TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Method involves dissolving conductive polymer precursor in solvent, adding 0.1-4 mol/L inorganic acid, mixing, adding alcohol at ratio of 100:1-1:100, adjusting pH value to 4.0-5.0, adding oxidizing agent, reacting at 0-50 degrees C for 5-24 hours, adding soluble transition metal salt at molar ratio of 1:100-1:10, stirring, adding 0.05-1 M phosphorus-containing compound and/or boron-containing compound, stirring, evaporating at 50-100 degrees C, performing pyrolysis at 500-1500 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours in inert gas and/or reducing atmosphere, pickling in 0.01-2 M inorganic acid for 0.5-24 hours, drying, and milling.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Transition metal salt is transition metal nitrate, carbonate, sulfate, acetate, halide, nitrosamine, acetylacetonate, porphyrin macrocyclic complex and/or phthalocyanine. Transition metal is iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, iridium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, zirconium and/or tungsten. Inert gas is nitrogen, helium and/or argon. Reducing atmosphere is ammonia/nitrogen, ammonia, acetonitrile and/or hydrogen cyanide. Oxidizing agent is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium dichromate, ammonium dichromate and/or potassium dichromate. Inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid or phosphoric acid. Phosphorus-containing compound is phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, monopotassium phosphite, monosodium phosphate, sodium phosphite, sodium phosphate and/or triphenylphosphine. Boron-containing compound is trichloroborazine, boric acid, boron oxide, borate and/or borane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Precursor is aniline, acrylonitrile, thiophene and/or pyrrole. Solvent is water, methanol, isopropanol, acetone, n-hexane, benzene, toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. Alcohol is monohydric alcohol, dihydric alcohol containing 2-8 carbon atoms and/or trihydric alcohol containing 3-8 carbon atoms.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Conductive polymer is polyaniline, polyacrylonitrile, polythiophene and/or polypyrrole.