TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The treatment material comprises 35-45 pts. wt. magnesium carbonate, 15-25 pts. wt. calcium hydroxide, 15-25 pts. wt. activated carbon, and 15-25 pts. wt. calcium chloride with respect to 100 pts. wt. zeolite; or 40 pts. wt. magnesium carbonate, 20 pts. wt. calcium hydroxide, 20 pts. wt. activated carbon, and 20 pts. wt. calcium chloride with respect to 100 pts. wt. zeolite. Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises mixing 100 pts. wt. zeolite, 35-45 pts. wt. magnesium carbonate, 15-25 pts. wt. calcium hydroxide, 15-25 pts. wt. activated carbon, and 15-25 pts. wt. calcium chloride in water; or mixing 100 pts. wt. zeolite, 40 pts. wt. magnesium carbonate, 20 pts. wt. calcium hydroxide, 20 pts. wt. activated carbon, and 20 pts. wt. calcium chloride in water. EXAMPLE - 5 g Zeolite (comprised of 81 wt.% silica, 10 wt.% alumina, 1.5 wt.% magnesium oxide, 2 wt.% calcium oxide, 3 wt.% sodium oxide and 2.5 wt.% iron oxide), 2 g magnesium carbonate, 1 g calcium hydroxide, 1 g activated carbon and 1g liquid calcium chloride, were mixed in water at 60 degrees C for one hour to obtain wastewater treatment material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The hindered amine compound (A) has weight average molecular weight of 1500-10000 g/mol. The hindered amine compound (B) has weight average molecular weight of less than 500 g/mol. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of hindered amine compound (A) and hindered amine compound (B) is 2:1-1:2. The hindered amine compound (B) is chosen from 20 compounds e.g. 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 piperidone, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl acetate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl stearate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl 2-ethylhexanoate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl benzoate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-4-tert-butyl-benzoate and N- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)dodecyl succinimide. The antioxidant is mixture of phosphorus-based antioxidant or phenol-based antioxidant in molar ratio of 2:1-1:2. The phenol-based antioxidant is chosen from 3-((3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)-2,2-bis(((3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)oxy)methyl)propyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, 4-((4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol, and octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate. The phenol-based antioxidant is chosen from tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphate, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenophosphite and tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4,4'-diylbisphosphonite. The alpha -olefin is chosen from 1-propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene and 1-decene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene resin is ethylene homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene and alpha -olefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer materials contain: organic fertilizer comprising bat droppings (guano), molasses, and effective microorganisms (EM); organic pesticides comprising brotowali (Tinospora crispa) stem, neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves and noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit; and well water. The guano, molasses, EM and well water are present in a volume ratio of 9.01:0.45:0.45:90.09%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pH of the liquid substrate in the bioreactor is adjusted to pH 5. The sterilization is performed at 121 degrees C and for 15 minutes. The process comprises adding 1 g/l of ammonium sulfate and 1% of trace elements. The cultivation is performed at initial pH of 5 and room temperature of 30 degrees C. The agitation is performed at speed of 150 rpm and aeration at 1-2 vvm for 24 hours. The process comprises stopping agitation and aeration after cultivation for 6 hours. Preferred Components: The initial sugar concentration on sago starch hydrolyzates is 30%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: At least 25%, more preferably 50%, most preferably 100% hydrolyzed biomass is mixed with the supplied fresh biomass. The mixture formed during the preheating step is separated again into preheated, fresh biomass and partially cooled, hydrolyzed biomass. During separation, portion of hydrolyzed biomass is entrained by the preheated fresh biomass. The biomass mixture is separated by screening process. The separation step involves mixing hydrolyzed biomass with supplied fresh biomass before preheating process, and cooling separated product by performing heat-exchange process with cooling medium, where single medium is used as cooling medium for hydrolyzed biomass and as preheating medium for fresh biomass. The biomass preheated is further heated before performing hydrolysis by performing heat-exchange process with heating medium. The hydrolysed biomass is pre-cooled by performing heat-exchange process with pre-cooling medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent in liquid-solid extraction technology, crystallization and recrystallization, is petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, trichloromethane, or dichloromethane. ACTIVITY - Cardiovascular-Gen..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The complex micro-ecological preparation has viable cell viable count of 5x 108 to 2x 1010 cfu/g and the amount used per acre is 20-100 g. The number of viable cells per gram of the product of each strain includes: Bacillus tequilensis (ZSGD5), first class Bacillus subtilis, second class Bacillus subtilis, first class Bacillus licheniformis, second class Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus megaterium respectively of 1x 108 to 5x 109 cfu/g, 1x 108 to 5x 109 cfu/g, 1x 108 to 5x 109 cfu/g, 5x 107 to 1x 109 cfu/g, 0.8x 107 to 5x 108 cfu/g, 0.2x 107 to 1x 108 cfu/g, 5x 107 to 1x 109 cfu/g and 5x 108 to 2x 1010 cfu/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The gas outlet is connected to gas-liquid separation column; the gas-liquid separation column is connected to gas purification column; the gas purification column is connected to gas quenching column; and the gas quenching column is connected to spray filter column. The carbonization reaction kettle is set with an inner spiral stirrer, which extends into the upper part of the gas catalytic reactor. The gas catalytic reactor is provided with multiple heating pipes in the center, which are connected to the heating chamber; and the heating chamber is connected to the gas phase catalytic reactor via heating tank. The lower portion of the gas catalytic reactor is provided with a conveyor, which extend into the carbon slag incineration chamber via anoxic reaction chamber. The heating chamber and the anoxic reaction chamber are provided with fire grate junction. The lower part of the carbon slag incineration chamber is provided with a slag outlet, which is connected to the slag discharging device. The heating chamber is provided with an emergency discharge chimney, and a burner is set on top of the heating chamber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of acid is 0.05-20 %mass. The acid is acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid or tartaric acid. The crosslinking agent is formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde or succinaldehyde. The concentration of the crosslinking agent is 5-40 %mass. Preferred Method: The method involves performing stirring process at 220-1000 revolutions/minute (rpm).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The anionic silicone surfactant is of formula (I). The average molecular weight of the anionic silicone surfactant is 778-48202. The anionic silicone surfactant is silicone polymers having same molecular weight distribution, or two or more polymers having different molecular weight distribution, or their mixtures.m=0-500;n=4-60;R=CH2 or CHCH3;andM=alkali metal. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bran is selected from fresh edible mushroom, needle mushroom, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Pleurotus eryngii or crab taste mushroom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus licheniformis has an accession number of CGMCC No. 6677. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The tea fertilizer comprises 40 wt.% lees, 10 wt.% rapeseed oil cake, 20 wt.% quail manure, 10 wt.% chicken manure, 13 wt.% urea, 5 wt.% phosphate rock and 2 wt.% biological bacterial strain. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The colorant is an organic dye. Preferred Method: The standing step is carried out for 10-20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of deoxygenation is carried out using catalyst consisting of iron/alumina, iron-molybdenum/alumina and cobalt-molybdenum/alumina. The methanation step is carried out using nickel-based catalyst which is nickel/alumina and nickel/alumina-magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The usage method of bifunctional magnetic solid alkali catalyst for production of biodiesel involves adding oil and methanol as raw materials to a reactor, adjusting temperature to 30-80 degrees C, adding bifunctional magnetic solid alkali catalyst, stirring for 1-3 hours, evaporating to remove residual methanol, layering, collecting upper layer as biodiesel product, and separating. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of oil and methanol is 6:1-10:1. The oil is chosen from vegetable oil, soybean oil, animal oil and waste oil, preferably soybean oil. The amount of bifunctional magnetic solid alkali catalyst is 1-5 %mass based on total amount of oil and methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture material comprises 15% sawdust, 36% corn core, 15% bagasse, 20% bran, 5% corn powder, 5% soybean meal, 2% calcium carbonate and 2% lime, where the moisture content of material after pre-wet processing is 65% and pH is 8. Preferred Method: The corn core is crushed into diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm and then subjected to softening treatment. The pre-wet mixed material is immediately subjected to bagging within 2 hours, and the bagging step specifically as flows: (a) selecting fully unfolded 18 cmx 35 cmx 0.005 cm polypropylene bag, (b) packaging and pressing into the polypropylene bag, where the bagging speed is 13-14 cm/second, the filling height is 35 cm, and the weight of each bag is 1300-1400 g, and (c) pressing to height of 18 cm and providing inoculating hole in the middle of the bag, where the inoculating hole is vertically inverted cone-shaped hole and a cover plug is set at the opening of bag. The polypropylene bags are subjected to high temperature softening treatment at 30-40 degrees C for 2-3 hours prior to bagging. The top part diameter of the inoculating hole is 2 cm, the bottom diameter is 1 cm and the height is 16 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the sawdust is mountain sawdust, the humus content is 1.8-2.5%, the pH value is 5.5-6.5. In the step (iv), the fertilizer is calcium phosphate or calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer. The preparation of humic soil comprises mixing autumn season deciduous leaves, Bacillus, soil and less amount of water uniformly, stacking stack, covering with plastic thin film, naturally composting, turning once for every six months, then adding animal urine, and decomposing to obtain humic soil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Method: The electrode is installed with a cathode and anode tube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method is carried out at 75-85 degrees C through an electric field for 2 seconds using a power supply of at least 1800 volts, an electric current of 250 milliampere (mA) and a rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises pretreating citric acid and sodium chloride solution, heating the mixture, uniformly stirring, uniformly mixing, removing peculiar smell and impurities, separating, and recycling. The pretreating step is carried out at 0 degrees C. The stirring step is carried out at 1 degrees C. The separating step is carried out at 4-6 degrees C. The heating step is carried out at 80-100 degrees C. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon compound is present in an amount of 5-10 mass%. The amount of magnesium silicate is 1 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of beta -cyclodextrin and water is 1:3.5:60. The heating reflux extraction time is 10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The molar ratio of hydrogen sulfate and molybdovanadophosphoric acid (H4PMo11VO40) is 4:1. The molar ratio of hydrogen sulfate and molybdovanadophosphoric acid (H5PMo10V2O 40) is 5:1. The molar ratio of hydrogen sulfate and molybdovanadophosphoric acid (H6PMo9V3O40) is 6:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The usage method of heteropoly acid ionic liquid involves adding heteropoly acid ionic liquid as catalyst, methanol as solvent, and oil into a flask, refluxing at 50-90 degrees C for 3-7 hours, stirring, placing resultant product into a separating funnel, layering, separating upper layer as product of biodiesel, removing glycerol, water and methanol, and obtaining biodiesel. The amount of heteropoly acid ionic liquid is 3-9% based on amount of oil. Preferred Composition: The oil is chosen from Chlorella-extracted oil, soybean oil or waste cooking oil. The molar ratio of methanol and oil is (3-11):1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The tripotassium phosphate is prepared by dissolving urea phosphate in solution tank, where mass ratio of urea phosphate to water is 1:1, stirring at 30-40 revolutions/minute and at 38 degrees C temperature, stirring to dissolve uniformly, and standing; adding potassium hydroxide, where molar ratio of urea phosphate to potassium hydroxide is 1:2.95-3.05, reacting at 40-80 degrees C, stirring at 30 revolutions/minute for 30-90 minutes; and crystallizing, cooling to less than 35 degrees C, separating out crystal, centrifuging, to obtain filtrate and filter cake as potassium chloride crystal, and drying at 90 degrees C. The reacting process is carried out 50-70 degrees C for 50-70 minutes, preferably 60 degrees C for 60 minutes. The cooling process is carried out at less than 30 degrees C. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of urea phosphate to potassium hydroxide is 1:2.95-3 or 1:3-3.05.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The concentration of the aqueous solution of diethyldithiocarbamate is 20-50 %.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The crop waste is plant straw including cotton straw pole, wheat straw pole, water pole, rice straw, bean straw pole, corn straw, cassava pole and Sorghum straw pole. The biological microbial inoculum is Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, Actinomycetes, acetic acid bacteria or Trichoderma. Preferred Method: The crushing step is carried out at granularity of 100-200 meshes. The drying step is performed until the water content is less than 5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The synergistic agent is sodium nitrate or trimethoprim. The total content of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is more than 45%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Organic matter is prepared by fermenting (in pts.wt.): dried hyacinth (1000), bamboo leaves (600) and duck manure (150) with water in an anaerobic tank for 35-40 days. The fermented organic matter is dried, where the moisture content is 12-15%, The fermented organic matter is mixed with water (1500) to obtain the desired product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of catalyst is 0.1-5 wt.%, where catalyst is Lewis acid, preferably formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, vanadium pentoxide, or maleic anhydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The medium is organic acid, organic acid anhydride, mineral oil, synthetic oil, animal and plant oil, silicone oil, dihydric alcohol, and/or polyhydric alcohol. The dihydric alcohol is ethanediol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, or hexanediol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The anion exchange resin is styrene, divinylbenzene, and other components of polymerization with three-dimensional skeleton dimensional network structure and alkaline. Preferred Method: The thermal cracking process is carried out at 120-750 degrees C. The method further comprises separating and purifying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Filter core of high-temperature filter is sintered ceramic with pore size of 2-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of covering layer and the fertilizer granule is 0.4-4:6-15; the concentration of molasses alcohol ferment liquid is 20-40%; the weight ratio of stearic acid, adhesive and mineral powder is 7:2:20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises grinding 1.5-1.8 pts. wt. sepiolite, 1.5-1.6 pts. wt. hydroxyapatite, 0.8-0.9 pts. wt. pearl, 1.2-1.4 pts. wt. dicyandiamide powder and 1-1.2 pts. wt. fly ash into powder, and mixing uniformly in a reactor with 35-38 pts. wt. urea and 18-20 pts. wt. water. Preferred Components: The fermentation temperature is 32-34 degrees C and the fermentation time is 2 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The kitchen waste includes food leftover, vegetable, tea leaves, tea leave residue, coffee residue, fruit peel, egg shell, bone and/or scallop. The components of the Chinese herbal medicine are fresh or dry products. The organic fertilizer is organic fertilizer obtained by microbial fermentation and decomposition treatment. Preferred Method: Preparation of ecological fertilizer in paste form is as follows: grinding the dry material into powder of 120 meshes, adding 2-2.5 times of total weight of water and grinding in a grinding machine to obtain paste. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali in aqueous alkali solution is chosen from sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The usage amount of water and thionyl chloride is same.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The obtained reaction product is post-processed, reaction solvent is removed, subjected to organic solvent extraction process, washed using aqueous alkali solution and saturated sodium chloride solution, the organic phase is dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and solvent is removed, to obtain oily compound containing 2-chloro-1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)ethan-1-one (I). The oily compound is added to nonpolar solvent, dissolved, stirred, crystallized, and solid product is separated out, to obtain 2-chloro-1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)ethan-1-one (I). Tetrahydrofuran is mixed with 2-(dimethanesulfinylidene)-1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)ethan-1-one (II). Preferred Composition: The organic solvent used in solvent extraction process is chosen from ethyl acetate, toluene, dichloromethane and chloroform. The nonpolar solvent is 4-8C ring-opened ether, more preferably diisopropyl ether. The molar ratio of 2-(dimethanesulfinylidene)-1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-yl)ethan-1-one (II), water and thionyl chloride is (1-2):1:1, preferably (1.5-1.9):1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises (a) dissolving 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl-2H)-2,6-piperidine-dione salt in a solvent at room temperature, where the volume ratio between the salt and the solvent is 1:10-1:30 g/ml, (b) adding sodium bicarbonate solution into the resulting solution to adjust pH to 7-9, (c) heating the reaction mixture at 60-90 degrees C and incubating for 24-48 hours, and (d) cooling to 40-60 degrees C, and crystallizing the obtained mixture at to obtain (I). Preferred Components: Infrared absorption spectrum of the polymorph (I) shows characteristic absorption peak as given in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (iii), the metal catalyst is palladium-carbon or Raney nickel, where the amount of metal catalyst added into N-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-3-nitrophthalimide, is 5-30 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the solvent is petroleum ether, toluene, dimethylbenzene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl benzamide or cyclohexane. In the step (i), the mol ratio of 3-nitro-phthalic acid and acetic anhydride, is 1:1-8. In the step (ii), the mol ratio of 3-nitro phthalic anhydride and L-glutamine, is 0.5-2:1, and the mol ratio of 3-nitro phthalic anhydride and acetic anhydride, is 1:1-8. In the step (ii), the alkali is triethylamine, diethylamine, pyridine, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate, and the mol ratio of 3-nitro phthalic anhydride and alkali, is 1-8:1. In the step (ii), the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, toluene, dimethylbenzene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl benzamide or cyclohexane. In the step (iii), the solvent is methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the heating reaction temperature is 40-155 degrees C, and the reaction time is 0.5-20 hours. In the step (ii), the heating reaction temperature while adding alkali dropwise into acetic anhydride, is 80-155?OC, reaction time while adding alkali, is 0.5-6 hours, and the reaction time while adding acetic anhydride, is 1-6 hours, and the cooling temperature after heating the alkali, is 40-75 degrees C. In the step (iii), the pressure is 0.1-8 MPa, heating reaction temperature is 10-80 degrees C, and the heating time is 0.5-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The temperature of foam separation column is controlled at 25-40?oC. Preferred Properties: The ratio of column height and inner diameter of foam separation column is 14-16:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid. The content of hydrochloric acid in aqueous solution of inorganic acid is 5-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of camptothecin in the precipitate is 2-4 mL/g. The compound (I) is chosen from 1-decylguanidine, 1-dodecylguanidine, 1-hexadecylguanidine and 1-octadecylguanidine. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=H, -(CH2)9CH3, -(CH2)11CH3, -(CH2)15CH3 or -(CH2)17CH3.
ACTIVITY - Anti-HIV; Antiinflammatory; Hepatotropic; Virucide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pyrimidine-containing compound (III) is obtained by reacting cyclopentanone-containing compound of formula (IV) and Nysted reagent in presence of organic solvent (A) and titanium tetrachloride or titanium tetrabromide under protection of inert gas. Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The protonic acid is chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, trifluoroacetic acid and methanesulfonic acid. The molar ratio of pyrimidine-containing compound (III) and protonic acid is 0.1-100. The organic solvent (A) is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, ether and tert-butyl methyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Biomass glyceryl system contains glycerol, tert.-butanol, tri-tert.-butyl glycerol ether, di-tert.-butyl glycerol ether, mono-tert.-butyl glycerol ether, polybutadiene, and/or methanol. Volume ratio glyceryl:ethanol:diesel fuel in biomass is 1:1:1-1:10:200. Preferred Conditions: Blended fuel is used at - 10-45 degrees C. Blended fuel is prepared in anhydrous condition. Preferred Processes: Oxygen-containing additive is added to blended fuel system to reduce combustion exhaust e.g. carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (NO), and unregulated aldehyde and increase solubility of glycerol in ethanol and gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particle diameter of calcium oxide and calcium sulfate is less than 0.2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon is carried out at 37 degrees C and a pH of 6-8 under a salinity of 0.5-5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chiral amine is (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine. The lipase is TLIM (RTM: Immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus) lipase, Novozym 435 (RTM: Lipase B derived from Candida antarctica), porcine pancreatic lipase or Amano (RTM: Lipase derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens) AK, preferably Novozym 435 (RTM: Lipase B derived from Candida antarctica). The organic solvent is toluene. The molecular weight of chitosan or chitosan complex is 2x 105-5x 105. The chitosan complex is polyethylene glycol chitosan complex. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of toluene to hydroxy group containing compound is 1-10 times. The mass ratio of lipase with hydroxy group containing compound is 0.001-100:1, preferably 0.1-0.2:1. The molar ratio of chiral amine with hydroxy group containing compound is 0.01-50:1, preferably 1.05-1.1:1. The mass ratio of chitosan or chitosan complex with hydroxy group containing compound is 0.01-100:1, preferably 0.5-2:1. Preferred Method: The method involves filtering reaction solution after the reaction to remove lipase and chitosan or chitosan complex, extracting aqueous solution for 1-3 times, preferably once using 2-5 times, preferably 3 times of dichloromethane, combining organic phase, drying using rotary evaporator to obtain crude product, and recrystallizing to obtain the product. The reaction is carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at -10 degrees C to 90 degrees C, preferably 30-40 degrees C for 1-72 hours, preferably 8-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves obtaining fermented waste residue after 0-72 hours fermentation by Streptomyces natalensis, adding C.cohnii powder to 5-50 g/l waste residue and fermenting mixture, where pH during fermentation is 7-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: Drying temperature is 100-130 degrees C, and drying time is 2-5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sedimentation tanks have width and height of 1:1.5-3, and comprise polyethylene and PVC plastic water tube, an inner mounting device, a submersible pump, a water level controller, a diving pump made of soft plastic, a soft plastic water inlet connected with a waterproof electromagnetic valve and a photoelectric water liquid sensor. The photoelectric water liquid sensor is connected with a wire controller and an inflation tube, which is connected with U or V type sensor in a sedimentation tank. The sedimentation tank is provided with a floating ball and an electromagnetic valve made of plastic. The water inlet is provided with a floating ball at a bottom of a photoelectric sensor having a height of 0.5-2 cm. The photoelectric sensor is connected to a CPU in an electric control box. The water tube is connected with a clean water liquid separation device having a diameter of 200-400 mm, a height of 1.5-3.6 m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer further comprises 4-10 pts. wt. lavender, 3-8 pts. wt. Viburnum macrocephalum and 4-9 pts. wt. jasmine flower. Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 28 pts. wt. Chinchilla excrement, 7 pts. wt. Auricula strain, 15 pts. wt. effective microorganisms (EM), 18 pts. wt. birch mushroom, 6 pts. wt. Armillaria tabescens, 44 pts. wt. waste material, 18 pts. wt. peat, 27 pts. wt. urea, 33 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 2 pts. wt. microbial fermentation inoculum and 3 pts. wt. adhesive. The fertilizer comprises 7 pts. wt. lavender, 6 pts. wt. Viburnum macrocephalum and 6 pts. wt. jasmine flower. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the cultivation process is carried out under illumination for 22 hours, and maintaining the temperature at 26 degrees C. In the step (ii), the fermentation process is carried out for 12 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal ion is titanium ion, nickel ion, ferrous ion or chromium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Powdered superphosphate and nitrogen or potassium-containing fertilizer are mixed, obtained mixture is granulated by spraying ammonium sulfate liquid, and dried, to obtain fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Waste liquid is a mixture of hydrochloric acid, iron, magnesium, calcium and chloride. Filter press is selected from membrane filter press and dense or tubular filter press.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: (in wt.%): Organic fertilizer comprises organic matter (15-25), organic alcohol waste liquid (70-80), microelement (1-2) and probiotics (3-4 hundred million per gram of fertilizer). Preferred Components: Organic matter comprises sugar cane bagasse, manioc waste and straw. Alcohol waste liquid is sugar cane alcohol fermentation liquid or cassava alcohol fermentation liquid. Alkaline hydrolysis agent is lime, ammonia or ammonium carbonate. Acid hydrolysis agent is 60-85% sulfuric acid, 60-95% hydrochloric acid, 70-95% phosphoric acid, or their combinations. Probiotic is selected from Rhizobium, Azotobacter, phosphorus and potassium producing bacteria. Base culture medium component comprises (in %): peptone (0.5-1), sodium chloride (0.5-2) and sodium phosphate (0.5-2). Trace elements comprise iron, boron, arsenic, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, selenium and magnesium. The organic fertilizer is prepared through granulation production. