stabilizer.X=NH, O, S or Se;R=H or 1-8C alkyl;andm,n=1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal material contains nickel, titanium, chromium, molybdenum or tantalum. The compound thin film solar cell further has back contact electrode made of molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, gold, platinum, palladium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises polyimide material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The compound thin film solar cell is made of silicon group, copper indium gallium selenide group, cadmium telluride group or gallium arsenide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The back contact electrode is made of molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, gold, platinum, palladium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum or tungsten or their alloys. The compound thin film solar cell is made of silicon group, copper indium gallium selenide group, cadmium telluride group or gallium arsenide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Alternately, the lithium-sulfur secondary battery electrolyte comprises carbonyl group-containing compound of formula (II). The content of compound (II) is 0.1-20 wt.% with respect to the total content of the electrolyte. The electrolyte further comprises lithium nitrate with concentration of 0.01-0.5M. The electrolyte is a lithium-containing nonaqueous liquid electrolyte containing nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium salt. The nonaqueous liquid electrolyte includes N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetraglyme, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, phosphoric acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, polypropylene carbonate derivative, tetrahydrofuran derivative and/or ether. The lithium salt is lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, lithium chloroborane, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylic acid and/or lithium tetraphenylborate.X=H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe(power)(n+), Co3+, Ni(power)(n+), Cu(power)(n+), Zn(power)(n+) or Al(power)(n+).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anode and cathode include conductive material containing carbon black, natural graphite and/or artificial graphite, and binder containing polyvinylidene fluoride or its copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene and/or styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains 1-99 wt.% platinum, 1-99 wt.% ruthenium, 1-99 wt.% iridium, 1-99 wt.% cobalt and/or 1-99 wt.% iron, and further includes carrier chosen from carbon black and carbon nanotubes. The anode comprises platinum-lithium alloy catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Polyester (p2) has 90 mol% or more structural unit derived from 1,4-butanediol as glycol unit, and 90 mol% or more structural unit derived from terephthalic acid as dicarboxylic acid unit. Preferred Properties: The interlayer adhesion strength of layer (A) and layer (B') is 0.4 N/mm or more. The thermal contraction rate of biaxial-oriented polyester film is 5% or less measured after maintaining at 190 degrees C for 10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic counter electrode comprises silver, aluminum, gold, chromium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, titanium or its alloy. The embedded metal counter electrode comprises aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, copper, iron, molybdenum or nickel. The counter electrode is metal or metal alloy foil or sheet, preferably steel containing metal or metal alloy coating comprising silver, aluminum, chromium, molybdenum, nickel or tin. The transparent conductive coating comprises two or more layers of transparent conductive oxide chosen from tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide or indium doped tin oxide, or one or more transparent silver coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The counter electrode includes polymeric substrate or glass. The counter electrode is provided in the form of metallic grid (12) or metallic coating. The optoelectronic device has contact layer containing conductive polymer, preferably poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) and/or its derivative, polythiophene and/or its derivative, polyaniline and/or its derivative, and/or polypyrrole and/or its derivative. The conductive adhesive comprises adhesive material and conductive material. The adhesive material comprises polyacrylate or its derivative. The conductive material comprises conductive polymer, preferably poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) and/or its derivative, polythiophene and/or its derivative, polyaniline and/or its derivative, and/or polypyrrole and/or its derivative. The conductive adhesive contains 0.3-12 wt.% (preferably 1-5 wt.%) conductive polymer. The optoelectronic device has active surface area of more than 1 cm2, preferably 20-200 cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conduit is made from plastic, composite, aluminum, copper and PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester film further comprises 70 ppm or less elemental phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film has phosphorus content of 70 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Layer (p1) contains 0.1-30 mass% inorganic particle. Layer (p2) contains 0.1-30 mass% inorganic particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Layer (p1) comprises 5-45 mass% ethylene propylene copolymer containing 9-33 mol.% ethylene component. Layer (p1) contains 45-95 mass% homopolypropylene. Laminated sheet further comprises layer (p2) which contains engineering plastic as main structural component. Layer (p2) comprises polyamide-based resin or polybutylene terephthalate-based resin as main structural component. Laminated sheet further comprises layer (p3) which contains adhesive polyolefin resin as main structural component. In laminated sheet, layer (p1), layer (p3), and layer (p2) are laminated directly in order. In laminated sheet, sealing material layer, layer (p1), layer (p3), and layer (p2) are laminated directly in order.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (a) is chosen from triazine compound, melamine cyanurate, ammonium sulfate, guanidine sulfamate and/or guanidine phosphate. The compound (a) further comprises sodium citrate and optionally citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves immersing polymer product in aqueous solution and/or suspension containing compound (a), and drying.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The planar polymeric product is obtained using fiber, paper, or open-cell resin foam as raw material. The planar polymeric product is textile comprising fiber chosen from aramid-type fiber, glass fiber, glass fiber-reinforced organic polymer fiber, cellulose fiber, nylon-type fiber, vinylon-type fiber, polyester fiber, polyolefin fiber, urethane-type fiber, cotton, hemp, linen, sheep wool, silk, cashmere and rayon-type fiber, or nonwoven fabric chosen from low-density polyethylene resin, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, synthetic rubber, copolyamide resin and co-polyester resin. The shape of planar polymeric product is bag shape, sheet form or tape shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thiophene(2,3-d:2',3'-d')naphtho(1,2-b:3,4-b')dithiophene derivative also has general formula (IV).Ar=a group of formulae (V-XLIII) e.g., (V-XXIV); andn=1-20. Preferred Definitions:    A1 and A2=selected from a group of formulae (XLIV-LXXXIV) e.g.,(XLIV-LXVII)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Material: The insulation layer comprises a polyethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The linear marking element or comprises metal that consists in steel or in an aluminum alloy. The material of the micro-structured layer is selected from an aluminum alloy or steel or coated steel or fire aluminated or aluminum-plated steel or in stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The linear marking element comprises a thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The gas barrier layer is formed using chemical vapor deposition method or physical vapor deposition method. Washing process is further carried out during manufacture of gas barrier film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas barrier layer comprises metal oxide containing carbon atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The several resin base material comprises same composition. The laminate further has intermediate layer (1). Preferred Property: The film thickness of resin base material is 12-75 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Compound is a polymer having polymer mass average molecular weight of 10000-1 million. Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=hetero arylene containing thiophene of formula (1) or formulae (2)-(6);    D=formulae (D1)-(D3);    W1=S, Se, O, or -NRa-;    W2==CR1D- or=N-;    R1D=H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, or halo;    me=0-2;    md=0 or 1 provided that when md is 0, me is 1 or 2;    A, C' rings=thiophen ring;    B' ring=formulae (B-1)-(B-3);    L1A-L1C=single bond, -O-, -S-, -N(Ra)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=S)O-, -C(=O)S-, -SC(=O)-, -OC(=O)-, -OC(=S)-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=O)N(Ra)-, -N(Ra)C(=O)-, -S(=O)-, -S(=O)2-, -S(=O)2O-, -OS(=O)2-, -S(=O)2N(Ra)-, -N(Ra)S(=O)2-, arylene, or hetero arylene;    Ra=H or hydrocarbon;    R1A-R1C=H, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl;    mb=0-4;    ma, mc=0 or 1;    Zb=-C(R1Z)(R2Z)-, -C(=C(R3Z)(R4Z))-, -Si(R1Z)(R2Z)-, -Ge(R1Z)(R2Z)-, or -N(Ra)-;    R1Z, R2Z, R1Z, R2Z=alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl;    R3Z, R4Z=alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, acyl, or alkoxyl carbonyl;    Za=-C(R1Z)(R2Z)-, -Si(R1Z)(R2Z)-, -Ge(R1Z)(R2Z)-, -C(=C(R3Z)(R4Z))-, or -N(Ra)-;    R3Z, R4Z=alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, acyl, or alkoxyl carbonyl;    R3, R6=H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or halo;    R4, R5A, R5B=H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or halo;    X=S; and    Z1, Z2=F, Cl, Br, or perfluoro alkane sulfonyloxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The service Node Interface (SNI) is connected to radio frequency circuit and configured for Wi-Fi communications to user appliances over antenna according to Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a/b/g/n standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aromatic compound is 10-90 wt.% with respect to total weight of graphene-alkali metal salt composite. The solvent is chosen from water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, carbon disulfide, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,4-dioxane, methyl acetate, pyridine, m-cresol, phenol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, sulfuric acid, N-methypyrrolidone, and pyridine. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 17 Aromatic compounds e.g. sodium 1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraoxaundecane of formula (II), dipotassium 1-(2'-(dimethylphosphoryl)-9,9'-spirobi(fluoren)-2-yl)-4,7,10-trioxa-1-thiaundecane, dilithium 1-(3,5-bis(((2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane)sulfonyl))phenyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzene, dipotassium 4-(dimethylphosphoryl)-N,N-bis((4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl))aniline, and sodium 9-(4-(4-methanesulfonylbutyl)phenyl)-3,6-bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-9H-carbazole are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from group consisting of ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, ester, ether and ketone. The non-aqueous electrolyte is vinylene carbonate type compound, sultone compound selected from group consisting of 1,3-propane sultones, 1,4- butane sultone, and 1,3- propene sultone, and sulfate group compound selected from ethylene sulfate, propylene sulfate, butylene sulfate, pentylene sulfate, hexylene sulfate, and hepthylene sulfate. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises lithium boron fluoride and lithium oxalic difluoroborate. The lithium salt is selected from group consisting of lithium phosphors fluoride, lithium boron fluoride, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium nitride, and lithium carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic semiconductor layer is made of metal oxide chosen from oxide of zinc, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, hafnium, aluminum and gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar solvent is methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol or ethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound additive (B) is chosen from UV absorber, antioxidant, optical stabilizer, anti-aging agent, and crosslinking adjuvant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves mixing organic peroxide (C) at more than melting point of organic compound additive (B), or 10 degrees C or less than 1 hour half life temperature of the organic peroxide (C), and mixing liquid additive. The mixing process is melt-kneading process. Preferred Composition: The ethylene-based copolymer (A) has ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as a main component. The ethylene-based copolymer (A) is in pellet form. The composition does not contain solvent. Preferred Apparatus: The melt-kneading process is performed using single screw extruder, twin screw extruder, Banbury mixer, kneader, or roll mill.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crystalline iron phosphate has a (meta)strengite structure. The lithium source material is lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate and lithium chloride. Preferred Process: The lithium source material and crystalline iron phosphate are mixed in a molar ratio of 1:0.5-1.5. The mixture is dried after the mixing process. A carbon coating material is further mixed with the mixture. The crystalline iron phosphate is obtained by crystallizing an amorphous iron phosphate, and washing. The metal (M) is doped in the crystalline iron phosphate. Preferred Condition: The mixture is heat-treated at 500-1000 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon coating material is sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, sorbose, polyethylene, ethylene oxide, ascorbic acid, oleic acid, citric acid, polyethylene glycol 6000, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysorbate 80, Triton X-100 (RTM: octylphenol ethoxylate), Lupasol PN 50 (RTM: polyethyleneimine), and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The fluorescent benzothiadiazole dye compound (I) is obtained by condensing hydroxyphenyl benzothiadiazole derivative and carboxyphenyl benzothiadiazole derivative using oleic acid as condensing agent. Preferred Properties: The fluorescent benzothiadiazole dye compound has maximal absorption wavelength at 340-410 nm, and maximal fluorescence wavelength at 440-560 nm. Preferred Composition: The content of fluorescent benzothiadiazole dye compound is 0.01-10 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin matrix.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin matrix comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as main component. EXAMPLE - 2.94 g 4,7-Dibromo-benzothiadiazole, 3.03 g 2-hydroxyphenylboronic acid, 92 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and 5.53 g potassium carbonate were added to 200 ml flask, dried, 50 ml dimethylformamide and 20 ml distilled water were added, stirred at 100 degrees C for 2 hours, 11.41 g arylglycidyl ether was added to resultant solution, stirred at 80 degrees C for 23 hours, extracted using ethyl acetate, distilled, organic phase was washed with water and resultant residue was purified by column chromatography using solvent containing toluene and ethyl acetate, to obtain 4.56 g 4,7-bis(2-(3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Layer: The solid junction-type photoelectric conversion element further has a buffer layer formed between the electrode substrate and semiconductor layer (4) and/or between the electrode substrate and semiconductor layer (5).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The film or adsorbent containing organic-inorganic mixed perovskite compound is formed using a solution containing a precursor comprising the organic-inorganic mixed perovskite compound (A). The semiconductor layer (5) is formed by impregnating semiconductor layer (4) with a solution containing a precursor comprising compound (B) and/or compound (C). Organic-inorganic mixed perovskite compound (C) is preferably organic-inorganic mixed perovskite compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The photovoltaic module further comprises an encapsulant layer provided adjacent to the front transparency. The photovoltaic cell comprises: at least one bulk photovoltaic cell comprising a crystalline silicon wafer; and at least one thin-film photovoltaic cell comprising deposited photovoltaic layers (208). The back coat exhibits a Young's modulus of 10-900 MPa, a moisture vapor transmission rate permeance of 1-1000 gasteriskmil/m2asteriskday, and a dry insulation resistance of greater than 400 M Omega . The encapsulant layer comprises a cured clear fluid encapsulant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyamine comprises a polyaspartic ester, preferably a cyclo-aliphatic polyaspartic ester, and is 2-(4-(4-(1,2-bis-ethoxycarbonyl-ethylamino)-cyclohexylmethyl)-cyclohexylamino)-succinic acid diethyl ester. The diamine chain extender comprises an aliphatic cyclic secondary amine. The siloxane comprises an amine-functional siloxane. The back coat further comprises: a polyether-polyamine; and a spray applied and cured layer of polyurea resin formed from the coating composition. The polyether-polyamine comprises a polyether-triamine. The encapsulant layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermal transmitting mechanism is formed of resin and epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic conjugated polymer is selected from a group consisting of homopolymer or copolymer, thiofuran, fluorene, carbazole, pyrrole, benzothiadiazole, benzene and thiophene. The organic conjugated oligomer is selected from a group cosisting of linear oligomeric, modified oligothiophene, polythiophene and conjugated organic molecule dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon exists in the form of mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotube, activated carbon or carbon fiber. The battery is formed using initiator chosen from hydrogen peroxide, iron trichloride, ammonium persulfate and iron perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The battery is formed using an organic solvent chosen from chloroform, benzene, diethyl ether and ethanol, and acid chosen from toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyridine, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene or polydiacetylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The manganese source is potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate and manganese. The substrate is titanium foil, other conductive metal, carbon and glass substrate. The reducing agent and surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt and urea. The lithium source is lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate or lithium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)imide and tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methyl lithium. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate is 0.1-5 mol/l. The concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate)imide is 0.1-5 mol/l. The concentration of the tris(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methyl lithium is 0.1-5 mol/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bottom end connecting component is made of plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is selected from organic palladium tris(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium, 4-(triphenyl phosphine)palladium or bis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: Preparation of the compound (I) involves: reacting compound of formula (A) and (B) by Stille coupling reaction with organic palladium catalyst in presence of organic solvent to obtain the compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The hollow glass powder has tap density of 2-4 g/cm3 and softening point temperature of 400-600 degrees C, and contains A-B'-C' ternary co-calcined glass powder, where A is lead oxide or bismuth oxide, B' is silica, and C' is boric oxide, zinc oxide, titania, barium oxide or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The silver powder is electroconductive spherical silver powder having particle size of 0.1-3 mu m, specific surface area of 0.5-3.5 m2/g and tap density of 2.5-6 g/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle comprises 85-95 wt.% organic solvent, 3-10 wt.% thickening agent and 0.5-5 wt.% additive. The organic solvent is chosen from alcohol, terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol and turpentine oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thickening agent is butyl carbitol acetate, butyl ether, diethyl ether acetate, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose and/or alkyd resin. The additive is chosen from polyamide powder, hydrogenated castor oil, phenolic resin binder, cetyl alcohol and octadecyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indium source is trivalent indium salt. Preferred Method: The method comprises dispersing and coating the composite catalyst on a substrate material, calcining the coated substrate material to obtain electrode, counter electrode and light anode of dye-sensitized solar energy battery containing iodine ion or iodine (iii) ion electrolytic solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfur source is thiourea, dodecanethiol, L-cysteine, thioacetamide or hydrogen sulfide. The solvent is tartaric acid, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, oleylamine or n-butanol. The template agent is Span 80 (RTM: Sorbitan monooleate), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, polyethylene glycol or polysorbate. The carbon material is activated carbon, conductive carbon, graphite, mesoporous carbon, carbon black, carbon pigment, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, 60C or printer toner waste. The substrate material is transparent electric conduction glass, electric conduction plastic, metal substrate, a carbon substrate, a polyethylene substrate or polyester polymer substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dispersant is produced by oxidation of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin and/or carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of rare earth oxide precursor to base powder is 1: 17-20. The inorganic zirconium salt is zirconium chloride or zirconium nitrate. The inorganic yttrium salt is yttrium chloride or yttrium nitrate. The concentration of rare earth oxide precursor solution is 0.01-0.03 mol/L. The mass ratio of polyethylene oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, urea and triallyl isocyanurate is 3-4: 60-75: 20-30: 0.1-0.2: 2. 5.1. Preferred Method: The method comprises taking the mineralizer, cerium oxide and rare earth composite powder, ball-milling for 2-3 hours to obtain mixed material; heating to 120-140 degrees C, adding the premix, then adding oleic acid, uniformly stirring for 4-5 hours, and standing for 30-40 minutes to remove gas; and sintering at 1200-1400 degrees C for 0.5-20 hours to obtain the hollow casting ceramic core.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises mixing acrylonitrile, oligo ethylene glycol and sodium methoxide in an ice bath, stirring, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, again reacting at 45 degrees C for 48 hours, adjusting the pH of the reaction mixture to neutral after completion of the reaction, distilling the mixture under reduced pressure to obtain intermediate product of polyethylene glycol ether and propionitrile, adding triethylamine and tetrahydrofuran solvent to the intermediate product, slowly dropping trimethylchlorosilane to the mixture, reacting the mixture for 24 hours, removing the solid in the mixture by filtration, removing the solvent by rotary evaporation, and distilling the obtained product under reduced pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The 2,7-fluorine-based conjugated polymer containing phosphatidylcholine is prepared by copolymerizing 2,7-fluorine monomer containing phosphatidylcholine of formula (i) and Ar' monomer of formula R4-Ar'-R4.R2,R4=bromo, iodine, chloro, trialkyltin or 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl;R3=1-4C alkyl; andz=2-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 9,9-bis(bromo-alkyl)-3,6-fluorene monomer of formula (II) and reactive group-containing monomer of formula: R2-Ar-R2, are reacted by copolymerization reaction, to obtain 3,6-fluorene-containing precursor conjugated polymer. The 3,6-fluorene-containing precursor conjugated polymer is subjected to diethanolamine conversion reaction, to obtain compound (I).R1,R2=bromo, iodo, chloro, trialkyltin or 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxolan-2-yl-boranyl;andz=2-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is titania, silica, alumina, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum carbide, graphite, carbon fiber and/or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surface modifier is silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminum coupling agent, polyethylene wax, ethylene vinyl acetate wax, microcrystalline wax or montan wax.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The back plate further has an adhesive layer between the intermediate layer and weather-proof layer. The adhesive layer contains polar polymer chosen from polyethylene, polyurethane and ionomer. The mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride and polymethyl methacrylate is 80-100:20-0. The weather-proof layer, intermediate layer, functional layer and adhesive layer contain heat dissipating filler and surface modifier, and have thickness of 20-30 mu m, 180-200 mu m, 7-100 mu m and 20 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrophilic coating comprises a substrate and a hydrophilic coating, preferably hydrophilic coating comprises titanium dioxide and/or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is polycarbonate, glass, polyacrylate, polypropylene, silicon rubber, silicone, silane polymer, polymethyl acrylate or epoxy resin. The substrate is further formed with high light transmittance protective film on the surface of the substrate. A transition layer is set between the substrate and the hydrophilic coating. The lower surface structure comprises a substrate and a hydrophobic coating. The hydrophobic coating is organic silicone compound, silane, silicone, organic fluorine compound, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine rubber, fluorine containing silane or polyethylene oxide. The lower surface structure further comprises a heat absorption layer set between the hydrophobic coating and substrate to improve the heat absorption efficiency of the lower surface structure. The lower surface structure further comprises a water permeable fiber layer, whose top is attached with a hydrophobic coating, used for guiding and spreading the water flow.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and/or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive contains lubricant and antioxidant. The lubricant is polyethylene wax and/or polypropylene wax. The antioxidant is antioxidant 1010 (pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate)) and/or antioxidant 168 (tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Gene is selected from Escherichia coli. Auxiliary factor is selected from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Buffering liquid is phosphate buffering liquid. Fixing agent is selected from polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic amide, polyvinyl alcohol or calcium alginate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is a mixture of calcium carbonate and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The initiator is a combination of benzoyl peroxide and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate. The coupling agent is 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises mixing metal salt, dispersant and a reducing agent and then reacting to obtain a colloidal solution, mixing strontium, gallium and Re1 salts with aqueous ethanol to obtain a salt solution, adding citric acid, complexing agent and polyethylene glycol as surfactant to the salt solution and then stirring at 60-80 degrees C for 2-6 hours to obtain a sol, adding the colloidal solution to the sol and then stirring for 2-12 hours to obtain a sol precursor, drying the precursor to evaporate the solvent to obtain a xerogel, grinding xerogel and polishing to obtain xerogel powder, calcining the powder under air atmosphere at 400-600 degrees C for 2-10 hours and then cooling and crushing to obtain the xerogel precursor powder. Preferred Process: The method further comprises washing the precursor powder with a solution of ethanol-water mixture in a volume ratio of 3-8:1. The mixing step is carried out for 10-45 minutes. Preferred Components: The reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The strontium, gallium and Re1 salts are in the form of their nitrates and acetates. The molar ratio of citric acid and strontium, gallium and Re1 salts is 1-5:1. The molar ratio of reducing agent to the salt solution is 0.5:1-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is polyethylene pyrrolidone, sodium citrate, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate, and is present in an amount of 1x 10-4 to 5x 10-2 g/ ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of 100-20000, preferably 2000-10000 and has concentration of 0.05-0.2 g/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate), polybutylene terephthalate, polybutyl terephthalate, and/or anodized aluminum material. The barrier layer comprises PTFE resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, polyvinyl fluoride resin, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin, perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer resin, polytrifluorochloroethylene resin, and/or thermoplastic resin. The first and second adhesive layers are adhered by polyurethane glue, epoxy resin glue, silicone glue and/or polymer hot melt glue. The protection layer comprises polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, and/or organic silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An electric conduction agent is carbon black, carbon fiber, graphite, ketjen black, nano-carbon tube, metal, tin base alloy, lithium vanadium oxide, lithium titanium oxide and carbon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfate is aluminum sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, chromium sulfate, cobalt sulfate, nickel sulfate, barium sulfate, potassium sulfate and/or sodium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles are calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesia, titania, silica, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide, cerium dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate and/or barium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The separator is formed by mixing the raw materials in solvent chosen from tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetramethylurea, acetone, methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, cyclohexane, water and alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulating film is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide or nonwoven fabric. The binder is styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone and/or polyacrylic acid-styrene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic granule is comprised of calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, tin dioxide, cerium dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate and barium titanate. The pore-forming solution is comprised of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, francium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The composite membrane is made of tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, tetramethyl urea, tetramethyl phosphate, acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and cyclohexane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bonding agent is comprised of styrene-butadiene polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylic ester, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, butadiene-acrylonitrile polymer, polyethylene pyrrolidone and polyacrylic acid a-styrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The inorganic ceramic particles are chosen from calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium dioxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zirconia, tin dioxide, ceria, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate and barium titanate. The mass ratio of inorganic ceramic particles and dendritic-shaped graft copolymer is 1:0.1-1. Preferred Property: The average particle size of inorganic ceramic particles is 0.01-10 mu m, more preferably 0.1-5 mu m, and most preferably 0.3-3 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acrylate monomer is chosen from ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, 3-methoxyacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate. The alcohol monomer is chosen from vinyl alcohol, propylene glycol and butanol. The initiator is chosen from azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, ammonium persulfate, diisopropylbenzene peroxide and t-butyl peroxide. The mass ratio of acrylate monomer and alcohol monomer is 1:0.01-1. The mass ratio of acrylate monomer and initiator is 1:0.001-0.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material is polyethylene material or polypropylene material. Preferred Property: The thickness of coating is 0.5-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The lithium ion battery comprises electrolytic solution, a collector, a positive electrode sheet, and a negative electrode sheet containing current collector and electrode paste coated on the collector.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Graphite oxide is prepared by adding graphite having purity of 99.5% or more to mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, mixing uniformly, adding potassium permanganate solution, stirring, performing primary oxidation reaction of graphite at 85 degrees C, adding hydrogen peroxide solution, removing excess potassium permanganate, filtering, washing obtained solid using dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and drying. Preferred Composition: The collector is copper foil, aluminum foil or nickel foil. The electrode paste comprises binder, cobalt oxide-graphene-carbon nanotube composite material and a conductive agent. The positive electrode sheet is lithium sheet. The conductive agent is acetylene black, activated carbon or carbon black. The mass ratio of cobalt oxide-graphene-carbon nanotube composite material, binder and conductive agent is 85:5:10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic solution comprises electrolyte including lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide or lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and solvent including dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, alkenyl ester and/or acetonitrile. The concentration of electrolyte in electrolytic solution is 1 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is styrene-butadiene rubber and/or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first and second alcohol solvents are selected from ethanol, methanol or isopropyl alcohol. The surface active agent is selected from tetra-methyl base-decyl-alkyne, diol, ethoxylate, tetra-methyl-dodecyl, glycol ether or glycerin mono-stearate. The electric conduction agent is selected from di-methyl sulfoxide or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is concentrated hydrochloric acid, diluted hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, dilute nitric acid, or perchloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric substrate is made of a material that is selected from one of polyacrylate, acrylonitrile butadiene stirene, ethylene vinyl alcohol, fluoroplastic, polystirene, melamine formaldehyde, polymer crystal-liquid, polyacetal, acrylo nitrile, plastic phenolformaldehyde, polyamide, imid polyamide, polyaryl ether ketone, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) (RTM: colorless organic thermoplastic polymer), cis 1,4-poly butadiene, trans 1,4-poly butadiene, poly 1-butylene, polybutylene terephthalate, poly caprolactam, polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene stirene, poly 2, 6-dimethyl-1.4-phenylene ether, polydicyclopentadiene, polyester, poly ether imide, poly ethylene, polyethylene chlorinate, poly ethylene glycol, poly ethylene hexamethylene dicarbamate, poly ethylene oxide, polyethersulfone, poly ethylene sulfide, poly ethylene terephthalate, phenolics, poly hexamethylene adipamide, poly hexamethylene sebacamide, poly ethylene hexamethylene dicarbamate, poly imide, poly isobutylene, polyketone, polylactic acid, poly methyl methacrylate, poly methyl pentene, poly m-methyl stirene, poly p-methyl stirene, poly oxymethylene, poly m-phenylene, isophthalamide, poly phenylene oxide, poly phenylene sulfide, poly phenylene terephthalate, polyphthalamide poly propylene, poly propylene oxide, poly stirene, polysulfone, poly fluoro ethylene, poly polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral, poly chloride vinyl, poly chloride vinylidene, poly fluoride of vinylidene, poly vinyl methyl
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric substrate is made of a material sheet that is selected from polyacrylates, acrylonitrile butadiene stirene, ethylene vinyl alcohol, fluoroplastic, polystirene, melamine formaldehyde, polymers crystal-liquids, polyacetal, acrylo nitrile, plastic phenolformaldehyde, polyamide, imid polyamide, polyaryl ether ketone polyether ether ketone, cis 1,4-poly butadiene, trans 1,4-poly butadiene, poly 1-butylene, polybutylene terephthalate, poly caprolactam, poly carbonate, polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene stirene, poly 2, 6-dimethyl-1.4-phenylene ether, polydicyclopentadiene, polyester, polyether ether ketone, poly ether imide, poly ethylene, polyethylene chlorinates, poly ethylene glycol, poly ethylene hexamethylene dicarbamate, poly ethylene oxide, poly,thersulfone, poly ethylene sulfide, poly ethylene terephthalate, phenolics, poly hexamethylene adipamide, poly hexamethylene sebacamide, poly ethylene hexamethylene dicarbamate, poly imide, poly isobutylene, polyketone, polylactic acid, poly methyl methacrylate, poly methyl pentene, poly m-methyl stirene, poly p-methyl stirene, poly oxymethylene, poly m-phenylene, isophthalamide, poly phenylene oxide, poly phenylene sulfide, poly phenylene terephthalate, polyphthalamide poly propylene, poly propylene oxide, poly stirene, polysulfone, poly fluoro ethylene, poly polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral, poly chloride vinyl, poly chloride vinylidene, poly fluoride of vinylidene, poly vinyl methyl ether and poly silico
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnetic material comprises 79-89 atom%, preferably 82-86 atom% of transition metal, 5-11 atom%, preferably 7-9 atom% of rare earth metal, and 5-11 atom%, preferably 7-9 atom% of titanium. The transition metal comprises 1-50 atom%, preferably 8-20 atom% of cobalt, and comprises at least one of iron (preferred), nickel or manganese. The rare earth metal comprises lanthanum, cerium (both preferred), neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, samarium, promethium, yttrium, scandium, gadolinium, holmium and/or erbium. The structure of the magnetic material is tetragonal rare earth (transition metal, titanium)12 with a (thorium-manganese)12 structure. Preferred Method: The melting step is carried out by heat treating at a temperature of 500-1500 degrees C, preferably 700-1100 degrees C for a period of 10 minutes to 2 weeks, preferably 5-12 days. The mixture is subjected to grinding step and/or nitridation step.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin material is resin chosen from silicone resin, urethane resin and acrylic resin. The solar reflection panel further has a hard-coat layer (4) formed using polymer containing metalloxane skeleton at outermost surface of the solar incident side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ionic-conductive fluid has the ions of an element, which is selected from vanadium, iron, manganese, chromium, zinc, molybdenum, sulfur, cerium, lead, tin, titanium, germanium, bromine and chlorine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The antifoaming agent is compound powder or binders. Pore-forming agent is polystyrene. The binder is polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyethylene diethylene phthalate, paraffin or fatty acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer comprises pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base resin is metallocene-type linear-low-density polyethylene. The sealing material composition further comprises copolymer formed by copolymerizing ( alpha )-olefin and ethylenically unsaturated silane compound as comonomer. Preferred Property: The density of heat-resistant resin is 0.93-0.97 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass (B) is scale-like glass having particle diameter of 100-2000 mu m and aspect ratio of 15 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The absolute value of the difference of the refractive index of (meth)acrylic resin (A) and the refractive index of glass (B) is 0.08 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antistatic agent is nonionic antistatic agent. The content of antistatic agent in the film is 0.4-1.5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antistatic agent is a nonionic antistatic agent. The content of antistatic agent in the film is 0.4-1.5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The wavelength conversion-type sealing material layer in solar cell module is arranged to pass incident light to reach a photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell is crystalline-silicon solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): 4,7-Dibromobenzothiadiazole and 2-alkoxyphenylboronic acid are subjected to coupling reaction in presence of metal catalyst, to obtain benzothiadiazole compound (I). Preferred Properties: The benzothiadiazole compound has maximal absorption wavelength of 340-380 nm, maximum fluorescent emission wavelength of 430-530 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin matrix comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as main component. The content of benzothiadiazole compound (I) is 0.01-10 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin matrix. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Benzothiadiazole compounds are disclosed i.e. 4,7-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole of formula (Ia), 4,7-bis(2-ethoxyphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 4,7-bis(2-2-isopropoxyphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, and 4,7-bis(2-(3-aryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole.    EXAMPLE - 2.94 g 4,7-Dibromobenzothiadiazole, 3.34 g 2-methoxyphenylboronic acid, 92 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and 5.53 g potassium carbonate were provided into a reactor, dimethylformamide was added, the resultant product was spin-dried, then distilled water was added and nitrogen bubbling was carried out, the resultant product was stirred at 100 degrees C for 2 hours, the reaction solution was poured into 500 ml of water, the precipitate was filtered, the resultant product was separated, the obtained deposit was dissolved in acetone and isopropanol, the resultant product was heated, filtered and recrystallized, to obtain 4,7-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The catalyst includes nickel(II) compound, nickel(0) compound, palladium(II) compound and/or palladium(0) compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Organic-semiconductor material is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Thienothiophene polymer is prepared by reacting thienothiophene compound of formula (Ia) with an organic magnesium reagent in an organic solvent, polymerizing obtained reaction material in presence of a catalyst, and evaporating organic solvent, or adding a poor solvent and precipitating.X1,X2=halo.Preferred Composition: Lithium chloride is further added during polymerization. Preferred Definitions:    R1=H.    EXAMPLE - 1 mL Tetrahydrofuran and 91.3 mg 2-bromo-5-iodo-3-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene were added into dried round bottom flask and stirred at 0 degrees C. 0.1 mL Tetrahydrofuran solution of 2 M isopropyl magnesium chloride was added and stirred for 30 minutes. Then, solution of 8.03 mg (1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene)triphenylphosphine nickel(II) dichloride was added, stirred at room temperature for 3.5 days, polymerized, dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and organic solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, to obtain 44.4 mg reddish brown thienothiophene polymer. The obtained polymer had number average molecular weight of 3100 and molecular weight distribution of 1.69.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material is chosen from natural graphite, artificial graphite, vapor growth carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, acetylene black, Ketchen black (RTM: electroconductive carbon black) and furnace black. The electroconductive foil comprises metal containing aluminum. The titanium-containing complex oxide is lithium titanate or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive auxiliary comprises carbon material containing 0.1-10 meq/g acidic functional group. The acidic functional group is chosen from sulfonic acid group, phosphoric acid group and carboxylic acid group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive auxiliary and/or binder comprise the acidic functional group. The binder comprises aromatic polyether-based polymer containing 1-5 meq/g acidic functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hot-melt-adhesive layer contains thermoplastic resin chosen from acid-modified polyolefin, silane-modified polyolefin, ionomer and ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The material (M1) comprises particles, fiber, tube, layer, or platelet, and is formed of carbon, glass, ceramic materials, metallic materials, polymer materials, and/or their composites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A material (M2) comprises fire-extinguishing agent, thermal runaway retarder, electrolyte absorber and/or gas generation agent is utilized during manufacture of battery. The fire-extinguishing agents and thermal runaway retarders comprise materials which change solvation structures of ions or materials which change viscosity of electrolyte solutions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Composition: The composition has a neutral charge. Preferred Definitions:    Ra1-Rd1 = polyalkylene, polyether or polyester.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 39 Compounds (Q) are specifically claimed e.g. phosphorescent tetradentate metal complexes of formulae (IA)-(VA).    EXAMPLE - 1427 mg of 2'-(1H-Pyrazol-1-yl)-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-2,9'-bicarbazole, 1308 mg of potassium tetrachloroplatinum (II), and 97 mg of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide were added to a dry pressure tube equipped with a magnetic stir bar. The tube was then taken into a glove box and 180 ml of acetic acid was added. The mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 30 minutes and then the tube was sealed. The tube was taken out of the glove box and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Then the mixture was heated to 105-115 degrees C in an oil bath and stirred at that temperature for 3 days, cooled to ambient temperature and 180 ml of water was added slowly. After stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with water 3 times. Then the solid was dried in air under reduced pressure. The collected solid was purified through column chromatography on silica gel using dichloromethane as eluent to obtain 872 mg of 2'-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-2,9'-bicarbazole platinum complex as a yellow solid with 44% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The process further comprises forming the carboxymethyl cellulose in step (a) in an absence of strong acid; and treating the obtained step (a) and step (b) in an aqueous solution comprising alcohol. Preferred Components: The weak acid is acetic acid (preferred), formic acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitrous acid, hydrocyanic acid and/or hydrogen sulfate ion. The sodium carboxymethyl cellulose has a degree of substitution of 0.4-2. EXAMPLE - 50 g of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was dispersed in 700 g of a solvent consisting of 50 vol.% methanol, 50 vol.% isopropanol and 20 vol.% purified water at 23 degrees C. 26.4 g of Glacial acetic acid was stirred at 23 degrees C for 1 hour to form high viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose (H-CMC). The H-CMC was dispersed with 700 g of lithium chloride solution and then stirred for 15 minutes. The stirred H-CMC was isolated from the solvent by filtration to obtain isolated product. The isolated product was washed with 700 g of solvent, 20 vol.% water, 50 vol.% methanol and 30 vol.% isopropanol and then dried at 55 degrees C for 12 hours to obtain lithium carboxymethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel gas, such as hydrogen and an oxidizing gas, such as oxygen are supplied to the anode. The catalyst is platinum, ruthenium, platinum ruthenium alloy, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of surface layer (a) and surface layer (b) is 0.1-50 mu m, respectively. The average hole diameter of macrovoids contained in surface layer (a) and surface layer (b) is 0.01-10 mu m and 5-200 mu m, respectively. The macrovoid layer has a total film thickness of 5-500 mu m and a porosity of 60-95%. The polymeric porous membrane has a Gurley value of 30 seconds or less and a glass transition temperature of 240 degrees C or more. The porous membrane does not have a clear transition point at more than 300 degrees C. Preferred Component: The macromolecular composition of polymeric porous membrane contains polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal salt is lithium salt. The n-type semiconductor is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electric charge transport layer contains poly(ethylenedioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The matrix resin comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as a main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photoresist layer is based on SU-8 photoresist, which is an epoxy like material applied using standard optical photolithography techniques. The semitransparent conducting polymer layer is a layer of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) applied onto the sensing portion of the exposed side of the ITO coating to match the energy level of the polymer to the anode interface. The active polymer layer of the device is a Poly(2,5-bisoctyloxy)-1 ,4-phenylenevinylene (PBPV) layer applied onto the exposed side of the semitransparent conducting polymer layer of the sensing portion. The PBPV is a semiconducting conjugated polymer with an energy gap of - 2.5 electron volt which can be optically excited with a UV light source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar concentration of vanadium ion is 2 mol/L. The molar concentration of anionic substance is 10 times or less than the molar concentration of vanadium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid polymer, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, or polystyrene sulfonic acid. The anionic concentration of polymer having phosphonic acid group and/or sulfonic acid group is 0.0001-1 times the molar concentration of vanadium ion. The electrolyte solution further comprises anionic substance in addition to polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The radical polymerization initiator is nitroxide-type polymerization initiator or azo-type polymerization initiator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of the antiblocking agent is 10-5000 parts per million (ppm). The anti-blocking agent is at least one chosen from fluorine-containing polymer, polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax, ethylene propylene copolymer wax, aliphatic amide, fatty acid metal salt, and Fischer-Tropsch wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lithium salt is selected from lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium chlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium triflate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V), lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium tetrachloroaluminate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate or ethylpropyl carbonate. Preferred Definitions:    M=Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn or Y.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic salt compound (A) containing cation is of formula (I) or (II).R1=1-20C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hetero atom or 1-20C substituent optionally containing hetero atom;R2-R7=H, or 1-20C hydrocarbyl optionally containing hetero atom;andQ=N, O, P, or S.(i) When N contains double bond, R3 does not exist; (ii) When Q is O or S, R7 does not exist; and (iii) When Q is S, R4 and R5 are optionally connected.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is chosen from polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polythiazole, and its derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lithium salt is selected from lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) or lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is selected from ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetraethylene glycol dimethylether, gamma -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive resin composition further contains silane coupling agent which does not have cyclic ether-containing group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polypropylene is 65:35-45:55. The vinyl acetate content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-40 %mass. Preferred Properties: The viscosity of mixture formed by mixing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polypropylene is measured with a shear rate of 100-1500 second-1. The temperature of composition having viscosity of 30000 Pa.second is 70-100 degrees C and the temperature of composition having viscosity of 20000-50000 Pa.second is 5 degrees C or more. The melt flow rate of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 1-50 g/10 minutes, measured based on JIS K7210.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal is bismuth, copper, cadmium, lead, tin, zinc, silver, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, aluminum, antimony, chromium, iron, nickel, rhodium, tantalum, titanium, or vanadium, preferably silver. Metal component is used as conductive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Poly(vinyl butyral) layer contains 0.001-5 wt.%, preferably 1-5 wt.% 1H-benzotriazole. Poly(vinyl butyral) layer further contains phenolic antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameter: The ignition loss of the compound is 1.3-15%, or 1.3-10%. Preferred Composition: The content of the silane coupling agent is 0.01 part by mass to 0.5 part by mass. Preferred Components: The ethylene-based resin is an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer, where the ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer is at least one copolymer selected from an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, an ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer and an ethylene-vinyl acetate-methyl methacrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal is bismuth, copper, cadmium, lead, tin, zinc, silver, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, aluminum, antimony, chromium, iron, nickel, rhodium, tantalum, titanium, or vanadium (preferably silver). The metal component is used as conductive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The poly(vinyl butyral) layer comprises 0.001-5 wt.%, 0.1-0.4 wt.% or 1-5 wt.% 1H-benzotriazole; and additionally phenolic antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high refractive index plasticizer has a refractive index of 1.46-1.56. The soft layer: comprises poly(vinyl butyral) resin having 8-21 wt.% residual hydroxy, and the stiff layer comprises a poly(vinyl butyral) resin having 16-35 wt.% a residual hydroxy, and the residual hydroxy between the adjacent soft and stiff layers differs by at least 2 wt.%; and has 10-120 phr plasticizer, where the stiff layer has 5-60 phr plasticizer. The multiple layer interlayer (i1) or (i2) comprises at least two different high refractive plasticizers, where each high refractive index plasticizer has a refractive index of at least 1.46. The different high refractive plasticizers are in the same layer or different layers, where one plasticizer has a refractive index of at least 1.46 and one plasticizer has a refractive index of less than 1.45. The first and second layers comprise plasticizer having a refractive index of at least 1.460, or less than 1.450 and the third layer comprises the plasticizer having a refractive index of less than 1.450 or at least 1.460. The first and second layers are stiff or soft and the third layer is a soft or stiff. The first, second or third plasticizer is a mixture comprising at least one plasticizer having a refractive index of less than 1.450 and at least one high refractive index plasticizer having a refractive index of at least 1.460, where the refractive index of the plasticizer mixture is at least 1.460. The plasticizer mixture has a refractive index of 1.46-1.560. EXAMPLE - 100 pars Poly(vinyl butyral) resin and 40 phr dioctyl terephthalate were mixed and melt-extruded to obtain multiple layer polymer interlayer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises stirring vigorously for 1 hour, and converting 15% of the monomer into polymer. The acidic aqueous solution is prepared by adding 40 mg of monomer (3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile) to about a milliliter of about 1.6 wt.% hydrochloric acid in deionized water, and forming a 0.3 M solution. The second aqueous solution is prepared by adding 100 mg of ammonium persulfate to 1 ml of deionized water and forming about a 0.44 M solution. Preferred Components: The electrically conducting organic oligomer comprises 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile and 4-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3-yl-amine. EXAMPLE - 40 mg of 3-Amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile was added to 1.6 wt.% of hydrochloric acid in deionized water to form a 0.3M solution A. 100 mg of Ammonium persulfate was added to deionized water to form a 0.44 M solution B. The solution A and the solution B were mixed, and the reaction was allowed to proceed overnight at 40 degrees C. After 1 hour, the reaction was assayed using thin-layer chromatography, which showed that 15% of the monomer was converted to polymer. The reaction was allowed to proceed overnight at 40 degrees C. By the next day, the mixture was turned brownish-grey having a pH of 1. Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was used to raise the pH of aliquots from the reaction mixture. When the pH was reached to 7.1, a brick red solid precipitate was formed. In a second aliquot, the pH was raised to 8.1, and the solution was greenish. The red and green solids were purified by adding excess deionized water, and the mixture was heated at 75 degrees C for 1 hour and then centrifuged and dried overnight under vacuum at 75 degrees C to obtain oligo(3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 2-(4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.0(3,7))dodeca-1(9),3(7),5,11-tetraen-5-yl)-9H-carbazole derivative (I) preparation involves treating (2,8-bis(dimethyl-2H-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-11-(trimethylstannyl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.0(3,7))dodeca-1(9),3(7),5,11-tetraen-5-yl)trimethylstannane derivative (II) with 4-(2,7-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenol in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.5 in presence of an organic solvent and a catalyst at 60-120 degrees C through Stille coupling reaction for 24-72 hours. The obtained product is separated from impurities and then undergoes purification to obtain a polymer product i.e. 4-(2-(2,8-bis(2H-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-11-methyl-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.0(3,7))dodeca-1(9),3(7),5,11-tetraen-5-yl)-7-methyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenol derivative (III). The obtained product is treatred with 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile in a molar ratio of 1:1-20:25 at 30-40 degrees C for 20-24 hours to obtain a copolymer product, which undergoes purification t obtain desired product. Preferred Components: Organic solvent is selected from tetrahydrofuran, N,N- dimethylformamide, toluene or chloroform. Catalyst required is organic palladium compound, which is selected from bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, tri (2-methylphenyl) phosphine. Preferred Composition: Concentration of palladium compound is 0.01-0.03wt.%. Preferred Condition: Purification process is carried out through column chromatography, where methanol is recovered using soxhlet extractor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Dithiolane derivative of formula (i) and thiophene derivative of formula (ii) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.5:1 are added to organic solvent (s1) under protection of inert gas, and a catalyst is added, to form a mixture. The mixture is subjected to Stille coupling reaction at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, separated, and purified, to obtain 1,3-dithiolane derivative of formula (iii). The obtained product and propanedinitrile in a molar ratio of 1:20-1:25 are added to organic solvent (s2), pyridine is dripped, reacted at 30-40 degrees C for 20-24 hours, separated, and purified, to obtain malononitrile-containing thienopyrrole-benzodiazepin thiophene copolymer (I). Preferred Process: The malononitrile-containing thienopyrrole-benzodiazepin thiophene copolymer (I) is prepared by distilling obtained reaction mixture, removing excess organic solvent (s2), pouring resultant product into methanol, precipitating, filtering, obtaining crude product, dissolving crude product in chloroform, filtering by a polytetrafluoroethylene filter film, removing chloroform, adding methanol, precipitating, and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is aluminum and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer further comprises bottom coating. The energy assembly further comprises aluminum foil waterproof middle layer. The substrate layer is foamed material, acrylic resin, polyurethane, polyethylene rubber, and/or nonwoven material mixture. The first adhesive layer is acrylic plastic, hot melt adhesive, and/or structural adhesive. The second adhesive layer is acrylic plastic, silicon rubber, rubber adhesive, hot melt adhesive, and/or structural adhesive. The middle layer is metal, rubber, and/or polyurethane. The rubber is ethylene propylene diene rubber, fluorine rubber, and/or polyisobutylene mixture. The film layer is polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, PTFE, nylon, and/or ionomer mixture. The bottom coating is polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, vinyl, PTFE, nylon or metal foil, and further comprises third adhesive layer. The third adhesive layer is acrylic plastic, hot melt adhesive, structural adhesive, and/or silicone rubber. The film layer is black PVC, and further comprises top layer. The top layer is abrasion resistance coating, weather-resistant coating, waterproof coating, stain-resistant coating or decorative coating. The adhesive has sealed bond strength of greater than 1 N/cm according to 90 degree peel strength tester. The adhesive layer bond is acrylic adhesive layer. The adhesive layer bond substrate layer is acrylic foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quantum point sensitizer composition comprises cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide or lead sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The laminated nanofiber/polymer composite film comprises barium titanate nanofibers, strontium titanate nanofibers and titanium dioxide nanofibers. The laminated nanoparticle/polymer composite film comprises barium titanate nanoparticle, strontium titanate nanoparticle and titanium dioxide nanoparticle. The barium strontium titanate compound is of formula (BaxSr1-xTiO3-y(Bi2O3.nTiO2)) (I). An organic layer i.e. dopamine layer is formed on a surface of laminated nanofiber/polymer composite film. The laminated nanofiber/polymer composite film has a diameter of 100-500 nm and fiber length of 0.1-10 mm. The laminated nanoparticle/polymer composite film has a diameter of 20-300 nm.x = 0.3-1;y = 0-0.1; andn = 1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding a mixed solution of nanoparticles and fibers with polymer matrix and then mixing to obtain mixed solution and then heating and cooling. Preferred Components: The polymer matrix is polyvinylidene fluoride, epoxy resin, polyvinylidene trifluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyester and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting the 1,7-dibromo-perylene diimide, potassium carbonate, and fatty alcohols with dimethylformamide to obtain 1-bromo-7-substituted perylene diimide; and reacting the obtained 1-bromo-7-substituted perylene diimide with a heteroaromatic ring trimethyltin derivative in the presence of a catalyst and an organic solvent to prepare the compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent includes epoxy compound, melamine compound and carbodiimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The glass transition temperature of the polyester polyurethane resin (b1) is 0-50 degrees C. Preferred Process: The layer (b) is formed by coating the resin composition on the layer (a) and heat processing at 150 degrees C or more and less than 250 degrees C. Preferred Composition: Polyester resin is polyethylene terephthalate having intrinsic viscosity of 0.65-0.8 dl/g, and containing 25 equivalent/ton or less terminal carboxyl groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method involves using inert gases such as nitrogen and helium gas. The reaction temperature is 10-100 degrees C. The concentration of the polymer solution to be reacted is 0.5-0.001%. The interaction between the polymer molecules with SO3 gas is carried in a tubular reactor with a certain type of reactor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of monomer having acetoacetoxy ethyl group and (meth)acroyl group is 0.01-20 wt.% based on 100 wt.% monomers contained in acrylic copolymer (A). The metal chelate compound (B) is aluminum chelate compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The number average molecular weight of acrylic copolymer (A) is 10000-200000. The equivalence ratio of acetoacetoxy ethyl group contained in acrylic copolymer (A) and connector in metal chelate compound (B) is 0.1-5. Preferred Composition: The adhesive composition further contains acetylacetone (C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrolysis-suppression polyester further comprises titanium compound as polymerization catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Wood-based material is solvated with phenolic compound, an acid is then added and mixed, to obtain lignophenol or its derivative(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin composition further comprises grafted polyethylene obtained by graft-polymerizing copolymer of ethylenic unsaturated silane compound and polyethylene, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The wood-based material comprises used paper, coppiced timber, wood powder, and/or construction waste material other than chip.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealing material contact bonding layer of protection sheet contains polyethylene-type resin. The polyethylene-type resin is low-density polyethylene or very low-density polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidizing precursor is oxygen plasma. The reducing precursor is hydrogen plasma. The substrate is metal oxide. The substrate includes many particles including at least one of yttria-stabilized zirconia, niobium pentoxide, niobium doped titanium oxide, iridium oxide or rhodium oxide. In the catalyst layer: the substantially continuous thin film of platinum has a thickness of 2-6 monolayers; and substantially continuous thin film of platinum is strained. The catalyst layer further comprises many conductive particles present at 1-50 wt.%. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further comprises disposing the particles in a fluidized bed during the first and second performing steps. The first ALD process is performed for 10-100 cycles. In the method, a surface of the substrate has a surface contour and the second ALD process forms a platinum thin film that conforms to the surface contour and has a thickness of 1-10 monolayers. In the method (M2): depositing of the first platinum organometallic precursor and applying of the oxidizing precursor is performed for 25-75 cycles; and depositing of the second platinum organometallic precursor and applying of the reducing precursor is performed for 1-5000 cycles. The method (M2) further comprises: mixing the particles, after reducing precursor is applied, with a cation-conducting polymer and a solvent to form a catalyst mixture; and applying the catalyst mixture to one of a fuel cell electrode and a separator to form a catalyst layer, once dried.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second platinum organometallic precursors are the same. The first and second platinum organometallic precursors are trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl) platinum. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of palladium in the particles surface measured by inductive coupling plasma emission spectral analysis method is 25 atomic% with respect to total content of platinum and palladium. The total content of catalyst particles is 1-80 %mass, with respect to 100 %mass catalyst particles. The support comprises conductive carbon, and metal oxycarbonitride of formula: MCxNyOz. The metal oxycarbonitride is preferably titanium oxycarbonitride.x=0.01-2;y=0.01-2;z=0.01-3;andM=Al or Ti.Preferred Properties: The average particle size of catalyst particles is 1-20 nm. The support-type catalyst particles have BET specific surface area of 150-1000 m2/g. The BET specific surface area of conductive carbon is 150-2000 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The film thickness of the application layer (B) is more than the film thickness of the application layer (C). The film thickness of the application layer (B) is 0.3-5 mu m. The average particle diameter of the inorganic particles is less than the film thickness of the application layer (B). The average particle diameter of the inorganic particles is 1/2 or less with respect to film thickness of the application layer (B). The average particle diameter of the inorganic particles in the application layer (B) is 1 mu m or less. Preferred Composition: The application layer (B) further contains 10-35 vol.% inorganic particles. The inorganic particles comprise particles chosen from colloidal silica, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide, and/or black pigment. The application layer (B) further contains crosslinking agent. The application layer (C) further contains an antistatic agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The black pigment contains carbon black. The crosslinking agent is oxazoline-type crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell backsheet further contains an application layer (D) comprising silicone resin or fluorine-type polymer, and inorganic particles on the surface opposite to the application layer (B) side, black pigment and nonionic surfactant, and application layer (E) containing silicone resin or fluorine-type polymer, and inorganic particles on the surface opposite to the support material side of the application layer (D), nonionic surfactant and crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The metal oxide microparticles have average particle diameter of 1-100 nm. Preferred Components: The metal oxide microparticles contain zinc oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, or iron oxide. The inorganic layer contains an oxynitride, nitride or oxide of silicon or aluminum, preferably silicon oxide of formula: SiOx1 (II) and aluminum oxide of formula: AlOx2 (III).x1=1-2;andx2=1-2.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic-inorganic mixture layer of the stress relaxation layer contains an acrylic compound and silica nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The stress relaxation layer is obtained by performing chemical vapor deposition method. Preferred Composition: The barrier layer is a cured product of coating solution containing polysilazane or hydrogenated polysiloxane. The coating solution preferably contains hydrogenated polysiloxane. The stress relaxation layer is a cured product of urethane-type polysilazane. The oxygen content of the hydrogenated polysiloxane is 0.2-3 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The thermal expansion coefficient of stress relaxation layer is lower than the thermal expansion coefficient of substrate and larger than the thermal expansion coefficient of barrier layer. The thickness of the stress relaxation layer and the barrier layer is 10-100 nm and 50-1000 nm, respectively. The ultraviolet-screening layer has a thickness of 50-1000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The active material is silicon or conductive polymer selected from a group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polypyrrole, polythiaphene, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, poly-ethylene succinate, polypropylene, poly-b-propiolactone, styrene butadiene rubber, carboxymethyl cellulose salt, sulfonated fluoropolymers, polyimide and poly-acrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The front contact layer is made of aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide or indium tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The guide bar is provided with a groove with smaller diameter based on the constant length and is placed along the vertical direction of the heating unit. The both ends of the groove is facing each other to prevent damaged of the gauntlet during conveying and shrinkage of the gauntlet while heating by the heating unit. The round trip roller is equipped with a roller shaft to fix the round trip on an elongated hole (112) elongates along the direction of the gauntlet and is placed on a bracket (111) outwardly protrudes along one side of the mounting stand. The roller shaft moves the round trip along the longitudinal direction of the elongated hole by selectively rotating an adjusting bolt (115) fixed within the elongated hole through a screw hole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluorine resin sheet is formed of tetra fluoroethylene- ethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene- perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation layer is formed from foamed polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide fine particles are silica-based fine particles, which are silica-type hollow microparticles. The weight with which the oligomer bonds with the silica-type hollow microparticles is 3-90 wt.% silica-type hollow microparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organosilicon compound is of formula: SiX4 (I). The organosilicon compound is tetrafunctional hydrolyzable organosilane. The binder component further contains trifunctional organosilicon compound.X=H, halo, 1-4C alkoxy or hydroxy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: The pH of oligomer liquid is brought to 5-7, preferably 4-7 by removing acid from liquid in modification process. Preferred Property: The thickness of the thin film is 80-120 nm or 180-220 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The total mass of diamine and dianhydride is 2-50%. The polar non-protonic organic solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, sulfolane, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethyl formamide, and/or m-cresol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises:(A) scraping polyamic acid coating solution on a clean glass plate, placing the glass plate in an oven, carrying out hot imidization by increasing temperature from room temperature to 50-180 degrees C constant temperature for 10-240 minutes, increasing the temperature to 180-250 degrees C constant temperature for 10-240 minutes, increasing the temperature to 250-380 degrees C for 10-360 minutes, and cooling to obtain a polyimide film;(B) adding dehydrating agent in the polyamic acid solution, heating to 50-200 degrees C, continuously stirring for 0.5-72 hours, cooling to room temperature, pouring methanol or acetone to obtain polyimide precipitate, filtering, drying to obtain a polyimide powder, and dissolving the polyimide powder in a solvent, where the solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethyl acetamide, N, N-dimethyl formamide, and/or m-cresol;(C) heating to completely dissolve the polyimide coating on the clean glass plate;(D) drying at 70-300 degrees C to remove the solvent; and(E) cooling.Preferred Method: A Y' and X-containing structure of diamine and dianhydride at a mol ratio of 1: (0.9-1.1) is dissolved in a polar aprotic organic solvent, and stirred at - 10-40 degrees C for 0.5-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A quaternary ammonium salt-containing organic trialkoxysilane is subjected to sol-gel reaction using trifluoromethane sulfonamide aqueous solution as a catalyst, to obtain trifluoromethane sulfonamide-containing compound (I). Preferred Process: The manufacture of trifluoromethane sulfonamide-containing compound further involves removing moisture content of the obtained product. Preferred Composition: The quaternary ammonium salt-containing organic trialkoxysilane is trimethyl(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)ammonium chloride. EXAMPLE - 9.0 mL Trifluoromethane sulfonamide aqueous solution was added to 0.9181 g trimethyl (3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)ammonium chloride in a glass container, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The resultant product was phase-separated, and aqueous solution was isolated by decantation. The resultant product was washed 10 times with 10 ml water, and dried under reduced pressure. 2 mL Ethanol was added to the resultant product, and dissolved. The resultant was heated at 150 degrees C for 2 hours in oven, and trifluoromethane sulfonamide-containing compound was obtained with yield of 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chemical reduction reduces reducing agent vapor that includes hydrazine monohydrate, sodium borohydride, hydroquinone, dimethylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine and ethylene diamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer layer comprises polymer such as PET, poly ether sulfone (PES), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), poly imide (PI), poly carbonate (PC), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The functional epoxy resin is bisphenol F diglycidylether type epoxy resin, bisphenol A diglycidylether type epoxy resin, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidylether type epoxy resin, 1,4-butanediol diglycidylether type epoxy resin or cycloaliphatic diglycidylether type epoxy resin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode is selected from indium-tin oxide, antimony doped tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, galium-doped zinc oxide, silver nanowire or carbon nanotube. The electron-transport layer is made of a material selected from titanium dioxide or aluminum doped zinc oxide. The hole-transport layer is made of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide or cerium doped molybdenum oxide. The anode is made of metal selected from silver, platinum, tungsten, copper, molybdenum, gold, nickel or palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole acceptor is selected from fullerene, fullerene derivatives, polybenzimidazole, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole or (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photoactive layer has electron-receptor selected from poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), carbazole-based polysiloxane, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, poly(1-methoxy-4-(O-disperse Red 1))-2,5-phenylenevinylene, polyindole, polycarbazole, polyiso-thianaphthene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyvinyl pyridine, polythiophene, polyfluorene, polypyridine or their derivatives. The hole-transport layer is made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt includes titanium tetrachloride, titanium isopropoxide, titanyl sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum chloride and/or silicon chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The hydrophilic fullerene derivative is 50-120C hydrophilic fullerene derivative of formula (I) having 1-6 ether oxygen chain and fullerene-methylene sites at (5,6) position and (6,6) position.A=fullerene;R1,R2=phenyl, carbonyl, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl;andn=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite material contains 0.01-10 %mass polyvinylpyrrolidone and/or polyvinyl alcohol as thickening agent and film-forming agent, and titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and/or silicon oxide. Preferred Process: The obtained composite material is further heated, dried, calcined, and vacuum dried. Preferred Property: The composite material has film thickness of 2 nm to 2 mm, and surface area of 100-8000 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acrylic monomer is (meth)acrylic acid. The acrylonitrile monomer is (meth)acrylonitrile. The acrylamide monomer is (meth)acrylamide. The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile and/or azobisisoheptonitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anti-shrinkage additive is polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and/or polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The essential oils include sulfur compounds of allyl methyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, diallyl sulfide and diallyl sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises carrying out Stille cross-coupling reaction of substituted bisstannylbithiophene and substituted 3,7-bis-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-thieno(3,2-b)pyrrol-(6Z)-ylidene)-3,7-dihydro-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')difuran-2,6-dione dibromide monomers in presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) catalyst and tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine ligand and polymerizing, where the ratio of monomers is 1:1, the amount of catalyst tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) is 2% with respect to the total amount of reactive monomers and the amount of tri(o-methylphenyl)phosphine is 4% with respect to the total amount of reactive monomers. Preferred Method: The Stille cross-coupling reaction is carried out at 80-130 degrees C for 6-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of thickness of non-adhesion layer and adhesive layer is 0.04-0.6. The heat-conductive adhesive sheet has thermal resistance of less than 6 K.cm2/W, total thickness of 50-500 mu m, initial stage elasticity modulus of 0.5-2000 MPa. The non-adhesive surface has arithmetic mean surface roughness of 0.001-1 mu m. The non-adhesive surface is black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic electric power generation layer further contains a diiodo octane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The p-type-semiconductor material has benzodithiophene, dithienosilol or N-alkyl carbazole as donor unit, and consists of donor acceptor-type ( pi )-conjugated polymer having benzothiadiazole, thienothiophene or thiophene pyrrole dione as acceptor unit. The donor acceptor-type ( pi )-conjugated polymer is poly(thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-co-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')thiophene) or poly(dithieno(1,2-b:4,5-b')(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)), preferably poly(thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-co-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')thiophene). The p-type-semiconductor material is poly-3-hexyl thiophene or poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy) benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene diyl)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The energy cells are made of lithium ion or lithium cobalt oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The organic electrolyte solution comprises 0.001-5 wt.% the thiophene-based compound; and 0.1-10 wt.% the nitrile-based compound. The concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.01-2 M. The organic solution comprises a low viscosity solvent. The organic solution is selected from dialkyl carbonate, cyclic carbonate, linear or cyclic ester, linear or cyclic amide, aliphatic nitrile, linear or cyclic ether, and derivatives of it (preferably dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, acetonitrile, succinonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran). Preferred Compound: The thiophene-based compound (I) is of compound of formula (i). The nitrile-based compound (II) is of compound of formula NC-(C(R16)(R17))n-CN (ii).R5-R8=1-10C alkyl (optionally substituted with halo or cyano), H, halo or -CN;R16 and R17=1-10C alkyl, 2-10C alkenyl (both optionally substituted with halo or cyano), H, halo or -CN;n=1-16.At least one of R5-R8 or R16-R17 is -CN. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 Compounds are specified as the compound (I), e.g. thiophene-3-carbonitrile (Ia), thiophene-2-carbonitrile, and thiophene-3,4-dicarbonitrile. 4 Compounds are specified as the compound (II), e.g. 3-cyano-pentanedinitrile and 4-cyano-heptanedinitrile.    EXAMPLE - An organic electrolyte solution was prepared by adding 0.9 M lithium hexafluorophosphate and 0.2 wt.% lithium tetrafluoroborate as a lithium salt, 6 wt.% ethylene carbonate, 2 wt.% 1,3-propane sultone, 0.5 wt.% vinylethylene carbonate, 0.2 wt.% thiophene-3-carbonitrile and 3 wt.% succinonitrile, into a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene material has a HLB value of 3-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The homogenizing step is accomplished in a high pressure homogenizer. The spray drying step is accomplished in a spray dryer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent conductive film comprises tin-doped indium oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide, and is oxide film having wide bandgap. The titania slurry comprises phosphorus-doped titania powder (P25TiO2) acidified using acetic acid, ethanol solution containing 10 %mass ethyl cellulose and terpineol in mass ratio of 0.06:3:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of ethylene-vinyl acetate film is 5-50 micron. The diameter of wire is 10-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The intrinsic thin layer-containing heterojunctioned solar cell electrode has a polyethylene terephthalate film having thickness of 50-200 micron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic small molecule is formed by D-A type, dioctyl-3, 3-5, 5-4, 8-5-2-ethyl hexyl-2-base benzene 1, 2-13, 4, 5-13 and-2, 6-di 3, 3-dioctyl2, 2: 5, 2-three thiofuran-5, 5-di, 2-base ethyl ester, 2, 2-55-4, 8-5-2-ethyl hexyl-2-base benzene 1, 2-13, 4, 5-13 and thiophene-2, 6 di 3, 3-dioctyl-2, 2:5, 2 -three thiofuran-5, 5-DI, methylene, 3-oxo eleven alkyl cyanide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zinc source is chosen from zinc oxalate, zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc carbonate, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, zinc oxide and zinc sulfate. The tin source is chosen from tin dioxide, stannous oxide, sodium stannate tetrahydrate, Sodium stannate trihydrate, stannous chloride, tin tetrachloride, stannous nitrate and stannous sulfate. The alkali solution is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, hydrazine hydrate and aqueous ammonia. Preferred Process: 1-4 ml Zinc source, 0.25-1 g (preferably 0.75 g) polyacrylic acid and 20-30 mL deionized water are stirred to obtain mixed solution. 1.5-2 ml Tin source is added to 5-15 mL distilled water to obtain tin source aqueous solution. The tin source aqueous solution is added to mixed solution, stirred, 2-1 mL alkali solution is added, stirred, placed in oven, naturally cooled, centrifuged, heated, obtained hollow spheres are placed in porcelain boat, the boat is then placed in crucible furnace and calcined, to obtain nano hollow spheres.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-titanium dioxide is selected from anatase type nano-sized titanium dioxide and rutile type nano-sized titanium dioxide. The lithium hydroxide is anhydrous lithium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide hydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The usage amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, palladium chloride solution, cobalt chloride solution, copper chloride solution and disodium edetate during formation of catalyst layer is 100-200 mg:50-100 mL:12-24 mL:14-28 mL:290-600 mg. The concentration of palladium chloride solution, cobalt chloride solution and copper chloride solution is 10 mmol/L. The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution used in manufacture of fuel cell is 50 mmol/L. The concentration of sodium borohydride solution is 30%. The usage amount of sodium borohydride solution is 50-100 mL. The ratio of carbon powder and palladium-cobalt-copper nanocomposite material is 30-80:10-30. The content of platinum in platinum/carbon is 20%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and/or sec-butanol. The concentration of sulfuric acid is 0.5 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion and palladium-cobalt-copper nanocomposite material is 10-40 mu L:10-30 mg. The ratio of acetylene black powder, polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion and isopropanol in manufacture of fuel cell is 60-160 mg:30-80 mu L:2 mL. The ratio of platinum/carbon, anhydrous ethanol and binder is 50-100 mg:10-20 mL:100-200 mu L. The concentration of binder is 5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Aprotonic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or acetone.Ra=CmF(2m+1); andm=0-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is produced by adding ether base ionic liquid monomer, azobisisobutyronitrile and aprotonic solvent into reaction container, reacting under oxygen with argon atmosphere at 50-100?o C for 8-20 hours, cooling to room temperature, stirring, adding dropwise diethyl ether, precipitating into white solid, and vacuum drying at 80?o C for 8 hours. Preferred Components: Electric conductive polymer lithium salt is phosphate, tetrafluoroborate, (CF2SO2)2N, (CF3CF2SO2)2N or (FSO2)(RaSO2)N. The mol ratio of ether-containing polymer ionic liquid (I) as cation and electric conductive polymer lithium salt as anion is 1:0.25-1:1.80.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is gamma -aminopropyltriethoxy silane, gamma -methacryloxy-propyl-trimethoxy-silane, gamma -(2,3-epoxy propoxy) propyl) methyldimethoxysilane, vinyl-dimethoxy-silane, and n-( beta -aminoethyl)- gamma -aminopropyl-trimethoxy silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light stabilizer includes e.g. 2,4-chloro-6-(4-morpholinyl)1,3,5-triazine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol sebacic acid ester, N, N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,1,6-hexamethylene diamine and 2,4-chloro-6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine polymer, N,N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)1,6-hexane diamine, and 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazine polymer, and N,N'-bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)1,6-hexane diamine. The ultraviolet absorbent is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxy benzophenone. The antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The EVA film further comprises 0.01-1 parts by mass UV absorber and/or 0.1-1 parts by mass antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The power supply main body is made of plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead-free glass powder is selected from 0-60 pts. wt. bismuth oxide, 2-6 pts. wt. boron trioxide, 0.5-8 pts. wt. aluminum oxide, 10-15 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 2-5 pts. wt. phosphorus pentoxide, 1-3.5 pts. wt. lithium oxide, 1-3.5 pts. wt. magnesium carbonate and 0-5 pts. wt. sodium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water soluble resin is selected from polyurethane resin, phenolic resin solution and acrylic acid modified epoxy resin solution. The environment-friendly solvent is selected from N-methyl pyrrolidone, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, isopropyl alcohol and dipropylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base film material is polycarbonate (PC). The flame retardant A is perfluorocarbon of potassium diphenyl sulfone sulfonate or organic phosphate polymer. The weatherable base film layer is made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or mixture of PVDF and Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The weatherable layer is polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) or THV. The packaging material is polyethylene (PE). The flame retardant B comprises ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine pyrophosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The compound semiconductor is made of magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphide, magnesium selenide, magnesium telluride, calcium oxide, calcium sulphide, calcium selenide, calcium telluride, strontium oxide, strontium sulphide, strontium selenide, strontium telluride, barium oxide, barium sulphide, barium selenide, barium telluride, zinc oxide, copper oxide, zinc sulphide, zinc selenide, zinc telluride, cadmium oxide, cadmium sulphide , cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, mercury oxide, mercury sulphide, mercury selenide, mercury telluride, aluminium sulphide, aluminium selenide, aluminium telluride, digallium trioxide, galium sulfide, indium oxide, tin oxide or lead oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sticking element includes polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polysilazane, polysilsesquioxane (PSSQ), polysilicon based polymer, polyurethane polymer, epoxy based polymer, synthetic resin, natural rubber, modified elastomer, polyacryl based polymer such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), styrene based copolymer, styrene based thermosetting copolymer e.g. p-olystyrene (P1), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) triblock copolymer, styrene-etylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) block copolymer, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer, cellulose composite e.g. methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and buthylcellulose, and polyvinylbutyral (PVB) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Cellulose is present in the form of paper sludge. Gum base used is melted-sanitized chewing gum base. Water used is the filtrate obtained after filtering the domestic waste water. Preferred Process: The sanitized chewing gum base is melted by keeping it directly under the sunlight for 12-15 minutes. Drying of the molded composite material is carried out directly under the sunlight. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass (B) is scale-like glass, and has average particle diameter of 100-2000 mu m and aspect ratio of 15 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane compound (C) is hydrolyzed silane compound. The silane compound (C) is chosen from phenyltriethoxysilane or its hydrolyzate and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or its hydrolyzate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The absolute value of difference of refractive index of component (A) and component (B) is 0.08 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hard-coat layer is formed of a transparent resin chosen from a group consisting of silicone resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin and fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ethylene (meth)acrylate copolymer is copolymer of ethylene, methyl acrylate, or ethylene and butylacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal electrode is made of metal such as aluminum, nickel, gold, silver, copper, molybdenum, chromium, titanium and palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate is formed of solid material that is selected from a group consisting of mineral glass, organic glass or a polymer of PMA, PET or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises organic peroxide. The organic peroxide is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer is preferably 100000-200000. The weight average molecular weight of low-density polyethylene is preferably 50000-250000. The ratio of weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of low-density polyethylene is 1 or more, preferably 3.3 or more. The ratio of weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer is 1 or more, preferably 2.25 or less. The mean diameter of crystal in composition (when not crosslinked) is 1 mu m or less. The temperature at which the storage elastic modulus of composition is set to 100 kPa, is 70-100 degrees C, and difference of the temperature at which the storage elastic modulus of composition is 30 kPa and storage elastic modulus is 100 kPa is 3.5 degrees C or more. Preferred Process: The sealing film is formed by calender molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Anode is formed of graphene oxide from inks and has pH of 1-4. Cathode is formed of graphene oxide from inks and has pH of 13-14. Cathode has a base coated on mesh electrode. Base is potassium hydroxide (KOH), and mesh electrode is stainless steel. Electrolyte containing synthetic ionomer is positioned between and in contact with each of anode and cathode. Electrolyte contains liquid electrolyte and/or water vapor. Charge collectors contain gold (Au), chromium (Cr), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and/or indium tin oxide. Charge collector deposited on anode contains Au, cathode contains graphene oxide, charge collector deposited on cathode contains Au, and electrolyte has relative humidity of 15%. The 2nd material contains graphene derivative, reduced graphene oxide, boron nitride (BN), MS2, tungsten sulfide (WS2), niobium selenide (NbSe2), and/or Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox, where M and x are not defined. The battery has humid air at the junction. The battery has a part for allowing the protons to be migratable from the 2nd material across the junction to the 1st graphene oxide-based material. Preferred Parameters: Interface of 1st graphene oxide-based material and 2nd material is graded. The 1st graphene oxide-based material has 1st relative humidity value, and the 2nd material has 2nd relative humidity value.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Synthetic ionomer contains sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed solution does not contain reducing agent. The platinum group element is platinum or palladium. The concentration of bivalent ion of platinum group element in the aqueous phase is 0.01-2 mol/L. Preferred Condition: The content of ion of bivalent platinum group element is reduced by maintaining microemulsion at 3-100 degrees C for 5 minutes to 150 hours. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of platinum group nanoparticles is 9 nm or less. The peak particle size of reversed micelle in the microemulsion is 10 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate or polyoxyethylene(4) lauryl ether. The molar ratio of aqueous phase and surfactant in the mixed solution is 20:1-0.8:1. The volume ratio of aqueous phase and oil phase in the mixed solution is 0.1:9.9-7.5:2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cations of hydrated ion-exchange membrane are chosen from lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, preferably potassium, rubidium, or cesium. The anions of hydrated ion-exchange membrane contain chlorine. The number of carbon atoms contained in the side chains is 5 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon backbone chain is a perfluorinated chain. The hydrophilic chemical groups are sulfonic acid groups or carboxylic acid groups. The polymer contains perfluorosulfonic acid. The positive chemical group contained in the polymer is an amine group. The average number of water molecules per hydrophilic chemical group is preferably 22 or less. - Preferred Properties: The hydrated ion-exchange membrane has a specific conductivity of 0.01-0.2 S/cm, average thickness of 25-178 mu m, and crystallinity of 6% or more. The polymer has an equivalent weight of 800 g/eq or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition exhibits melt flow behavior at a nanoparticulate filler content of up to 50 wt.%. The curable composition further comprises a solvent and/or a phosphor. The solid film composition has an optical transmittance of at least 95%. The cured product comprises less than 50 vol.% of nanoparticulate filler. Preferred Components: The solvent is a polar solvent, which comprises tetrahydrofuran. The nanoparticulate filler is present in an amount of 1-60 wt.%. The disiloxy units have a structure of formula ((CH3)(C6H5)SiO2/2) or ((CH3)2SiO2/2). Preferred Definitions:    R1 = methyl or phenyl; and    R2 = phenyl or naphthyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt used for producing nanoparticles and nanowires is metal chloride and/or metal acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal salt is lithium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymethine is prepared by polymerizing ethylene oxide group-containing monomer of formula: H-C(=N2)-C(=O)-O-(CH2-CH2-O-Me)m. Preferred Process: The ethylene oxide group-containing monomer is polymerized using transition metal complex as initiator. Preferred Composition: The polymethine is preferably of formula (II). EXAMPLE - 7.5 mg ( pi )-Allylpalladium(II) chloride and 3.4 mL tetrahydrofuran were added into a Schlenk tube under nitrogen atmosphere, and cooled at (-78) degrees C. 16.8 mg Sodium tetraphenylborate was added to the resultant material, stirred at (-78) degrees C, 3.5 mL tetrahydrofuran solution of 1.18 g 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, heated at 0-78 degrees C for 15 hours and polymerized. The resultant material was extracted using chloroform, the resultant organic layer was washed by water, dried with sodium sulfate and purified, to obtain 1 g polymethine with yield of 76%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-40 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with respect to polystyrene-type resin is 65:35-45:55. Preferred Properties: The viscosity of composition is 0.1-20 times with respect to viscosity of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polystyrene-type resin. The viscosity of composition at 70-100 degrees C is 30000 Pa.second. The viscosity of composition at 5 degrees C or more is 20000-50000 Pa.second. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a melt flow rate of 1-50 g/10 minute, when measured based on JIS K7210. Preferred Process: The sea island structure is formed by kneading ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polystyrene-type resin at a shear rate of 10-1500 second-1. The kneading process is carried out at temperature of 100-200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, or lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide. The organic solvent is chosen from ethylene glycol carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and oxalonitrile. The liquid electrolyte further contains ionic liquid. Preferred Property: The inorganic-organic hybrid polymer gel electrolyte has ion conductivity of 1 mS/cm or more at room temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinkable ladder-type polysilsesquioxane is of formula (I), and has number average molecular weight of 100-100000. The content of the crosslinkable ladder-type polysilsesquioxane is 0.1-99.9 wt.% with respect to the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer gel electrolyte content.R1,R2,R3=crosslinkable organic functional group, preferably alkyl, allyl, vinyl, epoxy, amine, halo, haloalkyl, methacryl, or acryl;andn=1-10000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The flexible solar cell is organic solar cell or inorganic solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic binder is colloidal silica, colloidal alumina and/or colloidal zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating layer (B) includes 5-70 wt.% inorganic binder, 5-60 wt.% organoalkoxysilane, 10-40 wt.% water-soluble organic solvent, 5-60 wt.% filler, 5-60 wt.% pigment and 0-10 wt.% catalyst, and compound chosen from fluorinated olefin resin, fluorinated alkoxy silane, polydimethylsiloxane, methyl hydrogen silicone oil, silicone resin, silicon powder, zinc powder and boron nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. Alternately, the catalyst contains tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tri-o-tolylphosphine and/or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A tin-containing compound of formula (A) and thiophene compound of formula (B) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 under anaerobic condition at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours. The reaction product is cooled, separated and purified to produce diketopyrrolopyrrole-containing polymer (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. Alternately, the catalyst contains tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tri-o-tolylphosphine and/or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A tin-containing compound of formula (A) and thiophene compound of formula (B) are reacted by Stille coupling reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of catalyst under anaerobic conditions in molar ratio of 1:1, at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours. The reaction solution is separated and purified to produce benzothiadiazolyl polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises dissolving 1,6-dithia-dicyclopenta(b,g)naphthalene compound of formula (A) and 4,6-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene compound of formula (B) in a mole ratio of 1:1-1.2 with organic solvent, performing Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling, stopping polymerization reaction, separating the reaction liquid and then purifying. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at temperature of 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The purification process comprises adding the reaction liquid in methanol precipitate, performing Soxhlet extraction, then washing with methanol and normal hexane, adding chloroform as solvent and extracting, collecting the chloroform solution, and spin drying under vacuum at lower temperature of 50 degrees C for 24 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The mole ratio of the catalyst to (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is acetic acid, tri-o-tolylphosphine, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl mixture. The molar ratio of the acetic acid and tri-o-tolylphosphine is 1:4-8. The molar ratio of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl mixture is 1:4-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises adding 6,12-dihydro-6,12-diaza-indeno(1,2-b)fluorene compound of formula (II) and 1,3-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione compound of formula (III) in a mole ratio of 1:1-1.2 with a catalyst and then dissolving with an organic solvent and alkali solution, carrying out Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130?o C for 12-96 hours, cooling the mixture to obtain reaction liquid, and separating and purifying the reaction liquid. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran. The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution. The mole ratio of the alkali solution and (II) is 20:1. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakis triphenylphosphine, acetic acid or tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. The mole ratio of the catalyst and (II) is 1:20-1:100. The mole ratio of: acetic acid and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine is 1:4-8; and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and palladium tetrakis triphenylphosphine is 1:4-8. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at a temperature of 90-120?o C for 12-48 hours. The separating and purifying steps comprise adding methanol into obtained reaction liquid, then precipitating, filtering the mixture, Soxhlet extracting the filtered mixture, then washing with methanol, normal hexane and chloroform as solvent, collecting the chloroform solution and then spin drying and vacuum drying at 50?o C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises providing trimethyl-(2-trimethylstannylbenzothiopheno(6,5-f)benzothiophen-7-yl)stannane compound of formula (II) and 4,7-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (III), adding (II) and (III) in the presence of a catalyst in a mole ratio of 1:1-1.2, dissolving the mixture in an organic solvent, carrying out Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, cooling the mixture to obtain a reaction liquid, and separating and purifying the reaction liquid. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine). The mole ratio of the catalyst and (II) is 1:20-1:100. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at temperature of 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The separating and purifying steps comprise adding methanol into obtained reaction liquid, then precipitating, filtering the mixture, Soxhlet extracting the filtered mixture, then washing with methanol, normal hexane and chloroform as solvent, collecting the chloroform solution and then spin drying and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C for 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises dissolving 1,4-divinyl-benzene compound of formula (A) and 4,6-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene compound of formula (B) at a mole ratio of 1:1-1.2 in a catalyst containing an organic solvent, performing Heck coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours in oxygen free environment, cooling, stopping the reaction, separating the reaction liquid and then purifying to obtain (I). Preferred Method: The Heck coupling reaction is carried out at temperature of 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The purification process of the reaction liquid comprises adding the reaction liquid in methanol, precipitating, performing Soxhlet extraction, then washing with methanol and normal hexane, adding chloroform as solvent and extracting, collecting the chloroform solution, and spin drying under vacuum at lower temperature of 50 degrees C for 24 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The mole ratio of the catalyst to (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is a mixture of acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine at a molar ratio of 1:4-8 or a mixture of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl at a molar ratio of 1:4-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises dissolving 2,5-divinylbenzene-1,4-diol compound of formula (A) and 4,7-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,6-diol compound of formula (B) at a mole ratio of 1:1-1.2 and a catalyst in an organic solvent, performing Heck coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours in oxygen free environment, cooling, stopping the reaction, separating the reaction liquid and then purifying to obtain (I). Preferred Method: The Heck coupling reaction is carried out at temperature of 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The purification process of the reaction liquid comprises adding the reaction liquid in methanol, precipitating, performing Soxhlet extraction, then washing with methanol and normal hexane, adding chloroform as solvent and extracting, collecting the chloroform solution, and spin drying under vacuum at lower temperature of 50 degrees C for 24 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The mole ratio of the catalyst to (A) is 1:20-1:100. The catalyst is mixture of acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine at a molar ratio of 1:4-8 or a mixture of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl at a molar ratio of 1:4-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting a (4,8-bis(2-thienyl)thieno(2,3-f)benzothiophen-2-yl)-trimethyl-stannane compound of formula (AA) with a (3E)-6-bromo-3-(6-bromo-2-oxo-indolin-3-ylidene)indolin-2-one compound of formula (BB) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 under oxygen atmosphere, adding a catalyst and an organic solvent to the mixture at 70-130?o C, performing Stille coupling reaction for 6-60 hours, heating the mixture, cooling, stopping the reaction to obtain a reaction liquid, separating the mixture and purifying. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120?o C for 12-48 hours. The method comprises adding methanol into a reaction liquid containing normal hexane, performing Stille coupling reaction and Soxhlet extraction process, filtering using a filter, analyzing the mixture, adding methanol and normal hexane to the mixture, extracting the mixture using chloroform as solvent, collecting chloroform solution, and spin drying the mixture under vacuum at 50?o C for 24 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is at least one of toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), palladium(II) acetate, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The catalyst and (AA) are present at a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100. The palladium(II) acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine are present at a molar ratio of 1:4-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The active material is graphite, activated carbon, silicon or lithium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive agent is acetylene black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of terpene resin emulsion and carboxymethyl cellulose is 100:1-1:100. The concentration of terpene resin in terpene resin emulsion is 55 %mass. The weight ratio of active material, electroconductive agent and total content of terpene resin and carboxymethyl cellulose is 70-95:1-20:4-10. The solid content of slurry is 30-45%. Preferred Property: The terpene resin emulsion has viscosity of 4000-5000 mPa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The long-chain alkyl release agent is chosen from long-chain alkylester of acrylic acid copolymer, long-chain alkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and long-chain alkyl vinyl ester copolymer. The content of polyisobutylene in the adhesive layer is 90 %mass or more. Preferred Properties: The substrate has a thickness of 20-40 mu m. The adhesive layer has a thickness of 5-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dihydric alcohol is chosen from ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, cyclohexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. The dicarboxylic acid is chosen from acetic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid and phthalic acid. The molar ratio of dihydric alcohol and dicarboxylic acid is 1-1.9:1. The additive includes catalyst, chain extender and light stabilizer. The catalyst is chosen from stannous octoate, dibutyltin dilaurate and triethylenediamine. The content of catalyst in component (A) is 0.01-0.1 %mass. The chain extender is chosen from neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, isophorone diamine and ethylenediamine. The light stabilizer is chosen from phenyl salicylate, tert-butylphenyl salicylate, 4-(((methylphenylamino)methylene)amino)-benzoic acid, 2-cyano-3,3'-diphenyl acrylate, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxy-benzophenone, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butyl)benzotriazole, (2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chloro-benzotriazole, and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-tert-butyl-6-sec-butylphenol. Isocyanate curing agent is chosen from toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate and trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate. The component (A) further comprises solvent. The solvent is chosen from ethyl acetate, butanone and isopropanol. The addition amount of solvent is 30-80%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester polyol is obtained by reacting dihydric alcohol, and dicarboxylic acid or aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Zinc oxide nanocrystals are added to ethanol solution of ethyl cellulose, and stirred to obtain slurry. The slurry is screen-printed on conductive glass and calcined at 525 degrees C to form electrode material. Terephthalic acid and zinc nitrate are added to N,N'-dimethylformamide, stirred, and triethylamine is added. The resulting product is washed and dried to obtain metal organic framework material (MOF-5). The resulting material is added to ethanol solution containing ethyl cellulose and terpineol, printed on surface of electrode material, and calcined to obtain a scattering layer. The metal-organic framework material (ZIF-8) is grown to form interface layer. Platinum counter electrode and liquid electrolyte solution are further prepared and assembled to form dye-sensitized nanocrystalline thin-film solar cell. The zinc oxide particles have size of 80-200 nm. The scattering layer has thickness of 0.5-8 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethanol solution contains 1-25 wt.% ethyl cellulose and 1-12 wt.% terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high-reflectance layer contains 1-80 wt.% high-reflectance additive containing hollow glass beads, zinc oxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, indium-silver oxide, indium-aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, zinc sulfide, lithopone and/or fluorescent brightener. The high-reflectance layer has a thickness of 15-300 mu m. The high-reflectance additive has a size of 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material contains polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly(diallyl phthalate) and/or polycarbonate, and has a thickness of 5-500 mu m. The barrier layer contains polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, polyvinyl fluoride resin, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer resin, perfluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin and/or thermoplastic fluororesin, and has a thickness of 5-300 mu m. The primary adhesive layer and secondary adhesive layer contain polyurethane adhesive and/or epoxy resin adhesive. The thickness of primary adhesive layer and secondary adhesive layer is 1-50 mu m, each. The protective layer contains polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, epoxy resin, acrylic resin and/or silicone resin, and has a thickness of 10-500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer is selected from ethylene, propylene, vinylidene fluoride or tetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite coating comprises 40-60 %mass inorganic nanoparticles, 15-26 %mass binder, 1-8 %mass graphene oxide and 15-35 %mass lithium-germanium-phosphorus sulfide-containing compound of formula: Li10GeP2S12. The inorganic nano-particles are chosen from aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate is polyethylene porous film, polypropylene porous film, polyethylene polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymer, polyimide, cellulose or terephthalate non-woven fabric. Preferred Composition: The binder is chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The salt (A) is cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, cobalt oxalate, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc oxalate, nickel nitrate, nickel oxalate, copper nitrate, copper acetate, ferrous acetate, ferrous oxalate, tin acetate, or tin oxalate. The salt (B) is manganese nitrate, manganese acetate, manganese oxalate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, cobalt oxalate, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, zinc oxalate, nickel nitrate, nickel oxalate, ferrous acetate, or ferrous oxalate. The homogeneous medium is deionized water, ethanol and/or acetone. The bifunctional chelating agent is citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, acetylacetone, or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Foam metal includes nickel-based foam, nickel-silver-based foam or silver-based foam, and has porosity of 35-97%, thickness of 100-5000 mu m and pore size of 5-1000 mu m. Electroconductive agent is acetylene black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, Ketchen black (RTM: carbon black) and/or graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Solvent is toluene, acetone, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylformamide, dichloromethane, trichloromethane and/or water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Slurry further comprises 100-10000 parts mass solvent, 20-200 parts mass electroconductive agent, 20-200 parts mass binder and 1-10 parts mass mercuric oxide. The content of active material contained in the slurry is 50-500 parts mass. Adhesive is polyethylene alcohol, polymethylmethacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, cellulose acetate or butadiene-styrene rubber latex, and organic polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The color-changing indicator indicates anhydrous copper sulfate and anhydrous ferrous chloride color.