TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The feature further comprises a third surface that is adjacent to the first surface, where the first and third surfaces are not on a common plane. The nonplanar graphene layer has a third portion overlaying the third surface, and the first portion and the third portion form a second bending angle. The nonplanar graphene layer further comprises a curved portion comprising a concave shape with a negative curvature or a convex shape with a positive curvature. The first portion overlays a portion of the first surface of the feature or the second portion overlays a portion of the second surface. The first portion overlaid the entire first surface and the second portion overlaid the entire second surface. The first, second and third surface is either planar or non-planar. The feature comprises an element (108) and/or recess (104-3, 104-4) having one or more side walls, a hole, a trench, a pillar, a pyramid or a rib. The side wall comprises a first dimension of 3 nm to 10 mu m, and a second dimension orthogonal to the first dimension of 2-100 nm. The first and second bending angle is an acute angle, substantially a right angle, an obtuse angle, or a reflex angle. The first surface is a top surface of the feature, the adjacent second surface is a side wall of the feature, the first portion overlays the top surface, the second portion overlays the side wall, the first bending angle is over 180 degrees , and a first stress intersection is formed between the first portion and the second portion. The side wall is substantially perpendicular to the top surface, producing the first graphene layer with the first bending angle of 270 degrees . The side wall is undercut, producing the first graphene layer with the first bending angle that is over 270 degrees . The first surface is a first side wall of the feature, the second surface is a second side wall of the feature, the first portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the first side wall, and the second portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the second side wall. The first surface is a bottom surface of the feature, the second surface is a side wall of the feature, the first portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the bottom surface, the second portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the side wall, the first bending angle is less than 180 degrees , a first compression intersection is formed between the first portion and the second portion of the nonplanar graphene layer. The third portion overlays a portion of the third surface and the entire third surface. The first surface is a top surface of the feature, the second surface is a first side wall of the feature, the third surface is a second side wall of the feature, the first portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the top surface, the second portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the first side wall, and the third portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the second side wall. The second or third portions of the first nonplanar graphene layer are in electric communication with a lead, and are electrically insulated. The first surface is a first side wall of the feature, the second surface is a top surface of the feature, and the third surface is a second side wall of the feature that is not on a common plane with the first side wall of the feature. The first portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the first side wall, the second portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the top surface, and the third portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the second side wall. The second side wall is undercut. The first surface is a first side wall of the feature, the second surface is a second side wall of the feature, the third surface is a third side wall of the feature, the first portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the first side wall, the second portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the second side wall, and the third portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the third side wall. The first surface is a side wall of the feature, the second surface is a bottom surface of the feature, the third surface is a top surface of the feature, the first portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the side wall, the second portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the bottom surface, and the third portion of the nonplanar graphene layer overlays the top surface, where the first nonplanar graphene layer is bent and notched in the feature. The first bending angle is 0.5-230 degrees . The first graphene stack in the first zone comprises one or more additional graphene layers overlaying the nonplanar graphene layer, where the additional graphene layers are either planar or nonplanar.