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Conditions: The density of fermented vinegar residue is 0.1-0.5 grams per cubic centimeter, and pH is 6.0-6.8. The bulk density of peat is 0.1-0.5 grams per cubic centimeter, The bulk density of vermiculite is 0.1-0.5 grams per cubic centimeter, and pH is 6.8-8. Preferred Compositions: Substrate comprises fermented vinegar residue (50-60), grass carbon (20-30) and vermiculite (10-20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Organic matter is bagasse or manioc waste. The content of diluted phosphoric acid is 2-10%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Alkaline hydrolysis liquid is lime, liquid ammonia, ammonium carbonate or their mixtures. Acidic hydrolysis solution is 60-85% sulfuric acid, 60-95% hydrochloric acid, 70-95% phosphoric acid or their mixtures. Humic acid is brown humic acid, black humic acid or fulvic acid or their mixtures. Base culture medium component comprises (in %): peptone (0.5-1), sodium chloride (0.5-2) and sodium phosphate (0.5-2). Probiotics comprises Rhizobium, Azotobacter and phosphorus and potassium producing bacteria. Trace elements comprise iron, boron, arsenic, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, selenium or magnesium. Preferred Process: Bran fertilizer liquid is prepared by taking tung bran (30-50 parts) in a plastic bucket or basin. Water (50-70 parts) is added to the obtained material, and then sealed the obtained material for 40-60 days to obtain bran fertilizer solution. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of covering layer and fertilizer particle is 0.4-4:6-15. The concentration of molasses alcohol fermentation liquid is 20-40%. The weight ratio of stearic acid, adhesive and ore powder is 7:2:20. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The spore liquid comprises Bacillus including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus natto and Bacillus megaterium, where the spore content is not less than 200 hundred million spores/g. The alcohol is 95% ethanol. The concentration of triacontanol in the triacontanol raw powder is not less than 90%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (i) further comprises addition of 10-20 pts. wt. inorganic compound, where the inorganic compound is a compound containing at least one of macro element or trace element, the macro element includes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the trace element includes iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, chlorine and nickel. Preferred Components: The culture medium is lysogeny broth culture medium or potato dextrose agar culture medium. The auxiliary carbon source is rice bran, wheat bran, corn starch or straw powder. The amount of Beauveria bassiana hyphae and spore is 1000-3000 billion/g, the live spore rate is more than 90%, and the amount of Beauveria bassiana spore in the fertilizer is 6-10 billion/g of dry product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer comprises (in pts. wt.): silkworm excrement (60), duck manure (30), pig manure (30), rapeseed cake (15), straw particle (320), river sludge (35) and potassium fertilizer (25). Preferred Components: Straw particle comprises (in wt.%): wild rice straw (40), rice straw (40) and rapeseed straw (20). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis (D9) having a preservation number CGMCC NO.9170. The Bacillus subtilis has following biological characteristics: has white colony, irregular edge, dry surface; is opaque, gram-positive and motile; is rod shaped and spore forming and has two rounded ends observed through electron microscope. In the step (c), the pig or cattle manure has mung bean germination rate of more than 98%, ascaris eggs death rate of more than 95% and Escherichia coli number of less than 100/g. Preferred Method: The liquid fermentation culture medium is prepared by taking 3.5 g glucose, 8.5 g corn starch, 25 g yellow bean meal, 3 g calcium carbonate, 1 g ammonium sulfate, 0.2 g manganese sulfate, 0.35 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g magnesium sulfate, and 1000 ml water, sterilizing at 115 degrees C for 0.5 hours. The solid fermentation culture medium is prepared by completely mixing 80 g bran, 10 g rice hull, 5 g corn powder, 5 g bean cake powder, 0.8 g ammonium sulfate, 0.3 g magnesium sulfate and 0.1 g manganese sulfate, adding water in a ratio of 1:1.2, and sterilizing at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The trace element includes copper, manganese, zinc and/or boron. The weight ratio of stearic acid, adhesive and mineral powder is 7:2:20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Enrichment culture medium of organism decomposing bacteria is Martin culture medium. The enrichment culture medium of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is Ashby nitrogen-free medium. The nutrition material is a soil additive, where the weight ratio of nutrition material and soil is 1:1-5, preferably 1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of soybean curd residue and rice bran is 38-43:22-23. The weight ratio of wine and old rice is 0.6-0.7:33-40. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (iii), the desorption agent added comprises 4-15% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 5-20% ammonium hydroxide solution or 4-15% hydrochloric acid solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the adsorption resin or ion exchange resin added is styrene-based adsorption resin, acrylate resin adsorption, strong base anion exchange resin, weak base anion exchange resin or pyrrolidonyl-based adsorbent resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The dosage ratio of pond sludge, straw, chicken manure and mushroom residue is 10:(3-4):(2-3):(1-2). The mushroom residue includes flat mushroom residue, shiitake mushroom residue, Agaric mushroom residue, Flammulina mushroom residue, poplar mushroom residue, Agrocybe mushroom residue, white fungus mushroom residue, Ganoderma mushroom residue and/or Hericium mushroom residue. The straw includes wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw and/or cotton straw. The dosage ratio of microbial inoculum and secondary fermentation organic fertilizer is 1:(1000-1500). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strong base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The metal is nickel. The alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biodiesel batch reactor comprises means for stirring components comprising the mesh material placed into the batch reactor. The mesh comprises a metal, a plastic (both preferred) or a polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first and second components are heated to 40-65 degrees C, preferably 50-55 degrees C or 45-60 degrees C before being combined. The first and second components are combined, where the combination is heated to 30-70 degrees C for 30-120 minutes, preferably 50-60 degrees C for 30-90 minutes. Preferred Components: The short chain alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The natural oil is vegetable oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given. .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of carbon dioxide and water is 0.3-1. The molar ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in synthesis gas is 2 plus minus 0.5. Preferred Process: The nickel catalyst membrane is formed by pressing nickel powder coated with alumina. Preferred Property: The alumina-coated nickel powder has average particle diameter of 1-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The syngas from the ATR has a steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C ratio) of 0.4-1.8, preferably around 0.6. The syngas from the SMR has an S/C ratio of 1.4-3.3, preferably 2.5. The syngas from the SMR is sent to the methanol synthesis unit to increase the methanol production. The syngas from the ATR is sent to the shift downstream the ATR, and carbon dioxide is optionally removed from the synthesis gas feed to the methanol synthesis unit to increase the urea production. The SMR syngas is directed to the methanol synthesis, if a higher proportion of methanol is desired. The ATR syngas is directed to the shift downstream the ATR, and carbon dioxide is optionally removed from the synthesis gas feed to the methanol synthesis and used for urea production, if a higher proportion of urea is desired. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of degrading bacteria mixture is 5-6 vol%/vol%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The culture medium contains 5-10 g peptone, 2-5 g yeast, 1-1.5 g ammonium nitrate, 0.1-0.5 g sodium chloride, 0.1-0.2 g sodium sulfate hepahydrate, 0.05-0.2 g iron(II) chloride dihydrate, 0.01-0.05 g iron(III) chloride hexahydrate and 0.5-1 g potassium hydrogen phosphate, and has pH of 7.2-7.4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of sodium carbonate, iron sulfate and polyacrylamide is 200 mg/L, 3 mg/L and 1.3 mg/L, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gallium nitride layer comprises n-type gallium nitride. The photochemical reaction region further contains fine particles of metal oxide including nickel. The electrolytes contain potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium chloride and/or sodium chloride. The metal of reductive reaction region is chosen from copper, gold, silver, tantalum and indium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is 1.1% potassium hydroxide. Preferred Device: Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler is provided to cool the exhaust gases. The system comprises a particulate filter in route of EGR to restrict the admission of particulates in the cylinders.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The emulsion of water and waste vegetable oil ethyl ester further comprises a surfactant, where the surfactant is Tween 80 and Span 80. The alcohol is ethanol. Preferred Composition: The water is 1-5% v/v of total fuel composition. The amount of alcohol ranges from 5% to 10% v/v of total fuel composition. The fuel is blended with diesel at 50% of total composition. Surfactant is 0.5% to 1.2% v/v of total composition. Alcohol for transesterification is 20% ethanol. Preferred Parameters: The surfactant has combined hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 13. In the system, the rate of recirculating exhaust gases is 5%. Preferred Process: Transesterification is in presence of a catalyst. Preferred Condition: The transesterification is at 70 degrees C for 1.5 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The processing system of organic waste further contains a methane storage tank (26) for storing methane separated from the methane separation apparatus, and a heat exchanger apparatus (21,22) for heat-exchanging the waste gas emitted from the apparatus (16). Preferred Property: The membrane (18) has pressure resistance of 200 kPa or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing the beta-glucosidase variant comprises designing a library of mutant beta-glucosidase enzymes having an amino acid sequence having a sequence identity of at least 80% to SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprising an amino acid substitution at the position corresponding to Gln211 at positions 1-871 of SEQ ID NO: 2; and selecting beta-glucosidase variant with reduced transglycosylation activity. Preferred Variant: In the beta-glucosidase variant, the amino acid substitution is Gln211His. The beta-glucosidase variant comprises SEQ ID NO: 4, or SEQ ID NO: 5. Preferred Construct: The gene construct is an expression vector. Preferred Cell: The cell is Myceliophthora thermophila C1 strain. Preferred Composition: The enzyme composition further comprises other cellulolytic enzymes, where the other cellulolytic enzymes are selected from endoglucanases, beta-glucosidases, cellobiohydrolases, beta-xylosidases and its combination. It also comprises the cell. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic residues comprise pig manure, cow manure, waste from biodiesel production industry, stillage waste and canning.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The upper portion includes 40-45 wt.% wood flour as fuel ash, 8-12 wt.% charcoal powder, 15-20 wt.% combustion preparation active charcoal powder, 4-6 wt.% strontium nitrate as oxidizing agent, 8-12 wt.% micro-wax coated calcium nitrate as moisture prevention material, 4-6 wt.% potassium nitrate as ignition agent, 2-4 wt.% cellulose as bonding agent and 4-8 wt.% wheat. The lower portion comprises 24-36 wt.% wood flour as fuel ash, 8-12 wt.% coconut charcoal powder, 35-40 wt.% combustion preparation activated charcoal (palm nut seed carbon agent), 2-4 wt.% cellulose as bonding agent, 4-8 wt.% wheat and 10-15 wt.% zinc chloride as active catalyst. Preferred Method: The molded charcoal is prepared by introducing composition of the lower portion into a molding machine and then adding the composition of the upper portion, pressure molding under the pressure of 360 kg/cm3, and drying in a drying chamber at 80-90 degrees C for 2-3 days. EXAMPLE - 1600 g Upper portion composition (prepared by mixing and stirring 640 g wood flour, 160 g charcoal powder, 320 g active charcoal powder, 80 g strontium nitrate, 160 g micro-wax coated calcium nitrate, 80 g potassium nitrate, 16 g alum, 48 g cellulose and 96 g wheat at 30 revolutions/minute for 20 minutes) and 40 g lower portion composition (comprised of 120 g wood flour, 40 g coconut charcoal powder, 160 g coconut seed carbon agent, 20 g cellulose, 20 g wheat, and 40 g zinc chloride) were mixed in a mixer (speed of 30 revolutions/minute) to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was added into a molding machine, pressure molded at 360 kg/cm3, and dried in a drying chamber at 80-90 degrees C for 2-3 days to obtain molded charcoal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The compressing unit comprises an extrusion feeding shaft (32) embedded on a transfer line (14) and is connected to the crushing unit, and a motor connected to a motor shaft arranged on the extrusion feeding shaft. The transfer line is provided with a heater to melt the crushed raw materials injected from the crushing unit, the extrusion die, and a cooling unit arranged between the heater and the extrusion die. The device further comprises a pre-compressing unit (40) to produce compressed raw materials for solid fuel extrusion and is placed on the on the injection unit of the extruder main body. The pre-compressing unit is provided with a cylinder arranged on the extruder main body, and a pressing panel produce compressed raw materials by squeezing according to the elongation of a piston rod to introduce raw materials into the injection unit and is placed on the piston rod of cylinder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction takes place in the presence of lignin. The highly concentrated weakly acidic to mildly alkaline reaction solution is prepared from ferulic acid and lignin sulfonate, containing their oxidation-and polymerization products. The method further comprises processing the reaction solutions into plastic granules. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Viscosity of heavy liquid isoparaffin and/or polybutene is 20000-200000 mPa.s at 20 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of yeast is 0.8-120 millions/mL of the seed liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: 1-1.5% (Wt.%/wt.%) sodium ethoxide is further added to waste oil. The molar ratio of ethanol and waste oil is 10-15:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The sustained-release granules are prepared by mixing 15-20 pts. wt. urea, 5-10 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 10-15 pts. wt. cow dung, 3-5 pts. wt. dried tea powder, 1.5-2.5 pts. wt. castor leaf powder, 15-20 pts. wt. chitosan, 2-3 pts. wt. Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80) and 2.5-4.5 pts. wt. carboxymethyl cellulose, processing the obtained mixture at 50-60 degrees C for 5-10 minutes, drying the obtained product, and granulating the dried product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw organic material further comprises one or more of hay in an amount of about 2 wt.% and straw dust in an amount of about 2 wt.%. The organic fuel product further comprises wax in an amount of about 2 wt.% to form a fire starter. The straw is included in an amount of between about 58-60 wt.%. The manure is included in an amount of about 38%. The organic fuel product also comprises an additive in an amount of about not less than 1 wt.% or 1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, the additive provides at least one of a visual and aromatic feature to the fuel product. Preferred Components: Predetermined shape includes one of a log, a ball, a sphere, a block, a brick, a briquette, a blank and pellet. The manure comprises at least one of horse and cow manure. Preferred Process: The process for creating the organic fuel product further involves filtering an output of the first grinder to collect contaminates including at least one of fine or coarse dust, powders or particles, gases and/or its combination. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: (II) is subjected to purification by crystallization in a solvent system. (II) is reacted with a base to obtain arformoterol followed by reacting arformoterol with L-(+)-tartaric acid in a mixture of toluene and isopropanol to form (Ia). (Ia) is isolated in crystalline polymorphic form B. Preferred Components: The solvent system comprises ether and water. (II) has a chemical purity of at least 95% as determined by HPLC. The isopropanol and toluene are used in the ratio of 8:2 vol./vol. An aqueous solution of L-(+)-tartaric acid is used in a proportion such that isopropanol:toluene:water is 8:2:1 vol./vol., for 1 pts. wt. arformoterol D-(-)-tartrate. EXAMPLE - Demineralized water was charged to a clean 5 l four-neck flask followed by addition of 100 g of arformoterol D-(-)-tartrate at 25-30 degrees C. Subsequently 1 l of ethyl acetate was charged to the solution followed by slow addition of 85 g of sodium bicarbonate. 200 g of Sodium chloride was added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass was stirred for 30 minutes, and two layers were separated. The aqueous layer was then extracted twice with 500 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was then dried over sodium sulfate. The organic layer was distilled off completely under vacuum followed by co-distillation twice of 300 ml of isopropanol each. The residue was then degassed for 1 hour and dissolved in 800 ml of isopropanol and followed by addition of 200 ml of toluene. Subsequently 36.43 g of aqueous L-(+)-tartaric acid solution dissolved in 100 ml of demineralized water was added slowly to the reaction mass under stirring. After complete addition, the stirring was continued for 3 hours at 25-30 degrees C. The precipitated product was filtered, and the wet cake was washed with 200 ml isopropyl alcohol and dried at 40-45 degrees C under vacuum for 6-8 hours. The dried product was micronized to obtain 65 g of arformoterol L-(+)-tartrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The molasses is present in an amount of 1-30 pts. wt. Preferred Method: The method further comprises molding the carbonized paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Sodium ions of LTA-type zeolite is replaced by antimicrobial metal ion, for several times. Manufacture of antimicrobial deodorizer further involves coating the resultant component by calcium phosphate. The surface of LTA-type zeolite having antimicrobial metal ions and calcium ions, is coated by calcium phosphate. Preferred Composition: The antimicrobial metal ion is silver ion. The LTA-type zeolite contains beta -site containing calcium ions, alpha -site containing calcium ions and silver ions, and gamma -site containing silver ions. The content of calcium ions in alpha -site is more than the silver ions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The printed material is dried in sun, such that 40-160 g water is left in printed material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) comprises: converting starch containing material to fermentable sugars; fermentation of the fermentable sugars with a microorganism; separation of the byproduct; recovering the oil from/as the byproduct; contacting the oil and/or the oil-containing byproduct with a solid adsorption material; separating the solid adsorption material containing the oil; or extracting the carotenoid from the adsorption material. The carotenoid is extracted from the adsorption material by using a liquid organic extraction agent. The method (M2) comprises: converting starch containing material to fermentable sugars; fermentation of the fermentable sugars with a microorganism; separation of the byproduct; recovering the oil from/as the byproduct; contacting the oil and/or the oil-containing byproduct with a solid adsorption material; and separating the solid adsorption material containing the carotenoid. Preferred Components: The byproduct is distiller's dried grain with solubles (preferred), distiller's wet grain, distiller's dried grains, distiller's solubles, and/or distiller's dried solubles. The fermentative production process is an ethanol production process. The starch-containing material is corn (preferred), wheat, barley, triticale, cassava, sorghum, and/or rye. The solid adsorption material is bentonite (preferred) or silica. The liquid organic extraction agent is hexane, preferably food grade hexane. In the animal feed additive the carotenoid is bound to a solid adsorption material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing carbon alloy catalyst includes 0.1-10 atomic% of carbon, and has specific surface area of 100-1200 m2/g. 60% or More of the pores of catalyst has diameter of 20 nm or more. The carbons forming Sp2 hybrid orbital with each other in the carbon alloy catalyst is substituted with nitrogen by pyridine-type nitrogen substitution, pyrrole/pyridone-type nitrogen substitution or nitrogen oxide-type nitrogen substitution. The hydrogen peroxide production ratio is 1-50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The synthesis gas is derived from gas mixture (E), dust, and compacted and/or free carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Method: The feedstock is: lignocellulosic biomass that has been pretreated with acid or enzymes to produce fermentable sugars; or acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate. Preferred Components: The microorganism is a bacterium that is from a genus Zymomonas including a strain of Zymomonas mobilis. The feedstock: is corn stover that is pretreated with a dilute acid; and comprises fermentable sugars and at least one inhibitor compound. The feedstock inhibitor compound comprises furfural. EXAMPLE - Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to chromosomal sequencing to determine the insertional location of a promoter construct in each mutant and genes affected by the insertion, where the overexpression mutant library (OEL)-22 was inserted into an upstream region of ZMO1162 gene (encoding a histidine kinase) of Zymomonas mobilis. The mutants OEL19, OEL23, OEL26 and OEL31 each was inserted into ZMO0038 gene (encoding a sigma -54 modulation protein), with OEL31 inserted 16 base pair downstream of OEL19 insertion site, where the insertion of OEL-19, 23, 26, and 31 caused the disruption of gene ZMO0038 by insertional deletion, and OEL22 caused the over-expression of ZMO1162/histidine kinase. Then PCR primers were designed to amplify the regions covering the mutated regions of mutants OEL19 and OEL22 by using primer sets. The resultant PCR products containing portions up- and down-stream of the insertion sites were purified and electroporated into 33C or 8b competent cells to replace wild-type DNA nucleotide sequences with mutant version of OEL19 and OEL33 respectively for obtain the modified microorganism strains.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves depolymerizing polymeric material in the presence depolymerization catalysts, the polymeric material contained in or derived from the biomass; or dehydrating chemical compounds in the presence of dehydration catalysts, the chemical compounds derived from the biomass; and/or hydrogenating chemical intermediates in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts, the chemical intermediates derived from the biomass. In method (M1), CO and H2 replace the methanol or are added in addition to the methanol. The method (M2) further involves at least one of CO and H2, cosolvent or methanol. Preferred Catalyst: The catalysts comprise Cu-doped metal oxide, zeolite-based catalyst, supported metal catalyst, metal carbide catalyst and/or zeolite catalyst; depolymerization catalysts comprise copper-doped metal oxide catalyst and/or supported metal catalyst; dehydration catalysts comprise Cu-doped metal oxide and/or zeolite catalyst; and hydrogenation catalysts comprise Cu-doped metal oxide, supported metal catalyst and/or metal carbide catalyst. The Cu-doped metal oxide or Cu-doped metal oxide catalyst comprises oxides of Cu, M(II) and/or M(III) in any proportion, where M(II) is selected from Mg and/or Zn and M(III) is selected from Al, Cr and/or Fe; zeolite or zeolite-based catalyst is H-ZSM-5; supported metal catalyst is Pt/AhO3, Rh/ZrO2, Pd/C or Cu/hydrotalcite; and metal carbide catalyst is W2C supported on activated carbon. The catalysts, depolymerization catalysts, dehydration catalysts and hydrogenation catalysts are the same catalyst, where same catalyst comprises mixed oxides of Cu/Mg/Al or Cu/ZnO/Al2O3. Preferred Components: The fluid product is high-octane gasoline additive containing at least one of methanol or 5-9C aliphatic alcohol. The fluid product comprises 5C, 6C, 7C, 8C and/or 9C alcohol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The method further involves fractionating the reaction product into two or more product fractions and separating product fraction(s) having final boiling point of 370 degrees C or less at pressure of 0.1 MPa, upgrading the product fraction(s) having final boiling point of 370 degrees C or less at pressure of 0.1 MPa in hydrocarbon conversion processes and producing upgraded product fraction(s) having final boiling point of 370 degrees C at pressure of 0.1 MPa, and mixing upgraded product fraction(s) with other components and preparing a liquid fuel composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid biomass material is a torrefied solid biomass material (110) or micronized solid biomass material. The petroleum-derived hydrocarbon composition comprises petroleum-derived hydrocarbon composition comprising 10-30 wt.% micro carbon residue, based on the total weight of the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon composition, and has initial atmospheric boiling point of 350 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is heterogeneous catalyst, supported by activated carbon, preferably palladium carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The transition metal is a metal of group 9 or group 10 of periodic table, preferably metal of group 10 of periodic table, more preferably palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The CMS material comprises pores of a diameter of 0.2-0.4 nm. The inlet is connected to an inlet conduit in which the blower or fan for admitting the first gas mixture is provided. The outlet is connected to an outlet conduit in which a blower or fan for discharging the second gas mixture is provided. The inlet is connected to an outlet conduit for the third gas mixture in which a vacuum pump is provided.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of admitting the first gas mixture according to step (ii) is performed using a fan or blower. The step of discharging the second gas mixture according to step (iii) is performed using a fan or blower. The third gas mixture discharged according to step (iv) is added to a first gas mixture to be admitted according to step (ii). The quotient of the empty volume of the vessel and the flow rate of the first gas mixture admitted according to step (ii) has a value of 6-36 seconds. The first gas mixture is admitted according to step (ii) for a period of 2-8 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer layer comprises hydrophilic polymer. The hydrophilic polymer is polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid copolymer. The support component is non-porous film. The non-porous film is PET film. Preferred Process: The obtained laminate is wound-up in roll shape, and wound-up laminate is unwound, which is used for peeling of support component. The method for manufacturing gas separation film further involves coating a coating liquid containing hydrophilic polymer and 1 or more medium chosen from water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol on the porous film side of the laminate, and removing at least once the medium from the coating film. The medium is removed by evaporation of the medium at 80-150 degrees C. The process of laminating support component for peeling on one surface side of porous film, and the process of laminating polymer layer on the porous film side of the laminate, are carried out continuously by continuous conveyance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The heating process is carried out in inert gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The formation of ferric precipitates is prevented by mixing an iron chelator with the first source of ferrous iron, IOB, water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, or mixing indirect electron supplier together with the ferrous iron to form medium having an increased energy density. The iron chelator comprises malonic acid, 50-300 mM citric acid, and gluconic acid. The indirect electron supplier includes vanadium, or 10-30 mM iron ion (Fe2+) mixed with 50-200 mM vanadium ion (V3+). The method (M1) further involves electrochemically reducing the ferric iron to second source of ferrous iron, and feeding the second source of ferrous iron to the IOB, where the second source of ferrous iron serves as mediator for transferring electrons to the IOB.