TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide coating layer comprises a metal oxide of formula: MaOb (I), where M is at least a metal chosen from elements of Group II-XIII of the periodic table of elements, preferably chosen from zinc, zirconium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, boron, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, titanium, vanadium, iron, copper and aluminum, a is 1-4 and b is 1-10. The metal oxide coating layer comprises at least an oxide chosen from titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, chromium trioxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium dioxide, molybdenum trioxide, vanadium pentoxide, niobium pentoxide and tantalum pentoxide. The metal oxide coating layer is inert to lithium, and does not form a lithium metal oxide with lithium. The content of metal oxide coating layer is 0.1-20 wt.%, and the content of amorphous carbonaceous coating layer is 1-30 wt.% with respect to total weight of the negative active material. The amorphous carbonaceous coating layer comprises amorphous carbon chosen from soft carbon, hard carbon, carbon pitch, meso-phase carbon pitch and/or sintered corks. The composite core, metal oxide coating layer, and the amorphous carbonaceous coating layer are disposed in order, or the composite core, amorphous carbonaceous coating layer, and the metal oxide coating layer are disposed in order. The metal or metalloid nanostructure is a silicon-based nano-wire comprising at least one material chosen from silicon, SiOx and/or Si-Z alloy, where Z is chosen from alkali metal, alkali earth metal, element of Group XI-XVI of the periodic table, transition metal, rare-earth element, but not silicon, and x is 0-2 (excluding 0 and 2). The carbonaceous base comprises at least a component chosen from natural graphite, artificial graphite, expandable graphite, graphene, carbon black, fullerene soot, carbon nanotube and carbon fiber. Preferred Shape: The metal or metalloid nanostructure is at least in a form chosen from nano-wires, nano-tubes, nano-belts, nano-rods, nano-porous components and nano-templates. The carbonaceous base is preferably of spherical, planar, fibrous, tubular or powder form.