TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The photosynthetic system further comprises: a hydrogen-permeable membrane configured to separate the hydrogen from the oxygen in the first reaction vessel, where the hydrogen passes through the hydrogen-permeable membrane into the second reaction vessel; oxygen-permeable membrane configured to separate the oxygen from the hydrogen in the first reaction vessel, where the oxygen passes through the oxygen-permeable membrane into an oxygen storage tank, where the hydrogen-permeable membrane and the oxygen-permeable membrane are included in a gas collecting chamber; methane-permeable membrane configured to separate the methane from the water vapor in the second reaction vessel, where the methane passes through the methane-permeable membrane into an methane storage tank; water condenser connected to the second reaction vessel and configured to convert water vapor into liquid water, where the liquid water from the water condenser is transferred to the first reaction vessel; water vapor permeable membrane configured to separate the water vapor from the methane in the second reaction vessel, where the water vapor passes through the water vapor permeable membrane the water condenser; a first mirror that collects and linearly polarizes the irradiated light irradiated by the sun, and a second mirror that collects and linearly polarizes the irradiated light irradiated by the sun; and first steering mirror that directs the linearly polarized light received from the first mirror toward the first oriented photoactive material at a first optimum angle of incidence, where the first optimum angle of incidence depends on the orientation of the photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals of the first oriented photoactive material, and a second steering mirror that directs the linearly polarized light received from the second mirror toward the second oriented photoactive material at a second optimum angle of incidence, where the second optimum angle of incidence depends on the orientation of the photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals of the second oriented photoactive material. The first and second mirrors are connected to a sun tracking system so that the first and second mirrors receive sunlight at Brewster's angle. The first and second mirrors are focusing mirrors. The system further comprises: a first heater that heats the water entering the first reaction vessel, and a second heater that heats the second reaction vessel; a boiler that produces carbon dioxide through a combustion reaction, where the carbon dioxide produced by the boiler is transferred to the second reaction vessel, where the methane produced in the second reaction vessel is transferred to the boiler to fuel the boiler. The system further comprises: a first solar reflector positioned within the first reaction vessel such that irradiated light that is not absorbed by the first oriented photoactive material is reflected back into the first reaction vessel; and a second solar reflector positioned within the second reaction vessel such that irradiated light that is not absorbed by the second oriented photoactive material is reflected back into the second reaction vessel. In the system, at least a portion of the first reaction vessel and at least a portion of the second reaction vessel are formed of a transparent material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves: collecting the water vapor using a water vapor permeable membrane; transferring the collected water vapor to a condenser through an outlet line connected to the second reaction vessel to obtain liquid water; and transferring the liquid water to the first reaction vessel. The carbon dioxide is produced by a combustion system that is connected to the second reaction vessel. The method further involves: transferring the methane to the combustion system so that the methane may be used as fuel in the combustion system; polarizing the irradiated light with at least one first mirror before the first photoactive material absorbs the irradiated light; and polarizing the irradiated light with at least one second mirror before the second photoactive material absorbs the irradiated light; steering the first mirror so that the first mirror maintains Brewster's angle relative to the sun, and steering the second mirror so that the second mirror maintains Brewster's angle relative to the sun, where at least one first mirror and at least one second mirror are steered using a sun tracking system, and are focusing mirrors; and steering a third mirror so that the polarized light from the first mirror is directed at the first photoactive material at an angle that facilitates absorption, and steering a fourth mirror so that the polarized light from the second mirror is directed at the second photoactive material at an angle that facilitates absorption. The step of forming photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals involves: growing semiconductor nanocrystals by employing a template-driven seeded growth method; and capping the semiconductor nanocrystals with an inorganic capping agent in a polar solvent to form photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals. The step of growing semiconductor nanocrystals by employing the template-driven seeded growth method involves: depositing a seed crystal on a substrate; and growing the semiconductor nanocrystal from the seed crystal using molecular beam epitaxy or chemical beam epitaxy so that the semiconductor nanocrystal grows according to the seed crystal's structure. The step of capping the semiconductor nanocrystals with an inorganic capping agent in the polar solvent to form the photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals includes: reacting semiconductor nanocrystals precursors in the presence of an organic capping agent to form organic capped semiconductor nanocrystals; reacting the organic capped semiconductor nanocrystals with an inorganic capping agent; adding immiscible solvents causing the dissolution of the organic capping agents and the inorganic capping agents so that organic caps on the semiconductor nanocrystals are replaced by inorganic caps to form inorganic capped semiconductor nanocrystals; and performing an isolation procedure to purify the inorganic capped semiconductor nanocrystals and remove the organic capping agent. The step of orienting the photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals is performed by applying an electric field, and the direction of the electric field is substantially parallel with an electric dipole moment of the photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals. The method further involves: heating the water entering the first reaction vessel so that the water boils and is in a gaseous state when reacting with the first photoactive material in the first reaction vessel; and filtering unreacted water, the hydrogen, and the oxygen leaving the first reaction vessel. In the method, a shapes of the photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals for the first and second photoactive materials are chosen based on a desired wavelength of the irradiated light usable by the semiconductor nanocrystals. The method further involves heating the second reaction vessel with a heater. In the method, each photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals includes a second semiconductor nanocrystal capped with a second inorganic capping agent, the first inorganic capping agent acts as a reduction photocatalyst, and the second inorganic capping agent acts as an oxidation photocatalyst. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.