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electric conduction substrate is carbon felt, graphite paper or carbon cloth. Adhesive is also used in the microbial fuel cell. Adhesive is polyfluortetraethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrolyte used in preparation process is selected from lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethane or dimethyl lithium salt. The organic solution is selected from acetamide, organic solution or lithium salt of dimethyl sulfoxide organic solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Layers: The solar cell is obtained by laminating transparent perovskite metal oxide layer, hole transport layer, perovskite film, electron transport layer and metal electrode layer, in order.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Lead halide (PbX2, where X is chlorine, bromine or iodine) precursor solution, alkyl halide amine and organic metal halide are used in preparation of perovskite film. The alkyl halide amine is methylammonium iodide. The organic metal halide is methylammonium lead iodide. The solvent of the lead halide precursor solution comprises dimethylformamide and/or ( gamma )-butyrolactone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole transport layer comprises p-type conjugated polymer and/or a p-type conductive polymer. The electron transport layer comprises n-type metal oxide, fullerene and its derivative, n-type conjugated polymer and/or n-type conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent sheet is made of polyethylene and polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin substrate is polyimide film, polyethylene terephthalate film and polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Antiblocking agent (C) is stearate or waxes. Amount of antiblocking agent (C) is 1-30 mass parts and of isocyanate compound (B) is 10-120 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts acryl-type copolymers (A). Preferred Parameters: Melting point of antiblocking agent (C) is less than or equal to 90 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Base film is formed of aluminum or polyester-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is metal chloride and metal acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is calcium carbonate surface-treated with stearic acid or rosin acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable polyorganosiloxane composition further comprises 0.1-100 parts mass polyorganosiloxane having molecular chain blocked with terminal vinyl group and/or methyl group, and viscosity of 0.1-100 Pa.second at 23 degrees C. The ratio of total content of alkoxy group of component (II), component (IV) and component (VI) and hydroxyl group of component (E) and component (A') is 2-50. Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of resin (E) is 500-20000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyolefin resin is comprised with polyethylene-type resin or polypropylene resin. The sheet is comprised with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer which is comprised with 2-30 mass % of vinyl acetate monomeric units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalyst is obtained by electrochemical method. The content of halogen in the catalyst is reduced by performing post-processing. Activation of core-shell catalyst further involves stirring the dispersion solvent at 70 degrees C or more, removing impurities within 1 hour after the completion of separation process, and removing supernatant liquid containing impurities. Preferred Components: The dispersion solvent is water. The catalyst contains platinum, cobalt, iron, nickel, ruthenium, iridium, and/or gold in the shell portion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gas having reducing property is alcohol and/or hydrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic layer includes electron donor and electron acceptor. The electron donor is copolymer (I). The electron acceptor is fullerene, carbon nanotube, or semiconductor compound. The weight ratio of electron acceptor and copolymer is 1:0.5-1:5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anthracene group-containing primary unit (I) is of formula (I-a). The benzothiadiazole group-containing secondary unit (II) is of formula (II-a). The anthracene group-containing primary unit (I) and benzothiadiazole group-containing secondary unit (II) further comprises 24 units chosen from e.g. primary unit of formulae (IV-a)-(IV-e). The number average molecular weight of copolymer is 500-1000000 g/mol. The molecular weight distribution of copolymer is 1-100.R1-R7,Ra,Rb=R;X1=CRaRb, SiRaRb, GeRaRb, NRa, PRa, O, S or Se;a1=0-4;b1=0-6;c1=0-8;andd1,e1=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The roof includes a base sheet having a bituminous coating, the continuous phase comprising the bituminous coating. The discontinuous phase includes fibers comprising phase change material. The roofing material further comprises a reflective coating, with solar-heat reflective material being dispersed in the reflective coating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic polymer is selected from poly(vinyl ethyl ether), poly(vinyl n-butyl ether) and polychloroprene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of polycrystalline chalcogenide semiconductor thin film is 0.5-3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Volume average primary particle diameter of graphite powder is greater than or equal to 10 mu m by using greater than or equal to 2 types of mutually different graphite powder or using together graphite powder with volume average primary particle diameters of less than or equal to 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus in phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles is 6-8 %mass. The tin-containing particles comprise tin particle and tin-alloy particles. When the total content of phosphorus-containing copper alloy particles and tin-containing particles is 100 %mass, the content of particles containing metal element (M) is 4-70 %mass. The electrode has glass phase containing tin, phosphorus and oxygen, and alloy phase containing copper and tin. The content of tin in tin-containing particles is 1 %mass or more. The content of metal element (M) in particles is 5 %mass or more. The content of the glass particles is 0.1-10 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total content of the solvent and the resin is 3-29.9 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic pigment is titanium dioxide. The ratio of the inorganic pigment with respect to resin in the polyethylene phase is higher than the inside of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer phase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mixture is obtained using a portion of polyethylene. The remaining polyethylene is mixed with the mixture and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The resin composition has sea-island structure containing polyethylene in the island phase and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in the sea phase. The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene is 8:2-3:7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium salts are selected from a group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium borofluoride, lithium hexafluoroarsenide, lithium trifluoro-metasulfonate, bis-trifluoromethyl sulfonylimide lithium, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium oxalyldifluoroborate, lithium oxalyldifluoroborate, lithium nitrate, li-fluoroalkyl-phosphates, lithium bisperfluoroethysulfonylimide and an ionic liquid salt. The cathode comprises sulfur, sulfur-containing molecule and sulfur-containing compound. The anode active material is selected from a group consisting of a lithiated compound, lithiated titanium dioxide, lithium titanate, lithium manganate and a lithium transition metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode active material is selected from a group consisting of silicon, germanium, tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, zinc, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, manganese, titanium and    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvents are selected from a group consisting of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, propyl formate, methyl formate, toluene, xylene or methyl acetate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, allyl ethyl carbonate, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetraethylene glycol dimethylether, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, 2-ethoxyethyl ether, sulfone and sulfolane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte. The silane has a structure of formula (CH3-Si(CH3)2-(CH2)3-O-(CH2-CH2O)n-CH3) (I), (CH3-Si(CH3)2-CH2-O-(CH2-CH2O)n-CH3) (II), (CH3-(O-CH2-CH2)m-O-Si(O-(CH2-CH2-O)q-CH3)(O-(CH2-CH2-O)p-CH3)-O-(CH2-CH2O)n-CH3) (III), (CH3-Si(CH3)2-O-(CH2-CH2O)n-Si(CH3)2-CH3) (IV), (SiR4-x-yR1axR2ay) (V), or (SiR13-p-qR1bp1R2bq1) (VI). Two of the one or more substituents, is a side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. The side chains include a spacer linking a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety to the silicon. The silane has a silicon linked to one or more substituents that each includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety or a cyclic carbonate moiety. One of the substituents is a crosslink that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and crosslinks the silane to another silane. The poly(alkylene oxide) moiety includes an oxygen linked to the silicon.R = alkenyl, alkynyl, alk(poly)enyl, alk(poly)ynyl, aryl, or substituent including aryl, alkoxy or monovalent ether;R1a = monovalent group of formula (-R9-O(CH2-CH(R10)-O)n-R11) or (-R14-O-(CH2-CH(R16)-O)n-R15-Second silane);R2a = monovalent group of formula (IB);m, n, p, q = 1-15;x, y = 0-4, where sum of x+y is 1;R9 = nil or organic spacer;R10 = H, alkyl, or aryl;R11 = alkyl or aryl;R12 = organic spacer;R14, R15 = nil or spacer;R16 = H, alkyl, or aryl;second silane = another silane;r = 1-2;R1 = alkyl or aryl;R1b = substituents that includes poly(alkylene oxide) moiety;R2b = substituents that includes cyclic carbonate moiety; andp1, q1 = 0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic sulfonic acid metal salt is perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid alkali-metal salt or aromatic-sulfonic-acid alkali-metal salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The core/shell-type graft copolymer is a graft copolymer formed by graft-polymerizing alkyl (meth)acrylate and butadiene-type rubber. The apparent density of fluorinated polyolefin is 0.4-2.0 g/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester polymer (B) is dehydration product of 2-10C saturated bifunctional carboxylic compound and 2-10C alcohol compound having functionality of 2-4. The polyester polymer (B) contains 30-60 mol% structural unit derived from 2-10C saturated bifunctional carboxylic compound with respect to total constitutional units. The mass ratio of fluoropolymer (A) and polyester polymer (B) is 60/40-15/85. The content of the curing agent (C) is 10-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass fluoropolymer (A) and polyester polymer (B). The coating composition contains pigment (E). Preferred Property: The polyester polymer (B) has number average molecular weight of 500-5000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyhydric alcohol is polyhydric alcohol containing 2-10 hydroxyl groups per molecule, and is of formula: HO-C(-R3)(-R2)-(C(-R5)(-R4))n-C(-R7)(-R6)-OH. The resin is chosen from polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, (meth)acrylic-acid resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyolefin resin, polycarbonate resin, and norbornene resin, preferably polyvinyl butyral resin or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The resin composition comprises 0.05-50 parts mass near-infrared absorber and 0.03-20 parts mass polyhydric alcohol, with respect to 100 parts mass resin.n=0-2;andR2-R7=H, hydroxy, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkyl having functional group, phenyl, phenyl having functional group, alkylphenyl, or alkylphenyl having functional group. Preferred Definitions:    n=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The frame is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent panel is formed from glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first conductive particles are formed of silver particles, and the second conductive particles are formed of nickel particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermosetting resin is formed of monomer-based epoxy resin or an acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin (I) is obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol resin (a) or polyvinyl acetal resin (b) with cyanate-containing compound of formula: R1-NCO (III) or R3-O-(C(=O)-N(-H))a-R4-NCO (IV), preferably polyvinyl acetal resin (b) and compound (III).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The block isocyanate contains isocyanate monomers and blocking agent. The isocyanate monomers are hexamethylene diisocyanate and/or isophorone diisocyanate. The blocking agent is chosen from active methylene-type compound, ketoxime, lactam, and amines.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The resin (A) has hydroxyl value of 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g and number average molecular weight of 5000-50000. The glass transition temperature of resin (A) is 30-110 degrees C, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry method. Preferred Components: The resin (A) is acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, or fluorine resin. The curable surface coating composition further contains antioxidant and/or optical stabilizer, and polycarbonate resin and/or carbodiimide compound. The sealing agent is a composition containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Mirror comprises hard-coat layer which contains inorganic oxide or inorganic nitride derived from polymer having metalloxane skeleton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The peelable transparent resin base material is laminated on transparent resin layer. The transfer base material and transparent resin base material are peeled off. Preferred Properties: A peeling force is measured with respect to transfer base material and surface consisting of auxiliary electrode layer and transparent resin layer, according to JIS-Z0237, is 20-300 mN/50 mm. The interface level difference of the auxiliary electrode layer and the transparent resin layer is 15 nm or less. The arithmetic-mean surface roughness of the transfer base material is 30 nm or less. Preferred Composition: The auxiliary electrode layer is pattern of lattice form, honeycomb form, or comb-tooth shape. The auxiliary electrode layer contains gold, silver, copper, aluminum and/or nickel. The transparent conductive layer contains metal oxide and/or organic semiconductor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive material is carbon-type electroconductive material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The conductive resin film has resistance value of 2000 m Omega .cm2 or less, when applying pressure of 1 MPa along thickness direction of conductive resin film. Preferred Process: The molding process is melt-extrusion molding process carried out at 250-360 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transfer sheet is formed by resin chosen from tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoro perfluoro alkylvinyl-ether copolymer (PFA), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is hydrofluoroether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Hydrophobic resin is fluoro (meth)acrylate type resin. Material is chosen from cathode or anode gas diffusion layer, cathode or anode catalyst layer, and separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxide-based solid electrolyte powder has composition of formula: Li3xLa(2/3)-xTiO3, where x is more than 0 to less than 0.66.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The solid electrolyte-lithium ion conductive polymer composite powder has ion conductivity of 1x 10-3-1x 10-6 S/cm and particle size of 0.5-200 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of lithium ion-conductive polymer is 1-20 wt.% with respect to total content of solid electrolyte-lithium ion conductive polymer composite powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate layer is made of glass or polymer. The electrically conductive transparent layer is made of indium tin oxide layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dichroic compounds are selected from anthraquinones, methine compounds, azomethine compounds, merocyanine, naphthoquinones, tetrazines, perylene, terrylene, quaterrylene, higher rylenes, benzothiadiazole, diketopyrrolopyrroles, squaraine and pyrromethene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is coated with a transparent conducting oxide which typically is fluorine doped tin oxide. The compact layer is a metal oxide, preferably a titanium dioxide. The metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from one or more of an oxide of titania, alumina or zirconia. The perovskite is an organometal halide. The percentage of metal oxide nanoparticles in the precursor solution containing the perovskite is 1 to 15 percent more preferable 1.5 to 12 percent and more particularly 2-7 percent. The metal oxide nanoparticles are alumina and the perovskite is methyl ammonium lead halide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermal mass in contact with the heater pad has calcium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heater pad is made of silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sealing element is comprised of epoxy resin, photocuring resin, or thermosetting resin. The passivation film is a silicon nitride film or silicon oxynitride film. The buffer layer is formed by titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. The metal-particle paste layer is a silver particle paste layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polarity chain polymer is selected from poly acrylonitrile, PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride - hexafluoro lochia propylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene, polyethyleneimine, polymethyl methacrylate, polybutylacrylate polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyarylate and poly p-phenylene terephthalamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive material i.e. conductive metal such as copper, aluminum, iron, gold and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The red units are made of materials selected from a group consisting of poly3-hexylthiophene: poly(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM), poly3-hexylthiophene:poly(6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC70BM) and poly(9-(l- octylnonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,l,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl:poly(6,6)-phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCDTBT:PC61BM). The hole transmission layer is made of poly3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The proton and/or cation transfer polymer comprises at least one of salicylaldehyde or one of its derivatives and/or a phenolic compound or its derivative. The proton/cation transfer facilitator polymer comprises 3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, 4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde and 2-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde. The polymer sensitive to the analyte comprises a phenolic compound comprising a phenolic hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom on an aromatic ring and having an oxygen atom connected through one other atom to an adjacent carbon atom of the aromatic ring, such that the oxygen atom forms a hydrogen bond to the phenolic hydroxy group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrode comprises indium tin oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, carbonnanotubes or graphenes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermal barrier is made of meta-aramid polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: A separator is disposed between anode and cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Nitramids and dinitramids are NH2NO2, NH(NO2)2 and/or their salts MNHNO2 and MN(NO2)2. Salts of nitronium and nitrosonium are NO2+X- and/or NO+X-. Nitroso- and iso-nitroso compounds are R-NO and R=NOH. Nitrones are R1R2C.dbd.N+(O-)R3. Nitrolic acid salts and esters are R-C(NO2)=NOH, R-C(NO2)=NOM, and/or R-C(NO2)=NOR'. Hydroxylamine and hydroxylamine derivatives are R1R2NOH. Concentration of N-O additives is 0.1-1.5 M, preferably 0.2-1 M. Concentration of lithium salts in electrolyte is 0.2-2 M. Non-aqueous solvent contains cyclic acetals of formula (I). Non-aqueous solvent contains acyclic acetals of formula (II). The additives are included as part of the separator and introduced into electrolyte after coming into contact with separator.M=alkali metal, ammonium compound, or substituted quaternary ammonium compound;X-=BF4-, PF6-, HSO4-, FSO3-, CF3SO3-, and/or (CF3SO2)N-;R, R'=organic radical or chalogen e.g. Cl and F;R==as organic radical;R1-R4=organic radicals; andn= greater than or equal to 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic thermal harvester is comprised of material selected from the group consisting of mercury cadmium telluride, mercury zinc telluride, indium antimonide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and lead telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photovoltaic thermal harvester can be made from polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hot melt adhesive film is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene vinyl acetate resin film, acrylic film, polycarbonate film and polyurea film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyvinyl acetal resin is the graft copolymer consisting of graft copolymerized of methacryl monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layered silicate is chosen from smectite and mica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio ionic liquid with respect to complex is 0.01-100. The pigment is chosen from xanthene dye and rubrene-type color component. The ionic liquid comprises 5 %mass compound having reduction temperature of 300 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is (meth)acrylic resin. Preferred Component: The molded product is laminated between the solar cell and the top sheet of the solar cell module, or laminated on the upper layer of the top sheet of the solar cell module in the state which has a surface protective layer of the laminate-molding component in the light reception side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfonic acid derivative is of formula: -SO3H, -SO3NR1R2R3R4, -SO2NR5R6 and/or -SO3(M1)1/l. The comonomer containing sulfonic acid derivative is vinyl ether of formula: CF2=CF-O-(CF2CFY1-O)n-(CFY2)m-A (II).R1-R4=H or 1-4C alkyl;R5=H or (M2)1/l;R6=H, 1-4C alkyl or sulfonyl-containing group;M1,M2=L-valent metal, preferably chosen from group I, II, IV, VIII, XI, XII and XII metals;A=-SO3H, -SO3NR1R2R3R4, -SO2NR5R6 or ?SO3(M1)1/l;Y1=F, Cl, or CF3;Y2=F or Cl;andn,m=0-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Manufacture process involves contacting the obtained precursor with ion exchange resin, before conversion process. Preferred Composition: The polymer unit having lithium sulfonyl group in side chain is of formula: -CF2-C(-O-(CF2CFY1-O)n-(CFY2)m-SO3Li)F- (III). The mole ratio of polymer unit having fluorine-containing ethylenic monomer and polymer unit having lithium sulfonyl group in side chain is 50/50-97/3. The mole ratio (A/A+B) of polymer unit (A) containing vinylidene fluoride with respect to polymer unit (B) containing monomer chosen from tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene and polymer unit (A) containing vinylidene fluoride is 0.50-0.95.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer component comprises compound containing epoxy group and ethylenic double bond in same molecule, and aromatic vinyl compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin (B) is polyethylene-type resin. The adhesive film comprises a laminated film in which the layer containing modified polyolefin type-resin composition, and thermoplastic resin layer which does not have adhesiveness, are laminated. The adhesive film comprises a layer which turns into outermost layer comprising modified polyolefin type-resin composition, and thermoplastic resin layer as layer in portion of inner layers. Preferred Properties: The heat-of-fusion ( Delta )H of the modified polyolefin type-resin composition is 5-40 J/g. The thermoplastic resin layer comprises fiber or thermoplastic resin having melting point of 200 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen sulfide absorbent from process of hydrogen sulfide-containing gas purification is alkanolamine chosen from monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropanolamine and diglycolamine. The physical hydrogen sulfide absorbent is chosen from N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol, tributyl phosphate and methanol. An oxidant is further fed to the fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The absorber carpet comprises material selected from a group consisting of flexible material, water impermeable flexible material, rubber, urethane, PVC, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), nylon and polyoxymethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further comprises polyether compound of formulae (A-O-(CF2CF2CF2O)a-A), (A-O-(CF2O)c-(CF2CF2O)d-A), and (A-O-(CF2O)e-(C(-CF3)FCF2O)f-A). The polyfluoroalkyl compound has a structure of formula (CH2=CH-(X)g-Rf1-(X1)g-CH=CH2) (I). The light-active hydrosilylation catalyst is ( eta 5 -cyclopentadienyl)tri( sigma -aliphatic) platinum (IV) complex or beta -diketonato platinum(II) complex.A = CbF2b+1-;b = 1-3;X = -CH2-, -CH2O-, -CH2OCH2- or -Y1-NR1-CO-;Y1 = -CH2-, (-Si(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2-), (-Si(CH3)(CH=CH2)CH2CH2CH2-), (-Si(CH=CH2)2CH2CH2CH2-) or a monovalent group of formula (II);X1 = -CH2-, -OCH2-, -CH2OCH2- or -CO-NR2-Y2-;Y2 = -CH2-, (-CH2CH2CH2Si(CH3)2-), (-CH2CH2CH2Si(CH3)(CH=CH2)-), (-CH2CH2CH2Si(CH=CH2)2-) or monovalent group of formula (III);R1, R2 = H or optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl;R3-R6 = -CH3 or -CH=CH2;Rf1 = (-CtF2t(OCF2C(CF3)F)pOCF2(CF2)rCF2O(C(CF3)FCF2O)qCtF2t-) or (-CtF2t(OC(CF3)FCF2)u(OCF2)vOCtF2t-);g = 0 or 1;p, q = 0 or 1-150, where average sum of p and q is 2-200;r = 0-6;t = 2-3;u = 1-200;v = 1-50;a = 1-500; andc-f = 1-300. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfur source is sulfur or hydrogen sulfide. The substrate is silicon, germanium, silicon carbide, glass and/or organic polymer. Preferred Conditions: The temperature of the substrate is maintained at 80-100 degrees C, during manufacture of nickel sulfide thin film. Sulfur source is supplied for 4 seconds to less than 6 seconds, during manufacture of nickel sulfide thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The nickel precursor (I) is preferably of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction solvent comprises water, toluene, acetone, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, chlorobenzene, or dimethylformamide. The palladium catalyst comprises palladium(II) chloride, palladium(II) acetate, dichlorobis(acetonitrile) palladium(II), bis(benzonitrile)palladium chloride, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium-chloroform adduct or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises dissolving 2,5-bis-trimethylstannanyl-thieno(2,3-b)thiophene and a 2-bromo-5-methyl-thiophene compound of formula (II) in a reaction solvent, and then reacting in the presence of palladium catalyst to obtain (I). Preferred Components: (I) have a band gap of 1.4-2 eV. The organic solar cell comprises an optical transform active layer comprising (I) and fullerene derivative. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R2 = ethylhexyl, butyloctyl, hexyldecyl, or octyldodecyl; and    n = 100-50000.    EXAMPLE - 0.30 g of 2,5-Bis-trimethylstannanyl-thieno(2,3-b)thiophene and 0.6564 g of 6-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis-(2-octyl-dodecyl)-1,2,3,3a,4,5-hexahydro-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-diol were reacted for more than 12 hours to remove the residual solvent using a vacuum pump. After degassing, 10 ml of toluene, 1 ml of water, and 0.0223 g of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) were added and stirred at room temperature. The mixture was slowly heated to a temperature of 60 degrees C. After 2 hours, the temperature was slowly raised to 100 degrees C. After 1 hour, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 110 degrees C for 20 hours and then allowed to react. Then, 0.1247 ml of 2-bromothiophene was added and reacted. The reaction mixture was precipitated using methanol to obtain the polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The metal component is present in an amount of 1-25 wt.%, and comprises platinum, palladium and/or nickel. The rare earth component is present in an amount of 1-15 wt.%. The metal of VIII and VI group comprises scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and/or lutetium. The metal oxides comprise zirconia, titania, thoria, ceria, silica, and/or alumina. Preferred Method: The method further comprises simultaneously performing chemical hydrogenation reaction and deoxygenation reaction after polymerization reaction. The step (c) is carried out at 150-500 degrees C, a pressure of 5-50 bar, and a weight hourly space velocity of 0-1 hour-1. The steps (a), (b), and (c) are carried out in the presence of hydrogen gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volatile fatty acid is a carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte solution are sealed in a laminated exterior component (4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In magnesium compound, two disilazane groups are bonded with the magnesium atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The magnesium compound is magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide), diisopropyl magnesium or dibutyl magnesium. The ligand has 1-6C alkyl group in which at least 1 portion of hydrogen is optionally substituted by fluorine at the farthest position from the magnesium atom. The dialkyl glycol ether is chosen from ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, pentaethylene glycol dimethyl ether, hexaethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, preferably triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of glass frit is 0.01-1 %mass. The glass frit does not contain lead and alkaline component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle contains acrylic resin as organic binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass, plastic and/or metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal is chosen from titanium, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium and/or gallium. The metal oxide is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide and/or strontium oxide. The inorganic substance is silicon-containing compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyindole, polyacetylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene vinylene, polypropylene glycol, polycarbazole, polyfluorene, polynaphthalene, polyethylenedioxythiophene and/or their derivatives or copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The granules have average diameter of 50-80 mu m. The wall has wall thickness of 1-30 mu m. The pore has diameter of 50-1000 Angstrom . The wall thickness of storage bottle is 17-19 mm. Preferred Composition: The granules contain carbon nanotube, glass nanoball, nano ceramic, nano zeolite and/or nano fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The filter is stainless steel micro net.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic salt with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer precursor is 10-30 pts. wt. The inorganic salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, Lithium perchlorate, Lithium chlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithiumtetraoxoaluminate, Lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium triflate, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonylimide), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) and/or lithium bis(oxalato)borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of crosslinking agent is with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer precursor is 10-30 pts. wt. The composition further comprises polymerization initiator and organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Carbonate ion/carbon dioxide gas scavenger is magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide, and has BET specific surface area of 5 m2/g or more and average primary particle size of 7 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Insulating filler is an organic filler. The sealing material further contains 2 or more crosslinking agents, mixture of methacryl-group-containing silane coupling agent and epoxy-group-containing silane coupling agent, and triazine-type ultraviolet absorber and/or benzotriazole-type ultraviolet absorber. Preferred Properties: The insulating filler has insulation resistance of more than 1x 109 Omega , volume resistivity of more than 1x 109 Omega .m, average primary particle size of 10-200 mu m and glass transition point of 160 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of insulating filler, carbonate ion/carbon dioxide gas scavenger, crosslinking agent and silane-coupling-agent mixture contained with respect to 100 parts mass thermoplastic olefin resin is 3-50 parts mass, 0.1-5 parts mass, 0.1-3 parts mass and 0.1-3 parts mass, respectively. Thermoplastic resin has melt flow rate of 0.1-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A photoactive layer is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The organic layer further comprises a charge generation layer, and a buffer layer formed between the photoactive layer and the first electrode. The buffer layer contacts the photoactive layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ionic group is anionic or cationic group. The ionic group originates from the branched chain of the conjugate monomer, and is included in the end of the branched chain of the conjugate monomer. The ionic group comprises sulfite ion (SO3-) and ammonium ion. The conjugate monomer has a structure of formulae (a-u). Each monomer block has different ions. The conjugate monomer includes branched chain having 2-30 carbon atoms. The content of the conjugate monomer within the monomer block is 10-100 mole%. A number average molecular weight of the copolymer is 500-1000000 g/mole. The molecular weight distribution of the copolymer is 1-100. The conjugate monomer comprises substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiophene, and substituted or unsubstituted carbazole. The conjugate monomer includes alkyl group, ether group, aryl group and heterocyclic group.R, R2-R6 = ether, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkyl thiol, aryl thiol, alkyl sulfoxide, aryl sulfoxide, alkenyl, silyl, boron, alkylamine, aralkyl, amine, arylamine, heteroarylamine, aryl, and heterocyclic groups containing N, O, S atoms (all optionally substituted), H, D, halo, nitrile, nitro, imide, amide, or hydroxyl;X1-X3 = CRR6, NR, O, SiRR6, PR, S, GeRR6, Se, or Te;Y1-Y4 = CR, N, SiR, P, or GeR;a = 0-4;b = 0-6;c = 0-8; andd, e = 0-3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyaniline cation in the activated carbon surface strengthens the phosphotungstic acid anion adsorption on the carrier surface. The phosphotungstic acid is used as a tungsten source in the catalyst preparation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal is aluminum or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), molar ratio between copper, zinc and tin salts is 1:0.5-0.8:0.5-1.5, and the reaction temperature is 60-100 degrees C. In the step (ii), the reaction temperature is 350-450 degrees C, and the reaction time is 0.5-1 hour. In the step (iii), the reaction temperature is 350-450 degrees C, and the reaction time is 0.5-2 hours. Preferred Components: The copper salt is copper chloride (preferred), copper bromide or copper iodide, the zinc salt is zinc chloride (preferred), zinc bromide or zinc iodide, and the tin salt is stannous chloride (preferred) or stannic chloride. The ionic liquid is an ionic liquid compound of formula (R+Y-). Mass ratio between the ionic liquid and the copper salt is 10-30:1. The substrate is a clean glass, glass coated with molybdenum, polymer material substrate, a ferroelectric thin film substrate, stainless steel sheet, copper sheet, nickel sheet or titanium sheet. The protective gas is nitrogen, argon or helium gas.R+ = 1-methylimidazolium group of formula (I), pyridinium group of formula (II) or 1-methylpyrrolidinium group of formula (III);n = 1-7; andY- = Cl-, Br-, I-, BF4-, PF6-, SCN-, N(CN)2-, C(CN)3-, B(CN)4- or N((SO2CF3)2)-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is 6-12 M hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): (I) is prepared by mixing 3-cyano-2,4-dihalophenylphosphonate and acid at weight-volume ratio of 1:10-20; heating to 100-150 degrees C and reacting for 10-30 hours, monitoring reaction by thin-layer chromatography, and stopping reaction when 3-cyano-2,4-dihalophenylphosphonate is completely reacted; adding alkali to adjust pH to 7-8; and evaporating water, dissolving obtained solid in methanol, filtering to remove insoluble substance, spin-drying methanol, and recrystallizing obtained solid in water and ethanol. Preferred Components: The 3-cyano-2,4-dihalophenylphosphonate is 3-cyano-2,4-dichlorophenylphosphonate or 3-cyano-2,4-difluorophenylphosphonate. The volume ratio of water and ethanol in recrystallization solvent is 1:1-20. The alkali is M1OH or NR1R2R3.M1=Li, Na, K, or Cs; andR1-R3=H or 1-4C alkyl. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 7 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. 3-cyano-2,4-difluorophenylphosphonic acid sodium (Ia), 3-cyano-2,4-dichlorophenylphosphonic acid sodium, 3-cyano-2,4-difluorophenylphosphonic acid lithium, 3-cyano-2,4-difluorophenylphosphonic acid potassium, and 3-cyano-2,4-difluorophenylphosphonic acid cesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant comprises 50-100 pts. wt., preferably 50-80 pts. wt. aluminum hydroxide, and 20-70 pts. wt., preferably 30-60 pts. wt. magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt flow index of 4-6 g/10 minutes in accordance with ASTMD standards of 1238-2004 at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg load measurement, and has vinyl acetate monomer unit content of 26-28%. The polyethylene is metallocene linear low density polyethylene with melt flow index of 2-4 g/10 minutes in accordance with ASTMD standards of 1238-2004 at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg load measurement. The matrix resin comprises 35-55 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 20-30 pts. wt. polyethylene and 15-25 pts. wt. interface compatibilizer. The interface compatibilizer is ethylene or monomeric maleic anhydride grafted copolymer of vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, propylene, butylene, hexane or octene, preferably maleic anhydride grafted copolymer of polyethylene-vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The transmission belt is flexible mesh belt having width of 400 mm, thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm and mesh size of 40-100 mesh. The transmission belt contains nylon mesh material, metal material or fluorine material. Preferred Properties: The mesh conveyor belt has thickness of 0.3 mm and mesh size of 60 mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The coating amount of master slurry is controlled to 160 g/m2. The master slurry is obtained by adding 50 g chopped carbon fiber or graphite fiber to dispersion prepared by dissolving 10 g dispersing agent to 5000 ml water. The adhesive layer coating is prepared using 5-25% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. Preferred Composition: The coating amount of adhesive layer coating is 50 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The silver powder has particle size of 0.5-3 mu m and tap density of more than 4 g/cm3. The fumed silica has average particle diameter of 1-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Ultrasonic cleaning is performed on transparent substrate using 10 mass% hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and acetone for 30 minutes. Preferred Components: Transparent substrate is quartz glass sheet or silicon sheet, preferably quartz glass sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Mass ratio decamethyl acryloyloxypropyl cage-type silsesquioxane:octaaminophenyl cage-type silsesquioxane is 5:1-50:1, preferably 20:1. Aza-Michael addition reaction catalyst is samarium diiodide, beta -cyclodextrin, or cerium nitrate amine, preferably cerium nitrate amine. Bottom layer spin-coating solution contains 50-200 ppm, preferably 100 ppm Aza-Michael addition reaction catalyst and 1-2 mass%, preferably 1 mass% bottom layer spin-coating material. Fluorine-containing acrylate monomer is trifluoroethyl methacrylate, hexafluorobutyl acrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate, or tridecafluorooctyl methacrylate, preferably hexafluorobutyl acrylate. Mass ratio fluorinated acrylate prepolymer:octamethyl acryloyloxypropyl cage-type silsesquioxane is 10:1-200:1, preferably 100:1. Preferred Conditions: 1st spin-coating is performed by spin-coating at 200 rpm for 10 s and spin-coating at 3000 rpm for 10 s, and 2nd spin-coating is performed by sin-coating at 200 rpm for 10 s and spin-coating at 3000 rpm for 30 s.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoanode contains inorganic semiconductor component including titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sensitizer is N719-type dye, quantum dot silver disulfide or nanogold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The monodispersed microspherical photonic crystal thin film is prepared by adding silicon dioxide microsphere dispersion into ethanol, adjusting concentration to 1-10 wt.%, providing obtained ethanol dispersion liquid on clean glass slide, maintaining and volatilizing ethanol. Preferred Property: The silicon dioxide microspheres have grain diameter of 100-600 nm. Preferred Composition: The content of azobisisobutyronitrile is 1-10 %mass of amount of glycidyl methacrylate. The solution (C) is aqueous solution of acrylic acid (AA), N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agent, gelatin and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The mass percentage of acrylic acid is 20-60%. The usage amount of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide is 1-10 %mass of the amount of acrylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer precursor solution is solution (A) including monomer and initiator, solution (B) or solution (C) containing initiator and polymer monomer. The solution (A) is obtained by dissolving initiator azobisisobutyronitrile and glycidyl methacrylate. The polymer film is separated from the substrate using hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution having concentration of 2-10 %mass. Preferred Composition: The solution (B) is acetone solution of polyvinylidene ethylene, acetone solution of polyvinylidene ethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer or dimethylformamide solution of polyacrylonitrile. The content polymer in the solution (B) is 2-10%. The content of gelatin and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide is 10 %mass of amount of acrylic acid. The usage amount of ammonium persulfate is 1-10 %mass of mass of acrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Amount of cage-type silsesquioxane is 10-30 wt.%. Solvent is ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and/or methyl isobutyl ketone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Adhesive is polyester polyol prepolymer. Curing agent is aliphatic isocyanate trimer. Weather-resistant layer is ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) film, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) film, or polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) film. Adhesive layer is polyvinyl acetate film, polyvinyl butyral film, olefin polymer film, PVDF film, or PVF film. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of adhesive layer is 5-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyhydric alcohol is selected from ethanediol, propanetriol and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyhydric alcohols are ethanediol, propanetriol and/or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The perovskite structure as absorption material is CH3NH3PbBr3, CH3NH3PbBr3, CH3NH3PbI2Cl or CH3NH3PbI2Br. The derivatives of the fullerene are selected from PC61BM, PC71BM, C70 or ICBA. The conductive substrate is selected from indium tin oxide film substrate, aluminum zinc oxide film substrate or indium zinc oxide film substrate, and the conductive substrate has a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate. The hole transport layer is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4-styrenesulfonate), (poly((9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-4,4'-(N-(4-sec-bu- tylphenyl)diphenylamine))) or (poly(N,N-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine)), the hole blocking layer is selected from bathocuproine, (4,7-diphenyl- 1, 10-phenanthroline), (1,3 ,5-tri(p-pyrid-3 -yl-phenyl)benzene) or (diphenyl bis(4- (pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)silane), and the negative electrode is selected from aluminum, silver or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flexible substrate is selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene naphthalate or polycarbonate. Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing organic solvent such as dimethylformamide or r-butyrolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The scrapper is made of rubber and plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. EXAMPLE - Lithium phosphate (2 g) and diethyl carbonate solution (56 g) of boron trifluoride were mixed, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The obtained solution was mixed with heavy acetonitrile and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to obtain mixture of boron-containing compound of formula (Ia) as boron-containing compound (I).    n=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method does not comprise annealing the solid coating obtained after the step (b). Preferred Components: The fraction F2 comprises at least one solvent (S2) including 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl phthalate or tributyl o-acetylcitrate. The solvent (S1) of the fraction F1 comprises chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, benzene, toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, xylenes, alpha , alpha , alpha -trichlorotoluene, methylnaphthalene or chloronaphthalene. The concentration of each of (I) and (II) in the solvent (S) is 0.1-5 wt.%. (II) comprises fullerene derivatives, preferably (6,6)-phenyl 61C-butyric acid methyl ester. (I) comprises derivatives of polythiophene, preferably poly(3-hexylthiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl formamide, dimethylacetamide and/or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises dispersing agent, siccative, leveling agent and matting agent. The additive comprises 34-50 parts mass dispersing agent, 15-20 parts mass siccative and 28-35 parts mass leveling agent. The dispersing agent contains polyacid and alkanolamine composite. The siccative contains dibutyltin dilaurate and/or alkylzinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The leveling agent is polyurethane-modified polyether and modified poly(acrylic acid) mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The single atom of symmetrical center comprises oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, carbon atom, phosphorus atom, sulfur atom or selenium atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator comprises organic peroxide initiator, inorganic peroxide initiator, azo initiator and redox initiator. The amount of initiator is 0.001-5 %mass with respect to the amount of gel electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer component comprises 45 %mass or less molecules having asymmetric structure. The amount of polymer component is 0.2-30 %mass with respect to the amount of gel electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The side walls are made of transparent glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium oxalyldifluoroborate and/or lithium bis(oxalato)borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is ether solvent, sulfone solvent, ester solvent, amide solvent and/or ionic liquid. The ether solvent is of formula (H3C(CH2)n-O(CH2CH2O)m-(CH2)nCH3), (gamma)-hydroxybutyric acid inner ester, polyethylene aldehyde, cineole and perfluoroalkyl derivate. The sulfone solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide and/or dimethyl sulfone. The ester solvent is optionally substituted ethylene carbonate, carbonic allyl ester, carbonate, diethyl carbonate and/or alpha -ethyl carbonate. The amide solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide and/or N,N-diethyl formamide. The ionic liquid is anionic and cationic liquid. The cationic liquid is pyrrole cation compound of formula (I), imidazole cation compound of formula (II), piperidine cation compound of formula (III) and quaternary ammonium cation compound of formula (IV). The anionic liquid is hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6-), tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4-), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide anion and/or trifluoromethanesulfonate anion (CF3SO3-).R1-R22 = optionally substituted 1-15C alkyl;m = 0-10, preferably 2-6; andn = 0-4, preferably 0-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The weight percentage concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 30% and sulfuric acid is 98.3%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The FTO glass is inserted into the mass percentage concentration with 5-3% of polystyrene microsphere in suspension.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises vanadium (IV) compound. Preferred Components: The polyoxometalate is a redox-active polyoxometalate, the additive is tolerant to the oxidizing and/or reducing character of the polyoxometalate, and the redox activity of the polyoxometalate is maintained despite the presence of the additive. The composition: has catalytic activity despite the presence of the additive; is in the form of an aqueous solution; and has a pH of less than or equal to 3. The additive: is tolerant to the acidity of the composition; reduces freezing point at standard pressure of the composition by less than or equal to 20 degrees C; has a molecular weight of less than or equal to 200 and is fully dissociated and more acidic than the polyoxometalate; and comprises at least one acid, or its salt or derivative, where the acid is a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid. The acid is a sulfonic acid, halogenated sulfonic acid, methane sulfonic acid. The polyoxometalate is based on the Keggin structure or of formula (Xa(ZbMcOd)). The counter ions of the polyoxometalate comprise at least one divalent ion. The polyoxometalate and associated counter ion are of formula (X1a(ZbMcOd)).X1 = H, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and/or transition metal ions;X = H, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and/or alkyl ammonium:Z = B, P, S, As, Si, Ge, Ni, Rh, Sn, Al, Cu, I, Br, F, Fe, Co, Cr, Zn, H2, Te, Mn and/or Se;M = Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, Rh, Ru, Ti, Al, Ga, In or 1st, 2nd and 3rd transition metal series and/or lanthanide series;a = number of X necessary to charge balance the (McOd)(a-) anion;b = 0-20, preferably 0-5;c = 1-40, preferably 5-30; andd = 1-180. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The surface asperity depth of the surface obtained by roughening process is 0.01-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Process: The roughening process of aluminum or aluminum alloy surface is carried out by chemical etching or electrolytic etching.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer of the polymeric film comprises polymer insoluble in electrolyte solution or polymer swelling in electrolyte solution. The polymer comprises water-based polymer containing cellulose polymers chosen from methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, or their sodium salts, and polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymer, acrylic acid/sulfonic acid-type monomer copolymer, and acrylic polymers or their sodium salts, or the polymer is chosen from non-aqueous polymer containing polyvinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, and styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The first glass layer and the second glass layer are made of tempered glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The module has an insulation layer made of material selected from a group consisting of silicon oxide and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The light reflective coating is made of material selected from a group consisting of aluminum or silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The manufacture of biaxially-oriented polyester film further involves melt-kneading polyester raw material with an extruder, discharging the molten polymer from a nozzle, solidifying the resultant material by cooling, and obtaining an unstretched sheet. Preferred Properties: The temperature of the molten polymer is 285 degrees C or less. The polymer average residence time from the extruder to nozzle is 180 seconds or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst includes carbon as carrier. The catalyst comprises platinum and/or metal components other platinum. The addition amount of catalyst metal with respect to catalyst is 50 wt.% or less. The electrolyte coverage of catalyst metal is 0.3 or less, which is calculated from the ratio of area of catalytic metal surface to the surface area of catalyst metal covered by an electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic group is hydroxyl group, lactone group, or carboxyl group. Preferred Properties: The BET specific surface area of carrier is more than 1500 m2/g of carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Method: In method (M1), the step of curing medium involves heating the medium to not greater than 204 degrees C; contacting the medium with metal drier; and irradiating the medium with RF radiation having wavelength of 1.1-4 microns. EXAMPLE - An acrylate-based medium comprising 32.8 wt.% SR306 (RTM: triproplylene glycol diacrylate); 40 wt.% Elvacite 2043 (RTM: polyethylmethacrylate resin) (80% in SR306 (RTM: triproplylene glycol diacrylate)); 10 wt.% 6X037 (RTM: acrylated polyester)/urethane co-polymer; 5 wt.% Elvacite 2043 (RTM: polyethylmethacrylate resin) (80% in texanol); 4 wt.% tetrafunctional polyester; 4 wt.% SR339 (RTM: 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate); 4 wt.% Craynor CN-111 (RTM: epoxidized soybean oil acrylate); 0.2 wt.% Modaflow AQ3000 (RTM: flow agent); and 2 wt.% peroxide as curing agent, was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The soft resin is olefin-type thermoplastic elastomer, and has uniform expansibility during the formation of deep draw. The metal-bonding layer contains acid-modified polyolefin resin as a main component. The base material layer consists of a biaxially-stretched film layer containing polyamide resin and/or polyester resin as a main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: ( alpha )-Olefin is olefin chosen from propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene and 4-methyl-1-pentene. The ethylene-based copolymer is prepared using catalyst containing metallocene compound of formula (II).R1-R20=H, halo, 1-10C (halo)alkyl, 6-10C aryl, furyl, -NR232, -SR23, -OSiR233, -SiR233 or -PR232;adjacent R1-R10 and R11-R20=aryl or aliphatic ring;R5+R6, or R5+R10, or R15+ R16, or R15+R20=aryl or aliphatic ring;R23=halo, 1-10C alkyl or 6-10C aryl;R21,R22=H, halo, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C fluoroalkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, 6-10C aryl, 6-10C fluoroaryl, 6-10C aryloxy, 2-10C alkenyl, 7-40C arylalkyl, 7-40C alkylaryl or 8-40C arylalkenyl;or R21+R22=ring;X1,X2=H, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, 6-10C aryl, 6-10C aryl, 6-10C aryloxy, 2-10C alkenyl, 7-40C arylalkyl, 7-40C alkylaryl, 8-40C arylalkenyl, 1-10C substituted amino or neutral ligand coordinated by OH, halo or lone electron pair;andor X1+X2=ring.Preferred Process: The ethylene-based copolymer is prepared by carrying out polymerization at -50 degrees C to 300 degrees C under pressure of 0.1-400 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-based copolymer comprises 40-99.9 mol% structural unit derived from ethylene, 0.05-30 mol% structural unit derived from ( alpha )-olefin and 0.05-30 mol% structural unit derived from 5-vinyl-2-norbornene with respect to 100 mol% all the structural units of ethylene-based copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The silver-coated copper powder is dissolved in 1-20 %mass solvent. Preferred Composition: The polyhydric carboxylic acid is adipic acid, succinic acid, diglycolic acid, glutaric acid, malonic acid or maleic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The silver-coat copper powder is mixed with resin hardening-type electroconductive paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The baking process is carried out at 300-600 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours. The sintering process is carried out by heating at 800-1200 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours. Preferred Properties: The porosity of the baked film after the baking process is 40% or less. The metal oxide fine particles have particle size of 0.1-2 mu m. The ratio of thickness of the thickest portion with respect to thickness of thinnest portion of protective film is 2 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The base material consists of ferritic stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of metal oxide fine particles and anionic resin is 0.5:1-1.7:1. The anionic resin is chosen from polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid. Preferred Property: The film thickness of electrodeposition coating film is 1-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material for the substrate is selected from a group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, polymethyl methacrylate, thermoplastic elastomers, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyurethanes and polyethylene terephthalate. The material for the protecting layer is selected from a group consisting of PTFE, polymethylmethacrylate and polyethylene terephthalate. The material for the photovoltaic thin layer module is selected from a group consisting of amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmiumtellurid and copper indium gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The intermediate layer is made of magnesium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optic comprises a receiving layer formed from silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The inorganic particles (B) have 90% cumulative particle size of 30 nm or less from fine grain side of cumulative particle size distribution. Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic particles (B) is 1-30 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass solid content entire amount of the composition. The inorganic particles (B) are aluminum oxide or silica particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent (a-2) contains carboxylic acid of formula (I) or (II).R2=H or methyl, preferably H;P'=group chosen from groups of formulae (a)-(c);R1,R3=H, 1-6C hydrocarbyl or carboxy;R4=H or 1-15C hydrocarbyl;andP"=group of formula (d).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The difference of optical refractive index of cured material and optical refractive index of glass fiber at wavelength of 633 nm is 0.01 or less. Preferred Composition: The curable resin (A) contains curing agent (a-2) containing carboxyl group(s) or carbon acid-anhydride group(s) in a molecule, and epoxy resin (a-1) containing epoxy group(s) in a molecule.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The glass fiber is glass cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of isobutylene is 70 %mass or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of hydrogenated block polymer is 10000-200000. Preferred Composition: The hydrogenated vinyl aromatic block polymer comprises polystyrene. The content of hydrogenated vinyl aromatic block polymer is 40 %mass or less with respect to total content of hydrogenated vinyl aromatic block polymer and hydrogenated block polymer (B). The resin composition further comprises polyisobutylene. The content of tackifying resin is 10 %mass or more. The solid content of hydrogenated block polymer (B) is 10 %mass or more with respect to total solid content of resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus in the polyester film is 170 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of catalyst metal is 3 nm or more. The BET specific surface area of catalyst is more than 1000 m2/g support. Preferred Composition: The catalyst metal comprises platinum, and/or metal components other than platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The rare-earth-containing polymer ligand (I) is obtained by adding 2 2'-bipyridine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid and samarium chloride to water, stirring for 0.5-1 hour, adjusting pH to 4-5, performing isothermal reaction at 160 degrees C for 72 hours, cooling and precipitating transparent sheet-shaped crystal. The molar ratio of 2 2'-bipyridine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid and samarium chloride is 1-2:1-2:1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor is metal salt, ozone, oxygen, or hydrogen peroxide. The semiconductor is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer has a cyclopenta-1,4-dioxine-containing repeating unit of formula (I). The irradiation wavelength of light has an absorption wavelength of the sensitizing dye. The sensitizing dye has a carboxyl group.X=S, NR, or O;R=H or optionally substituted alkyl;andR1-R4=H, halo, 2-30C polyethylene oxide, or 1-30C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, or 4-30C cyclic group (all optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Properties: The ratio of the number of structural unit (I) to the total number of the structural units (I, II) is 0.1-0.9. The high molecular compound has light absorption terminal wavelength of 700 nm or more and number average molecular weight by polystyrene conversion of 3000 or more. Preferred Compound: The high molecular compound further has structural unit of formula: -Ar1-, preferably chosen from formulae (III-1) to (III-8).Ar1=optionally substituted arylene or bivalent heterocyclyl;R21-R38=R5;andX21-X29=S, O or Se. EXAMPLE - 150 mg 4,7-Dibromo-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 180.5 mg tributyl(11-(tributylstannyl)-8,8-bis(4,4,4-trifluorobutyl)-7-oxa-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-4-yl)stannane were added to toluene solution of 356 mg (8,8-bis(3-heptyldodecyl)-11-(tributylstannyl)-7-oxa-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-4-yl)tributylstannane, and stirred. 12.5 mg Tris(2-tolyl)phosphine and tris(dibenzylidine acetone)dipalladium were added to the obtained toluene solution, and stirred for 6 hours at 100 degrees C. 50 mg Phenyl bromide was added to the reaction liquid, and the contents were stirred for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured into 300 ml methanol. The polymer precipitated was filtered, dried, dissolved in 9 ml o-dichlorobenzene, and poured into methanol to deposit 313 mg pure high molecular compound. The ink prepared using the obtained high molecular compound was coated on an indium-tin oxide film formed on a glass substrate, to obtain an organic membrane containing high molecular compound. The organic thin film solar cell produced using the organic membrane had photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.51%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dihydric phenol is chosen from dihydric phenol of formulae (I)-(VI). The dispersion liquid (B) further contains dihydric phenol which is soluble in aqueous alkali solution.Z11,Z12,Z21,Z22=substituents containing cycloalkyl or aryl;R11,R12,R21,R22,R31,R32,R37,R38,R 41,R42,R47,R48,R51,R52,R57,R58,R 61,R62=H, cycloalkyl, aryl or 1-5C linear or branched alkyl;R13-R16,R23-R26,R33-R36,R43-R46,R53-R 56,R69,R60=H or 1-5C linear or branched alkyl;andR49,R40=H or 1-5C linear or branched alkyl optionally substituted by cycloalkyl or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The transmitter, receiver, antenna, or transceiver are configured to transmit and receive data via communications standard such as 3G, 4G, Bluetooth, 802.11, and WiMAX.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composite particles comprise nano-silicon crystallites embedded in a SiOx amorphous matrix phase. Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing metal reductant selected from magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and/or lithium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves conducting chemical vapor deposition or pyrolysis by using a precursor or carbon source selected from toluene, acetylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, citric acid, glucose, and/or pitch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The barrier material is oxide e.g. silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymeric material is copolymer that contains greater than or equal to 80 molar % of poly-vinylbutyral and 10 to 20% of poly-vinlyalcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method does not comprise annealing the solid coating obtained after the step (b). Preferred Components: The concentration of each of (I) and (II) in the solvent-S is 0.1-5 wt.%. (II) comprises fullerene derivatives, preferably (6,6)-phenyl 61C-butyric acid methyl ester. (I) comprises derivatives of polythiophene, preferably poly(3-hexylthiophene). The fraction F2 comprises at least one solvent-S2 including 1-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl phthalate and tributyl o-acetylcitrate. The fraction F1 comprises the solvent-S1 including chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, benzene, toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, xylenes, alpha , alpha , alpha -trichlorotoluene, methylnaphthalene and chloronaphthalene. Preferred Definitions:    R1 = cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solder powder is made of tin-bismuth (SnBi), tin-silver-copper (SnAgCu), tin-silver (SnAg), gold-tin and indium -tin (InSn).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive powder comprises metallic powder made of copper, nickel, silver and gold and solder powder made of tin, indium, To (sic), bismuth, lead, zinc, gallium, tellurium, silver, To, antimony and selenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The reducing agent is an acid containing a carboxyl group. The curing agent is amine-based curing agents and anhydride-based curing agents.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of conjugated polymers (P1) involves carrying out Suzuki or Stille cross coupling reaction in the presence of organic palladium catalyst such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3)/tri(ortho-tolyl)phosphine (P(ortho-Tol)3), palladium-tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) (Pd(PPh3)4) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (Pd(PPh3)2Cl2) under conditions such that the polymer structures (P1) are formed. EXAMPLE - In a 25 ml dry flask, 5,8-dibromo-2,3-bis(3-(octyloxy)phenyl)quinoxaline (349 mg), 2,5-bis-trimethylstannanyl-thiophene (205 mg), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2(dba)3) (6 mg) and tri(ortho-tolyl)phosphine (P(o-Tol)3) (10 mg) were dissolved in degassed toluene (6 ml). The mixture was vigorously stirred at 100 degrees C for 24 hours under nitrogen. After cooling down, the solution was poured into acetone. The polymer was collected by filtration. And then the polymer was dissolved in 100 ml of orthodichlorobenzene (ODCB) and mixed with a solution of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (5 g) in distilled water (100 ml). The mixture was stirred at 80 degrees C overnight under nitrogen. After work-up, poly(2,3-bis-(3-octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-diyl-alt-thiophene-2,5-diyl) (237 mg, 76.6%) was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Alternately, precursor of the catalyst metal is impregnated in the pores of the carrier, and the impregnated carrier is heat-processed. The heat-processing is carried out such that the average grain radius of the catalyst metal becomes larger than the mode radius of the pores in the catalyst. Preferred Composition: The catalyst metal is platinum or metal components other than platinum. The fuel cell electrode catalyst layer contains a liquid proton conduction material which connects the catalyst metal and the electrolyte in the state in which proton conduction is possible. Preferred Properties: The average grain radius of the structural component of catalyst metal is smaller than the mode radius of the pores in the carrier. The coverage of the electrolyte to the catalyst metal is 0.45 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution comprises 20-40 %mass sodium hydroxide. The acid solution comprises 5-10 mol/L nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery cell is attached to the mounting portion of the carrier element using a double sided adhesive layer provided with a plastic foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic-semiconductor content layer is formed by coating the composition (A) on a substrate in pattern form, and drying. Preferred Composition: The organic-semiconductor material is chosen from luminescent material, hole-transport material and electron-transport material. The substrate has partitioned-pattern on substrate such that content layer is formed between the partitions. Preferred Property: The thickness of organic-semiconductor content layer is 500 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The siloxane compound is chosen from polyether-modified polysiloxane, aralkyl-modified polysiloxane, silicone-modified (meth)acrylic polymer and (meth)acryl-modified polysiloxane, and is of formula (I). The siloxane compound is a compound in which (meth)acrylic polymer is branched to siloxane principal chain, or a compound in which siloxane is branched to (meth)acrylic polymer principal chain. The (meth)acrylic polymer is of formula (II).R1=1-10C alkyl;R2=polyether, aralkyl, (meth)acryl or polyester;x-z=1 or more;R7=H or methyl;andR8=1-10C alkyl, polyether or polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The particle size (D50) of the glass powder is 1-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The glass powder further comprises 0-10 mol% aluminum oxide, 0-5 mol% titanium dioxide, and 0-3 mol% zirconium dioxide. The content of glass powder in the electroconductive paste is 1-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The photovoltaic cell comprises a solar cell module sealed with the sealing material containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive paste comprises 70-94.9 wt.% silver powder, and 0.1-10 wt.% aluminum powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic filler is aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, or talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of organic filler in the unsaturated polyester resin composition is 10-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass unsaturated polyester resin. The organic fillers contain polycarbonate resin powder, cellulose powder, or polyethylene terephthalate powder. The unsaturated polyester resin composition further contains hardening accelerator. The unsaturated polyester resin composition does not contain organic fibers and inorganic fibers having fiber length of 2 mm or more. Preferred Properties: The organic filler has an average particle diameter of 1-100 mu m. The ingot slice base has a Barcol hardness of 35-65 at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet absorber contained in the polymer layer (4) is inorganic particles. The content of inorganic particles is 20-70 %mass with respect to acrylic resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymer layers (4 and 6) further contain crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent is oxazoline-type crosslinking agent or carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The elasticity modulus of acrylic resin contained in polymer layer (4) is 5x 10-9 Pa or less. The average film thickness of polymer layer (4) is 0.3-18 mu m. Preferred Process: A surface treatment process is carried out on at least one surface of the polyester support component. The silicone resin is a composite polymer obtained by copolymerizing 15-85 %mass polymer structure portion and 15-85 %mass siloxane portion of formula: -(Si(R1)(R2)-O)n-.R1,R2=monovalent organic group capable of bonding with H, halo, or Si.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic resin further has a repeating unit chosen from aromatic ring-containing repeating units of formula (VIII)-(XI). The aromatic resin is capable of solubilizing in a solvent containing 50% or more toluene and/or xylene.R33-R36,R43-R50,R53-R59,R63-R68=H, or linear or branched 1-5C alkyl;A31,A32,A41,A42,A51,A52,A61,A62=coupling group chosen from group of formulae (iii)-(vii);X31=1 or more aryl connected through coupling group chosen from A32, A31, or A11 in para position or meta position;X41=1 or more aryl connected through coupling group chosen from A42, A41, or A11 in para position or meta position;X51=1 or more aryl connected through coupling group chosen from A52, A51, or A11 in para position or meta position;R69,R70=H, halo, linear or branched 1-5C alkyl, methyl ethynyl, phenyl ethynyl, ethyl ethynyl, or alkoxy;andX61=1 or more aryl connected through coupling group chosen from A62, A61, or A11 in para position or meta position.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The optical film has in-plane phase difference (Re) of 20 nm or less, phase difference (Rth) of 100 nm or less in thickness direction, and total light transmittance of 85% or more. The glass transition temperature of the aromatic resin is 200 degrees C or more. The aromatic resin has weight average molecular weight of 40000-200000 in polystyrene conversion. The transparent substrate has a total thickness of 150 mu m or less. The rupture diameter of transparent substrate is 50 mm or less, after forming a crack by bending the transparent substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Preferred Components: The transparent electrode layer is made of metal selected from aluminum-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum-tin oxide, fluorine-doped-tin oxide, silver nanowire, graphene or carbon nanotube. The amorphous silicon layer is p-type amorphous silicon layer, i-type amorphous silicon layer or n-type amorphous silicon layer. The hole-transport layer is made of metal oxide selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, strontium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, lanthanum oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, niobium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, samarium oxide, gallium oxide, strontium-titanium oxide, fluorinated lithium oxide or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The metal electrode layer is made from gold, silver, nickel, aluminum, titanium, platinum, palladium, tungsten, zirconium, hafnium, cadmium or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The barrier layer is made of plastic selected from polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(1-(6-(4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-6-methylbenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-3-fluoro-4-methylthieno(3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)-1-octanone), poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta (2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) or (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin-film has purity of more than 99.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acid-modified polyolefin resin is polyolefin resin graft-polymerized with 0.1-20 wt.% unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative(s) (A), and 0.1-30 wt.% (meth)acrylic acid ester (B). The polyolefin resin is chosen from ethylene-propylene copolymer, propylene-butene copolymer and/or ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer. The gas barrier layer contains polyolefin resin. The transparent film is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, triacetyl cellulose, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polystyrene, and/or polystyrene-glycidyl methacrylate. Preferred Property: The acid-modified polyolefin resin has weight average molecular weight of 15000-200000. The gas barrier film has total light transmittance of 80% or more, measured based on JIS-K7361.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The doping amount of aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin film is 1 atomic%. During preparation of solar cell, 0.5 g zinc acetate dihydrate, 0.001 g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, 20 mL ethanol solution and 0.1 mL ethanolamine, are used.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene derivative in poly(3-hexylthiophene)-fullerene derivative film is 1:0.8. The ratio of polyvinylpyrrolidone and ethanol solution is 0.016 g:10 mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The semiconductor particle is disperse-mixed in solution of organic polymer and inorganic glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluoropolymer is made of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), PTFE, perfluoroalkylvinyl ether (PFA or MFA), fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymers, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), copolymer of ethylene and fluorinated ethylene propylene (EFEP), terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride (THV), terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene and ethylene (HTE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive material is selected from a group consisting of EVA material, PVB material, surlyn (RTM: tough, easily formed thermoplastic sheet) material, thermoset material and a \\thermoplastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first substrate comprises aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is esters, ethers, ether-esters and/or ketones (preferably glycol ether acetate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The aromatic resin is phenoxy resins, aromatic polyester resins and/or aromatic thermoplastic polyurethanes (preferably phenoxy resin). The electrically conductive silver particles have a specific surface area of 0.1-1.6 m2/g. Preferred Composition: The ink comprises 4-25 wt.% of the aromatic resin(s); 38-85 wt.% of the electrically conductive silver particles and 5-50 wt.% of the organic solvent(s). EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The primary substrate contains aluminum. Preferred Property: The electroconductive silver particles have a specific surface area of 0.1-1.6 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is chosen from esters, ethers, ether-esters, and ketones, preferably glycol ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aromatic resin is chosen from phenoxy resins, aromatic polyester resins, and aromatic thermoplastic polyurethanes, preferably phenoxy resins. The electroconductive ink contains 4-25 wt.% aromatic resins, 38-85 wt.% electroconductive silver particles, and 5-50 wt.% organic solvent, with respect to total amount of the electroconductive ink.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The contact material of the apparatus is comprised from silver-nickel alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The skin layer is laminated on both surfaces of the core layer and is arranged on both outermost layers of the sealing material. The polyethylene-type resin is metallocene-type linear low-density polyethylene. The polyethylene-type resin is copolymer formed by copolymerizing ( alpha )-olefin and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as comonomers. The solar cell component is thin film-type solar cell component. Preferred Property: The ratio of thickness of the skin layer to thickness of the core layer to thickness of the skin layer is 1:4:1-1:8:1. The core layer has density of less than 0.900 g/cm3. The skin layer has density of 0.900 g/cm3 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The waterproof sheet further contains 10-50 wt.% solid-state plasticizer which is dissolved in polyvinyl chloride at normal temperature. The solid-state plasticizer is a copolymer containing carbon monoxide and ethylene, preferably ethylene-acryl acid methyl-carbon monoxide copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide copolymer, or ethylene-methyl methacrylate-carbon monoxide copolymer. A constituent material seals the film-form photovoltaic cell comprising ethylene copolymer, and connects with the waterproof sheet. Preferred Properties: The melt flow rate of solid-state plasticizer measured based on JIS K7210 is 5-40 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbonaceous material (c1) and/or carbonaceous material (c2) comprises 1-50 %mass of carbon fiber having average fiber diameter of 0.01-0.3 mu m. The porous carbon material comprises carbon fiber having average fiber diameter of 0.01-0.3 mu m. The carbonaceous material (c1) and/or carbonaceous material (c2) comprises 0.01-4 %mass boron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition (A) comprises 1-40 %mass styrenic thermoplastic elastomer and 10-99 %mass polypropylene resin. The resin composition (B) comprises propylene-ethylene copolymer comprising ethylene unit copolymerized by propylene unit as main monomer unit, ethylene-based copolymer comprising 3-10C alpha -olefin unit copolymerized by ethylene unit as main monomer unit, and 10-100 %mass alpha -olefin polymer chosen from polybutene type-resin in which 2-10C alpha -olefin copolymerized by 1-butene unit as main monomer unit. The resin composition (B) comprises 2-40 %mass atactic polypropylene, 1-30 %mass tackifying resin, and 0.5-40 %mass styrenic thermoplastic elastomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The porous carbon material is nonwoven fabric comprising carbon fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Cell: The organic solar cell comprises: a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer formed on the first electrode; and a second electrode formed on the photoelectric conversion layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor is C60 fullerene derivative or C70 fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general method for preparation of the copolymer compound (I), is given. Preferred Compound: In the copolymer compound (I), value of m is 0.01-0.1; and the copolymer is conductive copolymer. EXAMPLE - In a microwave reaction vial, 10.5 mg 3,6-bis(4',4',5',5'-tetramethyl-1',3',2'-dioxaborolan-2'-yl)-N-9''-heptad-ecanylcarbazole, 181 mg 2,7-bis(4',4',5',5'-tetramethyl-1',3',2'-dioxaborolan-2'-yl)-9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene and 143 mg 4,7-di(2'-bromothien-5'-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole were placed in 3 ml dried toluene and 20% aqueous solution of tetraethylammonium hydroxide (Et4NOH). About 5 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) as catalyst and 4 drops of Aliquat 336 (RTM: tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride) were added to it, the mixture was reacted for 2 hours at 110 degrees C in a microreactor, to obtain a polymer of formula (Ia) (having number average molecular weight of 14500, weight average molecular weight of 42300, and polydispersity index of 2.92) (220 mg, 99%) as a dark purple solid powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resist is a polymeric material/copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive material is made of copper, aluminum, or an alloy of copper and aluminum, metallic protective layer comprising a noble metal or a metal alloy comprising a noble metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate of back-contact back-sheet is made of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyethylene (PE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The substrate has a primer layer made of polyolefins, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), linear high density polyethylene (LHDPE), a thermo adhesive material such as acryl copolymers or polyurethanes loaded with additives, or acryl terpolymers grafted with maleic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The BET specific surface area of catalyst carrier is 1000 m2/g carrier. The average particle diameter of catalyst metal is 4.1 nm or more. Preferred Component: The catalyst metal is platinum and/or metal components other than platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The degree of coverage of the metal catalyst by an electrolyte is not greater than 0.5. The catalyst support comprises a catalyst containing metal oxide or carbon. The metal catalyst is platinum or metallic components other than platinum. The catalyst comprises 50 wt.% or less metal catalyst with respect to the weight of catalyst support.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acidic group is at least one chosen from hydroxyl group, lactone group, and carboxyl group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene is 8:2-3:7. The polyethylene is low-density polyethylene having molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of 4 or more. Preferred Property: The melting point of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene measured by differential scanning calorimetry are 110 degrees C or less, each. Preferred Process: The manufacture of sealing film further involves premixing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene and organic peroxide at temperature lower than the temperature of kneading, preferably at 40-60 degrees C. The molding is performed by calender molding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium salt is selected from a group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, monolithium monocarbon trifluorosulfite, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium bis-trimethylsilylamide-tri-fluoro-methane-sulfonic anhydride, difluoro oxalate, oxalic acid and lithium borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer substrate is polyether, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curable composition contains zirconia as other microparticles. The total content of the microparticles in the hardened layer is 50-70 vol.%. Preferred Properties: The total thickness of the hardened layer is 5% or more of the thickness of a base film. The contraction percentage of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the transparent laminated film at room temperature is 1% or less, when measured by shrunk-length change rate method which is measured based on JIS-C 23307.4.6.1, and involves heating the film at 200 degrees C for 10 minutes. The refractive index of laminated film is 1.5-2.6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base film comprises resin chosen from polyethylene terephthalate resin, polyetherimide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyethersulfone resin, polyethylene naphthalate resin, and transparent polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Sunlight receiving surface side of surface protective layer has thickness of 0.01-2 mm. Thermal expansion coefficient of back surface protective layer is larger than thermal expansion coefficient of surface protective layer. Preferred Components: Sunlight receiving surface side of surface protective layer further comprises breakage prevention layer made of resin material. Solar cell module further comprises insulating layer which has thickness of 0.01-1 mm and is positioned between photoelectric converting layer and back surface protective layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particles have an average particle diameter of 3 nm to 100 mu m. Preferred Process: Manufacture of particulate material further involves using an inorganic material as target.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The organic material is chosen from 34 compounds e.g. polyethylene, polystyrene, polysilane, N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine, and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(m-tolyl)benzidine, preferably N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine and N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(m-tolyl)benzidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: Distance from which sealing material and glass slide are deviated at 120 degrees C with angle of 90 degrees under 0.65 g/cm2 load within 20 hours based on creep test is less than 3 mm, preferably less than 1 mm. The ethylene polymer has crystal melting peak temperature of 50 degrees C to less than 100 degrees C measured with heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute in differential scanning calorimetry. The olefin polymer has crystal melting peak temperature of 110-160 degrees C measured with heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute using differential scanning calorimetry. The crystal melting heat quantity of olefin polymer is 2-80 J/g measured at 100 degrees C or more with heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute using differential scanning calorimetry. Preferred Composition: The ethylene polymer is ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer. The mass ratio of the ethylene polymer and olefin polymer in the resin composition is 60:40-98:2. The resin composition further contains compatibilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The melt flow rate of sealing material at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg, measured based on JIS K7210, is 1-20 g/10 minutes. The sealing material has crystal melting peak temperature of 100-150 degrees C, measured by differential scanning calorimetry at heating rate of 10 degrees C/minute. and the difference of crystal melting peak temperature (Tm) is 5-60 degrees C. The density of the polyethylene-type resin (A) is 0.865-0.910 g/cm3, and the density of the polyethylene-type resin (B) is 0.910-0.965 g/cm3. The difference in density of the polyethylene-type resin (A) and density of the polyethylene-type resin (B) is 0.01 g/cm3 or more. The mixing mass ratio of polyethylene-type resin (A) and polyethylene-type resin (B) is 50:50-92:8. The content of xylene-soluble material measured by ASTM 2765-95 is 70 %mass or more. Preferred Properties: The water-vapor-permeation rate per 500 mu m thickness of sealing material measured at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity, is 3 g/m2.day or less. Preferred Composition: The sealing material further contains silane-modified ethylene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Fullerene derivative is methyl-6,6-phenyl-C61-butyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of repeating unit (I) and repeating unit (IV) is 1:99-99:1. The molar ratio of fullerene derivative and hydrophobic thiophene polymer is 5:95-95:5. The content of amphiphilic thiophene diblock copolymer is 0.1-20 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. total content of fullerene derivative and hydrophobic thiophene polymer. Hydrophobic thiophene polymer is poly(3-hexylthiophene). Amphiphilic thiophene diblock copolymer is poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-(2-(2-(2-(2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy)-ethoxy)-ethyl))thiophene Preferred Properties: The number average molecular weight of hydrophobic thiophene polymer is 5000-500000. The amphiphilic thiophene diblock copolymer has number average molecular weight of 5000-1000000 and molecular weight distribution of 1-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The photoactive layer has thickness of 40-150 nm, preferably 50-70 nm. Preferred Method: The organic cell manufacturing method further comprises an annealing or heat treatment step.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The functional group is at least one fluorine atom substituted 1-30C alkyl or aryl, preferably trifluoromethyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The modification method comprises forming a linker on terminal of organic semiconductor polymers and introducing and binding a functional group to the linker. Preferred Components: (I) and (II) have number average molecular weight of 5-20 k and polydispersity index of 1-6. (I) is poly((9-(1-octylnonyl)-9h-carbazole-2,7-diyl)-2,5-thiophenediyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4,7-diyl-2,5-thiophenediyl)-bis(p-trifluromethylbenzene) polymer of formula (V). The active layer compound is in crystalline form and exhibits fibrous nanostructure. The compound is present in the photoactive layer with substituted fullerene in a weight ratio of 9:1-1:9. The substituted fullerene is phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal catalyst material contains platinum, palladium, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhenium, rubidium, lead or their oxides. The content of carbon black is 1-30 wt.%. The thickness of graphene nano single sheet is 0.3-0.4 nm. The average particle size of the metal catalyst material is 2-5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating element is selected from a group consisting of polypropylene, perfluoroalkoxy, polyphenylene sulfide and polyether ether ketone (RTM: Colorless organic thermoplastic polymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The injection material includes polyethyletherketone or carbon. The polyethyletherketone includes polyphenylene sulfide or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nylon 6 copolymer comprises isophthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nonmetallic layer is formed of material selected from a group consisting of zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, molybdenum oxide and molybdenum nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is formed of material selected from a group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, and tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulating material is polyurethane system, silicone based or epoxy-based resin, acrylic resin, phenoxy-based resin, polyolefin resin, ionomer resin, ethylenevinylacetate copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer system or ceramic ball.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The surface resistance is preferably 1x 1011-1x 1015 Omega /square. Layer (A) is the outermost layer. The content of nonionic surfactant in layer (A) is 2.5-50 %mass with respect to the solid content total amount of layer (A). The solar-cell backsheet consists of an intermediate layer containing a resin, between the support and layer (A). The intermediate layer contains a white color material and a black color material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The repeating number of ethylene glycol chain of the nonionic surfactant is 7-30, preferably 10-20. The nonionic surfactant is of formula (I), H2m'+1-O-(CH2CH2O)n-H, formula (III), and/or (IV).R11,R13,R21,R23=optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halo, acyl, amido, sulfonamido, carbamoyl, or sulfamoyl;R12,R14,R22,R24=H, or optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halo, acyl, amido, sulfonamido, carbamoyl, or sulfamoyl;R5,R6=H, or optionally substituted alkyl or aryl;R11+R12,R13+R14,R21+R22,R23+R24,R5+R6=optionally substituted ring;m,n=average repeating number of polyoxyethylene chain, preferably 2-50;m'=0-40;R10,R20=H or 1-100C organic group;t1,t2=1 or 2;Y'1,Y'2=single bond or 1-10C alkylene;andm1,n1,m2,n2=0, or 1-100.(i) m1 is not 0, if n1 is 0, m1 is not 1; and (ii) m2 is not 0, if n2 is 0, m2 is not 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal nanowire layer comprises metal chosen from silver, chromium, titanium, copper, gold, nickel, aluminum and molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The buffer layer (b1) or buffer layer (b2) comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate). Preferred Property: The thickness of buffer layer (b1), metal nanowire layer and buffer layer (b2) is 30-100 nm, 30-100 nm and 50-100 nm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The surface protective layer and back surface protective layer comprise glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The secondary resin layer comprises styrenic thermoplastic elastomer containing styrene-butadiene butylene-styrene. The surface protective layer comprises polycarbonate resin containing ultraviolet absorber. The surface protective layer is laminated structure in which transparent resin film and polycarbonate resin are joined through contact bonding layer. The transparent resin film and contact bonding layer comprise ultraviolet absorber and/or polycarbonate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polymeric particles have average particle diameter of 1.5-10 mu m, and refractive index of 1.45-1.53. The refractive index at the center of polymeric particles is 1.52-1.60. The refractive index at the surface of polymeric particles is 1.46-1.52. Preferred Composition: The polyolefin comprises polymer or copolymer of 2-8C alkene. The continuous polymeric phase comprises 1-12 wt.% polymeric particles having average particle diameter of 2-8 mu m. The polymeric particles comprise 60% or less polymerized residue of acrylic and styrene monomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polyester film further satisfies formula (5)-formula (7) chosen from W/2000 less than ((SCT-Ss1'+Ss2'/2)/CCT/100) less than W (5), -0.5 less than (SCT'-(Ss1'+Ss2')/2) less than 0.5 (6), and -0.2 less than SCT' less than 0.2 (7), where the Ss1' represents thermal-contraction-rate (%) of direction orthogonal to the polyester film width direction in edge portion of side at 150 degrees C of the direction orthogonal to the polyester film width direction, and large thermal contraction rate for 30 minutes among the edge portions of the polyester film width direction, Ss2' represents thermal-contraction-rate (%)of the direction orthogonal to the polyester film width direction in the edge portion of side at 150 degrees C of direction orthogonal to the polyester film width direction, and thermal contraction rate small among the edge parts of the polyester film width direction for 30 minutes, the SCT' represents 150 degrees C of the direction orthogonal to the polyester film width direction in the center portion of the polyester film width direction, and thermal-contraction-rate (%) for 30 minutes, Cs1 represents maximum value (m) of curved size in the edge portion of the side with 150 degrees C of the direction orthogonal to the polyester film width direction, and large thermal contraction rate for 30 minutes among the edge portions of the polyester film width direction. The film width W is 0.3 m or more and 8 m or less. The non-uniformity of the pre peak temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the film width direction is of 0.5-10 degrees C. The polyester film has intrinsic viscosity of 0.55-0.90 dl/g. The polyester film has 5-35 eq/tonne terminal carboxy group. The polyester film comprises 0.005-2.5 mol.% trifunctional or trifunctional structural unit derived from polyfunctional monomer with respect to total constitutional units of polyester in a polyester film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The leakage suppression material is made of material selected from the group consisting of rubber, Viton (RTM: fluoroelastomers), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) (RTM: oil-resistant synthetic rubber), Nitrile rubber (BUNA-N), acronitrile, butadiene, Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR), hydrogenation, Fluoroelastomer or fluorocarbon (FPM,FKM), fluorocarbon, Ethylene-propylene rubber (EPDM), polychloroprene rubber (CR), silicone, polyurethane, PTFE and perfluourinated elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is stainless steel, titanium, polymer, glass or ceramic substrate. The buffer layer in the solar cell comprises at least one of zinc selenide, zinc-sulfur oxide complex (Zn(S,O)), zinc-hydroxide-sulfur complex (Zn(OH,S)), zinc sulfide-oxide-hydroxide (ZnS(O,OH)), zinc-indium sulfide, zinc-indium selenide, zinc-magnesium oxide, zinc-selenium hydroxide, zinc-tin oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium-zinc sulfide, indium selenide, indium hydroxide, indium-hydroxide-sulfide complex (In(OH,S)), indium-hydroxide-sulfide (In (OH, S)) and indium-sulfide-oxide complex (In(S,O)). Preferred Process: The back electrode is formed using nickel, copper and/or molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium aluminum oxide, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonylimide), lithium chloride, lithium iodide, lithium bisoxalatoborate or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide).lithium perfluoro alkylsufonimide compound of formula (LiN(CaF2a+1SO2)(CbF2b+1SO2)).a, b = 1-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte additive comprises 5-20 pts. wt. lithium bis(oxalato)borate relative to 100 pts. wt. fluoroethylene carbonate. The electrolyte comprises 1-20 wt.% of fluoroethylene carbonate and 0.1-2 wt.% of lithium bis(oxalato)borate. The electrolyte additive is present in an amount of 5-15 wt.%. The electrolyte further includes organic solvent and lithium salt. The organic solvent comprises ester, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbon, alkoxyalkane, and/or carbonate solvents. The organic solvent is a high dielectric constant organic solvent including ethylene carbonate and/or propylene carbonate, and low-viscosity organic solvent including methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and/or diethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulator includes polyamide-imide resin and polyester-melamine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphoric acid solution is preferably 90 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The light transparent upper cover plate and the rear plate are glass plates. The light transparent upper cover plate is coated with low iron ultra-white pressure flower steel glass. The rear plate is coated with low iron ultra-white pressure flower steel glass or common toughened glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second polyolefin encapsulation layers are a thermosetting polyolefin packaging layer or thermoplastic polyolefin packaging layer. The end part sealing block is a butyl rubber or polyisobutylene rubber component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The built-in liquid system is provided with a head and a silicon rubber tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The handle is made of material of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The dye-sensitized solar cell has dye layer containing poly(triphenylamine-fluorenyl) dye, on semiconductor nano-titanium dioxide layer, light capturing layer, transparent substrate, electrolyte and electrode assembly.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The (4-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)-phenyl)-diphenylamine-type structural unit (I) is preferably chosen from repeating units of formula (II)-(V). Preferred Definitions:    a=thienyl or 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenyl;    acidic group=carboxy;and    electron-withdrawing group=cyano.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Water-insoluble polysiloxane compound is polydimethylsiloxane polymer with kinematic viscosity of 1000-10000 cSt, 12500-60000 cSt, 600000 cSt, or 1000000 cSt. Alkenyl succinimide compound is monoalkenyl succinimide, polyisobutylene succinimide, polyisobutylene bis succinimide, borated polyisobutylene succinimide, polyisobutylene polysuccinimide, or borated high quality polyisobutylene succinimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal compound is MC1x, ?(?O3)x, M is cadmium, copper, iron, nickel or cobalt, and x is 2 or 3. The reducing agent is sodium sulfide, potassium sulfide, thioacetamide or L-cysteine. The transition metal compound is cadmium chloride. The conductive substrate is a conductive glass or a metal copper, and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing solvent such as water, ethanol, water, or ethylenediamine of the mixed solution, and adhesive solution such as polyvinyl alcohol (mixed solution of PEG) and ethanol in an arbitrary mixing ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thickening agent is selected from one of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylic acid (PAA) or methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The indium compound in the indium compound-doped lithium cobaltate material is indium oxide, indium hydroxide and/or indium phosphide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The positive plate is prepared by mixing positive electrode material, acetylene black, conductive agent, tetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene difluoride binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive filler is chosen from carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, glassy carbon, carbon beads, and gold, silver, copper, nickel, aluminum, tungsten and their alloys, indium tin oxide, lithium-manganese complex oxide, vanadium pentoxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, potassium titanate, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide, and their complexes, titanium borate, titanium nitride, titanium silicide, zirconium silicide, niobium silicide, molybdenum disilicide, tantalum silicide and tungsten silicide, preferably nickel. The amount of electroconductive filler is 20-60 vol.% or 60-95 wt.% with respect to total amount of polymer positive temperature coefficient composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer material contains high-density polyethylene and amorphous polymer. The amorphous polymer is (meth)acrylic-type polymer, preferably polymethylmethacrylate. The mass ratio of crystalline polymer and an amorphous polymer in polymer positive temperature coefficient composition is 15:85-55:45, preferably 35:65.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The average thickness of brittle sheet is 200 mu m or less. The width of composite sheet is 100 mm or more. The thickness deviation in width direction of brittle sheet is 5 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hydrocarbon group contains perfluorocarbon group and group which consists of amide group, ester group and carbonate group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Pendant group has structure part of formulae -NHCO-(CF2)n-COOM1 and -NHCO-(CF2)m-SO3M2. Polymer has prim. amino or sec. amino group in a molecule. Principal chain has sugar chain structure. Polymer is arranged in location which contacts the electrolyte or positive electrode active material, or is taken in the electrolyte. Polymer exists in the surface of positive electrode active material. Electrolyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte.n,m=1-20; andM1,M2=H, metal or NH3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transformation prevention part is formed of elastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The electroconductivity of cooling fluid by long-term heat-resistant deterioration test in 5000 hours at 90 degrees C is 22.6 microsiemens/cm or less. The mass variation of metal sample by metal corrosive test at 88 degrees C for 336 hours is (-0.1)-0.1 mg/cm2. The pH value after metal corrosion test at 88 degrees C in 336 hours is 4.9-8. The variation of pH value by metal corrosive test is (-1)-(1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The back surface protective material has a honeycomb structure. The solar cell module further consists of an outer skin layer provided on both surfaces of the honeycomb structure. The outer skin layer is made from resin material containing filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The coating film further has a space (Y) around space (X) and having average size of less than 20 nm. Preferred Composition: Sintering is preferably carried out at 600 degrees C or more. The polymer emulsion particles (B) have core-shell structure, and contain hydrolysable silicon compound (b1) and a vinyl monomer (b2) having secondary and/or tertiary amide group as monomers. The mass ratio of hydrolysable silicon compound (b1-3) containing 3 or more of hydrolysable functional groups in core layer with respect to total amount of monomers (b1) and (b2) is 0.2 or more. The mass ratio of hydrolysable silicon compound (b1-3) containing 3 or more of hydrolysable functional groups in shell layer with respect to total amount of monomers (b1) and (b2) is more than 0.01 and less than 0.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The semiconductor substrate is made of silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid comprises an organic acid, such as oxalic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid. The carbonaceous material comprises sucrose, methyl cellulose, methylcarboxylmethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, starch, or styrene butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The elastomer further contains repeating units derived from 2-butene-1,4-dioic acid or its derivative, and optionally further contains repeat units derived from another alky (meth)acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Photoconductor: In the photoconductor (P1), the photoconductive layer is a layer containing, in one same layer, a charge generating agent, a hole transport agent, an electron transport agent and a binding resin, and the electron transport agent contains the azoquinone compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of the compound (I) involves: reacting compound of formula Ar'-CH(R4)-C(R3)=O with hydrazine monohydrate to obtain compound of formula Ar'-CH(R4)-C(R3)=N-NH2 which further reacting with substituted 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde compound of formula (II) to obtain compound (I). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds are disclosed as compound (I) i.e. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(((E)-styrylazo)-methylene)-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone of formula (Ia), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(((E)-2-phenyl-propenylazo)-methylene)-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-((1-methyl-2,2-diphenyl-vinylazo)-methylene)-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone and 2,6-dimethyl-4-(((E)-styrylazo)-methylene)-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone.    EXAMPLE - A solution resulting from dissolving (2-phenyl-eth-(E)-ylidene)-hydrazine in 20 ml of methanol, 2.34 g of phenyl-acetaldehyde (molecular weight 234.3) were stirred for 1 hour at 50 degrees C. Water was added to the reaction solution obtained through stirring, and the resulting reaction solution was extracted with chloroform. The solvent in the obtained chloroform layer was distilled-off. The obtained product was added to chloroform, and 3.2 g of silver oxide were added to the obtained chloroform solution of the product, followed by 30 minutes of stirring at room temperature. Thereafter, the obtained reaction solution was filtered, and the organic solvent in the obtained filtrate was distilled-off. The product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(((E)-styrylazo)-methylene)-cyclohexa-2,5-dienone (1.39 g, yield 40%, molecular weight 348.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imprint material contains 0.05-10 %mass acrylamide compound (A) with respect to sum total content of components (A and B). The imprint material further contains silicone compound (D), surfactant (E) and solvent (F). The component (B) preferably has 2 polymeric groups chosen from acryloyloxy group, methacryloyl group, vinyl group and allyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inhalable substance in aqueous solution comprises natural glycol constituted by 1,3-propandiol. The 1,3-propandiol is obtained through a biologic process starting from corn sugars.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The weight reduction after maintaining the electrolyte at 10 Torr and 150 degrees C for 1 hour is 1 %mass or less with respect to total mass of electrolyte. Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains a solvent having boiling point less than that of water, ionic liquid, a polymer and a dehydrating agent. The solvent is chosen from alcohol solvent, ketone solvent, ether solvent and hydrocarbon-based solvent, preferably chosen from methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The dehydrating agent is of formula: M(OR)x.M=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Al, Ga, In or Tl, preferably Si or Ge;R=1-4C alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl;andx=3 or 4.The moisture content of electrolyte is 50 mass ppm or less with respect to total content of electrolyte. The ionic liquid contains cations chosen from ammonium, phosphonium cation and sulfonium cation, and anions chosen from 27 anions e.g. tetrafluoroborate ion, tetrafluoroaluminate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, hexafluoroarsenate ion and chlorate ion. The cations are preferably chosen from 14 compounds e.g. N-ethyl-N-methylpiperidinium, N-methyl-N-propyl piperidinium, N-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium, N-hexyl-N-methylpiperidinium and N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium. The anions are preferably chosen from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The support panel is made of roll forming sheet metal steel, aluminum and glass. The cover is made of a glass sheet, convex glass, concave glass, plastic sheet and a fiber sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: Titanium dioxide is added to the nanocrystalline cellulose acetate ethanol solution, stirred to prepare a slurry, screen-printed on conductive glass electrode material, calcined at 500-550 degrees C for 1-4 hours, the electrode material is immersed in a dye solution and sensitized, to obtain an electrode material. The sensitized electrode material is immersed in mother liquor, a thin layer of the metal-organic framework material is grown on the electrode material, and the process is alternately repeated. The obtained electrode material is assembled with platinum counter electrode and liquid electrolyte solution, to form sandwiched structure of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline thin-film solar cell. Preferred Composition: The dye solution is obtained by dissolving N719 dye and D131 dye in ethanol solution. The mother liquor contains zinc nitrate and 2-methylimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The angle of friction (A) is 15 degrees or more. The angle of friction (B) is 15 degrees or more. The average particle diameter of the composite particles is 10 nm to 300 mu m. The average thickness of the coating layer is 5 nm to 50 mu m. Preferred Composition: The base material contains inorganic material or carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating particles contain epoxy resin or phenol resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The sum of perimeter length of negative electrode active material which exists in electrical power collector-side region is 60% or more with respect to the total amount of the negative electrode active material which exists in the negative mix layer. The negative electrode active material which exists in the electrical power collector-side region has average shape factor of 2.8-10. The negative electrode active material which exists in the surface-side region has average shape factor of 1-2.8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of binder (A) which exists in electrical power collector-region is 60% or more with respect to the total amount of the binder (A) which exists in the negative mix layer. The binder (B) comprises carboxymethylcellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The benzoimidazole compound (I') which is preferable of compound (I) is obtained using imidazole compound of formula (I") and imidazole compound of formula (I"'). Preferred Property: The compound (I) has mass mean molecular weight of 10000-1000000. Preferred Composition: The photoelectric-conversion layer further contains m-type semiconductor. Preferred Definitions:    Ar'=group containing thiophen ring;    Y'=cyano;and    X=sulfur atom.    EXAMPLE - 212 mg compounds (1-3), 102 mg compound (1-2), 6.2 mg tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium (0) chloroform adducts and 7.3 mg o-tolyl phosphines were mixed in a glass-made reaction container, and argon substitutes. 6 mL Toluene was added and reacted at 110 degrees C for 12 hours under argon atmosphere. The reaction solution was dried under reduced pressure after cooling, solid was filtered and crystallizing. The solid was dissolved in chloroform, filtered, and solvent was distilled off under pressure reduction. The concentrate was concentrated after purification with silica gel column chromatography, to obtain 136 mg polymer of benzoimidazole compound with yield of 79.2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: When the electroconductive paste contains glass frit, the electroconductive component is coated in the surface of the glass frit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of atomizing powder in main component powder is 50 wt.% or more. The atomizing powder comprises 0.005-0.03 wt.% calcium and magnesium. The electroconductive paste further comprises zinc oxide or zirconium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic device or solar cell is cadmium sulfide/cadmium-telluride solar cell, copper indium gallium diselenide solar cell, amorphous silicon solar cell, microcrystal silicon solar cell and crystalline-silicon solar cell. The photovoltaic module further contains refractive index adjustment liquid or optical adhesive agent (101) used in order to attach the wavelength conversion light emission medium to light-incidence surface of photovoltaic device or solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Property: The benzotriazole derivative has melting point of 50-200 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer matrix contains substance chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, amorphous polycarbonate, polystyrene, siloxane sol-gel, polyurethane and polyacrylate. The content of emitting dye in the polymer matrix is 0.01-10 wt.%. The wavelength conversion light emission medium is film having thickness of 0.1 mu m to 1 mm. Preferred Property: The polymer matrix material has refractive index of 1.4-1.7. EXAMPLE - 3.33 g 4,7-Dibromo-2-isobutyl-2H-benzotriazole, 5.5 g 4-octyloxy phenylboronic acid, 56 mg bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride and 4.15 g potassium carbonate were added, 40 mL dimethylformamide and 20 mL distilled water were added, stirred at 90 degrees C for 2 hours, precipitated, filter-separated, obtained deposit was dissolved using 50 mL ethyl acetate and 10 mL hexane, filter-separated, and obtained filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was heat-dissolved using 100 mL isopropanol, and recrystallized, to obtain 4.61 g 4,7-bis(4-octyloxy phenyl)-2-isobutyl-2H-benzotriazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal oxide is made of metal selected from a group consisting of magnesium, calcium, titanium, zirconium, iron, nickel, zinc, aluminum, and cerium, while the metal hydroxide is made of metal selected from a group consisting of magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and aluminum, and the metal complex of transition element is made of metal selected from a group consisting of titanium, zirconium, iron, and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The nanowires comprise a material selected from the group consisting of crystalline silicon, nickel silicide and carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The web materials are selected from the group consisting of copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, and steel.The electrochemically active electrode material station comprises lithium or amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second material comprises polymer binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The energy storage device further comprises an electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The current collector conductive carbon additive comprises graphene. The electrode conductive carbon additive comprises graphite, graphene and/or carbon nanotubes. The electrolyte comprises ionic liquid and zinc tetrafluoroborate. The ionic liquid comprises 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The electrode layer is printed with electrode conductive carbon additive at concentration of 0.5-5 wt.