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The unidirectional threads: comprise monofilaments, multifilament yarns and/or tapes; have a modulus of 8 GPa or higher; and are made from a polyolefin, polypropylene, and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The pull mat comprises a further layer of open material. At least one layer of open material and the further layer of open material are positioned on opposite sides of the layer of straight, unidirectional threads. The straight unidirectional threads are connected to at least one layer of open material and/or to the further layer of open material by: an adhesive applied between the straight unidirectional threads and at least one layer of open material and/or the further layer of open material; a polymeric binder; and one or more stitching threads. The stitching thread originates from the woven fabric forming at least one layer of open material and/or the further layer of open material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves producing glucose from cellulose contained in bodily waste of the living organism using cellulose degradation enzyme. The method involves sieving the cellulose using sieve of 40 mu m or less diameter in size, before carrying out degradation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The decreased temperature of the reformed gas is 80-100 degrees C. 55-99% of the water in the reformed gas is removed. Removing water from the reformed gas involves decreasing the temperature of the reformed gas to cool the reformed gas and drying the cooled reformed gas. The reformed gas is cooled by passing through a heat exchanger. The reformed gas is dried by passing through a separator. The reformed gas is further dried by passing through a filter. The duty for the heat exchanger ranges from 4.2 x 106 to 6.5 x 106 KJ/hr. The water removed reformed gas is recycled to a point before entry of natural gas in the methanol plant. The method further involves adding natural gas to the reformed gas after removing water. 399300 kg/25 hours of natural gas is added per 1339307 kg/25 hours of reformed gas during plant startup. The flow of reformed gas is 18448-84596 kg/hr. Preferred Apparatus: The closed loop line cools and dries the reformed gas. The loop line further comprises a separator and a filter, where the separator and/or the filter, removes 55-99% of the water from the reformed gas. The downstream of the heat exchanger, the apparatus further comprises a mixer, where the mixer adds natural gas to the reformed gas. Preferred Gas: The reformed gas comprises 50-92.9 wt.% of hydrogen; 0-2.5 wt.% of water; 0.1-5 wt.% of nitrogen; 5-20 wt.% of carbon monoxide; 1-15 wt.% of carbon dioxide; and 1-8 wt.% of methane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The time taken for pressure equalization process is 7-35 seconds, preferably 25-35 seconds, and the pressure equalization process is carried out using carbonaceous adsorption agent with an adsorption amount of 10-40 wt.% benzene as adsorption agent. In the pressure equalization process, the flow volume of pressure equalization gas is controlled so that the pressure change in the adsorption tower is gradually performed from the start of a pressure equalization process to the end. The adsorption tower having three or more columns performs the pressure equalization process in two or more steps. The pressure value in the pressure equalization process is supplied back, and the flow volume of the pressure equalization gas is controlled.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The activated carbon-type adsorbent is molded to pellets having diameter of 2 mm or less. The pressure inside the adsorption tower filled with source gas is 0.2 MPaG. Preferred Composition: The adsorption agent comprises macropores having mean diameter of 1 mu m or less, in which the adsorption amount of benzene is 10-40 wt.%, and the adsorption amount of methane is 1.7-2.4 mol/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated acid is muconic acid, traumatic acid, glutaconic acid and/or maleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: All steps are performed at the same plant. The free fatty acids from step (e) are routed to a reactor that performs step (b). The bacteria are grown under aerobic conditions followed by microaerobic conditions. The free fatty acids are secreted by the bacteria and harvested from the growth medium. The reactor is operated under aerobic conditions followed by microaerobic conditions. The glycerol is both produced and converted to free fatty acid in the same facility. Preferred Components: The recombinant microbe comprises at least one of acyl-ACP TE+, Delta FadD-TE+ (where FadD is acyl-coenzyme A synthetase), Delta FadD-TE+-FabZ+ (where FabZ is beta -hythoxyacyl-ACP), TE+-NADK+, TE+-UdhA+, TE+-PntAB+, TE+ NADK+ UdhA+, TE+ NADK+ PntAB+, TE+ FabZ+ NADK+, TE+ FabZ+ UdhA+, TE+ FabZ+ PntAB+, TE+ FabZ+ NADK+ UdhA+, TE+ FabZ+ NADK+ PntAB+, Delta fadD+ TE+ NADK+, Delta fadD+ TE+ UdhA+, Delta fadD+ TE+ PntAB+, Delta fadD+ TE+ NADK+ UdhA+, Delta fadD+ TE+ NADK+ PntAB+, Delta fadD+ TE+ FabZ+ NADK+, Delta fadD+ TE+ FabZ+ UdhA+, Delta fadD+ TE+ FabZ+ PntAB+, Delta fadD+ TE+ FabZ+ NADK+ UdhA+, Delta fadD+ TE+ FabZ+ NADK+ PntAB+, Delta fadD+ AfabR+ TE+ FabZ+, AfadD+ AfabR+ TE+ FabZ+ NADK+, Delta fadD+ Delta fabR+ TE+ FabZ+ UdhA+, Delta fadD+ Delta fabR+ TE+ FabZ+ PntAB+, Delta fadD+ Delta fabR+ TE+ FabZ+ NADK+ UdhA+, Delta fadD+ Delta fabR+ TE+ FabZ+ NADK+ PntAB+, Delta fadD+ Delta fabR+ TE+ FabZ+ NADK+ glpDFK, TE+ glpDFK+, TE+ ACC+, TE+ accABCD+, Delta fadD+ Delta fadE+ Delta fadAB+ TE+ and glpDFK+ added to any genotype. The TE is from Ricinus communis. The recombinant microbe makes at least 0.25 g/l, preferably at least 4 g/l of free fatty acid. The growth medium comprises 0.1-1% acetic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The filter is made up of high-density polyethylene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fractionation of carbohydrates and lipids or oils further involves extracting oil from the solid product, recycling the solid product to the reactor with subcritical water at a secondary temperature, hydrolyzing the solid product with the subcritical water at the secondary temperature and recovering a secondary liquid product containing water-soluble sugars and a secondary solid product from the reactor, extracting oil from the secondary solid product. More than 70 wt.% solids in the tobacco plants is converted to liquid product. The biomass is prepared by wet-grinding the tobacco plants. Preferred Conditions: The primary temperature is 150-350 degrees C, preferably 170-200 degrees C. The secondary temperature is 270-305 degrees C. The hydrolyzing process is performed in an acidic environment to optimize nicotine recovery, and has residence time of 1-10 minutes to optimize nicotine recovery, residence time of 5-30 seconds to optimize sugar recovery, and in absence of cellulose enzymes.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The alkaline source is soda ash.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The alkaline source is selected from sodium carbonates, sodium hydroxides, potassium carbonates and/or potassium hydroxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The elemental carbon source is selected from pulverized lignite, dry sewage sludge, dry biomass, coal and/or coke. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rubber composition further contains organic crosslinking agent chosen from 1,1-di(t-butylperoxy)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroxy peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, alpha , alpha -bis(t-butylperoxy)-p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3, benzoyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(benzoylperoxy)hexane, t-butylperoxy maleic acid and t-butylperoxy isopropyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bleaching lye is hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite or other bleaching lye. The acid catalyst is sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid or other solid acid catalyst. The dosage of acid catalyst is 0.5 wt.% or more of VSCFA. The dosage of solid acid catalyst is 0.5 wt.% or more. The alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or other alkaline catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The sap is washed at 80-105 degrees C for more than 10 minutes. The color of washed sap is removed at 100-120 degrees C for more than 15 minutes under vacuum conditions. The sap is distilled at 200-280 degrees C for more than 10 minutes. During production of VSCFA ester, esterification reaction is carried out at less than 100 degrees C for more than 1 minute under reflux and atmospheric conditions to prevent evaporation of alcohol. The solution (S1) has temperature of less than 100 degrees C. The VSCFA ester is distilled using steam distillation process. The refined PSO is converted into biodiesel at more than 50 degrees C under reflux condition or atmospheric condition. The esterification reaction is carried out for less than 600 minutes. The esterified PSO is transesterified using 0.2-2 wt.% sodium hydroxide at 50-100 degrees C for less than 180 minutes under atmospheric pressure. Preferred Composition: The content of volatile short-chain fatty acid in PSO is 30 wt.% or more. The acid is phosphoric acid, citric acid or other acid. The dosage of acid is more than 0.1 wt.% of PSO. The alcohol is ethanol, methanol, butanol or other alcohol. The molar ratio of alcohol and fatty acid is 1:1 or more. The VSCFA contains 2-12C fatty acid as main component. The solid acid catalyst is p-toluene sulfonic acid, ion exchange resin or other acid catalyst. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or other alcohol. The molar ratio of alcohol and FFA in oil is 1:1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Aqueous suspension contains 5x 103-1x 1011 CFU/ml methane-oxidizing bacteria and 5x 105-1x 1011 CFU/ml sulfate-reducing bacteria. Aqueous suspension contains 1x 105-1x 1011 CFU/ml Thiobacillus denitrificans.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Gas separation-selection film component is rolled membrane, hollow fiber film, or flat film, and film material is polyimide, polysulfone, or polydimethylsiloxane. Filler is a light porous natural material or synthetic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves destructing blood cell of the blood collected from slaughter house by grinding the blood.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the pre-treatment, proteins in the blood are converted to oligomeric protein and peptide, and pathogens are eliminated. The method involves sonicating blood collected from slaughter house, at 20-30 kHz, where the blood is maintained at 40-60 degrees C, before carrying out sonication. The method involves drying the obtained product in microwave oven, and sterilizing the dried product at high temperature. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The ratio of the B.prionitis leaf extract and silver nitrate solution is 5:95 (volume/volume). The B.prionitis part is leaf. The concentration of the silver nitrate is 1 mM. Preferred Method: The method involves performing bioreduction at temperature of up to 50 degrees C. The time required for completion of synthesis of silver nanoparticles is up to 5 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The automotive methanol gasoline comprises 70 pts. methanol, 20 pts. No. 90 gasoline, 10 pts. dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 8 pts. tert-amyl methyl ether, 7 pts. dimethyl carbonate, 6 pts. diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4 pts. 2,2-dimethoxypropane, 1.5 pts. ferrocene, 1 pts. methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, 1.2 pts. 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 0.6 pts. lauric acid monoglycerides, 0.8 pts. sodium petroleum sulfonate, 0.4 pts. tallow amine polyoxyethylene ether, 10 pts. wood tar, 5 pts. isopropyl alcohol, 3.5 pts. fish meal, 2.5 pts. bone meal, 1.5 pts. stearic acid and 0.6 pts. methenamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in grams): ethylene diamine o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with iron (50-55), titanium and zinc chelated edetate (48-51), amino acid chelated boron (45-50), amino acid chelated calcium (45-50), amino acid chelated magnesium (45-50), amino acid chelated copper (45-50), amino acid chelated manganese (45-50), humic acid (28-32 kg), sheep manure (18-22 kg), pig manure (18-22 kg), urea (8-11 kg), potassium (8-11 kg), diammonium phosphate (9.5-10.1 kg) and biological agents (200-250), where the accelerator is humic acid or silicon and biological agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Additive comprises chitosan and seaweed extract. Preferred Process: Clover biogas liquid is prepared by mixing Medicago sativa and clover with water. The obtained material is inoculated with microbes, and then the obtained material is performed for anaerobic fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Biological strain is activated sludge obtained from sewage treatment plant aeration tank. Ammonia nitrogen concentration in culture liquid is 160-490 mg/L. Preferred Processes: Nutrient solution is added in 8 hour intervals during processing of culture liquid with daily nutrient addition amount of 25-75 kg/day ammonium chloride, 100-200 kg/day sodium bicarbonate, 5 kg/day ferric chloride and magnesium chloride, and 15 kg/day phosphorus sodium oxalate with phosphoric acid content of 10 mg/L. Sludge-water mixture is discharged 3 times a day with discharge amount of 20% of the volume of culture device. Total suspended solids concentration, total volatile suspended solids concentration, ammonia concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nitrite and nitrate concentrations are monitored in culture liquid. Culturing of culture liquid involves monitoring ammonia concentration trend in culture device, stopping aeration and discharging 50% of the total amount of bacteria liquid to sewage treatment plant effluent when ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency is greater than or equal to 60%, and repeating until sludge volume index (SVI) of sludge is less than or equal to 150. Culturing of culture liquid involves stopping aeration and discharging 50% of the total amount of bacteria liquid to sewage treatment plant effluent when ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than or equal to 10 mg/L and repeating with total culture period of 2-3 weeks.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The straw is corn rice pole. Adjuvant is polyethylene glycol or isooctyl phenyl ether. Straw degrading microbial inoculum is microbial inoculum of strain NJGZ-2 spore with the concentration of 107 colony-forming units per milliliter. Preferred Process: Corn straw waste is degraded by inoculating straw degrading microbial inoculum in spore culture medium at 20-30 degrees C for 6-8 days. Serile water is added to the obtained material, and then filtered the obtained culture to obtain spore suspension, where the sporulation culture medium comprises (in grams): rice corn powder (10), peptone (5), yeast powder (2), urea (0.3) and water (1000), where the pH is natural, and it is sterilized at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Plant is a mixture of poplar leaf, phoenix, jujube tree or their mixtures. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Trace elements comprise calcium, magnesium, zinc and selenium, where weight ratio are 2:1:1.5:0.4. Manure comprises chicken manure, dairy manure and pig manure. Liquid culture medium comprises starch (0.2-0.8 %), yeast extract (0.01-0.06 %), soybean meal (0.2-0.8 %), urea (0.1-0.4 %), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.2-0.8 %), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1-0.5 %), magnesium sulfate (0.05-0.15 %) and manganese sulfate (0.006-0.012 %). Fermentation culture medium comprises soybean powder, glucose, ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Wood plant waste is arbor and shrub broken branches, and grass waste is leaf herb residues. Microorganism is added during preparation of fertilizer with corn powder in 1:10. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 18-22 wt.% vegetable oil cake, 10-12 wt.% dairy manure, 28-32 wt.% pine needle soil, 10-12 wt.% phosphate powder, 24-26 wt.% traditional Chinese medicine residue, and 5-6 wt.% biological bacteria; preferably 20 wt.% vegetable oil cake, 10 wt.% dairy manure, 30 wt.% pine needle soil, 10 wt.% phosphate powder, 25 wt.% traditional Chinese medicine residue, and 5 wt.% biological bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction is carried out using Lewis acid as catalyst. The Lewis acid is aluminum chloride, zinc chloride and iron(III) chloride. The catalyst used in ring-opening process is copper powder, copper chloride or copper sulfate. The carboxyl group is converted into cyano group using thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus pentoxide as dehydrating agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali is sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide or potassium tert-butoxide. The ring-opened product is separated into salt using base chosen from magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, purified with concentrated sulfuric acid, and purified product is cyclized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is ammonium sulfate. The hollow copper sulfide nanogranule has a grain size of 100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method comprises selecting cuprous oxide as template, gradually adding sodium sulfide into the cuprous oxide to form hollow copper sulfide with kirkendall effect, then adding pyrrole monomer and oxidant, performing oxidative polymerization to the pyrrole monomer at room temperature to form polypyrrole shell layer, and freezing and drying the polypyrrole shell layer. Preferred Components: The polypyrrole shell layer has thickness of 5-10 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Biomass powder is wood powder and/or straw powder. Shell powder is powdered discarded shells. Preferred Parameters: Biomass powder has particle size of less than or equal to 0.05 mm. Shell powder has particle size of greater than or equal to 35 mesh. Preferred Conditions: Temperature of final drying is less than or equal to 80 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Aluminum powder is aluminum. Preferred Parameters: Aluminum powder has particles size of greater than or equal to 400 mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Waste oil is heavy oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: Filter paper is Whatman NO.1 filter paper. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Debranching enzyme is pullulanase or isoamylase. alpha -amylase is medium-temperature or high-temperature alpha -amylase. Preferred Processes: Drying is spray-drying or freeze-drying.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Starch material is waxy corn starch, waxy wheat starch, cassava starch, corn starch, potato starch, or wheat starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - A catalyst add unit comprises inter-metallic compound which is selected from group consisting of boron nickel or nickel/nitride and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Sulfuric acid is 98% sulfuric acid solution. The cleaning liquid is chosen from potassium bicarbonate solution, distilled water and sodium bicarbonate solution. The potassium bicarbonate solution and sodium bicarbonate solution have mass concentration of 2-4%, each. The water scavenger is chosen from anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate and anhydrous calcium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of dry sludge, methanol, 98% sulfuric acid solution, and n-hexane is 10 g:100-150 mL:1.5-10 mL:50-100 mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Honeycomb fuel is prepared by adding 5-10 g quicklime, 10-20 g stone coal material, 3-10 g crude salt, and 50-150 g activated water according to sulfur content of crop and municipal organic waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Fermentation microorganism is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, tree trunk Pichia pastoris, and/or Clostridium butyricum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Dilute acid solution has concentration of 0.5-5 (w/v)%. Dilute acid solution is sulfuric acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution, nitric acid solution, sodium bisulfite solution, and/or oxalic acid solution. Alkaline substance is solid sodium hydroxide and/or calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Pretreatment is performed by soaking in 0.5-5 (w/v)% sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature with raw material:alkali ratio of 1/20-1/5 g/ml for 0.5-3 hours. Preparation of bio-oil reactant involves fermenting using fermentation microorganism after neutralizing. Preferred Conditions: Hydrolysis time is 0.5-2 hours. Fermentation is performed at 30-40 degrees C for 1-7 days. Preferred Components: Hydrolysis is completed in boiling water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty alcohol or acid is selected from methanol, ethanol, glycerin or formic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Kitchen waste is pretreated by screening, crushing, and adjusting solids ratio. Preferred Compositions: Kitchen waste has solids ratio of 5-25%. Preferred Conditions: Acid production reactor has electric current intensity of 10-100 mA. Kitchen waste residence time in acid production reactor is 3-5 days, and reaction liquid residence time in methane production reactor is 3-4 days. Preferred Parameters: Supernatant has pH of 6.8-7.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The pig manure has less content of total solid (TS) and quality of 8%. The straw is straw of rice, wheat, corn, sesame, or soybean, or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-overcharge additive comprises 3-7 wt.% trichloro-benzene methyl ether and 3-6 wt.% 4-bromobenzyl isocyanate. The organic solvent comprises 3-8 wt.% triethylamine, and ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate at a ratio of 1-2:1:3-4:6-10. The film-forming agent comprises vinylene carbonate, propylene sulfite, and propane at a ratio of 1-2:2-3:3-5. The functional additive is 0.5-1.0 wt.% hexamethyl disilazane and 0.5-1 wt.% dioxolane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adjusting amylase and glucose enzyme ratio in starch granules-containing large aperture by carrying out enzymatic process, to obtain a natural biological carrier. The method comprises filling starch cavity with small molecules of large-aperture-containing starch, and embedding in sodium alginate micro-spheres to obtain microcapsules having good appearance and solid shape according to microscope observation. Preferred Components: The small molecules with good tolerance effect of large-aperture-containing starch, are utilized in the preparation of micro-capsules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The crop straw includes wheat straw and/or corn straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pig manure has a moisture content of 65-75%. The auxiliary material includes bran, wooden meal and/or furfural residue. The aerobic fermentation process has a pH value of 7.5-8.5. Preferred Method: The decomposed organic material is obtained by compost fermentation of organic material in sunshine shed of ceiling tile having a light transmittance of greater than or equal to 75%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The weight ratio of the dried pig manure, wet pig manure, water, and straw or rice or corn is 1:1.5-2:0.3-0.8:0.2-0.5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The decoloring agent is activated carbon and/or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Cracking reaction is carried out at 26-38 degrees C for 1-3 hours. The pH of fermentation liquid is 7-8.5. The filter film used in microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration is organic film, ceramic film, or metal film. Adjusting of pH is carried out at 10-25 degrees C using aqueous ammonia. The absorbing step comprises adding alcohol or acetone, washing with sodium hydroxide solution, and absorbing with phenylacetic acid. Preferred Components: The ultrafiltration membrane interception molecular weight is 3000-50000 Dalton. The nanofiltration membrane interception molecular weight is 100-260 Dalton. The 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenylacetic acid concentrate mixture is 5-15 wt.%. The isoelectric point of 6-aminopenicillanic acid is 4.3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is hypercrosslinked resin or macroporous resin. The hypercrosslinked resin is AH or NDa-150. The macroporous resin is Amberlite XAD-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The licorice extract comprises glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid, ammonium glycyrrhizate and monopotassium glycyrrhizic acid. The microwave extraction is carried out at 300-700 W for 10-30 minutes. The mass ratio of licorice extract and the catalyst is 1:0.03:0.06.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent in step one is methanol, ethanol, or tetrahydrofuran. The strong alkali in step one is sodium methanol, sodium ethoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, or potassium tert-butoxide. The solvent in step two is water, methanol, ethanol, or tetrahydrofuran. The strong base in step two is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or sodium tert-butoxide. The halogenated propane is iodopropane or bromopropane. The solvent in step three is dichloromethane or toluene. The alkali in step three is potassium carbonate, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine. The acylating agent is thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride, or phosphorus oxychloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of peroxyacetic acid is 10-16 times of dihydrotestosterone finasteride iodide, preferably 12 times, where peroxyacetic acid concentration is 20-60%, preferably 40%. Preferred Method: The addition of oxidant is carried out by adding oxidant to reaction liquid every 1 hour for 4 times. The oxidation elimination reaction process is carried out by neutralizing using acid, adding peroxyacetic acid and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, maintaining reaction system at pH of 5.5-7.0, and reacting at 20-60 degrees C, preferably 30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The mushroom is chosen from oyster mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, straw mushroom, Agaricus mushroom, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Agrocybe aegerita, white fungus, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus, bamboo fungus, Tricholoma matsutake, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Grifola frondosa, lucid ganoderma, rhizoma Gastrodiae and Pleurotus mushroom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The catalyst has carbon dioxide conversion rate of more than 85% at temperature of 750 degrees C, more than 99% at temperature of 900 degrees C and more than 85% at 750-900 degrees C, and methane conversion rate of more than 83% at temperature of 750 degrees C, more than 98% at temperature of 900 degrees C and more than 83% at 750-900 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid biomass contains cane, molasses and/or glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fossil fuel is chosen from coal product and petroleum product. The coal product is chosen from bituminous coal, anthracite coal and peat. The coal comprises eastern coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Moisture content of dried coal blend is less than or equal to 6 mass%. Amount of char mixed with coal blend is 1-5 mass%. Preferred Parameters: Char has particle diameter of less than or equal to 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of wood pellets to oil is 1:9-3:7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass feedstock comprises one of rice hulls, rice straw, barley straw and Brassica campestris.