TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) additionally involves converting the ester back to free carboxylic acid; concentrating the ester; purifying ester to 90% purity by at least one of crystallization, chromatography or distillation; and subjecting the ester to hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis to produce biofuel compound or compound selected from 1,4-butane-diol (BDO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), gamma -butyrolactone (GBL) or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The fermentation broth contains cell mass and insoluble compounds, where the process (P1) additionally involves filtering the fermentation broth to remove cell mass and insoluble compounds either before drying or after ester synthesis; or the fermentation broth is part of continuous fermentation process, where the process (P1) additionally involves recycling the insoluble compounds back into fermentation broth; or the fermentation broth is part of batch fermentation process, where the process (P1) additionally involves recycling the insoluble compounds into second fermentation reactor. The free carboxylic acids are not subject to activation with halide to form acyl halide. The fermentation broth is at pH of less than 5 (preferably 1.5-4.5). The drying is by at least one of: spray drying, drum drying or cryodesiccation. The mixture of free carboxylic acid contains diacid, triacid or polyacid, and the reaction with alcohol yields minimum of 50% conversion of diacid, triacid or polyacid to corresponding ester of free carboxylic acid. The dried fermentation broth powder is shipped to a location different from where the fermentation broth is sourced. The reaction for ester synthesis is performed at a remote location different from where the fermentation broth is sourced. In the process (P1) and (P2), the reaction temperature is 150-250 degrees C (preferably 180-245 degrees C, especially 200-235 degrees C), reaction pressure is 400-3000 psi (preferably 950-2400 psi, especially 1000-2350 psi), and reaction is run for up to 12 hours. In esterification method (P2), reaction temperature and pressure conditions preferentially drive the reaction towards formation of diester molecules over monoester molecules when the carboxylic acid is polyacid. The free carboxylic acids are derived from fermentation process conducted at pH of less than the pKa of carboxylic acids. The esterification method (P2) additionally involves purifying the ester and regenerating the free carboxylic acid. In the process (P3), the second processing site is located nearer to source of demand for product derivable from fermentation broth powder. The process (P3) additionally involves transforming the synthesized ester to produce product from it. Preferred Components: The alcohol has 1-20C R-group that is saturated, unsaturated, cyclic or aromatic species; or 2-6C diol. The carboxylic acid is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, 15-18C fatty acids, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, glucaric acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, glutaconic acid, ortho-phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, tricarballylic acid and trimesic acid; or polycarboxylic acid selected from dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acid. In the process (P2), the solution of free carboxylic acids (preferably dicarboxylic acids) further includes alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.