%, preferably 1.5-24 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polycarboxylic component comprises glutaric acid. The polyol component comprises ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The printed current collector layer comprises a polyester component formed from polycarboxylic component and polyol component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic particles are made of composite metal oxide, which is represented by lithium-lanthanum-yttrium-zirconium-oxygen, lithium-lanthanum-Neodymium-zirconium-oxygen, lithium-lanthanum-Samarium-zirconium-oxygen and lithium-lanthanum-Gadolinium-zirconium-oxygen. The lithium salt is Lithium hexafluorophosphate and Lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): 2,2'-Bithiophene is tetrabrominated by refluxing with bromine in a mixture of chloroform and acetic acid to obtain 3,5,3',5'-tetrabromo-2,2'-bithiophene (A). The obtained compound is debrominated with zinc to yield 3,3'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene. 3,3'-Dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene and n-butyl lithium are added to 3,3'-dibromo-2,2'-bithiophene, to obtain diacid. Condensation of diacid is carried out using acetic anhydride to yield the polymeric compound having bithiophene-3,3'dicarboximide-2,2'-diyl repeating units. Preferred Composition: The polymeric compound further comprises electron-rich conjugated repeating unit chosen from formulae (al)-(a3), each optionally substituted with 1-6 electron-donating groups, electron-poor conjugated repeating unit chosen from formulae (b1)-(b3) and polycyclic repeating unit comprising 1-6 electron-withdrawing groups, or electron-neutral conjugated repeating unit chosen from formulae (c1)-(c3). The polymeric compound comprising bithiophene-3,3'dicarboximide-2,2'-diyl repeating units is preferably of formulae: (IA-IH).T=O, S, NR2;T1,T2=N and CR3 in which at least one of T1 and T2 is N;T3 and T4=N and CR4, in which at least one of T3 and T4 is N;R2=H or electron-donating group;R3=electron-withdrawing group;R4=H or electron-donating group;m=1-6;R'1=1-20C alkyl;n=4-5000;M2=group chosen from 39 groups e.g. groups of formulae (i-v);R4=H, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C alkoxy;R5=1-10C alkyl;andR9=H, halo, 1-10C alkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, or 1-10C haloalkyl. Preferred Definitions:    R1=group chosen from 12 groups e.g. group of formulae (vi-x).    EXAMPLE - 12.6 g Diacid, 100 mL acetic anhydride were added, stirred for 6 hours, cooled to 0 degrees C. The resultant solid was filtered, washed with 20 mL cold acetic anhydride, and dried in vacuum at 120 degrees C, to obtain 98% yield light-yellow 2,2'-bithiophene-3,3'-dicarboxylic anhydride crystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The struts, heat sinks and the plates are made of steel and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The struts, heat sinks and the plates are made of PVC and fiberglass plastic composites.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The racks are constructed of an Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA) plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polyester layer is formed of polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fixture includes a light pipe that is made of clear polycarbonate material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The ceramic comprises Al2O3, MgO, TiO2, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, and/or Ti(OH)4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Battery: In the battery, the coating layer has a thickness of 1-10 mu m. The coating layer further comprises a heat-resistance resin comprising an aramid resin, a polyamideimide resin, and/or a polyimide resin. In the battery, the compound (I) is included in an amount of 1-15 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. of the non-aqueous organic solvent. Preferred Method: The heating and pressing are performed at 90-105 degrees C, at a pressure of 180-210 kgf. The heating and pressing are performed for 60-90 seconds. The compound (I) is mixed in an amount of 1-15 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. of the non-aqueous organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive further comprises fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, propane sultone, succinonitrile, and/or adiponitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous substrate comprises a polyolefin resin. The fluorine-based polymer comprises polyvinylidenefluoride (PVdF), and/or polyvinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) copolymer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound i.e. 1,3,5-tris-oxiranylmethyl-(1,3,5)triazinane-2,4,6-trione (Ia) is specified as (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pitch is chosen from petroleum pitch, coal tar pitch, A240 petroleum pitch and impregnation pitch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is a bulk crystalline silicon substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Another solid-state dopant source is formed using boron silicate glass (BSG) or phosphorus silicate glass (PSG).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A polysilicon layer is formed on the thin dielectric layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The layer of covering material includes a polymer film formed by low density polyethylene (LOPE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polydimethylsiloxane (POMS). The coating material comprises a polyurethane based material such as an aliphatic polyurethane. The layer of covering material is provided as a low-surface energy plastic or polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Mixing ratio (wt.%) 1st acid-modified polypropylene: 2nd acid-modified polypropylene is 80:20-20-80. The 1st acid-modified polypropylene and 2nd acid-modified polypropylene are crosslinked by imide bond. The 1st acid-modified polypropylene and 2nd acid-modified polypropylene are polypropylene in which acrylic acid ester and/or unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride is graft polymerized, propylene-ethylene copolymer, propylene-butene copolymer, propylene ethylene-butene copolymer, and/or propylene- alpha -olefin copolymer. Preferred Parameters: Film thickness of adhesive bond layer is 1-5 mu m. Film thickness of heat sealing resin layer is 20-90 mu m. Preferred Processes: Corrosion prevention process layer is formed by non-chromium-based process. After dry lamination at 20-100 degrees C, aging process is performed. Heat processing of laminated body formed by dry lamination is performed at temperature which is higher than melting temperature of adhesive bond layer and heat sealing resin layer. Laminated body is heated at 170-220 degrees C and cooled at less than or equal to 170 degrees C, which is lower than crystallization temperature of adhesive bond layer and heat sealing resin layer. After heat processing, aging process is performed at 20-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin board units are made of polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator is chosen from ammonium persulfate, potassium dichromate, potassium iodate, iron chloride, hydrogen peroxide, cerium sulfate, manganese dioxide and/or benzoyl peroxide. The concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.8-4 mol/L. The reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate or sodium borohydride. The molar ratio of reducing agent and graphene is 10-100:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The low-melting-point glass material preferably comprises 70-80 wt.% bismuth oxide, 10 wt.% silicon dioxide and 5-10 wt.% zinc oxide. The low-melting-point glass material further comprises 1-5 wt.% copper oxide, 1-5 wt.% iron oxide and 1-5 wt.% manganese dioxide. The content of low-melting-point glass material and filler is 70-80 wt.% and 20-30 wt.%, respectively. The glass frit mixture further comprises high-molecular carrier comprising binder and/or organic solvent. Preferred Properties: The glass frit mixture has thermal expansion coefficient of 30x 10-6 m/ degrees C-80x 10-6 m/ degrees C, and viscosity of 500-100000 cps. The glass powder has glass conversion temperature of 300-400 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Filler is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, beta -eucryptite, lithium-aluminum-silicate, cordierite, mullite and/or zircon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Organic solvent is chosen from butyl carbitol acetate, terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate and triglyme.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Binder is chosen from acrylic resin, ethyl cellulose and polyalkylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of quaternary ammonium chloride to hydrogen bond donor is 1:1-3, concentration of lithium salt electrolyte is 0.6-1 mol/l, and amount of PEG is 50-70 wt.%. The molar ratio of choline chloride to acetamide is 1:2. The total amount of electrolyte solution is 50 %mass. The amount of PEG-200 is 50 wt.%. Preferred Components: The quaternary ammonium chloride is n-butyl ammonium chloride, tetramethyl ammonium chloride, or choline chloride, preferably choline chloride. The hydrogen donor is urea, acetamide, or ethylene glycol, preferably urea and acetamide. The lithium salt electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, or lithium bis-(oxalato)borate, where concentration of lithium hexafluorophosphate is 0.6 mol/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide, lithium difluoromethanesulfonate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium chloride and lithium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic solvent is the ring-shaped (cyclic) carbonate. The carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, methylethylcarbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylenecarbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate and butylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass oil is a soybean oil (preferred), a castor oil, a sunflower oil, a corn oil, an avocado oil, an olive oil, a grape seed oil, a sesame oil, a nut oil, a coconut oil, a jojoba oil, or squalane oil. The curing agent comprises an amine compound, an ammonium compound, and a mercaptan compound. The amount of CTBN or CTBNX is 15-30 wt.%, preferably 20-25 wt.%. The monoamine is a polyether monoamine, and an aliphatic primary monoamine having a structure of formula (H3C-(O-CH2-CH2)x-O-(CH2-CH(CH3))y-NH2) (I).x, y = 5-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive composition: has a molecular weight of 3000-3800, an adhesive strength of 170 Kg/cm2 or more, and a hardness of 60 or more; and comprises a silica or talc in an amount of 10-50 wt.%. Preferred Components: A content of acrylonitrile in the CTBN or CTBNX is 10-26%. A weight ratio of the monoamine adduct within the epoxide and the monoamine adduct derived from CTBN and CTBNX is 1:5-20:1, preferably 1:2-10:1. The CTBN adduct or the CTBNX adduct comprises, in addition to monoamine adduct, bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, bisphenol S epoxy resin, hexahydro-bisphenol A epoxy, tetramethyl bisphenol A epoxy, hydroquinone epoxy resin, catechol epoxy resin, resorcinol epoxy resin, cresol epoxy resin, tetrabromobisphenol A epoxy resin, benzophenone epoxy resin, bisphenol-hexafluoroacetone, tetramethyl bisphenol A epoxy resin, tetramethyl bisphenol F epoxy resin, tris(hydroxyphenyl) methane epoxy resin, and cresol epoxy resin. A ratio of the epoxide resin and the curing agent is 2:1-1:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of copper-indium sulfide powder is preferably 20 mg/mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle size of superfine silver powder is 0.2-2 mu m. The particle size of vanadium dioxide superfine powder and niobium(III) oxide superfine powder is less than 5 mu m, respectively. Preferred Composition: The glass binder contains 45-50 %mass bismuth(III) oxide, 25-30 %mass zinc oxide, 2-5 %mass alumina, 20-25 %mass boron(III) oxide, 1-5 %mass silica, 1-5 %mass calcium oxide and 1-5 %mass titanium dioxide. The rare-earth powder is cerium, europium or gadolinium powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is diethyl ether or butyl acetate. The thinner is terpineol or petroleum ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The organic binder is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.3-0.8 pt. wt. ethyl cellulose, 0.5-1 pt. wt. terpineol, 0.3-0.6 pt. wt. vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride resin and 0.3-0.7 pt. wt. phenolic resin, adding 8-9 pts. wt. solvent, heating at 95-120 degrees C and stirring uniformly.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The usage amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid is 50 mL, 200 mL, 500 mL, 5000 mL or 1000 mL. The usage amount of deionized water is 40 mL, 120 mL, 400 mL, 4000 mL or 750 mL. The usage amount of metal ion salt is 75 mg, 177.5 mg, 750 mg, 7500 mg or 1500 mg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The usage amount of carbon nanotubes having hydroxyl group is 0.4 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 40 mg, or 8 mg. The usage amount of acetone is 60 mL, 30 mL, 500 mL, 5000 mL or 100 mL. The usage amount of maleic anhydride is 0.8 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg, 80 mg or 16 mg. The usage amount of modified carbon nanotubes is 0.127 g, 0.635 g, 1.27 g, 12.7 g or 2.54 g. The usage amount of anhydrous toluene solution is 30 mL, 150 mL, 300 mL, 3000 mL or 500 mL. The usage amount of azobisisobutyronitrile is 80 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, 8000 mg or 1500 mg. The usage amount of styrene is 3.82 g, 19.1 g, 38.2 g, 382 g or 76.4 g. The usage amount of sodium citrate is 7.2 mg, 36.2 mg, 72.5 mg, 725 g or 145 mg. The usage amount of hexamethylenetetramine is 35.5 mg, 177.5 mg, 355 mg, 3550 mg or 750 mg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The usage amount of polystyrene-modified carbon nanotube layer is 30 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg, 3000 mg or 600 mg. The usage amount of sulfonated polystyrene modified carbon nanotubes is 5 mg, 15 mg, 50 mg, 500 mg or 100 mg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic onium compound with respect to titanium oxide particles is 0.1-10 %mass. The concentration of titanium oxide contained in polymer layer is 5-30 vol.%. The inorganic onium compound is ammonium salt, nitronium salt or nitrosonium salt. The onium compound is dibasic ammonium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder is acrylic resin or polyolefin resin. The polymer layer further comprises crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent is oxazoline-type crosslinking agent. The content of crosslinking agent with respect to binder is 1-50 %mass. The base film is polyester film. Preferred Properties: The thickness of polymer layer is 0.5-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Binder is polyolefin. Crosslinking agent is oxazoline type crosslinking agent. Support body is polyester film which has average carboxylic acid value (AV) of less than or equal to 22 eq/tons.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is polyester. Preferred Property: The apparent specific gravity of film is 0.7-1.2 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The panel comprises a wall that is made of polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filler is chosen from calcium carbonate, talc, titanium oxide, and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing composition further contains more than 30 parts mass tackifier containing coumarone type-resin having softening point of 90-140 degrees C, and 0.1-100 parts mass filler with respect to 100 parts mass total content of the rubber component and the polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is chosen from calcium carbonate, talc, titanium oxide, and carbon black. The composition further contains tackifier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The rubber component contains butyl rubber. The sealing composition further contains filler, and softener. The softener contains low molecular-weight polyisobutylene having viscosity average molecular weight of 300000 or less. The mixture ratio of the softener is 1-30 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass rubber component and polyolefin. The mixture ratio of the filler is 0.1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass rubber component and polyolefin. The tackifier contains the coumarone type-resin having softening point of 90-140 degrees C. The mixture ratio of the tackifier is 1-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass rubber component and polyolefin. Preferred Properties: The rubber component contains butyl rubber and high molecular weight polyisobutylene having viscosity average molecular weight of 300000 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The (meth)acrylate is chosen from methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate and butyl (meth)acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The heat of fusion of modified polyolefin contained in adhesive layer (4) is 60 J/g or less. The total average film thickness of the adhesive layers (4, 6) is 0.05-15 mu m. The heat of fusion of olefin resin contained in adhesive layer (6) is 30 J/g or more. Preferred Composition: The olefin resin contained in adhesive layer (6) is polyethylene, preferably chosen from ethylene, (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride, glycidyl (meth)acrylate and vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Process: The adhesive layers are formed by coating and surface treating the support component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-insoluble inorganic compound contains silica compound, silica alumina compound, aluminum compound, calcium compound, nitride and coal ash. The water-insoluble inorganic compound is phyllosilicate mineral. The phyllosilicate mineral is non-swelling clay mineral chosen from talc, kaolin, pyrophyllite and non-swelling mica. The heat-transfer layer comprises metal film chosen from aluminum film or copper film. Preferred Property: The heat-transfer layer has thickness of 10-1000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersion medium of dispersion liquid is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, and sulfolane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-resistant synthetic resin is polyimide resin or polyamidoimide resin. The substrate used during manufacture of thermal radiation film is chosen from glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, polyethylene and polypropylene. Preferred Properties: The thermal radiation layer has thickness of 20-100 mu m. The mandrel diameter at the time of crack arising in thermal radiation layer is 10 mm or less. The thermal radiation film has water-vapor permeability at 40 degrees C in 90 %RH humidity environment of less than 0.01 g/m2.day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The component which has epoxy group is copolymer formed by copolymerizing ethylene and glycidyl (meth)acrylate. The polyamide-type resin is polyamide 9T, polyamide 11, or polyamide 12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic peroxide (B) is dialkyl peroxide or peroxy carbonate. The silane coupling agent is silane coupling agent having vinyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ionizing radiation-hardenable resin composition is formed using composition containing ionizing radiation polymerizable oligomer and reactive silicone acrylate, in which ionizing radiation polymerizable oligomer is mixture containing 40-80 %mass urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer having 2 or more radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in 1 molecule and 20-60 %mass aliphatic urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer having 3-15 radically polymerizable unsaturated groups in 1 molecule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lower alcohol is 1-4C aliphatic alcohol or polyhydric alcohol. The lower alcohol is at least one chosen from ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. Preferred Composition: The area ratio of the pore observed with cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image is 25 to 50%. The EW of the proton conductor is 450-900. Preferred Method: The method involves coating the catalyst slurry to gas diffusion layer before freezing the water content. Preferred Method: The method involves installing catalyst slurry on gas diffusion layer on the unit comprising high thermal conductivity and highly-corrosion-resistant material, where the high thermal conductivity and highly-corrosion-resistant material are chosen from stainless plate steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy material, titanium, and titanium-alloy material. The method involves sublimating the ice in the catalyst slurry on gas diffusion layer on unit comprising high heat capacitance using vacuum chamber, where the high heat capacitance is stainless plate steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy material, titanium, or titanium-alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal wiring contains molybdenum, silver, copper, aluminum and/or carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photosensitive resin composition further contains radically-polymerizable compound, photoinitiator, and silane compound having substituent chosen from amino group, amide group, ureido group, ketimine group, isocyanate group, mercapto group, isocyanuric ring skeleton, (meth)acryl group, and styryl group. The radically-polymerizable compound contains polyfunctional radically-polymerizable compound and trifunctional or tetrafunctional radically-polymerizable compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The alkali-soluble resin is alkali-soluble resin which does not have an epoxy group. The alkali-soluble resin is chosen from acrylic resin and polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The packaging component is a laminate film containing aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous binder is a rubber-type binder chosen from styrene butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, methacrylic acid methyl-butadiene rubber and methacrylic acid methyl rubber, preferably styrene butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nanocarbon materials are carbon nanotubes. Preferred Property: The ratio of standard deviation (~s) of diameter with respect to average diameter (Av) of the carbon nanotubes satisfies the relation: 0.6 greater than 3 (~s)/Av greater than 0.2 (I). Preferred Definitions:    X-= iodide ion;and    A+= group having imidazolium ring structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymerization inhibitor is aromatic sulfonate, quinone compound, or polyether, polycyclic aromatic ether, chain-shaped ether and/or cyclic ether. The quinone compound is chosen from benzoquinone, hydroquinone, and/or its derivatives in which hydrogen of benzene ring is optionally substituted by non-hydrogen. The addition amount of polymerization inhibitor with respect to electrolyte solution is 0.1-1 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The low-surface-energy material contains fluorinated polymer having repeating units of formulae (I)-(III), and fluoride oligomer of formula: X-Mfn-Mhm-Mar-(G)p (IV).a,m,n=0-10000000;b=1-10 million;Q1=-(OC(R1)(R2)-C(R3)(R4))c-(OCF2CF2)d-R5, -COOH or -O-Rf-R6;R1-R4=-F, -CF3, -CHF2 or -CH2F;c,d,r,s,t,x,y=0-20;Rf=-(CF2)z- or -(CF2CF2O)z-CF2CF2-;z=1-50;z=1-50;R5,R6,Y'=-SO3M, -PO3M2 or -CO2Mgt;M=Na+, K+, Li+, H+, CH3(CH2)wNH3+, NH4+, NH2+, NHSO2CF3+, CHO+, C2H5OH+, CH3OH+, or CH3(CH2)wCHO+;w=0-50;Q2=H, optionally substituted 5-60C aryl, or -COOH;Q3=H or optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl;Q4=-O-(CF2)r-SO3M, -O-(CF2)r-PO3M2, -O-(CF2)r-CO2M, or -CO-NH-(CH2)s-(CF2)t-CF3;X=end-groups;Mf=1-20C alkylene or fluorinated unit derived from fluorinated monomer;Mh=unit derived from non-fluorinated monomer;Ma=unit having group of formula: -Si(Y4)(Y5)(Y6);Y4-Y6=halo, optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl or optionally substituted 6-30C aryl;G=residue of chain transfer agent having organic group;andp=0-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method involves producing silicone resin in sunlight area.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic powder is chosen from silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide-boron carbide, bismuth oxide, calcium oxide, ceria, iron oxide, silicon oxide, carbon nanotube, carbon black, graphite and graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white master batch comprises titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide and copper sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermally conductive masterbatch comprises 50-60 wt.% ceramic powder and 40-50 wt.% polymer resin. The polymer resin is chosen from linear low density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and/or metallocene polyethylene. The secondary resin layer contains polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polymethylmethacrylate and polyethylene naphthalene, and has thickness of 175-200 mu m. The fluorine resin layer is made of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, fluoroethylene vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoro propylene and vinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The continuous strand reinforcing hoop is made of high strength steel material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary, secondary and tertiary materials comprise mercury cadmium telluride, mercury zinc telluride, indium antimonide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, gallium arsenide, lead telluride and polymer material system. The perpetual thermal energy harvester further comprises antireflective coating (110) on the surface of substrate and insulator layer. The antireflective coating comprises layer containing nanocrystals or photonic crystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The absorber layer is made of silicon. The base layer is made of silicon and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cell comprises a cathode layer made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transport layer comprises Poly 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT):Poly styrene Sulfonic Acid (PSS). The photoactive layer comprises poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The bulk heterojunction comprises poly((4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithiene(3,2-b:2',3'-d)silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benz-othiadiazole)-5,5'-diyl) (Si-PCPDTBT):PCBM.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Thickness of polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-EVA-PET.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The box is made of foam material i.e. polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The universal serial bus (USB) data ports are provided to print data directly from a USB memory.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves washing the spent targets with deionized water, and drying the spent targets, where the spent targets comprise the photovoltaic compound and a backing material. The method further involves removing the photovoltaic compound from the backing material. The method of removing the photovoltaic compound from the backing material is performed by melting indium. The method further involves removing any remaining indium from the photovoltaic compound using hydrochloric acid. The method further involves forming a new sputtering target from the powder. The method further involves combining the powder with additional photovoltaic compound. The new target is formed by pressing. The method further involves assessing the composition of the powder, and adding one or more individual elements to the powder to correct the composition of the new sputtering target.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spent targets comprise an indium layer bonding the photovoltaic compound to the backing material. The spent target is a pressed target. The photovoltaic compound is (i) copper indium gallium (di)selenide, or (ii) copper-zinc-tin-selenide, copper gallium selenide, or copper indium (di)selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper housing is made of polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anodic material comprises lithium titanium oxide, tin, tin oxide, tin alloys, selenium, silicon, silicon carbide, silicon oxide, silicon alloys, antimony, intermetallic compounds, an antimony alloy, a composite tin alloy, natural graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon black, petroleum coke, artificial graphite, graphitized mesocarbon microbeads, graphite fibers, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, or amorphous carbon. The poly(arylene oxide) is present in an amount of 0.1-30 wt.%. The cathode is a non-lithiated cathode comprising a non-lithiated cathodic material. The non-lithiated cathodic material comprises manganese dioxide, vanadium(V) oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide, sulfur, iron(III) fluoride, and iron(II) fluoride. Preferred Method: The method further comprises activating the electroactive material chemically, physically, or thermally. The activating step comprises: compressing the electroactive material to achieve at least 10% reduction in the thickness of the electroactive material; heating the electrode at a temperature of 100-220 degrees C for 5-120 minutes; and contacting the electroactive material with a non-aqueous electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The poly(arylene oxide) comprises a 1-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-4-methyl-benzene compound of formula (I)-(III).R1, R7 = alkyl;R2, R5 = H or alkyl;R3 = SO3X or C(O)OY1;R4 = CH2R6;R6 = H, OC(O)R7, CN or SO3X;X = Li, Na, K or CH3;Y1 = C(O)R7, alkyl, Li, Na, or K;R8 = SO3X or C(O)OY1; andW1 = H, CN or OC(O)R7. Preferred Definitions:    W1 = H, CN, OC(O)CH3, OC(O)CH2CH3, OC(O)CH2CH2CH3, OC(O)CH(CH3)2 or OC(O)CH2CH2CH2CH3.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: Preparation of polymer (I) involves reacting substituted perylene bisimide of formula (II) with 1,4-divinylbenzene-borane of formula (III) in the presence of a transition metal-containing catalyst.R11=F, Cl, Br I, At;R12 and R13=linking group(preferably 2-6C alkyl or 2-6C alkylene, especially 2,3-dimethylbutane).The polymer is modified with a dopant so as to enhance its n-type properties. Preferred Definitions:    R1 and R2=2-ethylhexyl, 2-octyldodecyl or 2-decyltetradecyl;    R3-R10=H;    n=2-20.    EXAMPLE - A mixture of 3.8 mg of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh3)4), 3.79 ml of 2.0M aqueous sodium carbonate, 30 mg of 1,4-bis((E)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)vinyl)benzene and 96 mg of 5,12-dibromo-2,9-bis-(2-decyl-tetradecyl)anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone was stirred in 6.28 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 90 degrees C under an argon atmosphere. The reaction proceeded for 24 hours, at which point additional 8 mg of Pd(PPh3)4 and argon sparged 5 ml of THF were added. The reaction was continued for another 24 hours. After cooling to room temperature the mixture was combined with 100 ml of water and then purified by Soxhlet extraction using methanol, hexanes and THF to obtain dark purple solid (60%) of corresponding copolymer having molecular weight 9.9 kDa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal oxide is a semiconducting oxide. The metal oxide is copper oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, or gallium oxide. The metal dopant is present in the copper oxide at 1-10 at.%. The metal dopant occupies copper lattice sites, and comprises silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymeric substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyacrylate, polyimide, and/or preferably polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrically conductive layer(s) includes a metal such as aluminum, copper, nickel, gold, stainless steel or of a metal alloy of one of aluminum, copper, nickel, gold, or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base body comprises a plastic including polymers, thermoplastics, polyamide, polyethylene, or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flexible pyrotechnic heat source is a non-conductive pyrotechnic material including zirconium/barium chromate paper; or a conductive pyrotechnic material including iron/potassium perchlorate/polymer, or mixtures of nickel/zirconium/potassium perchlorate/polymer. The cathode material comprises an active material including iron (II) disulfide, iron sulfide, nickel sulfide, or cobalt sulfide; a catholyte comprising a salt capable of melting at an operating temperature of the thermal battery; and a polymeric binder that does not generate a deleterious reaction at the operating temperature of the thermal battery. The separator material comprises a salt capable of melting at an operating temperature of the thermal battery; an inorganic material capable of immobilizing the molten salt; and a polymeric binder that does not generate a deleterious reaction at the operating temperature of the thermal battery. The inorganic material is magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide. The anode material comprises an active material including lithium-sulfur or lithium-aluminum; an anolyte comprising a salt capable of melting at an operating temperature of the thermal battery; and a polymeric binder that does not generate a deleterious reaction at the operating temperature of the thermal battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The binder coating comprises polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PVDF copolymer, and acrylic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The feed-through insulation comprises polypropylene. The insulation layer comprises ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The matrix polymer comprises polystyrene and/or polyacrylate repeat units. The polyacrylate comprises polymethacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, poly ethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate. The matrix polymer comprises comprises polyesters, polycarbonates, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(styreneco-methyl methacrylate), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile), poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene-co-acrylonitrile), copolymers of styrene, acrylonitrile, (meth)acrylic acids, and (meth)acrylates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheeting materials are made of polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of silver in aqueous mixed solution is 1.17-1.53 mol/L. The protective atmosphere is nitrogen, argon and/or helium. Preferred Process: The method further involves performing leaching using mixture containing ethanol and hydrochloric acid in the mass ratio of 50:1-80:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of silver nitrate and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:0.4-0.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticle is barium titanate nano-particle, strontium titanate nanoparticle, zirconium titanate nanoparticle, poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanoparticle, polyimide nanoparticle, polyethylene nanoparticle or polystyrene nanoparticle. The substrate is tin indium oxide, aluminum sheet or steel sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating step involves: heating the composite thin film at 180-200 degrees C for 60-80 minutes. Preferred Components: The first and second organic solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, methanol or n-butanol. The oxidant is ferric chloride or para-toluenesulfonic acid. The monomer is 3,4-ethylene dioxy thiophene or thiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dielectric polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, polyethylene or polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The input interface is an USB interface. The charging wire is a MicroUSB input connector and/or lightning input interface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rubber sleeve is a silicon rubber sleeve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The floating body fixing device is made of polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises copolymerizing perylene imide, di-((4-bromo-thienyl)-phenyl pyridine)- beta -heptanedione iridium complex as monomer and 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-di-octyl boronic acid pinacol ester under the protection of inert gas using a solvent including toluene and a base such as tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution in the presence of catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) at a temperature of 90-110 degrees C for 4 days. Preferred Components: The di-((4-bromo-thienyl)phenyl pyridine)- beta -heptanedione iridium complex is present in an amount of 1-10% of the total mole number of the reactive monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The porogenic agent can be chitosan or aluminum acetylacetonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The porogenic agent is polystyrene. It has particle size of 100-300 nm. The fluorosilane compound is 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl trimethoxysilane or 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymer is a liquid flowable gum, preferably chloroprene polymer, and polyurethane acrylate. The barrier film is made of a glass fiber cloth, polypropylene layer, polyethylene terephthalate layer or an aluminum foil polyethylene layer, where polyethylene layer and the core material are directly made in contact with each other.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass powder is bismuth glass powder. The aluminum-silicon alloy powder is silicon content.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is terpineol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetic acid, alcohol ester dodecyl, benzyl alcohol, tributyl citrate and/or divalent acid ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The organic carrier is polymer dissolved in the organic solvent to form uniform transparent organic carrier, and the polymer is selected from ethyl cellulose, modified rosin ester, rosin modified phenolic resin, alkyl resin and/or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction temperature is the boiling point of the organic solvent by subtracting the temperature to 1-5 degrees C. Preferred Components: The concentration of the solution-A is 0.005-0.25 mole/l. The ratio of the zinc ions in the solution-A and hydroxide ions in the solution-B is 1:1.3-1:2.5. The amount of the polyethylene glycol is 5 g and the zinc salt is 40 g, and the molar ratio of the polyethylene glycol and the zinc salt is 2:2. The atoms of the hydroxyl group of the polyethylene glycol in the surface of the zinc oxide forms a hydrogen bond. The zinc oxide composite material is present in an amount of 10-42 vol.% in the active layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The filter is made of stainless steel material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The first plug connector is provided with a second plug connector i.e. micro-USB, and a third plug connector i.e. USB.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises adding (4,8-bis(2-thienyl)-6-trimethylstannyl-thieno(2,3-f)benzothiophen-2-yl)-trimethyl-stannane compound of formula (II) and 4,7-bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole (III) into organic solvent under anaerobic condition and carrying out Stille coupling reaction in the presence of a catalyst at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, where the mole ratio of (II) and (III) is 1:1-1:1.2 and the catalyst is organic palladium or organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at temperature of 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The method further comprises separating and purifying (II) and (III), filtering the mixture using filter, washing the mixture with methanol and n-hexane to obtain precipitate, then extracting with chloroform, and collecting and evaporating the chloroform solution. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate or tris dibenzylideneacetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphinetri-o-tolyl phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2' 6'-dimethoxy-1 1'-biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of catalyst and (II) is 1:20-1:100. The mole ratio of donor material and receptor material is 1:2-1:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The concentration of sodium carbonate is 7.2 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The soaking step is carried out for 38 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic adhesive comprises 5-15 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 3-10 pts. wt. aluminum trioxide, 5-25 pts. wt. zirconium dioxide, 10-40 pts. wt. zinc peroxide, 10-50 pts. wt. bismuth oxide, 10-30 pts. wt. barium oxide, 0-10 pts. wt. calcium oxide and 0-6 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible transparent substrate is made from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate or polyimide. The transparent stamping glue layer is made from thermoplastic, thermoset or UV curing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert gas is nitrogen, argon or helium. The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is selected from lithium carbonate, lithium chloride, lithium acetate, lithium oxalate, lithium formate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium citrate and/or lithium lactate. The inert gas is argon or nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The inner surface of the tubular collector comprises concave part or protruding part for turbulent flow of medium. The concave part or protruding part extends helically along the tubular collector to change the direction of the length of the shaft.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer composition comprises 8-12 wt.% talc; 1.5-3 wt.% carbon black; and more than 75 wt.% polyethylene. The average length-width ratio of talc is more than 1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Aryl-fluorenyl monomer is of formula (I).X=bromine, iodine, and other halo atom; andA=aromatic hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method for preparing conversion composite material comprises (a) dissolving inorganic matrix and rare earth metal oxides in an inorganic acid at 60 degrees C to obtain a primary mixture; (b) adding a mixture of dispersing agents to a primary mixture to obtain a secondary mixture; (c) then adjusting the pH to 2-3 of secondary mixture by adding a citric acid to obtain a sol; (d) drying and sintering the sol to obtain a dried gel, where the dispersing agent is methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and/or polypropylene glycol. In step (d) the sol is dried at 80 degrees C in an water bath to obtain a wet gel; then placing a wet gel in an oven at 80-100 degrees C to obtain a dry gel. The method is carried out for 30-90 minutes. Preferred Components: The volume ratio of suspension and tetraethyl orthosilicate is 2:1-3:1. The composite conversion material comprises a core and a shell layer covering the outer surface of the core. The core material comprises inorganic matrix substrate, doped ions and active ionic sensitizers. The outer shell layer is made of silicon dioxide. The oxygen atoms of the outer shell are covalently bonded to the composite material. The thickness of the shell layer is 20-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The fuel cell system ion exchanger further comprises an excessive fluid discharge pipe provided at the air container, for discharging at least the air from inside of the apparatus body. It comprises a water supply seal valve provided at the water supply port, for connecting a water supply pipe detachably; and a water discharge seal valve provided at the water discharge port, for connecting a water discharge pipe detachably, where directions in which pipes are detached respectively from the water supply seal valve and the water discharge seal valve are same, and directions in which the pipes are connected respectively to the water supply seal valve and the water discharge seal valve are same.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal anode material is selected from silver, aluminum and/or copper with thickness of 100-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light active material comprises poly (3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) as donar material and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester as receptor material to mass ratio of 1:20-5:1 with thickness of 50-300 nm. The cathode buffering layer material is selected from triple phase boundary (TPB)-1, bathocuproine (BCP), bathophenanthroline (Bphen), 8- tris-hydroxyquinoline, zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide with thickness of 20 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate material is selected from glass or transparent polymer, where the transparent polymer material is polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyimide and/or vinyl chloride-acetate resin or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The plies of dry reinforcing material are glass fabric plies.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The battery includes sulfides or sulfates of copper and/or lead.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery includes polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoactive layer comprises a mixture of poly-3-hexylthiophene and phenyl-C61-butyric acid-methyl ester as hydrophobic compounds. The organic solvent is chosen from a group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 -propanediol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and glycerol. The process enables utilizing adhesion promoter additive that is chosen from group consisting of acetone, xylene, styrene, anisole, toluene, nitrobenzene, benzene, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran and chloronaphthalene arid chlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic desiccant is natural zeolite, artificial zeolite, or synthetic zeolite, preferably zeolite. The inorganic desiccant has a moisture-absorption amount of 15 wt.% or more at 25 degrees C, 1 atm and 20% relative humidity. The content of desiccant in the moisture-absorption layer is greater than 30 wt.% and 80 wt.% or less. The barrier layer contains an aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inner and outer skin layers and the binder resin contain low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, chlorinated polypropylene, saturated polyester, ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ionomer, carboxylic-acid-modified polyethylene, carboxylic-acid-modified polypropylene, carboxylic-acid-modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, PVC, polystyrene, and/or their derivatives. The binder resin is preferably low-density polyethylene. The sealing resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The barrier film is polyethylene terephthalate film. Preferred Properties: The binder resin has a melt flow rate of 10 g/10 minutes or more at 190 degrees C under 2.16 kg load as measured by JIS K7210. The skin layer has a film thickness of 5-190 mu m and the moisture-absorption layer has a film thickness of 10-190 mu m, preferably 30-100 mu m. The inner and outer skin layers are polypropylene films of thickness 5-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous binder is at least 1 rubber type binder chosen from styrene butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, methyl methacrylate-butadiene rubber and methyl methacrylate rubber, preferably styrene-butadiene rubber. The mass ratio of aqueous binder in the anode active material layer is 2-4 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The electric power-generating element is sealed with an exterior component containing aluminum. Preferred Properties: The ratio of battery area with respect to rated capacity is 5 cm2/Ah or more. The aspect ratio of rectangular-shaped positive electrode active material layer is 1-3. The rated capacity of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is 3 or more Ah. The separator has air permeability of 200 seconds/100 cc or less, and porosity of 40-65%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous binder contains rubber-type binder(s) chosen from styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, methacrylic acid methyl-butadiene rubber and methacrylic acid methyl rubber, preferably styrene butadiene rubber. Preferred Property: The length of short side of rectangular-shaped negative electrode active material layer is 100 mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic compound is polypropylene glycol monoalkylether. The surfactant is of formula (I). The water-based emulsion does not contain metal.X=-SO3M;M=H or NH4;n=1-3;andm=1-100.Preferred Properties: The average particle size of mutual attachment inhibiting agent is 0.01-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratios (MOH/MLi) of the number-of-moles (MOH) of the vinyl alcohol unit included in the vinylbutyral type polymer component with respect to the number-of-moles (MLi) of a lithium atom are 0.1-0.8. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An inorganic oxide vapor deposition layer (4) is formed on the surface of the base material layer. The inorganic oxide vapor deposition layer is silicon oxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyisocyanate is a mixture of xylylene diisocyanate modified products and/or hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate modified products. The xylylene diisocyanate modified products and/or hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate modified products are adduct component. The fluorine resin layer contains ultraviolet absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: A transparent support film (5) is formed on the back surface of the base material layer. The inorganic oxide vapor deposition layer is formed in the transparent support film (5). The transparent support film (7) is further laminated on the back surface of the transparent support film (5). The base material layer, transparent support film (5) and transparent support film (7) are polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. The hydroxyl value of fluorine resin layer is 20-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the base material layer is 10-1000 mu m. The thickness of the transparent support film (7) is 150-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The all-solid-type solar cell further has n-type semiconductor layer on the p-type semiconductor layer, lower electrode at bottom of n-type semiconductor layer, and upper electrode on the p-type semiconductor layer. Preferred Process: The p-type-semiconductor layer is produced by coating and drying solution containing modified carbon nanotube by wet method, and coating and drying solution containing p-type organic-semiconductor polymer by wet method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The modified carbon nanotube is acid-modified carbon nanotube and/or catechin-modified carbon nanotube. The n-type-semiconductor layer is semiconductor layer containing inorganic material, preferably n-type crystalline silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of modified carbon nanotube is 0.01-100 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. p-type organic semiconductor polymer. The p-type organic semiconductor polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The oxalic-acid glycol ester or its low polymerization degree oligomer has 2% or more alkyl group at the terminal(s). The oligomer is of formula: X1O-(C(O)C(O)ORO)n-C(O)C(O)OX2 or H-(OC2H4OC(O)C(O))n'-(OC2H4)mOH.R=2-4C alkylene;X1,X2=4C or less alkyl or -ROH;n=0 or more;n'=2-4;andm=2-7.When both X1 and X2 are alkyl, n is 1 or more. Preferred Properties: The film has terminal carboxyl group equivalence number of 12 eq/ton or less and intrinsic viscosity of 0.5-0.7 dl/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The 1-hour half life temperature of organic peroxide is 150 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Polyolefin is chosen from low-density polyethylene and linear-low-density polyethylene. The content rate of structural unit derived from vinyl acetate of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-40 %mass. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt flow rate of 10-100 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2160 g, measured based on JIS K7210-1999.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The main solvent is methyl isobutyl ketone and/or cyclohexanone. The auxiliary solvent is isopropyl alcohol. The solvent further comprises quick-drying solvent having evaporating rate of 6 or more, when butyl acetate is made into reference value of 1. The quick-drying solvent has solubility parameter of 19.2 or less. The content of quick-drying solvent with respect to 100 parts mass of solvent is 50 parts mass or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The secondary resin main component is acrylic resin. The secondary resin main component is a mixed resin of acrylic resin and fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A hexene-ethylene copolymer is graft-modified by maleic anhydride, to obtain maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin. An octene-ethylene copolymer is graft-modified by maleic anhydride, to obtain maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin. Preferred Composition: The content of 1-hexene in the hexene-ethylene copolymer is 14-20 wt.%. The content of 1-octene in the octene-ethylene copolymer is 17-24 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent has boiling point of 180-280 degrees C. The solubility parameter of organic solvent is 8-11 (cal/cm3)0.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: (Meth)acrylate-type resin (A) includes 10-50 %mass structural unit derived from alkyl acrylate having 1-3C alkyl group. The absolute value of difference between the solubility parameter of (meth)acrylate-type resin (A) and solubility parameter of (meth)acrylate-type resin (B) is 0.1-1 (cal/cm3)0.5. The resin composition comprises polymer partial structure in which (meth)acrylate-type resin (A) and (meth)acrylate-type resin (B) are bonded together. Preferred Process: The manufacture of paste composition further involves preparing resin composition by mixing (meth)acrylate-type resin (A) and (meth)acrylate-type resin (B) in presence of organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid in the acid component is 60/40-40/60.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The amount of terminal hydroxyl group in the co-polyester resin is 5-30 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester film has two or more reactive functional groups. The reactive functional group is hydroxyalkyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating comprises infrared-reflective transparent metal oxide, indium tin oxide, antimony tin oxide and/or fluorine tin oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, nanoscale particles, preferably doped tin oxide, fluorine-, indium- and/or antimony-doped tin oxide particles. The thickness of the coating is 20-500 nm, preferably 90-200 nm. The coating exhibits a transparency of greater than 90%. The porosity of the coating is 40-90%, preferably 65-85%. The solution comprises porosity inducing component having a molecular weight of 5000-50000 Da. Preferred Method: The coating is applied in the sol-gel process from solution by spinning. At least one porosity component is present during at least a part of the sol-gel process, and is removed and / or destroyed after completion of sol-gel process. The sol-gel process is carried out in two stages comprising a first tempering step at 100 degrees C and a second annealing step above 250 degrees C. The porosity polymeric organic component is removed and/or destroyed through the second tempering step at temperatures above 250 degrees C from the coating. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate layer is made of silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon carbide oxide, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide aluminum. The transparent conductive film comprises zinc oxide, tin oxide or their mixture. The protective film comprises titanium oxide, or titanium oxide and silicon oxide mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium phosphate is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, the aqueous iron(II) precursor is ferrous ammonium sulfate, and the aqueous iron (III) precursor is iron(III) nitrate. In the step (a), the precursor aqueous solution is 5-60 pts. wt. content of aqueous carbon precursor, and total molar concentration of aqueous precursor is 0.1-10 M. The amount of external conductive material is 2-50 wt.% based on 100 wt.% of the lithium iron phosphate powder. Preferred Method: In the step (a), the precursor aqueous solution includes lithium, iron and phosphate in a molar ratio of 1:1:1. The spray pyrolysis is performed at 200-1500 degrees C under inert or vacuum atmosphere. The liquid droplet of the precursor aqueous solution is formed by an ultrasonic atomizing device during the spray pyrolysis. The step (c) is carried out at 400-1000 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The internal electric conduction material composed of aqueous carbon precursor of glucose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxalic acid, resorcinol, fructose or cellulose acetate. The external conductive material is carbon black, carbon fiber or carbon nanotube. EXAMPLE - Lithium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate were injected into distilled water in 1:1 ratio to obtain 0.5 M aqueous solution, and added with 0.125 M internal electric conductive glucose to obtain precursor aqueous solution. The obtained precursor aqueous solution was processed via ultrasonic atomizing device to obtain lithium iron phosphate powder. The obtained powder was immersed in ethanol and ball milled for 24 hours, centrifuged to remove supernatant, and dried at 60 degrees C for 5-6 hours under 2% hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas atmosphere. The obtained powder was calcined at 750 degrees C for 12 hours under 2% hydrogen/nitrogen mixed gas atmosphere to obtain lithium iron phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photoactive layer is provided with a light diffusion material selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide and tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The counter electrode layer is formed on the photoactive layer and made of silver, aluminum, nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, rhodium and magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silver particles is 10-60 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent further includes alcohol. The content of alcohol is 4-10 wt.% with respect to total weight of solvent. The content of dispersing agent is 0.1-2 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polyethylene glycol is 0.1-2 wt.%. The water-soluble polymer is chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide and polyacrylate or their copolymers. Preferred Property: The number-average molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 190-630 g/mol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The co-crosslinking agent is trimethylolpropane acrylate having ethoxy or propoxy group. The ethylene polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The co-crosslinking agent is chosen from 26 compounds e.g. stearyl acrylate, 2-methoxy ethylacrylate, ethyl carbitol acrylate, cetyl methacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acrylic thickener is ACULYN22/23 (RTM: Rheology modifier/stabilizer), XC-190, Aculyn33 (RTM: Rheology modifier/stabilizer) or T-901. The defoamer is organosilicon defoamer SRECN, organosilicon defoamer SE-47, and silicone oil or cutting fluid foam control agent DF-965.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic substance is present in an amount of 1-35 mass%, and comprises fumed silica, fumed alumina and titania in gas phase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fiber layer has thickness of 1-5 mu m and porosity of 10-80%. The organic fiber is homopolymer obtained by copolymerization of monomer of formula (C-(C=O-M)=(CH-R2)-R1) (I) with 2-6C aliphatic olefin copolymer and aromatic olefin copolymer. The organic fiber is present in an amount of 65-99 mass%. The inorganic surface has hydroxyl coverage area of 100-1000 cells/ mu 2, hydroxyl content of 50-500 m2/g and hydroxyl particle diameter of 1-1000 nm. The fiber layer further comprises 0-10 mass% of adhesive including polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylidene fluoride.M = H, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals; andR1, R2 = H, 1-6C aliphatic or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The urea, melamine or ammonium thiocyanate is urea, cyanamide, dicyandiamide, melamine or cyanuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cellulose is bacterial cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin pectin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: dissolving 1.6-1.7 g copper nitrate trihydrate in 10 ml deionized water under magnetic stirring for 10-20 minutes to obtain copper nitrate solution; dissolving 2.7-2.8 g sodium citrate trihydrate in 10 ml deionized water under magnetic stirring for 10-20 minutes to obtain sodium citrate solution; dissolving 3-3.1 g sodium carbonate in 10 ml deionized water under magnetic stirring for 10-20 minutes to obtain sodium carbonate solution; dissolving 2.7-2.8 g glucose in 10 ml deionized water under magnetic stirring for 10-20 minutes to obtain glucose solution; dissolving 1-1.2 g polyvinylpyrrolidine in 170 ml deionized water under magnetic stirring for 10-20 minutes to obtain polyvinylpyrrolidine solution; stirring the mixed solution in water bath for 20-30 minutes; and centrifuging the mixed solution at a speed of 8000-15000 rotations/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer is compound A and compound B in a mole ratio of 1:1-10:1. Preferred Components: The compound A is halogen-containing organic salt or inorganic salt. The compound B is metal halogen-containing inorganic salt. The compound A is amine containing compounds such as CH3NH3I, CH3NH3Br, CH3NH3Cl, CH3CH2NH3KCH3CH2NH3Br, CH3CH2NH3Cl, CH3CH2CH2NH3I, CH3CH2CH2NH3Br, CH3CH2CH2NH3Cl, CH(NH2)2I, CH(NH2)2Br, CH(NH2)2Cl, CH3CH(NH2)2I, CH3CH(NH2)2Br and CH3CH(NH2)2Cl, cesium iodide, cesium bromide and cesium chloride. The compound B is lead iodide, lead bromide, lead chloride, tin iodide, tin bromide, tin chloride, germanium iodide, germanium bromide and/or germanium chloride. The anode interface layer is an organic conjugated polymer or inorganic semiconductor. The anode is metal, metal oxide and graphene. The substrate is glass, flexible material, metal, alloy and/or stainless steel thin film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The cathode material is aluminum, silver, gold, or calcium/aluminum alloy/silver alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, (gamma)-butyrolactone, delta-valerolactone, gamma-valerolactone, epsilon-caprolactone, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The cathode interface layer is carbon 60 and its derivative, carbon 70 and its derivative, conjugated polymer, inorganic semiconductor nanometer and/or graphene. The photoactive layer contains polymer additive. The polymer additive comprises repeating units of formulae (I)-(VI).R1 = 1-6C straight chain, multicarbon atom chain, alkyltrialkoxysilane, O, OH, amidogen, aryl, ester or substituted carbonyl;R2, R3 = H or 1-20C straight chain, branched, cyclic alkyl chain, alkyltrialkoxysilane, O, OH, amidogen, aryl, ester or substituted carbonyl; andn = 1-100000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises performing pyrolysis of the polymer microspheres. The etching step is carried out in alkaline solution using ultrasonic waves. Preferred Components: The alkaline solution comprises potassium hydroxide/isopropanol solution, sodium hydroxide/isopropanol solution, and solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The substrate includes a hydrophilic sheet having a surface. The polymer film is formed on the substrate by a drift method. The main surface is not covered by the mask layer. The polymer microspheres are the polymer nanospheres having a particle size of 50-1000 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution B comprises silver and vanadium at an atomic ratio of 0.35:1. The mixed solution comprises vanadium and titanium at an atomic ratio of 1:2-2. Preferred Method: The electrostatic spinning is carried out: using a device comprising a needle having a pore size of 0.4-0.8 mm, and a metal plate having a length of 15-25cm; and at a voltage of 15-25 kV. The annealing step is carried out at 400-600 degrees C for 2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (2,3-f)-Benzofuran derivative of formula (I) is also represented by compounds of formulae (II,III,IV and V). The solvent is o-dichlorobenzene, chloroform or tetrahydrofuran.n=10-25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Hydrophilic block-containing copolymer polyelectrolyte is prepared by preparing hydrophilic polymer M, and copolymerizing with other polyfunctional component. Preferred Components: Hydrophilic polymer M is aromatic, ketone, ether, polyarylether or polyphenylene with average molecular weight of 500-8000 and polymerization degree of 1-20. Hydrophilic polymer M contains hydrophilic radical of sulfonated -SO3H, carboxylic acid radical -COOH, phosphate radical -PO3H or sulfimide radical -SO2NHSO2R.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The PVC paste material further comprises an UV absorbent, an antioxidant, low temperature resistant additive, a stabilizer and a flame retardant plasticizer. The UV absorbent is UV absorbent UV-531, UV absorbent UV-327, UV absorbent UV-326, UV absorbent UV-74, UV absorbent UV-9 or UV absorbent UV-P. The antioxidant is antioxidant-2246, antioxidant-1520, antioxidant-1098, antioxidant-1076, antioxidant-1010, antioxidant-300, antioxidant-264 or antioxidant-168. The low temperature resistant additive is diisodecyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl azelate, sebacate butyric acid, dioctyl sebacate or diethylhexyl sebacate. The stabilizer is octyltinmercaptide, octyltin oxide, di-n-octyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin maleate, butylmercaptooxo-stannane, dibutyltin maleate, lauric acid dibutyltin maleate, dibutyltin oxide, dimethyltin oxide, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil or phosphorous acid resin. The flame retardant plasticizer is DP-45 (RTM: Brominated liquid flame retardant plasticizer for polyvinylchloride), tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate or octyl diphenyl phosphate. The additive is UU absorbent, antioxidant, low temperature resistant additive, stabilizer and/or flame retardant plasticizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of poly(arylene ether) is preferably 40-60 wt.%. The phosphate-based flame retardant contains bisphenol-A bis (diphenyl phosphate) and resorcinol (diphenyl phosphate). The weight ratio of bisphenol-A bis(diphenyl phosphate) and resorcinol diphenyl phosphate is (1:1)-(1: 2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polystyrene is preferably 11-31 wt.%. The poly(arylene ether) is poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2,6-dipropyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly (2-methyl-6-ethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), poly(2-methyl-6-propyl-1,4-phenylene ether) and/or 2,6-dialkyl phenol/2,3,6-trialkyl phenol copolymer. Polystyrene is ordinary polystyrene, foamable polystyrene, high-impact polystyrene and/or syndiotactic polystyrene. Preferred Property: The intrinsic viscosity of poly(arylene ether) is 40-50 cm3/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Arrangement: The dye-sensitized solar cell has a light-capturing layer including dye layer formed using the poly(triphenylamine-phenothiazine) dye (I), and semiconductor nano titanium dioxide layer, a transparent substrate, an electrolyte and an electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compound: The poly(triphenylamine-phenothiazine) dye (I) is preferably of formula (II), (III), (IV) or (V). The poly(triphenylamine-phenothiazine) dye (I) has molecular weight of 4000-40000. Preferred Definitions:    B'=group chosen from groups of formulae (i)-(vii);    n=1 or more;    R2=H, halo, nitro, hydroxy, amino, cyano, carboxy, 3-8C alkoxy, 3-8C alkyl, 3-8C alkenyl, 5-8C acyl, 5-7C cycloalkyl, 5-12C aryl or 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl;and    A=cyano or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Substrate is rigid substrate including glass or silicon sheet, or flexible substrate including metal sheet, plastic sheet or porous titanium oxide sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Copper xanthate includes copper ethyl xanthate, copper propyl xanthate, copper isopropyl xanthate, copper butyl xanthate, copper isobutyl xanthate, copper tert-butyl xanthate, copper amyl xanthate, copper isopentyl xanthate and copper t-amyl xanthate. Preferred Process: Precipitation process involves adding potassium or sodium to reaction mixture, filtering, washing and drying. Coating method is spin-coating method, dispensing method, dip coating method, spray method or inkjet printing method. Preferred Condition: Annealing process is carried out at 110-350 degrees C for 5-120 minutes, under oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The thermal-insulating unit includes a core film made of core material, and a barrier film covering the core film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The core material is aluminum silicate fiber plate or glass fiber plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The barrier film is glass fiber cloth, polypropylene layer, polyethylene terephthalate layer, aluminum foil, or polyethylene layer, and has thickness of 0.15-0.2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Glass binder is prepared by uniformly mixing 45-50 mass% bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3), 25-30 mass% zinc oxide (ZnO), 2-5 mass% aluminum (III) oxide (Al2O3), 20-25 mass% boron trioxide (B2O3), 1-5 mass% silicon oxide (SiO), 1-5 mass% calcium oxide (CaO), and 1-5 mass% titanium dioxide (TiO2), heating at 950-1250 degrees C, preserving heat, quenching in deionized water, ball milling, and sieving using 200-400 mesh screen to obtain 0.5-2 mu m powder. Preferred Parameters: Average particle size of ultrafine silver powder is 0.2-2 mu m, and average particle of PbO2 and SnO2 ultrafine powder mixture is not greater than 5 mu m. Preferred Compositions: RE powder is cerium, europium, or gadolinium powder. Amount of PbO2 in PbO2 and SnO2 ultrafine powder is 80-90%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Processes: Heating is performed using high temperature resistance furnace. Preferred Conditions: Heat preservation of time is 30-90 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Diluent is terpineol or petroleum ether. Solvent is diethyl ether or butyl acetate. Preferred Processes: Organic binder is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.3-0.8 mass part ethyl cellulose, 0.5-1 mass part terpineol, 0.3-0.6 mass part vinyl acetate resin, and 0.3-0.7 mass part phenolic resin, adding 8-9 mass parts solvent, heating at 95-120 degrees C, and completely dissolving.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth powder is cerium, europium or gadolinium powder. Preferred Composition: The glass adhesive agent comprises 45-50 mass% bismuth trioxide, 25-30 mass% zinc oxide, 2-5 mass% alumina, 20-25 mass% boron trioxide, 1-5 mass% silicon dioxide, 1-5 mass% calcium oxide and 1-5 mass% titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is a diethyl ether or butyl acetate. The diluting agent is terpineol or petroleum ether. Preferred Composition: The organic adhesive is 0.3-0.8 pts. wt. ethyl cellulose, 0.5-1.0 pts. wt. terpineol, 0.3-0.6 pts. wt. vinyl acetate resin, 0.3-0.7 pts. wt. phenolic resin and 8-9 pts. wt. solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heteropoly acid-modified titanium dioxide is prepared by mixing titanium salt and heteropoly acids, carrying out hydrothermal reaction, and coating obtained product on titanium dioxide crystals. The heteropoly acid-modified titanium dioxide is 12-phosphotungstic acid-modified titanium dioxide or 18-phosphotungstic acid-modified titanium dioxide. The metal oxide is tungsten trioxide, magnetite, tin oxide or cadmium oxide. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of titanium dioxide (P25), heteropoly acid-modified titanium dioxide, water, dispersant, emulsifier and pore-forming agent is 1:1-3:2-4:0.5-1:0.3-0.8. Preferred Method: The step (c) involves calcining obtained product in oven at 400-500 degrees C (heating rate of 1-3 degrees C/minute) for 0.5-1 hour. The step (b) involves mixing obtained mixture with the product obtained in step (a) in ball mill at 1000-2000 revolutions per minute for 4-12 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is acetylacetone, glacial acetic acid or ethanol. The emulsifier is Triton X-100 (RTM: t-Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol) or octylphenyl ether (OP)-10. The pore-forming agent is polyethylene glycol 20000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent protective layer is formed by aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, titanium silicon nitride, titanium nitride and tin oxide material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Process: The preparation of polymer solar cell further involves heat-treating active layer under atmospheric conditions.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The donor material is poly(3-alkylthiophene), poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt- 5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), or poly(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-thiophene-2-yl)-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-alt-alkylcarbonyl-thieno(3,4-b)thiophene). The content of porphyrin compound with respect to content of acceptor material is 2-16 wt.%, preferably 4-8 wt.%. The acceptor material is (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, indene-C60 monoadduct, indene-C60 bisadduct, or indene-C70 bisadduct. The metal porphyrin is chosen from 2,12-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-7,17-diethynyl-21,23,24,25-tetraaza-22-zincahexacyclo(9.9.3.13,6.113,16.08,23.018,21)pentacosa-1,3(25),4,6,8,10,12,14,16(24),17,19-undecaene, 2,7,12,17-tetraphenyl-21,23,24,25-tetraaza-22-cuprahexacyclo(9.9.3.13,6.113,16.08,23.018,21)pentacosa-1,3(25),4,6,8,10,12,14,16(24),17,19-undecaene, 4-nitro-2,7,12,17-tetraphenyl-21,23,24,25-tetraaza-22-cuprahexacyclo(9.9.3.13,6.113,16.08,23.018,21) pentacosa-1,3(25),4,6,8,10,12,14,16(24),17,19-undecaene, and 2,7,12,17-tetraphenyl-21,23,24,25-tetraaza-22-zincahexacyclo(9.9.3.13,6.113,16.08,23.018,21) pentacosa-1,3(25),4,6,8,10,12,14,16(24),17,19-undecaene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The multi layer co-extrusion film layer is made of polypropylene or ethylene propylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The neutral or alkaline electric conduction salt solution is selected as sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pattern is formed using composition containing solvent and adhesion accelerator. Preferred Composition: The adhesion accelerator is chosen from aminothiophenol, aminotetrazole and 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylamine. The solvent is chosen from propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material is glass-based material, thin metal-based material or plastic-based material. The plastic-based material is chosen from polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, polyacrylic ester, polysiloxane, polynorbornene, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: Silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide have particle size of 30-40 nm. Preferred Composition: Aqueous ammonia has mass concentration of 60%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Ethanol has mass concentration of 99.99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The copolymer (I) is prepared by adding dibromo-bis(benzothiadiazole) compound of formula (A) and bis(thiophene) compound of formula (B) under protection of gas atmosphere at mol ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1, performing Stille coupling reaction in presence of organic palladium catalyst in organic solvent, and separating and purifying reaction product. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst comprises mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. The organic palladium is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or bis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri (methylphenyl) phosphine. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The conjugated polymer (I) is prepared by adding tin-containing benzothiophene compound of formula (A) and bromo-bis(thiophene) compound of formula (B) at mol ratio of 1:1-1.5:1 under protective gas atmosphere in anaerobic condition in organic solvent and performing Stille coupling reaction in presence of catalyst at 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, and separating and purifying reaction product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of heat of fusion of the polyethylene with respect to heat of fusion of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 14% or more. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of sum of polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with respect to polyethylene is 25-90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: the thickness of foam layer and temperature control functional layer is 100-300 g/m2 and 20-100 g/m2, respectively. Preferred Process: The foam layer is formed using resin and foaming agent which does not contain thermal storage material encapsulated microcapsules. The temperature control functional layer is formed using resin which comprises heat storage material encapsulated microcapsules which does not contain foaming agent. Preferred Composition: The content of heat storage material encapsulated microcapsules is 5-30 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The preferable density of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin and polyethylene is 0.880-0.895 g/cm3 and 0.950-0.960 g/cm3, respectively. The gel fraction of base polymer is 80% more, after performing silane grafting and silane crosslinking. Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains catalyst master batch obtained by mixing polymer and silanol condensation catalyst, and performing silane grafting of base polymer. The polymer of catalyst master batch comprises 30-50 pts. wt. propylene having melting point of 135-160 degrees C, and 50-70 pts. wt. propylene wax 140-160 degrees C. The mix ratio of catalyst masterbatch and flame-resistant compound is 20:1-25:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The secondary box includes circuits having Wireless fidelity communication, Bluetooth, Near-field communication.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The nanoparticles or nanotubes are formed of at least one of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, zirconium dioxide, nickel oxide, niobium pentoxide, tungsten trioxide, and iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The molar ratio used for copolymerization is 9:1-1:1. The catalyst is potassium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or sodium. The amount of catalyst used 1-10 mole pts., based on total number of moles of raw material monomers. The copolymerization reaction is performed by using acetyl-2-pyrrolidone, carbon dioxide and/or isocyanate compound as an initiator. The amount of initiator used is 0.1-10 molar pts., based on 100 molar parts. epsilon -Caprolactam and 2-piperidone are obtained from the biomass. The melting temperature of nylon 6,5 random copolymer is 220-245 degrees C. The nylon 6,5 random copolymer has decomposition temperature of higher than the melting temperature with the difference of 15-45 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive and/or negative electrodes contain protective compound adapted to protect 1st and/or 2nd redox polymers from over-charging or over-discharging in which protective compound is phenothiazine, iodine, tri-iodine, benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, and/or their derivatives. The 1st and/or 2nd redox polymers contain electrically conductive polymer backbone with functional side group having redox activity in which functional side group is alkanes, alkenes, benzenes, styrenes, alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, amines, amides, imines, imides, alkylamines, pyridines, thiols, thiophenes, thiones, thials, phenothiazines, sulfides, sulfoxides, phosphines, phosphones, halides, quinones, and/or their derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Positive and/or negative electrodes contain copolymer, polymer blend, and/or plasticizing agent for facilitating injection molding manufacturing process. Positive and/or negative electrodes contain a dopant. The 1st and/or 2nd redox-active polymers contain quinoid structure. The 1st redox-active polymer is polyaniline, poly(aminoanthraquinone), polyvinylanthraquinone, poly(1-aminoanthraquinone), and/or poly(3,7-dialkylbenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-4,8-dione-2,6-diyl). The 2nd redox-active polymer is poly(1-naphthol) and/or poly(10-hexylphenothiazine-3,7-diyl). The 1st and/or 2nd redox polymers contain electrically conductive polymer backbone with functional side group having redox activity in which the backbone is polypyrrole, polyaniline, polydiphenylamine, poly(o-phenyldiamine), polythiophenes, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyphenazines, polycarbazoles, polyfluorenes, polyindoles, polyphenylenes, polypyrenes, polyazulenes, polynaphthalenes, polyazepines, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), and/or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheet material is synthetic resin sheet material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The case and the core are made of metallic material such as aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The case is partly made of polymer. The core is covered of a coating made of electrical insulating material such as a coating in polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The average fiber length of the fibers of the support layer is less than 25 mu m, preferably less than 4 mu m. The filler of the support layer comprises layered silicate, mica, preferably calcined mica, wollastonite, boron nitride, kaolin, calcined kaolin and/or montmorillonite. The filler of the support layer has a weight fraction of 5-70% preferably 15-35%. The fibers of the support layer are coated with a wetting agent, which is maleated gradient copolymer (random copolymer), preferably alkenes. The polymer of the carrier layer comprises polyamide, polyester, polyolefins, polyacrylates and/or phenol. The polymer of the carrier layer is a copolymer, block copolymer, preferably diblock copolymer, preferably tri-block copolymer, or hydrogenation product. The copolymer of the support layer comprises monomer units of polyamides, alkenes, vozugsweise propene, polyacrylates or phenylethene. The support layer comprises a polymer alloy, where the polymer alloy comprises the polymer and at least one further polymer. The additional polymer is a copolymer having alkene, preferably propene as a monomer unit. The polymer or polymer alloy of the support layer has a weight fraction of at least 25%, preferably 65-85%. Preferred Method: The additional polymer of the support layer is carboxylated, maleinated, or grafted with 3-cyclobutene-l, 2-dion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layer comprises a material which contains polyvinyl acetal resin and does not contain carbonyl group. Preferred Properties: The polyvinyl acetal resin has hydroxyl value of 25% or more. The protective layer has thickness of 5 mu m or more. The damage resistant layer has thickness of 20 mu m or less, and elastic recovery factor of 80% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biaxially-oriented polyester film comprises 550 ppm or less sum total content of heavy elements other than manganese element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The biaxially-oriented polyester film has a value of 0.5-3, b value of 0.5-3 and L value of 10 or less, measured using spectroscopy-type color-difference meter. The optical density of biaxially-oriented polyester film is 3 or more. Preferred Process: The biaxially-oriented polyester film comprises polyester composition obtained by reacting polyester and 1-3 %mass complex oxide containing calcium, manganese and titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal precursor comprises nickel nitrate hexahydrate, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, copper chloride hexahydrate and/or ferric chloride hexahydrate. The weight ratio of solid carbon source and metal precursor is 1:2-1:4. Etchant is used during manufacture of three-dimensional graphene nano-network. The etchant is chosen from hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and ammonium persulfate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solid carbon source comprises polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The latent heat storage materials is selected from a group consisting of water, normal paraffin, a stearic acid, sodium-acetate hydrate, sodiumthiosulfate hydrate, sodium-carbonate decahydrate dibasic sodium phosphate, calcium chloride, quaternary ammonium salt hydrate, fatty acid triglyceride, an alkyleneoxide polymer, a decaglycerol lauric acid reaction material, a decaglycerol myristic acid reaction material, a decaglycerol palmitic acid reaction material, a decaglycerol stearic-acid reaction material, a decaglycerol behenic acid reaction material, an erythritol, or a xylitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The upper portion electrolyte layer is made of yttrium-doped barium cerate. The lower part electrolyte layer is made of yttrium-doped barium zirconate or barium cerate. The fuel anode board layer and fuel anode functional layer is made of nickel oxide and yttria. The pore-forming agent is carbon black or graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The pore-forming agent is polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The particle is provided with alumina, Boehmite, yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, silicon carbide, boron carbide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, barium sulfate, silicate, lithium fluoride, aluminum hydroxide, graphite, carbon nanotube, and diamond. The silicate is selected from nesosilicate mineral, solo silicate mineral, cyclosilicate mineral, inosilicate mineral, phyllosilicate mineral, tecto silicate mineral, asbestos, sepiolite, and imogolite. The nesosilicate mineral is selected from olivine and mullite. The phyllosilicate mineral is selected from talc, montmorillonite and kaolinite. The resin material is polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solid compound layer is made of polymer gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises coating polyethylene glycol on the surface of filaments prior to forming the nanoparticles. The step of coating is performed by immersing filaments in 0.5-4 wt.% aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol. The nanoparticles are formed through electroless plating. The electroless plating is performed using mixture of gold-silver nitrate solution and reductive solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is mixed solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran at 7:3-2:8. The reductive solution comprises glucose or tartaric acid. EXAMPLE - Polyamide-co-imide and (poly(trimellitic anhydride chloride-co-4,4'-methylenedianiline)) were mixed at weight ratio of 5:5 to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was mixed with 26 wt.% solvent mixture containing dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran mixed at weight ratio of 6:4. The resulting solution was electrospinned at a voltage of 9 kV by passing the mixture solution at 150 ml through the needle. Wet recovery was performed to collect sheets of spun filaments. Second recovery was performed at 1000 revolutions per minute by winding. The solvent was evaporated from the recovered filaments at 190 degrees C for 1 hour. Electro spun filaments were cyclized by heating at 330 degrees C for 1 hour. The resulting filaments were immersed in 0.5 wt.% polyethylene glycol for 20 minutes at room temperature. The filament surface was electroless plated using gold-silver nitrate solution and glucose or tartrate solution to obtain silver plated conductive filaments.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The EVA resin is present in an amount of 27-35 wt.%, and has vinyl acetate content of 25-40 g/10 minute. The UV absorbent is benzophenone compound including 2,4-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone or 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone. The antioxidant comprises main antioxidant including octadecyl beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and auxiliary antioxidant including tri(4-nonylphenyl) phosphate and/or tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite. The crosslinking agent comprises crosslinking curing agent including organic peroxide and azo compound, and crosslinking auxiliary agent including triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The organic peroxide is dicumyl peroxide, di-tertbutyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-tert-butyl peroxide hexane, n-butyl-4,4-bis(tbutylperoxy)valerate, tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate and ethyl 3,3-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butyrate. The silane coupling agent is vinyl triethoxy silane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, vinyltri tert-butyl peroxide silane, vinyltriacetoxysilane or vinyl tri( beta -methoxyethoxy) silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modified hard PVC contains an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant, a low temperature resistant additive, a stabilizing agent and a flame retardant plasticizer as additives. The ultraviolet absorbent is ultraviolet absorbent UV-531, UV-327, UV-326, UV-74, UV-9 or UV-P. The antioxidant is antioxidant 2246, 1520, 1098, 1076, 1010, 300, 264 or 168.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low temperature resistant additive is di-iso decyl adipate (DIDA), dioctyl adipate (DOA), dioctyl azelate (DOZ), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), dioctyl sebacate (DOS) or dioctyl sebacic acid (D10S). The stabilizing agent is octyl tin mercaptan, tin oxide, di-n-octyl tin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate, butylmercaptooxo-stannane, lauric acid dibutyltin maleate, dibutyl tin oxide, dimethyl tinoxide, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil or phosphate ester. The flame retarding plasticizer is DP-45, tricresyl phosphate (TCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), trioctyl phosphate (TOP), or octyl diphenyl phosphate (DPOP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modified PVC paste comprises: an UV absorbent including UV absorbent UV-531, UV absorbent UV-327, UV absorbent UV-326, UV absorbent UV-74, UV absorbent UV-9 and UV absorbent UV-P; antioxidant including 2,2'-Methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (Antioxidant 2246), 2-Methyl-4,6-bis(octylsulfanylmethyl)phenol (Antioxidant 1520), N,N'-Hexamethylene bis(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)propionamide) (Antioxidant 1098), 3,5-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid octadecyl ester (Antioxidant 1076), Pentaerythrite Tetra-( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate) (Antioxidant 1010), 4,4'-Thio-bis(3-methyl-6 tert-butylphenol) (Antioxidant 300), 2,6-Di-terbutyl-4-methyl phenol (Antioxidant 264) and tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphite (Antioxidant 168); low temperature resistant additive including acid decyl ester, dioctyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate and dioctyl sebacate; a stabilizing agent including tin oxide, di-n-octyl dilaurate, di-butyl tin oxide, dimethyltin oxide, epoxy soybean oil, epoxy linseed oil and phosphate ester; and a flame retardant plasticizer including tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate and diphenyl isooctyl phosphate. The additive is UV ray absorbent, antioxidant, low temperature resistant additive or stabilizer, or flame retardant plasticizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hard PVC molding material comprises UV-absorbent, antioxidant, low-temperature resistant additive, stabilizer, and/or flame retardant plasticizer. The UV-absorbent is UV-531, UV-327, UV-326, UV-74, UV-9, or UV-P. The antioxidant is antioxidant 2246, antioxidant 1520, antioxidant 1098, antioxidant 1076, antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 300, antioxidant 264, or antioxidant 168. The low-temperature resistant additive is diisodecyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, or diisooctyl sebacate. The stabilizer is mercaptan octyl tin, octyl tin oxide, di-n-octyl tin dilaurate, n-octyl tin maleate, butyl mercaptan tin, dibutyl maleate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin oxide, dimethyl tin oxide, epoxy soybean oil, epoxy linseed oil, or phosphate ester. The flame retardant plasticizer is DP-45 (RTM: tetrabromophthalate), tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, or benzene octylene ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanoparticles are copper, aluminum, iron, nano-silicon dioxide, nano-zinc oxide, nano-aluminum oxide, nano-titanium dioxide and/or nano-magnesium oxide, and have average particle diameter of 15 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of hydrogenated terphenyl, modified nanoparticles, drag reducing agent and dispersing agent is 88-99.9 pts. wt., 0.05-10 pts. wt., 0.001-0.5 pt. wt. and 0.05-0.3 pt. wt., respectively. The dispersant is Span 85 (RTM: polysorbate 85 lipophilic surfactant). The drag reducing agent is cetyltrimethylammonium chloride or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Silicon sheet cleaning agent contains 1-3 g/L, preferably 3 g/L citric acid, 1-3 g/L, preferably 2 g/L tartaric acid, 1-3 ml/L, preferably 2 ml/L hydrofluoric acid, 1-8 g/L, preferably 4 g/L coconut oil alkanolamide phosphate, 1-8 g/L, preferably 4 g/L octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and balance water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The slag forming agent is copper smelting slag, cobalt smelting slag, nickel smelting slag or silica smelting slag. The product contains at least 10 wt.% and less than 20 wt.% calcium oxide. The product has silica to calcium oxide ratio of 2.0 or more. 20 %Mass or more cobalt and/or nickel-containing waste battery or material and slag forming agent are added in the furnace. The waste battery or material further contains copper and/or metallurgical coke.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic filler is kaolin, glass micropowder, barium sulfate, and/or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Base film is polyethylene film. Adhesive is polyurethane adhesive, ethylene-vinyl acetate adhesive, polyvinyl butyral resin adhesive, or epoxy resin adhesive. Fluorine-containing resin is PTFE resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, fluorinated ethylene propylene resin, or polyvinyl fluoride resin. Acrylic acid polymer is polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, or polymethyl acrylate. Compatibilizer is maleic anhydride-graft-high density polyethylene copolymer, maleic anhydride-graft-ethylene propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride-graft-ethylene butylene copolymer, maleic anhydride-graft-ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and/or maleic anhydride-graft-ethylene octylene copolymer. Preferred Parameters: Base film has 150-250 mu m thickness, adhesive has 2-8 mu m thickness, 1st fluorine-containing film has 10-30 mu m, 2nd fluorine-containing film has 10-30 mu m thickness, 3rd fluorine-containing film has 10-30 mu m thickness, and fluorine-containing film has 40-80 mu m thickness. Preferred Conditions: Double-screw extruder temperature is 150-200 degrees C, multi-layer co-extrusion film blowing machine temperature is 180-250 degrees C, oven-drying temperature is 100-150 degrees C, and drying time is 10-40 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode buffering layer material is poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy dioxythiophene) and poly (styrene sulfonate) with thickness of 15-50 nm. The cathode buffering layer material is 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl) benzene, bathocuproine, Bphen, aluminum 8-hydroxyquinolinate, zinc oxide or titanium dioxide with thickness of 20 nm. The metal cathode material is silver, aluminum and copper with thickness of 100-300 nm. The substrate material is glass or transparent polymer. The transparent polymer material is polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyimide, vinyl chloride-acetate resin and polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The buffer solution is trimethylolpropane alkyl amidogen-hydrochloric acid solution. The inert gas is nitrogen and/or argon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The AB5 type hydrogen-absorbing alloy comprises rare earth element lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, scandium, yttrium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and aluminum. The cation exchange group is fixed to sulfonic acid (-SO3H) and/or a phosphoric acid group (-PO3H2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymer matrix is ??a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl benzyl chloride, polyether sulfone, divinyl benzene and dimethylamino-propyl-methacrylamide, copolymer of methyl methacrylate and/or glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. The polymer matrix composition comprises a copolymer of styrene and divinyl benzene, butadiene, and copolymers of styrene, polyphenylene ether, polystyrene, polyether sulfone, polysulfone and/or polyether ether ketone. The anion exchange membrane is fixed to a primary amino group, secondary amino, tertiary amino, quaternary amino, aryl and/or an amino group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of ethanol is 99.99 %mass. The concentration of ammonia is 60 %mass. Preferred Property: Silica, titanium dioxide and aluminum oxide have particle size of 30-40 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt may also be lithium tetrafluoroborate or lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, or acetonitrile. The lithium ion electrolyte comprises lithium salt and organic solvent. The concentration of lithium ion electrolyte is 0.5-2 mol/ L. The lithium salt is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate or lithium trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide. The organic solvent comprises propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate at volume ratio of 1:1-3:2-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyolefin membrane is polypropylene monolayer membrane, polypropylene/polyethylene composite membrane, or polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Glue contains 100 pts. wt. room-temperature vulcanization silicone rubber, 20 pts. wt. dimethyl silicone oil, 20 pts. wt. methyl tris(butanone oxime)silane, 30 pts. wt. tetra(butanone oxime)silane, 70 pts. wt. fumed silica, 0.1 pt. wt. silane coupling agent KH 550, and 0.1 pt. wt. dibutyltin dilaurate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flat plate is chosen from metal plate, alloy plate, plastic plate, ceramic plate or glass plate having thickness of 2-10 mm. The ITO is chosen from pure ITO or ITO doped with other elements. The substrate is crystalline silicon sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The 2D-graded zinc oxide nano-plate material has diameter of 100-600 nm and thickness of 10-100 nm. The nanoparticles of zinc oxide in nano-graded material plate have size of 5-30 nm. Preferred Composition: The amount of water is 5-90 vol.% with respect to the amount of mixed solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The nano black porcelain material powder contains 55-70 %mass zirconia, 10-15 %mass alumina, and remainder of titanium dioxide whisker. The ratio of titanium dioxide whisker and anhydrous ethanol is 1 g:10 mL. The volume ratio of powder mixture and solution of polyvinyl alcohol is 1:1. The mass ratio of titanium dioxide whiskers, yttria and lanthanum phosphate is 10:0.5:0.5. The ratio of silicon carbide and boron nitride is 80:20. The ratio of granular material and nano black porcelain material powder is 1:0.5-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of metal particle with respect to total amount of reduced metal particle is 10-90 mass%. Base metal is copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Reduced metal particle-containing metal-plated undercoat polymer layer comprises acrylic polymer. Acrylic polymer is acrylic polymer which contains acidic group and polymeric group in side chain. Preferred Processes: Manufacturing method of film mirror includes forming metal-plated undercoat polymer layer, forming polymer layer comprising polymer which contains polymeric group and functional group which interacts with metal precursor on support body, providing precursor of base metal and silver precursor to polymer layer, and reducing precursor of base metal and silver precursor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler includes layered silicates, mica, preferably calcined mica, wollastonite, boron nitride, kaolin, preferably calcined kaolin, and/or montmorillonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wetting agent includes a maleated random copolymer or alkenes. The polymer of the interlayer includes polyamide, polyester, polyolefins, polyacrylates, block copolymer, preferably diblock copolymer or triblock copolymer, 3-cyclobutene-l,2-dione, and/or carboxylated polymer. The copolymer of the interlayer comprises monomer units, polyamides, alkenes, preferably propene, polyacrylates or phenylethene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of at least one film is 10-40 mu m. The sum total film thickness of the film is more than 40 mu m and 120 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin is polyester resin. The film-forming composition further contains 0.6-1 %mass curing agent with respect to the thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of p-type semiconductor compound is -5.7 eV to -4.9 eV. Preferred Compound: The p-type semiconductor compound is a copolymer having repeating unit of formula (I) or (II).A=element chosen from XVI group of periodic table;R3-R5=hydrocarbyl optionally having hetero atom;andQ=element chosen from XIV group of periodic table.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The titanium plate material has thickness of 0.02-0.4 mm and contact resistance of 20 m Omega .cm2 or less. The thickness of the compound mixture titanium layer is 10 nm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base material comprises 5-40 %mass layered mineral, and 1-40 %mass metal hydroxide with respect whole base material. The total content of the layered mineral and the metal hydroxide is 70 %mass or less with respect to the whole base material. The ratio of content of the metal hydroxide and layered mineral in the base material is 15:85-85:15. The protection sheet further contains a sealing material contact bonding layer laminated on the main surface of the base material. The layered mineral is organically processed, and the metal hydroxide is surface-treated.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protection sheet is adhered on the sealing material by the sealing material contact bonding layer. The sealing material contact bonding layer contains polyethylene which has a structural unit derived from ethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The crosslinking agent has 1 minute half life temperature preferably of 190-210 degrees C. The low-density polyethylene has melt mass flow rate of 4-10 g/10 minutes based on JIS K6922-2, under 2.16 kg load. The safe film forming temperature of low density polyethylene is calculated by the relation: (1-minute half life temperature of crosslinking agent contained in resin of film forming component)-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The shield part can be made of reinforced plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding fluid stripper composition to the solid polyolefin and then performing fractionation. The separating step is carried out by centrifuging process or filtering process to separate large amount of solid polyolefin. The heating step is carried out at temperature of 70-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The feeder tubes and the heating tubes are constructed with Silicon Carbide, Molybdenum Disilicide (MoSi2), Mullite or ceramic material and Alumina or Alumina oxide. The housing is made with material selected from a group consisted of mullite, graphite, ceramic and/or Silicon Carbide (SiC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The multi-branched polymer (I) is preferably of formula (III) or (IV).D'=tetravalent 1-4C aliphatic hydrocarbyl;andR=1-6C hydrocarbyl. Preferred Definitions:    X=1-4C aliphatic hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The partition includes polyurethane, organopolysiloxane, polyisobutylene, or copolymers of polyurethane, organopolysiloxane, and polyisobutylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The density of ethylene/( alpha )-olefin copolymer is 0.86-0.9 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water- soluble sulfate salt comprises lithium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate. The electrolyte further comprises lithium and potassium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chelating agent comprises an alkali metallated chelating agent. The water-soluble sulfate salt comprises cation corresponding to alkali metallated chelating agent. The filler comprises polyacrylamide, silica, silicon carbide, polyvinyl alcohol and/or non- conductive nanocarbon particle. The chelating agent comprises dilithium-EDTA, dipotassium-EDTA, calcium salt of EDTA and disodium-EDTA. The electrolyte further comprises surfactant, phosphoric acid, a crystal growth regulator. The surfactant is amphoteric surfactant selected from betaine derivative, lecithin, alkyl iminodiproprionate, alkyl imidazoline, and alkyl polyaminocarboxylate, or a non-ionic surfactant selected from fatty alcohol, ethoxylated linear alcohol, ethoxylated alkyl phenol, fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ether, polyoxypropylene glycol alkyl ether, glucoside alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene glycol octylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene glycol alkylphenyl ether, glycerol alkyl ester, polyoxyetheylene glycol sorbitan alkyl ester, sorbitan alkyl ester, dodecyldimethylamine oxide, polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether, poly(ethylene oxide) and/or polyethoxylated tallow amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The porous polypropylene film roll has winding tensile strength of 1-200 N/m and volume length of 100-10000 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Property: The solar cell has combustion oxygen index of less than 21.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nonflammable composition layer further contains 5-200 parts mass boric acid compound and/or phosphate compound with respect to 100 parts mass thermally-expansible graphite, 10-500 parts mass alkali hydroxide and/or aluminum hydroxide with respect to 100 parts mass thermally-expansible graphite, 1-1000 parts mass bisphenol-type epoxy resin or its derivative(s) with respect to 100 parts mass thermally-expansible graphite, 100-1000 parts mass hydrocarbon-type resin having melting point and/or Vicat softening point of 200 degrees C or less with respect to 100 parts mass thermally-expansible graphite, 100-1000 parts mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having Vicat softening point of 200 degrees C C or less with respect to 100 parts mass thermally-expansible graphite, and 1-1000 parts mass silicone resin having Vicat softening point of 200 degrees C or less with respect to 100 parts mass thermally-expansible graphite, and has thickness of more than 0.01 mm. The making-incombustible sheet further has a fluororesin layer having thickness of 0.005-0.2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The color difference ( Delta )E measured by Color difference measuring method, is 3 or less, and is calculated using formula: ((L1asterisk-L2asterisk)2+(a1asterisk-a2asterisk)2+(b1asterisk-b2asterisk)2)1/2, where L1asterisk, a1asterisk, b1asterisk of the other side accumulates a white standard board on one side of the back side sealing material for solar cell modules, and has not piled up the white standard board, and L2asterisk, a2asterisk, b2asterisk of the other side accumulates a black standard board on one side of the back side sealing material for solar cell modules, and has not piled up the black standard board, Lasterisk is 92 plus minus 5, aasterisk is 0 plus minus 2 and basterisk is 0 plus minus 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of 2-(thiophen-2-yl)thiophene-containing polymeric organic semiconductor compound is 1500-12000 kg/mol and 40000-55000 kg/mol, respectively. Preferred Component: The bipolar organic semiconductor thin film is P-type semiconductor thin film or N-type semiconductor thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorochemical surfactant is chosen from an oligomer type fluorochemical surfactant and an active energy ray hardening-type fluorochemical surfactant. The silicone type surfactant is chosen from side chain type silicone oil, a single-terminal type silicone oil, and a both terminal type silicone oil. The silicone type surfactant is a silane coupling agent. The total content of fluorochemical surfactant and silicone type surfactant is 0.01-10 %mass. The composition further contains hydroxy-containing compound of formula (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains resin. Preferred Definitions:    R1=1-4C alkyl;    n=1-3;and    R4=H or 1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The additive is crosslinking agent and/or coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: Resin base material sheet containing the additive and resin base material not containing the additive are laminated alternately.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The impact absorbing layer has thickness of 5-50 mu m or more and elastic recovery factor of 90% or more. The mirror film has primer layer between impact absorbing layer and photocatalyst layer, where the primer layer has thickness of 0.1-1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.1-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of the ultraviolet absorber in the intermediate layer is 1-20 %mass, with respect to the total solid content of the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer further contains photoinitiator. The film mirror further has back surface-protective layer containing ultraviolet absorber, on an opposite side to the intermediate layer side of the support. Preferred Process: The metallic reflective layer is formed by plating method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The back surface protection sheet component films are obtained by laminating secondary sealing material sheet, heat-bondable resin film (6), easily-bonding layer (8), and resin film (7). The one or more surface of the heat-bondable resin film and the opposing resin film is plasma-processed at reduced pressure or normal pressure. Preferred Components: The resin film contains hydrolysis-resistant polyester or fluorine resin. The heat-bondable resin film contains polyolefin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, nylon, or fluorine resin. The easily-bonding layer comprises two-pack-curing-type adhesive agent containing acrylic resin and isocyanate curing agent, and copolymer of ethylene, and acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, or maleic anhydride as a main component. Preferred Property: The easily-bonding layer has a thickness of 0.5-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Tape: The total thickness of the double-sided adhesive tape is 300 mu m or less. The tensile strength of the foam base material is 500-1300 N/cm2 -1300N/cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The elastic modulus recovery ratio (E1) of primary resin layer is 60% to less than 80%. The ratio of thickness of the secondary resin layer with respect to the thickness of the primary resin layer is more than 0.2. The difference of elastic modulus recovery ratio (E2) of the secondary resin layer and elastic modulus recovery ratio (E1) of the primary resin layer is 10% to less than 40%. The elastic modulus recovery ratio (E2) of the secondary resin layer is 90% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of the copper nanoparticles is 10-100 nm. Preferred Composition: The ratio of total weight of copper powder and copper fine powder with respect to content of copper nanoparticles is 100:3-100:15 parts mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The secondary organic solvent is an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol, is liquid at room temperature, and has boiling point of 230-400 degrees C (excluding 400 degrees C). The tertiary organic solvent has an alcoholic hydroxyl group which is not inherent in any reactive functional groups other than hydroxyl group, is liquid at room temperature, and has boiling point of 200-400 degrees C (excluding 400 degrees C). The ratio of volume of copper nanoparticles with respect to volume of (dialkylamino)alkylamine is 10:50-10:100. The quaternary organic solvent is aliphatic polyhydric alcohol which is liquid at room temperature, and has boiling point of 230-400 degrees C (excluding 400 degrees C).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive copper paste alternately comprises copper salt of aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, copper powder, fine copper powder, (dialkylamino)alkylamine, polymer binder (B) and secondary organic solvent, copper powder, fine copper powder, copper nanoparticles, (dialkylamino)alkylamine, polymer binder (B) and a tertiary organic solvent, or copper powder, fine copper powder, copper nanoparticles, (dialkylamino)alkylamine, polymer binder (B) and quaternary organic solvent. The polymer binder (B) has thermal decomposition temperature of 200-500 degrees C. The ratio of total content of copper in the electroconductive copper paste with respect to polymer binder is 70/30-98/2. The electroconductive copper paste further comprises copper oxide and silver nanoparticles. Preferred Property: The glass transition temperature of resin base material is 50-400 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water content of solar cell sealing material or intermediate film is 3 %mass or less. Preferred Process: The water content of solar cell sealing material is adjusted to 3 %mass or less at the time of deaeration process start.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The average degree of polymerization of polyvinyl acetal is 600-1100. The solar cell sealing material or intermediate film has film thickness of 0.05-0.35 mm. The contraction of film is 10% or less. The largest height roughness (Rz) of solar cell sealing material or intermediate film is preferably 30-100 mu m. Preferred Composition: The amount of vinyl alcohol component in polyvinyl acetal is 32 mol% or less. Preferred Component: The uneven surface of solar cell sealing material or intermediate film is embossing surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Component (A) has relaxation time ( tau au) and MFR in the angular frequency of ( Omega )=100 rad/s when a frequency dispersion measurement at 190 degrees C by a rotation-type rheometer is performed satisfying equation tau =(0.0072x MFR-0.39)-(0.0100x MFR-0.27). Shrinkage percentage of extruded sheet at 10 degrees C lower than melting point of extruded sheet for 60 minutes is less than or equal to 2%. Preferred Processes: Component (A) is manufactured with a metallocene catalyst. Preferred Conditions: Roll temperatures of 1st cooling roller and touch roller are 30-50 degrees C and 3-15 degrees C, respectively, and temperature difference of 1st cooling roller and touch roller is greater than or equal to 20 degrees C. Preferred Compositions: Resin contains 0.01-5 pts. wt. silane coupling agent (B), 0.2-5 pts. wt. organic peroxide (C), and 0.01-2.5 pts. wt. hindered-amine-type optical stabilizer (D) with respect to 100 pts. wt. component (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid additive (B) contains 0.5 pt. wt. or more organic peroxides with respect to 100 pts. wt. sum total of components (A and B), and further contains silane coupling agent and crosslinking adjuvant of liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The extrusion kneading is carried out at 80-130 degrees C, after obtaining the mixture of components (A2 and B), before mixing with component (A1), using single-axis extruder. Preferred Composition: The components (A1 and A2) are non-polar polyethylene-type resins containing ethylene and ( alpha )-olefin(s), manufactured using metallocene catalyst. The polyethylene-type resin is obtained by grinding components (A1 and A2). The polyethylene-type resins have melt flow rate of 10-50 g/minute, and density of 0.86-0.92 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The cubic stabilized zirconia powder has volume density of 1.05-1.3 g/cm3. Preferred Composition: The cubic stabilized zirconia powder contains stabilized zirconia containing 7-15 mol% oxide of scandium, yttrium, cerium and/or ytterbium as a stabilizer. The content of cubic stabilized zirconia powder in the slurry is 5-50 %mass. The solid content of the slurry is 70-90 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst substance is includes transition metal element chosen from tantalum, niobium, titanium and zirconium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the polymer electrolyte (a) with respect to the electroconductive particles is 4-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer composition has relaxation time at 90 degrees C of 0.09-1.35 second and relaxation time at 110 degrees C of 0.075-1.05 second. Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer composition contains organic peroxide, crosslinking adjuvant, silane coupling agent and ultraviolet absorber and/or optical stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The contact plate is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The magnesium salt is magnesium chloride, which is blended with a complex forming agent capable of forming complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution is obtained by dissolving magnesium salt consisting of magnesium cation and monovalent anion, and polyether compound. The monovalent anion is halogen anion or sulfonyl amide anion of formula (II).R3,R4=halo, 1-8C haloalkyl or 2-8C halogenated alkenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon fiber bundle has single fiber compressive strength obtained from the product of compression yielding distortion and strand tensile elastic modulus of 5 GPa or more, microcrystal orientation degree ( pi ) calculated from the peak halfpower band width of diffraction intensity of 75% or more, and strand elastic modulus of 250 GPa or less. Preferred Composition: Carbon fiber precursor which is acrylic fiber bundle having single fiber fineness of 2.3 dtex or less is used as raw material during manufacture of carbon fiber bundle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Poorly-soluble compound(s) chosen from bismuth compound, zirconium compound, manganese compound, and rare-earth compound is further introduced into the flow unit. The rare-earth compound is cerium compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The cooling fluid contains glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ion-exchange rate of the ion in the ion-exchange resin is 0.1-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The preparation of polyester film involves polymerizing using a phosphorus compound of formula (I) which carries out ester formation continuously and having mean molecular weight of 1100 or more.R1,R2=H, linear or branched alkyl which has secondary carbon or tertiary carbon atom, cycloalkyl, aryl, or benzyl;R4,R5=ester-formation group having ester skeleton and hydroxyl group at terminal;andn,m=0-4.Preferred Property: The thickness of polyester film is 20-125 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (B) is a non-crystalline polymer. The polyester resin (P) and component (A) are crystalline resins. The voids-containing polyester film further comprises 2-10 %mass block copolymer resin and polyester resin containing polyalkylene glycol, 2-6C aliphatic diol component and terephthalic acid in the layer (M). The components (A, B) are dispersed in the layer (M). Preferred Properties: The difference of melting point of component (A) and glass transition temperature of component (B) is 15-70 degrees C. The absolute value of difference of the melting point of component (A) and melting point of polyester resin (P) is 30 degrees C or less. The ratio of melt viscosity of component (B) having melting point of Tm+10 degrees C in the shear rate of 200 second-1 and melt viscosity of component (P) having melting point of Tm+10 degrees C in the shear rate of 200 second-1 is more than 2 and less than 5. The components (A, B) have number average particle size of 1-3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The busbar tape is embossed. The non-solderable aluminum surface is the rear aluminum-surface of a photovoltaic solar cell. The metal foil comprises at least one metal that is copper (preferred), aluminum, tin, iron, nickel, silver, gold, lead, zinc, cobalt, chromium and/or titanium. The metal foil further comprises zinc. The non-conductive adhesive comprises at least one of epoxy resins, acrylic resins, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, cyanate esters, phenolic resins, maleimide resins and/or phenoxy resins. Preferred Method: The busbar tape is embossed prior to bonding to the porous non-solderable aluminum surface. The metal foil is tin coated. The busbar tape is applied to the rear aluminum surface of a photovoltaic cell. The step of hot-pressing is carried for less than or equal to 20 seconds. EXAMPLE - Copper foil having a thickness of 12 mu was provided. Solvent based epoxy thermoset adhesive was prepared from 41.13 wt.