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises: pulverizing the biomass feedstock into a size of 2-300 mu m to 2 mm; and mixing the pulverized biomass feedstock with a solvent. The pyrolysis step comprises: replacing air with oxygen in the reactor and then circulating; and heating the feedstock in the reactor at 250-420 degrees C and then stirring for 1-40 minutes. The step (c) comprises: cooling the temperature of the reactor to -1 degrees C to 5 degrees C, and liquefying the pyrolyzed feedstock; filtrating the liquefied feedstock using a filter; and separating bio-oil from the filtered feedstock using a rotary evaporator. The method further comprises accomplishing composition analysis of the obtained bio-oil. The separating step is performed at 70-90 degrees C. Preferred Components: The solvent is methanol, ethanol or butanol. The gas is one of nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The bio-oil has a calorific value of 5800-8300 kcal kg-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid combustion product comprises calcium lime and/or alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Process: The method for generating fuel gas further involves flowing combustion fluidizing gas comprising air into the combustion zone, flowing gasification fluidizing gas comprising steam or steam and air into the gasification zone, generating steam by allowing heat exchange between water and gaseous combustion product generated during combustion of the deinking sludge, transferring portion(s) of the solid gasification product comprising calcium carbonate from the gasification zone to the combustion zone, calcining calcium carbonate in the combustion zone for generating lime, and removing and collecting a portion of the solid combustion product. Preferred condition: The deinking sludge is combusted at 800 degrees C or more in fluidized bed reactor (A). The carbonaceous material comprising paper waste generated during recycling of waste paper is gasified at 700-800 degrees C in fluidized bed reactor (B). Preferred Apparatus: The system for generating fuel gas further contains combustor (2) comprising combustion zone and heating system for heating the combustion zone at 800 degrees C or more, gasifier (5) comprising the gasification zone comprising gasification fluidizing gas inlet (7) for flowing gasification fluidizing gas into the gasification zone, steam generator for generating steam used as the gasification fluidizing gas, transfer system (B) (17) for transferring solid gasification product to the combustion zone, and collection system for removing a portion of the solid combustion product. The combustor is the fluidized bed reactor (A). The gasifier is fluidized bed reactor (B). The steam generator consists of heat exchanger for allowing heat exchange between water and the gaseous combustion product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid resource comprises a monoglycerides, a diglyceride, a triglyceride, a lipid, and/or free fatty acid or its salt. The fatty acid resource comprises vegetable oil, animal fats, spent cooking oil, lipids derived from biosolids, lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, or biooil. The vegetable oil comprises corn oil, cottonseed oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, ground nut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, algae oil, almond oil, apricot oil, argan oil, avocado oil, ben oil, cashew oil, castor oil, grape seed oil, hazelnut oil, hemp seed oil, linseed oil, mustard oil neem oil, palm kernel oil, pumpkin seed oil, rice bran oil, or walnut oil, and/or tall oil. The animal fat comprises blubber, cod liver oil, ghee, lard, tallow, and its derivative. The free fatty acid is separated from a fatty acid resource prior to heating in the presence of the alkene. The free fatty acid comprises butyric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, alphalinolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, and/or a naturally derived fatty acid from a plant or animal source. The alkene is ethylene, propylene, butene or its isomer. The fuel or solvent is substantially free of nitrogen and sulfur. The inert atmosphere is nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stripping gas comprises nitrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The H2S-selective solvent stream comprises tertiary amine i.e. sterically-hindered amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing alcohol, the isobutanol-selective liquid solvent is selected from 12-22C fatty alcohols, 12-22C fatty acids, esters of 12-22C fatty acids, 12-22C fatty aldehydes, and mixtures. The isobutanol-selective liquid solvent is selected from oleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, 1-undecanol, oleic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, methyl myristate, methyl oleate, undecanal, lauric aldehyde, 2-methylundecanal, and mixtures. The isobutanol-selective liquid solvent is oleyl alcohol. The isobutanol-selective liquid solvent is present in an amount effective to reduce toxicity of isobutanol to the recombinant yeast host cell. The second isobutanol-selective liquid solvent is used to extract the bioproduced isobutanol from the fermentation medium. The isobutanol-selective liquid solvent is recycled to the fermentation medium for further extraction of bioproduced isobutanol. Moreover, a portion of the bioproduced isobutanol is concurrently removed from the fermentation medium by a process comprising: (a) stripping bioproduced isobutanol from the fermentation medium with a gas, forming an isobutanol-containing gas phase; and (b) recovering bioproduced isobutanol from the isobutanol-containing gas phase. The recovered bioproduced isobutanol has an effective titer of at least 37 g/L, preferably 5 g/L and is produced at an effective rate of at least 0.40 g/L/hour, preferably 0.06 g/L/hour. The engineered biosynthetic isobutanol pathway includes comprises an acetolactate synthase enzyme of EC 2.2.1.6, a ketol-acid reductoisomerase enzyme of EC 1.1.1.86, a dihydroxy-acid dehydratase enzyme of EC 4.2.1.9, a branched chain keto acid decarboxylase enzyme of EC 4.1.1.72, and an alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme of EC 1.1.1.1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The decarboxylation occurs in an electrolytic cell consisting of an anolyte compartment containing anolyte, a catholyte compartment containing catholyte, and alkali ion conducting membrane which separates anolyte compartment and catholyte compartment. Preferred Components: When the hexose sugar forms alkali metal valerate, the obtained radicals react to form octane. When the hexose sugar forms alkali metal levulinate, the obtained radicals react to form 2,7-octadione. When the hexose sugar forms alkali metal 5-hydroxy pentanoate, the obtained radicals react to form 1,8-hydroxy octane. When the hexose sugar forms alkali metal 5-alkoxy pentanoate, the obtained radicals react to form 1,8-dialkoxy octane. The alkali ion conducting membrane is a sodium super ionic conducting membrane. Preferred Process: The method further involves obtaining biomass (14) and converting into carbohydrate (18), and converting carbohydrate into hexose sugar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The isopropyl acetate is removed through evaporating process. The bio-oil, biodiesel and isopropyl acetate are used in a mol ratio of 4:1:4 and 1:4:1. The mixing is performed for 5-45 minutes at 20-40, preferably 25-35 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first solvent is propanol. The second solvent is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The slag additive is chosen from basalt, diabas, peat ash, granite, kaolin, mica, quartz sand, limestone, aluminum silicate, gabbro, diorit, dolerit, andesit, iron ore, recycled carburetor cinder, ashes from wood or peat pellet firing and slag from montan and energy production industry. Preferably, conifer and/or torfasche is added as slag additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotube is a multi-walled nanotube produced from reaction of a carbon source with a metallocene catalyst, or a single-walled nanotube produced from a metallocene. The multi-walled or single-walled nanotube is purged of metal particles which naturally adhere to the surface of the carbon nanotube during the process of growing the carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The C.reinhardtii strain M4013 is prepared by selecting viable C.reinhardtii strains remained after the culturing process, irradiating selected strain with radiations, and screening viable strains having high lipid content (up to 30%) as compared to C.reinhardtii strains that are not irradiated. Preferred Process: The C.reinhardtii strain M4013 is irradiated with one or more radiation chosen from gamma -ray, electronic beam and X-rays. The irradiation process is carried out such that absorbed dose of radiation by the C.reinhardtii strain M4013 is not greater than 10 kGy. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In method (M2), lignin separated biomass feedstock is mixed with the first waste material. The method (M2) further involves (i) chemically reacting the ethanol and synthetic resin to produce the synthetic resin film, and (j) printing an image or character on the wrapping material and drying printed wrapping material and organic fertilizer using the heater, where the heater uses methane gas as fuel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The synthetic resin is polyethylene resin or polyethylene terephthalate resin. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Percolation solution is mixed solution of sodium carbonate, sodium bisulfite, and calcium chloride in which calcium chloride content in solution is 15-30%, preferably 10-40%. Mixed acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and glacial acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Antioxidant is citric acid, 2,6-tris butyl-4-methylphenol, thioether, pentaerythritol tetraester, vitamin C, sodium sulfite, or sodium bisulfite. Complexing agent is tartaric acid, saccharic acid salt, sodium gluconate, sodium alginate, and/or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Detergent is used in washing having sodium bicarbonate solution concentration of 5 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Volume of p-xylene is 2-6 times volume of geranyllinalool. Extraction liquid is dichloromethane (CH2Cl2).Preferred Conditions: Molecular distillation has feed rate of 2 ml/minute, inlet temperature of 70 degrees C, heating temperature of 140-170 degrees C, and vacuum degree of 2.5-10 Pa. Vacuum distillation has oil pump vacuum degree of 1-10 Pa, glass filler, distillation reflux ratio of 20:1, controlled separation ratio of 2:1, and bottom temperature of 190 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Irrigation water is obtained by performing aerobic biochemical treatment in aerobic tank with sludge concentration (MLSS) of 3000-4000 mg/L and operation load to 1.5-2 kgCODSUBSCRIPTCr/m3.d to remove remaining 80% of CODSUBSCRIPTCr in 1/3 effluent and reduce CODSUBSCRIPTCr content of 160-400 mg/L, precipitating sludge in secondary settling tank, sending sludge to sludge tank, returning to aerobic tank, sending effluent to MBR reaction tank, performing membrane filtration to separate mud and water, performing aerobic biochemical reaction with MLSS of 15000-20000 mg/L and volume load of 1-1.5 kgCODSUBSCRIPTCr/m3.d to reduce CODSUBSCRIPTCr content to 80-120 mg/L, sending to RO membrane, processing to reduce CODSUBSCRIPTCr content to less than or equal to 50 mg/L and reduce chrominance to 30 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The raw material comprises (in %): fermentation mattress (30-40), slag (20-30), bean straw (20-30) and fertilizer (10-15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The raw material comprises 50-60 wt.% biogas residue, 20 wt.% grass material, 20-30 wt.% straw, and 3-5 wt.% lime. Preferred Method: The composting is carried out at 55-70 degrees C until water content is 25-30%. The aging is carried out by adding compost mixture with acid neutralizing agent until pH value is 7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 2 kg/cm3 fertilizer additive is potassium sulfate and calcium magnesium phosphate and trace elements fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The microorganism fertilizer is prepared by inoculating growth-promoting Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 (CGMCC NO.5808) in culture medium, fermenting to 30-37 degrees C while stirring at 170-180 revolutions/minute until fermentation liquid bacteria or spores amount is greater than or equal to 1/asterisk109 Units/ml; mixing 60 wt.% cow dung compost and 40 wt.% mixed vegetables to obtain compost mixture, adding 40-60 L/ton fermentation liquid, subjecting to solid fermentation, turning 1-2 times a day while keeping temperature to not greater than 60 degrees C for 6-7 days until organic matter content is greater than or equal to 45%, total nutrient content is greater than or equal to 5%, nitrogen content is 2-3% and pH value is 6.5-8.5, evaporating until moisture content is less than or equal to 30%, crushing, and sieving through 20 mesh sieve to obtain bioorganic fertilizer; adding crushed ammonium sulfate, mixing, sieving through 18-mesh sieve to obtain 10% total nutrient-containing fertilizer; and composting to not greater than 50 degrees C until moisture content is 20% or less. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes mixing 10% rice bran, 20% sawdust, 40-45% pig fermentation bed waste, 10-20% dairy manure and 20% coir; fermenting while turning every 4 days in summer and every greater than or equal to 1 week in winter, detecting pH, and adding lime or ferric chloride according to detected pH; and adding 1 kg fertilizer/m3 fermentation product. Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises urea, phosphate fertilizer and potassium chloride at ratio of 1:2:1, and sterilizing agent. The substrate block has density of 500-600 kg/m3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea is mixed with base material at humidity of 60-65%. Coating is carried out for 24 hours. Fermentation in pressure reactor is done for 8-12 days. Drying is performed at humidity of 15-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Mushroom is composed of mushrooms, edible fungus, Hericium erinaceus, Dictyophora, Flammulina, Agaricus bisporus and apricot mushroom spore at ratio of 8:5:6:1:1:3:4:2. Livestock and poultry manure is made up of pigeon manure, duck manure, rabbit manure and pig manure at ratio of 3:3:2:4. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filter aid is cellulose, diatomite, perlite, graphite powder, sawdust, magnesium oxide, gypsum, active carbon and/or white soil. The acid is hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar organic solvent is methanol, acetone, acetonitrile or ethanol. The volume ratio of polar organic solvent and filter cake is 5-10:1. The non-polar organic solvent is petroleum ether, heptane or normal-hexane. The volume ratio of orlistat intermediate to non-polar solvent is 1-3:1. Drinking water is added to adjust the volume concentration of organic solvent aqueous solution to 60-70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon-containing substance is coal powder, petroleum coke powder or asphalt powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrotreating catalyst is iron sulfide-iron oxide catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction is carried out in presence of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Photobioreactor: The photobioreactor is composed of open system and/or closed system. The closed photobioreactor system is columnar photobioreactor, flat photobioreactor or pipeline photobioreactor. Preferred Method: The method involves culturing motile algal cells under stable growth stage, transforming cells to nonmotile state under stress conditions, where the stress conditions are nitrogen deficiency and/or phosphorus deficiency in the culture medium produced by eliminating nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in culture medium composition, reducing growth rate of fixed cells to accumulate astaxanthin and bio-energy grease in high amount, extending stress condition for obtaining high amount of accumulated product, centrifuging algal cell sediments using frame filter, collecting pellet, washing pellet repeatedly, freeze-drying pellet under vacuum, homogenizing pellet by performing high pressure homogenization or high speed collision for disrupting algal cell wall, extracting homogenized product using supercritical carbon dioxide and isolating astaxanthin and biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (a) further involves separating sugar from the hydrolyzed liquid. The step (b) further involves recovering ammonia from the hydrolyzed liquid by converting ammonia in hydrolyzed liquid to ammonia salt using ammonia absorption liquid, where the ammonia absorption liquid is at least one chosen from water, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid and dilute phosphoric acid. The step (c) involves passing cold water until the solid product in the reactor is cooled, and then collecting cold water discharged from the reactor. In step (d), 5-40 filter paper units (FPU) cellulase is added for every 1 g of solid product in the reactor, hydrolysis is performed at pH of 4-6 and 37-55 degrees C, mixture is stirred to avoid increase in glucose concentration, discharged hydrolyzate is collected and enzymatic hydrolysis is completed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the first step, the mol ratio of ivDde-OH, Fmoc-4-Aph-OH and trifluoroacetic acid is 1.1:1:0.1. The step three involves removing Fmoc protection from Fmoc-decapeptide resin by treating with piperidine in N,N-dimethyl formamide solution. In the preparation of N-acetylated Ac-decapeptide resin, the Fmoc protection is removed from the decapeptide by adding acetic anhydride and DCM mixed solution, reacting for 30 minutes, pumping solution, and washing with DMF 2 to 6 times. The cleavage of peptide resin is conducted using trifluoroacetic acid, thioanisole, anisole, and 1,2-ethanedithiol in volume ratio of 90:5:3:2, adding Ac-decapeptide resin into the mixed liquid, oscillating at 40 degrees C for 0.5 to 4 hours, adding cold diethyl ether, filtering, depositing, centrifuging and collecting the precipitate after centrifugation to form the degarelix.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is optionally a mixture of the following three components: HBTU, Y reagent and DIEA according to the mol equivalent weight ratio of 1:1:2, mixture of HATU, Y reagent and DIEA according to mol ratio of 1:1:2, or mixture of DIC and Y reagent according to mol ratio of 1:1, where Y reagent is HOBt or HOAt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The amino acid resin is Rink-amide-MBHA resin or Rink-amide-AM resin. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The vaccine is prepared by adding 20 kg wheat bran and 18 kg water for each kilogram vaccine. Preferred Components: The mass of vaccine is 0.1 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The beneficial microflora comprises 3 pts. wt. Azotobacter, 2 pts. wt. phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, and 4 pts. wt. potassium bacteria solution, where mass of microflora is 0.1 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The method uses 30-40% corn stalks, 10-20% of clinker, 20% mushroom wastes and 40% biogas. The stacking height is 1.5 m, and width is 2 ml; the top of the stacking is covered with straw; and the stacking fermentation time is 2-3 months. The quality controlled sample has moisture content of 30%, pH of 6.6-7.2, organic matter content of more than 70%, and EC of 1-1.4 mS/cm. The porosity of the matrix block is more than 45%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The natural feed includes plankton, insect larvae, clams, snails, weevils, herb cake, vegetable, soybean meal, wheat bran and rice bran, fish, and/or shrimp.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The herbal powder comprises garlic, ginger, ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, prepared rehmannia rhizome, yam, lucid ganoderma, dried human placenta, jujube, colla corii asini, root of red-rooted salvia, leatherleaf millettia, peach kernel, safflower, radix curcumae, kudzu root, and rhubarb.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 30 wt.% sheep manure, 30 wt.% pig manure, 20 wt.% chicken, duck and goose manure, and 20 wt.% crop straw. The fermentation liquid includes 3 kg white sugar and 20 kg water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of corn straw carbonized powder and urea is 4-5:8. The weight ratio of corn straw carbonized powder and animal manure is 4-5:3. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The B. subtilis has spore content of greater than or equal to 2x 108/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amino acid raw powder has free amino acid content of greater than or equal to 30%. The sodium humate has active component content of greater than or equal to 85%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of hard sawdust is 60-100 pts. wt. and amount of pine sawdust is 5-15 pts. wt. Hard sawdust is from oak wood, Fraxinus mandshurica wood, white wax wood, birch wood, elm wood, jujube wood, and/or Quercus serrata wood. Environment-friendly biomass wood pellet fuel contains 5-15 pts. wt. pine sawdust, 5-90 pts. wt. F. mandshurica wood, and 5-90 pts. wt. Q. serrata wood, preferably white wax wood, or 5-15 pts. wt. pine sawdust, 5-90 pts. wt. oak wood, 5-90 pts. wt. F. mandshurica wood, 5-90 pts. wt. white wax wood, 5-90 pts. wt. birch wood, 5-90 pts. wt. elm wood, and 5-90 pts. wt. jujube wood. Moisture content after drying step is 5-8%. Preferred Parameters: Particle diameter of crushed wood is 0.05-2 mm. Extrusion length is 2-5 cm which 2-5 times the length of pellet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves: mixing hydrofluoric acid and deionized water, to molar concentration of hydrofluoric acid solution of 5-22 mol/l, 6 mol/l of coconut shell active carbon, and 120 mol/l hydrofluoric acid solution, putting in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, at hydro-thermal reaction at 120-180 degrees C for 1-7 days, washing with deionized water until it is neutral, drying at 60-100 degrees C, i.e. active carbon propane adsorbent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Hydrochloride salt of molybdenum is molybdenum chloride. The molar ratio of titanium oxide and molybdenum oxide in the solid acid catalyst is 7:3. The solid acid catalyst has a worm-shaped mesoporous structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Titanium alkoxide is titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetra-n-butoxide and/or titanium-2-methyl-propoxide, preferably titanium isopropoxide. The molar ratio of titanium alkoxide and stearic acid is 1:4-1:5. The molar ratio of molybdenum chloride and stearic acid is 1:5-1:6. The molar ratio of titanium isopropoxide and stearic acid is 1:4. The molar ratio of molybdenum chloride and stearic acid is 1:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkylating agent is chosen from isobutylene, tert-butanol, t-butyl acetate or methyl tert-butyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio between 4,6-dichloro-5-nitro-2-propylthio-pyrimidine and the reaction solvent is 1 g:3-6 ml. The weight ratio between 4,6-dichloro-5-nitro-2-propylthio-pyrimidine and the dechlorination inhibitor is 100:1-3. The mass ratio between 4,6-dichloro-5-nitro-2-propylthio-pyrimidine and the metal catalyst is 100:1-2.5. The organic solvent in the step (iii) is cyclohexane, n-hexane, hexane, heptane, dibutyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether and/or petroleum ether. The weight ratio between the crude product and the organic solvent is 1 g:6-9 ml. Preferred Method: In the step (i), the reaction pressure is 0.03-10 MPa (preferably 0.15-5 MPa), and the reaction temperature is 0-150 degrees C (preferably 20-50 degrees C). The recrystallization temperature in the step (iii) is -30 to 5 degrees C, preferably -5 to -15 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide, and has particle size of 200 nm to 1 mu . The alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The catalyst includes ammonium chloride, solid super acid, copper chloride, cuprous chloride or copper sulfate. The solid super acid is solid acid-iron sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material includes ethyl cyanoacetate, urea and triethyl orthoformate with a mole ratio of 1:1-2:1-2. The solvent includes methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, diethyl ether, and/or tetrahydrofuran. The alkali is sodium or sodium alkoxide. The solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone, quinoline or dipropylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, toluene, xylene and/or halogenated alkane. Preferred Method: Reaction is done at - 10-80?oC for 20 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of Pd/C is 2-20%, preferably 10-15% of the amount of 4-nitrosomorpholine. A Zn powder may be used with iron (Fe) powder, magnesium (Mg) chips, cadmium (Cd) powder, and tin (Sn) particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Ratio 4-nitrosomorpholine:Zn powder is 1:0.5-2.5, preferably 1:1.2:1.5. Preferred Processes: Reaction efficiency is increased by using phase transfer catalyst which consists benzo-18-crown-6-ether, benzo-15-crown-5-ether, quat.-tetrabutylammonium bromide, quat.-benzyltriethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride quat.-ammonium salt, tetramethylammonium chloride quat.-ammonium salt, tetraethylammonium chloride quat.-ammonium salt, tetramethylammonium bromide quat.-ammonium salt, tetraethylammonium bromide quat.-ammonium salt in which amount of phase transfer catalyst is 0.1-5% of the amount of starting material 3-hydroxy-2-pyridyl-carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the filter aid is diatomite, perlite, cellulose, graphite powder, sawdust, magnesium oxide, gypsum, activated carbon or acid white soil, where the amount of filter aid added into the fermentation broth, is 3-10 wt.%. In the step (i), the filter aid is diatomite, magnesium oxide or perlite. In the step (i), the acid is hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the polar extraction organic solvent is methanol, acetone, acetonitrile or ethanol, where the volume-weight ratio of extracting solvent and the filter cake, is 5-10:1. In the step (iii), drinking water is added to regulate the volume concentration of aqueous solution of organic solvent to 60-70%. In the step (iv), the non-polar organic solvent is petroleum ether, heptane or hexane, where the amount of non-polar organic solvent added is equivalent to 0.5-1.5 times the volume of lipstatin-containing organic solvent aqueous solution. In the step (v), the polar extraction solvent is acetonitrile or methanol, where the volume ratio of non-polar phase extracted lipstatin, is 1-3:1. Preferred Method: In the step (vi), the freezing temperature under cooling while purifying, is -5 degrees C to 5 degrees C, and maintaining the temperature for 3 hours, and filtering to remove the insoluble impurities. In the step (vii), the crystallization process is carried pout using solvent, namely petroleum ether, heptane, hexane or cyclohexane, where the crystallizing temperature is-10 degrees C to -15 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Mass of solvent which is toluene is 2-6, preferably 2.5 times mass of (2',4'-0-bis trimethylsilyl)-erythrocin A-9(0-(1-ethoxy-1-methylethyl))oxime, and mass ratio toluene:dimethyl sulfoxide:n-hexane is 1:1-3:0.2-0.6, preferably 1:2:0.4. Molar ratio (2',4'-0-bis trimethylsilyl)-erythrocin A-9(0-(1-ethoxy-1-methylethyl))oxime:methyl bromide, methyl iodide, and toluene sulfonic acid methyl ester is 1:1.2-1.8. Molar ratio (2',4'-0-bis trimethylsilyl)-erythrocin A-9(0-(1-ethoxy-1-methylethyl))oxime:potassium hydroxide is 1:1.2-2. Preferred Conditions: Methylation temperature is 0-30 degrees C, preferably 20 degrees C. Methylation time is 30-70 minutes, preferably 50 minutes. Preferred Processes: A clarithromycin intermediate is prepared by adding 20 g (2',4'-0-bis trimethylsilyl)-erythrocin A-9(0-(1-ethoxy-1-methylethyl))oxime, 50 g toluene, and 20 g n-hexane in 500 ml reaction container comprising stirrer and thermometer, dissolving, adding 100 g dimethyl sulfoxide, controlling temperature at 20 degrees C, adding 0.03 mole methylation reagent and 1.4 g potassium hydroxide, reacting at 20 degrees C for 50 minutes, adding 50 ml water, stopping reaction, and detecting using HPLC in which product purity is 86.2%, reaction raw material is 5.3%, and by-product is 4%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The porous ceramic film is a tubular porous ceramic film having outer diameter of 25 mm, length of 1178 mm, membrane area of 0.35 m2, maximum working pressure of 1.0 MPa, and pH range of 0-14.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The culture medium comprises 3 g potassium hydrogen phthalate, 3 g sodium nitrate, 0.5 g calcium chloride, 0.5 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 7.5 mg ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2.5 g manganese sulfate heptahydrate, 2 mg zinc sulfate, 3 mg cobalt(II) chloride, 10 g rice straw powder, 20 g agar and 1 l deionized water, where the medium has neutral pH and the medium is autoclaved at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes. Preferred Component: The rice straw is crushed into powder and passed through 40 mesh sieve plate, where the powder has less than 1% water content. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The anaerobic reactor has 10-15 kg/m-3.d chemical oxygen demand (COD) volumetric load, 10-12 g/L influent COD concentration, 28-35 degrees C temperature, and 6.5-7.8 pH. The volume ratio of vinasse and distillery wastewater is 1:10-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of biochemical residual sludge and sewage is 3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: Organic fertilizer comprises 200 pts. wt. manure, 100 pts. wt. leftovers, 100 pts. wt. rice bran, 100 pts. wt. straw, 100 pts. wt. brandy, 100 pts. wt. mushroom bed, 100 pts. wt. rice husk, 50 pts. wt. bean dregs, 50 pts. wt. soybean meal, 50 pts. wt. wheat bran, 43.5 pts. wt. plant leaf, 5 pts. wt. earthworm, 1 pt. wt. Bacillus natto, 0.2 pt. wt. photosynthetic bacteria, 0.15 pt. wt. nitrobacteria and 0.15 pt. wt. nitrite bacteria. Preferred Method: First fermentation is done at 45 degrees C for 15 days. Second fermentation is done at 50-65 degrees C for 15 days. Stacking is done for 15 days. Third fermentation is done for 40 days. The preparation method includes dehydrating, crushing and granulating. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 30 wt.% sheep manure, 30 wt.% pig manure, 20 wt.% chicken, duck and goose manure, and 20 wt.