TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous phase comprises less than 1000 ppm metal ions, based on total weight of the aqueous phase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous phase is 0.1-25 wt.%. The weight ratio of surfactant and thiophene monomer is 10:1-1:10. The surfactant is an anionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant exhibits a sulfonate group or a sulfate group. The surfactant comprises dodecyl sulfonic acid, octyl sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid dodecyl ester, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, lauryl ether sulfate, sulfonic acid compounds of formula (R-SO3X) (IIa), (R-OSO3X) (IIb), (R-(O-CH2-CH2-O)n-(CH2)m-SO3X) (IIc) or (R-(O-CH2-CH2-O)n-(CH2)m-OSO3X) (IId) and/or sulfonic acid salts of formula (III) or (IV). At least 50 mole% sulfonate groups or sulfate groups of the surfactant are present in protonated form. The pH of the aqueous phase during the oxidative polymerization of the thiophene monomer is less than 5. The organic peroxide is of formula (R1-O-O-R1) (V). The organic peroxide is dibenzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide and/or tert-butyl peroxide.R = 5-25C alkyl or 7-30C aralkyl;m = 1-5;n = 1-100;X = H+, Na+, K+, Li+ or NH4+;R11 = H, (CH2)15CH3; andR1 = 1-20C alkyl or 2-20C acyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) providing an aqueous phase comprising the surfactant, (ii) adding the thiophene monomers and organic peroxide to the aqueous phase, (iii) oxidatively polymerizing the thiophene monomers in presence of the surfactant to obtain the dispersion comprising complexes of polythiophene and the surfactant, and (iv) optionally at least partially replacing water in the dispersion against an organic solvent. EXAMPLE - 960 g Freshly prepared dodecyl sulfuric acid stock solution (prepared by dissolving 18 g sodium dodecyl sulfate in 750 g water, mixing the obtained solution with 31 ml Lewatit MonoPlus S 108 H (RTM: Cation exchange resin) and stirring the solution for 15 minutes) was added with 11.2 g 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Then portions of 29.07 g 75% Luperox A75 (RTM: Dibenzoyl peroxide) in water was added for 2 hours under stirring. Then the obtained reaction solution was stirred at 60 degrees C for 24 hours. Then the obtained dispersion was filtered through a fluted filter and purified by ultrafiltration. Then 1000 g water was added to 1000 g the dispersion and the dispersion was pumped along a membrane having 50 nm pore size until the volume was reduced to 1000 g. Then permeate was discarded. Then the dispersion was filtered through 0.45 mu m syringe filter to obtain the dispersion.