NOVELTY - Catalytic conversion of lignocellulose to levulinic acid comprises mixing cation and anion of acidic ion liquid and wood cellulose to obtain mixed liquid, reacting the mixed liquid, and extracting obtained reaction liquid. The cation of acidic ion liquid is imidazole cation (I), pyridine cation (II), quaternary ammonium cation (III), phosphonium cation (IV), piperidine cation (V), pyrrole cation (VI), pyrazole cation (VII), benzimidazole cation (VIII), guanidine cation (IX), thiazole cation (X), triazole cation (XI), sulfonium positive ion (XII) or pyridine positive ion (XIII).    USE - The method is useful for catalytic conversion of lignocellulose to levulinic acid (claimed).    ADVANTAGE - The method is capable of catalytic conversion of lignocellulose to levulinic acid in an eco-friendly manner with high yield and shortened reaction time.    DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Catalytic conversion of lignocellulose to levulinic acid comprises mixing cation and anion of acidic ion liquid and wood cellulose in a mass ratio of greater than 10000 to obtain mixed liquid, reacting the mixed liquid at temperature of 400 degrees C for 0.01-10 hours to obtain reaction liquid, extracting obtained reaction liquid. The cation of acidic ion liquid is imidazole cation of formula (I), pyridine cation of formula (II), quaternary ammonium cation of formula (III), phosphonium cation of formula (IV), piperidine cation of formula (V), pyrrole cation of formula (VI), pyrazole cation of formula (VII), benzimidazole cation of formula (VIII), guanidine cation of formula (IX), thiazole cation of formula (X), triazole cation of formula (XI), sulfonium positive ion of formula (XII) or pyridine positive ion of formula (XIII). The anion of acidic ion liquid is chlorine ion, bromine ion, iodine ion, sulfate ion, bisulfate anion, nitrate anion, phosphate anion, phosphate anion, tetrafluoroborate anion, hexafluorophosphate anion, arsenic fluoride anion, antimony fluoride anion.    R = H, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, nitro, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or sulfonic acid.