% crop straw. Fermentation liquid includes 3 kg white sugar and 50 kg water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The corn straw charcoal is prepared by adding corn stalks with water until moisture content is 7-9%, feeding into intermediate pressure compressor at density of 0.75-0.9 g/cm3 lumps, adding into carbonization furnace, carbonizing to 250-280 degrees C, increasing temperature to 350-400 degrees C for 3-4 hours, cooling to 30-50 degrees C, and crushing. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain used for Beauveria bassiana culture liquid is Beauveria bassiana ACCC30765, ACCC30878 and/or ACCC30704. The strain used in Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture liquid is Saccharomyces cerevisiae ACCC20165 and/or ACCC21135. The strain used in Lactobacillus plantarum culture liquid is Lactobacillus plantar ACCC11118 and/or ACCC11016. The strain used in Rhodopseudomonas palustris culture liquid is Rhodopseudomonas palustris ACCC10649. The strain used in Bacillus thuringiensis culture liquid is Bacillus thuringiensis ACCC01480 and/or CICC23650. The first fermentation medium comprises 0.4-0.8 wt.% peptone, 15-25 wt.% molasses 0.8-1.5 wt.% glucose, 0.6-1.2 wt.% sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.04-0.06 wt.% magnesium sulfate, 0.01-0.03 wt.% manganese sulfate, and balance of water, and the pH is 6.8-7.2. The second fermentation medium comprises 10-18 wt.% molasses, 1-1.5 wt.% corn extract, 1-1.7 wt.% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4-0.8 wt.% magnesium sulfate, 0.01-0.03 wt.% calcium chloride, 1-1.5 wt.% Tween-80 (RTM: Polysorbate 80) and balance of water, where the pH is 6.8-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Sweet fermented rice biogas slurry culture liquid is prepared by taking biogas from center of biogas digester, sending through 20 mm steel sieve, settling to remove suspended solids, sequentially filtering with sand filter and ultrafiltration membrane, concentrating permeate 10-30 times in nanofiltration box to form concentrated biogas slurry, sterilizing at 105 degrees C for 15 minutes, washing sticky rice, soaking in water for 6-10 hours, draining, steaming, spraying with water, swelling, pouring into sweet wine yeast, mixing, pressing flat, maintaining temperature at less than or equal to 20 degrees C, saccharifying for 48 hours, adding cold water with weight ratio sticky rice:cold water of 1:1.5-1.8 to form wine mash, culturing for 5-8 days until alcohol content is 4-6 vol.%, separating distiller's grains, taking out sweet fermented rice, and mixing concentrated biogas slurry:sweet fermented rice with weight ratio of 1:3. G. xylinus seed liquid is prepared by introducing G. xylinus inclined strain in shaking flask containing seed culture medium and culturing at 28 degrees C with shaking speed of 150 rpm for 18 hours. Preferred Compositions: Low-methoxy pectin solution comprises low-methoxy pectin:hot water with weight ratio of 1:4. Seed culture medium comprises 2% glucose, 0.3% soybean meal, 0.6% corn syrup dry powder, 0.4% ammonium sulfate, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.05% magnesium sulfate and has pH of 6.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises incorporating the biofuel into a feed stream within an oil refinery after the demulsifier is mixed into the biofuel. The biofuel is mixed with a conventional hydrocarbon. The step of oxyalkylation of the resin is performed using a 2-8C alkylene oxide. Preferred Components: The straight vegetable oil or straight waste vegetable oil consists of rapeseed oil, soybean oil, cotton seed oil, corn oil, Jotropha oil, beef tallow oil, pig tallow oil, chicken fat oil, fry grease oil, restaurant trap grease oil, and/or fish oil. The biofuel has a minimum ester content of 96.5 wt.%. The amount of the demulsifier in the biofuel for removing water is 3-10000 ppm. The phenol compound has a structure of formula (I). The aldehyde compound has a structure of formula (R1-CH(=O)) (II). The diamine or polyamine has a structure of formula (NH2-(CH2)a-(NH-(CH2)b)y-NH2) (III). The resin has a molecular weight (Mn) of 2000-10000. The biofuel composition further comprises a conventional hydrocarbon.R = 1-18C alkyl;R1 = H or 1-8C alkyl;x = 0-2; anda, b = 1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The water vapor is removed due to cooling the adiabatic conversion products. The conversion step is carried out at a pressure of 1-7 MPa. The method further comprises converting natural gas passed through a low-temperature steam conversion reactor, removing carbon dioxide from the adiabatic conversion products by washing or adsorption.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Atomic ratio strontium (Sr)/phosphorus (P) of strontium-phosphate apatite is 1.5-2. Strontium-phosphate apatite is Sr10(PO4)6(OH)2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Synthesis of alcohol includes continuously or intermittently taking out butanol from reaction product which contains butanol as main component to reaction system outer side. Ethanol and catalyst are contacted at 200-350 degrees C. Ethanol with moisture content of less than or equal to 10% is manufactured by using biomass as raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Caustic solution is treated before supplying to fuel cell stack. Caustic solution is treated by adding water and adjusting solution temperature. Caustic solution supplied as electrolyte to fuel cell stack is passed only once through fuel cell stack. Preferred Components: Brine is aqueous potassium chloride solution. The plant has a treatment part which is a heat exchanger containing an inlet to produce water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The hydrogen water generator device further has a protection component. Preferred Process: The hydrogen water generator method produces hydride using hydrogen, mineral atom and platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode of electrode portion has a structure in which platinum is coated on a surface of metal rod consisting of titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protection component contains acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst is chosen from sulfuric acid, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass comprises borosilicate glass. The borosilicate glass comprises 80.6 wt.% or less silicon dioxide, 12.6 wt.% or less boron trioxide, 4.2 wt.% or less sodium oxide, 2.2 wt.% or less aluminum oxide, 0.04 wt.% or less ferric oxide, 0.1 wt.% or less calcium oxide, 0.05 wt.% or less magnesium oxide and 0.1 wt.% or less chlorine. The corrosion protection layer comprises 40 vol.% or less glass, preferably 20-40 vol.%, and 60 vol.% or more silicon carbide, preferably 60-80 vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The reactor system is a supercritical water reactor system (100) and/or supercritical coal water gasifier. The system further consists of pump for pumping the fluid through the system vessel, pre-heater (175), heat exchangers (115, 125). Preferred Process: The inner surface is susceptible to corrosion responsive to contact with corrosive ions disposed within the fluid during operation of the reactor system. The physical barrier provided by at least one corrosion protection layer reduces contact between the corrosive ions and the inner surface, in order to reduce corrosion of the inner surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A catalyst comprising chlorine, sulfate, nitrate and/or phosphate is disposed within the fluid. The fluid comprises coal slurry (155). Preferred Properties: The subcritical portion of the fluid has temperature of 647 K, preferably 570-647 K, and pressure of 25 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: a portion of the first effluent stream which is not introduced into the second capillary column and a portion of the third effluent stream which is not introduced into the fourth capillary column are diverted using a non-contact switching device; and at least 70 wt.% of the third effluent is vented and not transferred to the fourth column. Preferred Components: The second marker compound has 25-50C and at least two substituents comprising alkyl or alkoxy, where each substituent has 1-12C. The polysiloxane stationary phase is polydimethylsiloxane. The polyethylene glycol has a number average molecular weight of 15000-25000. The polymethylphenylsiloxane is a polydimethylsiloxane in which at least 40 mole% of methyl groups has been replaced with phenyl groups. The second marker compound is substituted aromatic compound of formula ((C6H5C)k-A2(R3)j(OR4)i).A2 = 6-20C aromatic ring system;R3, R4 = 1-18C alkyl, 3-18C alkenyl or 4-18C heteroalkyl;k = 1 or 2;j = 1-4; andi = 1-3. Preferred Definitions:    A1 = benzene ring system; and    R1 = 4-12C alkyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: In CnH2nOn, n is 6 (hexose monosaccharides). The solution further provides C12K22O11 (insoluble disaccharides other than saccharose and maltose). It also provides fructoligosaccharides (FOS). At least two second metallic elements or plates are made of a transition metal, where the metal is chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper scandium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, particularly iron. The set of elements is provided, alternatively embodied by at least two first zinc elements or plates and at least two second metallic elements or plates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method comprises supplying the wasted heat by the air conditioner in a cold warehouse (110) connected with the agricultural cultivation facilities via the air conditioning system, supplying the wasted heat by a heater in a drying column type drying equipment (120) connected with the agricultural cultivation facilities via the air conditioning system, supplying the wasted heat by the air conditioner in the cold warehouse (110a) connected with an aquatic product processing facilities via the air conditioning system, and supplying the waste heat by the heater in the drying column type drying equipment connected with the aquatic product processing facilities.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The air conditioning unit includes a dehumidifying air conditioner in the cold warehouse. The dehumidified air conditioner is connected with a hot water pipe and a heat exchanger for supplying waste heat in the boiler and processing a latent heat load to remove moisture in the air using hot water, moving along the hot water pipe, and supplying the dehumidified air in the air conditioning for lowering air temperatures and evaporating the water. The dehumidified air conditioner is performed cooling by using a regeneration type steaming cooling device, passes through some part of the humid channel, evaporative cooling the water of the humid channel surface, and cooling up to dew temperature point without increasing humidity of the air which passes through the channel. The shape of the zero pellet is cylindrical. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The petroleum-derived hydrocarbon composition is derived from petroleum deposit or bituminous sand. The method further involves removing water contained in the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon composition to obtain petroleum-derived hydrocarbon composition comprising less than 0.1 wt.% water. The method further involves converting the dewatered hydrocarbon-containing mixture to produce an upgraded dewatered hydrocarbon-containing mixture by hydrocarbon upgrading processes. The hydrocarbon upgrading process involves contacting dewatered hydrocarbon-containing mixture with hydrogen in presence of catalyst to produce upgraded dewatered hydrocarbon-containing mixture. The hydrocarbon conversion process includes fluid catalytic cracking process, thermal cracking process and/or hydrocracking process. The method for producing fuel components and/or chemical components further involves combining hydrocarbon product fractions with additives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The petroleum-derived hydrocarbon composition has total acid number of 1 mg potassium hydroxide/g or more. The petroleum-derived hydrocarbon composition comprises hydrocarbon compound and water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial media comprises cobalt amide and sodium bicarbonate. The hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria are Pseudomonas hydrogenovora, Hydrogenophaga palleroni, or their mixture, where the mixed culture comprises 10% P.hydrogenovora, H.palleroni, and the cell density is 1 million cells/ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The liquid cathode is acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The animal proteins originate from the processing of eggs, meat, milk, whey or the fluids and waste water, resulting in the recovery of slaughtered animals or animal products. A liquid depleted of animal proteins is produced from the liquid, which is subjected to a direct or indirect electrochemical oxidation. The liquid or liquid vegetable proteins are mixed with plant proteins to improve foam formation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The gas bubbles are generated in an electrolysis cell and hydrogen gas is oxidized anodically in the electrolysis cell. The hydrogen gas is electrolytically generated and the electrolysis is carried out continuously or discontinuously, at constant or variable current, controlled, regulated or programmatically, pulsed with electrolysis current pulses or by reversing the polarity of electrodes. The gas or gas mixture is produced by electrolysis in an electrolytic cell containing at least one electrode, which contains the boron-doped diamond and platinum, or at least one electrode having a coating of boron doped diamond or the platinum or platinum particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A device which comprises a tube, a tube-like structure, a channel, a cavity with lower and upper aperture or area which forms foam is used. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The mesopore has diameter of 2-50 nm and pore volume of 0.06-1 ml/g. Preferred Composition: The dissociated form of ammonia material is chosen from ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate. The secondary group element is chosen from beryllium, magnesium, calcium and strontium. Preferred Process During manufacture of mesoporous aluminosilicate, calcium-containing material chosen from calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate, and base solution chosen from potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, cesium chloride, cesium carbonate, cesium sulfate and cesium phosphate are used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The transporting step is performed with a nautical vessel, a land vehicle, an airborne vehicle and a water vehicle, and is performed by more than a single mode. The ethanol is produced from biomass at the first and/or second site by hydrolyzing the biomass, and then fermenting the biomass. The method further comprises transporting the system to a third site, and then producing ethanol at the third site, transporting the fermenter to a fourth site, and then producing ethanol at the fourth site, and contacting the biomass with one or more microorganisms disposed in the fermenter. Ethanol is produced while transporting. Preferred Components: The nautical vessel is a boat, a barge, a ship, a dock, a floating platform, a sea platform, or a sea rig. The land vehicle is a car, truck, tractor trailer or train. The airborne vehicle is a plane, helicopter or blimp. The fermenter forms part of a system comprising a component consisting of cutters, shearing devices, measuring devices, flow devices, mills, mixers, pumps, wiring, cookers, heaters, coolers, aerators, containers, holding containers, distillation columns, piping, electrical components, energy sources, sewage sources and water sources. The first site and second site are spaced apart by a distance of greater than or equal to 25 miles, preferably greater than or equal to 100 miles. The fermenter is assembled as part of a system, before producing ethanol from biomass at the first and/or second site with the fermenter. The microorganisms comprise one or more genetically engineered bacteria. The first and second energy sources are same. The first and second products are same. The first and second sites are located on a body of water. The biomass is obtained from the body of water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The columnar protrusions are pillar-shaped. The semiconductor photocatalyst layer (202) formed from compound of oxide, nitride or oxynitride, and compound of titanium, niobium and/or tantalum, and has thickness of 10-100 nm. The semiconductor photocatalyst layer (203) is formed from compound of oxide, nitride or oxynitride, and compound of titanium, niobium and/or tantalum. The electroconductive substrate is comprised from metal layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali is sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Penicillin production waste liquid is obtained by performing solid-liquid separation on penicillin fermentation liquid and extracting liquid filtrate with butyl acetate to obtain raffinate which is penicillin production waste liquid. Recrystallization is performed by drying crystals, dissolving in water to form near-saturated sodium sulfate solution, cooling in crystallizer to - 5-5 degrees C, adding seed crystal, low-speed stirring for 1.5 hours, filtering crystal, and drying. Preferred Compositions: Penicillin production waste liquid has sodium sulfate content of 9-15 g/L, protein content of 1.8-3 g/L, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 40000-65000 mg/L. Amount of added activated carbon to each 100 ml concentrated raw material liquid is 0.5-2 g. Volume ratio alkali treatment solution:elution agent is 0.7:1-1:1.1. Eluting agent is anhydrous methanol or 95% ethanol. Preferred Conditions: Adsorbing to remove impurity is performed by stirring at 50-85 degrees C for 1-1.5 hours. Crystallization temperature is 5-25 degrees C, and crystallization time is 15-45 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Gas hydrate is obtained by contacting water which mixes light water and heavy water with methane or natural gas component under low-temperature and high-pressure rather than water-hydrate phase-equilibrium thermal-stress conditions of methane- or natural gas component-light water and heavy water in which water molecule which makes up the cage-like structure is heavy water. Gas hydrate is obtained by contacting methane or natural gas component and normal ice which consists of light water under low-temperature and high-pressure rather than methane or natural gas-light water hydrate phase-equilibrium thermal-stress conditions in which water molecule which makes up the cage-like structure is light water. Gas-hydrate storage is performed by using gas-hydrate and cooling by using refrigerant e.g. slurry which mixes snow ice or snow ice and normal water, chill external air, and deep ocean water in the storage in which gas-hydrate is stored.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fallen leaves are pulverized to less than 5 mm. The fermentation is carried out at 30 degrees C for 30 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method utilizes biological process using microorganism and physical process, such as aquatic vortex shedding process. The biological process includes aerobic treatment process utilizing aerobic microorganism and anaerobic treatment process utilizing anaerobic microorganism. The method involves re-processing mixture to minimize secondary pollution. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the aerobic microorganism or anaerobic microorganism is 0.1-2 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in pts.wt.): glucose (5), beer liquid (5), leaves hummus (4), beef heart powder (1), soybean residue and a mixture of tea leaves (10), yeast (1), urea (4), deionized water (15) and potassium permanganate solution (2-3). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolysis method is carried out using electrolyte obtained from sodium hydroxide-containing distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Preparation of water sand comprises mixing raw sand, water-retaining material and binder at volume ratio of 300-500:1:1. Preparation of sand-based slow-release fertilizer comprises combining raw sand, fertilizer and binder at 200:30-50:10-20 volume ratio and granulating to obtain less than 20-mesh granularity. Preferred Component: Water-retaining material is absorbent resin or water-retaining resin. Fertilizer comprises urea, potassium chloride, diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate. Binder is cyanoacrylate binder, silicone adhesive, vinyl acetate polymer emulsion binder, natural high molecular adhesive, sodium alginate, starch or epoxy phenol novolac resin. Raw sand is 20-200 mesh desert sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The sulfur-containing agent is sodium sulfide or potassium sulfide. The nitro reducing agent is sodium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The 2-amino-5-thio benzoic acid is a compound of formula (I) and the 2-nitro-5-halogenated benzoic acid is a compound of formula (II).X=F, Cl, Br or I, andR1, R2=H, CH3, C2H5 or Ar.N.B.: Ar is not defined in the claims.The sulfur-containing agent is alkyl sulfide, alkyl mercaptan, cysteine, propyl mercaptan, or thiophenol propargyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 130 C and the reaction time is 3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The UAFF is a closed chamber embedded with floating bacteria growing media, and FBT is an open storage embedded with bacteria growing media, where the bacteria growing media is a floating material containing floaters.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substituents of CNOs comprise functional groups including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens, amino-groups, and heterocyclic bases, where the CNOs contain 1-700 atoms. The solvent comprises liquid normal and branched structure alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, aliphatic and aromatic ketones, liquid heterocyclic compounds, and/or liquid aliphatic and aromatic amines. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The molding step comprises placing the mixture in a mold and then pressing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coal comprises peat, lignite, bituminous coal and/or anthracite. The biomass comprises cereals and/or wood composite. The catalytic layer comprises nickel, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium and/or palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Catalyst metal of 1st catalyst and 2nd catalyst is transition metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The carbon dioxide recovery module is in the form of a direct air capture plant designed to capture and concentrate carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. The reactor is a Sabatier reactor. The liquefaction module is one of many modules included in a liquefaction plant which produces the liquid natural gas. The liquefaction plant is located either on-shore or floating off-shore. The plant assembly further comprises: an electrolysis plant which produces hydrogen from water, where the electrolysis plant is powered by a renewable energy plant including a solar, tidal, wind or geothermal plant; and a remote regasification plant which regasifies the liquid natural gas to provide methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons, where the remote regasification plant is provided at an export or overseas market. The plant assembly includes main plant components comprising the electrolysis plant, reactor and direct air capture plant located in close proximity to one another.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of recovering carbon dioxide comprises capture and concentration of carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. The step of liquefying the methane to derive the liquid natural gas comprises using the methane as a feedstock for a liquefaction plant which produces the liquid natural gas. The method further comprises: producing hydrogen via electrolysis of water, where the electrolysis of water is powered using a renewable energy source including solar, tidal, wind or geothermal; and remotely regasifying the liquid natural gas to provide methane. The method is performed by main plant components in close proximity to one another. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorptive material is activated carbon, bio-char granules, iron filings, zeolite or a ceramic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises one or more styling powders comprising one or more inorganic compounds that are insoluble in water, where the inorganic compounds comprise carbonates, oxides, metal sulfates or silicates containing magnesium. Preferred Components: The inorganic compounds comprise calcium carbonate (preferred), magnesium carbonate, alumina, barium sulfate and/or magnesium oxide, and are present in an amount of 0.1-30 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The three spray orifices are arranged at 120 degrees from each other around the spraying direction and carried by a single nozzle, where each orifice is fed by a feed channel inclined obliquely relative to the spraying direction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sebum absorbing powders comprise modified starch such as starch octenyl succinate starch (preferred), aluminum, pearlite, polylactic acid or zeolites, and are present in an amount of 0.1-90 wt.%, preferably 2-15 wt.%. The propellants comprise air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, dimethyl ether, 3-5C alkanes and/or 1,1-difluoroethane, and are present in an amount of 10-90 wt.%, preferably 20-75 wt.%. The 3-5C alkanes comprise n-butane, propane and/or isobutane. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises: one or more 2-4C monohydric alcohol, preferably ethanol present in an amount of 1-70 wt.%, preferably 10-50 wt.%; at least one fatty ester such as isopropyl myristate; and at least one additive comprising anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic fixants or conditioners, perfumes, colorants, protective filters, acids, bases, pearls and glitters.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises at least one non-silicone elastomer, preferably a silicone gum having a viscosity of greater than 0.5x 10-3 m2/second (500 cSt).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The calcium carbonate has an average particle size of 20-50 mu m. The hair styling powders are present in an amount of 0.1-30 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.%, and further comprise one or more inorganic compounds comprising carbonates, oxides, metal sulfates or silicates containing magnesium that are insoluble in water. The hair styling powders contain only calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sebum absorbing powders comprise modified starch such as starch octenyl succinate starch (preferred), aluminum, pearlite, polylactic acid or zeolites, and are present in an amount of 0.1-90 wt.%, preferably 2-15 wt.%. The propellants comprise air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, dimethyl ether, 3-5C alkanes and/or 1,1-difluoroethane, and are present in an amount of 10-90 wt.%, preferably 20-75 wt.%. The 3-5C alkanes comprise n-butane, propane and/or isobutane. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises: one or more 2-4C monohydric alcohol, preferably ethanol present in an amount of 0.001-10 wt.%, preferably 0.001-2 wt.%, at least one non-silicone elastomer, preferably a silicone gum having a viscosity of greater than 0.5x 10-3 m2/second (500 cSt), at least one fatty ester such as isopropyl myristate; and at least one additive comprising anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic fixants or conditioners, perfumes, colorants, protective filters, acids, bases, pearls and glitters.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises one or more styling powders comprising one or more inorganic compounds that are insoluble in water, where the inorganic compounds comprise carbonates, oxides, metal sulfates or silicates containing magnesium. Preferred Components: The inorganic compounds comprise calcium carbonate (preferred), magnesium carbonate, alumina, barium sulfate and/or magnesium oxide, and are present in an amount of 0.1-30 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The spraying orifices are in elongated shape having a ratio of its largest dimension to its smallest dimension, in perpendicular directions, of greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than or equal to 10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sebum absorbing powders comprise modified starch such as starch octenyl succinate starch (preferred), aluminum, pearlite, polylactic acid or zeolites, and are present in an amount of 0.1-90 wt.%, preferably 2-15 wt.%. The propellants comprise air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, dimethyl ether, 3-5C alkanes and/or 1,1-difluoroethane, and are present in an amount of 10-90 wt.%, preferably 20-75 wt.%. The 3-5C alkanes comprise n-butane, propane and/or isobutane. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises: one or more 2-4C monohydric alcohol, preferably ethanol present in an amount of 1-70 wt.%, preferably 10-50 wt.%; at least one fatty ester such as isopropyl myristate; and at least one additive comprising anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic fixants or conditioners, perfumes, colorants, protective filters, acids, bases, pearls and glitters.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises at least one non-silicone elastomer, preferably a silicone gum having a viscosity of greater than 0.5x 10-3 m2/second (500 cSt).