TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion salt is chosen from 18 lithium salts e.g. lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate and lithium tetrafluoroborate. If the inner electrode is cathode, the layer (330) is a negative electrode active material comprising metallic-element-carbon composite, oxide of metallic element, metallic-element-containing alloy, or lithium-containing titanium oxide complex, silicon, tin, lithium, zinc, magnesium, cadmium, cerium, nickel or iron, and/or natural graphite, artificial graphite or carbonaceous material. The layer (350) is an anode active material layer comprising lithium composites. The inner current collector comprises conductive polymer, nonconductive polymer, surface-treated conductive material, aluminum-cadmium alloy, stainless steel surface-treated with silver, carbon, nickel or titanium, and/or stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon or copper. The separation layer is a porous base material comprising group of polymers, and inorganic particles. The outer current collector comprises conductive polymer, nonconductive polymer, surface-treated conductive material, aluminum-cadmium alloy, stainless steel surface-treated with silver, carbon, nickel or titanium, or stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon or copper, a metal paste comprising metal powder of nickel, aluminum, gold, silver, palladium/silver, chromium, tantalum, copper, barium or indium tin oxide, or a carbon paste comprising carbon powder of graphite, carbon black or carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic electrolytic solution is chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl formate, ( gamma )-butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl acetate and/or methyl propionate. The thermal initiator comprises benzoyl peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile. The monomer having 2 or more functional groups is chosen from trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, divinyl benzene, polyester dimethacrylate, divinyl ether, trimethylol propane, trimethylol propane, trimethacrylate and/or ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate. The polar monomer is chosen from methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate, ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and/or vinyl fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel polymer electrolyte comprises 2-5 wt.% cross-linked polymer with respect total weight of an organic electrolytic solution containing an ion salt. The cross-linked polymer is a copolymer obtained from polar monomer, monomer having 2 or more functional groups, and a thermal initiator.