% EPON SU-2.5 (RTM: Epoxy resin), 5.5 wt.% PKHP-200 (RTM: Phenoxy resin in methyl ethyl ketone), .5 wt.% PARALOID EXL-2330 (RTM: Core-shell particles), 2.87 wt.% 2MZ-AZINE (RTM: Epoxy curative), and 45 wt.% methyl ethyl ketone. The adhesive was coated onto the dull surface of the copper foil using a laboratory handspread apparatus. The coated copper foil was placed in an oven for 10 minutes at 60 degrees C to form a metal tape having a dry adhesive layer that was 20 mu thick. A release liner having a thickness of 1 mil was laminated to the adhesive layer. The metal tape was embossed with a dot pattern. Force of 12000 lbs was applied to embossing tool which was placed over the metal tape. The embossed tape was into 3 mm wide strips.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The oxide is an Alkaline Earth Aluminosilicate such as barium, strontium, calcium and magnesium, or Rare Earth Disilicate with an oxide of an element chosen from scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium and/or combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The complex catalyst is formed from mixture of polymer and polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode lead is made of copper plate, aluminum plate, stainless steel plate or nickel plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The each of primary protective layer and secondary protective layer comprises ceramics containing oxide, nitride and carbide of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The radiation layer comprises emissivity-variable element, Mott insulator, metal-semiconductor-phase transition material or metal-insulator-phase transition material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The UV absorbers (A, B) are chosen from triazine type UV absorber, benzotriazole type UV absorber, benzoate type UV absorber, benzophenone type UV absorber and/or cyanoacrylate type UV absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is chosen from polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, cyclic olefin resin, polyester-based resin, styrene resin, methylmethacrylate-styrene resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin and/or acrylonitrile-styrene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The paste comprises organic solvent that is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent medium-I and the transparent medium-II comprise polymethacrylate having thickness of 1-6 mm, fluorinated ethylene propylene having thickness of 25-200 microns or a combination of polymers, glass of sodium and calcium carbonate or borosilicate glass or quartz glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: Plasma having plasma width of 0.1-5 mu second, and frequency of 103-105 Hz is generated between pair of wire electrodes arranged in the liquid, when direct current pulse voltage is applied. The plasma is glow discharge plasma, which is formed in gaseous phase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic compound contains boron and/or nitrogen as different element, and has 5 and/or 6-membered ring in chemical structure. The cyclic compound is chosen from aniline, pyridine, pyrazine, and/or triazine or its derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Shell has thickness of 5-30 nm. Gold nanoparticle has particle diameter of 3-10 nm. Polymer-coated blue quantum dot surface has thickness of 5-30 nm. Preferred Compositions: Blue quantum dot composite particle contains average of 2-3 gold nanoparticle. Blue quantum dot is group II-VI element compound and group III-V element compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer monomer is methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and/or butyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electro-conductive paste is obtained by uniformly mixing raw materials in high speed mixer, and milling materials to form fine particles of 10 mu m or less. Preferred Composition: The zinc powder has tap density of more than 3 g/cm3. The organic binder phase is formed using water bath of 70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible connecting material is made of high molecular material like polyacrylic acid or polyacrylate, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyolefin or copolymer or their compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solid porous polymer column is made of polyethylene plate, polypropylene plate, polycarbonate or poly ester pneumatic tetra-fluorine fire cloth material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The porous starch is selected from one of wheat starch, potato starch, maize starch and cassava starch.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The modified agent is selected from one of polyurethane, poly carboxylic acid ester and polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The electroconductivity of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid-doped polyaniline is 2.5 S/cm. Preferred Composition: The content of mixture is less than 40 %mass. The filler contains 30% carbon, mixture of 15% carbon and 15% hydrochloric acid-polyacrylonitrile, and 15% carbon and 15% dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid-polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photosensitive dye is pure organic dye extracted from black rice, strawberry, mulberry, or tomato, carboxylic acid-ruthenium-polypyridine dye, phosphoric acid-ruthenium-polypyridine dye or polynuclear ruthenium bipyridine. The catalyst is inorganic conductive carbon black powder, graphite, activated carbon, conductive carbon slurry, molybdenum or polyethylenedioxythiophene. The liquid electrolyte is iodide/tri-iodide electrolyte containing high conductivity organic solution or cobalt containing high conductivity organic solution. The quasi-solid electrolyte is iodide/tri-iodide electrolyte solution added with precipitating agent, silicon dioxide cured 1-methyl-3-propyl-imidazole iodide ion based electrolyte or quasi-solid vermiculite composite electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The flexible transparent conductive is polyethylene naphthalate, coated polyethylenedioxythiophene, polyethylene naphthalate coated polystyrene sulfonate, polyethylene terephthalate coated polyethylenedioxythiophene, polyethylene terephthalate coated polystyrene sulfonate, polyethylene naphthalate coated tin-doped indium oxide, polyethylene naphthalate coated fluorine-doped tin doxide, polyethylene terephthalate coated tin-doped indium oxide or polyethylene terephthalate coated fluorine-doped tin doxide. The flexible conductive coating is polyethylenedioxythiophene, conductive carbon film or polystyrene sulfonate. The sealing material is epoxy resin, polyurethane or phenolic resin. The nano oxide porous film is nano titanium dioxide porous film, nano zinc oxide porous film, nano tin dioxide porous film or nano indium trioxide porous film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal alloy plating layer is a copper aluminum alloy spraying silk layer. The inclined alloy metal layer is an aluminum zinc alloy or aluminum-zinc-copper alloy layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The shell is a high temperature resistant plastic shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The plastic pallet and the connecting piece are made of soft plastic material. The adjustable supporting plate is made of metal material or non-metal material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The barrier layer is metal foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardening accelerator is chosen from amidine compound, carbodiimide compound, ketimine compound, hydrazine compound, sulfonium salt, benzothiazolium salt and tertiary amine compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin is chosen from epoxy resin, amino resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, unsaturated polyester resin and alkyd resin. The reactive slipping agent has 1-3 functional groups which chemically bonds the reactive slipping agent with the thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Maleic anhydride-modified olefin resin is obtained by graft-modifying butene-ethylene copolymer having 1-butene content of 12-18 wt.%, hexene-ethylene copolymer having 1-hexene content of 14-20 wt.%, or octene-ethylene copolymer having 1-octene content of 17-24 wt.%, by maleic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler comprises talc or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The seal composition comprises 100 pts. wt. polyisobutylene, 15-45 pts. wt. adhesion-imparting agent, 20-60 pts. wt. desiccant, 15-45 pts. wt. silane-modified amorphous polyolefin, and 50-200 pts. wt. filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The tape is capable of making an electrical connection with one or more of the silver gridlines on the front side of a photovoltaic cell. The metal foil comprises one or more metals selected from copper, aluminum, tin, iron, nickel, silver, gold, lead, zinc, cobalt, chromium, titanium, and its mixtures. Preferably, the metal foil comprises copper, and zinc. The nonconductive adhesive comprises at least one of epoxy resins, acrylic resins, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, cyanate esters, phenolic resins, maleimide resins, phenoxy resins and its mixtures. Preferred Parameters: The busbar tape is applied to the front side of a photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell is capable of enduring at least 200 cycles of thermal cycling (-40 degrees C to 90 degrees C) and damp heat (85 degrees C/85% relative humidity testing) for at least 1000 hours with less than 5% increase in resistance of the electrical connection. When the busbar tape is applied to the front side of a photovoltaic cell, the photovoltaic cell is capable of enduring at least 400 cycles of thermal cycling (-40 degrees C to 90 degrees C) and damp heat (85 degrees C/85% relative humidity testing) for at least 2000 hours with less than 5% increase in resistance of the electrical connection. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reinforcements include a polymer layer present in contact with the adhesive member. The stack further comprises first and second electrodes fixed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane and arranged directly above the central openings of the first and second reinforcements; first and second gas diffusion layers present in contact with the first and second electrodes, respectively; and first and second metal sheets, between which the electrodes, the gas diffusion layers, the reinforcements and the membrane are placed. The adhesive member continuously extends between the flow conduit and the proton exchange membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The method further comprises: applying an adhesive solution on the first and second reinforcements, where the adhesive solution comprises 0.37-0.83 wt.% of dry methyl cellulose extract and 16-36 wt.% of latex of acrylic type, styrene butadiene type or acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber type; and evaporating solvent included in the adhesive solution in order to obtain the adhesive members. The adhesive member includes 1.5-4 wt.% of methyl cellulose of a solid content of the adhesive member, and 30-70 wt.% latex of acrylic type, styrene butadiene type or acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber type of the solids content of the adhesive member. The adhesive member includes 10-30 wt.% of pigment of the solids content of the adhesive member.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyacetylene or polypyrole, preferably poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The water-soluble polymer co-solvent is poly(styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt), camphor sulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, hexadecylbenzenesulfonic acid and naphthalenesulfonic acid, preferably poly(styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt). The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or polypyrrolidone, preferably polypyrrolidone. The polymer-modified assistant is chosen from propylene glycol, glycerol, butyl cellosolve, sorbitol, dimethyl sulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The separator is obtained using wet nonwoven fabric as polyolefin fiber, and at least core sheath type composite fiber comprising polypropylene as core component and polyethylene as sheath component. The wet nonwoven fabric is dry-processed by hot platen compression-bonding system. The separator is obtained by performing at least one hydrophilization treatment including wet nonwoven fabric and hydrophilic fiber, grafting process of hydrophilic monomer, corona discharge treatment, surfactant provision process, and sulfonation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The copolymer has a ratio of 8 or less with respect to Z average molecular weight and number average molecular weight as measured by gel permeation chromatography. Preferred Composition: The resin composition comprises 100 pts. wt. copolymer, 0.2-5 pts. wt. organic peroxide, and 0.01-2.5 pts. wt. optical stabilizer. The copolymer is ethylene-1-butene copolymer, ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, or ethylene-propylene-1-hexene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The wavelength conversion material comprises transparent material and fluorescent material, in particulate form. The fluorescent material is inorganic fluorescent material surface-treated by coupling agent. The content of fluorescent material with respect to transparent material is 0.001-10 %mass. Preferred Properties: The fluorescent material exists in the fluorescence wavelength of 450-900 nm and fluorescence excitation wavelength of 300-450 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent material is transparent vinyl resin which is (meth)acrylic resin. Preferred Process: The wavelength conversion material is obtained by suspension-polymerization of vinyl compound including vinyl compound having 2 or more functional groups and transparent vinyl resin in which the fluorescent material is dispersed. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of the wavelength conversion material obtained by suspension polymerization is 10-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Thermoplastic additive material contains polymer. Matrix material contains thermosetting material, preferably thermosetting polymer, and group consisting of polyester, polyurethane, biopolymer and resin, preferably epoxy resin. Thermoplastic matrix material is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and/or nylon. Thermoplastic additive material contains polyvinyl butyral and/or polyethylene terephthalate. Ratio of the weight of thermoplastic additive material and weight of matrix material is 0.0005-0.2, preferably 0.001-0.1. Plastic composite starting material contains curing agent and coupling agent such as silane. Preferred Parameters: Fiber material has elastic modulus of greater than or equal to 50 GPa, preferably greater than or equal to 70 GPa, and matrix material has elastic modulus of less than or equal to 5 GPa, preferably less than or equal to 3 GPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (II) comprises reacting Group IV metal-containing phthalocyanines of formulae (III) and (IV), and R7-R3-R7 and R7-R4 in the presence of R7-R5 and R7-R6. The polymer (I) or (II) is modified with a dopant to enhance its p-type or n-type properties.R5, R6, R7=halo or -OH. EXAMPLE - Germanium phthalocyanine (GePe) containing polymers were synthesized in a 25 mL three-neck round bottom glass flask. The flask was placed inside a heating mantle, and the equipment was placed on a magnetic stirrer. Dichloro germanium phthalocyanine (GePc-Cl2) was sublimed prior to being used. Prior to sealing the reactor a mixture of GePc-Cl2 (100 mg), m-bisphenol (50 mg) and 4-tertbutylphenol (22 mg), and chlorobenzene (5 mL) were added. The polymerization target number-average molecular weight (Mn) at complete conversion was 20 kg/mol. Once sealed the mixture was bubbled with nitrogen and for 20 minutes prior to heating. The reactor was then heated to 120 degrees C while maintaining a nitrogen purge. The polymerization was stopped after 40 hours and cooled to room temperature, which resulted in a crude polymer. The crude polymer was precipitated into methanol, filtered, and dried in a vacuum oven overnight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The strong and weak adhesive layer further comprises water absorbing resin. The surface the strong adhesive layer and weak adhesive layer is further protected with surface protection film. The core material is polyester-based resin, polyethylene-type resin, polypropylene resin, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin, silicone resin, phenol resin, polyimide, polyester or polycarbonate. The particle size of the water absorbing resin is 20-400 mm and the compounding quantity of the water absorbing resin is 1-200 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. weak adhesive layer or strong adhesive layer. The strong adhesive layer is chosen from silicone pressure sensitive adhesive, acrylic adhesive, urethane adhesive or rubber-based adhesive. The thickness of strong adhesive layer is 10-200 mm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The protective layer has film hardness of preferably 3-5.5 GPa, as measured by nano-indentation method. The film density of the protective layer is 1.4-2.18 g/cm3. Preferred Component: The gas-barrier layer contains an organosilicon compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The liquid used during the formation of protective layer contains polysilazane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pigment is titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ketenimine compound (I) is of formula (II)-(V). The content of ketenimine compound (I) with respect to polyester is 0.1-2 %mass.a1=0-2;b1=0-3;n=2-4;L1,L2=n-valent coupling group;andb3=0-5.Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of ketenimine compound is 500 or more. The value of ketenimine compound is the ratio of total molecular weight of ketenimine compound to functionality of ketenimine compound, which is equal to 420 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin composition further comprises pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer layer contains binder resin and ultraviolet absorber. The binder resin is acrylic resin, polyester-based resin, polyurethane-type resin, polyolefin resin, and/or silicone resin. The content of the ultraviolet absorber is 50-300 %mass with respect to the total content of the binder resin. Preferred Properties: The polymer layer has optical density of 2.5 or more at 350 nm and average film thickness of 0.3-18 mu m. The yellow color change degree of the laminated film is 10 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The contact bonding layer (4) contains resin having a polyethylene resin (R1) as a main component, and copolymer chosen from ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer, propylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer. The content of copolymer is 5-30 wt.% with respect to total content of layer (4). The sealant layer has a polyethylene resin (R2) as a main component. Preferred Process: Acid modification of portion(s) of polyethylene resin is carried out. The heat lamination process is carried out by heating the side of sealant layer using a heating roll at temperature which is more than melting point of sealant layer by 20 degrees C or more. When bonding the metal foil and sealant layer together through contact bonding layer (4), a heat-resistant resin film consisting of resin (R3) other than resin contained in the sealant layer is piled up to non-bonding surface of sealant layer. The heat lamination is carried out at non-bonding surface of sealant layer, and the heat-resistant resin film is peeled off from the sealant layer. Preferred Properties: The polyethylene resin (R1) has melt flow rate of 0.1-10 g/10 minutes (excluding 0.1 g/10 minutes), and density of 0.920-0.950 g/cm3, and elasticity tensile modulus of 100-1000 MPa. The polyethylene resin (R2) has melt flow rate of 0.1-3 g/10 minutes (excluding 0.1 g/10 minutes), density of 0.918-0.950 g/cm3, and elasticity tensile modulus of 100-1500 MPa. The density difference of sealant layer and the contact bonding layer (4) is 0.928-0.015 g/cm3. The resin (R3) has melting point higher than melting point of the sealant layer by 20 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of thio urethane bond in the compound (A) is 0.2-10 mmol/g. Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of compound (A) is 133-5000. Preferred Compound: Compound (A) is hydrocarbyl group-containing compound (A1) of formula: R2-NH-C(=O)-S-R1 (II) or R3-(NH-C(=O)-X-R4) (III) and/or bivalent fluorocarbyl group-containing compound of formula: R5-X-(C(=O)-NH-R6-NH-C(=O)-O-Rf'-O)m-C(=O)-NH-R6-NH-C(=O)-X-R5 (III).R2=1-20C monovalent hydrocarbyl;R3=2-42C n-valent hydrocarbyl, bivalent residue (excluding both-terminal-isocyanate-group-containing urethane prepolymer formed by reacting 4-44C diisocyanate and 2-20C diol), residue excluding isocyanate group of 9-118C diisocyanate-modified substance having allophanate bond, or residue excluding isocyanate group of 11-131C diisocyanate-modified substance having biuret coupling;R4,R5=R1;X=O or S, in which at least one X is S;n=2-6;R6=2-42C bivalent hydrocarbyl;Rf'=2-20C bivalent fluorocarbyl, in which at least one H is optionally substituted by fluoro;andm=1-27.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive film is formed by either of indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide , zinc oxide and tin oxide. The binder material is a polytetrafluoroethylene. The pigment is selected from with red dye N719, black dye N749, dye D131, dye D205, phthalocyanine-type dye or porphyrin dye. The semiconductor fine particles are made of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, indium tri-oxide , niobium three oxide or tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic film is formed by a polyethylene terephthalate resin and polyethylenenaphthalate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder component is chosen from a group consists of acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyether resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, PVC resin, polyolefin resin, epoxy resin, polyvinyl ester resin, phenol resin, alkyd resin, and silicon alkoxide hydrolyzate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The layer (A) and second interlayer and layer (B) and third interlayer, is more than 4 N/cm. The backsheet has water vapor permeability of 0.01-5.0 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity. The layer (B) is formed by extrusion lamination of resin containing material. Preferred Composition: The layer (C) is polyester film having inorganic vapor deposition layer containing inorganic substance or inorganic oxide and polymeric film layer laminated on the vapor deposition layer surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Curable composition contains 55-90 mass% component (C). Component (C) is silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Curable composition contains 0.1-10 mass% component (B).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Thickness of base film is less than or equal to 100 mu m. Thermal contraction rate of laminated film heated at 200 degrees C for 10 minutes is less than or equal to 40% of thermal contraction rate of base film heated under the same conditions. Preferred Compositions: Laminated film is biaxially stretched film formed by base film containing polyethylene terephthalate resin. Curable composition contains 9-45 mass%, preferably 9-44 mass% component (A). Laminated film comprises hardened application layer formed by coating solution of curable composition on base film and curing. Component (A) is photopolymerizable oligomer containing greater than or equal to 2 acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups or (meth)acrylate monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The liner is made from thermoplastic such as polyoxymethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers/polycarbonate and polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The dispersing particle is in form of fine powder having median diameter size of 10-110 microns. The electrolytic solution is sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing material further comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having 10-14 %mass vinyl acetate, where the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has mass mean molecular weights of 10000-300000. The sealing material further comprises triazole compound, UV absorber, silane coupling agent in the incident surface side sealing material, and epoxy compound in the rear side sealing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The surface (S) is surface at which process liquid is coated, or surface (1a) of anode. The organic electronic element further contains compound (C1) and light-emitting layer (4) between the layer (A) and cathode. The surface (S) further has layer (B) having hole transportability between anode and layer (A). Preferred Process: The ionic compound is adhered on surface of the layer (B). The ionic compound is adhered by coating the process liquid. During manufacture of organic electronics element, layer (B) is formed, the process liquid is coated on surface of the layer (B), and then layer (A) is formed on the surface of the layer (B). Then, light-emitting layer is formed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process liquid is coated to surface (S1). Preferred Composition: The process liquid further contains compound (C1) having polymerizable substituent. The polymerizable substituent of compound (C1) is chosen from oxetanyl group, epoxy group, vinyl group, vinyl ether group, acrylate group and methacrylate group. The ionic compound has anion(s) of formulae (1A)-(5A), and cation(s) chosen from cation of element belonging to group 1 and group 2 and cation of formulae (1B)-(3B).E1=O;E2=N;E3=C;E4=Ga or B;E5=Sb or P;Y1-Y6=single bond or divalent linking group;R1-R16=electron-attracting monovalent group, in which R2 and R3, 2 or more of R4-R6, 2 or more of R7-R10 and 2 or more of R11-R16 are bonded;A1=element which belongs to group 17 or group 14;A2=element which belongs to group 16 or group 14;A3=element which belongs to group 15;andR'1-R'9=H or organic group, in which R'1 and R'2, 2 or more of R'3-R'5 and 2 or more of R6-R9 are bonded.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particles contain barium-silicon oxide of formula: BaxSiyOz, where x and y is 0-1 and x+2y is z, and have average particle diameter 0.1-5 mu m. The coating solution further includes inorganic particles chosen from tin oxide, barium titanate, alumina, cerium oxide, titania, lithium phosphate, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, zirconia, calcium oxide and yttrium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic binder is polystyrene, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, polyolefin, acryl polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polyethylene oxide, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate and/or starch-based polymer. The coating solution further contains additive chosen from macromolecular dispersant, wetting agent, antifoaming agent, leveling agent, thickening agent, liquidity controller, adhesion promoter, additive and UV absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The window layer is zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is transparent glass or plastic substrate. The metal electrode layer contains aluminum, calcium, silver, zinc and/or chromium. The transparent electrode layer is aluminum-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, silver nanowire, graphene and carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fullerene derivative is (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate (PCBM), (6,6)-phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate, bis-PCBM, indene-C60-monoadduct (IC60MA), indene-C70 monoadduct (IC70MA), 1',1",4',4"-tetrahydro-di(1,4)methanonaphthaleno(5,6)fullerene-C60 (IC60BA), 1',1",4',4"-tetrahydro-di(1,4)methanonaphthaleno(5,6)fullerene-C60 (IC70BA), biindene-C60 monoadduct (BC60MA) and biindene-C70 monoadduct (BC70MA). The thickness of the fullerene derivative layer is 10-50 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The light guide material may also be made from glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light guide is made from a material selected from one of polycarbonate, injection molded polymethyl methacrylate, injection molded polymethyl methacrylimide, cyclo olefin polymers, cyclo olefin copolymers, and silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the fixing element is either a polyurethane resin, a polyurethane rubber, a polycarbonate or an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylic acid alkylester having 8C or more alkyl group is preferably (meth)acrylic acid alkylester having 8-12C alkyl group. The trifunctional or higher crosslinkable monomer is trifunctional-tetrafunctional crosslinkable monomer. The ethylene-type unsaturated monomer having carboxyl group is (meth)acrylic acid. The slurry further comprises negative electrode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Component (A) is dissolved at concentration of 0.5-2 moles in 1 L of component (B), and component (B) contains individual solvent of open chain compound or mixed solvent of open chain compound and cyclic compound in which mass ratio of open chain compound and cyclic compound is 10:0-2:8. Component (C) is represented by formula (4). Component (D) is a compound of formulae M(-R1,R2,R3,R4) and/or (6). Component (C) contains polyvinyl butyral and/or polyvinyl acetoacetal and has degree of acetalization of greater than or equal to 55 mol.% and saponification degree of greater than or equal to 80 mol.%.y=10-40 mol.%;Qa=H, halo, or greater than or equal to 1 C;2x+y+z=100;M=Si, B, Ti, or Zr;R1-R4=alkoxy which may be same or different; andring Z=may form 5- or 6-membered ring with B and O and may have alkyl as substituent.Preferred Parameters: Under 80 degrees C heating, polymer gel electrolyte has surface angle of sample tubing of 0-60 degrees with respect to a perpendicular direction when 90 degrees of sample tubings are inclined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The melt flow rate of the base resin is 20-40 g/10 minutes. The peak intensity ratio of silicone-carbide peak and CH2 peak of silane-modified polyethylene-type resin is 0.15-0.85. Preferred Composition: The content of silane-modified polyethylene-type resin and crosslinking agent with respect to base resin is 5-30 %mass and 0.5-2 parts mass, respectively. The sealing material is provided with the adhesion enhancing layer comprising the sealing material composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The assembly has spacing materials e.g. insulating materials that are selected from a group consisting of PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride, perfluorinated sulfonic acid, perfluorinated polymer and fluorocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biopolymer matrix is a protein, glycoprotein, chitin, and/or lustrin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The energy storage structure (E2) further comprises a dielectric material, where the dielectric material is aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, barium titanate, lead titanate, or lead zirconate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The structure (S1) has a thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm. In the structure (S2) the conch shell slice has a thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm, preferably 0.5 mm. The conch shell slice includes a nano-calcium carbonate lamina dispersed between biopolymers structure. The high energy storage structure (E1) further comprises at least one electrode attached to the structure. The sheet of nanocomposite has a thickness of 0.4-0.6 mm. The sheet of nanocomposite has characteristics including (a)-(c) as above per se.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic metal salt is inorganic-metal-salt compound. The inorganic metal salt contains metal element including iron or cobalt. The inorganic metal salt is hydrate salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing compound is of formula (I), preferably nitrogen-containing compound of formulae (II)-(VI), or salt of pyridyl porphyrin excluding metal complex and pyridyl porphyrin excluding metal complex. The heteroaromatic ring and heteroaromatic group-containing heteroaromatic ring are 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, preferably pyridine ring or pyrimidine ring. The nitrogen-containing compound has two or more heteroaromatic rings. The conjugation heterocyclic ring is porphyrin ring. The precursor further contains organometallic complex. The organometallic complex is ( beta )-diketone metal complex, preferably acetylacetone iron(II) complex.L1-L4=coupling group, single bond or double bond, in which at least one of L1-L4 is coupling group having heteroaromatic group;R1-R4=H or substituent, where at least one of R1-R4 is heteroaromatic group;andZ1-Z4=cyclic structure, where at least one of Z1-Z4 contains heteroaromatic ring.Preferred Process: The precursor is baked at more than 400 degrees C. The baked nitrogen-containing carbon alloy is washed using acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The backside metal protective layer comprises copper, chromium, nickel or their alloys. The metal layer comprises a multilayer including a copper backside protective layer and a silver layer. Preferred Property: The metal layer has thickness of 0.05-0.15 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ultraviolet-absorbing compound is chosen from oxanilide, benzophenone, hypersensitivity pneumonitis triazine, benzotriazole, formamidine and their derivatives. The concentration of ultraviolet-absorbing compound in the abrasion resistant layer is 0.5-5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The multilayer reflective film layer further has a backside metal protective layer. The polymeric layer comprises polyester, preferably polyethylene terephthalate. The abrasion resistant layer comprises UV-cured acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), ethylene-norbornene copolymer, polynorbornene, Zeonex (RTM: cyclo olefin polymer), Zeonor. (RTM: cyclo olefin polymer), allyl diglycol carbonate, copolymerized styrene and methyl methacrylate, NAS. (RTM: Styrene acrylic copolymer) and/or ZYLAR. (RTM: impact-modified styrene acrylic copolymer), and ultraviolet-absorbing compounds having cut-off wavelength of less than 385 nm. Preferred Properties: The abrasion resistant layer has cut-off wavelength of 345-385 nm and thickness of 2-10 mu m. The multilayer reflective film has reflectance of more than 85% with respect to electromagnetic radiation in the terrestrial solar spectrum. The thickness of polymeric layer and adhesive layer is 10-130 mu m and 10-60 mu m, respectively. The total thickness of multilayer reflective film is 10-130 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali hydroxide (B) is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The etching liquid (L1) further contains silicate compound. The silicate compound is a silicate of sodium and/or potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Before etching texture, a primary etching is carried out using an etching liquid (L2) containing alkali hydroxide (B) and a seed crystal formation agent (C). A pyramid-shaped seed crystal having average base length of 1 mu m or less is formed on the silicon substrate such that area ratio of pyramid portion in the seed crystal is 30% or more with respect to surface of silicon substrate, during primary etching process. Preferred Composition: The seed crystal formation agent (C) is chosen from lignin, cellulose, ketone, and ester, preferably lignin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles are alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, nickel(II) oxide, calcium oxide, tin dioxide, yttria, magnesium oxide, barium titanate, calcium titanate, strontium titanate, silicon carbide, lithium phosphate, lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3) and/or lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate ((Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer preferably has degree of crystallinity of 10-30% measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer is poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer. The molar ratio of vinylidene fluoride and comonomer in polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer is 97:3-75:25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 0.05-5 pts. wt. carbon black and 1-30 pts. wt. phosphorus-based flame retardant with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyphenylene ether resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin component contains 0-25 wt.% styrene resin and 100-75 wt.% polyphenylene ether resin. Preferred Properties: The resin composition has Charpy impact strength with a notch of 11 kJ/m2 or more at -30 degrees C, measured according to ISO179. The Du-Pont impact strength of flat-plate molded article with thickness of 2.5 mm formed using the resin composition is 7 J or more, measured according to ASTM-D2794, and flame retardance of the molded article with thickness of 0.75 mm is V-0 measured based on UL94 specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible material is selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyproylene (PP), PTFE, polyvinylchloride (PVC), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of artificial graphite with respect to total content of natural graphite, artificial graphite and coated natural graphite is 50 vol.% or more. The content of coated natural graphite with respect to the total content of natural graphite, artificial graphite, and coated natural graphite is 50 vol.% or more. The positive electrode active material comprises complex oxide containing lithium and nickel. Preferred Properties: The ratio of particle diameter (D50) of artificial graphite with respect to particle diameter (D50) of natural graphite and coated natural graphite is 0.65-1.35.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous binder is rubber-type binder chosen from styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, methyl methacrylate- butadiene rubber and methyl methacrylate methyl rubber. The aqueous binder comprises styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate includes glass substrate, ceramic substrate, stainless steel substrate, polymer substrate and/or metallic board.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The solar cell includes backsurface eletrode layer including molybdenum, nickel and/or copper, transparent conduction layer containing zinc oxide, transparent conduction layer containing indium tin oxide, reflection barrier layer containing magnesium fluoride, front electrode layer containing aluminum, silver and/or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The buffer layer includes cadmium selenide, indium selenide (InxSey, where x and y are not defined), indium hydroxy sulfide (In(OH)xSy), zinc-indium selenide (ZnInxSey) and/or zinc selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The third material comprises indium-tin-oxide nanoparticles. The first inorganic material comprises zinc oxide nanoparticles and the second inorganic material comprises vanadium oxide nanoparticles and molybdenum trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The interconnecting layer further comprises recombination layer of third material. The device further comprises hole transporting layer and an electron transporting layer. The hole transporting layer comprises vanadium oxide, and molybdenum trioxide. The electron transporting layer comprises zinc oxide. The interconnecting layer comprises metal oxide polymer hybrid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of additive compound is less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 0.5 wt.% with respect to total weight of electrolyte. The cathode comprises nickel, manganese and cobalt. The anode comprises activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from poly(9-vinylcarbazole), poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride), poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene), poly(l-hexadecene-sulfone), poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide) and/or poly(bis(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenoxy)phosphazene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Foam: The rigid, closed cell polymeric foam (F1) comprises 60-75 wt.% of polystyrene; 2-12 wt.% of blowing agent; and 15-25 wt.% of glass fibers dispersed throughout the foam (F1). The rigid, closed cell polymeric foam (F1) or rigid polymeric foam comprises foamable polymer (preferably polystyrene); 2-12 wt.% of blowing agent; and service temperature enhancing agent dispersed throughout the foam (F1) or rigid polymeric foam respectively. The foam (F1) or Foam (F1)-based insulation board further comprises 1-20 wt.% of fibrous material. The foamable polymer has glass transition temperature of 210-260 degrees F. The foam (F1) has closed cells having an average cell size of 0.01-1 mm. Preferred Components: The polyaramid is poly para-phenyleneterephthalamide pulp. The fibrous material is selected from chopped glass fibers, carbon fibers, nano-carbon fibers, nano-carbon tubes, nylon fibers, poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers and/or unbranched polyaramid fibers (preferably chopped glass fibers). The foamable polymer is polystyrene. EXAMPLE - A extruded polystyrene foam comprising upto balance polystyrene, 7.8 wt.% of 50/50 blend of HFC-134a (RTM: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane)/HFC-152a (RTM: 1,1-difluoroethane), 1 wt.% of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) as flame retarding agent, 0.2 wt.% of graphite as nucleating agent, and 20 wt.% of fiber glass chopped strand was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The recess feature is filled with a dielectric material chosen from benzocyclobutene, polyimide, epoxy, polybenzoxazole, spin-on glass, and/or thermal silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Portion(s) of silicon substrate and through-silicon via are thermally oxidized to form an oxide of silicon. The oxide of silicon is stripped using an aqueous solution comprising hydrofluoric acid. Preferred Composition: An aqueous acid mixture utilized during formation of through-silicon via in silicon substrate is chosen from hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and iodine and potassium iodide. A plating base utilized during formation of through-silicon via in silicon substrate comprises metal chosen from copper, tungsten, titanium, palladium, platinum, and nickel. A plated metal structure utilized during formation of through-silicon via in silicon substrate comprises copper, gold, silver, nickel, and platinum. An isotropic etchant utilized during formation of through-silicon via in silicon substrate comprises mixtures of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, or nitric acid and ammonium fluoride. The spherical-shaped noble metal structure is chosen from solid noble metal, a polymer bead coated with noble metal, and a non-noble metal ball coated with a noble metal. The noble metal of noble metal structure comprises a metal chosen from gold, platinum and silver. The etchant aqueous solution comprises mixture of hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid. The silicon substrate is chosen from monocrystalline silicon, solar grade silicon, and polycrystalline silicon, and comprises electroconductive silicon. Preferred Properties: The spherical-shaped noble metal structure has average diameter of 25-250 mu m. The through-silicon via has characteristic opening size of 25-500 mu m, and density of 0.1-1000 mm-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The case is made of metal such as aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The foam includes polyurethane foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wet-laid nonwoven fabric further contains core-in-sheath type composite fibers, polyethylene sheath, and core component of polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: During 2nd stretching process, propylene-based resin film is stretched 2-2.5 times to direction of extrusion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of hexallyl melamine in composition is 0.01-3 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass ethylene- polar monomer copolymers. The organic peroxide is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy) hexane and/or t-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Properties: The 10% arrival time of maximum torque measured by die vulcanization test A method of ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is 4.2 minutes or less, according to JIS K6300-2:2001.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective profile is made from glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramide fibers or natural fibers. The protective profile is embedded in a plastic matrix, particularly in polyamide, polypropylene, polyblend or polybutylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The insulating material comprises a component chosen from butyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and/or styrene butadiene rubber. The insulating material is an aqueous solution in which 10-90 wt.% insulating material is dispersed in water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The lead-containing glass frit comprises 50-80 wt.% lead oxide, 1-15 wt.% aluminum oxide, 1-20 wt.% silicon dioxide and 5-40 wt.% boron trioxide. The lead-free glass frit comprises 0-10 wt.% strontium oxide, barium oxide, 0-20 wt.% zinc oxide and 0-10 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide. The lead-free glass frit further comprises 0-5 wt.% sodium oxide, 0-10 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide, 0-5 wt.% lithium oxide and 0-5 wt.% potassium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle comprises 1-25 wt.% polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrodes further include sulfate ion. The electrolyte contains strong acid aqueous solution. The strong acid aqueous solution is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. The insoluble particles are porous bead particles having diameter of 0.1-5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quaternary ammonium salt is trimethylammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode oxide layer is made of indium-zinc-tin oxide, indium tin oxide, indium-tungsten-oxide, indium molybdenum oxide, indium niobium oxide, indium gallium oxide, indium-sulfur-oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, aluminum-gallium zinc oxide, niobium doped titanium dioxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide and boron-doped tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The disappearance fiber (A) is an aliphatic polyamide fiber. Preferred Properties: The disappearance fiber (B) has coking value of 5% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains dispersion medium and organoaluminum compound of formula (III). The content of organoaluminum compound is 0.1-80 %mass. The hydrolysis catalyst is chosen from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrofluoric acid or organic acid chosen from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid and succinic acid, and contains ammonia and/or amine. The dispersion medium is chosen from terpene-type solvent, ester-type solvent, ether-type solvent, and alcohol solvent.R2=R1;n=0-3;X2,X3=O or methylene;andR3,R4,R5=H or 1-8C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The rods are made of a glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is made of aluminum nitride and silicon-oxide. The rods are made of electronic materials such as silicon and germanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The first electrode and the second electrode are formed by indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide, or tin oxide. The porous semiconductor layer is formed by titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, indium oxide, niobium (III) oxide, and tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is formed by propylene carbonate, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, acetonitrile, methoxy acetonitrile, or propionitrile. The pigment is formed with N719-type red dye, N749-type black dye, D131-type organic dye, phthalocyanine-type dye, or porphyrin dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred composition: The catalyst layer is formed by platinum, carbon or conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic material comprises metal chosen from titanium, indium, tin, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, aluminum, silicon, zirconium, zinc, gallium, germanium, antimony and cerium. The said inorganic material is an oxide, carbide or carbonized material, boride, nitride or sulfide. The electrode comprises substrate that is a metal substrate, a glass substrate, or a resin substrate. The carbon material is chosen from carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon nano-tube, fullerene, and carbon nano-fiber. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the inorganic material and the carbon material is 95/5-10/90. The photoelectric conversion element further comprises electrolyte solution comprising 0.05 mol/l or more iodine and ionic liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent comprises a solvent with a boiling point of 150 degrees C or more and 50 wt.% or more. The element comprises dye with carboxyl group or cyano group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium organic acid salt-boron trifluoride complex is carboxylic acid lithium salt- boron trifluoride complex. The component (A) is chosen from organic acid, organic acid salt and lithium fluoride, preferably chosen from carboxylic acid, carboxylate and lithium fluoride, more preferably chosen from polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid alkali metal salt, carboxylic acid of formula: R1(COOX1)n1 and carboxylic acid alkali metal salt. The ratio of concentration (mol/kg) of component (A), and concentration (mol/kg) of lithium atom derived from lithium organic acid salt-boron trifluoride complex is 1-100 mol%.R1=hydrocarbyl;X1=H, lithium, sodium or potassium;andn1=1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell module from which carbon atom replaced either by oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, phosphorus atom or sulfur atom and the number of hydrogen is changed in the hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises phosphoric acid compound of formula: R1-P(-OH)(=O)-H (II) or R2-P(-OH)(=O)-H (III). The phosphoric acid compound is phenylphosphonic acid. The content of phosphoric acid compound is 10-80 mmol% with respect to total carboxylic acid number-of-moles of components comprising polyethylene terephthalate.R1,R2=alkyl having 1-6C hydrocarbyl, aryl or benzyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: When the intrinsic viscosity of polyethylene terephthalate in the polycondensation reaction is 0.2 dl/g or more, oxalic acid compound is added with a liquid under reduced pressure. The oxalic acid compound is obtained by transesterifying an alkylester of oxalic acid, and alkylene glycol at transesterification rate of 70-92%, and polymerizing. Preferred Properties: The breaking elongation reduction-by-half time of the polyester film is 104 hours or more at 121 degrees C under relative humidity of 100%. Yellow index change (( Delta )YI) of the polyester film in the Lasteriskaasteriskbasterisk colorimetric system after high pressure mercury lamp irradiation for 8 hours is 6 or less. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2=methyl or ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (A) comprises two types of inorganic halide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The lamination sheet further comprises a layer (C) containing thermoplastic resin as main component on surface different from the surface which is in contact with the layer (A). The layer (B) is in contact with the layer (C). Preferred Composition: The main component of layer (B) is polyolefin resin. The main component of layer (C) is polyolefin resin different from the main component of layer (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Clay thin film contains clay and polyimide resin. The clay thin film laminated polyimide film has clay interlayer containing sodium ion and/or lithium ion as interlayer ion. Lithium ion occupies greater than or equal to 50 wt.% of clay interlayer ion. Clay thin film contains greater than or equal to 50 wt.% clay with respect to total mass of clay thin film. Preferred Parameters: Film thickness of clay thin film is 0.5-7 mu m. Polyimide film has tensile elastic modulus of greater than or equal to 4 GPa. Tensile elongation value of clay thin film laminated polyimide film after heat-processing at 450 degrees C for 30 minutes is greater than or equal to 20% than the tensile elongation value before heat processing. Tensile elongation value of clay thin film laminated polyimide film after heat-processing at 500 degrees C for 30 minutes is greater than or equal to 2% than the tensile elongation value before heat processing. Heat reduction amount when using TGA-50 thermal analyzer to heat up to 500 degrees C at 16 degrees C/minute and heat-preserving at 500 degrees C for 30 minutes is less than or equal to 1.5 wt.%. Preferred Processes: Anchor-coat layer and clay thin film are laminated on single surface or both surfaces of polyimide film, and polyimide film and anchor-coat layer are in contact which each other. The clay thin film laminated polyimide film is manufactured using aromatic diamine components e.g. p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether, and/or 3,4'-diaminodiphenylether and acid anhydride components e.g. pyromellitic dianhydride and/or 3,3'-dianhydride-4,4'-diphenyl-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The (meth)acrylic acid amide compound is obtained by reacting nitrile compound of formula: R3-CN and amide compound of formula: H2N-C(R2OHC)3 in presence of potassium hydroxide and aqueous dioxane, and reacting obtained amide compound of formula: H2N-C(R2OR3CN)3 with carboxyl compound of formula: C(-R1)=C-COOH in presence of 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride and dichloromethane. Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylic acid amide compound is of formula: CH2=C(-R')-C(=O)-NH-C(CH2O-C2H4CN)3.R'=0C or 1C alkyl. EXAMPLE - 10 g Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, 10 mL dioxane and 2.5 mL potassium hydroxide aqueous solution were added to round bottom flask. 1706 mL Acrylonitrile was added to obtained mixture and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 100 mL Dichloroethane was dissolved in obtained mixture, 50 mL ion exchange water was added, and 4 times washed. The organic layer was dehydrated using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed from the organic layer under reduced pressure, and 10.15 g (meth)acrylic-acid amide compound was obtained as yellow liquid with yield of 43.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyol (i) is obtained by reacting branched alkane polyol, non-branched alkanediol and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of branched alkane structure portion and non-branched alkane structure portion is 1/3-3/1. Alternately, the resin composition comprises polyol (A), compound (B) and hydroxyl-containing aliphatic polycarbonate (C) as an essential component. Preferred Properties: The polyol (A) has number average molecular weight of 5000-20000. The polyol (i) has number average molecular weight of 500-5000. The polyol (A) has hydroxyl value of 2-30.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The transition metal contained in late transition metal or late transition metal compound is palladium or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The homogeneous system organic ligand is organic phosphorus ligand or organic arsenic ligand. The molar ratio of ligand atoms contained in the homogeneous system organic ligand with respect to late transition metal or metal compound is 0.1-4. The monomer is chosen from aromatic compounds of formulae (I)-(VI).R1,R2=H, halo, or alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted);R33,R34=H, halo, or atoms of group-14 elements;R1+R33,R2+R34,R33+R34=ring;X1,X2=active group;X12,X13=atoms of group-16 elements;X14=group capable of direct-bonding or connecting united conjugated system of two 5-membered rings;X3,X4=halo, alkylsulfonyloxy group, or arylsulfonyloxy;R25-R28,R31,R32=H, or 1-20C hydrocarbyl, 2-20C aromatic heterocyclyl, acyl, alkoxy, or aryloxy (all optionally substituted);Y1,Y2=atom chosen from group-15 elements;R19-R22=H, halo, or optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl;Y3,Y4=carbon atom, nitrogen atom, or -CR43-;andR43=H, halo, optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl, or optionally substituted 2-20C aromatic heterocyclyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The coupling reaction is a cross-coupling reaction. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2=groups having atom chosen from Li, Mg, Zn, B, or group-14 elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises adding a thiophene compound of formula (II) and (III), having a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2, into a catalyst and an organic solvent followed by Stille coupling reaction to obtain (I) in an oxygen free environment, where the catalyst is an organic palladium or a mixture of organic palladium and an organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium acetate or tris dibenzylideneacetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-2-biphenylyl)phosphine. The organic palladium phosphine catalyst and the organic ligand have a molar ratio of 1:4-1:8. The organic palladium catalyst and (I) have a molar ratio of 1:20-1:100. The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at a temperature of 70-130 degrees C, preferably 90-120 degrees C for 6-60, preferably 12-48 hours. Preferred Method: The method further comprises purifying (I) after completion of the Stille coupling reaction, dissolving (II) and (III) in methanol to obtain a precipitate, filtering the precipitate and then extracting with methanol and n-hexane to obtain a solid, dissolving the solid in chloroform, and then evaporating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The palladium-based catalyst is chosen from palladium compounds in oxidation state (0) or (II). The copper-based catalyst is a catalyst in oxidation state (II). The molar ratio of bithiophene compound (II) and palladium-based catalyst is 100:1-100:15. The molar ratio of bithiophene compound (II) and copper-based catalyst is 1:0.2-1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reacting process is carried out in presence of molecular oxygen, solvent, ammonium quaternary salt, weak organic base, weak organic acid and palladium-based catalyst and/or copper-based catalyst, at 80-170 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The 3,3'-bithiophene derivative is 3,3'-bithiophene. The weak organic base is an organic base having dissociation constant of 4.67 or less. The molar ratio of bithiophene compound (II) and weak organic base is 1:1-1:10. The weak organic acid is an organic acid having dissociation constant of 5.03 or more. The molar ratio of bithiophene compound (II) and weak organic acid is 1:0.1-1:1. The usage amount of bithiophene compound (II) is 0.05-2 moles with respect to the solvent. The solvent is aprotic and/or dipolar organic solvent. The molar ratio of bithiophene compound (II) and quaternary ammonium salt is 1:05-1:5. The benzodithiophene compound is preferably of formula (III). Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=n-butyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The salt compound comprises lithium tetrafluoroborate and sodium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous organic solvent is cyclic carbonate solvent, linear carbonate solvent, ketone solvent or ester solvent. The cyclic carbonate solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate or butylene carbonate. The linear carbonate solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, or ethyl propyl carbonate. The ester solvent is chosen from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma -butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -caprolactone, delta -valerolactone and epsilon -caprolactone. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonylimide), lithium aluminate, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium cobaltate, lithium-cobalt-nickel-manganese oxide of formula: LiCo0.2Ni0.56Mn0.27O2, lithium triflate and lithium perchlorate. The nonaqueous liquid electrolyte further comprises 0.1-10 wt.% nitrile compound and 0.1-5 wt.% sultone compound. The nitrile compound is chosen from 2,2,2-trifluoromethylethoxy glutaronitrile, 3-methoxy glutaronitrile, 3-ethoxy glutaronitrile, 3-dimethylamino glutaronitrile, and thiomethoxy succinonitrile. The sultone compound is chosen from 1-methyl-1,3-propenesultone, 1,3-propanesultone, 1,4-butanesultone, 1,3-propenesultone, and 1,4-butenesultone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The primary buffer layer comprises cadmium sulfide, cadmium-zinc sulfide, indium selenide, indium hydroxide, zinc-indium sulfide, zinc-indium selenide, tin oxide, zinc-tin oxide and zinc oxide. The secondary buffer layer comprises zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc-indium sulfide, zinc-indium selenide, zinc-magnesium oxide, zinc-tin oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide and cadmium-zinc sulfide. The back surface electrode layer comprises nickel, copper and molybdenum. The copper-indium-gallium selenide light absorption layer contains copper, indium, gallium and selenium. The front electrode comprises zinc oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide, indium oxide, lead oxide, cupric oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide and indium tin oxide. The tertiary buffer layer comprises zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, zinc-indium sulfide, zinc-indium selenide, zinc-magnesium oxide, zinc-tin oxide and zinc oxide. The substrate of solar cell is stainless steel, titanium, polymer, glass or ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent plastic material is selected from ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polypropylene (PP), polycarbornate (PC), polystylene (PS), polyoxyethylene (POM), acrylonitrile styrene (AS) copolymer resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) copolymer resin and triacetyl cellulose (TAC). The synthetic high molecular material is selected from urethane, polyimide (PI) and polyamide (PA). The solar panel is made up of amorphous silicon thin film, micro-crystalline silicon thin film, crystalline poly-silicon thin film and poly crystalline silicon thin film. The solar cell module is made up of nano crystalline silicon thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous nanoparticles have average particle diameter of 300-500 nm, and are titanium oxide nanoparticles. The semiconductor oxide or metal oxide is oxide of titanium, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium, gallium, strontium-titanium and calcium-titanium. The nanoparticles of light absorption layer have average particle diameter of 10-20 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye is ruthenium-based dye, xanthene dye, cyanine dye, porphyrin-based dye or anthraquinone dye. The electrolyte is halogen-containing oxidation-reduction electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode chemical formulation includes zinc; or a first metal and the cathode chemical formulation includes a second metal that is different from the first metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The biocompatible material or encapsulant includes alginates, parylenes, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylene glycols, polypyrroles, derivatized celluloses, polysulfones, or polyamides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves (e) oxidizing the recovered catalyst particles, and (f) dissolving the transition metal that is not oxidized. The electrolysis step is performed at room temperature to less than 100 degrees C, in which a mesh-shaped electrode is used as a working electrode. Preferred Components: The abundance ratio (molar ratio) of the noble metal and the transition metal is 3:1-10:1. The solution comprising the transition metal ion is aqueous solution, organic solvent, or molten salt. The platinum alloy is chosen from platinum-cobalt (Co) alloy, platinum-gold (Au) alloy, platinum-palladium (Pd) alloy, platinum-nickel (Ni) alloy, and platinum-iron (Fe) alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic device material comprises fluorene derivative (I) as electron-accepting organic compound having absolute value of highest occupied molecular orbital level of 5.5 eV or more and absolute value of lowest occupied molecular orbital level of 3.5 eV or more. The electron-accepting organic compound is fullerene compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The electron-donating organic compound is conjugation-type polymer. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R2=alkyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent resin comprises polyolefin (i), 2 or more polymer block (iia) having repeating unit derived from aromatic vinyl compound as a main component, and block copolymer hydride (iib) having repeating unit derived from chain-shaped conjugated diene compound as main component in which 90% or more of unsaturated bonds are hydrogenated, ethylene-(meth)acrylate copolymer (iii), ionomer (iv) obtained by reacting ethylene and unsaturated carboxylic acid random copolymer with metallic compound, methacrylic-ester (co)polymer (v), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (vi) having vinyl acetate content of less than 20 wt.%, and modified polymer in which alkoxy silyl group is introduced into polymer chosen from polymer (i)-(vi).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, or lithium nitride-containing compound of formula: LiN(CnF2n+1SO2)(CmF2m+1SO2) (III). The positive electrode contains lithium-containing complex oxide as positive electrode active material. The negative electrode contains carbon material as negative electrode active material. The carbon material is graphite or amorphous carbon. The secondary battery further consists of film-clad component.n,m=natural number.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gel electrolyte further contains sultone compound of formula (II) having sulfonyl groups, vinylene carbonate or its derivatives, solvent, and polymer. The amount of cyclic sulfonate ester contained in the gel electrolyte is 0.005-10 wt.% with respect to total amount of the gel electrolyte. The solvent is chosen from cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, aliphatic carboxylate, ( gamma )-lactone, lithium salt, cyclic ether, chain-shaped ether, and fluorine derivative.n=0-2;andR4-R9=H, 1-12C alkyl, 3-6C cycloalkyl, or 6-12C aryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer is chosen from poly(meth)acrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, and polyethylene oxide. Preferred Definitions:    R1=H;    R2=-CmH2m+1;    m=1-3;and    R3=-(CH2)-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The charge transport layer is made from material selected from titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, yttrium oxide-zirconium dioxide, cupric oxide, cuprous oxide, tantalum pentoxide, lead zirconate titanate, niobium pentoxide, iron oxide, ferric oxide, and germanium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A bromadioxolane derivative of formula (II) and thiophene derivative of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 are added to catalyst and alkali solution in organic solvent under oxygen-free environment, and Suzuki coupling reaction is performed at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours. The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butyl phosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium and bromadioxolane derivative is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of solute of the alkali solution and bromadioxolane derivative is 20:1-50:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoset plastic includes an epoxy resin (16), and greater than 80 wt.% to less than 91 wt.% at least one additive configured to increase a thermal conductivity. The metal fiber fabric comprises aluminum or copper. The temperature control plate comprises fins (18) on a side remote from the components. The plastic-metal composite material comprises a compression molding of a continuous sheet of the metal fiber fabric with an epoxy resin. The battery arrangement further comprises a casing (22) configured for a component, where the casing includes the temperature control plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process involves carrying out biomass conversion at 500-700 degrees C. The process comprises the catalyst system which selectively converts highly oxygenated biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zeolite is catalyst 1, zeolite socony mobil (ZSM) 11, ZSM-12, or SSZ-24, preferably catalyst 1. The catalyst matrix has a mesopore size of 60-200 angstroms, preferably 100-120 angstroms, 0.5-2 wt.%, preferably 0.7 wt.% cerium, and silicon, and aluminum in ratio of 40:280.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition is prepared by preparing dry gel is by first combining PLURONIC (RTM: Block copolymers based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) F-127 or PLURONIC (RTM: Block copolymers based on ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) P-123 with de-ionized water at 40 degrees C, adding aluminum, silicon and cerium sources at 40 degrees C, adding a structure directing agent tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, and mixing the resulting mixture in a reaction vessel at 40 degrees C, aging the mixture at 60 degrees C for at least 8 hours, and exposing the reaction vessel to the atmosphere raising the temperature of the mixture to 90 degrees C to dry the mixture for a period of time sufficient to form a solid dry gel, steaming the solid dry gel at 175 degrees C to form a powder, washing and filtering the powder, and calcining the powder at 500-600 degrees C, where aluminum source is aluminum isopropoxide, silicon source is tetraethyl orthosilicate, and cerium source is cerium nitrate hexahydrate, cerium acetate, or cerium chloride. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The element has an insulating layer formed of thermoplastic polyethylene resin or polypropylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zirconium oxide is ZrO(2-x), where x is 0.001-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic peroxide with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer is 0.2-5 (pts. wt.). The content of hindered amine-type optical stabilizer with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer is 0.01-2.5 (pts. wt).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer has ratio of Z-average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of 8 or less, measured by gel permeation chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic resin of the thermoplastic resin sheets is polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The volume average particle diameter of the silicon particles is 0.1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cyclic silane is silylcyclopentasilane, cyclopentasilane, or cyclohexasilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The cyclic silane ring-opening polymer is obtained by performing photopolymerization or thermal polymerization of cyclic silane at a temperature of 60-200 degrees C. The photopolymerization process is carried out by irradiating ultraviolet rays with respect to cyclic silane, and maintaining at room temperature for 10 hours or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphoric acid compound is phenylphosphonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester film has breaking elongation reduction-by-half time of 104 hours or more, at 121 degrees C and relative humidity of 100%, and yellow index change in Lasteriskaasteriskbasterisk colorimetric system of 6 or less, after high pressure mercury lamp 8 hours irradiation. Preferred Process: When the intrinsic viscosity of polyethylene terephthalate is 0.2 dl/g or more in polycondensation reaction process of polyethylene terephthalate, the oxalic acid glycol ester is added in liquid form under reduced pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent barrier layer forms the vapor deposition film of silicon oxide in polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The Debye waller factor of metals other than the noble metal is 0.05 or more. The oxidation degree (x) is 0.3-0.9, when the metal other than noble metal is of formula: MOx. The total concentration of the ion of noble metal in the solution formed by mixing metal ion and solvent of metal other than the ion of the noble metal and a noble metal, and metal ion other than a noble metal, is 4.0 mM or less.M=metals other than noble metal;andO=oxygen.Preferred Process: During manufacture of catalyst particles, the precursor preparation process involves adding a reducing agent, after mixing the ion of a noble metal, and metal ion other than noble metal in a solvent, and the oxidation process involves contacting solution in which the mixed particle precursor dispersed, and oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The noble metal particles contain platinum. The metals other than noble metal are chosen from titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, tantalum, and molybdenum. The noble metal is platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The conductive filler of integrated PVT module is made up of ceramic nano sized particle and ceramic micron sized particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thermally conductive filler is made up of magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride and aluminum nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The thermal collector is made up of aluminum material and copper material. The thermally conductive and electrically insulating layer is made up of aluminum sheet and copper sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second encapsulation layer is made up of silicone, polyolefin, thermally conductive silicone and thermally conductive polyolefin. The first encapsulation layer is made up of silicone and polyolefin. The thermally conductive and electrically insulating layer is made up of layer of fluoropolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of copolymers (A) and (B) is 50000-1000000 and 2000-80000, respectively. Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is polyisocyanate compound, polyfunctional epoxy compound, metal chelate compound, carbodiimide compound and/or aziridine compound, preferably polyisocyanate which is aliphatic and/or alicyclic polyisocyanate. The content of copolymer (A) is 30-95 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. copolymers (A,B). Preferred Process: The copolymer (A) is obtained by copolymerizing 0.01-10 pts. wt. ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated compound (m1) having functional group chosen from carboxyl group, amido group, carbonyl group and N-alkoxyalkyl group, and 90-99.99 pts. wt. other ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated compound (m3). The copolymer (B) is obtained by copolymerizing 0.01-20 pts. wt. ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated compound having active hydrogen group (m2), and 80-99.99 pts. wt. other ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated compound (m3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The contact bonding layer further comprises inorganic composition containing inorganic component(s). The layer (2) is a layer (A) containing coexistent phase of zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-aluminum oxide or a layer (B) containing coexistent phase of zinc sulfide and silicon dioxide. The layer (A) contains a composition comprising 20-40 atomic% zinc, 5-20 atomic% silicon, 0.5-5 atomic% aluminum and 35-70 atomic% oxygen measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrochemical analysis. The molar fraction of the zinc sulfide with respect to the sum of silicon dioxide and zinc sulfide in the layer (B) is 0.7-0.9. The gas barrier laminate further has a base layer laminated between the base material and gas barrier layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin substrate is made of polycarbonate resin or acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coloring agent is a pigment. The content of pigment is 3-80 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylic-type resin having dispersible group has glass transition temperature of 60 degrees C or more, and hydroxyl value of 1-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester film has apparent specific gravity of 1.2 or more. The polyester A layer has tape peeling strength of 0.9 N/mm or less and thickness irregularity of 0-2 mu m, when the tape peeling test is carried out. The thickness irregularity is the difference between maximum value of thickness of layer (5) adhered to the tape and minimum value of thickness of layer (5) adhered to the tape. Preferred Composition: The polyester contains 5-30 %mass inorganic particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface layer contains resin which has the hydroxyl group and double bond as a binder and the polyisocyanate compound which has a block forming polyisocyanate compound. The resin has a hydroxyl group and a double bond is acrylic resin. The surface layer is a hardening weather-resistance protective layer formed from the composition containing resin which has a hydroxyl group as a binder and a de-blocking polyisocyanate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The rigid carrier element is made of metal such as extruded aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer film is made of basic components that are selected from acrylic rubber (ACM), ethylene acrylate rubber (AEM), polyurethane rubber (PUR), bromine butyl rubber (BIIR), chlorine butyl rubber (CIIR), epichlorohydrin rubber (CO), chlorine butadiene rubber (CR), chlorsulfonisiertes polyethylenes (CSM), ethylene oxide epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM/EPM), fluorine rubber (FFPM/FFKM), flurocarbon rubber (FPM/FKM), fluorine methyl polysiloxane (FVMQ), butyl rubber (IIR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), Indian rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EH), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyacrylate (PA) and polypropylene pin non-woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Curable composition contains 0.1-10 mass% photoinitiators (B). Preferred Process: Hardening application layer is formed by coating and curing solution of curable composition containing greater than or equal to 30 mass% photoinitiators (B) and 0.1-10 mass% polyfunctional acrylate monomer (A) with respect to whole composition at base film. Transparent laminated film is biaxial stretching film formed by base film containing polyethylene terephthalate resin. Preferred Parameters: Thermal contraction rate at the time of thermal contraction rate of laminated film at the time of heating for 10 minutes at 200 degrees C is less than or equal to 40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layers: The printing layer has one or more functional printing layers. The functional printing layer has a pattern indicating-function printing layer. The printing layer is preferably a layer containing reflective function printing layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (P) is prepared by performing Stille coupling reaction in benzothiadiazole derivative of formula (A) and dithiophene of formula (B) at molar ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1 in organic solvent in the presence of organic palladium catalyst, separating, and purifying. Preferred Components: The organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride. The molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst and compound (A) is 1:2000-1:5. The organic alkali solvent is triethylamine. The catalyst is palladium acetate. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours. The separation and purification of compound (P) is carried out by mixing solution from coupling reaction with toluene, adding deionized water, extracting organic solvent, evaporating, adding ethanol, precipitating, filtering, washing, dissolving in chloroform, performing neutral alumina chromatography, removing organic solvent, and precipitating using methanol, filtering, washing with acetone, collecting acetone solution, precipitating using methanol, and filtering. The separation and purification of compound (A) is carried out by extracting with water and dichloromethane, retaining organic layer, drying using anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtering, and evaporated solvent using silica gel column chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting benzothiadiazole derivative (II) and benzothiopene derivative (III) with organic palladium catalyst in organic solvent, separating and purifying. Preferred Component: Organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride. Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours. Purification of compound (I) involves mixing reaction liquid, water and toluene, extracting, precipitating, evaporating, filtering, dissolving in chloroform, performing chromatography, removing organic solvent, precipitating, filtering, extracting and filtering. Purification of benzothiadiazole derivative (II) involves washing reaction mixture with water, extracting using methylene chloride, drying, filtering, distilling and separating via silica gel column chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Fluorine containing composite film has thickness of 0.02-0.05 mm. Binder layer has thickness of 0.02-0.05 mm. Polyethylene terephthalate thin film has thickness of 0.01-0.03 mm. Fluorine containing resin thin film layer has thickness of 0.02-0.05 mm. Preferred Components: Fluorine containing composite film is 0.005-0.015 mm polyvinylidene fluoride layer and polypropylene composite film. Binder layer is polyurethane binder or acryl. Fluorine containing resin thin film layer comprises tetrafluoroethylene resin and ethylene resin. Preferred Methods: Preprocessing is carried out by surface cleaning and surface chemical treating. Surface chemical treating is plasma surface treating or surface corona treating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The solar battery is chosen from crystalline silicon solar battery and thin film solar battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flexible substrate contains metal or film of polymer material chosen from polyester and fluoropolymer. The ethylene copolymer is ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic material is of formula AxBy.A=Si, Mg, Ti, Zn, Al, Mo, or Ba;B=O, S, or SO4; andx,y=1-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Weathering layer, structural reinforcement layer, and reflecting layer has thickness ratio of 20-100:40-400:20-150, preferably 30-60:150-300:20-150. Preferred Components: Structural reinforcement layer and reflective layer contains connecting layer. Connective layer is maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, or ethylene acrylic ester maleic anhydride terpolymer. Preferred Process: Co-extrusion is carried out by extruding connecting layer material particles, structural reinforcement layer material particles, and reflecting layer material particles in extruder, and coating on weathering layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder comprises 60-80 wt.% bismuth oxide, 8-15 wt.% silicon dioxide, 5-15 wt.% zinc oxide, 5-10 wt.% titanium dioxide and 1-5 wt.% sodium nitrate, and has grain diameter of 0.1-1 mu m and softening temperature of 450-500 degrees C. The content of silver powder, glass powder, organic carrier and pore-forming agent is 50-70 wt.%, 2-10 wt.%, 20-40 wt.% and 0.5-5 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particle size of pore-forming agent is 3-10 mu m. The silver powder has spherical shape, particle size of 0.2-2 mu m, specific surface area of 1-3 m2/g and tap density of 4-5 g/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises 70-90 wt.% organic solvent, 5-20 wt.% thickener and 0.5-5 wt.% additive. The organic solvent is chosen from ester, terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine, butylcarbitol acetate, ethylene glycol butyl ether and ethylene glycol ether acetate. The additive is chosen from polyamide powder, modified hydrogenated castor oil, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thickener is chosen from ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, alkyd resin and phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The content of glass particles (A) contained with respect to content of glass particles (B) is 1-75 wt.%. The silver paste preferably comprises 1-10 wt.% organic carrier, 1-7 wt.% glass particles (a,b) and remainder of silver particles. The glass particles comprise silicon-lead-boron oxide, lead oxide, lead oxide-silicon dioxide, lead oxide-boron trioxide and/or tellurium powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises 10 wt.% cellulose polymer, 20 wt.% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate and remainder of terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnesium source raw material includes magnesia, magnesium hydroxide and/or magnesium carbonate. The aluminum source raw material includes aluminum hydroxide, magnesia, magnesium aluminate spinel or boehmite. Magnesia is calcined magnesia or fused magnesia having low BET of 0.1-40 m2/g. The pore-forming agent includes cellulose, polymethylmethacrylate or graphite. The fused magnesia and the calcined magnesia are in the powder form with average particle diameter of 0.5-50 mu m. Preferred Method: The magnesium raw material source and the aluminum raw material source are mixed in 70:30-85:15 weight ratio. The method further comprises mixing by adding 0.1-20 pts. wt. pore-forming agent based on 100 pts. wt. starting material, and calcining the obtained mixture at 400-1000 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Molten magnesia and aluminum hydroxide were mixed in 77.5:23.5 weight ratio for 1 hour, calcined at 1250 degrees C for 4 hours, cooled naturally, pulverized and 40.5 wt.% obtained powder with particle size of 0.5-5 mu m was mixed with 19 wt.% magnesium aluminate spinel with average particle size of 28 mu m and 40.5 wt.% molten magnesia with average particle size of 2 mu m for 3 hours to obtain raw material. 5 pts. wt. Cellulose was added to raw material, dehydrated, filtered, extrusion molded to form flat pipe shape and dried at 110 degrees C for 12 hours. The molded product was calcined and plasticized at 1500 degrees C for 8 hours with constant internal pressure to obtain the support.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting 5,10-bis(2-thienyl)benzothiopheno(7,6-g)benzothiophene compound of formula (V) with n-butyllithium in tetrahydrofuran, and adding trimethyl chloride into a reaction system to obtain 5,10-bis(2-thienyl)benzothiopheno(7,6-g)benzothiophene compound of formula (VI), reacting obtained (VI) in the presence of palladium catalyst under the protection of an inert gas and then adding solvent, filtering the reaction mixture to obtain precipitate, performing Soxhlet extraction process with the precipitate, and concentrating the precipitate with chloroform extract. Preferred Method: The method comprises washing the precipitate with methanol, acetone, n-hexane and chloroform, and reacting obtained product in solvent including toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, chlorobenzene or o-dichlorobenzene for 8-24 hours, and reacting (VI) with 2-bromothiophene compound of formula (VII) according to a molar ratio of 1:1. Preferred Components: (I) are perylene diimide, and have an average molecule weight of 5000-1000000, preferably 20000-300000. (I) are preferably 5,10-bis(2-thienyl)benzothiopheno(7,6-g)benzothiophene compound of formulae (II)-(IV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: EVA resin is chlorinated EVA, europium EVA, fluorinated EVA or nano-modified EVA copolymer. EVA resin has vinyl acetate content of 28-36%. Hindered amine light stabilizer is bis(1-octyloxy-2 2 6 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, or poly(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine ethanol-alt-1,4-butanedioic acid). The tackifier is titanate coupling agent, gamma -ammonia propyl triethoxy silane, gamma -glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxy silane, or 3-ammonia propyl triethoxy silane. The light curing agent is biphenyl formyl, benzophenone, or benzoin and its ether derivative. The ultraviolet light absorbent is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octanoxy benzophenone, or 2-(4,5-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-octyloxy) phenol. The antioxidants is tri (2,4- di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, trimethyl phosphite (monononylphenyl and dinonylphenyl mixed esters), tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, pentaerythritol tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate or n-octadecyl- beta -(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane is vinyl trimethoxy silane or vinyl triethoxy silane. The inorganic filling material includes mica, silicon doped hydroxyapatite or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is di-tert-butyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further comprise antioxidant and UV-resistant agent. Preferred Components: The polypropylene homopolymer and/or polypropylene block copolymer has a melting point of 160-165 degrees C using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and melt flow rate of 1-2 g/10 minute. The component B has melting point of 120-125 degrees C using DSC, and melt flow rate of 1-2 g/10 minute. The filling material is inorganic filling material or polymer filling material. The polymer filling material includes polyamide or polyester. Preferred Method: The melting and extruding step is carried out at 150-220 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is vinyl dimethoxysilane, gamma -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane or gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar energy back plate base material resin composition further comprises 10-50 pts. wt. silane coupling agent-pretreated filler i.e. titanium pigment, sericite, glass fiber, carbon fiber, talc powder, calcium carbonate, wollastonite, carbon black and/or kaolin. It further comprises antioxidant and UV-resistant agent. Preferred Method: The screw melt extrusion processing is conducted at 150-220 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine modified resin comprises epoxy group-containing poly(perfluoroalkyl methacrylate), epoxy group-containing poly(perfluoroalkyl methacrylate) containing nano-montmorillonite, poly hexafluoro butyl methacrylate epoxy resin, bisphenol A epoxy-hexafluoro-butyl methacrylate resin, and/or bisphenol A epoxy-perfluoro-butyl methacrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, and/or ketone. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, or N-methylpyrrolidone. The ester is alcohol ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate, or butyl acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, or glycol methyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The modified epoxy resin is polyacrylic acid perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate resin, nano montmorillonite-containing polyacrylic acid perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate resin, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate epoxy resin, bisphenol A epoxy resin, butyl methacrylate resin, and/or bisphenol A epoxy-perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amino group-containing light stabilizer is bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester, (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate or (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidine-ethyl ester). The curing agent is phenyl ketone compound including dibenzoyl compound, benzophenone and benzoin ether. The antioxidant is tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(monononylphenyl and dinonylphenyl) mixed ester, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite or tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modified epoxy resin is perfluoroalkyl polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid perfluoroalkyl ester, hexafluoro butyl methacrylate resin, bisphenol A-epoxy hexafluoro-butyl methacrylate resin and/or bisphenol A epoxy-perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The melt-extrusion temperature is 160-220 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The filler is titanium dioxide, sericite powder, glass fiber, carbon fiber, talc, calcium carbonate, wollastonite, carbon black, and/or kaolin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The filler is pretreated using silane coupling agent chosen from aminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, gamma -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and gamma -methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The catalyst is chosen from dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, dibutyltin diacetate, and dioctyltin dilaurate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Polyethylene is metallocene polyethylene having a density of 0.91-0.96 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, ketone, or aromatic hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol or N-methylpyrrolidone. The ester is ester alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methylbutyl-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate or butyl glycol acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol ether or glycol ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy-based resin is glycidyl ether-based epoxy resin, glycidyl ester type epoxy resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin or alicyclic epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The epoxy resin is glycidyl ether epoxy resin, glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin, and/or alicyclic epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amine light stabilizer is bis (1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester, (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate and/or succinate 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidineethanol. The curing agent is aromatic carbonyl compound, preferably phenyl ketone compound, benzophenone and/or benzoin ether or their derivatives. The antioxidant is tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris (monononylphenyl and dinonylphenyl ester), tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tetrakis(B-(3,5--di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) and/or octadecyl ( beta )-(3,3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionic acid octadecyl) ester. The ultraviolet absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-n-octyl-4-benzophenone and/or 2-(4,5-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5 (octyloxy) phenol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is glycidyl ether-based epoxy resin, glycidyl ester-type epoxy resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin and/or alicyclic epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Polyester resin is unsaturated polyester resin or unsaturated polyester resin and epoxy resin, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic ester or organic silicon modified resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Solvent is an alcohol, ester, ether, amine, ketone, and/or hydrocarbon solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Polyester resin is unsaturated polyester resin or unsaturated polyester resin and epoxy resin, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic ester, or organic silicon modified resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amine light stabilizer is bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, or 4-hydroxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidyl)succinate. The light curing agent is aromatic carbonyl compound, preferably ketone-based compound, more preferably benzophenone or benzoin ether. The antioxidant is tris(2,4-butylphenyl) phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris (monononylphenyl and dinonylphenyl) mixed ester, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, or tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin is unsaturated polyester resin and/or epoxy resin, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic ester, or organic silicone-modified resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Polycarbonate is aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic polycarbonate, preferably aromatic polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amine light stabilizer is chosen from bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate and polysuccinate (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidineethanol). The tackifier is chosen from titanate coupling agent, r-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, r-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The crosslinking agent is chosen from 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 1,1(bis-t-butylperoxy)3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate. The ultraviolet-light absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone, 2-(4,5-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5(octyloxy)phenol or 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone. The antioxidant is chosen from tris(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl)phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris (nonylphenyl)phosphite, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), tris(monononylphenyl and dinonylphenyl) mixed esters, n-octadecyl beta -(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and N,N-hexyldiyl-3,5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl propionate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polycarbonate is aromatic polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amino group-containing light stabilizer is bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate ester, (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate or (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidine-ethyl ester). The curing agent is phenyl ketone compound including dibenzoyl compound, benzophenone and benzoin ether. The antioxidant is tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(monononylphenyl and dinonylphenyl) mixed ester, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite or tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorinated polyimide resin comprises fluorine, silicon, phosphorus, hydroxyl, large volume of conjugated substituents, or macromolecular chains, or fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, ketone and/or aromatic hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol or N-methylpyrrolidone. The ester is chosen from 9 compounds e.g. ether ester, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate and butyl glycol acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol diethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amine light stabilizer is bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate or (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, and/or polybutylene succinate(4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine)ethyl ester. The curing agent is aromatic carbonyl compound, preferably phenyl ketone, dibenzoyl, benzophenone, and benzoin and ether derivatives. The antioxidant is tris(2,4-butylphenyl)phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(monononylphenyl and dinonylphenyl) mixed esters, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) and/or n-octadecyl- beta -(4-hydroxy3,5-di-t-butyl hydroxyphenyl) propionate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorinated polyimide resin comprises fluorine, silicon, phosphorus, hydroxyl, large volume of conjugated substituents, or macromolecular chains, or fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone or hydrocarbon. Thin film solar cell with polyimide-based inkjet printer ink comprises ketone, ester and ether. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol alcohol or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol or N-methylpyrrolidone. Ester is ester alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methylbutyl-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate or butyl glycol acetate. Viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methylthiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyimide resin comprises fluorine, silicon, phosphorus, hydroxyl group, conjugated or bended macromolecular chains, or fat structural unit of main chain or bending monomer modified polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly 3-methyl thiophene. The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone or hydrocarbon. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol or hexanol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol or N-methyl pyrrolidone. Ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate or glycol ether acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or glycol methyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin is unsaturated polyester resin, mixture of unsaturated polyester resin and epoxy resin, polyacrylic acid or organic silicone modified resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorine-modified epoxy resin solution comprises epoxy group of polyacrylic acid having perfluoroalkyl group ethyl ester, polyacrylic acid containing nano montmorillonite with epoxy groups perfluoroalkyl acrylate, methacrylate containing nano powders hexafluoride butyl epoxy resin, bisphenol epoxy-methyl methacrylate hexafluoro-butyl resin, bisphenol epoxy-perfluoroalkyl group or ethyl acrylate resin. Viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methylthiophene. Solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone or hydrocarbon. Thin-film solar cell with fluorine-modified epoxy resin-based ink comprises ketone, ester and ether. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol alcohol or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol or N-methylpyrrolidone. Ester is ester alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methylbutyl-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate or butyl glycol acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol ethyl ether or ethyl glycol ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The ink further contains ketone, ester and ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The viscosity regulator is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methyl thiophene. The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone and/or hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol and/or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate and/or butyl acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or methoxy propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate resin is ethylene vinyl acetate, chlorinated ethylene-vinyl acetate blend fluorine-modified acrylic resin, chlorinated ethylene-vinyl acetate blend fluorine-modified polyurethane resin and other fluorine-modified resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone or hydrocarbon. Thin film solar cell with polyimide-based inkjet printer ink comprises ketone, ester and ether. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol alcohol or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol or N-methylpyrrolidone. Ester is ester alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methylbutyl-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate or butyl glycol acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene ethyl ether or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methylthiophene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorinated polyimide resin comprises fluorine, silicon, phosphorus, hydroxyl group, conjugated or bended macromolecular chains, or fat structural unit of main chain or bending monomer modified polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly 3-methyl thiophene. The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone or hydrocarbon. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol or hexanol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol or N-methyl pyrrolidone. Ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate or glycol ether acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or glycol methyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is glycidyl ether-based epoxy resin, glycidyl ester type epoxy resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin or alicyclic epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone or hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol and/or hexanol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone. The ester is methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, or glycol ether acetate, or butyl acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or cellosolve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl acetate resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate, modified ethylene-vinyl acetate or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methyl thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone, and/or hydrocarbon, preferably ketone, ester, and ether. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and/or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, and/or N-methyl pyrrolidone. Ester is alcohol ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl-acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate, and/or butyl glycol acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and/or diethyl glycol ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Modified epoxy-based resin solution is epoxy radical-containing polyacrylic acid perfluoroalkyl ethyl ester, polyacrylic acid perfluoroalkyl ethyl ester containing nano-montmorillonite with epoxy radical, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate epoxy resin nanopowder, bisphenol A epoxy hexamethacrylic acid butyl ester resin, and/or bisphenol A epoxy acrylic acid perfluoroalkyl ethyl ester resin. Viscosity regulator is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly-3-methyl-thiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone and/or hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol and/or fluorinated alcohol. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol and/or N-methylpyrrolidone. The ester is alcohol ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate and/or glycol ether acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether and/or glycol methyl ether. The viscosity modifier is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly(3-methylthiophene).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is glycidyl ether epoxy resin, glycidyl ester epoxy resin, glycidyl amine epoxy resin, linear aliphatic epoxy resin and/or alicyclic epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone, and/or hydrocarbon. Ink contains ketone, ester, and ether. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and/or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, and/or N-methylpyrrolidone. Ester is ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate, and/or butyl glycol acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polycarbonate is aliphatic, aromatic, or aliphatic-aromatic polycarbonate, preferably aromatic polycarbonate. Ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene gylcol diethyl ether, and/or ethylene gylcol monomethyl ether. Viscosity regulator is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly(3-methylthiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone, and/or hydrocarbon. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and/or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, and/or N-methylpyrrolidone. Ester is alcohol ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate, and/or butyl glycol acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, and/or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Viscosity regulator is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly(3-methylthiophene).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyimide resin is made of fluorine, silicon, phosphorus radical, or hydroxyl radical, large volume of conjugated substituents or bent macromolecular chain, or fat structural unit or bent modified monomer of polyimide resin. Polyimide paint contains ketone, ester, and ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, amide, ketone, and/or hydrocarbon. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, and/or fluorinated alcohol. Ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, and/or N-methylpyrrolidone. Ester is alcohol ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate, and/or butyl glycol acetate. Ether is diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, and/or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Viscosity regulator is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or poly(3-methylthiophene).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Fluorinated polyimide resin is made of fluorine, silicon, phosphorus radical, or hydroxyl radical, large volume of conjugated substituents or bent macromolecular chain, or fat structural unit or bent monomer-modified polyimide resin. Fluorinated polyimide coating contains ketone, ester, and ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Polyethylene resin is selected from low-density polyethylene or high-density polyethylene. Plasticizer is selected from adipate, polyester adipate or trioctyl trimellitate. Cross-linking agent is selected from dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert.-butylperoxy)hexane, tert.-butyl cumyl peroxide, butyl -4,4- bis (tert.-butylperoxy) valerate or tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate. Thickening agent is selected from titanate coupling agent or silane coupling agent, where titanate coupling agent is di(dioctylpyrophosphato)ethylene titanate and silane coupling agent is selected from propyl dimethoxy silane, methyl vinyl dimethoxy silane or (3-aminopropyl)dimethoxysilane. Antioxidant is selected from tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, 2,2-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl propionate. Ultraviolet absorbent is selected from 2-hydroxy-4-(n-octyloxy)benzophenone or 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Processes: Preparation of megawatt wind power high strength and high toughness nodular cast iron with low temperature of - 30 degrees C includes casting using resin at 1310-1380 degrees C and slowly air cooling at less than or equal to 400 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Chemical grouting liquid comprises chemical liquid (A) and (B). Liquid A comprises (in pts.wt.): epoxy resin (50-70), diluting agent (20-30), surface active agent (1-2) and toughening agent (0.5-2). Liquid B comprises aliphatic amine curing agent (30-70), polyamide curing agent (15-30) and accelerating agent (1-5). Diluent is selected from butanone, cyclohexanone, xylene, n-butyl alcohol, styrene and butyl glycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether or 1,4-butanediol glycidyl ether. Surface active agent is KH-550, KH-560 or KH-580 silane coupling agent. Toughening agent is dioctyl phthalate (DOP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or carboxyl liquid nitrile rubber. Fatty amine curing agent is selected from vinyl diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, diethylaminopropylamine, trimethyl hexamethylene diamine or hexamethylene diamine. Epoxy resin is selected from E-51, E-44, E-55 or E-42 epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The single-sided adhesive layer is a polyethylene terephthalate film whose surface is adhered with the flowable curing adhesive. The flowable curing adhesive is one of polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, epoxy resin and styrene-isoprene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium catalyst is tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium, di(triphenyl phosphine)palladium or tris(dibenzylidene acetone)palladium. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexyl-phosphino phosphorus-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst and compound (Ia) is 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymer (I) is prepared by carrying out Heck coupling reaction of thiomorpholine derivative of formula (Ia) and brominated thiophene derivative of formula (Ib) in presence of catalyst in organic solvent at 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours in an oxygen-free atmosphere, adding methanol to reaction mixture, filtering, washing obtained solid using methanol and n-hexane, then extracting using chloroform, collecting chloroform solution, and evaporating the solvent. The molar ratio of compound (Ia) and compound (Ib) is 1:1-1:1.2. The catalyst is organic palladium, or a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Condition: The Heck coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, the organic phosphine ligand is tributylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl, and molar ratio of organic palladium to organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises adding 2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (II) and 4,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-(alkylsulfonyl)thieno(3,2-c)thiophene compounds of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 into an organic solvent, and carrying out Stille coupling reaction in presence of a catalyst at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours under anaerobic condition, where the catalyst is organic palladium or a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Method: Molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst to (II) is 1:20-1:100, and the Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 12-48 hours. The method further comprises separation and purification of obtained product by precipitating Stille coupling reaction solution with methanol, filtering, washing the resulting solid with methanol and n-hexane, extracting the solid with chloroform, then collecting chloroform solution, evaporating the solvent and purifying to obtain pure product i.e. (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base is selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium acetate, and tris dibenzylidene acetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolyl or 2-dicyclohexyl-phosphino phosphorus-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparing polymer containing thiazole unit (I) involves providing fluorene compound of formula (A) and thiazole compound of formula (B) at molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.2; and performing Suzuki coupling reaction of compound (A) and compound (B) in presence of catalyst, base, organic phosphine ligand and organic solvent under vacuum condition at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours to obtain the polymer (I). The catalyst is palladium or a mixture of organic and organic palladium organophosphorus ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles are chosen from titanium dioxide in nano form and titanium dioxide. The surface active agent is chosen from sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polysorbate, lauric acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether, sorbitan fatty acid esters and glyceride fatty acid. The dispersing agent is chosen from titanic acid ester coupling agent, monoalkyl ether and single-alkoxy group-pyrophosphate. The viscosity regulator is chosen from hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is chosen from water, ethanol, terpineol and isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is alcohol, ester, ether, amine, ketone and aromatic hydrocarbon. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol and alcohol fluoride. The ketone is acetone, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol and methyl pyrrolidone. The ester is alcohol ether ester, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, glycol ether acetate and butyl acetate. The ether is diethyl ether, polypropylene ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether and glycol methyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethylene vinyl acetate resin is chlorinated ethylene vinyl acetate, europium-doped ethylene vinyl acetate, fluorinated ethylene vinyl acetate and nano-modified ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polycarbonate is aliphatic polycarbonate, aromatic polycarbonate and/or aliphatic-aromatic polycarbonate. The solvent is N, N-dimethyl formamide, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, butyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexanone, o-dichlorobenzene, dimethylbenzene, toluene and/or benzene.