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises aerating the fermented mixture, and deodorizing the mixture and then drying using a drier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is microalgae biomass or yeast biomass chosen from Cyanophyta, Prochlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Dinophyta, Chrysophyta, Prymnesiophyta, Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta, Eustigmatophyta, Rhaphidophyta, Phaeophyta, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Eubacteria, Spirochetes, Chlamydiae, Zygomycota, Eumycota and their combinations, preferably Spirulina, and Saccharomyces.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 0.05-5 wt.% biopolymer additive. The biodegradable polymer is biodegradable polyesters chosen from poly(butylene succinate), and polylactic acid (PLA). Preferred Method: The method involves breaking cell by mechanical method, preferably homogenization, sonication, freeze-thawing process, mortar and pestle or ultrasonic method, at 20-80 degrees C. The step (c) is hot powdering method or cold powdering method. The hot powdering method is chosen from spray drying, evaporation, rotary drying, flash drying, disk drying, cascade drying, and superheated steam drying. The cold powdering method is chosen from freeze drying, and spray congealing or spray cooling. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium containing special fertilizer comprises (in pts.wt.): wooden meal (32), sawdust (22), ochre (18), calcium powder (11), lentinan (1.5), phenyltriethoxysilane (3.5), manganese carbonate (3), sweet potato slag (1.5), modified maize straw (12), boric acid (3), manganese chloride (1.5), blueberry (11), cauliflower (18), spinach (11), cabbage (18) and Bacillus (3). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The functional composite bacterial inoculum comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto, bacillus thuringiensis and green Trichoderma.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer comprises 20-30 pts. wt. dry chicken manure, 20-30 pts. wt. corn, 5-10 pts. wt. rice hull, 5-10 pts. wt. fruit tree leaf, 20-30 pts. wt. bean cake, 10-15 pts. wt. needle mushroom slag and 1 pt. wt. microbial inoculum. Microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter chroococcum, Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis at mass ratio of 5-10:2-5:2-5:2-5:1-3. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves fertilizing soil using 19% potash, 10.6% nitrogen, 60% organic fertilizer, 10% rapeseed and 0.4% fermentation agent. The method further involves fertilizing soil using 1% ferrous sulfate. The method involves applying fertilizer within 90-110 cm. Preferred Components: The organic waste is kitchen waste. The manure is human excreta or livestock manure, preferably human excreta. The livestock manure includes chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure, pig manure, cattle manure and sheep manure, preferably chicken manure. The straw powder is fermented product of straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The B.safensis strain ESJ is inoculated into culture medium at a rate of 5x 106-10x 107 colony forming units/ml. Preferred Method: The pine nut by-product is obtained by adding water to pine nut, extracting mixture at 90-100 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours. The manure is prepared by culturing mixture at temperature of 30-35 degrees C and stirring speed of 100-150 rotations per minute for 48-76 hours, where the pH of the medium is 6-7 and the aeration amount is 0.01-0.1 l/minute. Preferred Component: The pine nut by-product is pine cone, pine nut or pine nut outer shell. Preferred Composition: The culture medium comprises 2-5 wt.% pine nut by-product with respect to 5-10 wt.% livestock excretion. The culture medium further comprises anhydroglucose and soybean meal. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid is a compound of formula: Q+AlmCln-, preferably butyl pyridinium.Al2Cl7.Q+=ammonium ion, phosphonium ion, pyridinium ion or imidazolium ion.(i) When m is 1, n is 4; and (ii) When m is 2, n is 7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The agricultural carrier further comprises: at least one a growth medium, an aqueous solution and a powder; and an additive. Preferred Components: The additive comprises an insecticide or a fungicide. The agricultural carrier comprises B. subtilis FB17 in an amount, per kg of carrier, that is between (a) the amount of B. subtilis FB17 in 1 ml, preferably 10 ml of a 0.5 optical density (OD) culture at wavelength of 600 nm, and (b) the amount of B. subtilis FB17 in 50 ml, preferably 15 ml of a 0.5 OD culture at wavelength of 600 nm. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves cultivating the oil-producing algae before introduction of the biological agent by promoting both autotrophic and heterotrophic growth and introducing a biological agent which specifically targets only foreign strains of algae. The heterotrophic growth is initiated using a stress induction mechanism. The stress induction mechanism includes at least one of light deprivation, nutrient deprivation, injection of a reactive oxygen source, and chemical additives. The method further involves collecting the algal oil and converting the algal oil to biodiesel. The conversion of the algal oil to biodiesel includes transesterifying the algal oil, or direct hydrogenation of the algal oil. Preferred Component: The biological agent includes virus, cellulase, glycoproteinase, or cellulosome. The algae have an algae oil content of greater than 20%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves milling the sodium bentonite until the diameter of milled particles reaches 0005-2 MM. The step (c) involves applying 3-4 tons/hectare, preferably 1.5-2 tons/hectare, more preferably 0.7-1.3 tons/hectare treated organic material and 20-25 tons/hectare, preferably 13-18 tons/hectare, more preferably 7-12 tons/hectare milled sodium bentonite when humus content in the soil is less than 1%, preferably not greater than 3% or more than 3%. The method involves introducing other wastes of poultry production into the poultry manure in the quantity that does not exceed 15% with respect to whole mass of the organic material before performing the step (a). Preferred Components: The ratio of the enzyme preparation-agrozyme with respect to water is 1/200-1/1000. The method involves using 4-5 l/hectare enzyme preparation-agrozyme. The poultry manure is chicken manure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrodes are made of high magnetic permeability ferro-nickel alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is Corynebacterium glutamicum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The micro- and nano-filtration sub-system comprise at least one flat sheet micro- and nano-filtration membrane, respectively. The flat sheet micro- and nano-filtration membranes are arranged in a crossflow module.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: An unconverted carbon source is continuously recycled through the system. The separated microorganism is continuously recycled through the system. The carbon source is obtained from sugarcane juice. ACTIVITY - Neuroprotective.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper salt is also selected from anhydrous copper sulfate, cuprous chloride, cuprous iodide, cuprous bromide, cuprous oxide or aqueous copper fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thiazole compound is benzothiazole, 6-benzothiazole, 6-chloro-benzene, thiazole, benzoisothiazoles, isothiazole, 5-phenyl thiazole, 5-methoxy thiazole or 5-chlorophenyl thiazole. The organic solvent is selected from dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, 1,4-dioxane, toluene or chlorobenzene. The copper salt is selected from copper acetylacetonate or 8-hydroxyquinoline copper. The oxidizing agent is selected from tertiary butyl hydrogen peroxide, tertiary butyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide or tertiary butyl benzoyl peroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidizing agent is hypochlorite of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal including calcium hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite. The alkaline is sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. The acidic condition is buffering salt including sodium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium hydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is selected from dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali is potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate. The reducing agent is selected from iron powder, zinc powder, lithium chloride, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate or stannous chloride. The acid is selected from acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or ammonium salt. The metal catalyst is selected from palladium or platinum loaded with carbon. The alkali metal is selected from lithium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite or ammonium nitrite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali is selected from tertiary amine organic base or an inorganic base, preferably a tertiary amine R9, R10 or R11 independently selected from R9R10R11N tertiary alkyl, 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2) octane or 1,8-diazabicyclo (5.4.0)undec-7 alkenyl, more preferably triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine. The solvent is selected from 1-8C fatty alcohol, 1-8C fatty alcohol, preferably methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. The cyclization reaction is performed by using acetic acid or hydrochloric acid in toluene, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate or ether solvent. The alcohol is selected from tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, methyl tert.-butyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises 2-2.5 wt.% B.laterosporus spores, 2-2.5 wt.% B.subtilis spores, 30-35 wt.% organic fertilizer and 40-45 wt.% peat and 20-25 wt.% sepiolite. The peat comprises 60-65 wt.% organic matter and 35-40 wt.% humic acid, where the particle size of peat is 40-60 mesh. The organic fertilizer comprises 35-50 wt.% organic matter and 25-30 wt.% water. Preferred Components: The particle size of sepiolite is 80-100 mesh. The organic fertilizer is animal manure or fermented crop residues. Preferred Method: The method further involves inoculating B.laterosporus in a culture medium, culturing B.laterosporus until the culture liquid reach a spore concentration of 80-100 million, inoculating B.subtilis in a culture medium and culturing B.subtilis until the culture liquid reaches a spore concentration of 80-100 million. ADMINISTRATION - The soil repairing agent is applied to 100 m2 soil area at an amount of 150-230 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halogenation is carried out using agent chosen from N-bromosuccinimide, pyridinium tribromide, chlorine gas, sulfuryl chloride, N-chlorosuccinimide and N-iodosuccinamide. The solvent used during halogenation is benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride and/or acetonitrile. The indene compound (III) is oxidized in presence of polar aprotic solvent using agent chosen from N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, pyridine-N-oxide and trialkyl N-oxide. The carbaldehyde compound (II) is oxidized using agent chosen from sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide. The chlorinating agent is chosen from thionyl chloride, phosphoryl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus pentachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The wood raw material is crushed into particle size of less than 10 mm. The sulfonated cooking liquor comprises 8-15 wt.% sodium sulfate, 2-3.5 wt.% sodium carbonate and 0.02-0.10 wt.% anthraquinone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises reacting optionally substituted benzophenone compound of formula (II) with optionally substituted phenyl Grignard reagent of formula (III) using a solvent to give trityl alkyl phenol compounds of formula (IV), and reacting (IV) with haloalkyl compounds of formula (R4-X) in the presence of a base to give (I).X = Br or Cl. Preferred Definitions:    n = 1 or 2;    m, j, p, r = 0 or 1; and    k, q, s = 0.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Compounds (I) are disclosed i.e. ((3,4-bis(hexyloxy)phenyl)(p-tolyl)methylene)dibenzene of formula (Ia), 2-(sec-Butyl)-4-(diphenyl)(p-tolyl)methyl phenol, and 2-sec-butyl-1-decyloxy-4-(phenyl-di-m-tolyl-methyl)-benzene.    EXAMPLE - A 100 ml of 3-neck flask was charged with 3.67 g of 4-(diphenyl(p-tolyl)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol, 1.41 g of 85% potassium hydroxide pellets, and with 25 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen and was heated to 105?oC. Heating and stirring were continued until all of the potassium hydroxide pellets were dissolved to obtain a dark red brown solution. The reaction mixture was cooled to 55?oC, and 3.30 g of bromohexane was added. The reaction mixture was then maintained at 65?oC and was monitored by gas chromatography. The reaction mixture was poured into 250 ml of water containing a few pellets of potassium hydroxide and several grams of sodium chloride. 150 ml of Toluene was added to the mixture, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with 50 ml of toluene, and the toluene layers were combined. The toluene solution was washed with 75 ml of saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, and was then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to give 3.80 g of ((3,4-bis(hexyloxy)phenyl)(p-tolyl)methylene)dibenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 2 Molar equivalents of compound of formula (V) and zinc carboxylate compound of formula: Zn(OCOR1a)2.xH2O (III) or Zn4O(OCOR1b)6(R1bCOOH)n (IV) are reacted to obtain zinc complex (I).R1a,R1b=1-4C alkyl having halo;x=0 or more;andn=0-1. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 12 Zinc complexes are disclosed e.g. bis(3-methyl-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl)bis((3-((3-methylphenyl)methyl)-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl))((2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxy)zincio 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate of formula (Ia), bis((3-((3-bromo-5-methylphenyl)methyl)-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl))bis(3-methyl-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl)((2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxy)zincio 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, bis((3-((3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)methyl)-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl))bis(3-methyl-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl)((2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxy)zincio 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, bis((3-((3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl)-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl))bis(3-methyl-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl)((2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxy)zincio 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, and bis((3-((3-pentoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl)-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl))bis(3-methyl-3H-3-imidazol-1-yl)((2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxy)zincio 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate.    EXAMPLE - Zinc cluster and 1-((3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl)methyl)-1H-imidazole were reacted in presence of tetrahydrofuran and refluxed for 1 hour to obtain zinc complex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reduced graphene oxide has size of 1-5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves adding distillation residue, and evaporating at 0.05 MPa and 145 degrees C for 30 minutes until there is no liquid evaporation to obtain wet gel. The heating process in step (b) is performed at 245 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Phase transfer catalyst is polyethylene glycol or quaternary ammonium salt, preferably tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, especially epichlorohydrin in molar ratio of 1:0.05-0.06, preferably 0.055. Organic solvent is methylene dichloride.Preferred Process: Reaction is performed at 15-25 degrees C for 3 hours. Mixture is distilled under reduced pressure, and then concentrated to obtain viscous liquid, which is dried under vacuum pressure of -0.095 to -0.1megapascal.Preferred Composition: Molar ratio of N-amino-5-methylthio-2-oxazolidinone and 5-nitrofurfural is 1:1.1-1.2, preferably 1:1.15. Molar ratio of propylene sulfide and hydrazine hydrate is 1:0.8-1.2, preferably 1:1-1.1. Molar ratio of 3-(methylthio)-2-hydroxy-propyl hydrazine and dimethyl carbonate is 1:1:05-1.15. Molar ratio of epichlorohydrin and methyl mercaptan sodium is 1:6-8, preferably 1:6.5-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The preparation of the extraction liquid involves mixing Chinese medicinal herb extraction liquid comprising 200-300 pts. wt., preferably 250 pts. wt. rhizoma coptidis, 150-250 pts. wt., preferably 200 pts. wt. cortex dictamni, and 2500-3500 ml, preferably 3000 ml water, extracting mixture for 15-30 minutes, preferably 20 minutes, filtering extract, adding 50-100 pts. wt., preferably 80 pts. wt. mature vinegar into the extract, and preparing medicinal liquid. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The hydrotreating catalyst is selected from a group consisting of cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, zinc, antimony, bismuth, cerium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, rhenium, iron, platinum, iridium, palladium, osmium, rhodium and ruthenium. The hydrotreating catalyst is a bimetallic catalyst selected from a group consisting of cobalt/molybdenum, cobalt/tungsten, nickel/molybdenum, nickel/tungsten, titanium/molybdenum and titanium/tungsten, and an unsupported catalyst selected from a group consisting of cobalt/molybdenum, cobalt/tungsten, nickel/molybdenum, nickel/tungsten, titanium/molybdenum and titanium/tungsten, cobalt/molybdenum/tungsten, nickel/molybdenum/tungsten and titanium/molybdenum/tungsten.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The polyol feedstock comprises a unit of a group consisting of Glycol, Glycerol, Erythritol, Threitol, Arabitol, Ribitol, Xylitol, Allitol, Dulcitol, Galactitol, Iditol, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Isomalt, Lactitol, Maltitol and Trehalose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The membrane tubes are made of ceramic or zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer comprises (in pts.wt.): urea (45), sodium silicate (25), peat (12), calcium superphosphate (9), ferrous sulfate (4), magnesium chloride (3), straw (25), sodium sulfate (0.15), ammonium hydrogen carbonate (0.4), carboxymethyl cellulose (3), nano spherical iron oxide magnetic powder (5.5) and fertilizing agent (0.15). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The algae includes Axodine, Bacillariophyceae, Bryopsidophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Labyrinthulea, Mesostigmatophyceae, Pelagophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Phaeothamniophyceae, Pleurastrophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Synurophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Xanthophyceae. The biochemical component includes ethanol, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, antioxidants, pigments, carotenoids, beta carotene, lutein, and astaxanthin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The film includes porous polymer film, plastic film, cellulose acetate film, polytetrafluoroethylene film, zeolite film, polyester film, nylon film, polypropylene film, acrylic film, polycarbonate film, titanium-coated film, and polylignin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: Water is used as coolant. The molded solid fuel from the molding machine and powdery modified coal which is non-molding are sieved, separated, and recycled. Preferred Device: The coolant is sprayed on surface of the molding machine from coolant spraying apparatus (64). The coolant spraying apparatus is accommodated in the molding chamber (61) interior. The coolant is sprayed on the surface of molding machine. The molding machine is accommodated in molding chamber of semi-sealed structure in which molded solid fuel from molding machine is provided in open state. The humidity of molding chamber interior is maintained at 85% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw materials include camphene, tricyclene, D-isoborneol, L-isoborneol, and racemic isoborneol. The catalyst is boron anhydride, pyroborate, metaboric acid, titanium sulfate, or metatitanic acid. The organic solvent is aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably petroleum ether, n-hexane or toluene, branched paraffin or gasoline. The mass ratio of reaction medium and raw material is 1-100:1. The mass ratio of catalyst and raw material is 0.5-10:100. The ratio of raw material and anhydrous oxalic acid is 1:0.3-10.
ACTIVITY - Dermatological; Antiinflammatory.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration is external (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves separating effluent produced after aeration treatment of sewage. Preferred Component: The fixed bed has cylindrical unit and tubular component, in which carbon fibers are arranged to protrude in direction normal to outer surface of the tubular component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The drying is performed through a drying apparatus comprising a air supply unit for supply air, a stirrer for stirring 2-3 times/day, and a heating unit for maintaining room temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The additive is prepared by mixing 5-15 pts. wt. mixture of graphite powder pulverized to 300-350 mesh and ferric oxide in a weight ratio of 1:1-3, and 0.1-1 pts. wt. calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide pulverized to 300-350 mesh in 100 pts. wt. mixture of organic waste comprising food waste, sewage sludge or livestock manure which are pulverized to 50-150 mesh and humic acid pulverized to 50-250 mesh mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 0.2-0.3. The amount of additive mixed is 10-30 pts. wt. in 100 pts. wt. municipal waste introduced in the waste disposal device. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The mixing unit adjusts the mixing rate of the dry organic refuse and paper garbage subjected to drying, in which the content rate of the mixed raw material is reduced to 5-35%. The drying unit uses the waste heat of gasifier as heat source, and dry-processes the organic waste (W1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic waste (W1) is organic refuses, and the organic waste (W2) is paper garbage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The noble metal-supported solid catalyst further contains noble metal(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkyl furan is formed without separating furaldehyde or its derivative(s). The furaldehyde or its derivative(s) is obtained from saccharide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of substance (I) and substance (II) is 1-50:100. The weedproof material is powder having average particle diameter of 1 mm or less and/or granule having average particle diameter of 20 mm or less. The weedproof material further comprises a reinforcing agent and/or granulation adjuvant. Preferred Property: The weedproof material has pH of 10 or more. Preferred Process: The covering of weedproof material is carried out along with limestone, crushed material of dolomite, or crushed stone to thickness of 1-10 cm, or along with crushed stone to thickness of 1-10 cm. The construction of weedproof material further involves dispersing alkali powder to obtained weedproof material, sprinkling water, mixing and roll-compacting the alkali powder and weedproof material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: Each process of the methanol synthesis reactor and the impurity removal installation is a batch process in which the methanol-containing gas in the methanol synthesis reactor is sent to the impurity removal installation and the cooler. Each of primary removal installation and secondary removal installation performs moisture-content adsorption treatment and moisture content removal process. The impurity removal installation is filled with impurity adsorption agent which adsorbs an organic compound larger than methanol molecule in the methanol-containing gas using the moisture-content adsorption agent. Preferred Components: The impurity removal installation has two series which consist of primary removal installations and secondary removal installations. The bio-methanol production system further comprises a methanol attachment or detachment installation which performs removal of organic compound having size less than methanol molecule from methanol adsorption agent after the adsorption treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The usage amount of coconut palm seed shell is 15-500 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass coal. The water content in the storage field of uncrushed coconut palm seed shell is maintained at 15 %mass or more. Preferred Apparatus: A circulating fluidized bed boiler is used as fluidized bed boiler. Preferred Process: The unground supplies are supplied and circulated in solid particles circuit which collects solid particles in exhaust gas of circulating fluidized bed boiler. Before subjecting to co-grinding, the uncrushed coconut palm seed shell is collected using sieve passing material through a mesh of 30 mmx 30 mm to 50 mmx 50 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method (M1), the slurry is free of furans and other fermentation inhibitors. The separating the slurry includes filtering the slurry to yield filtrate that includes the sugar composition and high solid stream that includes the lignin-rich composition and undigested lignocellulosic biomass. The method (M1) further involves subsequent to separating the slurry, concentrating the sugar composition to produce concentrated lignocellulosic sugar mixture; and subsequent to separating the slurry, drying the lignin-rich composition to produce lignin composition having solid content of at least 80%. The method (M1) further involves producing fermentation product from the converted monomeric lignocellulosic sugars in the sugar composition. The fermentation product includes at least one of alcohol and organic acid. In method (M2), the first hydrolysis reaction is carried out in hydrolysis unit; where the separating is carried out in filtration unit; and the mixing is carried out while transporting the slurry mixture from the hydrolysis unit to the filtration unit. The method (M2) further involves combining the converted lignocellulosic sugar separated from the first and second slurries and combining the lignin-rich residuals from the first and second slurries. Preferred Composition: The sugar composition not including water, includes at least 85 wt/wt.% (preferably at least 90 wt/wt.%) of monomeric lignocellulosic sugar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Cell: The recombinant eukaryotic host cell further comprises second nucleic acid encoding an enzyme chosen from sucrose invertase, thioesterase, ketoacyl synthase and desaturase. The second nucleic acid encodes sucrose invertase. The eukaryotic host cell further comprises nucleic acids that encode a sucrose invertase and a thioesterase. The eukaryotic host cell further comprises nucleic acids that encode a sucrose invertase and a desaturase. The eukaryotic host cell further comprises nucleic acids that encode sucrose invertase, thioesterase, desaturase and optionally ketoacyl synthase. The recombinant eukaryotic host cell comprises at least 40 wt.% lipid by dry cell weight. The eukaryotic host cell is an oleaginous microorganism. The host cell is microalgae. Preferred Biomolecule: The exogenous nucleic acid encodes a Coccomyxa THIC enzyme, Arabidopsis THIC enzyme, or Synechocystis THIC enzyme. Preferred Microorganism: The microalga is Prototheca or Chlorella. The microalga is P.moriformis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: At least one additional fermentation vessel is designed as a gas tank or is connected to gas storage by a gas pipeline for methane-rich product gas. The plant has a power generation plant, preferably a co-generation plant and a gas line for methane-rich product gas leads to the electricity system from the gas storage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrogen and the carbon dioxide-containing flue gas are mixed before introducing into the fermentation residue. The hydrogen and the carbon dioxide-containing gas are introduced into the fermentation residue such that the hydrogen and the carbon dioxide-containing flue gas flow through the fermentation residue as fine bubbles. The hydrogen and the carbon dioxide-containing gas are introduced into the fermentation residue by a feed line extending at least partially over the cross section of the fermentation vessel. The hydrogen is generated by means of electrolysis of water and electricity. The methane-rich product gas is stored for a predetermined time and is subsequently supplied to a power generation plant. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium tert.-butoxide, potassium tert.