NOVELTY - Preparing carbon-based ternary composite material, comprises impregnating purified carbon fiber in carbon nanotube catalyst solution, preserving heat, repeating the impregnating and preserving heat processes, heating the purified carbon fiber loaded with carbon nanotube catalyst, introducing carbon source gas, cooling to room temperature, impregnating the carbon-based binary composite material in graphene oxide solution, heating the graphene oxide carbon-based binary composite material, cooling to room temperature, heating, preserving heat and cooling to obtain the composite material.    USE - The method is useful for preparing carbon-based ternary composite material (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method: produces material with improved electrical and mechanical properties; has simple operation process; requires simple experimental device; and is suitable for batch production.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparing carbon-based ternary composite material, comprises: (a) ultrasonically cleaning carbon fibers using deionized water, adding an organic solvent, and then cleaning by ultrasonication, and drying to obtain the purified carbon fiber; (b) loading carbon nanotube catalyst in a solution of catalyst and citric acid in a mol ratio of 1:(0.1-50), impregnating the purified carbon fiber in carbon nanotube catalyst solution, preserving heat at 50-500 degrees C for 1-300 minutes, and repeating the impregnating and preserving heat processes for 200 times to obtain the purified carbon fiber loaded with carbon nanotube catalyst; (c) placing the purified carbon fiber loaded with carbon nanotube catalyst at the center of a tubular resistant furnace, heating under the protection of argon or nitrogen gas to 600-1200 degrees C, preserving heat, replacing by introducing hydrogen for 1-350 minutes, preserving heat at 600-1200 degrees C, introducing carbon source gas for 1-350 minutes, and cooling to room temperature under the protection of argon or nitrogen gas to obtain carbon-based binary composite material; (d) impregnating the carbon-based binary composite material in 0.001-100 mg/ml graphene oxide solution for 1-300 minutes, placing in a muffle furnace, heating to 50-300 degrees C for 1-300 minutes, removing, cooling to room temperature, and repeating the extraction and heat preserving processes for 1-200 times to obtain composite graphene oxide in situ on the carbon-based composite material; and (e) placing the complex comprising the graphene oxide carbon-based binary composite material at the center of a tubular resistant furnace, heating to 200-1200 degrees C for 1-300 minutes, cooling furnace to room temperature, heating, preserving heat and cooling under the protection of argon or nitrogen protective gas to obtain the carbon-based ternary composite material.