Preferred Definitions:    R1 = monomers containing ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, polyether diol, polyester diol, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate or hydroxyethyl acrylate;    R2 = monomer comprising isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine acid diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate or 2,4-tetramethyl xylene diisocyanate;    R3 = monomer comprising 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid, 2,2-dimethylol butyric acid, 1,4-butanediol-2-sulfonate, 2,3-di-hydroxy-3-methyl valeric acid, heptanoic acid or 3,4,5-trimethylol;    R4 = monomer comprising 3,4'-diamino diphenyl ether, 1,2-propylene diamine, p-phenylenediamine, hexamethylene diamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, piperazine, 2,5- dimethyl piperazine, isophorone diamine, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexyl methane, 3,3-dimethyl 4,4-diamino-dicyclohexyl methane, 1,4- cyclohexane diamine; and    R5 = monomer comprising 1,4,5,8-naphthalene dianhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, 1,3-cyclohexyl benzoic anhydride, succinic acid, adipic acid, maleic anhydride, pyromellitic acid or biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of the deionized water, ammonia water and anhydrous ethanol is 11:10:40. The concentration of the ethyl orthosilicate is 14-15 vol.% and ammonia water is 28 mass%. The concentration of the concentrated sulfuric acid is 98 mass%. The inert gas is argon gas. The concentration of the hydrofluoric acid is 10-20 vol.%. The concentration of the nanosphere template, sucrose, concentrated sulfuric acid and deionized water is: 0.8-2.0 g:1.5-2.5 g:0.15-0.50 ml:10-15 ml. The binding agent is 1 mass% polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, or lithium bis( trifluoromethylsulfonyl )imide. The concentration of the lithium salt electrolyte is 0.4-1 mol/l. The inert gas is argon gas. The lithium ionic electrolyte is utilized in cathode material and anode material. The anode material is lithium-rich solid solution xLi2MnO3. (1-x)LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, where x is 0.5. The cathode material is xLi2MnO3. (1-x)LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, where x is 0.5, polypropylene (PP) membrane, metal lithium cathode and iron liquid base electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Nicotine and halogenated alkyl compound of formula: RX are reacted to obtain nicotine dialkyl halide of formula (IV). The obtained nicotine dialkyl halide (IV), inorganic salt of formula: MY' and deionized water are subjected to ion-exchange reaction to obtain dual-center neonicotinoid ionic liquid (I).X=halo chosen from chloro, bromo or iodo;andM=sodium ion, potassium ion or ammonium ion.Preferred Conditions: Under the protection of inert gas, nicotine and halogenated alkyl compound are stirred and reacted at 60-80 degrees C for 20-60 hours in the molar ratio of 1:2.3-1:2.1 to obtain nicotine dialkyl halide (IV). The compound (IV), inorganic salt and deionized water are reacted at room temperature for 5-20 hours. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of nicotine dialkyl halide (IV) and inorganic salt is 1:2-1:2.2. The volume ratio of nicotine dialkyl halide (IV) and deionized water is 1 mol:300 mL to 1 mol:200 mL. The molar ratio of nicotine and halogenated alkyl compound is preferably 1:2.2. The molar ratio of nicotine dialkyl halide and inorganic salt is preferably 1:2.1. The molar ratio of dual center neonicotinoid ionic liquid (I) and organic solvent is 1:10-1:1, in the ionic liquid electrolyte. The molar ratio of organic solvent and lithium salt is 10-20:1, in the ionic liquid electrolyte. The organic solvent contains ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate in the volume ratio of 1:1-1:4. The lithium salt is lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organopalladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl.The molar ratio of organopalladium to phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organopalladium catalyst to (II) 1:20-1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding 2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene compounds of formula (II) and 4,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2-hydrosulfonylthieno(3,4-b)thiophene compounds of formula (III) at molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 to an organic solvent containing catalyst under anaerobic environment, and carrying out Stille coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours to obtain (I), where the catalyst is organopalladium or mixture of organopalladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Method: The Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 2-48 hours. The method further comprises adding methanol to the reaction solution after Stille coupling reaction, precipitating, filtering, extracting obtained solid with methanol and n-hexane sequentially, then followed by extracting with chloroform, collecting chloroform solution, evaporating the solvent and purifying to obtain (I). Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Components: The alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis-triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl-2-yl)phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine is 1:41:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium and (A) is 1:20:100. The molar ratio of (A) and alkali solution is 20:1-50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprise (a) adding (A) and (B) into a catalyst and an alkali solution containing an organic solvent in an oxygen free environment, and (b) Suzuki coupling (A) and (B) at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, where the molar ratio of (A) and (B) is 1:1.2, and the catalyst is an organic palladium and/or organic phosphorus ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bi-phenyl phosphine palladium chloride, 4,3-phenyl phosphine palladium, palladium acetate, and 3-dibenzylidene acetone-palladium, and the organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-bis cyclohexyl phosphorus-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The alkali solution is selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of the polymer (I) involves reacting compound of formula (i) with compound of formula (ii) in the oxygen free environment, where the molar ratio of the compound (i) and compound (ii) is 1:1 to 1:2, adding obtained mixture into catalyst, alkali solution and organic solvent, and performing a Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours to give the polymer (I), where the catalyst is organic palladium or the mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphorus ligand. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The high-density polyurethane foam insulation plate exhibits heat preservation effect equal to 260 cm brick wall.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the mass ratio of palladium and grapheme, is 1:1-5. In the step (i), the mass ratio of palladium and polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1:5-20. In the step (ii), the mass ratio of palladium and formic acid, is 1 mg:0.1-1 ml. Preferred Method: In the step (iii), the hydro-thermal reaction temperature is 100-180 degrees C, and the reaction time is 6-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is titanium pigment, sericite, glass fiber, carbon fiber, talc, calcium carbonate, wollastonite, carbon black and/or kaolin. The silane coupling agent is ammonia propyl triethoxy silane, ammonia propyl trimethoxy silane, vinyl triethoxy silane, vinyl trimethoxy silane, gamma -glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane or gamma -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Preferred Method: The melt extrusion process is carried out at 160-180 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal polyanion compound is lithium hydroxide and/or lithium dihydrogen phosphate. The polyanion source is ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and/or lithium dihydrogen phosphate. The metal ion-containing material is vanadium pentoxide and/or ammonium vanadate. The inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (a) is water, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, N,N-dimethyl formamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-butyrolactone, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or dimethylsulfoxide. The carbon source is inorganic or organic carbon precursor material or mixtures of inorganic and organic carbon precursor material. The inorganic precursor material is chosen from carbon black, graphite, acetylene black and activated carbon. The organic precursor material is coke, organic hydrocarbon, alcohol, ester, ketones, carboxylic acid, salt, ether, sugar, and/or carbohydrate. The content of organic precursor material is 1-12 wt.% with respect to total content of the reactant. Preferred Property: The boiling point of solvent is 50-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric material contains carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and organic material preferably chosen from polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, and enterohemorragic Escherichia coli. The content of polymeric material is 3-12 wt.% with respect to content of total reactants.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The template is styrene or benzene. The carbon source is glucose, phenolic resin, or polyacrylonitrile. The solvent is water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: In binder, the content of inner aromatic ring skeleton is 35-45 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The binder has storage elastic modulus of 1000-20000 dyn/cm2 at 140 degrees C, and peak top molecular weight of 12000-25000, measured using gel permeation chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic semiconductor composition has carrier mobility of 10-2 cm2V-1second-1 or more. The pi-electron condensed ring compound has a layer structure at specific temperature which is a liquid crystal phase or a plastic phase. The substituent of pi-electron condensed ring compound has a photopolymerizable functional group. The pi-electron condensed ring compound further comprises a substituent chosen from alkane and oxyalkane. The pi-electron condensed ring further contains an analog compound which has long-chain group having a photopolymerizable functional group at the terminal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Water-soluble polymer which has a thiol group at the terminal is a thiol derivative of polyvinyl alcohol, polycarboxylic acid, cellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Binder for porous films is a (meth)acryl polymer, and addition amount of binder is 1-20 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The coloring agent is a carbonaceous material or an inorganic oxide pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A radical polymerization initiator is obtained by melt kneading an epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer and an aromatic vinyl monomer. The plastic film is a polyester film or a polycarbonate-type film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chalcogene precursor is selected from a group consisting of an oxygen precursor, a sulfur precursor and a selenium precursor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal precursor is selected from a group consisting of a zinc precursor, a copper precursor, a cadmium precursor, an iron precursor, and a tin precursor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic thermal harvester is comprised of material selected from the group consisting of mercury cadmium telluride, mercury zinc telluride, indium antimonide, indium arsenide, gallium antimonide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, lead telluride, and polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The electroconductive material is carbon black. The content of electroconductive material is 10-200 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin. The thickness of metal layer is 50-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is polyimide resin and/or polyamidoimide resin. The linear expansion coefficient of the resin is 10-30 ppm/ degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin compositions (A) and (B) comprise ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer. The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Process: The light receiving side sealing film is formed from resin composition (A). The back side sealing film is formed from resin composition (B). Preferred Properties: The resin composition (B) has viscosity of 7x 104 Pa.second at 70-95 degrees C, and viscosity of 2x 104 Pa.second at 85-125 degrees C. The resin composition (A) has viscosity of 5x 104 Pa.second at 65-90 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is formed of glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of photoinitiator in protective layer (13) is 1 ppm or less, measured by quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The condensing lens component further consists of another protective layer (C) provided between substrate and protective layer (13). The protective layer (C) contains component(s) chosen from UV absorber, optical stabilizer and antioxidant. The total content of UV absorber, optical stabilizer and antioxidant in protective layer (C) is more than the total content of UV absorber, optical stabilizer and antioxidant in protective layer (13).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is isocyanate group-containing curing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The paint composition further comprises polyester resin, and additive. Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of polyester resin is 10000-20000. The paint composition has glass transition temperature of 40-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass coating contains 15 wt.% or more tellurium oxide and 15-40 %mass vanadium pentoxide, with respect to total weight. The total content of silver oxide and tellurium oxide of the glass membrane is 25 wt.% or more with respect to total weight. The glass coating is 2.6 times or less in silver oxide content rate with respect to vanadium pentoxide content rate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Arrangement: The glass membrane and semiconductor element are connected through a resin material. The glass membrane and substrate are connected through the resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The linear thermal expansion coefficient of surface direction of layer (1) is 15 ppm/K or less. The layer (1) is formed using metal material chosen from ferritic stainless steel and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thermogravimetry reduction rate of the resin is 0.7% or less at 545 degrees C. The layer (2) is formed using resin material containing polyimide and its derivative(s). The polyimide in the layer (2) is synthesized from mixture of biphenyl tetracarboxylic-acid compound and phenylenediamine compound, mixture of biphenyl tetracarboxylic-acid compound, phenylenediamine compound and 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl, mixture of biphenyl tetracarboxylic-acid compound, naphthalene tetracarboxylic-acid compound and phenylenediamine compound, and mixture of biphenyl tetracarboxylic-acid compound, naphthalene tetracarboxylic-acid compound, phenylenediamine compound and 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of lithium difluorophosphate, vinylidene carbonate-based compound and sultone-based compound is 0.05-1 wt.%, 0.1-5 wt.% and 0.01-5 wt.%, respectively. The weight ratio of vinylidene carbonate-based compound and sultone-based compound is 1:1-6:1. The content of electrolyte additive in the nonaqueous electrolyte is 1-10 wt.%. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonylimide), lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium tetrahydridoaluminate, lithium triflate and lithium perchlorate. The vinylidene carbonate-based compound is chosen from vinylidene carbonate and vinylidene ethylene carbonate. The sultone-based compound is chosen from 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone and 1,3-propene sultone. The nonaqueous organic solvent is chosen from chain carbonate, cyclic carbonate, ester, ether and ketone. The cyclic carbonate is chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate and butylene carbonate. The chain carbonate is chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The light shield is formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The optical element unit and guide are made of glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The transparent barrier layer has water vapor permeability of 10-2 g/(m2.day) or less at 40 degrees C under 90% relative humidity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent sealing layer and transparent barrier layer are not laminated through a contact bonding layer. The cyclic olefin resin is a crosslinked component of linear olefin-cyclic olefin copolymer containing linear olefin and cyclic olefin comprising bicyclic olefin as a polymerization component. The molar ratio of linear olefin and cyclic olefin is 85/15-60/40. The transparent base material layer is formed using cyclic olefin resin. Preferred Process: The surface of the transparent barrier layer is contacted with the surface(s) of the transparent sealing layer when wettability with respect to water is improved by surface treatment. The surface treatment is corona discharge treatment or plasma processing. Preferred Properties: The surface of the transparent sealing layer has water contact angle of 80-10 degrees . The cyclic olefin resin has a glass transition temperature of 20-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aluminum hydroxide particles is 0.1-85 %mass. The aluminum hydroxide particles have average particle diameter of 0.01-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains organoaluminum compound of formula (I).R1=1-8C alkyl;n=0-3;X2,X3=oxygen or methylene;andR2-R4=H or 1-8C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 0.1-20 %mass resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The organic solar cell further has 60C fullerene layer (2) which contacts the thiophene/phenylene cooligomer layer, and is arranged between electrode layers of 2 sheets.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell sealing material contains resin composition which has polyolefin resin, ethylene-( alpha )-olefin random copolymer, ethylene-( alpha )-olefin random copolymer and ethylene-( alpha )-olefin block copolymer. The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin block copolymer is ethylene-octene multiblock copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphoric acid-alkali metal compound is sodium dihydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Manufacture of polyester composition further involves adding metal salt of element chosen from alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, and manganese to the esterifying reaction material, before adding phosphoric acid-alkali metal compound and phosphoric acid, and carrying out solid-state polymerization reaction of the obtained polyester composition. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of diol component with respect to dicarboxylic acid component is 1.05-1.3. The metal salt of manganese is manganese acetate. The amount of diol solution of manganese acetate added during the manufacturing process is 2-5 wt.% with respect to the diol solution. Preferred Properties: The pH of the diol solution of phosphoric acid-alkali metal compound and phosphoric acid is 3-5. The temperature of the diol solution of manganese acetate is 5-25 degrees C. The last achieving temperature of the polycondensation reaction is 275-285 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The matrix is selected among materials of synthetic or vegetable origin, bitumen binders, preferably of class of penetrability according to the standard IN 1426 160/220 or 100/150 or 70/100 or 50/70 or 40/60 or 35/50 or 30/45 or 20/30 clear road binders of synthesis or plant origin, preferably of class of penetrability according to the IN 1426 160/220 or 100/150 or 70/100 or 50/70 or 40/60 or 35/50 or 30/45 or 20/30 and polymeric binders.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The backer sheet comprises aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photovoltaic modules each comprise polyethylene terephthalate and form an integral part of a seal made of polyethylene foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Polyester film further comprises 0.5-10 mass% microparticles with respect to polyester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Terminal blocker is chain carbodiimide compound, cyclic carbodiimide compound, or ketene imine compound, preferably ketene imine compound of formula R1-C(=C=N-R3)-R2 (1), (R1-C(=C=N-R3)-R2-)nL1 (2), or R1-C(=C=N-R3)-R2-L2-R4-C(=C=N-R6)-R5 (3). Polyester film further comprises phosphorus compound so that amount of elemental phosphorus in film may become 30-600 ppm.R1, R5=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl, or aryloxy carbonyl;R3, R6=alkyl or aryl;R2, R4=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl, or aryloxy carbonyl optionally having L1 and/or L2 as substituent;n=1-4;L1=coupling group with n valence number; andL2=single bond or divalent connecting group.Preferred Parameters: When average amount of terminal blocker is set to Xave and in-plane standard deviation is set to sigma x, sigma x/Xavex 100=0.5-5. Molecular weight of part, except substituent bonded with nitrogen atom, and nitrogen atom constituting ketene imine of ketene imine compound is greater than or equal to 320. In-plane variation of amount of elemental phosphorus is 2-20%. When average amount of elemental phosphorus is set to Yave and in-plane standard deviation is set to sigma y, sigma y/Yavex 100=0.5-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Amount of void in polyester film is 5-50% with respect to cross-sectional area of polyester. Preferred Processes: Manufacturing method of polyester film includes supplying 1st composition and 2nd composition into mixing extruder in which injected amount of 1st composition is varied. Preferred Definitions:    n=3 or 4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The communication circuit is selected from a group consisting of a wireless transceiver, Bluetooth module, Wi-Fi module and a communication port e.g. universal serial bus (USB) port, parallel port, infrared transceiver port and radiofrequency transceiver port. The device is compatible with network standard e.g. global system for mobile communication (GSM) standard, code division multiple access (CDMA) standard, LTE standard, IMS standard, universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) standard, RFID standard, 4G standard, 5G standard, 6G standard and upper standard. The device is associated with a transactional payment based on unstructured supplementary service data (USSD), short message service (SMS), direct operator billing, credit card mobile payment, online wallet, QR code payment, contactless near field communication, cloud-based mobile payment, audio signal-based payment, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal beacon payment, in-application payment, SDK payment, API payment, social networking payment and a direct carrier and bank co-operation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The battery further comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Synthesizing a polyamide single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte involves: (a) heating a mixture of a bis(4-carbonyl benzene sulfonyl) imide and a dibenzenesulfonic acid to form a polyamide single-ion conducting polymer; and (b) combining the polyamide single-ion conducting polymer with an alkali metal base to form the polyamide single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte of structural formula (Ia). Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of the bis(4-carbonyl benzene sulfonyl) imide to the dibenzenesulfonic acid is between about 1:1 to about 5:1. Preferred Condition: The mixture is heated between about 80 degrees C to about 120 degrees C. Preferred Components: The lithium base is lithium hydroxide (LiOH). The second polymer is polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF). The solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). Preferred Definitions:    M=selected from lithium, sodium and potassium;    R1, R2, R4, and R5=H;    m1 and m2=1; and    n=selected to provide a polymer with a weight average molecular weight in the range of about 5000 to about 500000.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The particles comprise boron and carbon or boron and carbon mixtures. The fiber and the molten ceramic material comprise silicon carbide (SiC). The ceramic powder includes silicon carbide, silicon dioxide (SiO2), Alumina oxide (Al2O3) and carbon or mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive agent composition further contains epoxy compound and inorganic oxide and/or carbon black as pigment. The resin (A) is chosen from acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin and fluororesin. The modified polyolefin (C) has a fluorinated polyolefin structure. The content of the modified polyolefin (C) and pigment is 1-50 pts. wt., respectively with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin (A). The sealing material contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as a main component. Preferred Properties: The resin (A) has number average molecular weight of 5000-50000 and glass transition temperature of 20-110 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aryl group-containing structural unit is preferably of formula (V). The composition further comprises an ionic compound of formula: (M2)a(Z2)b (VI). The fluorene-type structural unit (VII) is preferably of formula (VIII), (IX) or (X). The high molecular compound further contains bipyridinyl-type structural unit of formula (XI).X3=monovalent organic group having lactam structure or monovalent organic group having structure in which heteroaryl ring is directly bonded;a,b=1 or more;M2=ammonium cation of formula: N(R3)4 or metal cation;andR5,R6=divalent organic group. Preferred Definitions:    metal cation=alkali metal cation or alkaline-earth metal cation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The molar ratio of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid in acid component is 60/40-40/60.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic oxide material includes niobium oxide or tungsten oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic material includes polyethylene dioxythiophene and polystyrene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell module is made of methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA) resin and urethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium nonafluorobutane sulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium chloride, lithium iodide, lithium bisoxalatoborate, and lithium imide salt (LiN(C2F5SO3)2, LiN(C2F5SO2)2, LiN(CaF2a+1SO2)(CbF2b+1SO2), where a and b are 1-20).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Sulfolene carboxylate derivative is of formula (I). Sulfolene carboxylate derivative (I) is preferably methyl-3-sulfolene-3-carboxylate(methyl 3-sulforene carboylate).R=1-10C alkyl, 3-30C cycloalkyl, 6-30C aryl, acetate group or (meth)acrylate group.Preferred Composition: The content of sulfolene carboxylate derivative contained with respect to total content of electrolyte is 0.1-10 wt.%. The electrolyte further includes organic solvent and lithium salt. Organic solvent is ester solvent, ketone solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, alkoxyalkane solvent, carbonate solvent, organic solvent having low viscosity and organic solvent having high dielectric constant and organic solvent having low viscosity is 2:8-8:2. Organic solvent having high dielectric constant is chosen from ethylene carbonate and polypropylene carbonate, and organic solvent having low viscosity is chosen from methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The volume ratio of methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate is 5:1:1-2:5:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content rate of the silicon-containing compound is 1-18 %mass, preferably 5-16 %mass, more preferably 6-13 %mass in conversion of silicon dioxide (SiO2). The viscosity of the composition is at 25 degrees C is 10-80 Pa.s.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic binder is chosen from cellulose derivative, acrylic resin, and alkyd resin. The organic binder contains an ethyl cellulose. The dispersion medium comprises at least 1 type of water, alcohol solvent, ether solvent, glycol monoether solvent, and terpene solvent. The dispersion medium comprises at least 1 of terpineol, butylcarbitol, and butyl Carbitol (RTM: 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethanol) acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition comprises 0.2-5 pts. wt. organic peroxide (B) with respect to 100 pts. wt copolymer (A). The carbon atom number of ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer (A) is 8-20. The resin composition further contains 0.01-2.5 pts. wt. hindered amine-type optical stabilizer with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer (A). The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 1-octene. Preferred Property: The branch number (N) of comonomer in an ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 0-54.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline compound comprises potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first derivative compound or the second derivative compound comprises an ethylene glycol ether derivative, preferably ethylene glycol ether acetate, or a propylene glycol ester derivative, preferably propylene glycol ether. The first derivative compound of the alkylene glycol comprises an ethylene glycol. The second derivative compound of the alkylene glycol comprises: dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate; diethylene glycol propyl ether acetate (DEGPEA); or diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate (DEGEEA). The derivative compound of the alkylene glycol comprises: more than one derivative compound of an alkylene glycol; and the ethylene glycol ether derivative, the propylene glycol ester derivative, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (DPGMEA), or DEGPEA. The low molecular weight organic polymer comprises one of acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid, or glycine. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The graphene film comprises: a single graphene sheet or laminate of graphene sheets. The graphene sheet is a single atomic layer graphene sheet and/or network sheet having graphene flakes connected to one another. The nanomaterial comprises: carbon nanotubes, fullerene, carbon nanowires, carbon nanofibers, activated carbon, carbon black, metal, a metal compound, an organic compound, a polymer and/or their carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The sealing material sheet contains ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as main component. The surface which connects the backsheet and sealing material sheet contains layer containing polyolefin as main component. Preferred Property: The thickness of the sealing material sheet is 200-500 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The superconducting bulk component contains platinum, Ph (sic), cerium and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The reinforcement component is stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, or fiber-reinforced plastics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Condition: A buffer layer is provided between the superconducting bulk component and the reinforcement component. The buffer layer is resin, a low melting metal or grease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active layer comprises fullerene derivative, polythiophene derivative and polymer containing thiophene structure in fullerene derivative and a principal chain. Preferred Definitions:    R 1,R 4-R 19=H;    m,n=1 or 2;    n=1;and    R 2,R 3=H or diphenylamino group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic peroxide comprises 1-butyl-(2-ethylhexyl) mono peroxycarbonate, tert-butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate, tert-butylperoxyacetate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy) hexane, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) hexyne-3,1,1-bis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis cyclohexane, methylethylketone perpoxide, 2,5-dimethylhexyl-2,5-bis peroxybenzoate, tert-butylhydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide, benzoylperoxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, tert-butylperoxy isobutylate, hydroxyheptyl peroxide or cyclohexanone peroxide. The curable functional groups comrpise cyanurate, vinyl, methacrylate, acrylate or phthalate. The cross-linking assistant comprises triarylisocyanurate, triaryl cyanulate, divinylbenzene, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, diaryl phthalate, or ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. The composition further comprises an UV stabilizing additive consisting of hindered amine light stabilizers and benzophenone type UV absorber. The ethylenevinylacetate copolymer comprises 0.1-1 pts. wt. of fatty acid amid having 10-20C. The sealing sheet has thickness of 0.6-1.5 mm. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 100 wt.% of ethylene-vinyl acetate; 0.09 wt.% of cross-linking agent; 4 wt.% of cross-linking assistant; 0.2 wt.% of silane coupling agent; 0.3 wt.% of UV absorbers; 0.05 wt.% of UV stabilizer-1; 0.05 wt.% of UV stabilizer-2; 0.002 wt.% of mesoporous silica particles; 0.002 wt.% of silicon dioxide; and 0.002 wt.% of zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Tin-containing thiophene compound of formula (A) and dibromo-thiazole compound of formula (B) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction in presence of catalyst and organic solvent at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours under gas atmosphere, separated and purified, to obtain naphthalene-containing thiophene-pyrrole copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organopalladium compound or organic phosphine ligand, preferably bis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium, palladium acetate, tri(o-methoxy phenyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The component layer comprises at least one of electrode, gas diffusion layer and catalyst layer. The component comprises a porous graphitized substrate (22).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon material has BET specific surface area of 200-1300 m2/g, and ratio of water vapor adsorption amount (mL/g) (V10) at 25 degrees C under 10% relative pressure and nitrogen adsorption BET specific surface area (m2/g) (S) of 0.05x 10-3-1x 10-3. Preferred Composition: The metal is silver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The antireflective coating further comprises carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes comprise single walled carbon nanotubes. The coating further comprises polydimethylsiloxane. The coating comprises 100 mg or more of barium titanate/3 ml solution. The coating comprises 140 mg or more barium titanate/3 ml solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The reflective wall is made of reflective polymer film. The system has a body of an actuator housing to be made from black polymeric material i.e. PTFE material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fiber web comprises a gradient in at least one of fiber diameter, fiber type, fiber composition, fiber length, fiber surface chemistry, pore size, material density, basis weight, solidity, a proportion of a component, stiffness, tensile strength, wicking ability, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and conductivity across a portion, or all, of a thickness of the fiber web.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The noble metal layer contains platinum. The noble metal in the metal particles is chosen from platinum, palladium, gold, iridium, ruthenium and silver. The metal other than noble metal in the metal particles is chosen from titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum. The noble metal salt or noble metal complex contains platinum, palladium, gold, iridium, ruthenium and silver. The salt and complex of metal other than noble metal is chosen from titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum. The content of metal other than noble metal in the precursor solution is 2.5 mM or less. The ratio of number of moles of metal other than noble metal and number of moles of noble metal is 3.2-11. Preferred Property: The metal particles have particle diameter of 2-5.5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further comprises (C) annealing the polyurethane obtained in the step (B) at a temperature of 30-120 degrees C. Preferred Components: The first polyisocyanate is an aliphatic polyisocyanate. The first and second polyisocyanates are different and identical. The prepolymers having the hydroxyl end groups according to step (A) are not isolated, and are directly introduced in the step (B). The step (B) is carried out at a temperature of 20-250 degrees C. The polyurethane has a yellowness index of 1-60. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (f) is carried out at a temperature of 1100-1300 degrees C. During the addition of the precursor, the ratio between a concentration of the water and a concentration of the silicon alkoxide is 30:70. During the addition of the precursor, the ratio between a concentration of the acid and the concentration of silicon alkoxide is 2.5:2 for controlling a pH of the solution to 4. The alumina precursor is added to the solution, before adding the barium oxide precursor, the calcium oxide precursor, the boron oxide precursor, the magnesium oxide precursor, water and acid. After the addition of the alumina precursor, the solution is maintained at a temperature of 15-30 degrees C, preferably 20 degrees C for 10-20 hours, preferably 14 hours. The hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 50-70 degrees C, preferably 60 degrees C. The step of condensating the mixture is carried out by polymerization at a temperature of 70-90 degrees C, preferably 80 degrees C. The pulverizing step is performed by calcination of the xerogel at a temperature of 750-950 degrees C, preferably 850 degrees C for 2-6 hours, preferably 4 hours. Preferred Components: The silicon alkoxide comprises tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetramethyl orthosilicate, and/or their derivatives. The alumina precursor comprises aluminum tri-sec butoxide, aluminum nitrate, and/or aluminum chloride. The barium oxide precursor comprises barium acetate, barium chloride, barium oxide, and/or barium nitrate. The magnesium oxide precursor comprises magnesium acetate, magnesium nitrate, and/or magnesium chloride. The calcium oxide precursor comprises calcium acetate, calcium nitrate, and/or calcium chloride. The oxide precursor is boron trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The elastic material has compressibility of 0.1-20 kPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Mass ratio of polyethylene-oxide derivative and aprotic organic solvent is 1:99-30:70.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The barrier layer contains an aluminum foil to which chromium system chemical conversion treatment is not performed. The barrier layer contains an aluminum foil in which the boehmite film is formed on the surface. Preferred Process: The contact bonding layer (B) is a film formed by inflation molding method. The heat lamination of sealant layer side of the laminate film heating is carried out with the heating roll at temperature higher of 20 degrees C or more than melting point of sealant layer. When bonding the barrier layer and sealant layer together through contact bonding layer (B), the heat lamination of the heat-resistant resin film containing resin other than polyethylene resin having melting point of 20 degrees C or more, which is higher than melting point of sealant layer, is carried out to the non-bonding surface of sealant layer side, and the heat-resistant-resin film is peeled to form sealant layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The contact bonding layer (B) contains polyethylene resin having linear low-density polyethylene as main component. The polyethylene resin is acid modified, and the contact bonding layer has melt flow rate of 0.1-3 g/10 minutes, density of 0.92-0.95 g/cm3, and tensile modulus of elasticity of 100-1000 MPa. The density of both sealant main layer and contact bonding layer is preferably 0.928 g/cm3 or more and density difference of both layers is 0.015 g/cm3 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyester resin is a material obtained by using component (A) which total of the number of carboxylic acid groups and number of hydroxyl groups is greater than or equal to 3. Polyester resin contains 0.1-5 mol/t phosphoric acid alkali metal salts. Foreign material containing phosphorus component with a length of greater than or equal to 100 mu m in the film is less than or equal to 10 piece/1000 cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The component iss comprised of forsterite for the formation of a gas-permeable porously, ceramic material. The ashless burn outable material is selected from the group comprising forsterite, aluminum magnesium spinel and/or endowed zirconium dioxide, elementary carbon, native polymers including cellulosic and starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The layered composite metal compound (I) is heat-processed at 200-800 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total content of baking product (II) and layered composite metal compound (I) with respect to 100 parts mass of ionizing radiation crosslinking-type resin is 0.01-20 parts mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermosetting resin is a poly-isobutylene, epoxy and urethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer has structure of formula (I) or (II).X = H, 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl, 1-20C heteroaryl or amino group of formula (NX1X2);X1, X2 = H, 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl or 1-20C heteroaryl;R1 = 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl, 1-20C heteroaryl or amino group of formula (NX11X12);X11, X12 = H, 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl or 1-20 heteroaryl, 1-20C alkoxy or 2-18C polyethylene oxide group;R2 = 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl, 1-20C heteroaryl or amino group of formula (NX21X22); andX21, X22 = H, 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl or 1-20C heteroaryl, 1-20C alkoxy or 2-18C polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas diffusion layer further consists of a porous layer (B). The content of carbonaceous particles in the porous layer is 5-95 %mass. The carbonaceous particles contain carbon black. Preferred Property: The average thickness (t2) of the porous layer (B) in the opposite surface (B) is 0-20 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dispersion liquid used during the manufacturing process contains hydrophobic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first resin portion is made of one of polypropylene and perfluorinated acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic polymer is a fluorine-based thermoplastic polymer or comprises polyvinylidenefluoride or polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive film layers comprise ethylene vinyl acetate film or polyvinyl butyral film. The thermal insulation layer is made of polyurethane foam or gypsum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt (a2) is lithium acetoacetate and/or lithium carbonate, preferably lithium acetoacetate. The amount of lithium salt (a2) is 0.01-2 wt.% based on total weight of nonaqueous liquid electrolyte. The nonaqueous electrolyte contains less than 20 ppm hydrogen fluoride generated by hydrolysis of lithium salt (a1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonaqueous organic solvent comprises linear carbonate and/or cyclic carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate and/or 2,3-pentylene carbonate. The linear carbonate comprises dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and/or ethyl propyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion-trapping agent is chosen from bismuth oxide-type ion-trapping agent, antimony oxide-type ion-trapping agent, titanium phosphate-type ion-trapping agent, zirconium phosphate-type ion-trapping agent, and/or aluminum silicate-type ion-trapping agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass frit comprises 5-15 mol% aluminum oxide, 20-40 mol% boron trioxide, 15-25 mol% bismuth oxide, 1-5 mol% calcium oxide, 1-5 mol% potassium oxide, 1-5 mol% lithium oxide, 1-5 mol% sodium oxide, 10-15 mol% silica, 1-10 mol% strontium oxide and 5-15 mol% zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic component contains 1-25 wt.% polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium fluorophosphates compound (LiPF3(CF2CF3)3), lithium bisoxalatoborate, and/or lithium oxalate. The content of lithium salt is 0.1-10 mol/l electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The monomer is polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol diethyl ether, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol arylate, polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate, and/or polypropylene glycol diacrylate. The content of monomer is 5-30 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. photoinitiator. The photoinitiator is 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-methoxy-2-phenylacetone, benzyl dimethyl ketal, ammonium persulfate, ethyl benzoin ether, isopropyl benzoin ether, alpha -benzoin phenyl ether, 2,2-diethoxy-acetophenone, 1,1-dichloro-acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, anthraquinone, 2-ethyl-anthraquinone, 2-chloro-anthraquinone, thioxanthone, isopropyl-thioxanthone, chlorothioxanthone, benzyl benzoate, and/or benzoyl isobutyl ether. The photoinitiator is preferably azobenzene acrylate derivative of formula (I). The content of photoinitiator is 0.5-6 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. monomer.A=group of formula (i);R=-(CH2)n;andn=1-18.The organic solvent is cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, ether, and/or ketone. The weight ratio of electrolyte and monomer is 1:0.5-1:5.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biodegradable polymer is cellulose, chitosan, amylose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, and/or polycaprolactone. The content of polymer is 0.5-20 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. monomer. The polymer has a molecular weight of 500-30000 and a particle size of 1-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: (I) has weight average molecular weight of 10000-200000. (I) is phenyl terminated 2-(5-(2-Methyl-7-thiophen-2-yl-2-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzoimidazol-4-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-4H-dithieno(3,2-b;2',3'-d)pyrrole based polymer of formula (V), phenyl terminated 2-(5-(2-methyl-7-thiophen-2-yl-2-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzoimidazol-4-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-9H-carbazole based polymer of formula (VI), phenyl terminated 4-(5-Benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl-thiophen-2-yl)-2-methyl-7-thiophen-2-yl-2-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzoimidazole based polymer of formula (VII) or 4-(5-(4,8-dialkoxy-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-thiophen-2-yl)-2-methyl-7-thiophen-2-yl-2-trifluoromethyl-2H-benzoimidazole based polymer of formula (VIII). The substrate is glass or plastic.R 7, R 8=1-20C alkyl, preferably heptan-4-yl, undecan-6-yl, pentadecan-8-yl, nonadecan-10-yl, 5,9-dipropyltridecan-7-yl or 3,7-dimethylnonan-5-yl;R 9, R 10=1-20C alkyl; andR 11, R 12=1-20C alkyl, preferably n-octyl, n-dodecyl, n-cetyl or nonan-5-yl. EXAMPLE - 2.77 g 9-(1-Octylnonyl)-2,7-bis(4',4',5',5'-tetramethyl-1',3',2'-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole and 1.5 g 4,7-bis(5-bromo-thiophene-2-yl)-2-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-benzimidazole, 2M aqueous potassium carbonate solution and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) were mixed in 5 ml toluene and the obtained mixture was stirred for 72 hours at 110 degrees C. 500 ml Methanol was added to the reaction mixture, the obtained solid was filtered, washed and dried to obtain 100 mg poly(N-heptadecan-9-ylcarbazole-alt-5,5-(2-methyl-4,7-di(2-thienyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-benzimidazole)) of formula (IX) with weight average molecular weight of 68400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The titanium dioxide paste is manufactured for the working electrode coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) comprise sodium fluorosilicate (Na2SiF6), potassium fluorosilicate (K2SiF6), ammonium fluorosilicate ((NH4)2SiF6) or lithium fluorosilicate (Li2SiF6). An amount of (I) is 0.01-5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The etchant composition further comprises an alkali compound, polysaccharide consisting of glucan compound, fructan compound, mannan compound, galactan compound and their metal salts, and a cyclic compound. The alkali compound consists of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, tetrahydroxymethyl ammonium and tetrahyroxy ethyl ammonium. An amount of alkali compound is 0.1-20 wt.%. The glucan compound consists of cellulose, dimethylaminoethyl cellulose, diethylaminoethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, 4-aminobenzyl cellulose, triethylaminoethyl cellulose, cyanoethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, alginic acid, amylose, amylopectin, pectin, starch, dextrin, alpha -cyclodextrin, beta -cyclodextrin, gamma -cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl beta -cyclodextrin, methyl- beta -cyclodextrin, dextran, dextran sulfate sodium, saponin, glycogen, zymosan, lentinan, and their metal salts. A boiling point of the cyclic compound is greater than or equal to 100 degrees C. A solubility parameter of the cyclic compound is 6-16. Preferred Method: The etching method comprises spraying the composition on the wafer at a temperature of 50-100 degrees C for 30 seconds to 60 minutes, and precipitating the wafer at a temperature of 50-100 degrees C for 30 seconds to 60 minutes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The base layer is made of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, AZO compound, gallium-doped zinc oxide, IZO compound, zinc oxide, and tin oxide. The hole-transparent layer is made of molybdenum trioxide, nickel oxide, vanadium pentoxide, and tungsten trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The upper electrode is made of silver, gold, copper, chromium, tungsten, aluminum, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, indium, manganese, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tin, lead, vanadium, ruthenium, iridium, zirconium, rhodium, and magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hole-transparent layer is made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate. The substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, poly acrylate, polyurethane adhesive, poly-dimethylsiloxane and Poly-methyl methacrylate. The active layer is made of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), PCDTBT, PCTDTBT, PTB7, PBDTTT-CF and PFN.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The coating method includes at least one of spray coating method, gravure coating method, and bar coating method. In the step (d) drying is carried out at 40-50 degrees C for 10 minutes using hot air. The functional additive is coated with a thickness of 1-10 mu m. Preferred Components: The functional additive includes at least one of solid or liquid additives. The pure ethylene vinyl acetate resin contains 25-35 wt.% vinyl acetate. EXAMPLE - Ethylene vinyl acetate with 28 wt.% vinyl acetate was injected into a twin screw extruder at a melt flow rate of 15 g/10 minutes, extruded sheet shape was manufactured through T-die at 110 degrees C with a discharge amount of 500 kg/hour. 1 pts. wt. Luperox 101 (RTM: 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane) as a crosslinking agent, 0.7 pts. wt. triallyl isocyanurate, 0.1 pts. wt. 3-Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 0.1 pts. wt. Sumisorb 130 (RTM: 2-Hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)benzophenone) based on 100 pts. wt. ethylene vinyl acetate were mixed. The functional additives mixed solution wad coated on the obtained ethylene vinyl acetate sheet with 1 mu m thickness by gravure coating method, dried at 50 degrees C for 10 minutes using hot air to obtain the encapsulating material ethylene vinyl acetate sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The reinforcement material comprises glass fiber cloth, glass fabric, glass woven fabric, glass fiber mesh, uni-directional glass fiber, carbon fiber composites, carbon fiber, Kevlar(RTM: Para-aramid synthetic fiber) and/or aramids. The matrix comprises silicone resin, acrylic resin, polysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer, polycarbonates, polysiloxanes, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate, polyimide, and/or a copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surface covering is made from glass, PVC or other transparent polymeric materials and the panel frames are made from polymer, plywood or steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The shovel face is made of stainless steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The handle is made of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene (ABS) plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Properties: The resin core metal-plated particles have 10%-compressive strength of 30-500 MPa. The relative bulk density of metal particles is 0.15 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The conductive adhesive has 30 degrees C elasticity modulus (E') of 1.3-1.8 GPa, and 125 degrees C elasticity modulus (E') of 0.5 GPa, after hardening. The glass transition temperature of conductive adhesive after hardening is preferably 150-180 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The conductive adhesive further contains 35-55 wt.% thermoplastic component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The soluble iridium salt is iridium(III) chloride, iridium(IV) chloride, iridium acetate, chloroiridic acid, potassium hexachloroiridate, or iridic sodium chloride. The soluble tin salt is tin(II) chloride or tin(IV) chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surfactant is polyoxyethylene (PEO)-polyoxypropylene (PPO)-PEO block polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or kaolin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filling oil is silicone oil or naphthenic oil type rubber filling oil. The naphthenic oil is long chain saturated naphthenic oils with flash point of above 200 degrees C and viscosity of not less than 1250 mPa.s. The halogen free flame retardant is formed by inorganic and organic flame retardant compounds. The organic flame retardant is phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant or intumescent flame retardant. The hydrophobic modifier is hydrophobic silane coupling agent, fatty acid ester (preferred) or its derivatives. The antioxidant is formed by reacting hindered phenol AO with tris-(4-nonylphenyl)-phosphite. The lubricant is zinc stearate, silicone powder, dimethicone and/or N,N-ethylene-bis(stearamide). The auxiliary agent is processing aids, initiators, stabilizers and/or colorant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The rubber is polybutadiene rubber, silicone rubber and/or ethylene-propylene rubber, where the ethylene-propylene rubber is ethylene-propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber and/or modified ethylene-propylene rubber. The polyolefin resin is polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or polyolefin elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant includes halogenated flame retardant or inorganic flame retardant. The halogenated flame retardant is bromine, fluorine or organic flame retardant. The inorganic flame retardant is antimony trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic flame retardant is hexachlorocyclopentadiene, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane or 1,2-bis(tetrabromophthalimido) ethane. The antioxidant is hindered phenol antioxidant or phosphite ester antioxidant according to a mass ratio of 2:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The glass fiber has diameter of 11-13 mu m. The additive is nylon polyamide resins 6 (PA6) resin or ethylene vinyl alcohol. The heat-resistant reinforcing agent is a bismaleimide or nucleating agent. The nucleating agent is dibenzylidene sorbitol. The compatilizer is maleic anhydride grafted ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene propylene diene rubber, polyolefin elastomers, polypropylene or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Tackifier is methacryloyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane. Flame retardant is trioctyl phosphate. Antacid is calcium stearate. Crosslinking agent is selected from triallyl isocyanurate or trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Antioxidant is selected from tris (4-nonylphenol) phosphite or tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Film composition comprises (in wt.%): ultraviolet light absorber (0.05-0.5), ultraviolet light stabilizers (0.05-0.4), antioxidant (0.05-0.4), tackifier (0.05-0.4), flame retardant (0.05-0.4) and antacid (0.05-0.4). Crosslinking agent is tert.-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate. Ultraviolet light absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone. Ultraviolet light stabilizer is 2-hydroxy-4-(octyloxy)benzophenone. Tackifier is methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The main epoxy resin is selected from epoxy resin E39, epoxy resin E42, epoxy resin E44 or epoxy resin E51. The epoxy resin is selected from bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin or hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin. The toughener is liquid nitrile rubber, carboxy terminated nitrile rubber, liquid polysulfide rubber or polyurethane. The thixotropic agent is gas phase white carbon black. The aromatic amine is selected from m-phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane or m-phthalic amine. The component B is selected from isophorone diamine, alicyclic amine bis (4-amidogen-3-methylcyclohexyl), N-aminoethyl piperazine or hydroxyethyl piperazine. The polyamide is selected from polyamide 651 or polyamide 650. The catalyst is tris-(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol. The diluent is selected from n-butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, cresol glycidyl ether, glycidyl ether, poly-ethanol alcohol, cyclohexanone, xylene or tributyl phosphate. The filler is selected from calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, kaolin or silicon micro-powder. The auxiliary agent is selected from auxiliary agent EC3823, organic bentonite, foam killer or auxiliary agent YG600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The large band gap semiconductor layer contains semiconductor material chosen from zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, gallium nitride, silicon carbide and zinc sulfide, and has thickness of 300-800 nm. The metal nanoparticles layer contains gold, silver and copper, and has thickness of 5-15 nm. The nanoparticles have grain diameter of 20-60 nm. The back electrode contains indium, silver and aluminum, and has thickness of 150-200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The photosensitive dye layer contains ruthenium complex dye sensitizer chosen from K19, N3, N719, Z907 and black dye, and has thickness of 1-2 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The solar cell further has flexible transparent material layer having thickness of 100-300 nm and made of polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene and polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar energy battery component is formed of amorphous silicon sheet, micro-crystalline silicon sheet, polyvinyl butyral glue film or toughened glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pH of distilled water is adjusted using hydrochloric acid. Preferred Method: The UV curing is performed for 10-15 minutes, where UV radiation wavelength is 365 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. The organic palladium is bistriphenylphosphine palladium dichloride or tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium. The mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is mixture of palladium acetate and tri-o-tolylphosphine or mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and 2-dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-2-biphenylyl)phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and tin-containing compound is 1:20-1:100. Preferred Process: During preparation of naphthalene-thiophene copolymer, methanol is added into reaction liquid obtained from Stille reaction to precipitate, filtered, obtained extract was washed using methanol and n-hexane, extracted with chloroform as solvent, chloroform solution is collected and spin-dried, to obtain naphthalene-thiophene copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): A tin-containing compound of formula (II) and bromine-containing compound of formula (III) are added in molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 under inert gas atmosphere, then organic solvent containing catalyst is added, and Stille reaction is performed at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, to obtain naphthalene-thiophene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Tin-containing thiol compound of formula (II) and bromine-containing pyrrole compound of formula (III) in mass ratio of 1:1.2 are reacted under the protection of inert gas in presence of catalyst in an organic solvent at 70-130 degrees C for 3-60 hours, to obtain naphtho dithienyl copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organic palladium catalyst, organic or organic phosphine ligand. The molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-8. The organic palladium catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl, palladium acetate or tri-o-tolylphosphine. The molar ratio of palladium catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-100. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The angle between the reflective surface and the bottom surface is 40-50 degrees . The light guide micro-structure comprises several of metal reflection structure or several of prism light guide structure. The height of each one light guide micro-structure is 10-1000 mu M, preferably 20-100 mu M. The width of each one light guide micro-structure is 10-1000 mu M, preferably 20-100 mu M. The space between two adjacent light guide micro structure is 0-1000 mu M, preferably 0-100 mu M. The shape of each of the light guide micro structure is same or different from each other, preferably symmetrical or asymmetrical. The reflective surface of the several of light-guiding micro-structure and the angle of the bottom surface are all same or a continuous change. The light guide adhesive tape further comprises protective layer, where the protective layer set on the transparent substrate layer with the several of light guide micro-structure of one side, to increase resistance of the adhesive tape. Preferred Components: The transparent base material layer is chosen from acrylic resin, polyester and polycarbonate. The adhesive layer comprises silicon glue and acrylic adhesive. The protective layer is chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate or polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: Plastic sealing film is transparent or semitransparent, and plastic cloth is provided with a decorative pattern, plastic seal and plastic cloth are waterproof and PE protective film has electric insulator property. Preferred Composition: Reflecting foil paper is aluminum foil, copper foil or tin foil. Non-setting adhesive is anti-electrostatic glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises 30-50 parts silicon dioxide, 1-20 parts aluminum oxide, 1-10 parts calcium oxide, 1-15 parts sodium fluoride and 1-15 parts calcium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder is 30-50 parts terpineol, 20-25 parts propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 20-25 parts diethylene glycol butyl ether, 3.5-5.5 parts ethyl cellulose and 2-6 parts oleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The base material is made of the stainless steel, the carbon steel, the super , the iron-chromium group alloy, the iron copper group alloy, the aluminum based metallurgy, the titanium group metal, the polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The surface of the radiating surfaces plates is covered with infra-red-absorbing layer, comprising for instance titanium dioxide, and silicon monoxide on metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface of the radiating surfaces plates is covered with infra-red-absorbing layer, comprising for instance, polyvinylchloride on metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surface coating layer contains 10 %mass or more polyrotaxane. The polyrotaxane contains 0.5-30 %mass fluorine-containing organic group. Preferred Property: The thickness of surface coating layer is 5 mu m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of fluorine compound supported is preferably 3-20% based on the total mass of the catalyst. The fluorine compounds are fluororesin or fluorochemical surfactant. The supporting density of catalyst particles is 30-70%. Preferred Method: The method involves contacting an oxidizing solution, and eluting cobalt and manganese on the surface of catalyst particles. The oxidizing solution is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphorous acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, chloric acid, hypochlorous acid, or chromic acid. The heating process is carried out at temperature 40-90 degrees C, and contacting step is carried out for 1-10 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium compound is lithium hydroxide. The manganese compound is manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride, manganese acetate and/or hydrate. The phosphorus compound is phosphoric acid. Preferred Property: The grain size of lithium-manganese phosphate particles is 50-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A morphology control material and an antioxidant are further mixed with the reaction mixture. Preferred Components: The morphology control material is poly(ethylene glycol)block-poly(propylene glycol)block-poly(ethylene glycol), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The antioxidant is ascorbic acid, glucose, sucrose and/or citric acid. The carbon source includes sucrose and glucose. The solvent is water or ethanol. Preferred Property: The molecular weight of morphology control material is 300 g/mol or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thienothiophene moiety is optionally substituted with at least one substituent consisting of halo, cyano, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 3-20C heterocycloalkyl, nitrogen dioxide, or a metal compound of formula (SO2R), preferably fluoro. The photoactive material comprises an electron donor material and an electron acceptor material. The electron acceptor material comprises a fullerene, preferably a substituted fullerene including 61C-phenyl-butyric acid methyl ester.R = H, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, 3-20C cycloalkyl or 3-20C heterocycloalkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfuration reduction process is carried out using sulfuration reactive gas. The sulfuration reactive gas is carbon disulfide. The zinc sulfide target has specific resistance of 0.01-100 Omega .cm. Preferred Process: The manufacture of zinc sulfide sintered compact further involves adding complex agent and glycol solution or alcohol solution, stirring, esterifying to obtain gel-like organic substance precursor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The complex agent is chosen from citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The glycol solution or alcohol solution is chosen from propylene glycol solution, ethylene glycol solution and polyvinyl alcohol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ring structure of component (B) is saturated or unsaturated alicyclic structure, and aromatic ring structure or isophorone ring structure, preferably saturated alicyclic structure. The component (A) has polycarbonate diol structure excluding (meth)acryloyl group in both terminal having repeating unit (p) containing carbonate group and ring structure which is, and repeating unit (q) containing carbonate group and non-ring structure. The molar ratio of repeating units (p) and (q) is 90:10-10:90. The non-ring structure of repeating unit (q) is non-cyclic hydrocarbon structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition further contains an optical stabilizer (C) and polymeric compound (D) with carbon isocyclic-ring structure and/or heterocyclic structure which do not contain carbon-carbon double bond in ring structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The battery comprises nickel cathode. The iron anode comprises single substrate coated with iron active material composition comprising binder, and sulfur-containing compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sulfide is metal sulfide. The metal sulfide is alkali metal sulfide. The metal sulfide is sodium sulfide. The sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and sulfide have concentration of 5-7.5 M, preferably 6 M, 1 M and 1 wt.%, respectively in electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder comprises polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking compound (II) and compound (III) at mol ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1, performing Stille coupling reaction in presence of organic palladium catalyst and organic solvent under oxygen-free condition, and separating and purifying. Compound (II) is prepared by taking 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-diiodo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole of formula (i) and chlorine-containing silicon compound of formula (ii) at mol ratio of 2:1, dissolving compound (i) in N,N-dimethylformamide under protective gas atmosphere, slowly adding n-butyllithium at - 90 degrees C, reacting while stirring for 2 hours, adding compound (ii), heating to room temperature, reacting for 10 hours, and separating and purifying. Compound (III) is prepared by dissolving silicon-containing dibromo-fluorene derivative of formula (iii) in tetrahydrofuran under protective gas atmosphere, slowly adding n-butyllithium at - 78 degrees C, reacting while stirring 2 hours, slowly injecting tributyltin chloride, heating to room temperature, reacting for 6 hours, and separating and purifying. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, benzene and/or toluene. Preferred Method: Stille coupling reaction is done at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours. Separating and purifying is done by adding toluene and deionized water to reaction system, taking organic phase, vacuum-distilling, dropping into anhydrous methanol, precipitating, filtering, drying to obtain solid powder, dissolving in chloroform, passing through neutral aluminum oxide chromatographic column, removing chloroform, precipitating with methanol, filtering, extracting using acetone, precipitating with methanol, drying and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The single crystal silicon is doped with doping element chosen from magnesium, aluminum, zinc, gallium, phosphorus, arsenic and selenium. The catalyst layer of silicon-air battery comprises ( gamma )-manganese dioxide, activated carbon and polytetrafluoroethylene in weight ratio of 0.5-2:2.5-3.5:2.5-4. The waterproof and gas-permeable layer of battery is formed using polytetrafluoroethylene and acetylene black in weight ratio of 1-4:0.5-2. Preferred Property: The single crystal silicon of silicon-air battery has crystal orientation at (100) plane, (111) plane or (101) plane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazol-fluoro-hydrogen compound (EMI(HF)2.3F).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred components: Barrier film is selected from polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene, propylene oxide, polyvinyl butyral or polyvinyl chloride. Packaging film is ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) removing cadmium telluride solar battery glass component from ethylene vinyl acetate encapsulating glue, soaking in complex acid etching liquid of sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide, acid etching, separating solid-liquid to obtain acid etching solution containing cadmium and tellurium, where in the acid etching solution, the ratio of cadmium telluride solar battery glass component, 1 mol/l sulfuric acid solution and hydrogen peroxide solution is 1 kg:478 ml:4.8 ml; (ii) adding magnetic polymer microsphere into the acid etching solution, uniformly stirring for 10 minutes, separating and surface adsorbing cadmium and tellurium element of magnetic polymer microsphere using a magnetic separation device to obtain tellurium containing acid etching solution; (iii) washing cadmium and tellurium adsorbed magnetic polymer microsphere using 0.1M dilute acid solution and 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution to obtain cadmium and tellurium solution; and (iv) separating cadmium and tellurium elements from acid etching liquid using magnetic separation method, adsorbing-magnetic separating-acid washing repeatedly to obtain eluting solution containing higher concentration of cadmium and tellurium elements, where the magnetic polymer microspheres are regenerated using sodium hydroxide solution and then adsorbed. Preferred Components: The magnetic polymer microsphere structure contains magnetite-silicon dioxide magnetic core, where the magnetic core is embedded in styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer microsphere, and the surface of the microsphere contains sulfonate group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is glass, polyimide, stainless steel or ceramics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The light control layer is selected from group consisting of nitride, magnesium oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, ferric oxide, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate and calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic material is selected from group consisting of acrylic ester resin, styrene resin, polyurethane resin, silicone resin, polyester resin, polyacrylate resin, polyolefin resin, polyimide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride, cellulose triacetate and polylactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is mica, boron nitride, silicon oxide, titania, aluminum nitride, calcium carbonate, and/or talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is toluene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and/or cyclohexanone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing resin is polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene-hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene-hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, trifluoroethylene-carboxyalkyl vinyl ester copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene-carboxyalkyl vinyl ester copolymer, and/or tetrafluoroethylene-carboxyalkyl vinyl ester copolymer. Preferred Method: The curing is carried out using curing agent comprising epoxy resin curing agent, isocyanate curing agent, and/or carbodiimide curing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar energy battery body is provided with a substrate, made of metal material and formed with a cathode buffering layer that is selected from one of 1,3,5-tris N-phenylbenzimiazole-2-yl benzene (TPBi), bathocuproine (BCP) and phenanthroline (Bphen).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal material is selected from one of silver (Ag), aluminum (Al) or copper (Cu).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is selected from one of glass or polymer transparent polymer. The polymer transparent material is selected from one of polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyimide, vinyl chloride-acetate resin or polyacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The filler is 2-8 pts. wt. glass fiber and glass beads.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pigment is titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent is an isocyanate type curing agents or NL.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is an epoxy or phenolic resin. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 55-65 pts. wt. epoxy resin or phenolic resin, 3-6 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, and magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfate is sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium sulfate, zinc sulfate or magnesium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The derivatives are polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral and polyethylene alcohol. The formulation comprises a silane coupling agent comprising gamma -(methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxysilane, triisopropyl-propoxy silane, di-butoxymethyl vinyl silane and dimethyl ethoxy silane. The crosslinking agent comprises diallyl carbonate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, poly (ethylene oxide) diacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, N, N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, divinylbenzene and crotonic acid. The indicator is azobisisobutyronitrile, azo-bis-iso-heptane nitrile, azobis isovaleronitrile, azo-dicyclohexyl-carbonitrile, benzoyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, isobutyryl peroxide, and cumene peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass percentage of polymerization monomer with respect to gel electrolyte precursor is 0.5-6%. The mass percentage of polymerization monomer A with respect to gel electrolyte precursor is 0.1-3%. The mass percentage of polymerization monomer B with respect to gel electrolyte precursor is 0.25-5%. The polymerization monomer A is acrylamide, methyl acrylamide, styrene, ethylhexyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, isooctyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The polymerization monomer B is methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, N-methacryloyl morpholine, N, N-dimethyl acrylamide, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, N-acryloylmorpholine, and polyethylene glycol allyl ether. The gel electrolyte precursor further comprises polymerization monomer C. The mass percentage of initiator with respect to gel electrolyte precursor is 0.05- 0.5%. The initiator is isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon powder isVulcan XC-72R (RTM: Carbon black pigment).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises mixing compounds of formulae (I-a) and (I-b) at mol ratio of 1:1-1:1.5, refluxing in the presence of catalyst and solvent, separating, and purifying. Preferred Components: Solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide, toluene or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Process: Separation comprises decompressing, evaporating to remove excess of solvent, adding to methanol for sedimentation, filtering, using methanol to wash precipitate, collecting precipitate and evaporating to remove excess of methanol, processing column chromatography, using chloroform washing, filtering, extracting with Soxhlet extractor for three days, depositing with methanol, filtering, and low vacuum pump pumping overnight. Said catalyst is Pd (PPh3)2Cl2, Pd (PPh3)4 or Pd2 (dba)3 and P (o-ToI) mixture of 3,
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises Stille coupling with compound of formula (I-a) and (I-b) in presence of catalyst and organic solvent, separating and purifying.R1=1-20C alkyl or tetra-substituted benzene of formula (i);R2-R4=H,1-20C alkyl or alkoxy; andR5-R7=H or 1-20C alkyl.Preferred Process: Stille coupling reaction involves 50-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Components: Catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, and/or tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, at 0.01-10%. Organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, dioxane, dimethyl formamide, benzene and toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of copolymer (I) comprises reacting compound of formula (I-a) and (I-b) under protection of gas atmosphere, at mol ratio of 1:1.5, in the presence of catalyst in organic solvent, processing Stille coupling reaction, at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours, separating and purifying. Preferred Components: Catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, at 0.05-20%; and organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, benzene or toluene. Preferred Process: Separation comprises in reaction system of toluene and deionized water, taking organic phase, decompressing to remove organic phase of solvent, dropping organic phase into anhydrous methanol, filtering, drying, dissolving with chloroform, using neutral aluminum oxide chromatographic column to remove catalyst, and removing chloroform, methanol by sedimentation, filtering, obtaining solid with acetone Soxhlet extractor, extracting for 3 days, depositing, filtering, and vacuum pumping overnight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Film-forming resin is modified rosin resin or polyether-modified resin. Organic acid mixture is succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, and/or oxalic acid. Nonionic surfactant is octylphenol ethoxylate (OP)-type, nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP)-type, or Triton X (RTM: Nonionic surfactant) (TX)-type active agent. High-boiling-point solvent is ether high-boiling-point solvent, preferably ethylene glycol butyl ether or ethylene glycol propyl ether. Alcohol solvent is anhydrous ethanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic acid combination is greater than or equal to 2 compositions of succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid. Fluorocarbon surfactant is perfluorinated surfactant. High-boiling point solvent is high boiling point ether-type solvent, such as ethylene glycol butyl ether or ethylene glycol propyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Modified resin is polyether-modified resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Processes: Grinding process includes wet-ball milling or sand grinding using deionized water as grinding medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of isopropanol used during coating is 0.03-0.08 ml/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) and methyl-(6,6)-phenyl-71C butyrate in weight ratio of 3:7-7:3. The hole-transport layer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonate. Preferred Property: The hole-transport layer has thickness of 20-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The buffer layer is made of silicone material and amorphous or microcrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nano-electroconductive material is nanocarbon material or nanometal material, preferably carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphite, graphene, carbon nanoparticles or metal nanowire, more preferably carbon nanotubes. Preferred Process: The primary electrode and secondary electrode are formed using aluminum, gold, silver or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermoelectric conversion layer comprises dopant, non-conjugated polymer and thermal excitation assist agent. The dopant is chosen from onium salt compound, oxidizing agent, acidic compound and electron-acceptor compound. The thermoelectric conversion material comprises organic solvent. Preferred Process: The thermoelectric conversion material is obtained by dispersing nano-electroconductive material in organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The non-conjugated polymer is high-molecular compound chosen from polyvinyl type-polymer, poly(meth)acrylate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, polyimide and polysiloxane which is obtained by polymerizing a vinyl compound. The content of dopant is 0-60 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of polymer. The onium salt compound is a compound which produces an acid by heating or irradiating using active energy ray. Preferred Property: The moisture content of the thermoelectric conversion layer is 0.01-15 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive composition further contains epoxy compound (D).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin (A) is chosen from acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, polyolefin resin and fluororesin. The resin (B) is chosen from acrylic polyol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polyolefin-type polyol, polycarbonate polyol, urethane polyol and fluorine-type polyol. The sealing material is obtained using a sealing agent which is composition containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The content of resin (B) is 1-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin (A). Preferred Properties: The resin (A) has glass transition temperature of 20-110 degrees C. The resin (B) has hydroxyl value of 40-500 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The difference between number average molecular weight of resin (A) and resin (B) is 1000 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal includes tin, silver, bismuth, brass, zinc and lead. The nickel positive electrode comprises a mixture of cobalt oxide in an amount of 1-10 wt.% and cobalt metal in an amount of 1-10 wt.%. The can includes nickel plated steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is Teflon(RTM: PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alpha -olefin is butylene, hexene, or octene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Biomass polyolefin resin layer contains greater than or equal to 5 mass% biomass-derived ethylene with respect to the whole biomass polyolefin resin layer. Biomass polyolefin resin layer has 1st biomass polyolefin resin layer and 2nd biomass polyolefin resin layer in which 1st biomass polyolefin resin layer contains greater than or equal to 5 mass% biomass-derived ethylene and 2nd biomass polyolefin resin layer contains greater than or equal to 5 mass% biomass-derived ethylene. Biomass-derived ethylene concentration in 1st biomass polyolefin resin layer is greater than biomass-derived ethylene concentration in 2nd biomass polyolefin resin layer. Monomer contains ethylene and/or alpha -olefin derived from a fossil fuel and biomass-derived alpha -olefin. Polyolefin derived from fossil contains ethylene derived from fossil fuel, and ethylene and/or alpha -olefin derived from a fossil fuel which is formed by polymerizing. Biomass polyolefin resin composition contains 5-90 mass% biomass-derived polyolefin and 10-95 mass% polyolefin derived from fossil fuel. Polyolefin is polyethylene. Laminated body contains non-biomass polyolefin resin layer from resin material containing raw material derived from a fossil fuel, barrier layer from inorganic substance and/or inorganic oxide, and paper layer. Preferred Process: Biomass polyolefin resin layer is formed of co-extrusion process by T-die process or tubular film process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The preferable sum total content of phosphorous acid trimethyl and dimethyl phosphite is 10 %mass or less. The content of phosphorous acid trimethyl is 0.9-9 %mass. The content of dimethyl phosphite is 0.1-1 %mass. The lithium compounds are lithium bis(pentafluoroethane sulfonyl)imide, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(fluorosulfuryl)imide and/or lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous electrolyte further contains solid polymer gel electrolyte which is impregnated at solid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The negative electrode contains material obtained by mixing tin sulfate with carbon particles, and ball-milling.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is an organic electrolyte containing sodium ion, aqueous electrolyte solution containing sodium ion, solid electrolyte containing sodium ion, or polymer electrolyte containing sodium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is argon, helium or nitrogen. The initiator is ammonium persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isobutyl alcohol, and n-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polymer units (I) involves: (1) adding tetrahydrofuran in an inert gas protection, cooling to -78 degrees C, slowly adding n-butyl lithium and compound in a mole ratio of 2.2:1-2.5:1, stirring reaction for 2 hours, then adding trimethyl chloride at 78 degrees C, trimethyl chloride with a compound of mole ratio of 2:2.5:1, keeping reaction temperature for 0.5 hour, recovering to room temperature, continuing reaction for 24 hours; (2) adding in an inert gas and oxygen-free condition, the mole ratio of compound and 1:2.5, 2-bromine methyl thionyl benzene in solvent, adding catalyst, reacting to Stille coupling reaction for 48 hours at 80 degrees C, where the catalyst is (triphenyl phosphine)palladium, 4-(triphenyl phosphine)palladium and mixture of tris(dibenzylidene acetone)palladium and phosphonate; (3) reacting and quenching trifluoromethane sulfonic acid and phosphorus pentoxide into ice water bath, adding pyridine obtained in a reflux reaction, and reacting phosphorus pentoxide for 72 hours at room temperature, reacting compound and phosphorus pentoxide at mole ratio of 1.5:2.0:1, refluxing at 110 degrees C for 12 hours; and (4) brominating N-bromosuccinimide in dimethyl formamide at room temperature for 15 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is organic palladium or the mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is selected from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide, and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves Stille coupling of cyclopenta-dithiophene compound of formula (A) with thiophene compound of formula (B) in presence of organic solvent and catalyst in vacuum environment at 70-130 degrees C for 6 hours to form polymer (I). (Structure (A) and (B), CN103848960A -002.skc)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution, and sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Boron-containing compound of formula (A) and bromine-containing compound of formula (B) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 are added to alkali solution of organic solvent containing catalyst, and Suzuki-coupling reaction is carried out at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, to obtain thiophene structural unit-containing polymer (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organic palladium and/or organic phosphine ligand. The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphino palladium, palladium acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is butyl phosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium catalyst and compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of solute of alkali solution and compound (A) is 20:1-50:1. Preferred Process: The method further involves adding methanol, precipitating, filtering obtained solids, washing with methanol and n-hexane, and extracting solid using chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butyl phosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium in the catalyst to (I) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of organic palladium to organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises adding 1,4-divinylbenzene compounds of formula (II) and bromo substituted thiophene-benzene compounds of formula (III) at molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 into an organic solvent containing catalyst under an anaerobic environment, and performing Heck coupling reaction for 24-96 hours at 70-130 degrees C to obtain (I), where the catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Method: The Heck coupling reaction is performed at 90-120 degrees C for 30-48 hours. The method further comprises separating and purifying (I). The separation and purification comprises adding methanol to the reaction solution after completion of Heck coupling reaction, precipitating and filtering, extracting obtained solid using methanol and n-hexane sequentially, and followed by extracting the solid with chloroform, collecting the chloroform solvent and evaporating the solvent to obtain purified (I). Preferred Components: The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises providing 4-diphenylamino-phenol compound of formula (A) and 2-bromo-4,4-diphenyl-4H-indeno(1,2-b)thiophene compound of formula (B), adding (A) and (B) into an organic solvent containing catalyst and alkali solution at a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2, performing a Suzuki coupling reaction at a temperature of 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours to obtain (I), where the catalyst is palladium or mixture of organic palladium or organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Method: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at a temperature of 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. The process further comprises performing separating and purifying step of (I), where the purification step comprise adding methanol to (A) and (B) for Suzuki coupling reaction, filtering the resulting solid extracted with methanol and n-hexane, extracting the solid using chloroform, collecting and evaporating chloroform-containing solution to give purified (I). Preferred Components: The organic solvent consists of toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium consists of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phophine ligand is tri-n-butylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine and dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-2-biphenylyl)phosphine, where the mole ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of the catalyst with (A) is 1:20-1:100. The alkali solution consists of sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of (A) to the alkali solution is 20:1 to 50:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is organic palladium or the mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves Heck coupling of phenothiazine compound of formula (A) with thiophene compound of formula (B) in presence of organic solvent and catalyst in vacuum environment at 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours to form polymer (I), where molar ratio of A to B is 1:1 to 1:1.2. (Structure (A) and (B), CN103848965A-002.skc)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (II) is 20:1-50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The thiazole and oxazole-containing polymer is prepared by adding carbazole derivative of formula (II) and thiazole derivative of formula (III) in molar ratio of organic solvent containing catalyst and alkali solution and performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours. The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine or tri-o-tolylphosphine-2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. Preferred Condition: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Process: Methanol is added to the reaction product obtained after performing the Suzuki coupling reaction, filtered and the resultant filtrate is washed with methanol and normal hexane. The resultant solid material is extracted using chloroform, evaporated to remove solvent and purified, to obtain thiazole and oxazole-containing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises providing 1,4-divinylbenzene compound of formula (II) and 4,7-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole compound of formula (III) with a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 in an oxygen free environment into and organic solvent and a catalyst at 70-130 degrees C for Heck coupling reaction for 24-96 hours, where the catalyst is organic palladium or the mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises toluene, N, N-dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is a bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of the palladium to the organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100. The reaction temperature of the Heck coupling reaction is 90-120 degrees C for 30-48 hours. Preferred Method: The preparation of (I) comprises separation and purification step comprising adding methanol to (II) and (III) in the Heck coupling reaction, filtering the precipitate and the resulting solid, and washing the resulting solid successively with methanol and n-hexane extract, extracting the solid with chloroform, and collecting the chloroform solution after evaporation of the solvent to obtain (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises providing 3,7-divinyl-10H-phenothiazine compound of formula (A) and 4,7-bis(5-bromo-2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole compound of formula (B), adding (A) and (B) into an organic solvent containing catalyst and alkali solution at a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2, performing a Heck coupling reaction at a temperature of 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours to obtain (I), where the catalyst is palladium or mixture of organic palladium or organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Method: The process further comprises performing separating and purifying (I), where the purification step comprise adding methanol to (A) and (B) for Heck coupling reaction, filtering the resulting solid extracted with methanol and n-hexane, extracting the solid using chloroform, collecting and evaporating chloroform-containing solution to give purified (I). The Heck coupling reaction is carried out at a temperature of 90-120 degrees C for 30-48 hours. Preferred Components: The organic solvent consists of toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium consists of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0). The organic phophine ligand is tri-n-butylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine and dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-2-biphenylyl)phosphine, where the mole ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of the catalyst to (A) is 1:20-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by adding compound (A) and compound (B) at a mol ratio 1:1-1:1.2 into the organic solvent containing catalyst for Stille coupling reaction, where the palladium catalyst is an organic palladium or the mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic palladium is bis-triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate, tri-o-tolyl phosphine, 2-dicyclohexyl phosphine-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl mixture. The organic palladium is bis-triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, palladium acetate or 3-dibenzylidene acetone dimethyl palladium. The organic phosphonic ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, o-tolyl phosphine or 2-dicyclohexyl phosphine-2',6'-dimethoxy biphenyl, where the molar ratio of the organic palladium and the organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of the organic palladium and the compound (i) is 1:20 to 1:100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of the compound (I) involves reacting triphenyl amine compound of formula (i) with benzo(1,2,5)thiadiazole compound of formula (ii) in the oxygen free environment, where the molar ratio of compound (i) and compound (ii) is 1:1-1.2, adding solution containing catalyst and alkali solution in organic solvent and performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, to obtain the material (I), where the catalyst is organic palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from at least one of toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, and tetrahydrofuran. The alkali solution is selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, where the molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (i) is 20:1 to 50:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphino palladium, palladium acetate or tris dibenzylidene acetone dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butyl phosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium and dioxaborolane derivative is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of solute of the alkali solution and dioxaborolane derivative is 20:1-50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): A dioxaborolane derivative of formula (II) and thiadiazole derivative of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 are added into catalyst and alkali solution of organic solvent under oxygen-free environment, and Suzuki coupling reaction is performed at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours, to obtain polymer having dithiophene diazosulfide unit (I). The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymer is prepared by subjecting boron group-containing compound of formula (Ia) and a bromine group-containing compound of formula (Ib) in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2, catalyst, organic solvent and alkaline solution to Suzuki-coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours in oxygen-free environment, adding methanol, filtering, washing with methanol and normal hexane, extracting obtained solid using chloroform, collecting chloroform solution, and evaporating the solvent. The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises providing 1 trimethyl(11-(trimethylstannyl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.0(3,7))dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)stannane compound of formula (II) and 4,7-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazole compound of formula (III) with a molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 in an oxygen free environment into and organic solvent and a catalyst for Stille coupling reaction, where the catalyst is organic palladium or the mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises toluene, N, N-dimethyl formamide or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is a bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine, or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The molar ratio of the palladium to the organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of organic palladium to (II) is 1:20-1:100. The reaction temperature of the Stille coupling reaction is 70-130 degrees C preferably 90-120 degrees C for 6 hours, preferably 12-48 hours. Preferred Method: The preparation of (I) comprises separation and purification step comprising adding methanol to (II) and (III) in the Stille coupling reaction, filtering the precipitate and the resulting solid, and washing the resulting solid successively with methanol and n-hexane extract, extracting the solid with chloroform, and collecting the chloroform solution after evaporation of the solvent to obtain (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The rare earth metal is one or more chosen from yttrium, lanthanum and neodymium. The aluminum alloy cord has cross-sectional area of 400-500 mm2 and is installed at a capacity of 2 MW to generate 600 A current in wind turbines. Preferred Method: The step (a) involves mixing and melting aluminum, aluminum iron master alloy, aluminum copper master alloy, aluminum rare earth master alloy and aluminum magnesium master alloy at 730-780 degrees C, performing elemental analysis using atomic emission spectrometer and adding 0.10-0.15% refining agent, preferably low-melting chloride to obtain mixture, subjecting obtained mixture to casting and hot rolling using rolling mill to obtain aluminum strip, where the inlet temperature is 450-500 degrees C and outlet temperature is 280-300 degrees C. In step (b), annealing is performed at 320-340 degrees C for 9-11 hours and cooling for 22-26 hours. The step (c) involves insulating aluminum cord having cross-sectional area of 500 mm2 using polyvinyl chloride, cross-linked polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and ethylene propylene diene rubber, preferably cross-linked polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride to obtain thickness of 1.8-2.2 mm. The cross-linked polyethylene is silane cross-linked polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic electrolyte comprises solute comprising lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate and/or lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, and solvent comprising ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and/or ethyl propionate. The organic solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, cyclohexanone and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass component comprises 5-60 wt.% bismuth (III) oxide, l-30 wt.% silicon dioxide, 1- 10 wt.% aluminum oxide, l-10 wt.% boron trioxide, 2-10 wt.% zinc oxide, 25-5 wt.% . lead (II) oxide, 10-40 wt.% tellurium dioxide, 0-10 wt.% lanthanum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic binder is organic resin, organic solvent and organic additive. The organic resin is acrylic resin, ethyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate. The organic solvent is castor oil, terpineol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethanediol. The organic additive is thixotropic agent, osmotic agent and surface active agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The driving hole is arranged with an elastic seal component that is made of rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The isocyanate or isocyanate derivative is of formula (NCO-R1-R2-R1-OCN).R = methyl, benzene, benzene derivative or silane structure; andR2 = 1-3C alkyl, benzene or benzene derivative.Preferred Property: The block copolymer resin has shrinkage value of less than 3%. The monomer A has glass transition temperature of 250-400 degrees C and dielectric constant of 2-6. The block copolymer resin comprises monomer A and monomer B in a mol ratio of 10: 90 to 50: 50. The film has porosity of 50-70% and air permeability of 40-100s/100cc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate or lithium perchlorate. The liquid crystal ionomer is main chain liquid crystal ionomer or side chain liquid crystal ionomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-proton solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The several layers of the restrictor comprises insulating material. The electrolyte particles comprise silver ion conductor or lithium ion conductor. The lithium ion conductor is a sulfide-based lithium ion conductor. The lithium ion conductor contains at least one of a crystalline lithium ion conductor and an amorphous lithium ion conductor. Preferred Properties: The pair of electrodes contains an electrode material layer containing electrode material. The electrolyte layer has an average thickness of 120 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The insulating material comprises thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, photocurable resin and/or low-melting-point glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The alcohol is injected into a stream containing the pyrolysis vapor passed in contact with the acid catalyst. Preferred Components: The liquid product has a pH of 2-5. The acid catalyst comprises a sulfated zirconium catalyst, a zeolite beta (preferred) or Nafion (RTM: Copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene-silicon dioxide) catalyst. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A protic solvent and aprotic solvent as poor solvent of polymer electrolyte. The protic solvent is alcohol solvent, preferably halogen-type solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The oligomer contains hydrocarbon compound substituted by halogen and/or hydrocarbon compound containing an unsaturated bond. The polymer electrolyte has sulfite-containing structure of formula: ((-Ar'(SO3X)a(=O))m-(-Ar'(SO3X)b)n) (1). The polymer electrolyte contains structural unit of formula: -((Ar'-Y1)m-(Ar')n-Z'-) (1a) and/or -((Ar'-Y2)m-(Ar')n-Z'-) (1b). The molar ratio of structural unit (1b) with respect to total content of structural units (1a) and (1b) is 0-0.95.Ar'=benzene ring, naphthalene ring, or ring formed by replacing carbon atom with heteroatom;X=H or cation;a,b=0-4;a+b=1 or more;m=1 or more;n=0 or more;Y1=SO2, C(CH3)2 or C(CF3)2;Z'=direct bond, O, or S;andY2=CO, SO2, C(CH3)2 or C(CF3)2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Backsheet and sealing material sheet are laminated by using nip roll. In upstream side, surface different from surface (A) of backsheet is contacted with therm. Surface (A) of backsheet isy regulated nip roll. Surface (A) of backsheet is heated. Preferred Parameters: Adhesion strength of backsheet and sealing material sheet is 2-10 N/50 mm. Preferred Components: Sealing material sheet comprises ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as main component. Side (A) containing surface (A) of backsheet is layer containing polyolefin as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quantum dots have a composition consisting of Group II-VI, Group I-III-VI, Group III-V, Group IV, Group IV-VI, and Group V-VI materials, and are composed of lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, mercury telluride, or their alloys. The fullerenes consist of Cn fullerenes, endohedral fullerenes, and/or fullerene derivatives, where n is greater than or equal to 20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole blocking layer has a composition consisting of titanium oxides, zinc oxides, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline, 2,9-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, metal chelates, and chemical relatives and their derivatives. The electron blocking layer has a composition consisting of molybdenum oxides, tungsten oxides, copper oxides, nickel oxides, phthalocyanines, 4,4',4''-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)-triphenylamine, alpha -N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, quantum dots, and chemical relatives and their derivatives. The quantum dot layer is treated with a chemistry that comprises a solution or vapor having a composition consisting of ethanethiol, alkyl-thiols, alkenyl-thiols, alkynyl-thiols, aryl-thiols, ethanedithiol, benzendithiol, alkyl-polythiols, alkenyl-polythiols, alkynyl-polythiols, aryl-polythiols, carboxylic acids, formic acid, methanol, toluene, isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, acetonitrile, acetic acid, butyl amine, 1,4-butyl diamine, alkyl-amines, alkenyl-amines, alkynyl-amines, aryl-amines alkyl-polyamines, alkenyl-polyamines, alkynyl-polyamines, or aryl-polyamines. A solvent used in the method consists of toluene, anisole, alkanes, butylamine, and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The layer (a1) or layer (a2) is formed using bi-planar mesh comprising polypropylene and/or polyethylene, or bi-axially oriented netting. The material strands of layer (a1) and/or layer (a2) have bromine-attracting agent. Preferred Property: The material strands of layer (a1) and/or layer (a2) have diameter of 0.35-0.5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Process: The solar cells are mounted to plated mounting regions through metal or conductive thermosetting silicone resin. The portion of the base portion is cut to form an electric circuit. The condensing lens is molded by compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding or cast molding. The concentrating solar cell module is cut by dicing into individual concentrating solar cell modules.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The support further contains filler, dispersing agent, pigment, fluorescent substance, reflective substance, light-shielding substance and/or fibrous inorganic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The support has an inner wall surface coated with metal by vapor deposition or plating. The support is molded with thermosetting resin containing a silicone resin. The support is formed from material chosen from thermosetting silicone resin, organic modified silicone resin and mixed resin of epoxy resin and silicone resin. Preferred Property: The support has reflectance of 90% or more with respect to light with wavelength of 350-900 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The p-type organic material comprises light-sensitivity structure, and is chosen from p-phenylenevinylene, fluorene, carbazole, thiophene, triarylamine, phenothiazine, fluorenone and/or porphyrin. Preferred Property: The nanoparticles have size of 10-100 nm and polydispersity index of 1-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole transport layer contains poly(3-alkylthiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrenesulfonate) and/or polyaniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrode is anode. The phosphoric acid fuel cell consists of anode, cathode and phosphoric acid electrolyte disposed between the anode and cathode. The anode of the fuel cell is supplied with a carbon monoxide-containing hydrogen fuel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The binary alloy catalyst further comprises a support material on which the alloy is dispersed. The content of alloy which is dispersed on the support material is 5-15 wt.% with respect to total content of platinum and catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is liquid phosphoric acid provided in a supporting matrix, preferably phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The peripheral portion of the film mirror and the support component are joined using adhesive agent or adhesive. Preferred Property: The film mirror has film thickness of 100 mu m or more, preferably 150-1000 mu m. Preferred Composition: The film mirror is film mirror having primary surface coating layer, a primary metal reflection layer, resin base material, a secondary metal reflection layer and a secondary surface coating layer in order, or film mirror having a primary surface coating layer, a primary resin base material, a metallic reflective layer, a secondary resin base material and a secondary surface coating layer in order.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flexible raw material in movable portion is made of resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 4-20C alpha -olefin is 1-butene. The content of monomer is 0.1-15 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass modified olefin polymer (A). The functional group is carboxyl group and/or acid anhydride group. The adhesive agent further comprises hydrocarbon-type synthetic oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer includes structural unit derived from propylene. The content of structural unit derived from propylene is 40-95 mol% with respect to 100 mol% structural units derived from the 2-20C alpha -olefin. The total structural units (excluding structural unit derived from propylene) in the polymer are structural units derived from the 4-20C alpha -olefin. The adhesive bond layer is directly laminated on one surface of the base material. To-be-adhered material is adhered on the one side of the base material through the adhesive bond layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting an alkene compound of formula (aa) with a chromene compound of formula (bb). Preferred Method: The method comprises reacting a 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene compound of formula (cc) with a 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-chromen-2-one compound. The step of dimerizing the branched precursor includes exposing the branched precursor to the UV radiation.B1 = -CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-Br. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing olefin is tetrafluoroethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-containing copolymer has fluorine-containing olefin unit, vinyl alcohol unit and vinyl ester monomer unit. The layer (B) contains organic material, inorganic material and/or non-fluorinated polymer. Preferred Process: The fluorine-containing copolymer is obtained by hydroxylating copolymer having fluorine-containing olefin unit and vinyl ester monomer unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heat treating method comprises pyrolysis. Preferred Components: The M-N-C precursors comprise one or more transition metal precursors and one or more precursors containing nitrogen and carbon. The transition metal precursor is a precursor of iron. The catalytic material is platinum or a platinum group metal or a non-platinum group metal (non-PGM), which is loaded with less than 40 wt.%, preferably 10 wt.% of platinum. The catalytic material comprises platinum, palladium-M, ruthenium-Ch, M-Ch, or bioenzymes, where M is a transition metal and Ch is sulfur, selenium, and/or tellurium. The catalytic material has a different catalytic pathway from the active sites in the polymer, such that two different catalytic pathways are present in the catalyst. The catalytic pathways are a four electron pathway and the other catalytic pathway is a two electron pathway. EXAMPLE - 2 g of Silica was dispersed in 20 ml of deionized water. 3 g of Ferric nitrate and 5 g of polyethylenimine were added to the solution. The mixture was dried on ultrasound bath and grounded with mortar and pestle. The fine powder was heat treated in nitrogen atmosphere at 95 degrees C for 1 hour. The silica was leached by 42 wt.% of hydrofluoride and powder was washed with deionized water until neutral pH to form an active support. Then, chloroplatinic acid was heat treated in hydrogen atmosphere at 200 degrees C for 1 hour to obtain 20 wt.% of platinum supported on active support catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer is chosen from nitrogen-containing compound of formulae (IX)-(XI). The organic thin film solar cell further contains buffer layer comprising conjugated polyelectrolyte-type poly(fluorene-phenylene) provided between cathode layer and the photoactive layer. The conjugated polyelectrolyte is (poly(9,9-bis(6'-(N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium)hexyl)fluorene-alt-phenylene)with bromide).m=10-100;andR13-R18=R1-R12.Preferred Property: The polymer has number average molecular weight of 10000-100000 g/mol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic layer comprises at least one inorganic material in free or hydrated form, selected from vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, manganese oxide, tin oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide or molybdenum oxide (preferably tungsten oxide or zirconium phosphate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The wetting agent is anionic or nonionic surfactant containing hydrophilic polyethylene oxide. The surfactant is Triton X-100. The wetting agent comprises fluorosurfactant, preferably Zonyl FSN (RTM: nonionic fluorosurfactant).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of P25-type titanium dioxide with respect to ST41-type titanium dioxide is 0.5-0.9:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of titanium dioxide, acetylacetone, and anhydrous ethanol contained in the titanium dioxide suspension fluid is 3-4 g:1.2-2 mL:1-1.2 L. The ratio of iodine, ketone, and deionized water contained in the charge solution is 0.067-0.075 g:10-15 mL:5-10 mL.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The flexible substrate is indium tin oxide-polyethylene naphthalate substrate, indium tin oxide-polyethylene terephthalate substrate, or titanium or stainless steel substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gradient index optical layer comprises light-transmissive materials such as titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride, aluminum dioxide, hafnium oxide and tantalum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting (II) with two lanthanide complexes of formula (Ln(L)3(H2O)2) in an organic solvent. Preferred Definitions:    R1, R1a, R2, R2a = n-octyl;    L = n-butylene;    Ln1 = Eu3+;    Ln2 = Eu3+ or Tb3+; and    L1, L2 = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate.    EXAMPLE - Palladium(0) catalyst was prepared from 2.2 mg of palladium(II) acetate and 8.9 mg of tri-p-tolylphosphine in 15 ml of toluene. 438 mf of bis(pinacol) ester of 2,7-diboronic acid of 9,9-di-n-hexylfluorene, 350 mg of 3,6-dibromo-9-(4-(2-pyridine-2-yl-benzoimidazole-1-yl)-butyl)-9H-carbazole, 79 mg of 9,9-dihexyl-2,7-dibromofluorene, and 4.5 ml of an aqueous solution of tetraethylammonium hydroxide at 20% were added to the solution of toluene containing the catalyst. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 120 degrees C for 72 hours. 54 mu l of bromobenzene and 67 mg of esters of phenylboronic acid were added to 5 hours interval. The reaction mixture was introduced in 200 ml of methanol. The gray precipitate was collected by filtration then dissolved in 50 ml of chloroform. The solution was again dropwise added in 200 ml of methanol. The solid was separated from the methanol solution by filtration and washed with acetone using a Soxhlet for 48 hours and to obtain the polymer conjugate. 100 mg of Polymer conjugate was dissolved in 10 ml of anhydrous chloroform. A solution containing 100 mg of diaquatris(thenoyltrifluoroacetonate)europium(III) complex in 10 ml of anhydrous chloroform was added to the organic polymer. The mixture was placed under stirring for 12 hours at 60 degrees C. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The solid was washed with small portions of cold methanol to remove the excess of diaquatris(thenoyltrifluoroacetonate)europium(III) complex, recovered by filtering and drying and worked up to give metallopolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric composition comprises 0.1-5 wt.%, preferably 0.7-2 wt.% of a crosslinking agent, and has a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 120 degrees C, of 12000-23000 mPa.S. Preferred Components: The comonomer of vinyl carboxylic acid ester comprises vinyl acetate (preferred), 2-vinyl ethylhexanoate, vinyl octanoate, and vinyl ester of versatic acid. The copolymer comprises 10-40 wt.%, preferably 15-35 wt.% of comonomer of vinyl carboxylic acid ester. The copolymer is present at an amount of 92-99.9 wt.%, preferably 97.5-99.5 wt.%. The crosslinking agent is a thermal activation crosslinking agent. Preferred Method: The step (c) comprises thermally treating the stack at a temperature, which is higher than the activation temperature of crosslinking agent of the polymeric composition. The method is performed in a continuous manner. EXAMPLE - Copolymers were additivated by 0.3 wt.% of 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate and 1.5 wt.% of O-tert-butyl monoperoxycarbonate and O-(2-ethylhexyl) in a melter at 80 degrees C and stirred at a speed of 250 revolutions per minute to obtain the polymeric composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is made of transparent conducting oxide, indium tin oxide, AZO, IZO, polyethylene terephthalate, PNT and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive silver-coated copper powder is silver-coated copper flakes. Preferred Process: The front-side of thin film photovoltaic cell is sputtered with indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate and/or butyl carbitol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of silver-coated copper powder, resins and organic medium are is 75-93 wt.%, 0.3-6 wt.