TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) additionally involves isolating first fermentation product from unfermented sugars and fermentation solids by method (p1) selected from filtering, centrifuging, evaporation, distillation, crystallization, precipitation, extraction, chromatography and/or electrodialysis; distilling the fermentation product from unfermented sugars and fermentation solids; isolating at least one unfermented sugar from fermentation solids by the method (p1); utilizing the fermentation solids as nutrient source for second fermentation, or to assist in second fermentation, where fermentation solids contain living organisms or remnants of living organisms; converting at least one unfermented sugar to another product, such as when the sugars comprise xylose; isolating lignin-derived compounds, such as soluble lignin-derived compounds, from saccharified material prior to contacting the saccharified material with fermenting organism. One of at least two sugars is glucose, where the organism selectively ferments glucose, and comprises yeast or mixture of organisms, such as yeast and bacterium. The recalcitrance of biomass material is reduced by irradiation with ionizing radiation. The ionizing radiation comprises accelerated electrons from electron beam. A total dose of radiation applied to the material (m1) is 10-200 Mrad, preferably 15-75 Mrad, especially 20-50 Mrad. The saccharified material comprises at least two monosaccharides dissolved in liquid (preferably aqueous). The monosaccharides comprise at least 50 wt.% total carbohydrates available in the material (m1). Two of the monosaccharides are glucose and xylose. The glucose comprises at least 10 wt.% monosaccharides present in saccharified material. The second sugar is produced at concentration of at least 20 g/l. The method (M2) additionally involves filtering the slurry to provide filtrate comprising liquid solution of second sugar and residue; and isolating product from second sugar by distilling the product. The method (M3) additionally involves isolating second fermentation product from unfermented sugars and fermentation solids by method (p1). The fermentation solids are used as nutrient source for mammals, and are isolated as distillation bottoms. The second fermentation uses distillation bottoms as a nutrient source for second fermentation. EXAMPLE - 400 ml of saccharified material was decanted into bioreactor. The material was aerated and heated to 30 degrees C prior to inoculation. Stirring was set at 50 rpm. The pH was measured at 5.2, which was acceptable for fermentation so it was not adjusted. Aeration was discontinued and the contents of bioreactor were inoculated with 5 mg Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fermentation was allowed to proceed for 24 hours. After fermentation the glucose concentration was below the detection limit, the ethanol concentration was 25 g/l, and the xylose concentration was 30 g/l.