-butoxide, lithium hydride, and/or sodium hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: 2-halogenated ethanol is 2-chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol, and/or 2-iodoethanol, and molar ratio 2-halogenated ethanol:9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene is 2:1-6:1. Molar ratio alkali:9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene is 2:1-10:1. Solvent is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec.-butanol, tert.-butanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetone, butanone, pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidine, sulfolane, and/or water. Amount of solvent is 1-20 times the mass of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is 10-150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. The salt is hydrochloride or sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The compound (I) is prepared by dissolving adamantane-containing compound of formula (IA) in organic solvent, adding amine-containing compound of formula (IB) and 0.5-5 wt.% organic acid, and heating to 35 degrees C-reflux temperature under inert gas protective atmosphere to obtain compound (II); dissolving in solvent, adding 0.6-8 times reducing agent to carry out reduction reaction at - 15-45 degrees C, and adding 2-30 times organic acid; and removing solvent until pH value is 8-9, extracting, separating organic layer, heating to 25-55 degrees C, adjusting pH value to 3-4, incubating for 20-30 minutes, cooling, crystallizing, and filtering. The reducing agent is alkali metal borohydride, preferably sodium borohydride and/or potassium borohydride. The solvent used in reduction reaction is ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, toluene, and/or and acetone. The organic acid added in reduction reaction is acetic acid and/or methanesulfonic acid. The compound (IA) is prepared by esterifying 3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl with alcohol in the presence of chlorinating agent under inert gas protective atmosphere. Preferred Components: The organic solvent used in first step is toluene, benzene, isopropyl alcohol, and/or n-heptane. The organic acid used in first step is p-toluenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate or acetic acid. Preferred Definitions:    R1=ethyl; and    R2=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: Surfactant is selected from Tween (RTM: nonionic surfactant) 80, alkylbenzene sulphonate. Preferred Composition: The seed culture medium comprises glucose (25-30g/l), corn steep liquor (20-30g/l), peptone (10-15 g), yeast extract (5-10g/l), anti-foaming agent (0.03-0.04%), where pH of the seed culture medium is adjusted to 3-6. The fermentation medium comprises (glucose 15-30g/l), peptone (10-15 g/l), corn steep liquor (20-35g/l), yeast extract (5-10g/l), anti-foaming agent (0.03-0.2%), ammonium sulfate (0.2-1g/l), potassium hydrogen phosphate (0.2-lg/l), where pH of the seed culture medium is adjusted to 3-6. Preferred Process: The method involves extracting the intermediate of 11 alpha-hydroxylation from the fermentation mixture. The obtained fermentation broth is filtered to obtain a filter cake. Acetone or ethanol is then added to dissolve the filter cake, where the obtained alcoholic solution of the filter cake is filtered, and then distiled to obtain crude intermediate of 11 alpha-hydroxylation. n-hexane, chloroform, benzene, or toluene is then added to the crude intermediate of 11 alpha-hydroxylation to obtain 98.5% pure intermediate of 11 alpha-hydroxylation as desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer includes 80-100 pts. wt. poultry and livestock manure, 30-50 pts. wt. silkworm dropping, 50-80 pts. wt. tea leaf, 40-70 pts. wt. straw and 20-50 pts. wt. peanut bran. The selenium-enriched organic fertilizer includes 30-50 pts. wt. scoria, 10-30 pts. wt. medical stone, 20-30 pts. wt. pumice, 30-50 pts. wt. bentonite, 0.3-1 pts. wt. bioenzyme, 80-100 pts. wt. selenite, 40-60 pts. wt. granite and 20-30 pts. wt. siliceous shale. Preferred Method: The organic fertilizer obtained after pre-fermentation by stacking poultry and livestock manure, straw, silkworm dropping, straw and tea leaf, fermenting for 3-6 months. The preparation of the organic fertilizer comprises crushing the components and sieving via 60-100 meshes sieve, mixing scoria powder, selenite powder, granite powder and siliceous shale powder with water, fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain selenium fertilizer raw material, mixing medical stone powder, pumice, bentonite and water, mixing with bioenzyme, performing enzymolysis for 20-25 hours, filtering, and spraying selenium fertilizer raw material into the filtrate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing adjustment agent selected from 16.0-27.0 mass% phosphate, 1.5-2.1 mass% magnesium, 4.2-7.8 mass% calcium, 8.5-13.8 mass% iron, 4.9-8.7 mass% fluorine and 0.7-1.5 mass% aluminum oxide. The raw ore powder is selected from 8.0 mass% phosphate, 22.0 mass% magnesium oxide, 16.0-20.0 mass% silicon dioxide, 28.0-35.0 mass% calcium oxide and 1.2-2.3 mass% iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Preparing carfilzomib intermediate comprises: (a) using solid phase carrier resin in the presence of activating agent for coupling fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-Phe-OH to give Fmoc-Phe-resin, where the resin having a solid phase support can occur with the Fmoc-Phe-OH of the carboxyl group-reactive functional group; and (b) performing solid phase synthesis method, where the coupling system is carried out in the presence of a coupling agent, where the coupling system comprises a condensing agent and a reaction solvent, prior to performing the coupling, and the resin is removed before the Fmoc protecting group. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is solid acid. Preferred Process: Alternatively, the 1,4-benzoquinone compound (I) is prepared by reacting phenolic compound of formula (III) with oxidizing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base is alkali metal hydroxide (preferably aqueous sodium hydroxide).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The organic layer in step (b) is further added with alcohol solvent. The reduction in step (b) is carried out in presence of activated carbon at reflux temperature. In step (d), mineral acid salt of 4-(phenylthio)benzene-1,2-diamine (IV) in aqueous layer is treated with methyl cyano carbamate in ketone solvent at reflux temperature. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from water immiscible aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and water immiscible aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent (preferably toluene). The phase transfer catalyst is quaternary ammonium salt (preferably tetra-n-butylammonium bromide). The alcohol solvent is selected from 1-10C alcohols (straight or branch chain). The ketone solvent is acetone. ACTIVITY - Antihelmintic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - In clean reactor, water (427 l) and hydrochloric acid (5.26 moles) were added, and stirred for 5 minutes. Then 4-(phenylthio)benzene-1,2-diamine was added to the mixture, stirring continued for 15 minutes and reaction mass allowed to settle down for 30 minutes. Bottom layer containing product was separated. The upper layer was collected in another container and solvent was recovered through distillation. Product layer and acetone (140 l) was charged in reactor and stirred well. Then charged N-cyanocarbamic acid methyl ester was added to reaction mass, heated to reflux and maintained for 1 hour. Reaction mass was centrifuged, washed with water, then washed with methanol and dried to obtain methyl 5-(phenylthio)-1H-benzo(d)imidazole-2-ylcarbamate (yield: 85.2%; purity: 99.75%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The solvent is cyclohexane. The metal cyanide is cuprous cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide. The alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. ACTIVITY - CNS-Gen.. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - 2,3-Dichlorobenzoyl chloride (500 g) and cuprous cyanide (220 g) were added into o-dichlorobenzene (600 ml) at 25-35 degrees C. The mixture was heated to 170-175 degrees C and stirred at 170-175 degrees C for 8 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mass was cooled to 75-80 degrees C, filtered and washed with o-dichlorobenzene (50 ml). After worked up, 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl cyanide, was obtained. Aqueous sulfuric acid solution was prepared by mixing sulfuric acid (1300 ml) with demineralized (DM) water (1800 mL) and cooled to 10-15 degrees C. Aminoguanidine bicarbonate (360 g) was added slowly to the aqueous sulfuric acid solution at 10-15 degrees C and raised the reaction mass temperature to 53-58 degrees C. Acetonitrile (10 ml) and 2,3-dichlorobenzoyl cyanide (300 g) were added at 53-58 degrees C to the mass and continued stirring at 56-60 degrees C for 5 hours. After worked up, 2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-guanidinyliminoacetonitrile, was obtained. 2-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-2-guanidinyliminoacetonitrile (100 g) was added into methanol (1000 ml) and stirred at reflux temperature for 14 hours. The completion of reaction was determined by HPLC and cooled to 25-30 degrees C. Methanol (3000 ml) was added and the solid was dissolved by stirring at reflux temperature for 1 hour. The clear solution was cooled to 40-50 degrees C and treated with activated carbon for 1 hour. The mass was filtered and washed with methanol (100 mL). After worked up, lamotrigine (Yield: 90%; Purity: 99.9%), was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 50 degrees C. The fluroxypyr salt is in the form of wettable powder, soluble powder, water soluble granule, solution agent, or effervescent granule.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or potassium bicarbonate. The mole ratio of inorganic alkali to organic alkali is 1-1.2:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic alkali is dimethylamine, ethanol, diethylamine, isopropylamine, triethylamine. The solvent is water, methanol, toluene, xylene, acetone, petroleum ether, cyclohexanone, dimethyl formamide, methylene dichloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves microbial fermentation agent for fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (d) involves turning the compost when the internal temperature of the mixture is not greater than 70 degrees C, and turning the materials second time for 15 days during summer, for 25 days during winter, and for 20 days or more during spring, and turning the compost for the third time. The method involves stacking the materials in an area with bottom surface width of 2.5 m, width of 1.6-2 m or more, and trapezoidal height of 0.6 m. The step (c) involves adding 20 wt.% bacteria per 0.1 m compost pile. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The substrate composition comprises 54-57 %mass P.eryngii, 11.5-14 %mass dairy manure, 21.5-22.5 %mass corncob, 3 %mass bioenzyme, 1.5 %mass gypsum powder, 1.5 %mass calcium carbonate powder, and 4 %mass wollastonite powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15), mobil composition of matter-41 (MCM-41), staged catalytic partial oxidation-11, and/or zinc, manganese, iron modified molecule sieve, where amount of catalyst is 1-20 wt.%. The heat carrier is quartz sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the pyrolysis reaction time is at least 5 minutes, and the amount of biomass raw material accounts for 60-75% of gas-phase product. The gas-phase product comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane i.e. non-condensing gas at room temperature and tar i.e. macromolecular compound liquid condensable at room temperature. The solid-phase product is carbon residue. Preferred Components: The step (ii) comprises conveying solid phase product into bottom of the furnace, adjusting air to achieve good combustion to obtain high temperature smoke gas, and utilizing part of temperature produced in the cracking reaction as energy required for producing superheated steam. The step (iv) comprises heating and melting non-ferrous metal crucible using high temperature gas produces after gas ignition, and high the temperature in a preheater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil soluble additive comprises 42 wt.% methanol or denatured ethanol, 53 wt.% alkane, olefin and aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, 2 wt.% salt, 3.4 wt.% isopropyl alcohol or n-butyl alcohol, and 0.6 wt.% nitric acid or 40 wt.% methanol or denatured ethanol, 55 wt.% alkane, olefin and aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, 1.5 wt.% salt, 3 wt.% isopropyl alcohol or n-butyl alcohol, and 1wt.% nitric acid. The methanol or denatured ethanol has greater than or equal to 95% purity. The ratio of alkane, olefin and aromatic hydrocarbon is 1:2:2. The gasoline is number 93 or number 97 gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid catalyst is titanium dioxide granule.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil is sorbifolia oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, and/or sunflower oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sugar derivate is sugar alcohol, sugar acid or sugar amine. The acid is nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, or formic acid. The organic alkali is aqueous ammonia, ethylenediamine, triethylamine or pyridine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide substance is glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, cyclodextrin, starch, glycogen, cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin protein or polysaccharide. The template is sucrose, glucose or soluble starch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tungsten oxide nanoparticle has properties similar to peroxidase. The tungsten oxide nanoparticle is provided with spherical shaped structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble inorganic salt is soluble sulfate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, or polyphosphate. The filler is ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and/or sodium tripolyphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The soluble granules comprise 50-70% nitenpyram.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wetting agent is sodium dodecyl sulfate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (such as AEO series), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (such as AES series), sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, alkanolamide polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate formaldehyde condensate, alkylamide taurate, vegetable oil polyoxyethylene ether, polyarylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl polyglucoside, polyether block, alkylaryl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, and/or polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate. The synergistic agent is penetrant G, organic silicon synergist, tea saponin, laurocapram, chlorthalidone, penetrant JFC, and/or fast osmotic agent T. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The biological fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 35-45 degrees C for 16-18 minutes using a sealed fermentation tank containing 0.1% of composite microbial inoculum having a viable cell count of 12 billion/g. The composite microbial inoculum is prepared by culturing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis natto, Saccharomyces , Bacillus megaterium , and Lactobacillus in a liquid culture medium at a temperature of 28-35 degrees C for 24-48 hours to obtain a solid composite microbial inoculum having a viable cell count of 10 billion/g, mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis natto, Saccharomyces at a weight ratio of 4:3:1:2, uniformly mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis natto, Saccharomyces, Bacillus megaterium or Lactobacillus at a weight ratio of 4:2:1:2:1 to obtain fermented composite microbial inoculum having a viable call count of 12 billion/g. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Anabolic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Composite microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus natto, yeast and Bacillus megaterium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Temperature of box is 18-25 degrees C. Adding Potosia brevitarsis is done at 5-10 pounds/m2. Performing biological fermentation is carried out by adding 0.1 wt.% composite microbial inoculum with viable count greater than or equal to 12 billion/g and fermenting at 28-35 degrees C for 24-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Hydrolysis liquid level is controlled at 50% of the maximum level of hydrolyzer. Hydrolyzer temperature is 120-200 degrees C, and saturation pressure is 0.4-1 MPa. Saturation pressure has deviation of 0.2 MPa. Hydrolysis gas outlet temperature has superheat degree of 30-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Plant is Canna.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Perspective elastic filler is 0.3-0.4 mm polypropylene filler wire. Preferred Parameters: Diameter of perspective elastic filler is 10-20 cm. Length of perspective elastic filler is 50-100 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Air is added to microorganism cultivation device. Preferred Compositions: Sludge has concentration of 0.11-0.16 g/L. Sludge reducing agent has concentration of 2-10 mg/L. Sludge reducing contain organic acid, buffering agent, and nutrition agent in which organic acid is chelated with trace elements and growth hormone. Preferred Parameters: The pH is maintained at 6-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Microbial agent is Rhodococcus Chr, Bacillus DQS, Bacillus LH, and/or Bacillus DSM colonies.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carrier is plastic plate. Preferred Compositions: Amount of added microbial agent for each 5-10 kg activated sludge is 1 L. Ratio 1st added microbial agent:water is 1:6-7. Preferred Parameters: Microbial agent has flowrate of 7-9 ml/minute. Aeration has inlet air flowrate of 0.5-2 m3/hour. Organic wastewater flowrate to 1st filtering device is 8-10 L/hour. Treated water flowrate to 2nd filtering device is 8-10 L/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of solution is 40-200 g/L. The pig manure is retrieved farm manure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is hydrofluoric acid or hydrobromic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of the polyacrylamide flocculating agent added with the sludge is 0.1-0.5 wt.%. The method further comprises adding a non-ionic surfactant including alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (10)ether as emulsifying agent OP-10, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (9)ether as emulsifying agent OP-9 or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether AEO-9 during the tempering process. Preferred Process: The extracting step further comprises adding supercritical carbon dioxide, n-pentane and the mixture of propane and isopentane with the mass ratio of 5-6:1 into the kettle as extracting agent, and extracting heavy oils from the sludge: at the extracting temperature of 40-55 degrees C and with a pressure of 9-12 MPa when the supercritical carbon dioxide is used as extracting agent; at the extracting temperature of 40-55 degrees C and with pressure of 7-8 MPa when the propane is used as extracting agent; and at the extracting temperature of 200-220 degrees C and with the pressure of 5-7 MPa when n-pentane is used as extracting agent. The supercritical cracking step is performed at 400-450 degrees C and with the pressure of 20-30 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lubricant is pentaerythritol monooleate, pentaerythritol valerate, pentaerythritol octanoate, trimethylolpropane monooleate, trimethylolpropane valerate or trimethylolpropane caprylate. Fluorine-containing acrylic ester is acrylic acid octyl ester, perfluoro fluorine-containing acrylate, octyl acrylate, perfluoro butyl acrylate, perfluoroalkyl acrylate or fluoroheptyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydromica ore has potassium content of 3-10.5 wt.%. The concentration of barium chloride aqueous solution is 0.25-1.75 mol/L. Preferred Method: The acid treatment is carried out using 10 wt.% hydrochloric acid for 2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves adding livestock manure comprising 40-60 pts. wt. chicken manure, 20-40 pts. wt. cow dung, 5-15 pts. wt. pig manure, and 5-15 pts. wt. lignite, where the chicken manure has organic matter content of not less than 45% and total nitrogen content of not less than 2.5%, cow dung has organic matter content of not less than 50%, pig manure has organic matter content of not less than 45%, and lignite has humic acid content of not less than 50%. Preferred Component: The bioorganic fertilizer is prepared by (a) mixing suitable amount of chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, and lignite, (b) mixing the raw materials, and water in weight ratio of 1:1, and controlling moisture content of the mixture to 50-60%, (c) adding 1 kg agent per 5 kg manure, (d) performing the above-mentioned steps (b), and (c), (e) speeding up the composting process by cooling the manure pile when the temperature of the pile exceeds 70 degrees C, (f) turning the pile materials uniformly in order to make the pile get fermented completely, mixing the fermented pile materials evenly, and crushing the completely fermented materials, (g) adding 1 kg target bacterium, preferably Bacillus to the fermented materials, (h) performing the above-mentioned step (e), where materials are fermented for 25-30 days during winter, and (i) pulverizing the fermented materials, sieving the pulverized materials, checking the sieved materials, weighing and packaging the materials, where the bioorganic fertilizer has organic matter content of 45-55%, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of 5%, viable cell count of not less than 0.2x 108 cells/g, no fecal coliform, and Ascaris mortality rate of 100%. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic compound fertilizer comprises 15-16 pts. wt. human excrement, 4-6 pts. wt. animal manure, and 12-18 pts. wt. industrial corn distiller's lees; or 16-18 pts. wt. human excrement, 4-6 pts. wt. animal manure, and 14-16 pts. wt. industrial rice lees; or 18-20 pts. wt. human excrement, 4-6 pts. wt. animal manure, and 16-18 pts. wt. industrial sorghum lees. Preferred Method: The human excrement is prepared by fermenting through methane tank for 10 days, adding layer of corn straw or rice straw, layering with fermented human excrement, spraying with 30 wt.% lime, covering with layer of soil at 5 cm thickness, and high-temperature composting to 50-60 degrees C for 10 days. The corn, rice and sorghum lees are prepared by lees drying under the sun, and grinding into powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the above-mentioned steps (c), (d), (e), (i), (j) and (k), stirring is performed every 20-40 minutes for 20-40 minutes, and aeration is performed every 60 minutes for 10-20 minutes under stirring conditions. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The raw materials comprises 20-30 wt.% mushroom residue, 50-60 wt.% pig manure fermentation bed, and 10-20 wt.% cattle manure fermentation bed. The fertilizer is 2-3 kg/m3 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer at ratio of 40:45:44. Preferred Method: The earthworm fermentation is carried out at 30 degrees C for 30 days. The stacking fermentation is carried out at 55-70 degrees C for 60-70 days until water content is 30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The microbial inoculant comprises 0.5-2 pts. wt. B.subtilis, 0.5-2 pts. wt. Streptomyces microflavus, 0.5-2 pts. wt. Trichoderma, 0.5-2 pts. wt. Aspergillus niger and 0.5-2 pts. wt. B.cereus, where the viable bacterial cell count of the inoculant is 6x 108/g. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fermentation culture medium comprises 5 g/L soybean powder, 5 g/L corn powder, 5 g/L yeast extract, 50 g/L brown sugar, 1 g/L calcium carbonate, 45 g/L magnesium sulfate, and sterile distilled water. The organic material comprises 12-15 g compost, 1 mL mixed fermentation broth, and 200 mL sterile water per kg organic material. The weight ratio of fermentation fertilizer, humic acid and grass peat is 10:1:2. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is applied thrice, where first time is carried out by applying base fertilizer at a rate of 200 kg/mu before planting garlic, second time is carried out by applying additional fertilizer at a rate of 30 kg/mu after the garlic grows to 15-25 cm long, and third time is carried out by applying additional fertilizer at a rate of 40 kg/mu during enlargement phase of bulb (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is: carried out at a pressure of 0.8-2.5 Mpa; and produced by exhaust gas. The method further comprises using a copper based catalyst.Preferred Components: The coke oven gas is 58% of hydrogen, 6.2% of carbon monoxide, 2.2% of carbon dioxide, 26% of methane, 2.5% of hydrocarbon, 4.5% of nitrogen, 50 mg/Nm3 of hydrogen sulfide or 400 mg/Nm3 of organic sulfur.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluted alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium carbonate aqueous solution, sodium acetate aqueous solution, sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. The purity of compound (IV) is more than 99%. The purity of compound (I) is more than 99.5% having single impurity of less than 0.1%. The clarity of pale yellow solution is No.4 standard color solution. Preferred Method: Hydrolysis is carried out for 1-3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper salt is monovalent copper salt and/or divalent copper salt. The base is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, cesium carbonate and/or potassium phosphate. The amount of base is 1-50 times the molar mass of compound (II).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alkynyl-type compound (III) is 0.5-5 times with respect to content of component (II). The organic solvent is 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, N-butanol, benzene and/or toluene. The content of organic solvent is 5-50 ml/g with respect to content of compound (II). The coupling reaction is carried out in presence of L-proline, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, and/or 1,10-phenanthroline, or organic ligands.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali is inorganic alkali. Inorganic alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal hydroxide is chosen from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide. The alkali metal carbonate is chosen from lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, rubidium carbonate and cesium carbonate.The catalyst is nanometre ZnO and alkali metal .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: p-Chloromethyl-benzonitrile and N-methylpiperazine are reacted in presence of alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal carbonate, and organic solvent. The organic solvent is chosen from alcohol, ester, ether, ketone, alkane, aromatic hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, preferably petroleum ether, toluene, xylene, n-hexane, n-heptane or cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic extracting agent is methanol aqueous solution or ethanol aqueous solution. Eluent is pure water, anhydrous methanol, anhydrous ethanol and/or methanol with gradient eluting speed of 0.2-4 BV/hour. Preferred Method: Subcritical extraction is done at 80-200 degrees C and 108-4048 kPa. Drying is vacuum drying or freeze drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pyrolysis reaction is carried out in protective atmosphere, which is reducing atmosphere or inert atmosphere, in the presence of catalyst. The reducing atmosphere contains reducing gas chosen from hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The catalyst contains magnesium oxide and nickel oxide in mass ratio of 4:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The medium is an organic solvent, preferably cyclohexane. The mass ratio of blue green algae mud and pyrolysis medium is 1:3-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Refined methanol is 99.9% methanol, igniter is ethanol, stabilizing agent is tert.-butyl-p-cresol, exposing agent is methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, and deodorant is essence.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The combustion improving agent further comprises 0.00001-0.00002 %mass gasoline. The combustion improving agent comprises 0.000009-0.00002 %mass, preferably 0.000004-0.00001 %mass sodium peroxide, and 0.00001-0.000026 %mass, preferably 0.00001-0.000016 %mass ferrocene. The deodorant comprises 0.00006-0.00014 %mass potassium permanganate and 0.000006-0.000016 %mass ammonium nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Other oil is kerosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phase-stabilizing agent further contains liquid (B) and liquid (C). The volume ratio of liquid (B) and liquid (A) is 1:1-1:12. The liquid (B) contains 5-50 vol.% dioctyl phthalate, 5-50 vol.% methyl decanoate and 5-50 vol.% methyl octanoate. The volume ratio of liquid (C) and liquid (A) is 1:1-1:12. The liquid (C) contains 5-60 vol.% methyl decanoate, 5-60 vol.% methyl octanoate, 5-60 vol.% fatty acid methyl ester, 5-60 vol.% n-octanol and 5-60 vol.% dodecanol. The modified alcohol-gasoline contains 5-60 vol.% methanol, 30-85 vol.% straight-run gasoline, 8-20 vol.% liquid (A) and 2-8 vol.% liquid (B), or 5-60 vol.% methanol, 30-85 vol.% straight-run gasoline, 8-20 vol.% liquid (A) and 2-8 vol.% liquid (C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Concentration of calcium hydroxide is 0.1-1.7 g/L. Preferred Parameters: Calcium hydroxide has pH of 9-12.