% and 7-25 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluting agent is reactive diluent containing at least one epoxy base. The diluting agent is epoxypropyl methyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 12-14C alkyl glycidyl ether, epoxy propanol, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane glycidyl ether, and/or phenyl glycidyl ether. The fatty amine is polyetheramine D-230, D-400, T-403, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, pentaethylenehexamine, hexamethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, dihexyltriamine, and/or trimethylhexamethylenediamine. The alicyclic amine is N-aminoethylpiperazine, isophorone diamine, 1,4-cyclohexanediamine, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, and/or m-xylylenediamine. The aromatic amine is m-phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-diethyldiphenylmethane and/or diaminodiphenylsulfone. The auxiliary agent is nonylphenol, benzyl alcohol, acetic acid, benzoic acid, butylphenol, ethyl acetate, and/or polyether polyol. The epoxy compound is butyl glycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 12-14C alkyl glycidyl ether, epoxy propanol, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether, and/or hexanediol diglycidyl ether. Preferred Method: The curing is performed at room temperature for 22-26 hours and then at 60-80 degrees C for 7-9 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy equivalent of bisphenol A epoxy resin is 180-190 g/eq, hydrolyzable chlorine content is less than or equal to 1000 parts/million, and viscosity at 25 degrees C is 11000-14000 mPax second. The epoxy equivalent of bisphenol F epoxy resin is 165-175 g/eq, hydrolyzable chlorine content is less than or equal to 500 parts/million, and viscosity at 25 degrees C is 2000-4000 mPax second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyolefin resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic copolymer, ethylene- alpha unsaturated-carboxylic-ester copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, ethylene-vinylacetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer saponified compound, and ethylene copolymer containing glycidylmethacrylate. Hindered amine light stabilizer has repeating structure more than a dimer. Resin sealing sheet contains 0.01-5 mass part coupling agents. Hindered amine light stabilizer contains N-acyl hindered amine-type compound. Resin sealing sheet contains additive chosen from crosslinking agent, crosslinking adjuvant, and antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The components (A) and (B) are made into uniform liquid state using a polar solvent. The component (B) is a prepolymer which consists of copolymer of acrylic acid and alkylacrylate chosen from 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, or acrylic acid. The prepolymer has weight average molecular weight of 1000-25000. The component (A) is linear or branched epoxidized ether compound or epoxidized ester compound, preferably polyglycidyl ether compound, hydrogenated bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, or neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether. Preferred Process: When components (A) and (B) are dispersed or mixed mutually uniformly at normal temperature, it hardens so that fine granular material optionally disperses in a matrix by hardening reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-composite inorganic pigment is titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, zirconia, alumina, silica or mica, where titanium dioxide having average particle diameter of 200-600 nm is rutile-type powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: First layer has thickness of 5-70 mu m, and second layer has thickness of 10-70 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The selenophene-benzothiadiazole copolymer is prepared by taking formula (i) and formula (ii) at mass ratio 1:1.5-1.5:1, dissolving in tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, benzene or toluene, adding tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride catalyst, performing Stille coupling reaction at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours and purifying. Preferred Method: The formula (i) is prepared taking formula (iii), dissolving in solvent, adding n-butyllithium dropwise, stirring at - 90 degrees C for 2 hours, adding formula (iv), reacting for 10 hours and purifying. The formula (iii) is prepared by dissolving 2-amino-5-nitroaniline in thionyl chloride and pyridine, refluxing at 80-90 degrees C for 24 hours, adding hydrobromic acid, refluxing at 127 degrees C, adding liquid bromine dropwise, refluxing for 4 hours, adding dimethylformamide, heating at 120 degrees C for 3 hours, adding tetrahydrofuran and tin chloride and refluxing for 10 hours. The formula (ii) is prepared by taking formula (v), dissolving in solvent, adding n-butyllithium dropwise, reacting at - 78 degrees C for 1-2 hours, adding tributyltin chloride, reacting for 1 hour and cooling for 6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The anthracene-benzothiadiazole copolymer is prepared by taking formula (i) and formula (ii) at mass ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1, dissolving in tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene or toluene, adding organic palladium catalyst, mixing, adding potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate aqueous solution, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours, separating and purifying. Preferred Method: The formula (i) is prepared by taking formula (iii) and dimethylformamide, reacting at - 90 degrees C, slowly adding n-butyllithium, stirring for 2 hours, adding formula (iv), cooling for 10 hours and purifying. The formula (ii) is prepared by taking formula (v) and tetrahydrofuran, reacting at - 78 degrees C, slowly adding n-butyllithium, stirring for 2 hours, slowly adding formula (vi), reacting for 1 hour, cooling for 6 hours and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking compound (II) and compound (III) at mol ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1, performing Suzuki coupling reaction in organic solvent containing palladium catalyst and sodium carbonate under protective gas atmosphere, and separating and purifying. Compound (II) is prepared by taking 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-diiodo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole of formula (i) and chlorine-containing silicon compound of formula (ii) at mol ratio of 2:1, dissolving compound (i) in N,N-dimethylformamide under protective gas atmosphere, slowly adding n-butyllithium at - 90?oC, reacting while stirring for 2 hours, adding compound (ii), heating to room temperature, reacting for 10 hours, and separating and purifying. Compound (III) is prepared by taking silicon-containing dibromo-fluorene derivative of formula (iii) and boron-containing cyclopentane derivative of formula (iv) at mol ratio of 2:1, dissolving compound (iii) in tetrahydrofuran under protective gas atmosphere, slowly adding low n-butyllithium at - 78?oC, reacting while stirring 2 hours, slowly injecting compound (iv), heating to room temperature, reacting for 6 hours, and separating and purifying. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, benzene and/or toluene. Preferred Method: Suzuki coupling reaction is done at 50-120?oC for 6-100 hours. Separating and purifying comprises extracting reaction system with toluene and deionized water, taking organic phase, vacuum-distilling, dropping into anhydrous methanol, precipitating, filtering, drying to obtain solid powder, dissolving in chloroform, removing chloroform by silica gel chromatographic column, precipitating with methanol, filtering, extracting with acetone, filtering and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking compound (II) and compound (III) at mol ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1, dissolving in organic solvent under inert gas atmosphere, adding catalyst, performing Stille coupling reaction at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours, and separating and purifying. Compound (II) is prepared by reacting 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-diiodo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole of formula (i) with n-butyllithium for 2 hours and reacting with chlorine-containing silicon compound of formula (ii) at 90 degrees C for 10 hours in dimethylformamide solvent under oxygen-free condition. Compound (III) is prepared by adding brominated selenophene derivative of formula (iii) in tetrahydrofuran under inert gas protection, cooling to - 78 degrees C, adding n-butyllithium, reacting while stirring for 1-2 hours, adding tributyltin chloride, reacting at - 78 degrees C for 1 hour, heating to room temperature, reacting for 6 hours, and separating and purifying. Preferred Components: The catalyst having adding amount of 0.5-20 mol is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, bis(dibenzylidene acetone)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, benzene or toluene Preferred Method: Separating and purifying of compound (I) comprises extracting reaction liquid with deionized water and toluene, taking organic phase, vacuum-distilling, adding in anhydrous alcohol, separating precipitate, filtering, drying to obtain solid powder, dissolving in chloroform, separating with toluene in neutral aluminum oxide chromatographic column, vacuum-distilling with methanol, settling, filtering, performing Soxhlet extraction with acetone for 3 days, settling with methanol and vacuum-filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by dissolving compound (II) and compound (III) in organic solvent under inert gas atmosphere at mol ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1, adding catalyst and alkali to obtain mixed solution, performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours, stopping reaction, and separating and purifying. Compound (II) is prepared by mixing 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-diiodo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole of formula (i) with n-butyllithium under inert gas atmosphere and reacting while stirring with chlorine-containing silicon compound of formula (ii) at room temperature for 10 hours. Compound (III) is prepared by adding brominated triphenylamine derivative of formula (iii) in solvent under inert gas protection, cooling to - 78 degrees C, adding n-butyllithium, reacting while stirring for 1-2 hours, adding 2-isopropoxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane, reacting for 1 hour, heating to room temperature, reacting for 6 hours, and separating and purifying. Preferred Components: The catalyst having adding amount of 0.5-20 mol is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, benzene or toluene. Preferred Method: Separating and purifying of compound (I) comprises extracting reaction liquid with deionized water and toluene, taking organic phase, vacuum-distilling, evaporating to 5 mL, adding into 400 mL anhydrous ethanol, continuously stirring, separating solid precipitate, filtering, drying to obtain solid powder, dissolving in chloroform, eluting in silica gel chromatographic column to remove organic solvent, settling, filtering, performing Soxhlet extraction with acetone multiple times, settling with alcohol and vacuum-filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin adhesive layer includes an adhesive matrix containing resin and electroconductive components disposed in the adhesive matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of the metal ion in the metal ion solution is 5-30 mM. The carbon nanotube sheet is further dipped in nitric acid aqueous solution. The carbon nanotube dispersion solution further contains dispersing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass, metal or plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sodium-containing doped solution comprises sodium chloride as solute. The chalcogenide absorbing layer comprises copper-zinc-tin sulfide and copper-indium-gallium selenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyphenylene ether resin comprises polyphenylene ether resin and/or vinyl aromatic polymer resin. The glass fibers have a diameter of 8-15 mu m and length of 2-5 mm. The reinforcing material is at least one of talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate, wollastonite and mica. The impact resistance agent is polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene triblock polymer. EXAMPLE - 100 pts. wt. Vydyne 50BW (RTM: Polyamide), 100 pts. wt. Xyron S201A (RTM: Polyphenylene ether powder), 6 pts. wt. KRATON G (RTM: Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene polymers), 15 pts. wt. PNA 400 (RTM: Talc) and 75 wt.% glass fiber CS311 were melt-kneaded in twin-screw extruder and heated at 255-280 degrees C. The resultant composition was dried for 6 hours to obtain polyamide composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode active material is silicon, silicon-carbon composite, silicon alloy formed with metal complex, silicon-carbon nanocomposite, silicon oxide, and/or carbon-coated silicon or oxide of silicon. The silicon-carbon composite contains 40-80 pts. wt. silicon and 20-60 pts. wt. carbon. The carbon material is natural graphite, artificial graphite, meso carbon micro beads, carbon fiber and carbon black. The cathode active material is lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickelate, lithium manganese dioxide, lithium manganate , lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide (LiNi1-yCoyO2, y is 0 or more and less than 1), lithium-cobalt-manganese oxide (LiCo1-yMnyO2), lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (LiNi1-yMnyO2), or lithium-cobalt-manganese oxide (Li(NiaCobMnc)O2, where a is more than 0, b and c are 1 or more, and a+b+c is 1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer having functional group is acrylonitrile, acrylate-based monomer, or group of formulae (I)-(VI). The electrolyte contains solvent, ionizable lithium salt, polymerization initiator and branched monomer. The monomer is monomer having 2-6 acrylate groups. The branched monomer is di-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and/or dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate. The content of monomer having functional group and branched monomer with respect to total content of composition is 0.1-10 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide further contains silicon oxide. Before coating, the content of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and organosilicon compound (D) is 0.2-5 pts. wt., 0.1-6 pts. wt. and 0.1-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organosilicon compound (D) is silane compound or its hydrolytic condensation reaction material. The silane compound is of formula: Rn-Si-(OR')4-n (I).n=1-3;R=H, alkyl, vinyl, methacryl or epoxy;andR'=alkyl, aryl or acyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Alternatively, the solar cell sealing material is obtained by mixing ethylene-type resin and masterbatch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Methacrylic acid can be used instead of acrylic acid, in the same molar ratio. Ethyl acrylate can be replaced by propyl acrylate in the same molar ratio. Mercaptoacetic acid can be replaced by its ethyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: Methallyl polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of 2000-2400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Adhesive agent composition contains pigment (D) e.g. inorganic oxide and/or carbon black. Adhesive agent composition contains 1-400 pts. wt. component (D) with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Resin (A) is acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, polyolefin resin, and/or fluororesin. Particle (C) is polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, fluororesin, such as perfluoro alkoxy resin, nitrogen-containing resin, such as polyamide, polyimide, and polyamidoimide, sulfur-containing resin, such as polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyether sulfone, polyester resin, such as polyarylate (PAR), polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and liquid crystal polymer (LCP), oxygen-containing resin, such as polyetheretherketone, polyacetal, and polyphenylene oxide, and/or surface-treated polyolefin resin. Adhesive agent composition contains 0.01-20 pts. wt. particle (C) with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin (A). Adhesive agent composition comprises epoxy resin. Sealing material is composition containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Parameters: Number average molecular weight of resin (A) is 5000-50000. Glass transition temperature of resin (A) is 20-110 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of porous particles in the adhesive bond layer (A) is 0.05-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The porous particles are porous particles by which crystal water is thermally desorbed. Preferred Property: The porous particles have pore diameter of 0.3-1 nm and average particle diameter 0.1-50 mu m. Preferred Definitions:    x=1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary quantum dot layer and secondary quantum dot layer respectively contains quantum dot and conductive polymer. The quantum dot is group II-VI compound semiconductor nanocrystals, group III semiconductor nanocrystals, and/or group IV semiconductor nanocrystals, preferably chosen from 24 compounds e.g. cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, zinc sulfide and zinc selenide, or 26 compounds e.g. gallium nitride, gallium phosphide, aluminum nitride, indium phosphate and indium nitride. The quantum dot has band gap of 1.1-6 eV. The primary electrode contains indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver, aluminum, gold, copper, carbon nanotubes and/or graphene. The secondary electrode contains silver, aluminum, gold, copper and/or platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is deposited with the insulating material, and is chosen from silicon substrate, metallic board, conductive oxide substrate, conductive polymer substrate, flexible polymer substrate, flexible metal plate, alumina substrate and sapphire substrate. The bottom electrode contains iron, silver, gold, copper, chromium, tungsten, aluminum, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, indium, manganese, silicon, tantalum, tin, lead, vanadium, ruthenium, iridium, zirconium, rhodium, and/or magnesium. The inorganic substances in the active layer containing inorganic substance, are silicon, gallium arsenide, zinc oxide and/or titania.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Organic substances in the active layer containing organic substance, are chosen from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4,7-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b)dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)-thiophenediyl), (2S)-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propanoate, (6,6)-phenyl-61C-methyl butyrate, and 1',1",4',4"-tetrahydro-di(1,4)methanonaphthaleno(5,6)fullerene-60C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The substrate may also be metal. The anode is made of metal oxide or doped metal oxide. The cathode is made of opaque metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The substrate may be flexible polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Mixing molybdenum oxide with etchant in a ratio of 1 mg:1 ml at 5-85 degrees C and magnetically stirring for 30 days. Preferred Components: Etching agent is selected from formaldehyde solution, formic acid, perchloric acid, ammonium hydroxide, ethylene glycol or sodium borohydride solution. Preferred Process: Electrode sheet preparation involves mixing carbon black, lithium ion battery material, polyvinylidene fluoride binder in a ratio 8:1:1 uniformly to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture is dispersed ultrasonically at 60 degrees C for 4-6 hours and vacuum drying for 4-12 hours to obtain desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sterilizer main body is made of plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is diethylene glycol diacrylate ester, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate ester, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-butanediol dimethacrylate and/or divinylbenzene. Diethylene glycol diacrylate ester and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate ester is of formula (CH2=C(R1)CO2(CH2CH2O)m-COC(R1)=CH2). Initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide or peroxydicarbonates. Lithium ion battery liquid electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate or trifluoromethanesulfonate. Polymerizable monomer contains active monomer of formula (IV).R1=-H or -CH3;m=1-5; andR'=-COOR, -CN, -C6H5 or -CONR2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A thiophene derivative of formula (IV) and thiophene derivative of formula (V) are subjected to copolymerization under the action of catalyst, to obtain polythiophene derivative (I). The catalyst is (1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)dichloronickel (II), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0), (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)dichloronickel (II), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium (0), palladium chloride or palladium acetate.Y'=boronic acid, borate chosen from chosen from 1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,2,3-dioxane borolan alkyl-2-yl, 5,5-dimethyl-2-dioxaborolan alkyl-2-yl, zinc halide chosen from zinc chloride and zinc bromide, or trialkyltin chosen from trimethyl tin, diethyl tin and dibutyl tin when X is I, Br or Cl;andX=boronic acid, borate, zinc halide or trialkyltin when Y' is I, Br and Cl.Preferred Property: The molecular weight distribute index of polythiophene derivative is 1.5-1.7. Preferred Component: The photovoltaic device further consists of electrode (e1), electrode (e2), and active material layer comprising polythiophene derivative (I) disposed between electrode (e1) and electrode (e2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide, lithium thiocyanate, lithium aluminate or lithium tetrachloroaluminate. The concentration of lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.1-2 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is (((Si-(CH3)3)-O-C(R4)(R5)-CN) (II), ((Si-(CH3)3)-O-C(R4)(R5)-C(R6)(R7)-CN) (III) or ((Si-(CH3)3)-O-C(R4)(R5)-C(R6)(R7)-C(R8)(R9)-CN) (IV). The electrolyte comprises 1-20 wt.% of (I). The electrolyte further includes: a first additive including oxalato borate type compound, vinylidene carbonate type compound and sulfenyl group containing compound; and a second additive including lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium bisoxalatoborate), fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylenecarbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, divinyl sulfone, ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, diallyl sulfonate, ethane sultone, propane sultone, butane sultone, ethene sultone and propenesultone. The electrolyte comprises 0.1-5 wt.% of additives. The non-aqueous organic solvent is cyclic carbonate solvent and/or chain carbonate solvent, where the cyclic carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, methylisopropyl carbonate or ethylpropyl carbonate, and the chain carbonate is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylenecarbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, fluorine ethylene carbonate and their mixture. The volume ratio of the linear carbonate solvent and the cyclic carbonate solvent in the non-aqueous organic solvent is 1:1-9:1.R4-R9 = H, methyl, ethyl, butyl or pentyl. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3, L = ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, hepthylene, octylene, nonylene or decylene.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoparticle comprises silver (preferred), gold, copper, nickel, and/or aluminum. The number of the metal nanoparticle combined on the surface of the carbon quantum dot is 2-8. A diameter of the metal nanoparticles and the carbon quantum dots is 4-8 nm and 1-10 nm, respectively. A UV-visible absorption spectrum of the carbon quantum-metal nanoparticle composite has a wavelength of 450-500 nm. Preferred Method: The carbon quantum dots are prepared after pyrolysis of dehydrated carbohydrates such as oligosaccharide. The quantum dots are reacted with polyethylene glycol having weight-average molecular weight of 1000-2000 before mixed with the metal salt. The metal salt is silver nitrate. The mixed weight ratio of the metal salt and the carbon quantum dot is 2:1-1:2. The irradiating step is carried out at a wavelength range of 200-280 nm for 10 minutes to 1 hour. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic layer comprises aluminum foil or stainless foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecular weight of (I) is 50-5000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 100 pts. wt. epoxy resin and 0.001-20 pts. wt. (I). The composition further comprises a binder resin, a silane coupling agent and a curing agent. The content of binder resin is greater than or equal to 20 pts. wt., based on 100 pts. wt. epoxy resin. The content of silane coupling agent is greater than 0 to 10 pts. wt., based on 100 pts. wt. epoxy resin. Preferred Components: The epoxy resin comprises liquid epoxy resin and solid epoxy resin. The epoxy bonding layer has thickness of 0.01-100 mu m. The polyolefin resin layer comprises polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polybutylene resin or polypentylene resin. The peeling force of polyolefin resin layer and epoxy adhesive layer with aluminum foil is 200-1500 g-force/1.5 cm. The adhesive composition is coated on the cast polypropylene resin, dried and heat laminated with aluminum foil and heated to cure adhesive layer to obtain 1.5 cmx 6 cm polypropylene/adhesive/aluminum foil sample with peeling angle of 180 degrees and a peel rate of 5 mm/s. The metallic layer is formed with a protective layer on its surface opposite to the surface which is bonded to epoxy adhesive layer. Preferred Method: The packaging material is manufactured by roll-to-roll method EXAMPLE - 10 pts. wt. KSR-277EK80 (RTM: Silane-modified liquid bisphenol A epoxy resin), 40 pts. wt. YD-128 (RTM: Liquid bisphenol A epoxy resin), 71 pts. wt. YP-50EK (RTM: Phenoxy resin) dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone with solid content of 35.2 wt.%, 2.5 pts. wt. C11ZA (RTM: Imidazole curing agent), 2 pts. wt. 1,2-epoxyisododecane and 14 pts. wt. ethylene glycol monomethyl ether were mixed to obtain the adhesive composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The segment (A2) which does not contain ionic group contains structural unit of formula (X)-(XII).Ar4,Ar5,Ar6a,Ar6b=Ar1;andW'=oxygen, 1-6C alkylene or 1-6C fluoroalkylene.Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of each of segment (A1) and segment (A2) is 5000-50000, respectively. The block copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 100000-1 million and molecular weight distribution of 4 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gas atmosphere comprises air, nitrogen, inert gas, ammonia, and/or hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor material comprises a mixture of polysilazane compound and 20-60 wt.% of dialkyl ether having with a boiling point of 90 degrees C at atmospheric conditions, dibutyl ether, di-sec-butyl ether, and/or di-tert-butyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The titanium material or its alloy material has surface roughness of 0.5-5 mu m, contact resistance with a carbon paper of 10 m Omega .cm2 or less under load of 10 kgf/cm2 of contact-pressure, and contact resistance with carbon paper after deterioration accelerated test carried out by immersing titanium material or its alloy material in sulfuric acid aqueous solution having pH of 3 at 80 degrees C for 4 days, of 20 m Omega .cm2 or less under load of 10 kgf/cm2 of contact-pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The titanium-alloy material has surface roughness of 0.5-5 mu m, contact resistance with carbon paper of 10 m( Omega ).cm2 or less at contact-pressure of 10 kgf/cm2, and point angle of protrusion is 60 degrees or less. The thickness of titanium film is 3-15 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: TiO2 is P25 and/or ST41. P25 and ST41 are combined with ratio of 0.5-9:1. Substrate is a flexible substrate e.g. indium tin oxide-polyethylene naphthalate (ITO-PEN), ITO-polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PEN), or titanium, or stainless steel. Cathode is a titanium-coated flexible substrate. Preferred Processes: Photoanode is prepared by preparing TiO2 suspension fluid containing TiO2, acetylacetone, and anhydrous ethanol, preparing charge solution containing iodine, ketone, and deionized water, mixing TiO2 suspension fluid and charge solution to obtain electrophoresis suspension, soaking substrate and cathode into electrophoresis suspension, performing electrophoresis to obtain TiO2 deposited substrate in which substrate and cathode are flexible, heating TiO2 deposited substrate, and compressing heated TiO2 substrate. Substrate and cathode are arranged with a distance of 0.5-1.2 cm. Preferred Conditions: Deposited TiO2 substrate is heated at 100-140 degrees C. Heated TiO2 substrate is compressed at 20-50 kg/cm2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: TiO2, acetylacetone, and anhydrous ethanol are combined with ratio (g:ml:L) of 3-4:1.2-2:1-1.2. Iodine, ketone, and deionized water are combined with ratio (g:ml:ml) of 0.067-0.075:10-15:5-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Gel electrolyte contains poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) (PAN-VA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate and another substrate are formed by a glass substrate or a plastic substrate, indium tin oxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, zinc oxide and tin dioxide. The porous semiconductor layer is formed by titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, indium oxide, niobium oxide and tin oxide. The catalyst layer is formed by platinum, carbon or a conductive polymer. The solvent is formed by acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, butyrolactone, methoxy acetonitrile, propionitrile, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. The dye is formed by a red dye and a black dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrodes are formed by indium tin oxide, fluorinated tin oxide, zinc oxide and tin oxide. The porous semiconductor layer is formed by titanium dioxide, tungsten trioxide, indium trioxide and niobium trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The catalyst layer is formed by platinum and carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The catalyst layer is formed by conductive polymer. The solvent is formed by acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, butyrolactone, methoxy acetonitrile, propionitrile, ethylene carbonate, or propylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous powder is zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During manufacture process, the oxalic acid glycol ester is added before the addition of porous powder or together with porous powder. The oxalic acid glycol ester is obtained by adding porous fine particle to oxalic-acid glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The support substrate is comprised with resin or glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating liquid further contains inorganic particles or clay mineral particles, and has viscosity of 10-500 mPa.second or less. The clay mineral particles are phyllosilicate mineral, imogolite and allophane. The concentration of the white pigment after heat-hardening is 60-95 %mass. The white pigment is titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate and/or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane compound is oligomerized. The solvent is monohydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol more than bivalence.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter of silicoaluminophosphate is 0.1-150 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Resin composition contains 0.01-1 pt. wt. silicoaluminophosphates and 100 pts. wt. ethylene copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxide of bivalent to hexavalent metallic elements is zinc oxide, gallium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, or tungsten oxide. The total weight ratio of oxides of bivalent to hexavalent metallic elements in the crystalline transparent conductive film is preferably 5-16 wt.%. The amount of indium oxide contained in the primary and secondary amorphous transparent conductive films is 10 wt.% or less and 25 wt.% or less, respectively. The oxide of tetravalent metallic element is tin oxide or titanium oxide, preferably tin oxide. The amount of oxygen contained in heat-processing atmosphere used during the manufacture of transparent conductive base material is 20-100 volume%. The amount of tin oxide contained in the primary and secondary amorphous transparent conductive films is 3 wt.% or more. Preferred Properties: The total film thickness of the mono layer and the crystalline transparent conductive film is 35 nm or less, preferably 25 nm or less. The film thickness of the primary amorphous transparent conductive film or the secondary amorphous transparent conductive film is 10 nm or more. The primary amorphous transparent conductive film or secondary amorphous transparent conductive film has a surface-resistance value of 125 Omega /square or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The transparent base material is a resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel electrode powder is formed using 30-40 vol.% metal powder, 30-40 vol.% solid electrolyte powder and 30-40 vol.% pore-forming polymer powder. The solid electrolyte powder is zirconia-yttria-containing compound of formula: (ZrO2)1-x(Y2O3)x (I) or zirconia-scandium oxide-yttria-containing compound of formula: (ZrO2)0.90(Sc2O3)0.1-z(Y2O3)z (II), where x is 0.08-0.1 and z is 0.01-0.02. Preferred Property: The thickness of fuel electrode green sheet is 60-70 mu m. The thickness of green sheet is 10-30 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal powder is iron-chromium-based alloy and ferritic stainless steel alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride. Amount of added catalyst is 0.05-20 mol.%. Solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, benzene or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking compound (II) and compound (III) at molar ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1, carrying out Suzuki coupling at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours in presence of catalyst, solvent and sodium carbonate under inert gas atmosphere, separating, and purifying. Preferred Method: Separating and purifying involves adding toluene and deionized water, taking organic phase, vacuum-distilling, precipitating in anhydrous methanol, filtering, drying, dissolving in chloroform, removing catalyst using neutral alumina chromatographic column, removing chloroform, settling, filtering, extracting for 3 days using Soxhlet extractor, settling, and vacuum-filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Tin-containing thiophene compound of formula (A) and benzothiophene compound of formula (B) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction in presence of catalyst and organic solvent, separated and purified, to obtain benzothiophene-based copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organopalladium compound or organic phosphine ligand, preferably bis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium, palladium acetate, tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and/or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide and/or lithium bis (oxalato) borate ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and/or gamma -butyrolactone. The method utilizes a base solvent comprising acetone, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or N,N-dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mold is stainless steel mold, glass mold and/or PTFE mold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is palladium catalyst (Pd2(dba)3, Pd(PPh3)4 or Pd(PPh3)2Cl2). The solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, benzene and toluene. The thiophene compound (A) is produced using 2-amino-4-nitrophenylamine and 2-nitrothieno(3,4-b)pyrazine as raw materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A bromine-containing thiophene compound of formula (A) and tin compound of formula (B) are reacted in molar ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1 in inert gas atmosphere in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours, and purified to produce selenium-containing thiophene pyrrole-(benzothiadiazole) copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Dibromo-thioazole compound of formula (A) and tin-containing thiophene compound of formula (B) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours in presence of catalyst and organic solvent under inert gas atmosphere, separated and purified, to obtain silyl group-containing thiphene-benzothiazole copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is tris(dibenzylidene acetone)palladium, tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium and/or diphenyl phosphorus dichloride. The organic solvent is toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and/or benzene. Preferred Process: 4-Nitro-1,2-diamine and thionyl chloride are reacted in presence of catalyst and pyridine, to obtain 5-nitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The 5-nitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, hydrobromic acid or liquid bromine are reacted, to obtain 4,7-dibromo-5-nitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The 4,7-dibromo-5-nitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole is reacted with copper in N,N-dimethyl formamide, to obtain 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-dinitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-dinitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and tin dichloride are heated in dry tetrahydrofuran to 100 degrees C for 10 hours, sodium nitrite and potassium iodide are dripped to the mixture, and reacted for 12 hours, to obtain 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-diiodo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole. The 4,4'-dibromo-6,6'-diiodo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole is reacted with dichlorosilane compound of formula: R1-Si(-Cl2)-R2 (D), to obtain compound (A). The compound (B)is obtained by reacting dibromothiophene compound of formula (C) and tributyltin chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The counter electrode is aluminum electrode. The transparent conductive electrode is indium-tin oxide layer which is formed on the surface of rigid or flexible transparent substrate. The inorganic semiconductor quantum dot is lead sulfide quantum dot. The metal oxide quantum dot is zinc oxide quantum dot.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic hole transport layer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The silver nanowires have an average diameter of 1-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent-electrode coating composition comprises 0.01-1 wt.% silver nanowires, 15-45 wt.% distilled water, 15-45 wt.% alcohol, and 0.01-5 wt.% acrylic polyester resin binder. The composition has a surface resistivity of 150-300 Omega /square.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The content of silver nanowire and distilled water is 0.01-2 wt.% and 15-45 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alcohol and additive is 15-45 wt.% and 0.001-1 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The content of polyester resin is 0.01-5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a solvent comprising water, propan-2-ol, 2-butoxyethanol (or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), ethanol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, Dowanol DPM (RTM: Glycol ether), or ethylene glycol methyl ether. Preferred Components: (A) is electrically conductive or electrically semiconductor. The water is present in an amount of 5 vol.%, preferably 0 vol.%. The propan-2-ol is present in an amount of 30 vol.%, preferably 50-55 vol.%. The 2-butoxyethanol is present in an amount of 10-50 vol.%, preferably 15-35 vol.%. (A) is present in an amount of 0.05-0.2 wt.%. An amount of (A) in the layer is 1-30 wt.%, preferably 25-30 wt.%. Preferred Method: The deposition is performed by inkjet printing. An upper electrode made of silver is then deposited at the surface of the HTL by inkjet printing. The layer is arranged at the surface of the active layer of the device. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1, Ar2 = thiophene (preferred), bithiophene, terthiophene, thienothiophene, pyrrole, carbazole, diketopyrrolopyrrole, selenophene, cyclopentadithiophene, dithieno cyclopentadithiophene, silicon-cyclopentadithiophene, dithieno silicon-cyclopentadithiophene, fluorene, dithienofluorene, benzene, benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole, dithienobenzothiadiazole, quinoxaline, thiazole, or phosphole.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 1 compound (A) is specifically claimed, i.e. 4-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)thiophene-3-sulfonic acid of formula (Ia).    EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 16 vol.% of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate; 1 vol.% of Plexcore (RTM: Organic conductive inks); 50 vol.% of isopropanol or propan-2-ol; and 33 vol.% of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron carrying layer comprises at least one material chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, and niobium oxide. The hole transport layer contains an ionic liquid. Between the hole transport layer (9) and the electrode (4), a hole transport layer (10) containing a hole transporting polymeric material is formed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic compound in polymer is 4-((oxan-2-yloxy)methyl)-N-(4-((oxan-2-yloxy)methyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline-containing compound of formula (I). The hole transport layer (9) contains polymer containing aromatic compound and N,N-diphenyl-3a1,5-dihydropyren-1-amine-containing compound of formula (II), which are polymerized. The ionic liquid contains an imidazolium compound.X=-CH2-, -O-, -CH=CH-, -CH=CH-Ph-CH=CH-, -Ph- or single bond, in which Ph is a phenylene;R1,R2=H or methyl;R3,R4=methyl;anda,b=0-5.Preferred Process: The polymer comprises polymer formed by reaction of portion of aromatic compound which is detached. The aromatic compound contains the polymer formed when portion of ((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl group cuts, detaches and polymerizes based on curing catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hindered amine-type compound is an alkoxyimino group-type hindered amine compound. The phosphate-type compound is an aromatic condensed phosphate compound. The secondary layer contains 5-30 wt.% rutile-type titanium oxide particles. The primary layer contains ultraviolet absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Any one of primary layer, secondary layer and tertiary layer contains copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, and/or ethylene and propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): 4,4'-Dibromo biphenyl is dissolved in a solvent including tetrahydrofuran. Tert-butyllithium is dripped to the solution and stirred. Dimethyl carbonate is dripped, to obtain polytri-aryl methanol. The obtained polytri-aryl methanol is vacuum-dried. Sodium iodide is dissolved in solvent. The dimethyldichlorosilane is dripped to the solution comprising polytri-aryl methanol and sodium iodide, and stirred, to obtain hydrocarbon zeolite. The hydrocarbon zeolite is dissolved in solvent including tetrahydrofuran. N-butyllithium is dripped to the solution. Iodine is dripped in the obtained solution for dissolving tetrahydroduran, to obtain organic radical compound. Preferred Composition: The organic radical compound has anion structure of formula (II) in reduced state and cation structure of formula (III) in an oxidized state. Preferred Property: The organic radical compound has Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of 500-600 m2/g. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluidic connection unit is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate, a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, a flexible plastic substrate, or an inorganic semiconductor structure. The surfactant is Triton X-100 (RTM: non-ionic surfactant).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solvent is water, ethyl isopropanol, toluene, xylene, or chlorine-containing solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reaction member is subjected to volume expansion or contraction if the temperature exceeds the critical temperature. The reaction member is a thermo-sensitive polymer, preferably N-isopropylacrylamide or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). A thermal conductor (16) is set between the cell and the reaction member. The heat from the cell is delivered to the reaction body through the thermal conductor. The reaction member is equipped inside a guide (20). The expansion or contraction direction of the reaction member is guided by the guide. A module cover (22) is set at the end of the baffle. The module cover is guided based on the direction of the movement of the baffle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The roughness of the first electrode is 10-50 nm. The sensitizing dye has a carboxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas atmosphere is argon or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Tin-containing thiophene compound of formula (A) is reacted dibromo-thiazole compound of formula (B) in presence of catalyst and organic solvent at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours under gas atmosphere, separated and purified, to obtain benzothiazole-based copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organopalladium compound or organic phosphine ligand, preferably bis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine)palladium, palladium acetate, tri(o-methoxy phenyl)phosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The buffering layer contains poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate). The cathode is aluminum electrode or double-metal layer electrode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carbonaceous substance is carbon dioxide, ammonium carbonate, and/or ammonium bicarbonate. Lead paste comprises 50-65 wt.% lead(II) sulfate, 25-35 wt.% lead dioxide (PbO2), 4-10 wt.% lead(II) oxide, and 1-6 wt.% lead (Pb).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Amine-containing substance is ammonia, urea, ethylenediamine, diethylamine, and/or triethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar cell module comprises 1-40 wt.% carbon nanotubes or graphene. The front encapsulating material sheet is ethylene vinyl acetate. The rear encapsulating material sheet is made of ethylene-olefin based polymer. The thickness of the front and rear encapsulating material sheets is 100-600 mu m. The total thickness of the front and rear encapsulating material sheets is 0.2-1.2 mm. The rear encapsulating material sheet is provided with duplex structure which includes a transparent layer on one side and an opaque layer on other side which contains 1-40 wt.% carbon nanotubes or graphene and prepared by laminating and molding each layer through co-extrusion process. The thickness of the transparent layer of the rear encapsulating material sheet is 50-200 mu m. The thickness of the opaque layer of the rear encapsulating material sheet is 100-500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Double-core alkylimidazole cation is N-dodecyl imidazole cation pair of formula (I). Film contains 5-30 wt.% double-core N-dodecyl imidazole cation. Mole ratio of N-dodecyl imidazole and 1,4-dibromobutane is 1:1:2:1 and 3:1. Amount of aldehyde is 0.5-1.5 wt.% of the amount of quat.-ammonium chitosan.R=dodecyl.Preferred Condition: Reflux temperature is 60-80 degrees C. Reflux time is 12-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode includes a metal selected from magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, indium, yttrium, lithium, aluminum, silver, tin, lead, stainless steel, copper, tungsten or silicone. The anode is made of metal mesh pattern. Organic transparent electrode is transparent oxide. The anode is selected from tin-doped indium oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide doped-gallium oxide, zinc oxide doped-aluminum oxide or tin oxide doped-antimony trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A transparent plastic substrate, polydimethylsiloxane, polymer, conducting polymer, graphen thin film, graphene oxide thin film, carbon nanotube thin film and metal are also used in the manufacturing of a metal mesh electrode. The transparent plastic substrate is made of a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyether-ether-ketone, polyethersulfone or polyether imide. The polymer is the silicone polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting N-phenyl-9H-fluoren-3-amine compound of formula (II) with 5-((E)-2-bromovinyl)-6-methylsulfanyl-4H-cyclopenta(b)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde compound of formula (III) to prepare N-(9H-fluoren-3-yl)-N-phenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine compound of formula (IV), and reacting (IV) with cyanoacetic acid to prepare (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is solid or semi-solid phase (solid state) electrolyte such as poly(vinylidene-fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVH70), PVH80, or poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP). The solid phase electrolyte further comprises (2,2'7,7'-tetrakis. (N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene). Preferred Definitions:    R, R1 = H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, 2-ethylpentyl, octyl, 3-propylpentyl, nonyl, decanyl, or 2-octyldodecanyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The inherent viscosity (IV) of the polyester is 0.60-0.70. The ratio of the diameter (a) of the long length direction to diameter (b) of the short length direction in the flat thread spinneret is 5-15. The diameter of the long length direction in the flat thread spinneret is 0.1-7.5 mm, the diameter of the short length direction is 0.02-0.5 mm, and the capillary length is 0.1-2 mm. The amount of non-woven fabric is 10-50 g/m2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The water removal unit is water filter, moisture removal adsorbent or cold condensing unit. The fuel cell is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The gas-liquid separator comprises cyclone system gas-liquid separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium chlorate, lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide and lithium bisoxalatoborate. The anode active material contains carbon-type anode active material. The cathode active material contains graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of comprises nonaqueous solvent containing polypropylene carbonate and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide is 1:6-9. The concentration of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide is 0.6-1.5 mol/l. The nonaqueous electrolyte is ethylene carbonate-free nonaqueous electrolyte. The content of the polypropylene carbonate is 10-50 pts. wt., with respect to 100 pts. wt. nonaqueous solvent. The nonaqueous solvent further contains ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ester-based solvent, ether-based solvent and/or ketone-based organic solvent. The nonaqueous electrolyte further contains lithium salt, vinylidene carbonate-based compound and sultone compound. The vinylidene carbonate-based compound is chosen from vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and vinylene-ethylene carbonate. The sultone compound is chosen from 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone and 1,3-propene sultone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filler consists of water-containing silicate magnesium, calcium carbonate, aluminium oxide, crystalline silica, and a fused silica. The charge transferring layer is the electrolyte solution containing an iodine type redox couple.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photopolymerization initiator consists of acetophenone series photoinitiator, a benzoin system photoinitiator, benzophenone series photoinitiator, thioxanthone type photoinitiator, carbazole system photoinitiator, anthraquinone type photoinitiator, acyl phosphine system photoinitiator, and acridine series photoinitiator. The hardening accelerators are imidazole compound of a solid dispersion, or amine-adduct compound of solid dispersion. The silane coupling agent consists of glycidyl ethoxysilane, glycidyl methoxysilane, and aminosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of vinyl acetate contained in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 20-30 %mass. The resin composition further contains 0.0001-0.02 parts mass silane coupling agent with respect to 100 parts mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The solar cell backsheet is obtained by extruding resin containing a material, and extrusion-laminating the primary and secondary layers. The sealing resin layer is obtained by heating and crosslinking resin composition containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Properties: The sealing resin layer has volume resistivity of 1x 1012-1x 1016 Omega and half life of less than 60 minutes, when adding organic peroxide with respect to ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The adhesive strength between primary layer and secondary layer is 4 N/cm or more, after maintaining the solar cell backsheet at a temperature of 85 degrees C and humidity of 85 %RH for 1000 hours. The adhesive strength between sealing resin layer and secondary layer is 5 N/cm or more, after maintaining the module at a temperature of 85 degrees C and humidity of 85 %RH for 1000 hours. The water-vapor permeability of the solar cell backsheet at temperature of 40 degrees C and humidity of 90 %RH is 0.1-5 g/(m2x day).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The supporting density of the catalyst particles is 30-70%. In X-ray diffraction analysis of the catalyst particles, the 2 theta value is 40-42 degrees at peak position in which main peak appears at 41-41.5 degrees .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing solution includes sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphorous acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, chloric acid, hypochlorous acid or chromic acid. Preferred Conditions: The catalyst is contacted with oxidizing solution at 40-110 degrees C for 1-30 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pH control solvent is selected from ammonia, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pH control solvent is urea.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transition metal oxide is lithium titanium oxide. Graphite oxide polyol dispersion liquid and pH control solvent are used in the manufacturing of transition metal oxide-graphene nanocomposite material. The graphite oxide polyol dispersion liquid is polyol solvent. The polyol solvent is selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol or tetratethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The nonwoven fabric is formed with a material selected from natural fiber, synthetic fiber, glass fiber or cellulose group material, where the synthetic fiber comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photoelectric converting layer contains n-type semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A aromatic compound of formula: V1-(D)l-V1 (I-a) and aromatic compound of formula: -((D)l-(wA1)m1-(A)m3-(wA2)m2)n- (I-b) are reacted, to obtain polymer (I).V1=trialkyl tin group, trialkylsilyl or -B(OR( alpha ))2;andV2=halo or perfluoro alkane sulfonyloxy.Preferred Property: The mass mean molecular weight of polymer (I) is 10000-1 million. EXAMPLE - 147 mg 1-(4,6-Bis(5-bromo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3-fluorothieno(3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)-3-decylpentadecan-1-one, 104 mg (2,8-bis((2-decyltetradecyl)oxy)-11-(trimethylstannyl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)trimethylstannane, 2.48 mg tris (dibenzylidene acetone) dipalladium (0) chloroform adduct and 2.92 mg triphenylphosphines were added in a reactor, 5 mL toluene was added, reacted, dried under reduced pressure, filtered, and crystallized. Solid was dissolved in chloroform, filtered, and solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, purified, concentrate was extracted with acetone, impurity was removed, and dried, to obtain 182 mg polymer with a yield of 96%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Material: The proton exchange material includes an equivalent weight of less than or equal to 800. Preferred Components: The carbon chain link has two carbon atoms. The at least one sulfonimide group includes foremost sulfonimide group with respect to the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain, and the carbon chain link is between the foremost sulfonimide group and the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain. The carbon chain link is a foremost carbon chain link with respect to the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain. The side chain terminates at a free end with -CF3 group. The at least one sulfonimide group includes at least two sulfonimide groups. The side chain is -O-CF2-CF2-SI-Rf-SI-CF3 or -O-CF2-CF2-SI-Rfa-SI-CF3. The linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain is -(CF2-CF2)x-(CF2-CF)-. The side chain is linear and has a free end. The end-capping agent is -F-CF2-CF2-SI-Rf-SI-CF3 or -F-CF2-CF2-SI-Rfa-SI-CF3.SI=sulfonamide;Rf=-(CF2)n-;n=1-6;;Rfa=-(CF2)n'-O-(CF2)n';n'=1-4;x=2-7 (preferably 4-5).Preferred Method: The forming step involves: a) copolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated vinyl ether monomer to produce the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain and precursor side chain extending off of the linear perfluorinated carbon backbone chain, the precursor side chain terminating in a sulfonyl fluoride group, -SO2-F; b) exposing the product of step (a) to ammonia to convert sulfonyl fluoride group to sulfonamide group, -SO2-NH2, and c) contacting the product of step (b) with an end-capping agent to convert the sulfonamide group to the side chain including the at least one sulfonimide group; or synthesizing perfluorinated sulfonic acid precursor and converting sulfonic acid groups, -SO2F, in the perfluorinated sulfonic acid precursor to amide groups, -SO2-NH2; and converting the amide groups to the at least one sulfonimide group. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Aqueous alkali solution is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, or calcium hydroxide aqueous solution. Aqueous alkali solution concentration is 1-10 wt.%. Preferred Parameters: Aqueous alkali solution temperature is 25-200 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: After loosening, chipped bamboo material is processed with aqueous alkali solution. After compression-molding of bamboo fiber body obtained in aqueous alkali solution treatment, bamboo fiber body e.g. paper, nonwoven fabric, or textile fabric is subjected to carbonization process to produce bamboo charcoal fiber body. Carbonization process is performed at greater than or equal to 1300 degrees C. Preliminary carbonization process is performed at 450-1300 degrees C in inert atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoparticles have a particle size of less than 100 nm and a purity of greater than 99.5%. The metal comprises silver, gold and/or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar group comprises maleic acid, maleic anhydride, a carboxylic acid and/or a hydroxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a melt index of 1-50 g/10 minutes, and comprises a vinyl acetate content of 20-40 wt.%. The compatibilizer comprises a polyolefin main chain. The polyolefin main chain comprises 0.1-10 wt.% of a polar group, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene and/or polypropylene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains platinum, ruthenium, iridium, cobalt and/or iron, preferably 1-99 wt.% platinum and/or 1-99 wt.% ruthenium, and further contains carrier. The carrier is carbon, acetylene black and/or carbon nanotubes. The cathode is platinum catalyst. The anode is platinum-lithium alloy catalyst. Preferred Properties: The particle size of the catalyst is 10 nm or less. The carrier has specific surface area of 2000 m2/g or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cation exchange functional group is hydroxyl group, sulfonic acid group, carboxyl group, phosphoric acid group and/or benzene sulfonic acid group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer electrolyte membrane and binder have cation exchange functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The copolymer has number average molecular weight of 500-1000000 g/mol and molecular weight distribution of 1-100. Preferred Composition: The copolymer is a random copolymer of formula: -((A-B'-)l-(-A'-C')m)n-, -(A-B'-A'-C)n or -((A-B'-)l-(-A'-C')m-(D)o)n-. The structural unit of formulae (I)-(III) is preferably of formula (VI)-(VIII). The copolymer further contains structural unit (D) chosen from unit of formulae (IX)-(XXVII). The terminal group of copolymer is 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.l,m=more than 0 to less than 1;l+m=1;n=1-10000;A,A'=structural units (I), (II) or (III);B'=structural unit (IV);C'=structural unit (V);D=structural unit (IX)-(XXVII);o=0 to less than 1;l+m+o=1a=0-4;b=0-6;c=0-8;d,e=0-3;R'1=R1;R'2=R2;R'3=R3;R'4=R4;X7-X9=X1-X6;Y4-Y7=Y1-Y3;andR8-R11=R1.(i) The total content of the units (A), (A'), (B'), (C') and (D) is 50-100 mol%; and (ii) The sum total content of the structural unit (B') and structural unit (C') is 0-50 mol%. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X4,X6= S, O or Se;    R5,R6=hydroxy or optionally substituted alkoxy;and    R7=H or optionally substituted alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carbon nanotube is acidified carbon nanotube. Thiophene monomer is thiophene-3-ethanol. The solvent system is mix solvent of acetonitrile and chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The transparent conductive layer contains indium tin oxide. The quantum dot is II-VI group chalcogenide compound, I-III-VI group compound, IV-element quantum dot, lead selenide, lead telluride and lead sulfide. The II group element is cadmium or zinc. The VI group element is sulfur, selenium or tellurium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hole injection layer contains (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene))/(poly(styrene sulfonate)), molybdenum trioxide, nickel oxide and vanadium oxide. The electron donor is chosen from 12 compounds e.g. poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly(1,4-(2-methoxy-5-dimethyl octyloxy) phenylenevinylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) and 3-ammonium perfluorooctanoic acid. The ligand is chosen from 2-thiopheneacetic acid, 2-thiophene carboxylic acid and 2,5-thiophene dicarboxylic acid. The molar ratio of quantum dot and organic ligand is 1:0.5-1:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic carbon source is graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carbon source is sucrose, glucose or lignite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnesium source is magnesium acetate and magnesium nitrate. The lithium source is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate or lithium nitrate. The vanadium source is vanadium pentoxide, vanadium dioxide and ammonium metavanadate. The phosphorus source is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate or phosphoric acid. The inert gas is argon or nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is citric acid, glucose, sucrose and polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: materials capable of improving an insert molding bond between electrodes (306) and flow frames formed with the composition; and at least one of insert molding adhesion promoters, glass beads, talc, mica, coupling agents, stabilizing fillers, crystallinity promoters or anti-oxidants.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polypropylene has a melt flow index (MFI) of 25-60 g/10 minutes at 230 degrees C. The composition comprises: 65-90 wt.%, preferably 70 wt.% polypropylene; 5-15 wt.%, preferably 15 wt.% glass fiber; 0.5-7 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% coupling agent; and 3-15 wt.%, preferably 10 wt.% an elastomer. The final MFI of the composition is 30-60 g/10 minutes at 230 degrees C. The polypropylene is a single type of polypropylene or a blend of low MFI polypropylene and high MFI polypropylene. The materials capable of improving the insert molding bond include polypropylene with an MFI of 60-140 g/10 minutes at 230 degrees C, or polyolefin elastomers. The polypropylene MFI is 40 g/10 minutes at 230 degrees C. Preferred Method: The step of molding the pellets into the flow frame comprises injection molding the pellets to form the flow frame. In the method, the pre-formed pellets have a length of 2-8 mm, and a diameter of 4 mm. The step of extruding the composition occurs at a temperature of 200-260 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polyamic acid is prepared by polymerizing aromatic diamine of formula (IV) and aromatic dianhydride of formula (V) in presence of soluble polyaniline of formula (VI) as capping agent and aprotic polar solvent at 5-10 degrees C for 1-6 hours. The molar ratio of the aromatic diamine, aromatic dianhydride and soluble polyaniline is 0.7-0.95:1.0:0.6-0.1. Preferred Properties: The polyamic acid has viscosity is 0.6-3.5 dl/g. The soluble polyaniline has number average molecular weight of 1000-5000 Dalton. Preferred Definitions:    R1=residue of biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, diphenyl sulfide dianhydride residue or pyromellitic anhydride residue;and    R2=pyrimidine biphenyl diamine residue, triphenyl diether diamine residue or diphenyl ether diamine residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Concentration of H3PO4 is 1-5 mol/L, preferably 3-5 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Aldehyde solution is 0.5-10 wt.%, preferably 4-10 wt.% glutaraldehyde solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water is 1:(9-10). Mass ratio of polyethyleneimine and the mass ratio of H3PO4 is 1:(5-8). Mold is glass plate, polytetrafluoroethylene plate, or polyvinyl chloride plate. Preferred Process: Preparation of polyethyleneimine and polyvinyl alcohol fuel battery composite proton conducting film involves mixing 10 ml of polyvinyl alcohol solution and 10 ml of PEI-H3PO4 solution to dissolve, heating to 70-75 degrees C for 6-7 hours to obtain mixed coating liquid. Preparation of polyethyleneimine and polyvinyl alcohol fuel battery composite proton conducting film involves subjecting film to vacuum drying box at 120-150 degrees C and drying for 2-4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Polyester glue coating is melting casting sheet derived from extruder polyester slice, film from lengthwise stretching, or on-line coating process. Preferred Parameter: Thickness of polyester film is 150-250 mu m and thickness of polyester coating is 0.08-0.25 mu m. Polyester resin containing-25% water-soluble polyester emission has pH value of 7-10, grain diameter is 50-150 nm, hydroxyl value is less than or equal to 6 mg/g(KOH), viscosity of less than or equal to 1 dPa.s (25 degrees C), and elongation break of 300-1200%. Preferred Process: On-line coating process involves coating polyester glue on 2 upper surfaces of film, performing transverse stretching, drying, hot forming, cross-linking, and curing coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Dense layer is positioned on semiconductor layer side of 1st electrode. Dense layer is made of transparent resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electron-accepting high-molecular compound and electron-donating high-molecular compound have a repeating unit of formula (I) containing bivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or bivalent heterocyclic group. The repeating unit (I) contained in the high-molecular compounds has a thiophene structure.R1-R6=H or substituent;X1-X3=sulfur atom, oxygen atom, selenium atom, or group of formulae -N(R7)- (ii) or CR8=CR9- (iii);R7-R8=H or substituent;andn,m=0-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of electron-accepting high-molecular compounds and electron-donating high-molecular compound is 50000 or more and 10000 or more, respectively, with respect to the polystyrene conversion. Preferred Composition: The amount of electron-accepting compounds having largest weight average molecular weight in the active layer is 30-70 wt.% with respect to the polystyrene conversion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing gas is chosen from hydrogen gas, methane gas and carbon monoxide. The content of reducing gas with respect to total amount of the inert gas and the reducing gas is 1 vol.% or more. Preferred Process: The gaseous raw material is cooled by circulating the inert gas. Manufacture of composite catalyst further involves supporting the platinum particles and titanium oxide particles on electroconductive material in a gaseous phase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total concentration of platonic acid and titanium bis(isopropyloxy) bis(triethanolaminate) in the raw material solution is 15 wt.% or less. The content of water with respect to the total amount of alcohol and water is 95 vol.% or more. The alcohol is chosen from 1-propanol and 2-propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the baking temperature is 130 degrees C and the baking time is 6 hours. In the step (i), the sintering process is divided into two stages, the first stage is performed under nitrogen protection at 350 degrees C for 3 hours and the second stage is performed at 700 degrees C for 6-8 hours. Synthesizing of phenolic resin comprises adding 94.11 g solid phenol into a beaker, heating in a water bath to liquid at 42 degrees C, adding large amount of formaldehyde, stirring completely, using aqueous ammonia as catalyst, reacting at 60-85 degrees C in a water bath for 6-10 hours, adjusting pH to 6-7 using hydrochloric acid solution, reacting for 2-4 hours to obtain soluble phenolic resin, washing using distilled water for many times, cooling and drying in an oven. In the step (i), washing is performed using boiled distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The 1st catalyst is palladium acetate with molar amount of 10% of compound A, alkali solution is tributylamine (Bu3N) solution, molar ratio alkali solute Bu3N in alkali solution:compound (B) is 1:1, and 1st solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide. The 2nd second catalyst is tetra(triphenylphosphine) palladium, tris (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, or bis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium chloride with molar amount of 0.05-20% of compound (C), and 2nd solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, benzene, or toluene. Alkali is potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, potassium tert.-butoxide, sodium tert.-butoxide, or sodium carbonate with molar amount of 2-20 times of compound (E). Preferred Conditions: Suzuki coupling reaction temperature is 70-100 degrees C and time is 24-72 hours. Preferred Processes: Compound (A) is prepared by adding thionyl chloride in diamino nitrobenzene of formula (III), stirring, dropwise adding pyridine to thionyl chloride, refluxing at 85 degrees C to obtain benzothiadiazole derivative of formula (F), adding hydrobromic acid, refluxing at 127 degrees C for 30 minutes, dropwise adding liquid bromine, continuously refluxing to obtain brominated benzothiadiazole derivative of formula (G), adding N,N-dimethyl formamide solvent in the presence of copper catalyst, heating to 120 degrees C to react for 3 hours to obtain dibenzothiadiazole derivative of formula (H), adding tin(II) chloride (SnCl2) in the presence of tetrahydrofuran solvent, raising temperature to 100 degrees C, refluxing for 10 hours, and stopping reaction. Preferred Definitions:    n=40-60.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting-type electroconductive paste further comprises hydroxy group-containing oxetane compound. The oxetanyl group-containing polysilsequioxane is ((3-((3-ethyl- 3-oxetanyl)methoxy)propyl)silsesquioxane) derivative. The ester type of phthalate system glycidyl-ester-type epoxy resin is hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester. The cationic polymerization initiator is chosen from p-toluenesulfonic acid salt, antimony hexafluoride acid salt, hexafluorophosphoric-acid salt, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid salt and perfluorobutane sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Through-holes are formed on the sheet surface. Preferred Property: The volume resistance value of the backside sealing material sheet as measured based on JIS C6481 is 107 ( Omega ) or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali metal compound or alkaline-earth metal compound is potassium (K) compound or magnesium (Mg) compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Esterification is performed using greater than or equal to 2 esterification cans where the internal pressure is more than the normal pressure with polyester resin. P compound which has aromatic group is added to an esterification can different from the alkali metal compound and the alkaline-earth metal compound. Biaxial stretching is carried out. Hydrolysis test is performed by cutting polyester film to 1 cm x 1 cm piece and vacuum-drying at 130 degrees C for 12 hours, measuring 1 g, placing in 100 ml pure water, stirring for 6 hours in a closed system, heating at 130 degrees C and pressurizing. Carboxy terminal quantity is measured before and after hydrolysis processing. Preferred Parameters: Acid value is less than or equal to 5 eq/ton. Melting specific resistance is less than or equal to 0.5x 107 Omega .cm at 275 degrees C. HS Delta carboxy terminal quantity computed by the difference of carboxy terminal quantity before and after hydrolysis test is less than or equal to 10 eq/tons. Preferred Components: Reactive terminal blocker is carbodiimide compound which has a cyclic structure. Resin film base material is polyethylene terephthalate, mono layer film of poly(1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate), or laminated body of polyethylene terephthalate and poly(1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The decomposition temperature of the fatty acid amide is 400 degrees C or less. The number average molecular weight of the organic compound (II) is 300-1000000. Preferred Components: The fatty acid amide contains an amide group-containing compound of formula: R7CONH2 (III), R7CONH-R8-NHCOR7 (IV), R7NHCO-R8-CONHR7 (V), or R7CONH-R8-N(R9)2 (VI). The amide group-containing compound is chosen from stearamide, N,N'-methylene bisstearamide, and stearic acid dimethylaminopropylamide.R7,R9=1-30C alkyl or alkenyl;andR8=1-10C alkylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 0.1-30 %mass resin. Preferred Definitions:    R1=1-4C alkyl;    n=1-3;and    R4=H or 1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first and second lithium-metal oxide electrode sheets are selected from lithium titanium oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium magnesium oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and/or any other lithium salt with a desired voltage of 4.5 V.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The partially electrically conductive nanomaterial infused fibrous sheet is cellulosic paper; and partially electrically conductive nanomaterial is several carbon nanotubes. The separator is an electrolyte gel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermal activation material is a nitrogen-containing polymer which is soluble in an organic solvent, and does not swell in water. The nitrogen-containing polymer has a component derived from dione and amine, amide, imide, maleimide and/or imine. The aqueous adhesive agent comprises an olefin resin and/or an acrylic resin, dispersed or dissolved in water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The at least one element chosen from oxide, hydroxide, layered double hydroxide, phosphoric acid compound, and sulfated compound. The anion-conductive polymer is at least one chosen from aromatic group, halogen atom, carboxyl group, carboxylate group, hydroxyl group, amino group, ether group, and hydrocarbon. The battery structural member is at least one chosen from separator, positive electrode, negative electrode, and electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The (meth)acryl compound, polythiol compound, and/or polyene compound have an aromatic ring.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compounds: The polyene compound contains a polyallyl compound, preferably polyallyl ether compound, polyvinyl ether compound, and/or polyvinyl ester compound. The sum total of number-of-moles of (meth)acryl compound and number-of-moles of polyene compound is greater than or equal to the number-of-moles of polythiol compound. The number-of-moles of polythiol compound is greater than or equal to that of polyene compound. The molecular weight of (meth)acryl compound, polythiol compound, and polyene compound is 230-500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solvent extraction is done at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure. The elevated pressure is greater than 1600 psi. The elevated temperature is greater than 90 degrees C. The solvent extraction is at least a two stage solvent extraction, where each stage uses a different solvent and has at least 2 cycles. Preferred Components: The fluid or solvent is chloroform, acetone, hexanes chlorobenzene, xylenes, toluene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and/or tetrahydrofuran. The agent is diatomaceous earth, silica gel or sand. The fragmented solid samples have an average size of 1-500 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermoelectric conversion material further contains halogen-type solvent. Preferred Definitions:    m/n=1/99-99/1;    A,B'=copolymer units of formulae (II)-(V);    X11-X14=H;    R11-R14=monovalent substituent;    a1,c1=0-4;    b1=0-2;and    d1=0-6.    When a1,b1,c1 and d1 in the copolymer units (II)-(V) are 0, then the copolymer units (II)-(V) are copolymer unit (A); (ii) When a1 is 1-4, b1 is 1 or 2, c1 is 1-4 and d1 is 1-6, then the copolymer units (II)-(V) are copolymer unit (B); and (iii) The copolymer unit (A) has molecular weight lesser than the copolymer unit (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polystyrene nanobead has size of 50-400 nm. The spherical shaped pores have diameter of 150-200 nm. Preferred Method: The drying step of coated glass substrate is carried out at 150 degrees C for 12 hours. The heat-treating step is carried out for 1 hour. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The seal ring includes elastomer, and the pressure conduit includes fiber-reinforced polyvinyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier film further has base layer of carbon-containing polymer provided between base material and barrier layer, and smooth layer of carbon-containing polymer provided on barrier layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first channel electrical connector and the first protrusion electrical connector comprises materials selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyester, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride. The channel and the protrusion comprises materials selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, thermoplastic rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene propylene diene monomer, fluoroelastomers and thermoplastic vulcanizates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The seal member is constructed from a material comprising silicone or a thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler comprises inorganic filler having particle size of 1-99 nm and inorganic filler having particle size of 100 nm to 100 mu m. The inorganic filler having particle size of 1-99 nm or 100 nm to 100 mu m comprises inorganic particles chosen from silica, zinc oxide and zirconia. The inorganic filler having particle size of 1-99 nm and/or 100 nm to 100 mu m comprises aluminum nitride particles and/or metal oxide particles chosen from aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and titanium oxide which are formed into film using inorganic compound chosen from silica, zinc oxide and zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is an epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A coating layer contained in the active material comprises polymer having a sulfonic acid group, sulfonyl group, thiol group and/or sulfide group. The polymer is a monomer having vinyl group and/or styrene group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is preferably polyvinyl sulfonic acid sodium salt. Preferred Property: The negative electrode active material has particle size of 3-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The insulation layer comprises filler and resin binder. The positive electrode active material is activated charcoal. Preferred Property: The activated charcoal has BrunauerEmmettTeller specific surface area of 2600-4500 m2/g. The positive electrode active material layer has bulk density of 0.4-0.7 g/cm3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the polyolefin porous membrane is 5-35 mu m. The ratio of thickness of insulation porous film with respect to polyolefin porous membrane is 0.25-1. The hole diameter of polyolefin porous membrane is 0.01-0.1 mu m. The porosity of polyolefin porous membrane is 50-75%. The electrostatic capacitance of lithium ion capacitor is more than 100F. The lithium ion capacitor has negative electrode electric potential of 0-0.5 V and discharge of 100 mAh/g or more. Preferred Composition: The polyolefin porous membrane comprises polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate and back sheet are chosen from glass substrate, a polymer substrate, a plastic substrate, a stainless steel substrate, an aluminum substrate and a composite material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell sheets are chosen from single silicon solar cell sheets, polysilicon solar cell sheets, amorphous silicon solar cell sheets, potassium arsenide solar cell sheets, cadmium telluride solar cell sheets, copper indium selenium solar cell sheets, copper indium gallium selenium solar cell sheets and dye sensitized solar cell sheets.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fabrication method further involves encapsulating the solar cells using a side wall encapsulation material chosen form organic silicone gel and butyl rubber sealing strip.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The units are stacked with electrical connects made with bumps (48). In the energy generating device, each of the energy harvesting units comprises: a base region; an absorption region; many doped layers, where the doped layers are of opposite conductivity type to the absorption region, and a first electrode connected to the doped layers; and a second electrode electrically isolated from the tint electrode. The energy generating device is oriented such that radiation is incident on the daylight energy harvesting unit (20), such that any daylight energy is substantially absorbed in the daylight energy harvesting unit, and any infrared energy substantially passes through the daylight energy harvesting unit and is substantially absorbed in the infrared energy harvesting unit. The base region is a buffer layer, a substrate, a thinned out buffer layer and/or a thinned out substrate. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-based integrated circuit is embedded in or integrated into a flexible substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the catalyst comprises forming a ceramic rod, dipping the ceramic rod in a slurry for coating the buffer layer on the surface, heat-treating the buffer layer-coated rod, dipping the buffer layer-coated ceramic rod into a metal slurry to form a metal catalytic layer coating, and heat-treating the metal catalytic layer-coated rod. Preferred Components: The ceramic rod is made of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and their mixtures, and has circular or polygonal cross-section. The catalyst bunch further comprises: a cartridge arranged a side portion; a metal mesh or a metal felt equipped inside the cartridge; and a metal foam formed in an upper portion of the cartridge. A first metal ring and a second metal ring surround the reforming catalyst, where the first and second metal rings are made of metal felt or the metal mesh. Preferred Process: The first heat-treating process is performed at 150-300 degrees C for 30-180 minutes in a drying furnace, and the buffer layer-coated rod is sintered at 1000-1400 degrees C for 1-4 hours in an electric furnace. The second heat-treating process is performed at 150-300 degrees C for 30-180 minutes in the drying furnace, and the catalytic layer-coated rod is sintered at 450-900 degrees C for 1-4 hours in the electric furnace. A configuration element for the ceramic rod is contained in the slurry of the buffer layer and the metal catalytic layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal catalytic layer is made of an organic solvent including xylene, methanol and acetone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium aluminate, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium nickel manganese compound of formula (LiCo(0.2)Ni(0.56)Mn(0.27)O2), lithium cobalt oxide, lithium triflate, and lithium perchlorate. The anode active material is carbon-based material including amorphous carbon and carbon composite. The cathode active material is crystalline carbon. The cathode active material further comprises manganese spinel active material or lithium metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous organic solvent comprises cyclic carbonate solvent, linear carbonate solvent, ketone solvent, and ester solvent. The cyclic carbonate solvent comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate. The linear carbonate solvent includes dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate. The ester solvent includes methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, gamma - butyrolactone, gamma -valerolactone, gamma -caprolactone, sigma -valerolactone, and epsilon -caprolactone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver powder has average particle diameter of 0.3-7 mu m. The glass frit powder comprises lead oxide or bismuth oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low molecular weight additive has boiling point of 100-400 degrees C and is stearic acid, oleic acid, maleic acid, citric acid or hydrogenated castor oil. The content of low molecular weight additive in the composition is 0.1-5 wt.%. The organic binder comprises cellulose resin, acrylic resin, Butyl carbitol (RTM: Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether) and/or terpineol. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of 84 wt.% silver powder with average particle size of 3 mu m, 4 wt.% glass frit containing a bismuth oxide and having an average particle size of 2 mu m, 11.5 wt.% ethylcellulose and 0.5 wt.% stearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The thickness of first and second cathode layers is 20-80% of thickness of the cathode layer. The pore size of the cathode is 70-80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sacrificial metal comprises one of nickel, cobalt, iron, platinum, gold, silver, aluminum, chromium, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, rhodium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, lithium, and zirconium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general method for the preparation of new (I) is given. Preferred Components: The semi-conducting organic compound of type P is selected from polythiophenes, polycarbazoles and poly(arylene vinylene) (preferably polycarbazole). Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4 and R'1-R'4=H;    Ar=optionally substituted phenyl;    Alk=CH2 or C2H4;    Alk'=group of formula -CH2-CH(C10H21)-C12H25;    R and R'=CH2-phenyl (substituted at 4th position by -O-C12H25) or -CH2-4-methoxy phenyl.    Two groups among R1-R4, and R'1-R'4 are different from a hydrogen atom, and the others six groups are hydrogen atom.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 6 compounds as (I) are disclosed e.g. 2,9-bis-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone (IA); 4,11-dibromo-2,9-bis-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone; 2,9-bis-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-1,3,8,10-tetraoxo-1,2,3,8,9,10-hexahydro-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-4,11-dicarbonitrile; 4,11-bis-diethylamino-2,9-bis-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone; and 2,9-bis-(4-dodecyloxy-benzyl)-anthra(2,1,9-def;6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline-1,3,8,10-tetraone.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen storage material comprises boron-hydrogen-complex such as borohydride or borane, metal amide or ammoniate and/or metal hydride. The borohydride comprises lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, magnesium borohydride, beryllium borohydride, calcium borohydride, aluminum borohydride, titanium borohydride, zinc borohydride, manganese borohydride, ammonium borohydride, guanidinium borohydride, lithium-potassium borohydride, lithium-scandium borohydride, lithium-zirconium borohydride, lithium-zinc borohydride, sodium-potassium borohydride, sodium-scandium borohydride, sodium-zinc borohydride, lithium borohydride ammoniate, lithium borohydride diammoniate, magnesium borohydride di-ammoniate and/or magnesium borohydride hexa-ammoniate. The borane comprises ammonia borane, methyl amine borane, di-methylamine borane, tri-methylamine borane, hydrazine borane, hydrazine bisborane, ethane 1,2-di-amineborane, ammonia triborane, and/or ammonium octahydrotriborane. The metal amide or metal ammoniate comprises lithium amide-hydride, lithium amide, magnesium chloride ammoniate, lithium amide-magnesium hydride, lithium sodium amides, magnesium amide-lithium hydride, or their mixtures. The metal hydride comprises magnesium hydride, beryllium hydride, aluminum hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, magnesium alanate, beryllium alanate, calcium alanate, and/or titanium alanate lithium-magnesium hexa-alanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer comprises styrenic plastic, polyester, polyimide, polyamide, polyolefin, polyvinyl, acrylic, fluoropolymer, elastomer, rubber, or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermal-diffusion layer comprises an aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weather-proofing layer comprises hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The viscous conductive layer and conductive coupling layer are made of conductive copper foil adhesive tape, conductive aluminum foil adhesive tape and/or conductive silver paste. The positive electrode comprises flexible substrate and metal oxide deposited on the flexible substrate. The negative electrode contains transparent conductive oxide. The material of the flexible substrate is stainless steel, copper, titanium and/or aluminum. The metal oxide is chosen from zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide and boron-doped zinc oxide. The semiconductor material in the semiconductor material layer is copper-indium-gallium selenide, cadmium telluride, cadmium sulfide, amorphous silicon and/or microcrystalline silicon. The transparent conductive oxide is chosen from indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, chromium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide and aluminum oxide. Preferred Properties: The thickness of viscous conductive layer, conductive coupling layer and insulating layer is 40-60 mu m, 40-60 mu m and 50-100 mu m, respectively. The viscous conductive layer has width of 2-5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The support substrate is polymeric material chosen from polyethylene, polyimide, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate. The insulating layer is made of epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal portion is germanium (Ge), aluminum-copper (AlCu), Copper (Cu), gold (Au) or tin (Sn).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing sheet is made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as main component. The portion of rollers contacting the sheet is comprised with silicone or fluorine-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode layer is made of conductive polymer or metal chosen from silver, aluminum, nickel, copper, platinum, palladium, magnesium and rhodium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acceptor material is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The donor material is thiophene-containing polymer and its derivatives. The chitosan in the chitosan-containing organic material has average molecular weight of 5000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The inherent viscosity of the polyethylene terephthalate resin and polyethylene naphthalate resin is 0.55-0.65 dl/g and 0.60-0.70 dl/g, respectively. The total thickness of the polyester film is 50-250 mu m. The inherent viscosity of the composite film after the solid-state polymerization process is 0.65-0.75 dl/g. Preferred Composition: The usage amount of the polyethylene terephthalate resin and polyethylene naphthalate resin is 50-80 wt.% and 20-50 wt.%, respectively. Preferred Process: The manufacture of polyester film further involves using 10-30 wt.% inorganic particles chosen from titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium phosphate, silica, alumina, talc and kaolin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The pyrimidine derivative is of formula (I).R11,R13,R15=H, 1-20C alkyl, 3-20C cycloalkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, or 6-20C aryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The aromatic ester oligomer has hydroxyl value of 10 mg potassium hydroxide/g or less and number average molecular weight (Mn) of 600-2000. Preferred Composition: The both terminal of the aromatic ester oligomer is a monocarboxylic-acid residue. The monocarboxylic-acid residue is 2-3C aliphatic monocarboxylic-acid residue. The cellulose acylate film further contains a pymidine derivative having molecular weight/aromatic number ratio of 300 or less, and ultraviolet absorber. The content of aromatic ester oligomer and compound (I) contained with respect to cellulose acylate is 5-25 %mass and 0.5-20 %mass, respectively. The repeating unit derived from the aromatic dicarboxylic acid includes repeating unit derived from phthalic acid. Preferred Component: The optical film further has a glare-proof layer, a hard-coat layer or a pattern phase difference layer, on at least one surface of the cellulose acylate film. The pattern phase difference layer is formed in area (a) and area (b), and Re value of area (a) and Re value of area (b) are 30-250 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The solar cell further has a glass layer formed as protective layer on the electrode (b).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The n-type impurity is chosen from tin oxide, indium oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, zinc oxide-tin oxide, zinc oxide-indium oxide, indium oxide-tin oxide, cadmium oxide-tin oxide, cadmium oxide-indium oxide, gallium-indium oxide and/or cadmium-antimony oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material layer comprises polymer chosen from 23 compounds e.g. poly(styrene sulfonate), polyaniline, poly-diphenyl acetylene, poly(t-butyl)diphenyl-acetylene and poly-(trifluoromethyl)diphenyl acetylene. The impurity is p-type impurity or n-type impurity. The n-type impurity is chosen from 23 compounds e.g. copper phthalocyanine, poly(bis-trifluoromethyl)acetylene, poly-bis(T-butyl biphenyl)acetylene, poly(trimethyl silyl)diphenylacetylene and poly(carbazole).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide-copper composite optical electrode comprises 85-90 wt.% titanium dioxide, 0.05-2 wt.% copper, and 8-13 wt.% nitrogen. The conductive material coating layer comprises indium-tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide, zinc oxide-aluminum oxide, or tin dioxide-antimony oxide. The metal layer includes platinum, graphene and carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dyes are chosen from N3 dye, N719 dye, N749 dye and N886 dye. The transparent substrate comprises conductive material coating layer and metal layer. The electrolyte includes lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, iodine, tetra-alkyl ammonium iodide or imidazolium derivative iodide. The nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide-copper composite optical electrode includes nitrogen precursor. The nitrogen precursor is hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium. Preferred Process: The manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cell involves forming nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide-copper composite optical electrode using mixed solution comprising 90-95 wt.% solvent chosen from water, methanol and ethanol, 0.5-1 wt.% acid chosen from nitric acid and acetic acid, ultrasonicating obtained mixture, adding 85-90 pts. wt. terpineol and 10-15 pts. wt. ethyl cellulose to obtained mixture, forming paste and coating to transparent substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is plastic substrate comprising polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, or polyimide, or glass substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The concentrating lens is fabricated from at least one radiation transmitting material chosen from poly(methyl methacrylate), polymer, and silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer has vinyl acetate content of 26-33%. EXAMPLE - 100 pts. wt. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with vinyl acetate content of 28wt.% and melt flow rate of 15 g/10 minutes, 1 pts. wt. Luperox 101 (RTM: 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane), 0.8 pts. wt. triallyl isocyanurate, 0.1 pts. wt. Chimassorb 81 (2-Hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone), 0.1 pts. wt. Tinuvin 770 DF (RTM: Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate) were mixed and extruded at less than 110 degrees C to obtain a sheet with thickness of 500 mu m. 0.1 pts. wt. Copper doped zinc sulfide was dispersed in 1:1 methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate, coated on the prepared sheet and then dried for 30 seconds at 80 degrees C to obtain the encapsulation sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The exhaust nozzle is made of steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nozzle seal mounting nut is made of nylon, polypropylene, polycarbonate or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The O-ring is made of ethylene propylene diene monomer, fluoroelastomer, silicone, fluorosilicone or perfluoroelastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode comprises active material containing compound chosen from nickel, cobalt and manganese. The negative electrode comprises lithium titanate or composite carbon material as active material. Preferred Properties: The positive electrode electric potential of battery is more than 4.25 V. The resistance-increase rate of non-aqueous secondary battery is calculated using ratio of (resistance after charging to the positive electrode electric potential 5V)/(resistance after charging to the positive electrode electric potential 4.1V).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution further comprises compound chosen from aromatic compound, nitrile compound, halogen-substituted carbonate compound, phosphorus-containing compound, sulfur-containing compound, silicon-containing compound or polymeric compound. The content of nitrogen compound of electrolyte solution is 0.001-10 %mass. The additive is of formulae (I)-(VI). Preferred Definitions:    L11=1-3C alkylene;    X1=alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, acyloxy, cyano, sulfonyl-containing group or halo-substituted alkyl group;and    L12+N=ring of formulae (i)-(ix).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second layer of the cover comprises structural strengthening fibers. The fibers are selected from one or more of polybenzimidazole, polyphenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole, modacrylic p-aramid, m-aramid, polyvinyl halide, wool, fire-resistant polyester, fire-resistant nylon, fire-resistant rayon, melamine, and cotton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sacrificial layer is made of titanium nitride, tantalum nitride, aluminum nitride, tungsten nitride, nickel oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, plumbum zirconate-titanate, bacillus thursidius oxide and lithium manganese oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrospinning solution comprises 5-25 pts. wt. of polymer resin, 5-35 pts. wt. of titanium dioxide precursor, 5-35 pts. wt. of pore-forming material and 100 pts. wt. of organic solvent, where the titanium dioxide precursor is titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium tetrachloride, titanium trichloride, titanium-n-butoxide, titanium ethoxide or titanium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fiber is radiated with the voltage of 15-25 kV, heated in air or oxygen atmosphere using an infrared lamp with the wavelength of 0.78-1.4 mu m, and plasticized at 300-1000 degrees C for 10 minutes to 24 hours. The composition comprises 5-50 pts. wt. of titanium dioxide nanofiber, 15-50 pts. wt. of paste-type substance 60-10 wt.% of binder and 40-90 wt.% of organic solvent, where the organic solvent is nitric acid, ethanol, acetyl acetone, terpineol or butylcarbitol, the binder is polyethylene glycol, methyl cellulose, ethylcellulose or propyl cellulose. The composition further includes 0.01-5 pts. wt. of surfactant, and 0.1-30 pts. wt. of dilute acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymers resin is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, PVC, polyvinylfluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polypropylene or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting methyl-(6-methyl-4,8-bis(2-thienyl)thieno(2,3-f)benzothiophen-2-yl)argon compound of formula (II) and aryl compound of formula (Y1-Ar1-Y1) (III) in the presence of 0.1-10 wt.% of catalyst including tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium(0), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane dichloronickel(II), palladium chloride and palladium acetate and solvent including tetrahydrofuran, toluene or chlorobenzene under inert gas protection at 10 degrees C, and carrying out polymerization process for 30 minutes to 72 hours, preferably 1- 60 hours and Grignard substitution reaction with aromatic hydrocarbon dihalide and magnesium dihalide.R = halo, straight or branched 1-30C-alkyl, alkoxy, S, aralkyl, or heteroalkyl, provided that when Y1 is boronic acid, boronic ester, zinc halide, or trialkyl tin, then X1a is halo comprising I, Br or Cl. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1 = divalent group of formulae (a1-a27); and    X = N, O, S, Si, Se, P or Ge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is silica nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is a solution of 1-5 g/ml hydroxyalkyl methacrylate ethylene glycol solution. The hydroxyalkyl methacrylate includes hydroxymethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate. The polymer electrolyte further comprises anhydrous ethanol. The molar ratio of plasticizer and anhydrous ethanol is 0.002-0.1 g/ml. Preferred Process: During preparation of polymer electrolyte, the plasticizer is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol, and then mixture (A) and organic solvent (B) are added.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is glycerol and its derivative e.g. sodium glycerate. The dispersing agent is ascorbic acid and its derivative e.g. sodium ascorbate. The catalyst is lactic acid and its derivative e.g. sodium lactate. The mass ratio of lactic acid, glycerol and ascorbic acid is 5:1:1. Preferred Process: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)- polystyrene sulfonate is dissolved in ethanol solvent, stirred for 15 minutes, 1 vol.% additive is added to obtained solution, and stirred for 24 hours to obtain spin-coating solution for preparing organic solar cell. Etching solution is dropped to indium-tin oxide glass and spin coating is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer has more composition of glass in resin base material side than composition of metal particles. The composition of glass is less than composition of metal particles in metal layer side. The glass transition point of glass is 600 degrees C or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal layer comprises metal having melting point of 420 degrees C or more, and atomic number of 12 or more, transition metal and/or their or alloy. The metal layer comprises 90% or more metal particles with ratio of maximal width with respect to minimum thickness of 2 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin base material is glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin. Preferred Process: The metal layer is formed, and heated at temperature less than allowable temperature limit of resin base material. The speed of gas flow in process of forming intermediate layer in metal layer side is larger than resin base material side. The amount of powder supply of metal particles in process of forming the intermediate layer is more in metal layer side than resin base material side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The inorganic fluorescent substance has refractive index of 1.5-1.8. Preferred Composition: The inorganic fluorescent substance (A) is phosphate-based fluorescent substance. The inorganic fluorescent substance comprises element of strontium, barium, calcium, magnesium, manganese and/or europium and/or element of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and/or phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic coating layer further contains silicon oxide and/or zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic silane compound contains 6-10C alkyl group and alkoxy silyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Alternatively, the protection sheet is obtained by mixing polyester resin and masterbatch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of carbon black is 0.1-3 mu m. Preferred Composition: The usage amount of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is 1.3-3.5 with respect to total content of polyester composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of terminal carboxyl groups of polyester composition is 15 eq/t. The polyester composition comprises 0.025-1.5 mol% structural components comprising three or more carboxylic acid group and/or hydroxyl groups with respect to total structural components of polyester composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The walls of building are constructed from metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back plate and a shallow tray for enabling frame walls to support the glazing material are formed from polymeric material. The walls of building are constructed from plastic or polymeric material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is a dicarboxylic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and taurine. The sulfonic acid comprises polymer. The carboxylic acid comprises acetic acid, ethanoic acid, propionic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, methoxyacetic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, benzoic acid, vinylbenzoic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, a perylene dicarboxylic acid and a nitrobenzoic acid. The polymer comprises carboxylic acids. The pendant amines are: primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines and quaternary amines; diamines or amidines; substituted with one, two or three alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic or alkoxy groups; and acyclic. Preferred Method: The pendant amines is attached to the polysiloxane via an alkyl chain optionally substituted with one or more alkyl, haloalkyl, halide, aryl or aralkyl groups. The method further comprises irradiating the composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fuel cell assembly additionally comprises a layer of adhesive applied on the second surface of the catalyst coated membrane and on the adhesive side of the plastic film in the vicinity of the inner edge of the plastic film frame. The solid polymer membrane electrolyte is absent catalyst coating on the first surface in the vicinity of the inner edge of the plastic film frame and the inner edge of the plastic film frame is laminated directly to the solid polymer membrane electrolyte. The seal for sealing an oxidant flow field plate to a fuel flow field plate at an edge seal location is an elastomeric seal. The elastomer is silicone. The plastic film frame is coated on both sides with adhesive and the seal at the edge seal location is a laminated, non-elastomeric seal. The plastic film frame comprises polyethylene naphthalate. The adhesive is a heat activated adhesive. The gas diffusion layer facing the second surface of the catalyst coated membrane extends beyond the edge of the catalyst coated membrane and is also laminated to the adhesive side of the plastic film frame between the inner edge and the outer edge. The cathode and anode gas diffusion layers extend to the edge of the catalyst coated membrane and the plastic film frame between the inner edge and the outer edge is laminated to the sealing features of the transition region. When the solid polymer membrane electrolyte is absent cathode catalyst coating in the vicinity of the inner edge of the plastic film frame, the method involves laminating the inner edge of the plastic film frame directly to the solid polymer membrane electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrolyte includes polymer e.g. poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and ethylene oxide polymer (POE) and lithium salt e.g. lithium trifluoromethyl sulfonyl amide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first and second electrode comprises organic material, polymer, metal, transparent conductive metal-oxide, graphene, metal nanorods, metal particles, metal oxide particles and/or carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The interlayer comprises polyethylenimine (PEI). The rinsing fluid is chlorobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second electrode comprises conducting polymer comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The photoactive layer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C60 bis-Adduct (P3HT:ICBA). The substrate comprises cellulose nanocrystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The high-temperature-resistant, fiber-forming polymer is selected from polyester, polyimide, aramid, and polyethersulfone. The further polymer is selected from polyolefins, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene-polypropylene co-polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plate is partially configured from a material, which is selected from the group of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polycarbonate, and polyurethane. The intended portion of the plate is formed from a plastic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder utilized for forming the solid electrolyte layer is polyvinyl butyral and/or ethyl cellulose. The organic material containing rate of anode support layer is 10 %mass or less. The green sheet further has reaction suppression layer containing cerium oxide and/or binder equipped on the solid electrolyte layer. Preferred Property: The anode support layer is single layer structure having average thickness of 100-1500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Numbers of full duplex bonding of base resin for intermediate layer are 0.5-4 and of base resin for outermost layer are 0-1. Preferred Components: Composition for intermediate layer and/or composition for outermost layer contain crosslinking agent and silane modification polyethylene-type resin formed by graft-polymerizing an ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as a side chain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The lithium-nickel oxide and lithium-manganese oxide have average particle size of 5-25 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of lithium-nickel oxide and lithium-manganese oxide is 100 pts. wt. and 25-100 pts. wt., respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is distilled water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and/or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred composition: The dispersing agent is polycarboxylic acid soda salt, polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt or polycarboxylic acid amine salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The non-aqueous electrolyte used during the pouring process contains cyclic carbonate as nonaqueous solvent. The carboxymethylcellulose is used as a thickener contained in the negative electrode. A lithium-transition metal composite oxide is used as positive electrode active material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive film further comprises a bonding layer arranged on the metal nano wire layer. The binder is a macromolecular binder including acryl group, urethane, epoxy group, urethane acrylate, silicon and/or thiophene binder. The metal nano wire comprises silver, gold, platinum or copper nanowire. Preferred Method: The method further comprises synthesizing the metal nano wire by adding metal precursor, polyol solvent, dispersing agent and metallic catalyst, carrying out microwave irradiation for 60-180 seconds, coating the film on the substrate by micro gravure coating, slot die coating, slit-die coating, dip-coating, spray coating, spin coating, knife coating or roll coating and then post-annealing, and adding distilled water with the polyol solvent and then centrifuging to form an ultrasonic dispersed sol containing organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyether sulfonate, polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion is calcium ion (Ca2+) or sodium ion (Na+).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises 2 pts. wt. crosslinking agent, 0.01-3 pts. wt. silane compound, UV-absorbing agent, and photostabilizer. Preferred Components: The metal ion scavenger is crown ether of formulae (I)-(III), preferably 15-crown-5 ether or 18-crown-6 ether.A = O, S, Se or NH. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymer is filled with filler chosen from glass fiber, carbon fiber, rock flour, and mineral fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, polyamide both in amorphous and partially-crystalline form, and/or their copolymers. The integrated bipolar plate consists of polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, and/or their copolymers, polyamide, thermoplastic elastomer, as well as conductive carbon, such as soot, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The zone includes copper, silver or an alloy containing copper or of silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fibers are made of polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, monolithium monocarbon trifluorosulfite, lithium chloride, lithium iodide, lithium bromide, lithium nitride compounds and their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is present in an amount of 0.1-10 wt.%. The electrolyte further comprises a sultone compound of formula (I), organic solvent, and lithium salt. The sultone compound includes 1,3-propane sultone, propene sultone and their mixtures, and is present in an amount of 0.1-10 wt.%. A weight ratio of alpha-phenyl-alpha-butyrolactone and the sultone compound is 1:30-2:1. The organic solvent comprises ester solvent, ketone solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, alkoxyalkane solvent, carbonate solvent and their mixtures. The organic solvent has an organic solvent with high dielectric constant, and a low viscosity organic solvent present in a volume ratio of 8:2-2:8. The organic solvent with high dielectric constant comprises ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate and their mixtures. The low viscosity organic solvent comprises methylethylcarbonate, dimethylcarbonate, diethylcarbonate and their mixtures. A volume ratio of methylethylcarbonate, dimethylcarbonate and diethylcarbonate is 5:1:1-2:5:3.X = 1-10C-alkylene, 2-10C-alkenediyl (both optionally substituted) or single bond; andR1-R4 = 1-10C-alkyl, 3-30C-cycloalkyl, 1-10C-alkoxy, 1-10C-haloalkyl, 6-30C-aryl, H and/or halo. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hole injection layer contains carbon nanotubes, nanosilver wire, silver powder, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The sea island yarn-based organic solar cell further comprises quantum dot material containing cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, copper indium sulfide, copper indium selenide, indium phosphide, copper sulfide, copper indium gallium sulfide and copper gallium selenide. The electron injection material contained in the electron injecting filament contains silver, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, lithium and cesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole injection filament comprises filament base layer, hole-injection layer and hole-transport layer. Preferred Composition: The electron donor is chosen from 18 compounds e.g. poly(3-hexylthiophene), polysiloxane carbazole, polyaniline, polycarbazole and polyethylene oxide. The electron receptor is (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, cadmium selenide nanoparticle, carbon nanotubes, polybenzimidazole and/or 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The barrier film comprises 16 compounds e.g. polycarbonate, polyethersulphone, polyetherimide, polyethyeleneterepthalate bad polyethyelenen naphthalate. The filament base layer contains polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polypropylene, poly cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate glycol, polyphenylenesulfide, polyacrylate, polyimide, cellulose acetate propionate and/or triacetyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The unit for holding is adapted to hold the first layer inclined and more preferably vertically. The system further comprises a reservoir for containing and or supply for fluid encapsulant. The first layer is a glass substrate or back sheet with or without integrated electronic active devices such as solar cells. The unit for holding comprises a holding wall or frame with suction unit or a wall or frame with electro static attraction unit. Reservoir is a trough with side walls and the blade on one side and the reservoir is tiltable. The reservoir includes a heater or insulation unit. The system also comprises unit for relative motion between the first layer and the blade. It further comprises unit for holding the first layer stationary relative to the holding wall or frame. The first layer is a glass substrate or a polymer sheet with or without integrated electronic active devices such as solar cells. The active elements are solar cells or the first layer is a glass substrate or a back sheet or the encapsulant of the second outer layer is a foil. Preferred Process: Laminating solar module having first outer layer further involves placing active elements on the encapsulant coating; placing a second outer layer with encapsulant on the active elements to form a lay-up; and laminating the lay-up to form a solar module. Coating is made by relative motion between the first outer layer and the blade, and optionally the first outer layer is held stationary. The method further involves tilting the reservoir during the application of the coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The suspended particles comprise silicone oil, sodium borohydride, ammonium borohydride or sodium metaborate. The hydrophilic air-permeable material is mineral wool. The organic acid is citric acid. The absorber is a porous granulate, which is distributed in the hydrophilic, air-permeable material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydrogen purification device further comprises a humidifier comprising a second container with the second inlet and a second outlet. The second inlet of the second container is connected to the first outlet of the first container. A porous material is arranged in the second container. The water is stored in the porous material for humidifying the hydrogen gas, when the hydrogen gas is pumped from the first container through the second container. The porous material comprises sponge, mineral wool or zeolite. The fuel cell arrangement further comprises a hydrogen generating device for generating hydrogen. A third outlet of the hydrogen generating device is connected to the first inlet of the first container. The method comprises (i) introducing the hydrogen gas, which is discharged from the separator in a humidifier, and generating the hydrogen-containing aerosol through a transferable hydrogen reactor, and introducing the humidified hydrogen gas in the fuel cell for generating electrical energy, where the porous material is arranged in the humidifier. The water is stored in the porous material for humidifying the hydrogen gas, when the hydrogen gas is pumped from the separator through the humidifier. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is bisphenol A phosphite or triphenyl phosphate. The hydroxide flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide flame retardant, the synergistic flame retardant is organosilicone flame retardant, and the coupling agent is titanate coupling agent or silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickness of the PET base material film is 15-30 mu m and the thickness of the modified EVA/POE film is 5-10 mu m. The flame retardant EVA particle is made of EVA particle and flame retardant EVA masterbatch of mass ratio 1-2:10, and is prepared by kneading EVA particles in twin-screw extruder, extruding and granulating. The flame retardant EVA masterbatch is made of hydroxide flame retardant and synergistic flame retardant of ratio 5-8:1, and is prepared by drying in an oven for 0.5-1.5 hours at 70-90 degrees C, conveying into a mixer, adding 0.5-2%, coupling agent, modifying and processing, kneading at 80-120 degrees C for 0.5-1.5 hours, kneading with EVA particles via twin-screw extruder, extruding and granulating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The IR rubber is natural synthetic glue. The SEPS is thermoplastic rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is a platinum complex catalyst. The catalyst inhibitor is 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol or 1-ethynyl cyclohexanol. The tackifier is gamma -(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxysilane and/or gamma -methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The vinyl terminated polysiloxane has viscosity of 6000-140000 mPa.second. The silicone oil has viscosity of 25-3500 mPa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The reflector is coated with silicon dioxide (SiO2), magnesium fluorine (MgF) or aluminum oxide (Al2O3) film layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The seal element is connected with a sheet-shaped silicon rubber piece (5). The reflector substrate is made of plastic or glass steel material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, t-butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, N, N-dimethyl formamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, acetonitrile, and six-carbon ring. The organic resin is saturated polyester, polyether polyurethane and polyester polyurethane. The crosslinking agent is aromatic or aliphatic polyisocyanate closed. The diluent is diethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol, amyl acetate, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and mixed solvent of high boiling point aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, butyl carbitol acetate and butyl carbitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The permanganate is sodium permanganate, potassium permanganate or magnesium permanganate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator is ammonium sulfate, potassium persulfate or sodium persulfate. Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler comprises barium sulfate and nano-silica aerogel at a ratio of 1:1-9:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsifier is sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfonate. The heat-resistant resin is toughened epoxy resin or bismaleimide. Preferred Process: The poly(methyl methacrylate-styrene-vinyl acetate) is prepared by dissolving 1-3 mass% emulsifier in 58-72 mass% deionized water to obtain mixture, followed by adding 30-40 wt.% methyl methacrylate, styrene and vinyl acetate and mixing at 55-65 degrees C, adding 0.2-0.4 mass% initiator and mixing at a speed of 600 rpm for 5-9 hours to obtain emulsion, pouring the emulsion into 2-5 mass% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain mixture, filtering the mixture, washing precipitate with deionized water, drying the precipitate in vacuum at 50-65 degrees C for 24-48 hours to obtain poly(methyl methacrylate-styrene-vinyl acetate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is palladium catalyst (Pd2(dba)3, Pd(PPh3)4 or Pd(PPh3)2Cl2). The solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, benzene and toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A bromine-containing thiophene compound of formula (A) and tin compound of formula (B) are reacted in molar ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1 in inert gas atmosphere in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst at 50-120 degrees C for 6-100 hours, and purified to produce benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-thiophene pyrrole-(benzothiadiazole) copolymer.R6=6-16C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode active material comprises lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, lithium or nickel, cobalt and manganese. The negative electrode active material comprises graphite, silicon carbon negative, graphene, soft carbon and hard carbon. The conductive agent comprises acetylene black, Super P (RTM: Conductive carbon blacks), carbon nanotubes and graphene. The alginate is sodium alginate and/or potassium alginate. The lithium salt is at least one chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and ithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide. The plasticizer is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate. The positive electrode current collector is aluminum foil, nickel foil, nickel or stainless steel. The negative electrode current collector is copper foil, nickel foil, nickel or stainless steel. Preferred Method: The positive electrode paste is coated on positive electrode collector to a thickness of 50-200 mu m. The negative electrode paste is coated on negative electrode collector to a thickness of 20-100 mu m. The drying is performed using oven at 80-10 degrees C for 6-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution. The molar ratio of alkali solution and compound (II) is 20:1-50:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The thiophene-containing polymer is prepared by mixing carbazole derivative of formula (II) and 2-bromothiophene derivative of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2, with catalyst, organic solvent and alkali solution and performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 70-130 degrees C for 12-96 hours. The catalyst is organic palladium or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand. Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine or tri-o-tolylphosphine-2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. Preferred Condition: The Suzuki coupling reaction is carried out at 90-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Process: Methanol is added to the reaction product obtained after performing the Suzuki coupling reaction, filtered and the resultant filtrate is washed with methanol and normal hexane. The resultant solid material is extracted using chloroform, evaporated to remove solvent and purified, to obtain thiophene-containing polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): In an inert gas atmosphere, a dibromo-dithia-tetraaza-silapentacyclo-nonadeca-octaene derivative of formula (II) and a tributyl(2-(tributylstannyl)selenopheno(3,2-b)thiophen-5-yl)stannane derivative of formula (III) in a molar ratio of 1:1.5-1.5:1 are dissolved in a solvent. A catalyst is added and Stille coupling reaction is carried out for 6-100 hours at 50-120 degrees C. The reaction product is separated and purified to obtain copolymer (I). Preferred Method: The separation-and-purification process involves adding deionized water and toluene to Stille coupling reaction liquid, decompression-distilling to extract organic phase concentrate, dripping the concentrate in anhydrous ethanol, separating out precipitated solid, filtering, drying to obtain a solid powder, dissolving the solid powder in chloroform, processing using neutral alumina chromatographic column with toluene as eluent, precipitating using methanol, filtering, extracting the obtained solid with acetone in Soxhlet extractor for 3 days, precipitating using methanol, and vacuum-filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The thin film solar energy battery is a poly-silicon thin film solar energy battery or amorphous silicon thin film solar energy battery or copper indium gallium selenide film solar energy battery or dye-sensitized thin film solar energy battery or gallium arsenide film solar energy battery or cadmium telluride thin film solar energy battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The boiling point of the solvent is 190 degrees C or more. The silicon dioxide particles are hydrophilic. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises silicon-based, acryl-based or fluorine-based surfactant. EXAMPLE - Components comprising 31.8 wt.% novolac resins, 8.2 wt.% silicon dioxide particles, 59.9 wt.% solvent and 0.1 wt.% surfactant were added and mixed to obtain etching mask composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The outer conduit is made from copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner conduit is made from one of rubber material, sponge material, foam material, closed cell material, silicone rubber material, silicone sponge material, closed cell sponge rubber material, closed cell sponge silicone material and closed cell foam material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The support substrate consists of a glass layer and an encapsulant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The solar cells are silicon-based solar cells. Preferred Property: The horizontal spacing contained in the solar cell array has a width of 0.5-20 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is chosen from 64 compounds e.g. anthracite, sodium antimonate, antimony pentoxide, polyimide, and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The conductive seed layer is made from copper, copper alloys, nickel, or nickel alloys. The metal or metal alloy is copper or copper alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plating resist contains acrylates and filler. The acrylates are chosen from ethylene/ethylacrylate copolymer, ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene/butylacrylate copolymer, polymethylpentene, and polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyimide resin composition has light transmittance of 60% or more at thickness of 50 mu m and wavelength of 400 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The support material has a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area of greater than 50 m2/g. The electrical conductivity exceeds the values of 0.02 S/cm. Preferred Method: In the support material, a sol-gel method is applied to achieve a single-phase formation and microstructure control of the desired powders at reduced temperatures as compared to other procedures for oxide mixing and calcination.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is: present in its highest stable oxidation state; and stannic oxide and the lower valence element is bismuth together forming a doped bismuth-stannic oxide compound. The metal oxide doped with the lower valence element provides adequate electrical conductivity in relation to the desired electrochemical application. The metal or transition metal oxides are cerium oxide, tin oxide, titanium dioxide, hafnium oxide, lead dioxide, germanium dioxide and silicon dioxide. The lower valence element is scandium(III) oxide, yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, bismuth(III) oxide, samarium oxide, gadolinium(III) oxide, terbium oxide, holmium oxide, thulium oxide, lutetium oxide, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, neodymium oxide, ytterbium oxide, erbium(III) oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, or cadmium oxide, where selection is made under the pre-requisite of the lower oxidation state as compared to the metal or transition metal oxide. Preferred Method: The metal or transition metal oxide and the lower valence element or its oxide respectively are prepared by a wet chemistry synthesis and hardened under calcination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive particles are metal particles, or preferably, the conductive particles are selected from particles of Au, Ag, Ni, Cu, Al, Sn, Zn, Ti, Sn, Bi, W, Pb, and its alloys, or especially Cu, Ag, Ni, and its alloys, or particularly Ag particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ethylene/alkyi (meth)acrylate copolymer elastomer is selected form ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The solar cell is wafer-based solar cell and/or thin film solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive particles are metal particles and/or non-metal particles. The metal particles are silver, gold, nickel, copper, aluminum, tin, zinc, titanium, bismuth, tungsten, lead and/or its alloys. The content of conductive particles is 40-85 wt.%, preferably 45-83 wt.% with respect to total weight of adhesive composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The elastomer matrix comprises at least one vinylidene fluoride-containing fluoroelastomer which is crosslinked with crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent is bisphenol compound, diamino compound, aminophenol compound, amino-siloxane compound, amino-silane, phenol-silane and/or peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The at least one vinylidene fluoride-containing fluoroelastomer is vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer. The elastomer matrix further contains 65 wt.% or more ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer elastomers with respect to total weight of the elastomer matrix. The ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer elastomer comprises 40-90 wt.% polymerized units of ethylene, preferably 50-75 wt.% with respect to total weight of ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer elastomer. The ethylene/alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer elastomer is ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymer and/or ethylene/butyl acrylate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium and/or sodium salts used is a lithium or sodium salt of trifluoromethanesulfonyl (LiCF3SO3, NaCF3SO3), chlorate(VII) (LiClO4 or NaClO4), tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4, NaBF4), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaN(CF3SO2)2, LiN(CF3SO2)2), bis(pentafluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaN(CF3CF2SO2)2, LiN(CF3CF2SO2)2), hexafluorophosphate(V) (NaPF6, LiPF6), bis(oxalate)borate (NaB(C2O4)2, LiB(C2O4)2), difluoro(oxalate)borate (NaBF2(C2O4), LiBF2(C2O4)) tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate(V) (NaPF3(C2F5)3, LiPF3(C2F5)3), 4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole (NaTDI, LiTDI) or 4,5-dicyano-2-(pentafluoroethyl)imidazole (NaPDI, LiPDI). EXAMPLE - A mixture comprising propylene carbonate (PC) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether 350 (PEGME 350) in a mass ratio of 95:5 (where the melting point of PC was -49 degrees C, and melting point of PEGME 350 was above -20 degrees C) was prepared. The mixture had a glass transition temperature of -110 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The corner connector is made from aluminum material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bag is made of material that consists of polyolefin. The holding device is manufactured from material that consists of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The frame is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymerization process is carried out using ethylene monomer, aromatic vinyl compound monomer and aromatic polyene, ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer and an aromatic vinyl compound monomer. The mass ratio of ethylene aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer unit in the cross copolymer obtained by anion polymerization process is 75-90 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass frit is a lead glass frit. The glass frit further includes at least one element consisting of lead, silicon, boron, zinc, tin, fluorine, lithium, titanium, tellurium, silver, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, germanium, gallium, indium, nickel, calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, selenium, molybdenum, tungsten, yttrium, arsenic, lanthanum, neodymium, cobalt, gadolinium, europium, holmium, ytterbium, lutetium, bismuth, tantalum, vanadium, zirconium, manganese, phosphorus, copper, cerium and/or niobium. The filler includes an alloy or metal oxide, and the conductor includes a metal, a non-metal, or an alloy which is electric conductive. A material of the filler includes aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, zinc oxide, and/or cupric oxide, and the conductor includes silver or copper. The additive is zirconium dioxide, vanadium(V) oxide, silver oxide, erbium oxide powder, tin(II) oxide, magnesium oxide, neodymium(III) oxide, titanium dioxide, selenium dioxide, lead(II) oxide, chromium(III) oxide, potassium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganese dioxide, nickel(II) oxide, samarium oxide, germanium dioxide, zinc fluoride, indium(III) oxide, and/or gallium oxide. The filler has an average grain size of 0.1-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive paste further comprises an organic vehicle, a dispersing agent, and at least one additive. The organic vehicle includes diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethyl cellulose or hydrogenated castor oil. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of 94.4 wt.% of silver, 1.1 wt.% of aluminum oxide, and 4.5 wt.% of glass frit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Film maintains elongation at break in greater than or equal to 1 direction of 10-100% after heat-treating at 200 degrees C for 72 hours. Film maintains elongation at break in greater than or equal to 1 direction of 10-100% after treating at 125 degrees C and 100% RH for 72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Photoinitiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone and/or bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide. Additive is dispersant, leveler and/or defoamer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Oligomer is epoxy acrylate, polyurethane acrylate, polyester acrylate and/or polyether acrylate. Fluorinated acrylate monomer is trifluoroethyl methacrylate, trifluoroethyl methacrylate, hexafluorobutyl acrylate and/or dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate ester. Acrylic ester reactive monomer is tripropylene glycol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate and/or pentaerythritol triacrylate. Preferred Composition: Light-curable fluorine-containing coating comprises 20-60 pts. wt. oligomer, 30-75 pts. wt. reactive diluent, 0.1-5 pts. wt. photoinitiator, 10 pts. wt. solvent and 10 pts. wt. additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by dissolving fluorine derivative of formula (II), carbazole derivative of formula (III) and catalyst at a mol ratio of 1:1:0.005-0.05 in sodium carbonate aqueous solution, adding toluene as solvent, reacting at 60-l00 degrees C for 24-72 hours, separating and purifying. Preferred Method: Separation and preparation is carried out by adding toluene or chloroform, and deionized water in reaction system, taking organic phase, vacuum distilling, evaporating to 5-15 ml, dropping organic phase to anhydrous methanol, continuously stirring, gradually precipitating, filtering and drying to obtain solid powder, dissolving in chloroform, removing catalyst using neutral aluminum oxide chromatographic column, and spin drying. Separating and purifying compound (II) is carried out by washing with saturated sodium chloride solution, extracting using chloroform or toluene solvent, or using anhydrous sodium sulfate, drying over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtering, rotationally evaporating to obtain crude product, leaching using dichloromethane as leaching liquid, and separating using silica gel chromatographic column. Separating and purifying compound (III) is carried out by filtering reaction product using diatomite, filtering ethyl acetate through diatomite, extracting, washing extract successively with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, pyrosulfite solution and saturated salt water, drying over sodium sulfate, vacuum distilling, carrying out silica gel column chromatography with petroleum ether, and recrystallizing at -35- ?40 degrees C using 2-methylpentane as solvent. Separating and purifying compound (V) is carried out by pouring reaction product into ice water, adding concentrated ammonia water to remove unreacted iodine of methyl iodide, filtering, water washing, drying, and crystallizing using ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by mixing fluorene derivative of formula (II), dibromothiophene derivative of formula (III) and catalyst at molar ratio of 1:1:0.005 under anhydrous anaerobic reaction environment, dissolving in 5-10 times 0.05 M aqueous sodium bicarbonate, adding toluene as solvent, refluxing at 60-100 degrees C for 24-72 hours, separating, and purifying. Preferred Method: The separating and purifying method is carried out by adding toluene or chloroform and deionized water to reaction system, taking organic phase, vacuum distilling, evaporating organic phase to 5-15 ml, drying over anhydrous methanol, stirring, gradually precipitating solid, filtering, drying, dissolving in toluene or chloroform, carrying out chromatography over neutral alumina column, and spin drying. The separating and purifying method of compound (II) is carried out by adding saturated sodium chloride to reaction system, extracting with chloroform or toluene, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, filtering, rotary evaporating, and purifying using silica gel column chromatography using dichloromethane as eluent. The separating and purifying method of compound (IV) is carried out by filtering reaction system, collecting product using diatomite, adding ethyl acetate, extracting, washing with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, saturated sodium metasulfite solution and saturated salt water, drying over sodium sulfate, vacuum distilling, treating in silica gel column chromatography with petroleum ether, vacuum distilling at - 35-- 40 degrees C, and recrystallizing using 2-methylpentane. The separating and purifying method of compound (V) is done by placing reaction product in ice water, adding concentrated ammonia water, filtering, washing with water, drying, and recrystallizing using ethyl acetate and tetrahydrofuran at molar ratio of 2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) has weight-average molecular weight of 10000-300000. (I) comprises monomer having molecular weight of 250-1000. The oligomer has weight-average molecular weight of 5000-150000. (II) is present in an amount of 10-50 mole%, and monomer is present in an amount of 50-90 mole%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Assembly: Alternatively, the photovoltaic prelaminate assembly comprises one or more encapsulant layers, each encapsulant layer comprising a product of cross-linking the polymer composition, where at least a portion of the carboxylic acid groups or carboxylate groups of the two or more ethylene copolymers are reacted with at least two of the hydroxyl groups of the hydroxyl-containing crosslinking agent, so that the hydroxyl- containing crosslinking agent forms a cross-link between two or more ethylene copolymer molecules. About 5-90% of the total content of the carboxylic acid groups present in the ethylene copolymer have been neutralized to form carboxylate groups having counterions. The ethylene copolymer comprises 10-30 wt.% of copolymerized units of the alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. The alpha , beta - ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, and mixtures of two or more of an acrylic acid and a methacrylic acid. The hydroxyl-containing crosslinking agent comprises a diol, preferably 1,4-butanediol. The adjuvant comprises a silane selected from N-(2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, and combinations, in amounts of 0.025-2.0 wt.%. The counter ion is sodium or zinc. The one or more encapsulant layers exhibit an elongation of at least 10%, as determined by ASTM D2990-09. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is chosen from 16 lithium salt e.g. lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium chlorate and lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fluorobenzene compound is chosen from fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, trifluorobenzene, tetrafluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene. The content of the fluorobenzene compound is 1-15 wt.%. The solvent contains carbonate-type solvent and solvent other than carbonate-type solvent. The solvent other than carbonate-type solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane and dibuthyl ether. The carbonate-type solvent contains cyclic carbonate solvent and linear carbonate solvent. The linear carbonate solvent is chosen from dimethoxyethane, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonate. The cyclic carbonate solvent is chosen from polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate and 2,3-pentylene carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: grapheme carbon particles, rubber particles having a core/shell structure, an epoxy/butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers adduct and/or an epoxy/dimer acid adduct; and dicyandiamine and/or 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N,N-dimethylurea. The composition is: curable at a temperature of below 140 degrees C; and heat-curable within 15 minutes or less. The composition, when applied at 1 mm thick to hot dipped galvanized metal with a bond area of 20 mmx 10 mmx 0.25 mm, has a measured lap shear strength of at least 15 MPa when tested at room temperature. Preferred Components: The epoxy-capped flexibilizer comprises a reaction product of reactants including an epoxy compound, a polyol, an anhydride, a diacid, a caprolactone and/or a primary or secondary polyether amine. The epoxy compound used as a reactant comprises bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, phenyl diglycidyl ether and/or glycidyl methacrylate. The amine comprises secondary amine and a dimethyl amine. The alkaloid comprises a diazole and an imidazole. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 46 g of Epon 828 (RTM: Bisphenol A); 6 g of microglass; 3.5 g of Wacker HDK (RTM: Pyrogenic silica); 0.02 g of Tint AYD ST (RTM: Acrylic-based colorant); 11.5 g of Jeffamine D-2307 (RTM: Polyoxyalkyleneamine); 5 g of Jeffamine XTJ-616 (RTM: Polyoxyalkyleneamine); 2.2 g of Accelerator 399 (RTM: Mix of alkanolamine/piperazine derivative); 1.5 g of Microglass 9132 (RTM: Silane treated chopped fiberglass); 1 g of Hakuenka CCR-S (RTM: Precipitated calcium carbonate); 2.75 Wacker HDK H17 (RTM: Hydrophobic fumed silica); and 0.01 g of Tint AYD PC 9298 (RTM: Phthalo blue pigment dispersion).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic oxide particles contain colloidal silica, colloidal zirconia, or colloidal titania. Preferred Properties: The inorganic oxide particles have a primary particle diameter of 1-100 nm, and a surface potential at pH of 2-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The functional group contained in the surface of inorganic oxide particles is bonded with the polysiloxane resin. The polysiloxane resin contains a reactive group chosen from alkoxy silyl group and silanol group in the molecules. The total amount of reactive groups contained in the polysiloxane resin is 8-48 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The silicone resin sheet is hot-laminated at a temperature of 80-200 degrees C. Preferred Property: The silicone resin sheet has a thickness of 5 mu m to 1 mm. Preferred Component: The polysiloxane resin is a condensation-reactive group-containing polysilsesquioxane having D-units and T-units as basic composition units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Semiconducting nanowires are parallel to one another. The long axes of semiconducting nanowires are perpendicular to the graphene sheet. The semiconducting nanowires contain zinc oxide (ZnO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The interlayer contains a conductive polymer, preferably polythiophene. A photoactive material is disposed over the semiconducting nanowires. The photoactive material contains semiconductor nanocrystals or poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). The device contains a 2nd electrode deposited over the photoactive material. Preferred Processes: The interlayer is deposited by spin-casting. Semiconducting nanowires are grown over the interlayer by hydrothermal deposition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is propyl benzene, isopropyl benzene, pentyl benzene, a methoxybenzene, ethoxy benzene, butylbenzene and/or 1-isopropyl-4-methoxybenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealing agent is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-ultraviolet glue layer contains ultraviolet isolation material comprising silicon dioxide, boride and colorful copper dioxide nano material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of substrate layer is less than thickness greater of anti-ultraviolet glue layer. Preferred Composition: The substrate layer includes cellulose compound including polyurethane bond, ester bond or ether bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Component: The protective layer is release paper layer having of peeling strength of 0.3 N/25 mm at less than normal temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The flatting agent is modified polyamide solvent. The de-foaming agent is modified urea solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The extruded sheath layer is made of thermoplastic elastomeric material via extrusion process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The transparent conductive solid substrate is made of fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO) or indium tin oxide glass (ITO) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is organic polysiloxane and ester coupling agent. The coagulation bath solution is dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, tetrahydrofuran and cyclohexanone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode substrate is coated with 3, 4-two oxygen ethylene thiophene and poly benzene sulfonic acid salt water solution. The barrier layer is dipped into 2-ethoxyl-ethanol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The buffering layer is selected from lithium fluoride, lithium carbonate and caesium carbonate material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The active layer is made of material that is selected from Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), MODO-Polyphenylene Vinylene (PPV) and poly (2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar concentration of zinc chloride is 0.005-0.4 mol/L, preferably 0.12 mol/L, potassium chloride is 0.25 mol/L, preferably 2 mol/L, and polyethylene glycol 6000 is 0 mg/L, preferably 60 mg/L. Preferred Conditions: Electrochemical potential is - 1.3 V and deposition time is 1000 s, preferably 10-50 s.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The antioxidant is bisphenol A phosphate or triphenyl phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The thickness of polyethylene terephthalate base material film and modified polyoxyethylene film is 15-30 mu m and 5-10 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material containing an element which forms alloy with lithium is a material of formula: SiOx, where x is 0.5-1.5. The material containing an element which forms alloy with lithium is coated with a carbon material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble adhesive resin is cellulose. The fluorine-containing elastic copolymer includes structural unit based on propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode material is metal oxide optionally comprising dopant. The cathode material is opaque metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is flexible polymer, glass substrate or metal substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter A of lithium cobalt complex oxide (A) is 10-30 mu m. Average particle diameter B of lithium cobalt complex oxide (B) is 1-10 mm. Average particle diameter of lithium cobalt complex oxide satisfies relationship A-B= greater than or equal to 5. Average particle diameter C in mu m of lithium nickel cobalt manganese complex oxide (C) is larger than diameter B of oxide (B). Diameter A is greater than or equal to diameter C, and diameter C is greater than diameter B. Preferred Compositions: Positive mix layer of positive electrode contains lithium nickel cobalt manganese complex oxide of formula Li1+sM1O2 (1) as lithium-containing complex oxide. Lithium cobalt complex oxide contains different metal elements other than lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese. Ratio of amount of different metal elements with respect to total amount of cobalt and different metal elements in oxide (B) is larger than the ratio of amount of different metal elements with respect to total amount of cobalt and different metal elements in oxide (A). Oxide (A) and oxide (B) are represented by formula Li1+yCozM21-zO2 (2). Positive mix layer contains greater than or equal to 50 mass% oxide (A) with respect to 100 mass% oxide (A) and oxide (B) and 15-45 mass% oxide (C) with respect to 100 mass% oxide (A), oxide (B), and oxide (C).s, y=- 0.3-0.3;M1=group with Ni, Co, and/or Mn, provided that group contains 30-65 mol.% Ni, 5-35 mol.% Co, and 15-50 mol.% Mn and amount of Ni, Co, and Mn in mol.% are set to a, b, and c, respectively;z=0.95-1; andM2=Mg, Zr, Al, and/or Ti. Preferred Definitions:    M2=Mg and/or Zr.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The support sheet is made of aluminum, steel, stainless steel, copper, plastic, glass reinforced plastic and fiber glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The glass fibers are made of polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, acrylic and polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Each of the heat insulating members has a thickness of 0.5-2 mm, and has a thermal conductivity of 0.01-0.5 W/mK. Each heat insulating member includes a vulcanized fiber sheet being formed of cotton fiber or pulp fiber and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The manufacture of copper-indium-gallium selenide thin film further involves mixing chelating agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antireflection film contains magnesium fluoride. The transparent conductive layer contains zinc oxide. The front electrode layer comprises aluminum, silver and/or nickel. The substrate comprises glass, ceramics, stainless steel, polymer and/or metal. The back electrode layer comprises molybdenum, nickel and/or copper. The buffer layer comprises cadmium selenide, indium selenide of formula: InxSey, zinc-containing complex of formula: Zn(O,S,OH)x , indium-sulfur complex of formula: In(OH)xSy , zinc-indium selenide of formula: ZnInxSey (where x and y are not defined), and/or zinc selenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chelating agent is chosen from beta -diketone-type compound and heterocyclic amine-type compound. The beta -diketone-type compound is chosen from 2,4-hexanedione, 5-methyl-2,4-hexanedione, 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione, 3,5-heptanedione, 2-methyl-3,5-heptanedione, 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedione, 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedione, 2,2,6-trimethyl-3,5-heptanedione and 2,2,6,6-trimethyl-3,5-heptanedione. The heterocyclic amine-type compound is chosen from pyrrolidine, pyrrole, imidazole, porphyrin, pyridine, pyrimidine, 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The composition of the stainless steel plate contains (in wt%) carbon (0-0.02), nitrogen (0-0.02), silicon (0-0.4), manganese (0-0.2), phosphorus (0-0.04), sulfur (0-0.02), chromium (25.0-32.0), copper (0-2.0), nickel (0-0.8), titanium (0-0.5), niobium (0-0.5) and iron (FE). The composition of the stainless steel plate contains vanadium (0-1.5), tungsten (0-2.0), lanthanum (0-1.0), zirconium (0-1.0) and boron (0-0.1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base layer of the metal electrode is made of iron (Fe), silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), cobalt (Co), indium (In), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), zirconium (Zr), rhodium (Rh) and magnesium (Mg). The transparent electrode comprises indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide and/or tin oxide. The electron-transport layer comprises lithium fluoride, titanium oxide (TiOx), titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and/or cesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active layer contains semiconductor polymer chosen from poly-3-hexylthiophene, poly(2,7-carbazole-alt-4,7-dithienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene), poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)), poly(1-(6-(4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-6-methylbenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-3-fluoro-4-methylthieno(3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)-1-octanone) and/or poly((9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9dioctylfluorene)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive layer is formed of the material selected from the group consisting of fluorine doped tin oxide, indium-tin-oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium zinc tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium-tin-oxide-silver-indium-tin-oxide (ITO-Ag-ITO), indium zinc oxide-silver- indium zinc oxide (IZO-Ag-IZO), indium zinc tinoxide-silver-indium zinc tinoxide (IZTO-Ag-IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide-silver-aluminum zinc oxide (AZO-Ag-AZO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is formed of the material selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, cured acrylic resin, curable epoxy resin and curing silicon resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electric wave absorbing paint is coated on other side of tower. The wind power generator includes radio wave absorbing material. The electric wave absorbing paint includes 20-50 wt.% microwave absorbing material, 10-20 wt.% binder, 40-50 wt.% solvent, and remainder of additive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The radar absorbing paint layer includes organic polymer comprising polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and metal chosen from copper, nickel, iron, aluminum, tin, zinc and gold. The radio wave absorbing material includes polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, and carbon, ferrite, and iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The cleaning agent is butanone or ethyl acetate. Preferred Properties: The release base film has thickness of 15-250 mu m. The silicone release layer has thickness of 5 mu m. The adhesive layer has thickness of 2-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The release base film is made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyacrylate and polyimide. The adhesive layer is made of acrylic, polyurethane and/or silicon glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The protection gas is nitrogen and/or argon. The cathode is aluminum electrode or metal layer electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is organic palladium and/or organic phosphine ligand in molar ratio of 1:4-8. The organic palladium is dichloride bis-triphenylphosphine palladium or tetra-triphenylphosphine palladium. The organic phosphine ligand is palladium acetate, tris(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine, di-or tri-dibenzylideneacetone dipalladium and/or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxy-biphenyl palladium. The organic solvent is toluene, N,N'-dimethyl formamide and/or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A benzothiophene derivative of formula (II) and fluorothiophene derivative of formula (III) in molar ratio of 1:1-1.2 are reacted under protective gas atmosphere in presence of catalyst and solvent mixture at 70-130 degrees C for 6-60 hours, separated and purified, to obtain thienyl copolymer (I). Preferred Composition: The buffer layer comprises poly-3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene and polystyrene-sulfonic acid mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fluorescent material is dissolved in the organic solvent such as trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or tetrahydrofuran. The antioxidant is 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine -2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione-bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite complex compound, or 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-ethyl-6 -tert-butyl-phenol). The tackifier is ( gamma )-aminopropyl triethoxysilane or ( gamma )-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The EVA adhesive film is comprised of component of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, cross-linking agent and antioxidant. The crosslinking agent is bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) -1,6-hexanediamine and/or 2,4-dichloro-6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine polymer. The light-stabilizing agent is O,O-tert-pentyl-O-(2-ethylhexyl)-mono-peroxydicarbonate, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4-dichloro-6- (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass substrate, flexible polymer substrate or metal substrate. The anode contains metal oxide or metal oxide containing a dopant. The cathode contains opaque metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-transport layer comprises material chosen from 12 compounds e.g. 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-nitrophenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-acetylamino-4-nitrophenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-nitro-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene and 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole-transport layer comprises material comprising poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass substrate, flexible polymer substrate or metal substrate. The anode contains metal oxide or metal oxide containing a dopant. The cathode contains opaque metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass substrate, flexible polymer substrate or metal substrate. The anode contains metal oxide or metal oxide containing a dopant. The cathode contains opaque metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole-transport layer comprises material comprising poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass substrate, flexible polymer substrate or metal substrate. The anode contains metal oxide or metal oxide containing a dopant. The cathode contains opaque metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-transport layer comprises material chosen from 12 compounds e.g. 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-nitrophenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-acetylamino-4-nitrophenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-nitro-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene, 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene and 3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-((3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)thio)benzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphite raw material is natural graphite and/or artificial graphite precursor. The natural graphite is crystalline flake graphite and/or amorphous graphite. The artificial graphite precursor is needle coke-free graphitized product, petroleum coke-free graphitized product and/or graphitized carbon microspheres. The graphite raw material has purity of 90% or more. The amount of graphite oxide is 0.1-40 wt.%. The asphalt is coal, petroleum asphalt, natural asphalt and/or middle-phase asphalt. The amount of binder is 5-40 wt.%. The average particle size of powder material is 5-30 mu m. Preferred Properties: The protective atmosphere is helium gas, neon, argon gas and/or nitrogen gas. The graphene-based composite cathode material has an average particle size of 5-30 mu m, a purity of 99.9% or more, specific surface area of 3-40 m2/g, electroconductivity of 103 S/cm at a density of 2 g/cm3, reversible specific capacity of 360 mAh/g or more, coulombic efficiency of 90% or more, and 500 weeks cycle capacity retention rate of 90% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is asphalt, resin, high-molecular material and/or polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of bismuth oxide and graphene is 0.05-0.25:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder is chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and styrene-butadiene rubber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The short fiber is chosen from nylon, acrylic fiber and Terylene (RTM: polyethylene terephthalate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal foil layer is selected from stainless steel foil, aluminum foil, copper foil, nickel foil, titanium foil and silver foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base plate is selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, Teflon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Conjugated polymer derivative (I) comprises 11-(2,7-dithiabicyclo(4.2.1)nona-1(8),3,5-trien-8-yl)-2,8-bis(thiolan-2-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.0(3,7))dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaene derivative of formula (IV)m=1-20; andn=4.. Solvent is selected from tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene or chlorobenzene. Catalyst is selected from palladium compounds such as tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, palladium acetate or bis (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium. Inert gas is selected from nitrogen or argon. Preferred composition: Weight percentage of catalyst selected is 0.1-10%, perferably 0.5-2%. Preferred Condition: The reaction temperature is carried out at 80-200 degrees C, preferably 110-130 degrees C for 4-72 hours, preferably 24-36 hours. Preparation (Claimed): Conjugated polymer derivative (I) is prepared through condensation polymerization, where compound represented by cyclic derivative of formula (II) is treated with thiophene derivative of formula (V) in the presence of suitable solvent and proper catalyst.m=not defined. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Conjugated polymer derivative (I) are specifically claimed, e.g 4-methyl-6-(11-methyl-2-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiophen-2-yl)-8-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.0(3,7))dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, 6-(2-(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiophen-2-yl)-8-(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-11-methyl-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.0(3,7))dodeca-1(9),2,5,7,11-pentaen-5-yl)-4-methylthieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, 2-(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiophen-2-yl)-11-(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-16-(thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-6-yl)-5,9,14,18-tetrathiapentacyclo(10.6.0.0(3,10).0(4,8).0(13,17))octadeca-1,3(10),4(8),6,11,13(17),15-heptaene derivative of formula (VI)
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Dispersant is polyurethane compound. Polyurethane compound contains ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide chain in which urethane compound is composed of quat.-ammonium agent of quat.-amino. Polymer unit-containing curable functional group of fluorin-containing polymer is based on fluorin-containing monomer of polymerized unit of curable functional group in which curable functional group-containing monomer is hydroxyl-containing monomer, carboxyl-containing monomer, anhydride monomer, amidogen-containing monomer, and/or silicone-based vinyl monomer. Fluorin-containing monomer is tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and/or vinylidene fluoride, preferably tetrafluoroethylene. Preferred Parameter: Dispersant has alkali value of 12-40 mg KOH/g and acid value of 12 mg KOH/g, preferably 0 mg KOH/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Component B further contains 20-35 mass parts inorganic filler which is titanium pigment, carbon black, calcium carbonate, and/or nano-silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Diluting agent A and/or diluting agent B are toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, propylene glycol, methyl ether acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol, methanol, n-butanol, butanone, methyl ethyl ketone, and/or cyclohexanone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Component B further contains 0.505-3.05 mass parts auxiliary agents composed of 0.005-0.25 mass part catalyst, 0.5-2 mass parts wetting and dispersing agent, 0-0.5 mass part flatting agent, and 0-0.3 mass part de-foaming agent in which catalyst is tert.-amine catalyst and/or metal compound catalyst. Isocyanate curing agent is isophorone diisocyanate tripolymer, hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret, and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer. Polyol resin is acrylic polyol and/or polyester polyol. Adhesion promoter is modified chlorinated polyolefin resin or rosin. Preferred Parameters: Fluorocarbon resin has 25-60 mg KOH/g hydroxyl value, 2-12 mg KOH/g acid value, greater than or equal to 50% solid content, and 20-30% fluorine content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light heat insulating material is made of high hot resistant fiber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of glass powder, and oxygen-free ceramic micropowder is 10-30 wt.%. The amount of organic acid is 1-10 wt.%. Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is prepared by adding organic acid to 10 wt.% ethyl cellulose and 90 wt.% dibasic ester, where dibasic ester comprise 5 wt.% dimethylsuccinic acid, 15 wt.% dimethylglutaric acid and 85 wt.% dimethyl acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium active material is chosen from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickelate and lithium iron phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The separating plate is made of stainless steel. The stainless steel plate comprises less than or equal to 0.02% of carbon, less than or equal to 0.02% of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.4% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.2% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.04% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.02% of sulfur, 25-32% of chromium, 0-2% of copper, less than or equal to 0.8% of nickel, less than or equal to 0.5% of titanium, less than or equal to 0.5% of niobium, inevitably contained element and balance amount of iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic compound comprises at least one compound chosen from siloxane compound and silane coupling agent. The inorganic compound comprises at least one compound chosen from silica and zirconia. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The fluidization temperature of the crosslinked polyolefin material is 250 degrees C or more, or 200 degrees C or less. The gel fractions of the base material is 30-90 %mass. The shrinkage percentage of the protection sheet after allowing to standstill at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes is less than 1%. Preferred Composition: The crosslinked polyolefin material is protection sheet containing silane crosslinked polyolefin. The sealing material contact bonding layer is formed from olefin type material containing an olefin resin. The olefin resin is ethylene-type resin which has structural unit derived from ethylene. Preferred Process: The base material layer and the sealing material contact bonding layer are manufactured by extrusion molding process or co-extrusion process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Pigment is titanium oxide, barium sulfate, and/or calcium carbonate, preferably titanium oxide. Addition amount of pigment is 1-10 mass% with respect to total amount of polyester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Ketene imine compound is represented by formula (2). Addition amount of ketene imine compound is 0.05-5 mass% with respect to total amount of polyester.R11-R20=H, alkyl, aryl, or alkoxy, provided that greater than or equal to 1 of R11-R20 may combine with each other and form a ring; andR3=alkyl or aryl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Biaxial stretching process is carried out.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The substrate is semiconductor layer of thin film solar cell. The graphene film has 1-10 layers. Preferred Property: The light transmittance of graphene film in wavelength of 550 nm along layer thickness direction is 70% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The central-line average roughness of the uneven surface of substrate is 1-1000 nm, based on JIS-B0601:2001. The volume resistivity of resin layer is 10-5 ohm.cm to 102 ohm.cm. The light transmittance of resin layer in wavelength of 550 nm along layer thickness direction is 80% or more. The central-line average roughness of uneven surface is more than the central-line average roughness of the smooth surface, based on JIS-B0601:2001. Preferred Composition: The resin layer contains polythiophene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting silicone resin composition layer contains alkenyl-group containing organopolysiloxane, hydrosilyl group-containing organopolysiloxane and/or platinum catalyst. The thermoplastic resin film layer is fluorine resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is contained in liquid (A) and/or liquid (B). The silane coupling agent is chosen from epoxy-type silane coupling agent, amino-type silane coupling agent, methacryl-type silane coupling agent and isocyanate-type silane coupling agent. The isocyanate compound is isocyanurate modified hexamethylene diisocyanate. The urethanation reaction catalyst is organometallic compound catalyst (d1) containing element chosen from iron, manganese, zirconium, thorium, titanium, nickel and aluminum, or tertiary amine catalyst (d2) by which acid-blocking is carried out.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyurethane adhesive contains 0.01-150 pts. wt. liquid (A) with respect to 100 pts. wt. liquid (B). The copolymer contains 15-80 wt.% vinyl acetate residue unit. The polyurethane adhesive also contains urethane reaction catalyst (D) and antioxidant (E).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The higher-fatty acid soap is montanic acid metal salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The melting point of the rubber sheet is 170 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The screen or mesh structure contained in the capacitor comprises several multi-walled or single walled carbon nanotubes. The magnetic catalyst nanoparticles contain cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, iron, ruthenium, and/or alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ionic liquid is chosen from butyl trimethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-2-methyl pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium bis(trif1uoromethylsulfonyl) imide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide, diethylmethyl sulfonium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide, and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer contained in the support structure is chosen from polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyterthiophene, derivatives of polythiophene and polyterthiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3-(4-f1uorophenyl) thiophene), poly(3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)thiophene), poly(3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-thiophene), poly(1-cyano-2-(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxylthienyl))-1-(2-thienyl)vinylene), and poly(3-methyl thiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper film and lower film is formed with the poly vinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The moisture absorbent comprises zeolite, montmorillonite, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt(II) sulfate, gallium sulfate, titanium(IV)sulfate, nickel sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, strontium chloride, yttrium chloride, copper dichloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum pentafluoride, niobium(V)fluoride, lithium bromide, calcium bromide, cerium(III) bromide, selenium tetrabromide, vanadium(III) bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide, barium perchlorate and/or magnesium perchlorate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curing agent comprises amine-based curing agents, imidazole-based curing agents, phenol-based curing agents, and/or acid anhydride-based curing agent. The thermal cross linking agent comprises blocked isocyanates and polyhydroxy styrene. The stability enhancers comprise phenoxy resins, acrylate resins, epoxy resins, and/or ultra high molecular weight epoxy resin. The viscosity diluent comprises methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone and/or ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The moisture penetration preventing layer comprises dicyclopentadiene type epoxy, dicyclopentadiene-modified phenol type epoxy, biphenyl type epoxy, naphthalene type epoxy, cresol-type epoxy, bisphenol-type epoxy, xylene type epoxy, phenol novolak epoxy, an alkyl-modified phenol type epoxy methane and/or phenol methane epoxy. The sealing layer includes silane-modified epoxy resin including a silane. The pattern free layer and release layer comprise polyethylene terephthalate, poly (methyl methacrylate), polyethylene naphthalate and polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of the: m-phenylenediamine is 8-20 wt.%; terephthaloyl chloride is 8-20 wt.%; and calcium chloride is 1-5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is amide solvent including N-methypyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfite and dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The drying step is carried out at temperature of 40-80 degrees C for 10-40 minutes. The method comprises dipping the film in the water at 40-80 degrees C for 10-14 hours and then wet processing. Preferred Components: The film further comprises pore-forming agent including polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol and glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is hydrazine derivative, sodium borohydride and potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar protic solvent is water, formic acid, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, N-butanol, t-butanol and acetic acid, and the polar aprotic solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate and acetone. The organic semiconductor material is pentacene, oligothiophene, perylene, phthalocyanine, polyacetylene or polythiophene. Preferred Process: The reaction of the graphene at the polar solvent is performed at 50-100 degrees C for 0.1-15 hours. The electrode pattern is formed at 50-100 degrees C. The heat-treatment process is performed in a hydrogen gas or an inert gas atmosphere at 200-600 degrees C. The substrate is a silicon substrate or a plastic substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polar solvent comprises a polar protic solvent and a polar aprotic solvent with a volume ratio of 0.01:0.99-0.5:0.5. The composition comprises 1-50 pts. wt. of dispersing stabilizer, 0.001-30 pts. wt. of polar solvent, and 0.01-90 pts. wt. of reducing agent, where the dispersing stabilizer is water soluble polymer including polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethylcellulose, sodium carboxylmethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, sodium polymethylacrylate, gelatin, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide and chitosan. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises reacting aromatic heterocyclic compounds of formula (XIII) and aromatic or aromatic heterocyclic dihalides of formula (X1-A-X2) (XIV).X1, X2 = halide;T = Sn(R51)(R52)(R53); andR51-R53 = 1-10C alkyl.Preferred Method: (XIII) is obtained by reacting aromatic heterocyclic compounds of formula (XV) with organotin halide of formula (Sn(R51)(R52)(R53)X3) (XVI).X3 = halide. EXAMPLE - 0.2 g 4,6-Bis-(5-bromo-thiophen-2-yl)-2-(2-octyl-dodecyl)-5H-cyclopenta(c)pyrrole-1,3-dione, 0.15 g 7,9-bis(trimethylstannyl)acenaphtho(1,2-c)thiophene, 0.01 g tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and 6 mg tri(o-tolyl)phosphine were added to 10 ml anhydrous chlorobenzene under nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 48 hours at 110?C. The reaction mixture was precipitated with mixture of 150 ml methanol and 10 ml hydrochloric acid, then obtained precipitate was dissolved in chloroform and reprecipitated from methanol. The precipitated polymer was extracted with mixed solvent of methanol and hexane to remove low molecular weight polymer and then dried to obtain 0.11 g 4,6-bis-(thiophen-2-yl)-2-(2-octyl-dodecyl)-5H-cyclopenta(c)pyrrole-1,3-dione-acenaphtho(1,2-c)thiophene copolymer of formula (XVII) with 52% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat insulating plate is made of polyurethane white material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation layer is made of temperature resistant fluorine plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves using electrolyte comprising 0.5 %mass ammonium fluoride and 3 %mass ionized aqueous ethylene glycol solution in anodic oxidation. The method further involves using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and graphene is 1:19.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The slurry has a viscosity of 2x 105-3x 105 mPa.second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sizing agent is formed by titanium dioxide, terpineol and ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluorin weatherable film is made of polyvinyl fluoride thin film, polyvinylidene fluoride film, chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer film, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylenevinylidene fluoride copolymer plastic thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The composite powder is selected from any one of carbon black, carbon fiber, graphite, silver, copper, silver-coated copper nanometre granule, barium titanate powder, lead containing barium titanate or strontium-containing titanic acid lock micro-powder. The lithium battery current collector is formed of copper foil or aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The composite powder is selected from any one of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, polyamide, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyether or acrylic ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water surface floating device part comprises multiple floating tube bodies that are made of polyethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sterilizer main body is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of the nitric acid is 50-70%. The anode material is lithium-manganese oxide, lithium-cobalt oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide or lithium-iron phosphate. The electrolyte is a mixture of lithium hexafluorophosphate and polycarbonate. The concentration of the electrolyte is 0.5-2 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The 5-80 wt.%, preferably 20-40 wt.% polyphosphate-containing compound is polyphosphate and/or halogenated polyphosphate. The polyolefin material is polyimide, polyester, polyesterimide, polyethylene, and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coloring agent is titanium pigment, preferably titanium dioxide. The filling agent is light calcium carbonate powder. The nucleating agent is talcum powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: 6-8 carbon containing alkane mixture contains 6-8 carbon containing n-alkanes. Preferred Parameters: Dried biomass feedstock has 10-16 wt.% water content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrode active material comprises 0.5-5 pts. wt. lithium-containing transition metal oxide and lithiated metal oxide, where the electrode active material is carbonaceous material including soft carbon, hard carbon, natural graphite, kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, mesocarbon microbead, petroleum and carboniferous system coke, and the lithiated metal oxide is lithium titanium oxide. The lithium-containing transition metal oxide is lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese dioxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (Li(NiaCobMnc)O2), lithium nickel cobalt oxide (LiNi1-yCoyO2), lithium cobalt manganese oxide (LiCo1-yMnyO2), lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi1-yMnyO2), lithium manganese nickel oxide (LiMn2-zNizO4) or lithium manganese cobalt oxide (LiMn2-zCozO4), where the values of a, b and c are 1, the sum of a, b and c is 1, the value of y is 0-1 and the value of z is 0-2. The lithiated metal oxide has a specific surface area of 4-70 m2/g, and an average particle diameter of less than 1 mu m. The composite comprises 0.01-1 pts. wt. siloxane compound and 100 pts. wt. electrode active material. The siloxane compound has a specific surface area of 50-200 m2/g and an average particle diameter of 30-800 nm. The shell section further comprises metal oxide, carbon or their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The siloxane compound has structures of formulae (I), (II), where H in end groups of (I) are substituted with a conducting polymer including polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylacetate, polyethyleneimine and polyethylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of polyoxymethylene methacrylate with respect to polymer emulsion particles is 0.1/1-0.8/1. The polymer emulsion particles have core/shell structure including core layer and shell layer having two or more layers. The mass ratio of hydrolyzable silicon compound and polyoxymethylene methacrylate in the outermost layer of the shell layer is 0.1/1-5/1. The mass ratio of hydrolyzable silicon compound, polyoxymethylene methacrylate in the core layer is 0.01/1-1/1. The polymerization of polymerization undiluted solution is performed in presence of seed particles. The polymerization undiluted solution further contains other copolymerizable vinyl monomer. The hydrolyzable silicon compound has vinyl polymeric group. The metallic compound particles are formed using silicon dioxide, metal oxide having photocatalytic activity or metal oxide having electroconductivity. The ratio of particle length and particle diameter of the metallic compound particles is 1/1-20/1. The metallic compound particles are modified metallic compound particle obtained by modifying with modifier compound including triorganosilane unit of formula: R3Si- (I), monooxydiorganosilane unit of formula: -(R2SiO)- (II), dioxyorganosilane unit of formula (III), trioxysilane unit of formula (IV) and difluoromethylene unit. The haze of the coating film is 20 or less.R=linear or branched 1-30C alkyl, 5-20C cycloalkyl, linear or branched 1-30C fluoroalkyl, linear or branched 2-30C alkenyl, phenyl, 1-20C alkoxy or hydroxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive inorganic material of the anode comprises carbon and titania ceramics. The porous sintered metal structure is made of titanium or steel. The electrically conductive inorganic material of the cathode comprises activated carbon, ceramics, and metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electrically conductive polymer materials of the cathode and anode comprise doped polymer materials including polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal coated through electroless-plating is nickel or copper. Preferred Properties: The pH of nickel plating liquid is 4-5. The pH of copper plating liquid is 11-12. Preferred Process: During electroless-plating, the etching of surface is carried out using potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid, and processing of the surface is carried out using tin chloride (SnCl2H2O) and hydrochloric acid solution, or a palladium chloride (PdCl2) and hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The polymer foam is pre-processes using oxygen plasma and ultraviolet cleaner, or ammonium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first layer further comprises silver and sodium. The chalcogen in the first heating step and the chalcogen in the second heating step comprise one of oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen selenide (H2Se), and hydrogen telluride (H2Te). The indium-chalcogen material comprises indium selenide (InxSey). The second layer comprises copper, gallium and sodium. The substrate comprises one of float glass, low-iron glass, borosilicate glass, flexible glass, specialty glass for high temperature processing, stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum, polyimide, plastics, or cladded metal foils.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system utilizes a flexible housing that is made of silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulator is polymer of thermoplastic elastomer type, or styrene-butadiene-styrene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The rotor blades are made of aluminum or metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The nuts are made of Teflon (RTM: synthetic fluoropolymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stainless steel comprises less than 0.02 wt.% of carbon, less than 0.02 wt.% of nitrogen, less than 0.4 wt.% of silicon, less than 0.2 wt.% of manganese, less than 0.04 wt.% of phosphorus, less than 0.02 wt.% of sulfur, 20-34 wt.% of chromium, less than 2.5 wt.% of molybdenum, less than 1 wt.% of copper, less than 0.2 wt.% of nickel, less than 0.5 wt.% of titanium, less than 0.5 wt.% of niobium, 0.2-1 wt.% of vanadium, less than 4 wt.% of tungsten, and remaining iron and other impurities, where the individual content of carbon, nitrogen, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, titanium, and niobium is not 0. The solution comprising ruthenium ions is ruthenium(iii) chloride solution having concentration of 5-20 mM. The nitric acid solution has applied voltage of -0.45 to -0.60 V, temperature of 15-60 degrees C, and concentration of 0.05-0.2 M. The interfacial contact resistance of stainless steel after formation of ruthenium oxide is 140 N/cm2 in the contact pressure of less than 4 m Omega cm2. The corrosion current density of stainless steel mixed with mixture of 1M of 2ppm sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid solution is 70 degrees C under less than 0.5 mu A/cm2, after formation of ruthenium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole-transport layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate, polyaniline, polypyrrole, copper phthalocyanine, polyvinylcarbazole, poly p-phenylenevinylene or polymethylphenyl silane. The hole-transport material is polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly (p-phenylene vinylene), poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy siloxy))-1,4-phenylenediamine vinylidene, poly(2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyloctyl hydroxyethyl))-1,4-phenylene vinylidene, pentacene, or poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The white inorganic material comprises titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and second polymeric film layers comprise polyethylene terephthalate and/or polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The solar cell module further equipped with filler having heat conductivity higher than the protective sheet, between a projecting portion and the bypass element. The filler contains resin and particles having heat conductivity higher than resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer contains structural unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene, structural unit derived from ethylene, and structural unit derived from monomer (a) other than ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. The molar ratio of structural unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene and structural unit derived from ethylene is 20/80-80/20. The monomer (a) is perfluoroolefin, polyfluoroalkyl ethylene or perfluorovinyl ether. Preferred Properties: The blend polymer has viscosity reduced-volume ratio (the product of ratio of melt viscosity of ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer at melting temperature of 180-300 degrees C with respect to melt viscosity of polymethylmethacrylate at melting temperature of 180-300 degrees C, and ratio of volume fraction of ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer at melting temperature of 180-300 degrees C with respect to the volume fraction of the polymethylmethacrylate in the blend polymer at melting temperature of 180-300 degrees C) of less than 1, preferably 0.4 or more, and glass transition temperature of 120-130 degrees C. The melt viscosity of the ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer is 10-3000 Pa.second at 270 degrees C and shear rate of 608 s-1. The melt viscosity of the polymethylmethacrylate is 300-450 Pa.second at 270 degrees C and shear rate of 608 s-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and poly(meth)acrylate is 10:90-99.9:0.1. The composition comprises 1-30 wt.% fluorine rubber with respect to total amount of the composition. The poly(meth)acrylate is polymethylmethacrylate. The fluorine rubber is a tetrafluoroethylene/propylene copolymer, or tetrafluoroethylene/propylene/vinylidene fluoride copolymer. The mass ratio of the ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and polymethylmethacrylate is 50:50-80:20 or 10:90-49:51. Preferred Composition: The polymer composition is obtained by melting and kneading the above-mentioned raw materials. The polymer composition has a micro phase-separation structure, where continuous phases are the ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and dispersed phase is the polymethylmethacrylate, or dispersed phase is the ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and continuous phase is the polymethylmethacrylate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is chosen from glass, ceramics, stainless steel, polymer, and metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding chelating agent chosen from beta -diketone and heterocyclic amine. The centrifugation step is performed in the presence of methanol. The coating process is chosen from spin coating, dip coating, doctor blade coating, roll coating, bar coating, gravier coating, and slot-die coating. The heat-treating process is performed at 300-700 degrees C. Preferred Components: The beta -diketone type chelating agent is chosen from 2,4-hexanedione, 5-methyl-2,4-hexanedione, 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione, 3,5-heptanedione, 2-methyl-3,5-heptanedione, 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedione, 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedione, 2,2,6-trimethyl-3,5-heptanedione, and 2,2,6,6-trimethyl-3,5-heptanedione. The heterocyclic amine chelating agent is chosen from pyrrolidine, pyrrole, imidazole, porphyrin, pyridine, pyrimidine, 2,2'-bipyridine, and 1,10-phenanthroline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The dye-sensitized solar cell includes working electrode (101) and counter electrode (102), positioned to opposite each other, and electrolyte positioned between working electrode and counter electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte further contains 0.1-5 pts. wt. iodine with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer network. The iodide is alkali metal salt or alkaline-earth metal salt. The iodide contains quaternary ammonium salt as cation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymer network contains ester compound of formula: =C(-R)-C(=O)-(O-A)m-O-R1 (II) and carbonylcompound of formula (III). The content of ester compound (II) and carbonylcompound (III) with respect to 100 pts. wt. compound (I) is 20-80 pts. wt and 45-105 pts. wt, respectively. The electrolyte further contains 1-20 pts. wt. aromatic heterocyclic compound with respect to 100 pts. wt. polymer network. The aromatic heterocyclic compound is benzimidazole. The precursor further contains radical initiator. The radical initiator is the thermal initiator. The quaternary ammonium salt is formulae (IV)-(VII).m=2-19;R1=alkyl group;Y'=cation residue of quaternary ammonium;X=anion, preferably halide ion, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, trifluoromethane sulfonate, anion of formula: (CN)rQ- or anion of formula: (X(YOmRf)n)-;Q=N, C or B;r=2-4;X=N or C;Y'=C or S;Rf=perfluoroalkyl;m=1 or 2;n=2 or 3;andR8-R15=alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The glass transition temperature of polymer network is -50 degrees C to 15 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated silane compound is vinyl alkoxysilane. The aminosilane compound is of formula: SiR22qR23(4-q). The radical initiator is organic peroxide, hydroperoxide or azo compound. The content of radical initiator is 0.001-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of total content of the material.R22=group of formula: -(CH2)rNR24R25;R24,R25=H or R26NH2;R26=alkylene;R23=halo, amine group or group of formula: -R28-R27;R27=R4;andR28=R5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The method further involves using additive chosen from thermal stabilizer, photo-stabilizer and UV absorber, and unmodified olefin polymer, and molding into film or sheet shape. Preferred Composition: The material film includes a branched copolymer having a polymerization unit derived from olefinic monomer containing main chain of formula: -SiR11R2(2-l)R3. The copolymer is ethylene/ alpha -olefin copolymer having density of 0.85-0.96 g/cm3 and melt-glow rate of 1-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg. The molar ratio of modified olefin polymer and unmodified olefin polymer is 1:1-20:1.R1,R2=halo, amine group, or group of formula: -R4R5;R4,R9=oxygen or sulfur atom;R5,R10=H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or acyl;l=1 or 2;R3=group of formula: -OSiR6mR7(2-m)R8;R6,R7=halo, amine, group of formula: -R9R10;R8=group of formula:-(CH2)nNR11R12;R11,R12=H, nitrogen atom or group of formula: R13NH2;R13=alkylene;m=1 or 2;andn=0 or more.Preferred Properties: The encapsulating material has yellowing index of 1-1.5 based on ASTM D1925. The area ratio of peak area of the methylene group (Sm) at frequency of 705-735 cm-1 to peak area of amine group (Sa) at frequency of 3100-3600 cm-1 is 0.9 or more, measured by FT-IR spectrum using ATR method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal particle is provided with the metal selected from the group which consists of copper, stainless steel, a titanium alloy, and a nickel alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin is a polyurethane-type resin, vinylester resin, or a fluorine resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The process further comprises fermenting the fermentable sugars to a fermentation product and carbon dioxide, where step (b) utilizes the carbon dioxide in free form, dissolved form, or reacted form. In the method, the fermentation product is ethanol, where the step (b) utilizes recycled ethanol as the solvent for lignin, as well as the carbon dioxide in free form, dissolved form, or reacted form. The process further comprises: introducing an acid to step (b), step (d) and/or step (e), where the acid is not derived from carbon dioxide, where the acid is a sulfur-containing acid; and introducing an enzyme to step (b), step (d) and/or step (e). In the process: the cellulose-rich solids are further extracted with an additional acid after removing the cellulose-rich solids from the liquor; and a portion of the lignin recovered in step (h) is a lignocarbonate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dot average shortest distance of the semiconductor quantum dot is less than 0.30 nm, preferably less than 0.20 nm. The semiconductor quantum dot is at least one chosen from lead(II) sulfide, lead selenide, indium nitride, indium arsenide, indium antimonide and indium phosphide, preferably lead(II) sulfide. The semiconductor quantum dot has average particle diameter of 2-15 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The support base material is a glass plate. Preferred Process: The crosslinked material is obtained by reacting organopolysiloxane containing alkenyl group and organopolysiloxane containing hydrosilyl group. Preferred Property: The mixing ratio of alkenyl group and hydrosilyl group is 1/1-1/0.8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The silicone resin layer further contains silicone oil, and has thickness of 2-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base resin layer contains 10-50 wt.% inorganic filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The plastic film contains blackening agent or whitening agent. Preferred Process: The surface-modification process is corona discharge treatment in air, in which the oxygen-atom/carbon atom number in the surface of polyolefin resin film is 0.1-0.2. The surface-modification process is corona discharge treatment in nitrogen and carbon-dioxide mixed gas atmosphere, in which the oxygen-atom/carbon atom number (O/C) in the surface of a polyolefin resin film is 0.2-0.4, and the nitrogen-atom/carbon atom number is 0.01-0.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin film comprises A-layer (12), B-layer (13) and C-layer (14). The A-layer comprises resin composition obtained by mixing polypropylene resin, and polyethylene-type resin. The B-layer comprises polypropylene-based resin composition having melting point more than polypropylene resin which comprises A-layer, and whitening agent. The C-layer comprises polypropylene-based resin composition. The polypropylene resin of A-layer is an ethylene propylene random copolymer having melting point of 120-145 degrees C, or ethylene propylene butene random copolymer. The plastic film is a hydrolysis-resistant polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film or fluorine resin film. A plastic film is a film which comprises polyethylene terephthalate film and the fluorine resin film, which are laminated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical complex is 2-hydroxy-4-(3-methyldiethoxysilyl-propoxy)-diphenylketone, 2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl-dimethylethoxy silane, 2-ethyltriethoxy silane, ruthenium dithiocyanate 2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate, deoxycholic acid, dehydro deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxy-cholic acid, cholic acid methyl ester, sodium cholate, polyethylene oxide, cholic acid, crown ether, cyclodextrin, calixarene or polyethylene oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The honeycomb structure comprises polypropylene, polyethylene and polycarbonate. The porosity hydrophobicity separation film comprises PTFE, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Material is metallic film or macromolecular film. Membranous polymer film is selected from acrylic film, polyolefin film, polyamide film, polyurethane film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film or polybutylene terephthalate film. Oxazoline group containing polymer is selected from 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-vinyl-5-methyl-2- oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-isopropenyl-4-methyl-2- oxazoline or 2-isopropenyl-5-ethyl-2-oxazoline. Copolymer is selected from alkyl methacrylate, monomer containing amide group, unsaturated nitrile monomer, vinyl ester monomer, vinyl ether monomer or alpha and beta -unsaturated aromatic monomer. Alkyl methacrylate is selected from methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, tert.-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, iso-octyl methacrylate, isononyl methacrylate, n-dodecyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate or tridecyl methacrylate. Fluoropolymer is selected from vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoroisobutylene, perfluorobutylethyene, perfluoromethylvinylether, perfluoropropylvinylether, perfluorohexyl vinyl ether, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole or perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3- dioxolane. Solvent is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide. Preferred Conditions: Thickness of material is 50-500 cm. Heating temperature is 150-250 degrees C. Average molecular weight of oxazoline group containing polymer is 5000-50 Bay. Thickness of primer layer is 10 nm and thickness of resin layer is 3-50 mu m. Preferred Composition: Multilayer film comprises primer layer (100 pts.wt.) and fluoropolymer (5-100 pts.wt.). Oxazoline group containing polymer comprises monomer and comonomer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The NPs include a metallic core and a transparent shell that is made of silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The NPs are made of silver, gold and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particles are silica. The barrier layer comprises silica, alumina, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, hafnium (IV) oxide, hafnium oxynitride, aluminum nitride, and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nucleophile compound comprises hydroxyl group, mercapto group, amino group, alkylamino group or a carboxyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The intermediate layer comprises low molecular weight reactive component, oligomers containing unsaturated nucleophile containing organic and inorganic particles, photoinitiator, polyethyleneimine, polyesters, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polyacrylic acid, and a crosslinkable organic polymer comprising an organic/inorganic hybrid coating composition, which has solid content of 20-30 mmol. The low molecular weight reactive component comprises acrylate monomers, unsaturated acrylate oligomers, urethane acrylates, polyether acrylate, epoxy acrylate and polyester acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the core comprises stainless steel, magnesium, aluminum, duralumin, urethane, carbon fiber or glass-reinforced fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic or organic particles comprises iron oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide and carbon black. The DNA molecule comprises a negative charge that includes phosphate ions. The hydrophobic membrane is made of polymeric materials or organic membrane. The fluid comprises low permittivity fluid including halocarbons, hydrocarbon, a silicone oil, or organic solvents. The hydrophobic membrane is not cohered within the fluid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric materials include urethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, oleic acid, and (poly(vinylpyrrolidone)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The glass frit comprises 1-10 mass% silicon dioxide, 10-30 mass% zinc oxide, 10-40 mass% boron oxide, 30-50 mass% bismuth oxide, 5-10 mass% aluminum oxide and 1-7 mass% vanadium pentoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic binder comprises 1-10 mass% ethyl cellulose, 1-10 mass% phenol resin or epoxy novolac resin, 0.5-2 mass% terpineol, 20-50 mass% benzyl alcohol, 10-30 mass% n-butyl stearate and 20-40 mass% butyl carbitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dissolving liquid is dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, tetrahydrofuran and/or cyclohexanone. The coupling agent is organosiloxane or titanate coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filler formed between support glass plate and bottom glass plate is made of calcium oxide, calcium chloride, zeolite, silica gel, alumina and activated charcoal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The filler formed between support glass plate and bottom glass plate is made of synthetic material or oxide of metals such as tantalum, columbium, zirconium, thorium, magnesium, barium, titanium, aluminum, niobium, iron, lithium, palladium, platinum, and gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and lithium-containing compounds such as LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiBC2O4F2, LiC4BO8 and LiOCH(CH3)2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluorine ethylene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyfluortetraethylene, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene and polyethylene copolymer, fluorinated rubber, polyurethane and polysiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Article: The substrate is flexible. The stress is not greater than 390 MPa. The density is at least 2-2.85 g/cm3. The stress and density are related an equation: Stress is less than Sasteriskdensity+Ia, in which S is not greater than 550 MPa.cm3/g, preferably 539 MPa.cm3/g and Ia is not greater than -400 MPa, preferably -915 MPa. The inorganic barrier layer has stress of not greater than 350 MPa and a density of at least 2 g/cm3. The inorganic barrier layer consists essentially of silicon nitride; and has water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of not greater than 0.005 g/m2/day. The thickness of the at least one inorganic barrier layer is at least 30 nm. Preferred Components: The polymeric substrate includes polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, and/or fluoropolymer. Preferred Method: The PECVD is conducted in a chamber having a reactor, where the method additionally involves adding SiH4 and NH3 to the chamber in which molar ratio of SiH4/NH3 is 0.4-1; heating the chamber to 70-130 degrees C; adjusting a pressure in the chamber to 225-500 mu bar; and emitting radio frequency from the reactor at a power of 200-450 W. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The substrate electroconductive portion contains electroconductive nanowire, and is electrode pattern containing electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In the coated product residual area, ratio of conductive polymer per unit area is 30% or less. In the line-formed conductive pattern, ratio of the conductive polymer per unit area is 70% or more. The conductive polymer contains poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The line-formed conductive pattern is equipped with thickness portion and thin portion. Preferred Properties: The line-formed conductive pattern has average thickness of 300 nm or less. The thickness portion has largest thickness of 200 nm or more. The thin portion has minimum thickness of less than 200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The quantity of silicon oxide that exists in area of 0-0.5 thickness of core side panel of the negative electrode active material layer is less than 50% of total amount of silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The quantity of first binder that exists in area of 0-0.3 thickness of base surface is more than 50% of total amount of first binder. The quantity of second binder that exists in are of 0-0.5 thickness of core side panel of negative electrode active material layer is less than 50% of total amount of second binder. The second binder is carboxymethylcellulose,
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode layer is made of zinc oxide and indium-tin oxide. The electrode separated layer is formed of silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lower electrode layer is made of molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additional components comprise 25-29 atm.% of silicon, 22-45 atm.% of oxygen, and 26-49 atm.% of carbon. The carrier is made of conductive polymers, plastics or paint.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of mass (mg) of potassium hydroxide required for neutralizing the acidic component in water by immersing the rubber-containing graft polymer powder in hot water maintained at a temperature of 85 degrees C for 1000 hours with respect to 10 times the mass (g) of rubber-containing graft polymer powder before immersing in the hot water is 3 potassium hydroxide mg/g or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer (x) contains 75-25 %mass ester (x2) and 25-75 %mass diene (x1). The monomer (x) further contains 0-5 %mass copolymerizable monomers (x3). The weak acid-type emulsifier is a fatty acid-type emulsifier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The rubber-containing graft polymer powder is obtained by graft-polymerizing a vinyl monomer in the presence of rubber-like polymer formed by polymerizing monomer (x) containing 2-8C alkyl acrylate ester (x2) of conjugated diene (x1) and alkyl group, and solidifying the polymer. The rubber-containing graft polymer latex is obtained by emulsion polymerizing and coagulating the rubber-containing graft polymer powder in presence of weak acid-type emulsifier or coagulant containing alkaline-earth metal ions. Preferred Composition: The amount of rubber-containing graft polymer powder contained in the sealing material is 1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass polyvinyl acetal. Preferred Properties: The volume average particle diameter of the rubber-containing graft polymer latex is 0.13-0.8 mu m. The refractive index difference of film produced using polyvinyl acetal with respect to film produced using rubber-containing graft polymer powder is 0.02 or less. A laminated material containing glass having thickness of 2.8 mm adhered on both surfaces of the sealing material remains non-penetrated in a penetration-resistance test, when dropping a steel ball from height of 2 m based on JIS R 3212.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Copolymer: In the copolymer, the pendent UV absorbing group comprises a triazine, a benzophenone, or a benzotriazole. The first divalent unit is represented by formula (II).R1=H or Me;V'=O or NH;X=alkylene or alkyleneoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms and optionally interrupted by one or more -O- groups and optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group;R=alkyl having from one to four carbon atoms;n=0 or 1; andZ=a benzoyl group, a 4,6-bisphenyl(1,3,5)triazin-2-yl group, or a 2H-benzotriazol-2-yl group, where the benzoyl group, 4,6-bisphenyl(1,3,5)triazin-2yl group, and 2H-benzotriazol-2-yl group are optionally substituted by one or more alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, or halogen substituents, or a combination of these substituents.The copolymer further comprises a third divalent unit represented by formula (III).R6=H or Me; andR5=alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms.The second divalent unit is present in the copolymer in an amount of up to 50 wt.%, based on the total weight of the copolymer. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises poly(methyl methacrylate). The fluoropolymer is present in the composition in an amount of at least 50 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition also comprises a second copolymer comprising the first divalent unit and at least one of the second or third divalent units. The copolymer and the second copolymer are present in the composition in an amount up to 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. The composition is essentially free of volatile organic solvent. The fluoropolymer is selected from ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer, or polyvinylidene fluoride. The composition is in the form of a film. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The adhesion layer is made of material selected from silicon-rich silicon nitride, silicon dioxide and silicon oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The adhesion layer is made of material selected from amorphous silicon and doped silicon. A metal paste portion is provided with aluminum, adhesion layer portion is made with silicon, and conductive layer is made with aluminum-silicon alloy. The electro less plated nickel layer is placed on conductive layer, and electroplated copper layer is placed on nickel layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The additional material is made of an adhesive selected from a group consisting of organosilane and titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cavity of the supports is filled with gas, air, sealant, silicone, poly-isobutylene, or insulative material. The electrically insulating light transmissive material is formed of a polymer material. The polymer material is selected from a group consisting of polycarbonate, acrylic, silicone, and polyurethane. The desiccant material is made of poly-isobutylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluorine type resin is polytetrafluoroethylene resin, poly(vinylidene fluoride) resin, or copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene hexafluoride (EFP). The adhesive layer is composed of cyanoacrylic type adhesive. The inner layer is composed of an acid denaturated polyolefin resin film. The armouring material is composed of polyamide resin film, or polyester resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mercaptotetrazole comprises at least one mercaptotetrazole derivative of formula (I) (preferably 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol). The mercaptotriazole comprises at least one mercaptotriazol derivative of formula (II) (preferably 4-benzyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol or 4-benzyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol).R1 and R2=up to 20C alkyl, up to 10C aryl, up to 30C alkylaryl, up to 10C heteroaryl (comprising oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur), up to 20C alkoxy (all optionally substituted), H, halo (F, Cl, Br or I), hydroxyl (OH), thiol (SH), amino (NR2aR3a), thioether (SR4a), sulfoxy (SOR4a), sulfone (SO2R4a), carboxylic acid (COOH) or salt of carboxylic acid (CO2-M+), carboxamide (CONR2aR3a), acylamino (NR2aCOR4a), acyl (COR4a), acyloxy (OCOR4a), or sulfonamido (SO2NR2aR3a);R2a and R3a=H, up to 20C alkyl, or up to 10C aryl;R4a=up to 20C alkyl or up to 10C aryl;M+=cation (such as metal cation, quaternary ammonium cation or quaternary phosphonium cation).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The second layer is disposed on the first layer. The second layer is disposed between the transparent support and the first layer. The polymer binder comprises gelatin, and/or polyvinyl alcohol; or cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and/or cellulose acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The sheet molded composite layer is impregnated in impregnation solution containing 0.1-0.5 wt.% silane coupling agent, 0.06-0.12 wt.% alkyl imidazoline, 1-5 wt.% water-soluble phenolic resin, 2-6 wt.% water-soluble epoxy compound and water having pH of value of 4.5, and wrapping the two surfaces of the resultant composite layer using polyethylene or polypropylene thin film. Preferred Composition: The filler is chosen from talc, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and aluminum hydroxide. The thickener is hydroxide or metal oxide of group IIA.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated polyester sheet molding compound further contains 2-10 wt.% low-shrinkage additive, 2-5 wt.% colorant and 0.06-0.1 wt.% silane coupling agent. The initiator is chosen from benzoyl peroxide, tributyl phosphate, dioctyl phthalate and N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone. The mold release agent is chosen from lecithin, alkyl phosphate, synthetic wax, natural wax and stearate. The peroxide compound is benzoyl peroxide or cyclohexanone peroxide. The water-soluble epoxy compound is epoxidized phenolic compound. The silane coupling agent is G550-type silane coupling agent or G570-type silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The low-shrinkage additive is chosen from polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene and polyvinyl acetate. The unsaturated polyester resin is chosen from 306-type unsaturated polyester resin, 307-type unsaturated polyester resin, 191-type unsaturated polyester resin and 196-type unsaturated polyester resin. The glass fiber is alkali-free glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The backplate further has adhesive layer (B) and polyethylene terephthalate layer formed on an upper surface of the adhesive layer (B). The polyethylene terephthalate layer is formed between the adhesive layer (A) and adhesive layer (B). The coating layer has polyethylene terephthalate layer, thermoplastic elastomer layer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer. The backplate further comprises coextruded film structure having adhesive layer (C) and polyethylene terephthalate layer, and located between the layer (A) and coating layer. The fluoropolymer film is polyvinyl fluoride film, polyvinylidene fluoride film or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film. The adhesive layer (A), adhesive layer (B) and adhesive layer (C) are unsaturated carboxylic acid-grafted polyolefin resin layer or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin layer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the thermoplastic elastomer layer, coating layer and coextruded film is 30-100 mu m, 40-80 mu m and 160-180 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silica sol is monodisperse organic silica sol with particle size of 10-30 nm, preferably 20-30 nm. The molar ratio of deionized water and orthosilicate is 2-6, preferably 2-4. The content of auxiliary agent is 0.1-5 wt.%, preferably 0.5-2 wt%. The content of silica sol and additive is 2-10 wt.% (preferably 2.5-3.5 wt.%), and 1-20 wt.% (preferably 2-10 wt.%), respectively. Preferred Process: The acidified silica sol is obtained by acidifying silica sol using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-fouling liquid contains dodecafluoroheptanoyl propyl trimethoxy silane, perfluorooctyl triethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyl triethoxysilane, heptadecafluorodecyl trimethoxysilane, 3,3,3-propyl dimethoxy silane gas, 3,3,3-propyl methyl dimethoxy silane gas, 3,3,3-difluoro-propyl methyl diethoxy silane, trifluoropropylmethyl dichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane and/or hexamethyl disilazane. The organic solvent is chosen from methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, n-propyl alcohol and isopropanol. The auxiliary agent is chosen from ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol phenyl ether. The additive is chosen from formamide, acetamide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and oxalic acid. Preferred Properties: The thickness anti-reflecting film and anti-fouling layer is 100-150 nm and 5-20 nm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flame retardant comprises inorganic flame retardant comprising magnesium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide and red phosphorus flame retardant as synergist.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymer polyol is polyether polyol or polyester polyol, preferably polyether glycol, trimethylolpropane polyether, polytetrahydrofuran polyol, polyoxyethylene polyol, and/or polyoxybutylene polyol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by carrying out benzothiophene derivative (II) and methylenecyclopentene derivative (III) coupling reaction in the presence of organic palladium catalyst in organic solvent, separating and purifying. Preferred Components: The palladium catalyst is organic tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium and tri-o-toluene phosphine mixture, or bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium mixture. Preferred Method: Separating and purifying compound (I) is carried out by pouring reaction system into methanol to precipitate, and filtering, performing chromatographic separation, drying, precipitating with methanol, and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by coupling cis-trans-hexahydroindane derivative of formula (II) and 1,4 -dimethylcyclohexane derivative of formula (III) under organic palladium catalyst and nitrogen atmosphere for 24-72 hours, and separating and purifying. Separating and purifying is carried out by adding methanol, precipitating, filtering, chromatographic separating, drying, precipitating with methanol, and filtering. Compound (II) is prepared by adding dropwise dichloromethane solution derivative of formula (IV) into 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 12-15 hours, purifying, adding alpha -terpinene derivative of formula (V) and solvent, heating at 78-100 degrees C, adding dropwise potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to dark green for 10-15 minutes, adding n-butyllithium n-hexane solution under nitrogen atmosphere at - 78 degrees C for 2-2.5 hours, adding trimethyltin chloride for 0.5-1 hour, heating to room temperature, and purifying. Compound (V) is prepared by mixing 1,2-oxalyl chloride into (4-bromo-2-thienyl)methanol derivative of formula (VI), refluxing under argon atmosphere for 10-15 days, freezing, and filtering. Preferred Components: Organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. Solvent is ethanol and propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The composite electrolyte is prepared by dissolving ion/hole double-transmission channel molecule organic conductor in organic solvent to obtain mixed solution, adding ionic liquid, iodine and additive, mixing, evaporating and drying. Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of organic conductive molecule, ionic liquid and additive comprises 12:0-10:0-30, where ionic liquid and additive amount is not zero. The composite electrolyte further comprises iodine at mole ratio of 12:0-10, where iodine amount is not zero. The composite electrolyte comprises organic conductive molecule, ionic liquid, additive and iodine at mole ratio of 12:1:22:0-3, where iodine amount is not zero. Preferred Component: The ionic liquid is 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazole iodide, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazole iodide, 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazole iodide, 1-methyl-3-allylimidazole iodide, 1-methyl-3-butylimidazole iodide, 1,3-dimethylimidazole iodide or methyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The additive is 4 tert-butylpyridine, N-methyl-benzimidazole, N-butyl-benzimidazole, trifluoromethyl sulfonyl imide lithium salt or lithium perchlorate. The organic solvent is ethanol, acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The standard USB base is connected to the control module MP3 by using a lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The heat absorbing element is made of plastic or resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The noble metal catalyst is platinum, molybdenum or ruthenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The cleaning agent is butanone or ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The adhesive layer is made of acrylic, polyurethane and silicon glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Dye sensitized solar cell comprises sphere structure, where sphere structure is selected from titanium oxide, stannic oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten trioxide, strontium titanate or niobium pentoxide. Dye is selected from N3, N719, N749 or N886. Electrode comprises substrate and conducting material, where conducting material comprises coating layer that is made of indium tin oxide and fluorine doped tin oxide. Plastic substrate or glass substrate is selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonates, polypropylene, polyimide or triacetate cellulose. Metallic layer is selected from platinum, gold, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, carbon or graphene. Zirconium precursor solution is selected from zirconium nitrate oxide die hydrate (zirconium nitrate oxide dihydrate), zirconium acetate, zirconium chloride, zirconium fluoride, zirconium hydroxide, zirconium oxide or zirconium silicate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon material is graphite, graphene, carbon nano fiber, carbon nanotubes or carbon black. The dye-sensitized solar cell has transparent conductive film containing zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium-zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, fluorine-doped zinc oxide or indium-tin oxide, and oxide semiconductor electrode made of titanium oxide, tin oxide or zinc oxide. The dye in the dye-sensitized solar cell is ruthenium-based dye or organic dye.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (A) is isopropanol, ethanol or water. The solvent (B) is isopropanol, methanol or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate. The content of conductive polymer is 1-19 wt.%. Preferred Process: The conductive polymer-carbon composite electrode is prepared by dispersing conductive polymer in solvent (A), obtaining solution (S1), dispersing carbon material in solvent (B), obtaining solution (S2), mixing solution (S1) and solution (S2), and heat-treating the mixed solution at 100-150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The spherical natural graphite-modified composite particle includes a lithium compound such as lithium oxide, lithium carbonate or combination.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The amorphous or semi-crystalline carbon precursor includes a citric acid, stearic acid, sucrose, polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, an ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, starch, a phenolic resin, a furan resin, furfuryl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, an epoxy resin, cellulose, styrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylchloride, coal-based pitch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The anode-side electrode contains neither a noble metal catalyst nor an enzyme. The reducible fuel is at least 1 or more types of reducible fuel chosen from ascorbic acid, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced type nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heterocyclic compound is contained to the fuel which contacts an anode-side electrode, and exists in the surface which contacts the fuel in an anode-side electrode. The reducible fuel contains the heterocyclic compound at the density of 0.2-5 M. The anode-side electrode includes a carbon material. The heterocyclic compound is a heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen of 5-membered ring. The heterocyclic compound is a compound which has an imidazole ring. The heterocyclic compound is at least 1 compound chosen from pyrazole, thiazole, 1-vinylimidazole, polyvinyl imidazole and histidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ketenimine compound (I) preferably of formula (II). The polymer layer comprises 0.1-1000 parts mass binder with respect to 100 parts mass ketenimine compound (I). The content of ketenimine compound (I) is 0.1-2 %mass with respect to total content of polyester in polyester layer.R11-R20=H, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl in which R11-R20 optionally forms ring.Preferred Process: The formation of laminated film further involves carrying out biaxial stretching. The polymer layer is stacked along transverse direction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The porous nanofiber web comprises a polymer chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene glycol, poly(methyl methacrylate) and thermoplastic polyurethane. The polymer is preferably chlorotrifluoroethylene group polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer or hexafluoropropylene group polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer. The chlorotrifluoroethylene group polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer contains 15-20 wt.% chlorotrifluoroethylene in vinylidene fluoride. The hexafluoropropylene group polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer contains 4-12 wt.% hexafluoropropylene in vinylidene fluoride. The porous non-woven fabric is a non-woven fabric made of polypropylene/polyethylene fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber or cellulose fiber. Preferred Process: A polymer electrolyte (5) is prepared by gelation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The adhesive film comprises titanium pigment coated with zinc oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and/or zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The module uses steric hindered amine (HALS) or steric prevented aminoether as non-aromatic light stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive film comprises Di-2-ethylhexylsebacate (DOS), 1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), Di-2-ethylhexyladipate (DOA), Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DOPE), Dihexyladipate (DHA), Dibutylsebacate (DBS), Triethylenglycol-to-2-propylhexanoate, Di-2-butoxyethylsebacate (DBES) and Triethylenglycol-to-2-ethylhexanoate (3G8).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Sheet: In the back sheet, the binder is a fluorine-based polymer. The crosslinkable group of the binder is a hydroxyl group. The molar ratio of the total amount of isocyanate groups of the crosslinking agents to the total amount of hydroxyls groups of the binder ((NCO)/(OH)) is 0.25-2.50. The weather resistant layer further comprises a tin, zinc or bismuth based catalyst, which improves the crosslinking efficiency. The amount of the catalyst is 0.005-3.00 wt.% relative to the total weight of the binder having a crosslinkable group. The weather resistant layer further comprises titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles. The back sheet comprises the weather resistant layer (13) on one side of the support (10) and a primer (11) on the other side of the support to enhance the adhesion of the back sheet towards an encapsulant layer (2'). Preferred Method: In for preparing the back sheet, the weather resistant layer is applied on the support by coating from an aqueous or non-aqueous coating solution. The side of the support, on which the weather resistant layer is applied, is surface treated to improve the adhesion between the support and the layer. Moreover, a primer is applied on the other side of support, where the primer is applied on the support by coating from an aqueous or non-aqueous coating solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electrically conducting material on a face of the body element includes metallized polymer, and the body element includes a protection coating in transparent plastic material such as polycarbonate or polyterephthalate of ethylene (PET) or PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Conductive layer contains aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, indium-tin-oxide (ITO), copper, nickel, iron, and/or chromium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Difference with the air permeability of the polyolefin resin porous layer which is not laminated with conductive layer is less than or equal to 150 s/100 ml. Film air permeability is 10-1000 s/100 m. Preferred Processes: Adhesion-facilitating process surface is a surface processed by corona treatment, plasma processing, sputter etching process, sulfonation, grafting process, UV irradiation process, and/or electron beam irradiation process. Preferred Components: The film contains a monolayer consisting of polyolefin resin porous layer which is polypropylene resin porous layer having beta crystal activity or a multilayer which laminates polypropylene resin porous layer and other polyolefin resin porous layer arranged on the outer side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acicular inorganic fillers are chosen from potassium titanate whisker, wollastonite whisker, and acicular titanium oxide. The hardenable surface coating composition comprises inorganic fillers other than the acicular inorganic filler. Preferred Composition: The hardenable surface coating composition comprises 100 pts. wt. acicular inorganic fillers with respect to 100 pts. wt. inorganic fillers other than acicular inorganic filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardenable surface coating composition further comprises antioxidant and/or optical stabilizer, and polycarbonate resin and/or carbodiimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The resin containing hydroxyl group is acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, or fluorine resins. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The peak area ratio at 2( theta ) of 20 degrees vicinity is 10% or less, which is measured by formula: S20/(S19+S20)x 100. The half-power band width at 2( theta ) of 19 degrees vicinity is 3 or less. The melt flow rate of copolymer is 40 g/10 minutes. The light transmittance of film at wavelength of 300-1100 nm, is 75% or more. The film has arithmetic-mean inclination of 0.2 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photoinitiator is a photoacid generator, a free radical generator, or an onium salt. Preferred Method: The activating radiation has a wavelength of greater than 300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The laminated sheet has a layer (B) which is connected with layer (A) through layer (B). The layer (B) contains 0.1-30 %mass inorganic particles. The layer (A) has rigid amorphous content of 30-50%. The layer (A) contains 0.1-5 %mass crystal nucleating agents. The layer (C) contains 5-30 %mass inorganic particles having particle diameter of 3-20 mu m, and 0.5-5 %mass polyolefin resin. Preferred Properties: The thickness of layer (B) is 15-50 mu m. The layer (A) has crystallization parameter of 7-30 degrees C measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The laminated sheet has acetic acid permeability at 85 degrees C of 200 or less (g/m2/day), and water vapor permeation rate at 40 degrees C of 2.5% or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polybutylene terephthalate resin is obtained by reacting terminal blocking agent and polybutylene-terephthalate-type resin. Preferred Composition: The solar cell back sheet has layer (D) containing polyester resin, polyamide resin and fluororesin, as main structural component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Heat-conducting filler is alumina, silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, and/or aluminum carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is chloroplatinic acid-isopropanol or chloroplatinic acid-divinyl tetramethyl disiloxane with 1-3% platinum content. Inhibitor is 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 3-methyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 1-ethynyl-cyclohexanol, methyl tri(methyl styrene-butadiene block) silane, phenyl di(methyl styrene-butadiene block) silane, ethylene di(methyl styrene-butadiene block) silane, and/or polyvinyl alkyl polysiloxane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Vinyl silicone oil is vinyl silicone oil with 0.4-1.5 mass % ethylene monomer and has 200-5500 mPa.s viscosity. Hydrogen-containing silicon oil contains 0.02-1 mass% hydrogen and has 200-1000 mPa.s viscosity. Reinforcing filler is white carbon black, methyl silica-silica (MQ) silicon resin, stone powder, methyl silicon resin, methyl phenyl silicon resin, or vinyl silicon resin. Mass ratio glue A:glue B is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal salt (A) comprises transition metal and polyatomic atom. The transition metal is chosen from manganese, iron, titanium, zinc, copper, cobalt and nickel. The salt (A) containing polyatomic atom is chosen from phosphate, sulfate, nitrate, molybdate, oxalate, chlorate and carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal salt (B) containing polyatomic anion is chosen from hydroxide, perchlorate, carbonate, diethyl carbonate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, and triflate. The metal salt (A) is dissolved in a mixture of water and triethylene glycol and metal salt (B) is dissolved in triethylene glycol. Preferred Property: The pH of solution comprising metal salt (A) is adjusted with aqueous polyprotic acid which is phosphoric acid and pH of reaction mixture is adjusted with sulfuric acid. The morphology is chosen from nanoparticles, nanobelts, nanocubes and nanoprism. The nanostructures have diameter of less than 100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The glass sheet is ultrasonically-cleaned using sodium hydroxide solution, hydrochloric acid solution, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, during preparation of micro/nano two-array structure thin-film solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of ceramic, mica, high-polymer plastic, metal sheet, silicon sheet and/or glass. The back electrode is made of stainless steel sheet, molybdenum, aluminum, gold, copper, nano indium-tin oxide, silver, tungsten, nickel and/or titanium. The n-type semiconductor layer is made of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, indium selenide, indium sulfide, indium-zinc selenide, tin oxide and/or tin disulfide. The metal grid electrode is made of aluminum, gold, copper, tungsten-aluminum alloy, indium-tin oxide conductive glass, silver, tungsten, nickel and/or titanium. The window layer is made of aluminum, indium-tin oxide or graphene. Preferred Process: The copper sheet as substrate is ultrasonically-cleaned using alcohol, acetone and deionized water, during preparation of micro/nano two-array structure thin-film solar cell. The nickel sheet as substrate is ultrasonically-cleaned using anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, during preparation of micro/nano two-array structure thin-film solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polystyrene plastic as substrate is ultrasonically-cleaned using anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, during preparation of micro/nano two-array structure thin-film solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lead-acid battery electrolyte comprises 1.2 g sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.5 g polyaspartic acid sodium salt, 1.5 g sodium tetraborate, 0.3 g stannous sulfate, 34 g sulfuric acid and 61.5 g pure water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium ion-containing compound is soluble lithium salt or hydroxide. The phosphorus-containing material is phosphoric acid or soluble phosphate. The molar ration of lithium ion and phosphorus ion is 3.3:1. The protective atmosphere is argon atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is mixture comprising water and ethylene glycol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol. The organic precursor comprises glucose, sucrose, starch and cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate. The low temperature molten salt is methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and Mmethyl-N-propylpyrrolidiniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modified polyolefin layer comprises graft modified polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The touch electrode layer is a double-sided indium tin oxide structure-touch electrode layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protective layer is formed with thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin. The protective layer contains the polymer electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The framework material is a structured packing, preferably a felt, a fleece, a fabric, a knitted fabric or a scrim based respectively based on graphite or carbon fibers, preferably graphite felt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbonizable matrix material is a polymer. The polymer is a phenol resin, a resin based on furan or furfuryl or a resin based on pitch. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The piezoelectric film is made of polyvinylidene fluoride and cyanidation vinyliden.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastic raw material is selected from silicone rubber, natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The TCO film comprises indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc-oxide, boron-doped zinc-oxide, gallium-doped zinc-oxide and indium-doped cadmium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Arrangement: The solar cell further contains an electron-carrying layer between a cathode and a photoelectric converting layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric converting layer contains a layer containing sulfide of 15-group element periodic table, and a layer containing organic semiconductor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic semiconductor is a conjugated polymer having weight average molecular weight of 10000-1 million and having thiophene structure, para-phenylene vinylene skeleton, vinylcarbazole skeleton, aniline skeleton, acetylene skeleton, pyrrole skeleton, perylene skeleton, fluorene structure, indoline skeleton, spiro-bifluorene, phthalocyanine structure and/or porphyrin skeleton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The laminate material is made of polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and second semiconductor layers are formed of poly silicon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cylindrical torque tube is made of hallow structured steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum paste further comprises dispersant(s), metal oxide(s), metal organic additive(s), adhesion promoting agent(s) and thixotropic agent(s). The glass frit is chosen from boron trioxide, bismuth dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, alumina and/or barium oxide. The metal organic additive(s) is chosen from organics of boron, zinc, vanadium, barium, strontium and/or aluminum. The pigment comprises cobalt aluminate (CoO.Al2O3). The pigment is chosen from Shepherd Blue 214 and/or 30C591.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal organic additive is trimethyl borate. The dispersant is fatty acid. The paste further comprise organic medium containing compound(s) chosen from straight or branched chain fatty alcohol, straight or branched chain fatty acid, and acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyethylene (PE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). The primer layer and upper and lower layers of the multi-layered structure are made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyolefin, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), linear high density polyethylene (LHDPE), acryl copolymers or polyurethanes and acryl terpolymer grafted with maleic anhydride. The intermediate layer of the multi-layered structure is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base material layer and the aluminum foil are attached through urethane type adhesive agent. The laminated structure further comprises a thin-film coating layer (14) comprising a water-soluble resin or a copolymer resin which is laminated on at least the innermost layer face of the aluminum foil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substance is formed by crosslinking the metal fluoride or its derivative(s) with resin containing the hydroxyl group, or its copolymer resin, where the substance passivates the surface of aluminum. The thin coating layer is formed on surface of the lead-out portion by printing a patterned shape. The thin coating layer formed on surface of the lead-out portion is waterproofed, and exhibits crosslinking or becomes amorphous on being heat processed. The thin coating layer and sealant layer are formed by thermobonding after being laminated until both adhesive strength becomes at least 10 N/inch or more, and then is heat-processed or stored at room temperature. The thickness of the sealant layer is 50-300 mu m. The thickness of the thin coating layer is 0.01-1 mu m. The de-lamination strength of the thin coating layer and the sealant layer laminated on it has tearing-off rate of 10 N/inch or more when measured, based on JIS C6471.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive polymer is a polymer of the thiophene compound, pyrrole compound and aniline compound representing hydrogen atom, C1-C8 alkyl group, C1-C4 alkoxy group, C6 or C8 aryl group, carboxyl group, ester group, aldehyde group, hydroxyl group, halogen atom, cyano group, amino group, nitro group, azo, sulfo group, or sulfonyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive is a dynamic viscosity of 200CP ethyl cellulose, dynamic viscosity of 300CP diethylene butyl ether mixture at the weight ratio of (4-20%): (2-10%): (70-90%). The diluent is a mixture of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and-terpineol and both formed in a weight ratio of (50-70%): (30-50%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is chosen from 16 lithium salts e.g. lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium hexafluroantimonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of lithium dicyanamide is 0.1-10 wt.% of total weight of electrolyte. The sultone compound of formula (I) is propenesultone. The content of sultone compound is 0.1-10 wt.% with respect to total weight of electrolyte. The weight ratio of lithium dicyanamide and sultone compound is 1:30-2:1. The electrolyte further includes organic solvent and lithium salt. The organic solvent is chosen from ester solvent, ether solvent, ketone solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, alkoxyalkane solvent and carbonate solvent, and contains organic solvent having high dielectric constant and organic solvent having low viscosity in volume ratio of 2:8-8:2. The organic solvent having high dielectric constant is chosen from ethylene carbonate and polypropylene carbonate. The organic solvent having low viscosity is chosen from methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The volume ratio of ethylene carbonate or polypropylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate is 5:1:1-2:5:3.X=1-10C alkylene, 2-10C alkenediyl (both optionally substituted) or single bond;andR1-R4=H, 1-10C alkyl, 3-30C cycloalkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, halo, 1-10C haloalkyl or 6-30C aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The spinel anode contains lithium compound of formula: LiNixMyMn2-xyO4. The content of boron-containing compound (I) or (II) is 0.01-3 wt.% total content of the electrolyte. The lithium secondary battery further includes protective covering layer containing boron-containing compound (I).M=transition metal;x=0.2-0.5;andy=0-0.3.Preferred Property: The lithium secondary battery has discharge capacity persistency rate of 85% or more even after charged/discharged for 80 times at 60 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is chosen from 13 lithium salts e.g. lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate and lithium perchlorate. The cathode contains lithium metal and/or lithium alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent includes carbonate-based organic solvent, fluorine-containing organic solvent and ether group-containing linear or cyclic organic solvent. The carbonate-based organic solvent is chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate and butylene carbonate. The linear or cyclic organic solvent includes dibuthyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and/or tetrahydrofuran. The fluorine-containing organic solvent contains monofluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate and/or fluoropropylene carbonate. The content of fluorine-containing organic solvent is 5-60 vol.% of total content of the organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solar cell comprises functional group and cationic group that reduces surface energy of the ionic organic compound contained in the cathode buffer layer. The functional group reducing the surface energy of the ionic organic compound is a fluorine group or nonpolar group. The fluorine group comprises alkyl group and/or poly fluorine oxide group. The fluorine group contains -CF2O(CF2CF2O)m(CF2O)nCF2- group. The cationic group is -NR4R1-. The functional group and the cationic group are respectively included within main chain of the ion organic compound, and are combined with the terminal or side chain of the compound. The functional group and the cationic group are bonded together by a water-insoluble linkage. A weight average molecular weight of the ionic organic compound is greater than 500%. The cathode buffer layer includes 0.01-10 wt.% of ion organic compound and 90-99.99 wt.% of hole transport material. The cathode buffer layer has thickness of 20-80 nm. A water contact angle of the cathode buffer layer containing the ionic organic compound is 200-572% higher than the water contact angle of the cathode buffer layer that does not containing the ionic organic compound.R = H, alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted);R1 = AcO, COO, SO3, NO3 and HCO3; andm, n = 0-30.Preferred Method: The ionic organic compound is coated on the cathode buffer layer using aqueous dispersion coating. The ionic organic compound is diluted with water or alcohol, before coating step. The moisture content of the ionic organic compound is less than 3.5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The linking group comprises polyurethane, acrylic polymer or ethylene-based polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is terpineol, butyl carbitol and terpineol. The dispersing agent is trimeric sodium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing is of formula (I). The nitrogen-containing comprises a thio choline residue, and halide ions. The sealing agent is an epoxy resin-type sealing compound. The semiconductor-containing layer comprises fine particles of titanium oxide or composite titanium oxide. The organic dye is non-ruthenium dye of formula (II).R1-R6=1-10C aliphatic-hydrocarbyl residue, arly residue or heterocyclic residue (all optionally substituted by halo, alkoxy, ester, acyl, amino, amide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cyano, isocyano, nitro, nitroso, hydroxy, phosphate ester, sulfinyl, or sulfonyl);n=1-6;Y'=monovalent anion;A1,A2=H, halocarboxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, acyl, nitro, cyclic hydrocarbon residue, heterocyclic residue, amino, hydroxy or alkyl;X=aromatic-hydrocarbyl residue, heterocyclic residue or amino;andm=1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent electrode is selected from the group consisting of the fluorine tin oxide (FTO), the indium-tin-oxide (ITO), aluminum Zno (AZO) and antimony tin oxide (ATO). The dye active layer is comprised with oxide selected from the group of titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), tungsten (W) and zirconium (Zr). The counter electrode layer is comprised with metal selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), tungsten (W) and zirconium (Zr).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is selected from a group containing poly ethylene terephalate (PET), poly ethylene naphthelate (PEN), poly carbonate (PC), poly propylene (PP), poly imide (PI) and tri acetyl cellulose (TAC).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hole injection layer contains conductive material chosen from carbon nanotubes, graphene, silver nanowire, silver powder, copper nanowire, copper powder, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide and aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The electron extract layer includes quantum dot material. The quantum dot material is chosen from 12 compounds e.g. cadmium telluride, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide and copper indium sulfide. The photoactive layer comprises nanoparticles chose from zinc oxide and titanium oxide, and quantum dot material. The electron injection layer contains electron injection material chosen from silver, copper, gold, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, lithium and cesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The optical transmission fiber is chosen from 12 compounds e.g. polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, polyether imide and polyethylenenaphthalete. The hole injection layer contains polymeric resin chosen from ethylcellulose, carbonylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and polyethylene glycol. The hole transport material contains hole transfer material chosen from 20 compounds e.g. poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), polyaniline, poly(t-butyl)diphenyl acetylene, poly(trifluoromethyl)diphenyl acetylene and poly(trimethylsilyl)phenyl acetylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The chiral inorganic mesoporous material is silicon dioxide and/or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The flame retardant comprises phosphorus flame retardant and nitrogen flame retardant in a weight ratio of 2-4:1. The phosphorus flame retardant is phosphate flame retardant and/or ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant. The nitrogen flame retardant is melamine flame retardant and/or dicyandiamide flame retardant. The antioxidant comprises main antioxidant and additional antioxidant in a weight ratio of 3:1. The main antioxidant is octadecyl (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, and/or 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol). The additional antioxidant is tris(1,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphate, and/or bis(octadecyl)pentaerythritol diphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The functional masterbatch comprises 70-90 wt.% polyphenylene ether resin, polystyrene resin, polyolefin, and/or elastomer, 3-8 wt.% chiral mesoporous conductive material, 4-10 wt.% lubricant, and 3-15 wt.% chiral inorganic mesoporous material. The chiral mesoporous conductive material is polyaniline and/or polypyrrole. The lubricant is silicone oil or stearic acid. The polyphenylene ether resin is polymer of 2,6-dimethylphenol, and/or copolymer of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, having a limiting viscosity of 0.2-0.6 dl/g. The polystyrene resin is polystyrene and/or high-impact polystyrene. The polyolefin is polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polybutene, ethylene-butylene copolymer, and/or ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ion-conductor thin film contains polymers of polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethacrylate, or tripropyleneglycol diacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte salt is a lithium salt, preferably lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide), lithium perchlorate, lithium tri-fluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexa-fluorophosphate and/or lithium tetra-fluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (P1) has co-continuous phase separation morphology. The polymer electrolyte material has co-continuous separation morphology. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic layer comprises gold, silver, chromium, and/or aluminum. The semiconducting metal oxide comprises zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. The metallic substrate comprises carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, tin, or titanium. Thin semiconducting metal oxides include nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, and vanadium (V) oxide. The metallic bus bar structure comprises silver, aluminum, tin, nickel or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dopant comprises dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, a fluorosurfactant, and an ionic liquid such as a 1, 3-alkylimidazoliumborate. The doped organic or polymeric materials include N,N'-bis(l-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-l,r-biphenyl- 4,4'-diamine (alpha-NPD) and a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) or polyaniline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer material comprises polyimide. The layer adjacent to the current collector structure comprises high conductivity doped poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS). The active layer comprises a polymer donor-acceptor blend such as poly(3- hexylthiophene) and (6,6)phenyl-C61 -butyric acid methyl ester in a weight ratio of 5:1-1:5. The translucent hole transport layer comprises PEDOT:PSS.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Layer of cathode is made from metal chosen from calcium, aluminum, ytterbium and magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Optically transparent polymer is chosen from polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polysulfone and polyethersulfone. Amount of lumiphor in polymer photoluminescent substrate is 0.01-3%. Photoelectrically active layer consists of a mixture of semiconductor polymer with small width of forbidden area and dissoluble deriving fullerene. Layer of anode is made from high-conductivity complex of polyethylenedioxythiophene with polystyrol sulfoacid. Preferred Definitions:    R=hexyl;    Ar,Q=thienyl-2,5-diyl;    X=1,3-benzothiodiazole-4,7-diyl;    l,m=1;    k=2; and    n=3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Component (A) is a cellulose, preferably 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl oxyradical (TEMPO) oxycellulose. Amount of component (B) is 0.1-10 mass% with respect to 100 mass% base-material protective layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate and/or 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane. Tackifier is vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane and/or vinyl tris(2-methoxyethoxy) silane. Antioxidant is tris-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-pheny)-phosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4-biphenyldiphosphonite, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate and/or pentaerythritol tetra ( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Potential induced degradation resistant solar cell module packaging film comprises 100 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, 0.8-1.5 pts. wt. peroxide crosslinking agent, 0.2-1 pt. wt. thickener, 0.01-0.5 pt. wt. antioxidant and 0.05-0.5 pt. wt. modifier. Ethylene-vinyl acetate resin includes 25-30% vinyl acetate. Preferred Method: Mixing is done at 60-200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The precursor solution is prepared by mixing 0.05-0.2 mol/L tetraamminezinc(II) ion and ammonium hydroxide, filtering, washing precipitate, mixing water and methanol, dispersing zinc hydroxide precipitate, adding ammonium hydroxide, dissolving, adjusting pH to 10-12. Thin film deposition comprises taking polyethylene terephthalate or poly(methyl methacrylate) as substrate, putting into movable heating table, heating at 130-200 degrees C, atomizing, moving heating platform, opening compressed air nozzle, placing front drive liquid into conical bottle, accessing conical bottle and nozzle at precursor liquid flow quantity of 0.5-5 mL/minute and compressed air pressure control of 1.5-5 atm, spraying, and depositing at rate of 2-10 nm/minute. Preparation of low temperature zinc oxide electronic thin films further comprises hot processing. Hot processing comprises heating at 200-250 degrees C for 2 hours, vacuuming under 10-3 to 10-2 Pa, heating at 400-800 degrees C for 2 hours, and cooling.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: A plastic filter element is arranged in the feed, which is encapsulated by plastic. The plastic filter elements are similarly formed in the outlet and in the inlet. The plastic of the plastic filter element and the plastic of the housing have at least approximately the same melting point. The plastic material of the housing is added to marginal pores of the plastic filter element. The edge portions of the plastic filter element are fused by the injection of the plastic material of the housing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Unit: All the units used in the manufacture process include unit for vibration.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene sheet composition comprises 15% or less graphene sheet layers. The negative electrode active material further includes metal particles, and in which occlusion and detachment of lithium ion is possible. The metal particles contain aluminum, silicon and tin. Preferred Process: All the processes are carried out, while applying vibration. The frequency of repeating the processes continuously and/or discontinuously is 10-100 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene terephthalate and/or polycarbonate is 2/1-4/1. The brominated acryl flame retardant is poly pentabromo benzyl acrylate. The length/breadth ratio is 2-4. The glass fiber has flat cross section. The thermoplastic resin composition further contains elastomer. The elastomer is olefin-type elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The agent (A) further contains catalyst and/or adhesion-improving agent. The agent (B) further contains antioxidant and/or reactive inhibitor. The compound (a) contains a silicone compound of formula: (R2)nSi(Y2)4-n (I) and a silicone compound of formula: Si(Y3)4 (II). The compound (b) contains a silazane compound of formula: (R4Si(Y5)2)2O (III). The amount of compound (b) contained in the adhesive composition is 5-45 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. compound (a). The amount of catalyst contained in the agent (A) is 0.0001-0.5 moles with respect to 1 mol compound (a). The amount of adhesion-improving agent contained in the agent (A) is 1-15 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. compound (a). The amount of antioxidant and/or reactive inhibitor contained in the agent (B) is 0.0001-0.5 moles with respect to 1 mol compound (b). Preferred Process: A silicone compound of formula: HnSi(Y6)4-n (IV) is obtained by carrying out hydrolysis-condensation reaction of the silicon compounds contained in the compound (a).R2,R4=2-10C alkenyl;Y2,Y3,Y5,Y6=halo or 1-10C alkoxy;andn=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal grid is formed using silver, copper, gold, nickel, chromium, aluminum, platinum or their alloys. Preferred Properties: The metal grid has thickness (T) of 10-200 mu m, and line width (P) of 50-150 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic thin-film device further has an insulating layer (40) formed using silica, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, nonconducting polymer or insulating tape. The membranous polymer electrode is formed using conducting polymer comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate). Preferred Property: The membranous polymers electrode has thickness of 80-200 nm. The insulating layer has thickness (A) of 1-20 mu m and line width (B) of 50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate layer further contains at least one crosslinking agent chosen from isocyanate crosslinking agent, oxazoline crosslinking agent, carbodiimide crosslinking agent and aziridine crosslinking agent. The fluorine resin contains a polymerization unit derived from a compound chosen from vinylidene fluoride, vinyl fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoro propylene, chlorotrifluoro ethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoro propylene isobutylene, perfluorobutyl ethylene, perfluoro methyl vinyl ether, perfluoro ethyl vinyl ether, perfluoro propyl vinyl ether, perfluorohexyl vinyl ether, perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane and perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, and polymerization unit derived from comonomer chosen from fluorinated olefin, fluorinated alkyl vinyl ether, perfluoro-2,2-dialkyl-1,3-dioxole and perfluoro-2-alkylene-4-alkyl-1,3-dioxolane, poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(vinyl fluoride).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The water-dispersible binder is chosen from polyurethane, silane-modified polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, polyurea, polyamide, polyolefin, polyvinyl acetate, polyether, alkyd resin, urethane-acrylate copolymer, vinyl-urethane copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, silicone-acryl-urethane copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and acrylic-modified polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid precursor consists of monomers, polymers, and oligomers of silicon and hydrogen, and is silane, oligosilane and/or polysilane with linear, branched, or particulate structures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The backbone copolymer has two types of repeating units, where one of the repeating units is not a polyolefin. The polyolefin repeating unit is one of polypropylene (preferred), polyethylene, poly-1-butene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and/or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer. The repeating unit: has a reactive group comprising epoxide, glycidyl, carboxylic acid, anhydride and/or hydroxy; and is polyglycidyl methacrylate. The crystallizable side chain is one of polyethers with hydroxy end groups, fatty alcohols, fatty acids and/or fatty amines, preferably polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 4000. The copolymer is poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate), and polyethylene glycol is the crystallizable side chain. The solid/solid phase change material: experiences a phase change at 40-70 degrees C; has a latent heat of phase change of at least 40 kJ/kg; and is a polyethylene/poly ethylene glycol graft copolymer. The backbone copolymer has both a polyethylene repeating unit and a polyglycidyl methacrylate repeating unit. The crystallizable side chain is polyethylene glycol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder is alkali metal silicate(s), preferably lithium silicate and/or potassium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The phase change material-containing composition is coated at the back surface of the to-be-processed components or photovoltaic cells. The coated surfaces are made of glass, metal or plastics, and are smooth and textured. The phase change material is polyalkylene waxes or paraffin waxes, or acrylate or silicate-encapsulated paraffin or polyalkylene. The phase change material-containing composition further comprises additional binder chosen from acrylic resin and silicone resin, and additives (C) chosen from defoamers, rheology modifiers, fibers, stabilizers, water repellents, silicate curing agents, metal powders, color pigments and fillers. The content of encapsulated phase change material (A), binder (B) and additives (C) in the composition is 20-60 wt.%, 15-70 wt.%, and 0-10 wt.%, respectively. Preferred Property: The encapsulated phase change material has particle size of 1-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The front plate and/or rear plate (2) have a thickness of 1-10 mm, preferably 2-5 mm, and contain non-biased, partially tempered, toughened or tempered glass, preferably soda-lime glass, low iron soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The contact hole lies within the contact area and has a diameter of 1-20 mm, preferably 4-6 mm. The junction box is attached to the front plate and/or rear plate via contact counter part. The busbars contain tungsten, copper, nickel, manganese, aluminum, gold, silver, chromium, iron and/or their alloys. The busbar is electrically conductively connected to the photovoltaic layer system via at least one welded point. The photovoltaic layer system comprises at least one photovoltaically active absorber layer between a front electrode layer and a back electrode layer, where the photovoltaically active absorber layer has at least copper-indium(gallium)sulfur or selenium. A counter-holder has a thermal insulation in the region of the collecting guide. The contact element is fixed in the contact hole by a sealing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The contact element is fixed in the contact hole by a sealing agent, comprising polyisobutylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene, isoprene, polysulfide, polyurethane, silicone and/or their copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ketene-imine compound is of formula (II), (III) or R1-C(=C=N=R3)-R2 (I). The carbodiimide compound is cyclic carbodiimide compound containing carbodiimide group having ring skeleton, and cyclic structure in which primary nitrogen and secondary nitrogen are bonded with bonding group in a molecule.R1,R2=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl or aryloxy carbonyl;R3=alkyl or aryl;R6=L1 as substituent, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl or aryloxy carbonyl;L1=n-valent coupling group;n=1-4, preferably 3 or 4;R5=R1;R8=R3;R6,R7=L2 as substituent, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl or aryloxy carbonyl;andL2=single bond or divalent connecting group.Preferred Property: The molecular weight of the portion except the substituent bonded with the nitrogen atom of ketene-imine compound is 320 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The average acid value of polyester film is 1-20 equivalent/tons, in which fluctuation of acid value is 5-30%. The difference of intrinsic viscosity of primary polyester having high intrinsic viscosity with respect to secondary polyester having low intrinsic viscosity is 0.01-0.1 g/dl. Preferred Composition: The polyester film comprises at least 2-type of polyesters having different intrinsic viscosities. The content of secondary polyester with respect to the total content of polyester in the polyester film is 5-50 %mass. Preferred Process: The polyester film is obtained by mixing polyester, and carbodiimide compound or ketene-imine compound, in which the fluctuation feed rate of carbodiimide compound or ketene-imine compound is 1-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The platinum nanoparticles have diameter of 2-20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The photovoltaic shelter is configured as a single package solution based on Ingress Protection (IP) rating IP54 standard to provide protection from sand, dust, heat, sun and rain water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon fine powder is carbon allotrope having graphene structure. The composite material further contains silicon dioxide. The surface of the composite material is coated by carbon. The electrode active material contains particles having average particle diameter of 1-50 mm. The lithium compound is chosen from lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitride, lithium alkoxide, lithium carboxylate, acetylacetone lithium salt, lithium ethyl acetoxy acetate, lithium carbonate and/or lithium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The crosslinkable group-containing organic compound (A) is organopolysiloxane having aromatic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A thiol-containing compound of formula (II) and bromine-containing compound of formula (III) are added into solvent in the mol ratio of 1:1-1.5:1, and refluxed at 60-120 degrees C for 12-72 hours in presence of catalyst under aerobic environment, to obtain benzo dithiophene copolymer (I). Preferred Definitions:    n=8-60;    R 1=H, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, hexadecyl, or methyl;    R 2=H, amyl, propyl, dodecyl, or methyl;    R 3=H, methyl, 3-methyl thienyl, dodecyl, 14-alkoxy, octyloxy, 2-methyl thienyl, methoxy, 16-alkoxy, or hexyl;and    R 4=methyl, H, 3-methyl thienyl, ethoxy, or octyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon-type solvent is chosen from 1-dodecene and 1-tetradecene. The acetate-type solvent is 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butyl acetate or dipropylene glycol methyl-ether acetate. The solubilizer is surfactant, glycol-type solvent or an alcohol solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active hydrogen group in ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated compound (a2) is hydroxyl group. The component (B) is polyisocyanate. Polyisocyanate is polyisocyanate compound of aliphatic and/or polyisocyanate compound of alicyclic. The equivalence ratio of the active hydrogen group contained in component (A) and the reactive functional group contained in component (B) is 0.2-10. The resin composition further comprises 0.1-5 pts. wt. silane coupling agent with respect to 100 pts. wt. copolymer (A). The component (a3) comprises 0.1-50 wt.% ( alpha ),( beta )-unsaturated compounds having cyclic structure having 2 or more rings. Preferred Properties: The copolymer has number average molecular weight of 1000-500000 and molecular weight distribution of 2-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The organic solvent has boiling point of 100-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The (meth)acrylic resin is polyisobutyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic filler is 50-98 %mass with respect to content of the resin particles. The inorganic filler is magnesium hydroxide or magnesium oxide. The heat resistant porous layer is a separator for non-aqueous secondary battery, and further comprises thickener. Preferred Properties: The inorganic filler has critical pigment volume concentration of 20-80 vol.%. The separator has peeling strength between heat resistant porous layer and the adhesive porous layer of 0.05 N/cm or more. The heat resistant porous layer has porosity of 30-70% porosity of adhesive porous layer. The inorganic filler has critical pigment volume concentration 20-70 vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin particles are particles of polyvinylidene fluoride-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon fiber has a length of 1-10 mm and a diameter of 3-10 mu m. The polymer nanofiber has a length of 5-500 mu m and a diameter of 10-900 nm. The web comprises 1-10 wt.% of polymers nanofiber, and has a thickness of 40-400 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The mixed melt is formed in an extruder (50). In the method, an olefin monomer capable of graft polymerization onto polyethylene is added to the polymer component with the radical initiator. The radical initiator is added to the extruder. Preferred Components: The post-consumer polymers are present in an amount of 100%. The article further comprises up to 20 wt.% of at least one post-consumer polymer including polyethylene, polypropylene and low density polyethylene. The article comprises a fiber component with a minimum length of 0.1 mm. The fiber component comprises fiber glass or thermoplastic coated fiber glass. The thermoplastic-coated fiber glass component is present in an amount of 10-100 wt.%. The fiber glass component is: fiber glass-reinforced high-density polyethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene and/or low density polyethylene; and present in an amount of 50-75 wt.%. The third polymer layer is a polymer foam layer. The extruder is a single screw compounding extruder or a twin screw extruder. The free radical initiator is an organic peroxide including dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide and di-tert-butyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating is crosslinked after the pattern is applied. The backsheet has a transparency to visible light of at least 80% visible light transmittance. The patterned coating has a haze value of at least 30%. The light passing through the backsheet is at least 90%, preferably 100% diffused. The substrate film: is an unlaminated film; and comprises polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene naphthalate film, polycarbonate or fluoroplastic film. The coating comprises: a polymeric resin with at least one hydroxy, carboxy, or amine functional group; polyester resin, acrylic resin and/or polyurethane; a high molecular weight polyester resin with at least one acid and one hydroxy functional group; a fluoropolymer resin; a fluoropolymer resin of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene copolymer; and a fluoropolymer resin of chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinyl ether copolymer. The coating further comprises: a crosslinking agent comprising isocyanate and/or aziridine; and at least one additional additive comprising leveling agents, catalysts, UV blocking agents and/or UV stabilizers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive sheet: is a single layer; and comprises at least a support layer between two adhesive layers of which at least one of the adhesive layers is a plasticizer-containing adhesive layer. The plasticizer-containing adhesive layer is present in contact with the rigid transparent substrate. The adhesive mass of the plasticizer-containing adhesive layer is a synthetic rubber mass or an acrylate mass. The reactive plasticizer is epoxy based or acrylate-based, and is added with at least one photoinitiator. Preferred Process: The laminate is obtainable by curing the adhesive sheet. The process further comprises an autoclaving step. The process comprises curing the adhesive sheet by reacting the reactive plasticizer. The first and second laminating steps are carried out: without heating step; and at room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit comprises 5-30 wt.% silicon dioxide, 50-90 wt.% lead oxide, 0.1-10 wt.% aluminum oxide, 0.1-10 wt.% zirconium dioxide, 0.1-10 wt.% zinc oxide and 0.1-10 wt.% lithium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reflection barrier layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride, zinc sulfide, titanium dioxide and/or cerium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal of metal powder in conductive paste composition is silver, gold, aluminum, nickel, platinum, copper or their alloys, preferably silver. The metal powder has an average particle diameter (d50) of 0.5-4 mu m. The conductive layer (A) comprises metal particles (a1). The metal of metal particles (a1) is chosen from nickel, titanium, cobalt, platinum, palladium, molybdenum, chromium, copper, tungsten and their alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from alpha -terpinol, butylcarbitol acetate, texanol, butyl carbitol and dipropylene glycol monmethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidation-reduction derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide and potassium iodide. The electrolyte further includes 0.05-5 M t-butylpyridine. The transparent electrode contains fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-tin-oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide and antimony tin oxide. The semiconductor oxide comprises metal chosen from titanium, zinc, silicone, tin, tungsten and zirconium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of oxidation-reduction derivative, content of ionic liquid and content of light-sensitive agent is 0.01-0.5 M, 0.1-10 M and 0.1-10 mM, respectively with respect to organic solvents. The organic solvent is chosen from ethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, 3-methoxy propionitrile and valeronitrile. The ionic liquid is chosen from 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium iodide, 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium iodide and 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium iodide. The photoactive compound is ruthenium-based organic-metal compound. The organic-metal compound is cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2-bipyridyl-4,4-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) bis (tetrabutylammonium).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is polymer substrate containing polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The colloidal crystal layer is made of polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene/polydivinylbenzene, polyamide and poly (butyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first and second transition metal oxide layers includes oxide semiconductor of the metal selected from titanium, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium , molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium and gallium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The colloidal particle of the colloidal crystal layer contains polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene/polydivinylbenzene, polyamide and poly butyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solar cell further comprises an auxiliary layer made of conducting polymer, metallic carbon nanotube, graphene, reduced graphene oxide, metal nano wire, metal grid, carbon nanodot, semiconductor nanowire and a metal nanodot.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer comprises polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polystyrene, sulfonated polystyrene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), self-doped conducting polymers, and their derivatives. The conductive polymer and the fluorinated polymer are uniformly mixed in a single layer. The conductive polymer further includes carbon nanotube, graphene, reduced graphene oxide, metal nano wire, metal carbon nano dot, semiconductor quantum dot, and semiconductor nanowire.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The second polymer is polyamide or its mixture, epoxy, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyphenylene ether and polycarbonate, and comprises fluoropolymer that is ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer. The first exterior layer comprises 65 wt.% of polypropylene polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ether is selected from benzoin ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin butyl ether, benzoin ether, and the ketone is selected from benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-methyl-phenyl-propan-1-one, and isopropyl thioxanthone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth oxide is cerite, monazite, bastnasite, loparite, orthite, gadolinite, xenotime, or euxenite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: During refinement process, an absorber is added. Preferred Composition: The absorber is chosen from rare-earth oxide, zeolite, activated carbon, chitosan and chitin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The number-average particle size and aspect-ratio of scale-like glass (B) is 100-2000 mu m and 15 or more, respectively. The absolute value of difference of refractive index of acrylic resin mixture (A) and refractive index of scale-like glass (B) is 0.08 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit is bismuth oxide-aluminum oxide-boron trioxide-silicon dioxide-tantalum pentoxide glass frit. The content of bismuth oxide, aluminum oxide, boron trioxide, silicon dioxide and tantalum pentoxide is 20-40 wt.%, 5-20 wt.%, 10-35 wt.%, 10-20 wt.% and 0.1-10 wt.%, respectively. The aluminum paste composition comprises 20-35 wt.% organic vehicle, 60-78 wt.% aluminum powder, and 0.01-10 wt.% tantalum pentoxide-bismuth oxide-based lead-free glass frit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic vehicle comprises 1-25 wt.% polymer resin and 75-99 wt.% organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The planar heat generating sheet comprises 20-80 pts.wt. of binder. The sheet has resistance of 130-20000 Omega /square.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises ultrasonic treating the surface of the carbon nanotube at 45000-80000 J, and reacting amine compound with carbon nanotube at 60-100 degrees C for 2-12 hours. The acid treatment is carried out using an acid solution that is present in an amount of 10-60 wt.% and carried out at a temperature of 20-60 degrees C. Preferred Components: The carbon nanotube has Raman analysis value of 1-1.2, purity of 95-100%, average diameter of 10-15 nm, length of 9-11 mu m, and average aspect ratio of 800-1600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium ion bi-cell is applied to batteries including lead acid, nickel metal hydride, nickel-cadmium and polymer-based molten salt. The anode contains graphite-based intercalation material. The cathode contains cathode active material including layered oxides containing lithium nickel oxide, lithium cobalt oxide or their dopant variants, or manganese spinel oxide, metal-ion-doped manganese spinel, or orthorhombic iron phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The inorganic electrolyte has oxidation potential of 5-5.2 V. Preferred Composition: The inorganic electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The rudder is formed as streamlined or polygonal type plate at lower surface of the body. The first mesh network and the second mesh network are made of gold, silver, platinum, iron, titanium, copper, aluminum or graphite, or by coating platinum on surface of gold, silver, platinum, iron, titanium, copper, aluminum or graphite. The collecting part has: a hydrogen collecting box for collecting hydrogen generated from the first mesh network, located on upper side of the anion exchange resin and the first mesh network; a tap for transferring collected hydrogen formed at upper surface of the hydrogen collecting box; oxygen collecting box for collecting oxygen generated from the second mesh network, located on upper side of the cation exchange resin and the second mesh network; and a tap for transferring collected oxygen formed at upper surface of the oxygen collecting box. The device further comprises hydrogen branching pipes coupled to the tap for transferring hydrogen, and hydrogen transferring pipe coupled to the hydrogen branching pipes, where at least two devices are installed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Properties: The distance between target and vibration probe is 1-10 cm. The vibration probe has amplitude of 2-30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Silicone oil as nonaqueous gel is interposed between target and vibration probe. The electrolyte has viscosity of 1-4 cps.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fullerene compound is a 60C fullerene compound or a 70C fullerene compound or their derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of polymer (I) involves performing Stille or Suzuki polycondensation reactions to link the monomers together thus forming the conjugated polymer. Preferred Polymer: The polymer (I) is selected from 4 polymers as given in specification e.g. polymer of formula (II). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode comprises an anode material selected from zinc, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, lithium, conducting polymers, iron, nickel, and/or metal oxides. The cathode comprises a cathode material selected from copper, carbon, silver, metal oxides, conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphite, and/or graphene. The electrolyte is selected from a salt, an acid, and a base. The salt is selected from ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, sodium hydrogen sulfate, potassium hydrogen sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, and/or potassium carbonate. The base is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and/or lithium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - The detection event device comprises an actuator, an alarm device, a switch, a signal transmitter, a transponder, a receiver, a transceiver, and/or a radio-frequency identification device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The acid is selected from citric acid, glutaric acid, lactic acid, boric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, amino acids, and/or sulfonic acids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The hydrophilic polymer is selected from polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polymethacrylamide, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose or modified cellulose, collagen or modified collagen, polysaccharide, modified polysaccharide, polynucleotide, and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-metal wires comprise silver, copper, nickel, and/or gold. The nano-metal wires have an aspect ratio of 100-2000. The dispersant comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and/or poly(styrene sulfonate). The base coating comprises silicate, hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate, phosphate and/or sulfide. The base coating is: an oxide comprising silicon oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, indium oxide, antimony oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide and/or dopants; and a silicate comprising smectite clay, vermiculite, halloysite, sericite, saponite or mica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is a thiophene-containing dispersant comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or a mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrenesulfonate). The solvent comprises water, alcohol and/or ketone. The adhesion promoter comprises tetramethyloxysilane, tetraethoxysilane and/or tetrapropyloxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive ink composition further comprises 0.05-10 pts. wt. of wetting agent and 0.05-10 pts. wt. of adhesion promoter. Preferred Components: The nano-metal wire layer further comprises the wetting agent and the adhesion promoter. The transparent conductive film further comprises a base coating formed between the substrate and the nano-metal wire layer. The wetting agent comprises hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or octylphenoxy polyethoxy. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 2 g of silver aqueous dispersion; 0.16 g of polystyrene sulfonate, 0.5 g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution; and 0.1 g of n-propyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The jackets comprise steel, stainless steel, metal, metal alloy and multiple of strips or wire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The jackets comprise paper, card, cellulose based material, polymer based material and mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The TCO comprises a zinc oxide (ZnO)-based material, gallium-doped ZnO and/or aluminum-doped ZnO.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acceptor region of the active layer comprises a fullerene or (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butryric acid methyl ester. The HTL layer comprises p-NiO and the active layer comprises a poly(2,7-carbazole-alt-4,7-dithienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole/(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The donor region of the active layer comprises a polymer including poly(3-hexylthiophene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal ions are zinc ions. Zinc oxide has a wurtzite structure. The metal oxide film is a continuous, free-standing metal oxide film and contains greater than or equal to 1 continuous, single-crystalline zinc oxide domain characterized by a hexagonal or a rectangular lattice parameter. The metal oxide film contains zinc oxide having a Zn0.75Ox structure. The metal ions contain magnesium ions, copper ions, titanium ions, tin ions, or barium ions. Substrate is a flexible plastic substrate. Preferred Parameters: The metal oxide domain has area of greater than or equal to 0.1 mu m2. The metal oxide film has surface area of greater than or equal to 1 cm2. The metal oxide film has thickness of less than or equal to 1000 nm. Preferred Processes: The metal oxide film is transferred from aqueous solution to a substrate. The metal oxide film is lithographically patterned.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Surfactant molecules are dodecyl sulfate molecules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of the polymer compound (I) involves performing Stille or Suzuki polycondensation reaction to link the monomers of formula (M1) and formula (M2) together thus forming a conjugated polymer (I) (in which EG2 is Br), where in the case of a Stille polycondensation reaction end group EG1 is represented by stannyl residues (R)3Sn-, preferably trialkylstannyl (Alkyl)3Sn-, especially trimethylstannyl Me3Sn, and in the case of Suzuki polycondensation reaction end group EG1 is represented by boronic acid group -B(OH)2, boronic acid ester group -B(OR)2, preferably alkyl esters -B(OAlkyl)2, especially boronic acid ester groups selected from groups of formulae (ii)-(vii), or alternatively, end group EG1 in the case of a Suzuki polycondensation reaction can be represented by -BF3K, -BF3Na, -BF3Rb or -BF3Cs groups. Preferred Compound: The compound (I) is selected from 5 compounds as given in the specification, e.g. compound of formula (I').R'1 and R'2=H or F;R'3=1-12C alkyl;R'4-R'6=H or 1-20C alkyl. Preferred Definitions:    EG1 and EG2=phenyl unit.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The dye further contains tetraterpene and/or carotenoid. The tetraterpene contains lycopene, ( gamma )-carotene, ( alpha )-carotene, and/or ( beta )-carotene. The carotenoid contains neurosporene, spheroidene, lycopene, anhydrorhodovibrin, and/or spirilloxanthin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The primary conductive layer contains indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, antimony-doped tin dioxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, tin-doped indium oxide, or conductive impurity-doped titanium oxide. The regenerating composition contains iodide ions and iodine. The secondary conductive layer contains platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The primary and/or secondary substrates contain glass or flexible polymer, preferably flexible polymer. The flexible polymer is poly(ethylene terephthalate) and/or poly(ethylene naphthalate). Preferred Definitions:    M=divalent cation chosen from manganese, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The dye sensitized solar cell further comprises: a first conductive layer disposed on a first substrate; a barrier layer disposed on the first conductive layer; a titanium dioxide nanoparticulate layer disposed on the barrier layer; titanium dioxide microparticulate layer disposed on the titanium dioxide nanoparticulate layer; a dye disposed on the titanium dioxide nanoparticulate layer and/or the titanium dioxide microparticulate layer, where the dye comprises (I) or their mixtures; a second conductive layer disposed on a second substrate; and a regenerating composition disposed between the second conductive layer and the titanium dioxide microparticulate layer. In the dye sensitized solar cell, the electrolyte comprises iodide ions or iodine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, antimony doped tin dioxide, fluorine doped tin oxide, tin doped indium oxide or conductive impurity doped titanium oxide. The second conductive layer comprises platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and/or second substrate comprises glass or a flexible polymer. The flexible polymer comprises poly(ethylene terephthalate) and/or poly(ethylene naphthalate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting monomers of substituted heterocyclic moiety of formula (M1) and substituted 2,5-bis(7-(5'-bromo-2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophene compounds of formula (M2) under Suzuki or Stille polycondensation reaction to form conjugated polymer (IIa) (with bromine as EG2a end group).A = not defined;EG1 = stannyl residues preferably trimethylstannyl (in Stille polycondensation reaction); andEG1 = boronic acid group, boronic acid ester, preferably bronic acid ester comprising dimethoxyboryl, bis(cycloheptyloxy)boryl, (1,3-dioxan-2-yl)boryl, (5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)boryl, (1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)boryl or (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)boryl or BF3K, -BF3Na, -BF3Rb or -BF3C (Suzuki polycondensation reaction).Preferred Components: (I) is substituted 2,5-bis(7-(2,2'-bithiophen-5-yl)benzo(c)(1,2,5)thiadiazol-4-yl)thiophene compounds of formula (II).EG1, EG2 = H (preferred), halo, trialkylstannyl, boronic acid, boronic ester, aryl or monovalent heterocyclyl, preferably H, Br or phenyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The ketenimine compound (I) is of formulae (III) or (IV).m=1-4, preferably 3 or 4;R5=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl or aryloxy carbonyl (all optionally substituted);R7,R8=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy carbonyl, aryloxy group or acyl (all optionally substituted by L2);R6=aryl or alkyl (both optionally substituted);andL2=single bond or divalent connecting group.Preferred Property: Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of partial structure ((R1-C(=C)-R4-)n-L1) is 320 or more. The molecular weight of partial structure (R1-C(=C)-R7-L2-R8-C(=C)-R5) is 320 or more. EXAMPLE - 10.2 g tetra(N(-4-methoxyphenyl(phenyl)methylene)N-phynlyamino)methane, 6 g triethyl benzylammonum chloride, 90 ml chloroform and 60 g sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were stirred at 40-45 degrees C for 1 hour. The solvent was distilled and 12.9 g tetra(2,2-dichloro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-diphenylaziridino)methane was obtained. 12.9 g compound, 39 g sodium iodide and 210 ml acetone were added and refluxed at 75 degrees C for 2 hours. Sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution was slowly added to reaction solution, stirred for 1 hour, and filtered under reduced pressure. The obtained solid was purified and 7.2 g ketenimine compound was obtained with yield of 69%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye-sensitized solar cell further comprises a first conductive layer disposed on a first substrate, a barrier layer disposed on the first conductive layer, a titanium dioxide nanoparticulate layer disposed on the barrier layer, a titanium dioxide microparticulate layer disposed on the nanoparticulate layer, a dye disposed on the nanoparticulate layer and/or the microparticulate layer, a second conductive layer disposed on a second substrate and a regenerating composition disposed between the second conductive layer and the microparticulate layer. The first conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, antimony doped tin dioxide, fluorine doped tin dioxide or tin-doped indium oxide. The regenerating composition comprises iodide ions and iodine. The second conductive layer comprises platinum. The percentage of (100) facets is 51-80%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye comprises 2-cyano-3-(5'-(1-cyano-2-(1,1,6,6-tetramethyl-10-oxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,4H,10H-11-oxa-3a-aza-benzo(de)anthracen-9-yl)-vinyl)-(2,2')bithiophenyl-5-yl)-acrylic acid, 4-oxo-5-(4-(phenyl-(4-vinyl-phenyl)-amino)-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidine-3-carboxylic acid and/or 2-cyano-3-(4-(2-(4-diphenylamino-phenyl)-vinyl)-phenyl)-acrylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and/or second substrate comprises glass or flexible polymer. The first and/or second substrate comprises a flexible polymer comprising poly(ethylene terephthalate) and/or poly(ethylene naphthalate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal is selected from a group consisting of iron, cobalt, and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base resin further includes ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The base resin contains 50-75 pts. wt. high-density polyethylene, 5-25 pts. wt. ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer and 5-25 pts. wt. ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer. The high-density polyethylene has a melt index of 6.5-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - An adhesive layer is comprised of phosphorus titanium dioxide, absolute ethyl alcohol and tetrabutyl titanate. An electrolyte is prepared using triiodide ion, iodide ion, carbon dioxide ion, cobalt (III) cobaltic, ferrous ion and ferric ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A packaging material is comprised of low-melting-point glass powder, epoxy resin, UV-curable epoxy resin or thermoplastic plastic film of sarin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The main body is made of plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The positive pressing unit comprises material selected from polypropylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, paraformaldehyde and PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hindered amine light stabilizer is piperidine derivative of formula (XI). Rare earth organic light-emitting complex is selected from rare earth doped beta -diketone ternary complexes of formulae (I-X).R=H, substituted alkyl, or substituted alkoxy;A=hindered piperidinyl auxiliary compound; andLn=rare earth element, preferably Eu or Tb.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid electrolyte comprises yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide, ytterbium-stabilized zirconia, calcium-stabilized zirconium oxide, cerium-stabilized zirconium oxide, ytterbium-stabilized zirconium oxide, scandium-stabilized zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, and/or zinc oxide. The cathode comprises noble metals including platinum or palladium in the form of a light or gas-permeable metal mesh.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Property: The channel width of the merging mixer is 0.5-2 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The core portion production process is carried out using primary mixing process (P1) in which liquid containing the carrier, the base metal element and the liquid as reducing agent are mixed using the merging mixer, secondary mixing process (P2) in which mixed liquid of primary mixing process and liquid as pH adjuster are mixed using the merging mixer, and primary aging process (P3). A hydrazine complex is obtained by primary mixing process. The shell portion formation process is carried out using tertiary mixing process (P4) in which mixed liquid of secondary mixing process and the liquid containing the precious metal element are mixed using the merging mixer, and secondary ageing process (P5). Preferred Composition: The liquid as reducing agent is hydrazine fluid. The liquid as pH adjuster is alkaline solution. The compound containing the precious metal element is salt or complex of platinum group element. The compound containing the base metal element is salt or complex of iron group element, or salt of nickel. The carrier is conductive carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is isopropanol or propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pigment is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal deactivator is benzotriazole-type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The conductive layer further consists of an electroconductive metal film containing aluminum, on the nickel layer. Preferred Property: The (111) plane orientation index (P') of nickel layer of the back surface side substrate is 1.5-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin having carboxyl group is copolymer of methacrylic acid and olefin, and/or copolymer of acrylic acid and olefin. The copolymer of methacrylic acid and olefin is ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer. The content of carboxyl group contained in resin is 2-30 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is chosen from acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, polyolefin resin and fluororesin. The adhesive agent composition further comprises 1-400 pts. wt. pigment chosen from inorganic oxide and carbon black, with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin, and an epoxy resin. The content of wax is 0.01-20 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin. The sealing agent is a composition containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Properties: The resin has number average molecular weight of 5000-50000 and glass transition temperature of 20-110 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of acrylic polyol resin is 5-40 %mass with respect to 100 %mass weather-resistant resin layer. The weather-resistant resin layer further comprises 10-60 %mass titanium oxide, 0.5-6 %mass epoxy resin, 0.5-6 %mass polycarbonate resin, and non-yellowing polyisocyanate. The resin film contains polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Ratio (SiO2:P) of phosphorus atomic mass in a composition with respect to silicon dioxide (SiO2) reduced mass of Si component contained in a composition is 99:1-50:50. Component (A) is a compound of formulae (2) or (3). Component (A) contains greater than or equal to 50 mol.% phosphorus content. The non-photosensitive composition does not contain an organic-type macromolecular component. Preferred Parameters: The pH during diluting a composition to 10 wt.% with water is 2.5-7. The non-photosensitive composition has viscosity of greater than or equal to 500 mPa.s.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive particles are silver particles and/or copper particles. The content of metal oxide is 0.1-5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass electroconductive particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable resin is epoxy resin and/or organopolysiloxane having phenyl group or vinyl group. The content of curable resin is 2-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass electroconductive particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass, ceramics, metal or polymeric material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low-melting point metal is gold, lead, cadmium, bismuth or tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pole is made of frosted polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler is chosen from calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, mica, talc, kaolin, glass microbeads and glass fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness ratio of weather-proof layer, structure reinforcement layer and reflecting layer is 20-100:40-400:20-15, preferably 30-60:150-300:20-150. Preferred Composition: The polypropylene is polypropylene homopolymer and/or polypropylene copolymer. The engineering plastic is polyamide or polyphenylene ether. The heat-resistant solar battery back plate further has connecting layer made of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, or ethylene-acrylate-maleic anhydride terpolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A nitrogen-containing bicyclic compound of formula (II) and dithiophene compound of formula (III) are reacted to obtain polymeric compound (I).X=halo;A=-Sn(R5)3;andR5=1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin comprises biphenyl epoxy resin, novolac epoxy resin, dicyclopentadienyl epoxy resin, bisphenol epoxy resin, terpene epoxy resin, aralkyl epoxy resin, naphthalene epoxy resin, and/or halogenated epoxy resin. The first insulating resin composition further includes a filler consisting of alumina, silica, magnesia, zirconia, titania, and/or silicon carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, hydridosilanes of formula (Sin(BH)x(PH)yH2n+2), preferably (SinH2n+2) are used as starting materials. The reaction with the carbon source takes place in the presence of at least one further hydridosilane compound having a weight average molecular weight of at least 500 g/mole. The reaction of the hydrosilane with the carbon source takes place in the presence of at least one dopant comprising trimethylaluminum, aluminum chloride, boron trichloride, boron trifluoride, diborane, borane, tetrahydrofuran, boric ethide, trimethylborane, phosphine and phosphorus. The reaction is carried out thermally and/or by electromagnetic radiation.n = 3-10; andx, y = 0 or 1, provided that at least one of x or y is 0.Preferred Components: The carbon source has a weight average molecular weight of 300-4000 g/mole. EXAMPLE - 1.32 g of Neopentasilane was mixed with 1.18 g of methylisotetrasilane and 1.9 g of borane-tetrahydrofuran complex. The reaction solution was stirred for 4 hours at 50 degrees C to obtain polyhydrosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer is acrylic acid or acrylate monomer. The content of molybdenum catalyst is 5-40 ppm. The molybdenum catalyst is chosen from chlorine molybdate, olefin complexe of molybdenum and molybdenum complexe of unsaturated siloxane. The inhibitor is chosen from ethynyl cyclohexanol and 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The silicone tackifier is obtained by mixing 100 parts mass monomer, 100 parts mass toluene and 0.5-5 parts mass molybdenum catalyst, dripping 10-100 parts mass hydrogen-containing silicone oil, heating the resultant product at 60-110 degrees C for 3-6 hours, and vacuum drying the resultant product at 80-150 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The vinyl silicone oil comprises vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, dimethyl diethoxy silane and/or vinyl-terminated polymethyl vinyl siloxane. The content of vinyl silicone oil is 0.1-0.6 %mass. The content of hydrogen-containing silicone oil is 0.08-1.3 wt.%. Preferred Property: The vinyl silicone oil has viscosity of 200-5000 mPa at 25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The secondary solute is chosen from perfluoro polymer, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly-tetra fluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoxy polymer. The secondary solvent is chosen from hydrofluoroether, trifluorotoluene, octafluorotoluene and perfluorobenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Tertiary solute is used during formation of nanostructured. The tertiary solute is polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and poly(2-vinylpyridine).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer electrolyte further comprises a polyether-based polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride or lithium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone. The bonding agent comprises sucrose, glucose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polystyrene, lauric acid, citric acid, formamide, N, N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl acetamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic ester and urea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer comprises an ionic group and a polymeric acid, where the ionic group is anionic group including phosphite ion, sulfite ion, carboxylate ion, acetate ion and metaborate ion, or cationic group including metal ion and organic ion. The metal ion is sodium-ion, potassium ion, lithium ion, magnesium ion, zinc ion or aluminum ion. The organic ion is hydrogen ion, ammonium ion or amide ion. The first and second fluorine-containing materials are a fluorine-based substance i.e. fluorinated polymer. An intermediate layer is arranged between the conductive layer and the surface energy-control layer. The conductive film has a conductivity of 1x 10-7-1x 106 S/cm and has a thickness of 100 nm. The first and second fluoride-containing materials are ionomer having a structure of formula (-(-A((R1)(R2))-B((R3)(R4))-(X)a-)m-(-A1((R5)(R6))-B1((R7)(R8))-(X1)b-)n-) (I).A, B, A1, B1 = C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb;R1-R8 = amino, 1-30C alkyl, 1-30C heteroalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, 1-30C hetero alkoxy, 6-30C-aryl, 6-30C aryloxy, 6-30C heteroaryl, 2-30C heteroarylalkyl, 2-30C heteroaryloxy, 2-30C cycloalkyl (all optionally substituted), arylalkyl, H, halo, nitro or cyano group;X, X1 = 1-30C alkylene, 1-30C heteroalkyl, 6-30C aryl, 6-30C aryl alkyl, 2-30C heteroarylalkyl, 2-30C hetero arylalkyl, 5-20C alkyl chloride group, 5-30C-cycloalkyl, 6-30C-aryl, 2-30C-hetero aryl (optionally substituted), O or S;m = 0-10000000;n = 0-10000000;a = 0-20; andb = 0-20, where R1-R4 = hydrophobic group containing a halogen element or includes hydrophobic group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive polymer is polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polystyrene, polyethylenedioxythiophene, polyacetylene, polyphenylene, polyphenylene vinylene or polycarbazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The external layer is made up of polyethylene terephthalate resin layer and nylon resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The visible light transparent dielectric material is selected from one of silicon-NxCy (Si-NxCy) or silicon-NxOy (SiNxOy).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation protection material is selected from one of paraffin and polyester film such as acid alkali material and alkali resistance of organic or inorganic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hole transmission-light absorption layer is made of inorganic material such as CuI, CuSCN, Cu2O, CuO, NiO and MoOx material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hole transmission-light absorption layer is made of organic material such as Spiro-MeOTAD, P3HT, PTAA, TAPC, NPB and TH material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Platinum-based catalyst is platinum, binary platinum, or multicomponent alloy, preferably binary platinum alloy. Metal precursor contains platinum acetylacetonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is polylol. Polyol is glycol, propanetriol or butanediol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Reducing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Surfactant is modified organic siloxane. Leveler is isopropanol. Defoamer is organic silicone polyether copolymer. Curing agent is water-dispersible isocyanate or isocyanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: End sealing agent is carbodiimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyester resin is unsaturated polyester resin. Polyester film has water content of 10-100 ppm. Preferred Processes: Polyester resin is prepared by reacting trimethylolpropane and isophthalic acid and performing viscosity modification using thinner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Ammonia production device temperature is controlled at 502-514 degrees C, and the pressure is 2.3x 107 to 5.2x 107Pa. Ammonia production device hydrogen inlet and nitrogen inlet gas flow ratio is 2.9:3.2:1. Carbon dioxide inlet flow ratio via urea production device gas inlet is 1.8:2.1:1. The wind power generator uses vertical shaft structure, and the rotating shaft is vertical to the ground.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Composite flame retardant filler is aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide obtained by mixing raw materials with different diameter, mixing 2 different raw materials, or mixing 2 raw materials and preparing through chemical method. Composite flame retardant filler is magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide compound of formula 6Mg(OH)2.Al(OH)3.4.5H2O obtained by mixing magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide and performing chemical co-precipitation. Reinforcing filler is precipitated white carbon black and/or fumed white carbon black. Preferred Parameters: Composite flame retardant filler particle diameter is 1-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is methyldimethoxysilane, ethyldimethoxysilane, methyldiethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, vinyl dimethoxy silane, and/or vinyltriethoxysilane. Hydroxyl scavenger is vinyltrimethoxysilane, N-cyclohexylamine methyl diethoxy silane, and/or N-methyl-cyclohexylamine triethoxysilane. Tackifier is vinyldiethoxysilane, epoxydimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl dimethoxy silane, aminopropyl triethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-methyldimethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyl dimethoxy silane, 3-methyl propionyl oxopropyl trimethoxysilane, and/or 3-methyl propionyl oxopropyl triacetoxysilane. Catalyst is tin catalyst such as dibutyl tin laurate, dioctyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin diacetate, and/or dibutyl tin benzoate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Plasticizer is hydrogenated mineral oil, methyl silicone oil, and/or phenyl silicone oil with slip away temperature of 120-250 degrees C and viscosity of 50-500 cP, and/or hydroxy silicone oil with viscosity of 100-500 cP.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Non-flexible substrate is silicon sheet, glass sheet, quartz and mica sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carbon material is graphite, water soluble base with -SO3, porous graphene, graphene nanoribbons, graphite quantum point and carbon nanotube. Organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, methylene dichloride, hexanol and tetrahydrofuran. Substrate is flexible or non-flexible substrate. Inert atmosphere is nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. Reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate, hydroiodic, phenylhydrazine and ethylene glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Substrate is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyether sulfone and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The channelled portion or portions of current distributing back plate are of conductive aggregate of carbon and resin binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The white coloring agent is titanium oxide, and has average primary particle size of 1-500 nm. The metal oxide is silica, and has average primary particle size of 1-500 nm. Preferred Property: The solar cell module sealing material has reflectance of 80% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of methacrylic acid content in ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer is 1-30 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer has melt flow rate of 0.1-30 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of maleic anhydride is 10-50 %mass with respect to 100 parts mass maleic anhydride copolymer. Preferred Property: The ethylene-(meth)acrylic-acid copolymer has melt flow rate of 3-30 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2160g, as measured based on JIS K7210.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ceramic material comprises aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and/or titanium(IV) hydroxide, and has an average particle diameter of 50-500 mu m. The lithium metal oxide comprises at least one of cobalt, manganese, nickel and aluminum. (I) is coated on the lithium metal oxide, formed non-continuously on the lithium metal oxide and included in an amount of 1-3 wt.%, preferably 1.5-2.5 wt.%. Preferred Method: The mixing step comprises ball milling.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The coating layer: is formed on one side or both sides of the porous substrate; and has a thickness of 1-10 mu m and a porosity of 30-55 vol.%. The coating layer further comprises a heat-resistance resin comprising an aramid resin, a polyamideimide resin and/or a polyimide resin. The porous substrate comprises a polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The adhesive portion is arranged on the whole surface of back sheet main component. The arrangement area of adhesive portion with respect to surface of the back sheet main component is 20% or more. The outer surface of adhesive portion is covered by release sheet. The solar cell module back sheet contains adhesive portion side in inside and is wound by roll shape. The solar cell module back sheet unit is provided with sheet for back surface side, and filler layers laminated on solar cell module back sheet. Preferred Property: The average thickness of adhesive portion is 20-70 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive portion consists of adhesive having re-peelability. The adhesive portion is formed with solvent type acrylic adhesive. The adhesive contains thermosetting component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic oxide fine particles are titanium oxide microparticles. The semiconductor is sulfide or organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductor of element of group 15 of the periodic table. The active energy ray is ultraviolet-ray. The ultraviolet-ray is irradiated on the inorganic oxide layer such that accumulated light quantity of the ultraviolet-ray is 100 J/cm2 or more. The inorganic oxide fine particles have average particle diameter of 5-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The organic solvent has boiling point of 50-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin is (meth)acrylic resin, preferably polyisobutyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The buffer layer is made of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS), and the n-type material layer is made of zinc oxide (ZnO), and the transparent electrode layer is made of indium tin oxide (ITO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic oxide particles contain silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and/or tin oxide. Preferred Property: The diameter of the inorganic particles is 10-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fluorinated polymer binder contains polytetrofluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, perfluoroalkoxy resin, polychlorotrifluoroethene, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene difluoride, and/or polyvinyl fluoride. Preferred Properties: The organic-inorganic hybrid film has thickness of 1-10 mu m. The weight-average molecular weight of the fluorinated polymer binder is 280000-1000000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrical power collector further consists of metal layer obtained using gold, silver, copper, platinum, nickel, and/or chromium, and having thickness of 0.01-2 mu m. The electroconductive imparting agent is carbon-type electroconductive particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride component is 50 mol% or more. The content of diamine component is 50 mol% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive polyimide layer comprises electroconductive imparting agent and polyimide resin at weight ratio of 1:99-99:1. Preferred Properties: The electroconductive polyimide layer has thickness of 1-100 mu m. The polyimide resin has inflexion point in storage modulus of 200-280 degrees C, and has ratio of inflexion point in storage modulus at -20 degrees C and inflexion point in storage modulus at 20 degrees C of 0.1-50.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The embedded frame is made of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide or polyphenylenesulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonates, and polyimide. The transparent electrode comprises fluorine tin oxide, indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, and antimony tin oxide. The semiconductor oxide layer comprises titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), and zirconium (Zr). The counter electrode comprises gold, platinum, molybdenum, silver, copper, nickel, Ti, zinc, Si, Sn, W and Zr.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole conductor pattern comprises poly thiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The UV/ozone exposure is for 1-20 minutes, preferably 5-10 minutes, or 30 seconds to 1 hour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reduced graphene oxide and/or graphene oxide comprises gold particles. The reduced graphene oxide and/or graphene oxide is in a hydrophilic suspension or in a hydrophilic solution. The reduced graphene oxide comprises tetrachloroaurate. Preferred Method: The reduced graphene oxide and/or graphene oxide is applied by spin coating or by applying a thin film from the air-water interface of a Langmuir-Blodgett trough.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer layer is a poly-3-hexyl thiophene and phenyl-61 carbon-butyric acid methyl ester blend. Preferred Method: The exterior surface of the polymer layer has a contact angle, where the contact angle is reduced from more than 70 degrees to less than 70 degrees by the UV/ozone exposure, preferably reduced from more than 80 degrees to less than 40 degrees by the UV/ozone exposure. EXAMPLE - Two polymer layers with a hydrophobic exterior surface were formed from a poly-3-hexyl thiophene and phenyl-61 carbon-butyric acid methyl ester polymer blend. Then reduced graphene oxide suspension was applied by spin coating to the first layer and exposed to UV/ozone exposure for 7 minutes. The reduced graphene oxide suspension was then applied by spin coating to the second layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cigarette includes cylinders made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Solvent and surface coating material are used during ultrasonic microwave method. The solvent is chosen from water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, and butyl acetate. The surface coating material is long-carbon chain organic substance or inorganic substance. The long-carbon chain organic substance is chosen from oleic acid, stearic acid, sodium stearate, KH550, KH560, KH570 and KH580.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive contains 10-90 wt.% inorganic filler, and further contains 0.5-80 wt.% boron, aluminum nitride, alumina, silicon oxide, titania, zirconia, silicon carbide and/or inorganic particles, 1-50 wt.% plate-like crystals of montmorillonite, mica, feldspar, zeolite and/or talc, and 1-50 wt.% epoxy compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer is tetrafluoroethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-vinyl ether copolymer, trifluoromethyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene-vinyl ether copolymer. The content of fluoropolymer with respect to the total content of polymer matrix is 10-90 %mass. The back sheet of solar battery includes weather-proof polymer film layer, polymer adhesive layer and polymer coating layer on a base film layer. The weather-proof polymer film layer includes polyvinylidene fluoride layer, polyvinylidene fluoride layer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer layer, polyethylene terephthalate layer, and/or tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene copolymer layer. The polymer adhesive layer contains polyurethane adhesive, acrylic resin adhesive and/or epoxy adhesive. The base layer is polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate layer, polyethylene terephthalate layer, polyethylene terephthalate layer and/or polybutylene terephthalate layer. Preferred Properties: The polymer layer has visible reflectance at a wavelength of 400-1000 nm of more than 80%, thermal resistance of 70 degrees C/w or less, and water vapor transmission of 2 g/(m2.day) or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyolefin-type hot-melt resin is modified by aromatic vinyl compound. Polar vinyl compound contains unsaturated polar group which has polar group chosen from epoxy, unsaturated carboxylic acid, and unsaturated carboxylic anhydride. Polyolefin-type hot-melt resin is 100 pts. wt. polyolefin resin (a-1), epoxy-modified polyolefin-type hot-melt resin obtained in presence of radical polymerization initiator by melt-kneading an 0.5-30 pts. wt. epoxy-group-containing (a-2) vinyl monomer and 0-30 pts. wt. aromatic vinyl monomer (a-3). Coloring agent is carbonaceous material or dye. Plastic film is a polyester film. Preferred Parameters: All-optical transmittance of solar cell back sheet is 0-70%. Preferred Process: Solar cell back sheet is back sheet laminated by the extrusion laminating process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The 1st polymer layer contains 0.01-3 mass% organic solvent with respect to total amount of 1st polymer layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polymer layer which satisfies conditions of formulas (1)-(3) is made of polymer layer close to polyester support sheet containing mat agent and surface side polymer layer formed on surface side. Mat agent is contained so that formula (A/D)=0.1-0.8 (4) may be satisfied. Polymer sheet further comprises 3rd polymer layer which contains polymer as binder between 1st polymer layer and polyester support sheet. The 3rd polymer layer contains silicone-type polymer as binder and contains mat agent. The 1st polymer layer or 2nd polymer layer contains mat agent. Preferred Processes: The 1st polymer layer forming process involves forming 1st polymer layer on 1 surface of polyester support sheet and forming 1st polymer layer on 3rd polymer layer. The 2nd polymer layer forming process involves forming 2nd polymer layer on opposite surface of polyester support sheet. The 3rd polymer layer forming process involves forming 3rd polymer layer on 1 surface of polyester support sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The rechargeable lithium battery further comprises a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) passivation film on the surface of the positive electrode, where the SEI passivation film comprising a polymer having a repeating unit of formula (II). The positive active material comprises a lithium compound of formulae ((p)Li2MnO3.(1-p)LiNiaCobMncO2) (III) and/or (LidNixCoyMn1-x-yO2) (IV), preferably (LiNi5Co2Mn3O2) and/or (Li2MnO3).n = 2-1000;p, a = greater than 0.25 to less than 0.75;b, c = greater than 0.1 to less than 0.5, where the sum of a, b and c is 1;d = greater than or equal to 0.9 to less than 1.1;x = 0.3-0.75; andy = 0.15-0.4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte does not include a halogen-containing compound other than (I). (I) is included at greater than or equal to 0.05 vol.% to less than 1 vol.% based on the total volume of the non-aqueous organic solvent. Preferred Definitions:    X = N;    R = phenyl or -Si(CH3)3; and    R1, R2 = H.    EXAMPLE - 1.3 mole of Lithium hexafluorophosphate was dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent including 99.9 vol.% of carbonate-based solvent including a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:4:3, and 0.1 vol.% of N-phenylpyrrole, to obtain an electrolyte solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine resin composition comprises 50-95 %mass polyvinylidene fluoride-type resin, 5-50 %mass polymethyl methacrylate resin as a resin component, and 0.1-5 parts mass ultraviolet absorber, and 5-40 parts mass titanium oxide with respect to 100 mass parts of resin component. Preferred Properties: The fluorine resin film has thickness of 10-50 mu m, and crystal ratio of 80% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The recovery of ruthenium complex dye is carried out at a temperature of 40 degrees C or less, under light-shielding conditions. The recovery method further involves carrying out distillation process by distilling the used dye solution at temperature of 40 degrees C or less and pressure of 1000 Pa or less in the presence of an inert gas atmosphere, and performing recrystallization of the recovered ruthenium complex dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon-type polymer is chosen from polyisobutylene, polybutene, poly- 4-methylpentene, poly-1-octene, ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymer, aliphatic hydrocarbon resin, alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, polyisoprene, and their hydride, preferably olefin and/or (co)polymer hydride of conjugated diene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic oxide nanoparticles are optionally surface modified using hydrophilic surface treatment. The inorganic oxide nanoparticles have particle size of at least 30 nanometers. The inorganic oxide nanoparticles comprise silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (i) comprises at least two amino groups or at least one amino group and alkoxy silane. The compound (i) is an amino-substituted organosilane ester or ester equivalent. Preferred Property: The compound (i) has a molecular weight of 1000 g/mol or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer further comprises repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene. The coating composition comprises 20-95 wt.% solids of the fluoropolymer, and 1-60 wt.% solids of inorganic oxide nanoparticles. The fluoropolymer comprises 15-35 mol% repeating units derived from vinyl fluoride and/or vinylidene fluoride, and at least 45 mol% repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene. Preferred Process: The manufacture of coating composition further involves adding at least one fluoropolymer (A) excluding repeating units derived from vinyl fluoride and/or vinylidene fluoride. The fluoropolymer (A) comprises repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene and vinyl ether. After coating the composition, the substrate is dried. The substrate is inorganic or polymeric substrate. Preferred Property: The dried coating has a thickness of 0.1-2 mils.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first and/or second encapsulant layer is formed with a polymer selected from a group comprising ethylene-vinyl-acetate, ionomers, (poly)silicone, thermoplastic urethane, and polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyhydroxy polyurethane resin comprises structural component containing 1-30 %mass carbon dioxide. The hardened film layer of backsheet is formed of a dry laminate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The compound which has 3 or more 5-membered ring cyclic carbonate group in the molecule is a reaction material obtained by reacting carbon dioxide and compound which have 3 or more epoxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The translucent hard substrate is tempered glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amount of polymer (E) and component (D) contained in the composition is 0.1-30 parts mass and 0.1-30 parts mass, respectively, with respect to 100 parts mass component (A), component (B), and component (C). The component (C) is 2-(1,2-cyclohexa carboximide)ethyl acrylate, phenol ethylene oxide modified (meth)acrylate, or 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxy propyl (meth)acrylate. The composition further contains a particulate material (F). The shape of polymer (E) and component (F) is spherical. The component (F) is crosslinking-polymethyl methacrylate particles, crosslinking-polystyrene particles, or crosslinking-polymethyl methacrylate-polystyrene copolymer particles. Preferred Properties: The component (A) has molecular weight of 400-2000. The average particle diameter of the polymer (E) is 1-200 mu m. The average particle diameter of the component (F) is 5-200 mu m. The standard deviation of particle volume distribution with respect to particle size of the component (F) is 0.0001-0.25, when measured using laser diffractometry. The adhesive material has a heat resistance, when exposed in an atmosphere of 150-220 degrees C for 5 minutes or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises 10 wt.% solid cellulose polymer, 0-20 wt.% 2, 2, 4-trimethyl 1, 3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate and rest of terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass particles are silicon-lead-boron oxide, lead oxide, lead oxide-silicon dioxide, lead oxide-boron oxide glass or glass-particles containing tellurium powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises 10 wt.% solid cellulose polymer, 0-20 wt.% 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono-isobutyrate and remainder of terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The N-methoxyethyl piperidine low temperature molten salt is N-methoxyethyl-N-methyl-piperidin-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, N-methoxyethyl-N-methyl-piperidine-triflate, N-methoxyethyl-N-methyl-piperidin-bis(sulfonyl fluoride)imide salt, N-methoxyethyl-N-methylpiperidine tetrafluoroborate and N-methoxyethyl-N-methylpiperidine hexafluorophosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises sintering the paste under the hydrogen atmosphere at 1400 degrees C for 5 hours. Preferred Components: The Ni-YSZ cermet is prepared by mixing 40-60 wt.% of nickel oxide with 60-40 wt.% of yttria-stabilized zirconia powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PMMA has a diameter of 4-6 mu m, preferably 5 mu m, and is present in an amount of 8~12 pts. wt. The solvent is alcohol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bismuth oxide based lead-free glass frit comprises 10-35 wt.% bismuth oxide, 1-15 wt.% aluminum oxide, 10-40 wt.% boron trioxide, 10-30 wt.% silicon dioxide and 0.1-10 wt.% lanthanum oxide. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 0.01-10 wt.% bismuth oxide based lead-free glass frit, 60-78 wt.% aluminum powder and 20-35 wt.% organic vehicle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic vehicle is prepared by mixing 1-25 wt.% polymer resin with 75-99 wt.% organic solvent. EXAMPLE - 74 wt.% Mixed aluminum powder (comprised of 65 wt.% aluminum powder with average particle size of 4-6 mu m and 9 wt.% aluminum powder with average particle size of 2-4 mu m) was mixed with 1.5 wt.% glass frit (prepared by mixing 15 wt.% bismuth oxide, 4.5 wt.% aluminum oxide, 15.7 wt.% boron trioxide, 5.6 wt.% silicon dioxide, 3.7 wt.% lanthanum oxide, 4.5 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide, 21 wt.% zinc oxide, 6.5 wt.% alkali metal oxide (comprised of potassium oxide, lithium oxide and sodium oxide) and 23.5 wt.% alkaline earth metal oxide (comprised of strontium oxide and barium oxide)), and 24.5 wt.% organic vehicle (comprised of tripropylene glycol methyl ether and ethyl cellulose resins), and then stirred for 3 minutes at 1000 revolutions/minute to prepare aluminum paste composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid polymer electrolyte can be formed by adding heat or light to the composition to form a three-dimensional network structure of the semi-interpenetrating polymer network. The curing initiator comprises benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, alpha -methyl benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin phenyl ether, alpha -acyloxime ester, alpha , alpha -diethoxyacetophenone, 1,1-dichloro acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, anthraquinone, 2-ethyl anthraquinone, 2-chloro anthraquinone, thioxanthone, isopropylthioxanthone, chloro thioxanthone, benzophenone, p-chlorobenzophenone, benzyl benzoate, benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, di-tert-amyl peroxide, alpha -cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, tert-amyl peroxypivalate, tert butyl peroxypivalate,2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane, di(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, dibenzoyl peroxide, t-amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 1,1-di-(t-amylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t-butyl peroxy) cyclohexane, t-butyl peroxy acetate, t-amyl peroxy benzoate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, ethyl 3,3-di-(t-amyl peroxy) butyrate, ethyl 3,3-di-(t-butylperoxy) butyrate, dicumyl peroxide, 1,1'-azobis (cyclohexane carbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl propionic amidine) dihydrochloride, and 4 4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 3-methoxy-propionitrile and gamma -butyrolactone. The redox derivative is lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt and/or imidazolium salt. The concentration of cyclo-tetra-siloxane-tetra-imidazolium iodide is 0.1-0.2M. The electrolyte further comprises additive chosen from tributyl phosphate, guanidinium thiocyanate, benzimidazole, pyridine, pyrazole and imidazole. The cyclo-tetra-siloxane-tetra-imidazolium iodide is 2,4,6,8-tetra(3-methylimidazolium iodide)propyl-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl siloxane or 2,4,6,8-tetra-(3-propyl imidazolium iodide)propyl-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl siloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode active material sludge is 2~12 wt.% zinc. The cathode active material comprises 0.5-8 wt.% cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The container of cabinet panel obtained using 80-90 wt.% magnesium hydroxide, 10-20 wt.% melamine, and 85 wt.% phosphoric acid. The parking control apparatus comprises 0.5-5 wt.% carbon fiber, 0.1-3 wt.% curing agent, phenol, cresol, nonylphenol, bisphenol A , diethylenetriamine or diethyl amino propylamine, and 0.1-2 wt.% hardening accelerator. The separator film is formed using binder, tetrafluoroethylene polymer, polyvinyl acetate aqueous solution, carboxy methyl cellulose aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is of formula (I) or (II).A=carbon support;andn=1 or 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent conductive thin film is formed by flexible substrate polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene napthalate (PEN), polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyphthalamide (PPA) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The compound (I) is prepared by converting N-bromosuccinimide-9,10-phenanthrenequinone bromide into 2,7-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrenequinone under concentrated sulfuric acid environment, dissolving 2,7-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrenequinone in tetrahydrofuran, adding sodium thiosulfate, obtaining 2,7-dibromo-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, reacting with alkyl bromide under basic condition and 2,7-dibromo-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene alkylated hydroxy protection, obtaining 2,7-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrenedione, under argon protection and low ice bath condition, dropping prepared alkyl Grignard reagent to 2,7-dibromo-9,10-phenanthrenedione in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, generating 2,7-alkyl substituted-9,10-phenanthroline, under ice bath condition, dropping fuming nitric acid to 2,7-alkyl substituted-9,10-phenanthroline in dioxane solution, removing ice bath, reacting for 0.5 hour, pouring the reactant into water, extracting with methylene dichloride, purifying the crude product by column chromatography to obtain 2,7-alkyl substituted-9,10-phenanthrenequinone, and ring closure reacting with diamino-containing halogenated aromatic heterocyclic ring under acidic environment to prepare (I), where halogen is bromine or iodine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is mica powder, talc powder, kaolin or silicon micro-powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of polycarbonate diol and lactone opening ring is preferably 0.7-0.9:1. The antioxidant is hindered phenol antioxidant. The curing accelerator is dibutyl tin laurate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is isopropanol or propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Vinyl acetate content of EVA copolymer is 29.5 mass%. Amount of tert.-butyl peroxybenzoate is 1.6-1.8 mass%. Amount of hexadecyl-3,5-bis-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate is 2 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The coating portion comprises 45-55 pts. wt. modified acrylic resin, 20-30 pts. wt. pigment, 1-3 pts. wt. anti-settling agent, 1-1.5 pts. wt. dispersant, 1-1.5 pts. wt. de-foaming agent, 1-2 pts. wt. flatting agent, 1-2 pts. wt. light stabilizer, 3-4 pts. wt. UV, 1.5-2 pts. wt. flatting silica, 5-10 pts. wt. organic solvent, and 10-15 pts. wt. curing portion. The weight ratio of paint portion to curing in ratio of 2-6:1. The ratio of curing agent to organic solvent is 50-60:40-50. The modified acrylic resin is Desmophen A 870 BA (RTM: Hydroxyl-bearing polyacrylate). The paint is titanium pigment or organic pigment. The anti-settling agent is chosen from bentonite and gas phase silicon dioxide. The dispersant is polyester-modified dispersant. The de-foaming agent is organic modified siloxane de-foaming agent. The flatting agent is organic silicon flatting agent. The light stabilizer is hindered amine type light stabilizer. The UV absorbent is liquid and hydroxy benzotriazole type UV absorbing agent. The curing agent is HDI tripolymer. The organic solvent is dimethylbenzene, n-butyl or poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA). The organic solvent comprises dimethylbenzene, n-butyl and PMA according to weight ratio of 4-6:2-4:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves sintering mixture at 500-800 degrees C for 4-6 hours. Preferred Composition: The silicon carbide crystal whisker has diameter of 0.6-0.8 mu m and length of 30-40 microns. Preferred Components: The uv resistant agent is UV-326, UV-327 or UV-531. The antioxidant is hindered phenol antioxidant. The hindered phenol antioxidant is antioxidant 264 or antioxidant 1076.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of tert-butylperoxy benzoate is 1.6-1.8 %mass. The content of 3,5-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hexadecyl ester is 2 %mass. The organic solvent is alcohol or isopropyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of ethylene-vinyl acetate in the vinyl acetate-based copolymer is preferably 29.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of first component to second component is 2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: The 1st and 2nd ethylene/methacrylate are independently selected from ethylene/acrylate copolymer and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer. Masterbatch contains 3-50 wt.%, 5-40 wt.%, or 8-30 wt.% inorganic die nanofiller and 50-97 wt.%, 60-95 wt.%, or 70-92 wt.% carrier mixture. Carrier mixture contains 10-40 wt.% or 15-35 wt.% 1st ionomer and 60-90 wt.% or 65-85 wt.% 1st ethylene/methacrylate copolymer. Polymer composition contains 5-40 wt.%, 10-30 wt.%, or 15-25 wt.% masterbatch and 60-95 wt.%, 70-90 wt.%, or 75-85 wt.% polymer-based material. Polymer-based material contains less than or equal to 35 wt.%, 5-30 wt.%, or 10-30 wt.% 2nd ionomer in which 1st ionomer and 2nd ionomer are same or different. Substrate layer contains polymeric material containing polyester, polycarbonate, polyolefin, norbornene polymer, polystyrene, styrene-acrylate copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, polysulfone, polyamide, polyurethane, acrylic resin, cellulose acetate, cellophane, polysiloxane, polyvinyl chloride, and/or fluoropolymer. Substrate layer contains polymeric material containing polyester and/or fluoropolymer. Preferred Processes: Multilayer anti-creep plate or film is formed by polymer composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and second polymer layers and front encapsulant layer are a film or sheet comprising polyolefins, polyvinyl butyral, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, acid copolymers, silicone elastomers, and/or epoxy resins. The first polymer layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, a cross-linking agent, and ethylene copolymer tie layer. The second polymer layer comprises ethylene vinyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light absorption layer comprises a copper indium gallium selenide compound. The first light absorption layer comprises a copper gallium selenide layer containing gallium-rich layer, and the second light absorption layer comprises a copper indium selenide layer containing indium-rich layer. The Group VIA gas comprises hydrogen selenide, hydrogen sulfide, selenium vapor, sulfur vapor and/or tellurium vapor. The ZnS layer comprises zinc sulfur oxide (ZnS1-xOx), where x is 0-1. The TCO layer comprises indium tin oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide and/or indium zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer substrate comprises polyimide, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly carbonate and/or poly(methyl methacrylate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing material sheet further consists of a skin layer and an inner layer. The skin layer and inner layer contain 4 %mass or less white pigments.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The spectral reflection factor of the sealing material sheet of 300 mu m at wavelength of 400-900 nm is 80% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adjacent molding materials comprise additional sheet materials, and the surface structure providing resin infusion pathways for conducting an infusion resin between the sheet materials. The reinforcement resin comprises a pigment or dye. The material comprises a solid surface structure to aid resin infusion. Preferred Process: The reinforcement resin is curable at cure temperature of 60-120 ?C at curing time of 5-60 second. The material is supplied on a coil or roll. The structure elements conduct flow in a transverse and/or longitudinal direction in relation to a central resin flow channel or vein.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The reinforcement fibers are arranged in unidirectional tows. Preferred Process: The solid surface structure is formed from the reinforcement resin. The sheet material is infusion resin permeable. The sheet material comprises structure elements for conducting the flow of an infusion resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves depositing photoelectric conversion cell (B) on buffer layer. Preferred Components: The photoelectric conversion cell (A) is formed with a material having lattice constant between lattice constant of gallium arsenide and indium phosphide. The photoelectric conversion cell (B) is formed with a gallium arsenide lattice matching material or germanium lattice matching material. A portion of buffer layer (11) is germanium layer or silicon-germanium layer, and the buffer layer (11) is a strained super lattice layer containing gallium arsenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The support substrate (80) is a film made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The secondary battery comprises ( gamma )-iron oxide. Preferred Properties: The corrosion-resistant washer in the secondary battery has thickness of 0.1-0.8 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The volatile corrosion inhibitor is 100 wt.% polymer resin, and 3-30 wt.% sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite. The content of base resin is 1-30 wt.%. The polymer resin and base resin are chosen from chosen from polypropylene, polybutyelene terephthalate, polyethylene, Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene), rayon, mixed yarn, and viscose and polyester polynosic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium metal phosphate is lithium iron phosphate having olivine crystalline structure of formula: Li1+aFe1-xM'x(PO4-b)Xb, where M' is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, titanium, gallium, copper, vanadium, niobium, indium, zinc or yttrium, and x is 0-0.5. The concentration of lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.5-3 M. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium boron chloride (LiB10Cl10), lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluorroacetate, lithium hexaflouroarsenate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium aluminum chloride, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium methanesulfonate, lithium tetraphenylborate, and imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ether-based solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane and dibutyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polypropylene carbonate is 1-40 wt.% based on total weight of electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium secondary battery contains cathode and anode active materials. The cathode active material contains lithium metal phosphorus oxide of formula: Li1+aM(PO4-b)Xb (I), where M is group(II)-(XII) metals, X is F, S or N, a is -0.5 to 0.5 and b is 0-0.1. The lithium-iron phosphorus oxide of olivine crystalline structure is of formula: Li1+aFe1-xM'x(PO4-b)Xb (II), where M' is Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn or Y, and x is 0-0.5. The anode active material comprises amorphous carbon chosen from hard carbon and soft carbon. The lithium-iron phosphorus oxide of olivine crystalline structure is lithium-iron phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The molarity of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide is 0.1-2M. The content of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide is 10-100 wt.% with respect to total weight of lithium salt, preferably 50-100 wt.%. The non-aqueous solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, 2-ethyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, dimethoxyethane and dibuthyl ether. The electrolyte further contains carbonate-type solvent. The ratio of ether-type solvent and carbonate-type solvent is 10:90-90:10. The carbonate-type solvent contains cyclic carbonate chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate and 2,3-pentylene carbonate. The carbonate-type solvent further contains linear carbonate chosen from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate. The ratio of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate is 1:4-4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of lithium oxalyldifluoroborate is 10 wt.% or more, and has molarity of 0.1-2 M. The ether-based solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl ether, and dibutyl ether. The electrolyte further comprises carbonate-type solvent including linear carbonate comprising dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, and cyclic carbonate comprising ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, and 2,3-pentylene carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate. The lithium-ion battery comprises cathode active material comprises a lithium metal phosphate of formula: Li1+aM(PO4-b)Xb (1) (I) or Li1+aFe1-xM'x(PO4-b)Xb (II), where M is element of group 12, X is fluorine, sulfur, and nitrogen, M' is aluminum, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, titanium, gallium, copper, vanadium, niobium, zirconium, cerium, indium, zinc, and yttrium, a is -0.5 to +0.5, x is 0-0.5 and b is 0-0.1, and anode electrode active material comprises amorphous carbon. The amorphous carbon is hard carbon and/or soft carbon. The lithium metal phosphate (II) or (III) has olivine crystal structure of lithium iron phosphate coated with a conductive carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lower-alcohol solvent per sulfonic-acid unit mole of fluoropolymer electrolyte is formed from electrode catalyst for fuel cell composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The coating process is performed using spin-coating, stamping, printing, doctor blading, spraying or dipping at 350-550 degrees C for 5-45 minutes. The heating process is carried out at 50-600 degrees C for 5 seconds to 10 hours. The coating and heating processes are repeated at least once: to deposit multiple layers of the same or different compositions to produce a stack having the same or different layers; and to produce a film having uniform or graded composition. Preferred Components: The absorber layer has the composition comprising copper indium selenide (CuInSe2), copper indium gallium selenide (CuIn(0.85)Ga(0.15)Se2) or copper indium gallium selenide (CuIn(0.7)Ga(0.3)Se2), where the copper indium selenide is doped with 0.75 or 1 mole% of antimony. The substrate is made of glass, molybdenum-coated glass, silicon/silicon dioxide, metal foil, molybdenum foil, polyimide sheet, or molybdenum-coated polyimide. The absorber layer has a large grain structure to minimize recombination at the grain boundaries, where the grain size of the particles of the absorber layer is 0.2-2 mu m, and the absorber layer has a thickness of 200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The solution-based deposition process employs a hydrazinium-based chalcogenide precursor in a solution which is free of chlorine, bromine, and iodine impurities, where the solvent is a non-hydrazine solvent including ethanolamine and/or dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Substrate: The substrate is selected from glass, Mo-coated glass, Si/SiO2, metal foil, molybdenum foil, polyimide (Kapton) sheet, and Mo-coated polyimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The contacting step further comprises a source of S and dopant and provides a homogeneous solution. The source of Cu, In, Ga, Se, and S are in amounts sufficient to produce an absorber layer having a predetermined composition. The solution-based deposition process employs a soluble molecular precursor in a solution which is free of C, O, Cl, Br, and I impurities. The absorber layer has a composition of formulae CuInSe2 (preferably 0.75 mol.%, especially 1 mol.% Sb doped CuInSe2), CuIn0.85Ga0.15Se2, or CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2. The coating step in solution-based process is selected from spin-coating, stamping, printing, doctor blading, spraying, and dipping. The heating step is carried out at 50-600 degrees C (preferably 350-550 degrees C) for 5 seconds to 10 hours (preferably 5-45 minutes). The coating and heating steps are repeated at least once to deposit multiple layers of the same or different compositions to produce a stack having the same or different layers; and to produce a film having a uniform or a graded composition. The absorber layer has a thickness of 200 nm; and has a large grain structure to minimize recombination at the grain boundaries, where the grain size is 0.2 mu m to 2 mu M. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photoinitiator is a mixture of 1 -hydroxy-cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, methyl benzoylformate, 2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyldiphenyl-phosphine oxide, bis (2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-benzyl)-phenyl) -2-methyl-propane-1-on, and oligo(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4(1-methyl vinyl)phenyl) propane).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Method: The step of contacting provides a homogeneous solution. The coating step in the solution-based process is spin-coating, stamping, printing, doctor blading, spraying, or dipping. The heating step is carried out at a temperature of 50-600 degrees C (preferably 350-550 degrees C), and for a period of time of 5 seconds to 10 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 45 minutes. The steps of coating and heating are repeated at least once to deposit multiple layers of the same or different compositions to produce a stack having the same or different layers, preferably repeated to produce a film having a uniform or a graded composition. Preferred Components: The absorber layer has a large grain structure to minimize recombination at the grain boundaries. The grain size is 0.2-2 mu m. The absorber layer has a thickness of at least 200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution-based deposition process employs a hydrazinium-based chalcogenide precursor in a solution which is free of chlorine, bromine, and iodine impurities. (I) is of formula (CuInSe(2)), (CuIn(0.85)Ga(0.15)Se(2)), or (CuIn(0.7)Ga(0.3)Se(2)). The absorber layer comprises 0.75 mol.% or 1 mol.% of antimony doped copper composition of formula (CuInSe(2)). The substrate is glass, molybdenum-coated glass, silicon/silicon dioxide, metal foil, molybdenum foil, Kapton (RTM: Polyimide sheet), or molybdenum-coated polyimide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is a non-hydrazine solvent. The non-hydrazine solvent is ethanolamine and/or dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus pentoxide is 3-10 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic sulfonated monomer is of formula (II). The aromatic dicarboxylic acid monomer is of formula (III). The molar ratio of aromatic sulfonated monomer and aromatic dicarboxylic acid monomer is 1:1. The mass ratio of Eaton reagent and aromatic dicarboxylic acid monomer is 8-20:1. The Eaton reagent is chosen from methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid solution and phosphorus pentoxide.M=lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The 5-membered ring cyclic carbonate compound is a reaction product of epoxy compound and carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The masked isocyanate group in the structure of self-crosslinked polyhydroxy polyurethane resin is a reaction product of organic polyisocyanate group and masking reagent. The self-crosslinked polyhydroxy polyurethane resin contains the structural component (-COO) containing 1-25 %mass carbon dioxide, in the structure. Preferred Process: The reaction of organic polyisocyanate group and masking reagent involves heat-processing, dissociating masked portion, producing isocyanate group, reacting obtained isocyanate group with hydroxyl group in structure of resin, and carrying out self-crosslinking.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material of cathode is zinc oxide. The thickness of cathode is 20-100 nm. The thickness of hole buffer layer is 20-100 nm. The content of zinc oxide is 50-500 mg/mL zinc oxide acetic acid solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phthalocyanine-based small molecule is copper phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine, magnesium phthalocyanine or vanadium phthalocyanine. The content of chlorobenzene solution of phthalocyanine-based small molecule, polystyrene sulfonate and 3,4-dioxyethylene thiophene is 5-50 %mass. The mass ratio of poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and polystyrene sulfonate is 2-6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of nickel hydroxide, cobalt oxide and conductive graphite is 28:1:5-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of benzoxazine intermediate (I) involves adding water solution of N-containing heterocyclic ring aromatic amine, methyl formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and solvent to the reaction kettle, heating at 40 degrees C for 0.1-2 hours; then adding of phenol compound, where mole ratio of phenolic compound, N-containing heterocyclic ring aromatic amine, methyl formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde is 1:1:2-2.4; heating at 50-100 degrees C and reacting for 4-10 hours; then washing 1-2 times by using 0.5-3 mole/L alkaline aqueous solution and 5 times by using deionized water until water phase pH of 7; and decompression rotary evaporation to remove the solvent to obtain benzoxazine intermediate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Vinyl terminated epoxy polyether is mixture of mono vinyl terminated epoxy polyether or double vinyl terminated epoxy polyether or mono vinyl terminated epoxy polyether and double vinyl terminated epoxy polyether, where ratio of the mono epoxy terminated polyether and double vinyl terminated epoxy polyether is 2-10:6-12. The mono epoxy terminated polyether is represented by formula (I). The double vinyl terminated epoxy polyether is represented by formula (II).n=1-10;m=1-9;x=1-14; andy=1-12.Epoxy resin is selected from bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin or their mixtures. Active diluent is butyl glycidyl ether, aryl glycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, tri-methanol propane triglycidyl ether or their mixtures. Coupling agent is titanic acid ester coupling agent, silane coupling agent, boric acid ester coupling agent or their mixtures. Defoaming agent is selected from BYK (RTM: Not defined) 500, BYK-501, BYK-515 or BYK-555 type defoaming agent. Aliphatic amine is selected from triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, polyether amine or their mixtures. Alicyclic amine is isophorone diamine. Aromatic amine is selected from m-phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenyl sulfone or their mixture.