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The high-concentration organic wastewater is generated from food industry or biochemical industry, and has chemical oxygen demand concentration of 20000-50000 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The growth of the tissue-culture sugarcane plantlets is promoted by (a) activating the Devriesia sp. DSE strain 24L-4, inoculating activated strains onto oat flour containing culture medium, and incubating inoculated medium until fungal colonies grow fully, and (b) selecting consistently grown tissue-culture plantlets of sugarcane, sterilizing selected plantlets, transplanting sterilized plantlets onto Petri dish containing colonies of the Devriesia sp. DSE strain 24L-4, culturing the plantlets in culture flasks, washing away culture medium from roots of grown plantlets, drying washed plantlets and weighing dry weight of the roots. In the step (b), the plantlets are cultured at 23-28 degrees C under illumination intensity of 180 mu mol/m2/second and photoperiod of 12-16 hours/day for 30-45 days. The growth of the potted sugarcane seedlings is promoted by (a') hardening the sugarcane plantlets, selecting consistently grown sugarcane plantlets, and trimming leaf blade of the plantlets, (b') transplanting the sugarcane plantlets to pots containing soil and sugarcane cultivation matrix, and (c') preparing mycelial culture of the Devriesia sp. DSE strain 24L-4 in potato dextrose broth (PDB), shaking culture broth and irrigating the potted seedlings with the culture broth. In the above-mentioned step (c'), the shaking culture is performed on shaker at 23-28 degrees C and 100-200 revolutions per minute for 10-15 days. Preferred Media: The culture medium comprises 8-12 g/l oat flour, 15-18 g/l agar, 1-2 g/l magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1-2 g/l monopotassium phosphate and 1-2 g/l sodium nitrate. The PDB comprises 200 g potatoes, 20 g glucose and 1000 ml water. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The growth of the tissue-cultured D.candidum plantlets is promoted by (a) activating the DSE strain 24L-4, inoculating activated strains onto oat flour containing culture medium, and incubating inoculated medium until fungal colonies grow fully, and (b) selecting consistently grown tissue-culture plantlets of D.candidum, sterilizing selected plantlets, transplanting sterilized plantlets onto Petri dish containing colonies of the DSE strain 24L-4, culturing the plantlets in culture flasks, washing away culture medium from roots of grown plantlets, drying washed plantlets and weighing dry weight of the roots. In the step (b), the plantlets are cultured at 25 degrees C under illumination intensity of 160-200 mu mol/m2/second and photoperiod of 15-18 hours/day for 40-50 days. The growth of the potted D.candidum seedlings is promoted by (i) hardening the D.candidum plantlets, selecting consistently grown D.candidum plantlets, and trimming leaf blade of the plantlets, (ii) transplanting the D.candidum plantlets to pots containing adding soil and D.candidum cultivation matrix, and (iii) preparing mycelial culture of the DSE strain 24L-4 in potato dextrose broth (PDB), shaking culture broth and irrigating the potted seedlings with the culture broth. In the above-mentioned step (iii), the shaking culture is performed on shaker at 23-28 degrees C and 100-200 revolutions per minute for 10-15 days. Preferred Media: The culture medium comprises 10 g/l oat flour, 18 g/l agar, 1 g/l magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.5 g/l monopotassium phosphate and 1 g/l sodium nitrate. The PDB comprises 200 g potatoes, 20 g glucose and 1000 ml water. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Culturing is performed by flushing cell bodies containing Tween 80 (RTM: Polyethylene glycol-20 sorbitan monooleate) using 0.04-0.06 vol.% sterile water and uniformly mixing to obtain suspension. Microbial inoculum is prepared by adjusting pH of microbial inoculum to 5-5.5 and adding 8-10 mass% sodium chloride. Microbial inoculum is prepared by adjusting microbial inoculum pH to 5.5-6, adding 4-6 wt.% sodium chloride and 1.5-3 wt.% sodium propionate to obtain prefabricated liquid, adding carrier liquid in which mass-to-volume ratio carrier liquid:prefabricated liquid is 1-1.5:1-1.5, drying at 45-60 degrees C until water content is less than or equal to 10% to obtain solid microorganism microbial inoculum in which carrier is grain stillage powder and bran and mass ratio skin:carrier is 1-1.5:1-1.5. Preferred Compositions: First-stage seed culture medium contains 10-14 pts. wt. corn powder, 4-6 pts. wt. yeast extract, 6-10 pts. wt. sodium chloride, and 1000 pts. wt. distilled water in which medium has 7.1-7.3 pH. Second-stage seed culture medium contains 10-14 pts. wt. corn powder, 8-12 pts. wt. lees powder, 4-6 pts. wt. Phellodendron peanut powder, 5-7 pts. wt. sodium chloride, and 1000 pts. wt. distilled water in which pH of medium is 7.1-7.3. Microbial inoculum fermentation culture medium contains 13-15 pts. wt. corn powder, 14-16 pts. wt. lees powder, 6-8 pts. wt. peanut powder, 14-16 pts. wt. wheat bran, 2-4 pts. wt. sodium chloride, 3-5 pts. wt. dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.03-0.05 pt. wt. manganese sulfate, and 1000 pts. wt. distilled water in which medium has 7.1-7.3 pH. Preferred Conditions: Inoculating and fermentation temperature is 35-38 degrees C, and oscillating culture is 210-240 rpm/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Microalgae is freshwater microalgae with fast growth and strong resistance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Organic waste is industrial and agricultural organic waste, municipal solid waste, or lake water bloom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Hydrogen reactor is inoculated with sludge e.g. activated sludge or digested sludge. Inoculated sludge is pretreated using thermal pretreatment, acid treatment, alkali treatment, or ultrasonic treatment. Microalgae is collected by using microbial flocculant or natural high-molecular flocculant. Preferred Conditions: Thermal pretreatment is performed at 90-100 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours. Acid treatment is performed by adjusting pH to 2-4 and returning pH to 5-7 after 24 hours. Alkali treatment is performed by adjusting pH to 9-10 and returning pH to 5-7 after 24 hours. Ultrasonic treatment is performed at 100 kHz for 10-30 minutes. Hydrogen fermentation is performed in hydrogen fermentation reactor with pH of 5-7, moisture content of 80-98%, and temperature of 30-37 degrees C or 50-55 degrees C. Methane fermentation is performed in methane fermentation reactor with pH of 6-8 and temperature of 30-37 degrees C or 50-55 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In preparing xylooligosaccharide and lignin using microcrystalline cellulose straw, the agricultural crop straw is one of the following: wheat, rice, or maize straw. The dosage of the xylanase is 100-2000 U/ml, temperature is 40-60 degrees C, the enzymolysis time is 1-6 hours. The dosage of the cellulase is 500-5000 U/ml, enzymolysis temperature is 30-50 degrees C, the enzymolysis time is 1-6 hours. The dosage of the laccase is 5-3000 U/ml, the enzymolysis temperature is 30-50 degrees C, the enzymolysis time is 1-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In step (a), 67.5 pts. wt. cotton seed hulls , 20 pts. wt. wheat bran, and 17.5 pts. wt. auxiliary materials are weighed. The auxiliary materials comprise sawdust and cornmeal in ratio of 2:1. In step (c), the temperature of 18 degrees C and humidity of 92% are maintained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Downhole formation treatment method further involves fracturing the downhole formation, recovering the downhole fluid from downhole formation, and recycling the recovered downhole fluid. Preferred Composition: The amide branches are connected to aromatic core through carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen bonds, preferably carbon-nitrogen bonds. The number of amide branches contained in the downhole fluid is 3 or 4. The organic group is 6-24C alkyl group, preferably 6-10C alkyl group. The alkyl group is straight chain alkyl group. The aromatic core is naphthalene. The gelling agent is pyromellitamide gelling agent of formula (I). The base fluid contains 3-8C hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons contain liquefied petroleum gas. The downhole fluid further contains a water-activated breaker and a hydrate. The breaker contains coating, and amine salt, bromide salt, chloride salt, or organic salt, preferably alcohol or alkoxide salt containing 2C or more atoms. The alkoxide salt contains aluminum isopropoxide. The gelling agent further contains a carrier and a suspending agent. The carrier contains glycol.R1-R8=H or organic group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The coating contained in the breaker contains wax. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=alkyl;and    R5-R8=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microalgae comprise Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Nannochloropsis, Chroococcus, Chaetoceros, Achnanthes and Amphora.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is acid catalyst chosen from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetyl chloride and amberlyst. The amount of catalyst in biodiesel is 50-1500 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. microalgae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from hexane, toluene, chloroform, acetone, heptane, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride and benzene. The amount of organic solvent and alcohol in biodiesel is 50-4000 pts. wt. and 100-2000 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. microalgae. The alcohol is 1-10C alcohol, preferably methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Carbon nanotube has multiple layers in which relative frequency of the mode of the layer number distribution is less than or equal to 25%, preferably greater than or equal to 30%, and the distribution width of the layer number distribution of carbon nanotube is greater than or equal to 10 layers, preferably less than or equal to 10 layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The film thickness of porous plating film is 5-500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of reacting the phosphinate with another molecule of alcohol under the action of nickel catalyst to produce an H-phosphonate diester occurs after the step of initially reacting the hypophosphorous acid with and alcohol has been allowed to proceed to esterification. The H-phosphonate diester so produced is converted to glyphosate. The process of producing glyphosate is carried out by reacting hypophosphorous acid with butanol and toluene, refluxing for 2 hours in the presence of dimethyl diethoxy siloxane and ethyl silicate to form a phosphorous acid intermediate, and then refluxing the intermediate in the presence of catalyst to produce glyphosphate. Preferred Components: The metal catalyst comprises nickel, copper and palladium compounds, nickel on alumina, or nickel chloride and nickel/silicon dioxide. The H-phosphonate so produced has the structural formula ((RO)2P(O)H).R = alkali metal, hydrogen, alkyl, aryl. ACTIVITY - Pesticide ; herbicide    EXAMPLE - 50 wt.% of Aqueous hypophosphorous acid was concentrated in round bottomed flask under reduced pressure for 15 minutes at room temperature. To the concentrated solution, 30 mmol of butanol and 0.5 M of toluene were added to the reaction vessel, and the solution was heated to reflux for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The water was collected in a Dean-Stark trap filled with excess toluene to form butyl phosphinate. The Dean-Stark trap was removed and nickel/silicon dioxide was added. The mixture was refluxed at good agitation for 16-18 hours to obtain H-phosphonate with high purity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The low pressure synthesis gas mixture is produced at a temperature of 700-900 degrees C. The low pressure synthesis gas is at ambient pressure. The low pressure synthesis gas mixture is cooled after leaving the production process. The low pressure synthesis gas mixture is fed to a water gas shift reactor prior to being fed to the electro-chemical cell. The method further involves cooling the low pressure synthesis gas mixture leaving the water gas shift reactor. The hydrogen is compressed within the electrochemical cell with applied voltage to a pressure of 100-200 psig. Preferred Components: The low pressure synthesis gas mixture comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and water. The hydrocarbon is methane. The electro-chemical cell generates a waste gas stream. The electro-chemical cell contains a proton exchange electrolyte membrane. The proton exchange membrane is selected from sulfonated tetrafluorethane copolymer and poly benzyl immidazole. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalyst comprises kaolin, aluminum oxide, zeolite, silicon dioxide, aluminum orthophosphate, magnesium oxide, zinc sulfate and vanadyl sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components; Vegetable waste is rapidly composted cucumber seedling, tomato seedling, eggplant straw pole, pepper straw pole, green bean seedling, and cabbage leaf. ACTIVITY - Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The storing bottle is formed as a nanometer carbon tube or nano glass ball. The storing bottle is made of nano ceramic, zeolite, nano-fiber materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The filter is made of stainless steel material and palladium metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer electrolyte film is made of fluoropolymer such as expanded PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The introduction of the solid and/or the discharge of the solid are carried out continuously. A mixing phase and a rest phase are produced with each rotation of the drum. The tube is immersed in the solid in the mixing phase by mixing the solid and treating simultaneously with oxygen, where the pipe is transported back from the solid after the mixing phase. The tube is present outside the solid in the resting phase, and the solid is mixed to a lesser extent than in the mixing phase. The air is blown in the tube, and the air is sucked out from the drum. The heat is discharged from the extracted air to the blown air by means of a heat exchanger. Preferred Components: The tube is arranged parallel to the rotational axis of the drum, and is spaced from the rotational axis. The tube extends close to the lateral surface of the drum. At least supply air connection (22) in the drum, preferably in at least one end face of the drum allows an introduction of oxygen into the tube. The end face is fixed with the supply air connection relative to the rotating drum, and the supply air connection is connected with the tube via a rotary coupling. A first ventilator is provided at the inlet front side of the drum for suctioning the air from the drum. A second fan is provided at the supply air connection for blowing the air into the pipe. The heat exchanger is provided for transferring the heat from the extracted air to the blown air. A least one unilaterally open hood is provided on the pipe. The hood is pivotable against the tube. The hood is a U-shaped profile, which is placed on the pipe. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Sap: The seaweed sap increases the average corn stover yield of maize plant by 28-33%, 15-20% and 27-32 % during S1 (season 1), S2 (season 2) and S3 (season 3), respectively, as compared to pristine K.alvarezii sap treatment. The seaweed sap enhances the alpha -amylase enzyme activity by 2-3 folds in seeds of mung bean upon seed treatment during germination as compared to seed treatment with pristine K.alvarezii sap. The expression of disease responsive genes proteinase 3 (PR3) and PR-5 in tomato plants are up-regulated compared to the expression upon application of pristine sap. The seaweed sap is obtained by solvent extraction with ethyl acetate, where the ratio of pristine sap to ethyl acetate is 2:1-1:1. The seaweed sap is heated below 60 degrees C during extraction process. The gibberellic acid is probed for its removal by solvent extraction. The sap comprises 22-24 ppm indole acetic acid (IAA), 27-30 ppm gibberellic acid, 7-9 ppm kinetin, 23-25 ppm zeatin, 75-80 ppm glycine betaine and 57-60 ppm choline, before extraction with ethyl acetate and 19-20 ppm IAA, 0 ppm gibberellic acid, 6-7 ppm kinetin, 18-20 ppm zeatin, 70-75 ppm glycine betaine and 48-55 ppm choline, after extraction with ethyl acetate. The seaweed sap comprises residual ethyl acetate in the sap after extraction is confirmed to be below the detection limit which is not greater than 1-2 ppm. ADMINISTRATION - The gibberellic acid free K.alvarezii seaweed sap is applied on maize or other plants as foliar spray. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves introducing animal manure as a substrate in a drying hall, drying the manure, applying olive mill wastewater to the animal manure in the drying hall, then continuously mixing the manure inside the sun drying hall together with the continuous addition of olive mill wastewater, and arresting drying once the desired concentration of nutrients has been reached. The method involves composting the substrate in a closed vessel composter, with the addition of organic wastes rich in sugars such as grape skins and water, re-introducing the composted substrate inside the drying hall for further moisture reduction, and grinding the produced matter to the desired size. The method involves introducing nutrients to the substrate though the evaporation of olive mill wastewater is inside a sun drying hall. The composting of the substrate in closed vessel systems is performed with organic waste containing a large amount of sugars. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: During solid-liquid-separation process, the crushed palm trunk is squeezed between a ring roll (21) and an internal roll (22) positioned inside the ring roll. The pressing rate of the ring roll and the internal roll is adjusted by pushing pressure force in a cylinder (25). Before fuel-pellet formation process, the solid component is dried. Ashes produced after burning the fuel pellets are collected and mixed with the fraction during fertilizer production process. Fraction which remains after distillation of liquid component is further concentrated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst component contains catalyst metal component. The catalytic metal component is carrier carrying catalyst metal particles. During manufacture process, an inorganic porous component is mixed with other raw materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pH control component is alkaline component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The conical wetting mechanism includes a tangential water inlet at an upper portion of it, and a deflector at a bottom portion of it. The eductor provides a negative pressure for facilitating loading of the dry particulate into the hopper to reduce dusting.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises combining the biocide particulate slurry with a pressurized water stream. The dry particulate biocide is combined with at least one auxiliary agent before it is combined with water in step (b). The step (b) is conducted in a conical wetting mechanism. The conical wetting mechanism is conically shaped and the water is delivered to the conical wetting mechanism in a tangential manner in an upper portion of the conical wetting mechanism. The biocide is initially pelletized. The pressurized water stream is maintained at turbulent flow. Preferred Components: The biocide has a solubility in water of not greater than 5 wt.% and a particle size of 0.2-20 mm. The biocide is at least one of 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, methylene bis(thiocyanate), 3,5-dimethyl-1,3,5-thiadiazinane-2-thione, 1,5-pentanedial, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate, N-alkyl dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride, cocodiamines, 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 1,2-benziosothiazolin-3-one, sodium ortho-phenylphenate, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, disodium ethylene bisdithiocarbamate, methyl dithiocarbamate or 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one. The auxiliary agent is a proppant. EXAMPLE - No suitable examples.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pipe and conical hollow element are made up of galvanized iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The light source is halogen light, mercury lamp, nitrogen lamp, laser lamp, LED lamp or natural light.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, acetonitrile, acetone and isopropyl alcohol. The mass ratio of organic solvent and residue is 1-100:1. The molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine hydrate is 0.1-1:1. The photosensitizer is rose Bengal, methylene blue, toluidine blue, porphyrin or porphyrin derivative. The acid catalyst is protonic acid and/or Lewis acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water is liquid water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The compound (c) comprises cellulose and lignin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: the cellulosic substrate is mechanically or chemically pretreated; and the whole fermentation broth is prepared from fermentation of filamentous fungi. Preferred Components: The cellulosic substrate comprises at least one cellulose source comprising wood, wood pulp, papermaking sludge, paper pulp waste streams, particle board, corn stover, corn fiber, corn cob, rice, paper and pulp processing waste, woody or herbaceous plants, fruit pulp, vegetable pulp, pumice, distillers grain, grasses, rice hulls, sugar cane bagasse, cotton, jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, abaca, straw, corn cobs, leaves, wheat straw, coconut hair, algae and/or switchgrass. The fermenting microorganism is a yeast, bacterial cell or an ethanologenic microorganism. EXAMPLE - Acid-pretreated bagasse was adjusted to 7% cellulose loading using 20 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 5). Yeast nutrients were added to obtain the final concentrations of 1 g/l yeast extract, 1 g/l peptone, and 1 g/l urea. Whole fermentation broth or clarified fermentation broth (to a concentration of 0.4 carboxymethyl cellulose U/g acid-treated sugar cane bagasse) was added simultaneously with yeast to start the fermentation. When supplemented, the clarified fermentation broth has a final specific activity for 3-glucosidase of 0.063 para-nitrophenol- alpha -D-glucopyranoside/g acid treated bagasse. The whole fermentation broth has a similar 3-glucosidase activity. The flasks were agitated at 150 rpm to obtain the organic substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the Desmodesmus strain is propagated in an open pond system. The Desmodesmus strain is propagated in a photobioreactor. The biomass source of (a) is partially dried, completely dried, or dried and partially reconstituted in water. The Desmodesmus strain is further characterized as having an algaenan content of 5-10%. The Desmodesmus strain is further characterized as having a ribosomal RNA sequence comprising a defined nucleotide sequence of 601 bp (SEQ ID NO. 1), given in the specification. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of vilazodone hydrochloride crystalline polymorphic form B comprises: (a) obtaining a solution of vilazodone hydrochloride in dimethylformamide; (b) adding alcoholic hydrochloric acid solution into the reaction mixture of the step (a); and (c) isolating vilazodone hydrochloride crystalline polymorphic form B. Preparation of vilazodone hydrochloride crystalline polymorphic form A comprises: (a1) obtaining a solution of vilazodone hydrochloride in a mixture of a halogenated hydrocarbon and an alcohol; (b1) adding alcoholic hydrochloric acid solution into the reaction mixture of the step (a1); and (c1) isolating vilazodone hydrochloride crystalline polymorphic form A. Preferred Components: The halogenated hydrocarbon solvent is dichloromethane (preferred), dichloroethane or chloroform. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or isobutanol. The alcoholic hydrochloric acid is methanolic-, ethanolic-, propanolic- or isopropanolic hydrochloric acid. ACTIVITY - Antidepressant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A-agonist; 5-Hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor.    EXAMPLE - 5 g Vilazodone was added to 15 ml dimethylformamide and stirred to obtain clear solution. The reaction mixture was slowly added to 34 ml 0.25N methanolic hydrochloric acid solution. The obtained solid was filtered and washed with methanol, dried at 60-65 degrees C to obtain vilazodone hydrochloride crystalline polymorphic form B (yield 55%, with a purity of 99.63%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor assembly is operable to generate a supply of liquid crude glycerol and at least some of the liquid crude glycerol being sent from the biodiesel plant to the ethanol plant for mixture with the beer. The ethanol plant includes apparatus for creating a heated corn/water slurry and a carbon dioxide scrubber operable to receive the beer well overhead and to create a water stream, where at least one part of the water stream from the carbon dioxide scrubber is used as a part of the corn/water slurry. The evaporator apparatus comprises a multiple-effect evaporator including first and second effects, where glycerol from the biodiesel plant is introduced into the ethanol plant for mixing with a concentrated thin stillage product from the first effect.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further comprises: converting the ester or anhydride to a fuel, which is butanol; and adding a chemical treatment unit to the manufacturing facility. The material is saccharified by contacting the irradiated material with an enzyme. The saccharified material is fermented using a bacteria or yeast. The saccharified material is fermented with an anaerobe. The step of converting the butyric acid includes a chemical treatment. Preferred Components: The lignocellulosic material is paper, paper products, wood, wood-related materials, grasses, rice hulls, bagasse, jute, hemp, flax, bamboo, sisal, abaca, straw, corn cobs, coconut hair, industrial waste, processing waste, human waste or animal waste. The ester or anhydride is a carboxylic acid ester or anhydride of an acid consisting of acrylic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, succinic acid or 3-hydroxypropionic acid. The ester is methyl, ethyl or n-propyl esters. The enzyme is a cellulolytic enzyme.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition has a higher ratio of waste carpets to carpet tiles. The composition comprises less than 40% carpet tiles. Preferred Process: The first and second waste streams are processed to remove any metal contamination (preferably polyvinyl chloride). The first waste stream makes up not greater than 40% of the co-mingled solid recovered fuel composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred System: The anaerobic treatment system further comprises a recovery unit that recovers biogas which is generated in the anaerobic treatment tank, where the state evaluation unit performs evaluation based on an amount of the biogas which is recovered by the recovery unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A drying step is not performed. The reacting step is performed at a constant predetermined pressure of 1000-1500 psi, and at a constant predetermined temperature of 200-300 degrees C. A separate extraction step is not performed. The method involves reacting the wet algae biomass with the non-catalytic supercritical methanol in the presence of nitrogen. The reaction takes for 5-45 minutes. The reacting step comprises simultaneously extracting and transesterification of the wet algae biomass. Preferred components: The wet algae biomass to methanol ratio is 1:2-1:20 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The pellets are obtained by pretreating lignocellulosic biomass into pretreated biomass, separating the pretreated biomass into a liquid component (A) comprising sugars and a solids component (A1) comprising cellulose and the lignin composition, hydrolyzing the solids component (A1) of the pretreated biomass into a hydrolyzed biomass comprising sugars and lignin composition, separating the hydrolyzed biomass into a liquid component (B) comprising sugars and a solids component (B1) comprising the lignin composition, supplying the solids component (B1) comprising the lignin composition to a pelletizing apparatus consisting of disc pelletizer to produce the pellets, supplying the solids component (B1) to a fermentation system to produce fermentation product, separating the fermentation product into a liquid component (C) and a solids component (C1) comprising the lignin composition, and supplying the solids component (C1) to the pelleting apparatus to produce the pellets. Preferred Composition: The content of lignin in pellets is preferably 95% or more. At least a portion of lignin is not sulfonated. The lignocellulosic biomass comprises 5.5-7.5% cellulose, 1.8-3.9% hemicellulose and 57-67% lignin. The pellets comprise agent chosen from ash, fiber, saw dust and/or distillers dried grains. The lignin is recovered from lignocellulosic biomass comprising corn cobs, corn plant husks, corn plant leaves and/or corn plant stalks.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid hot mix heat transfer medium comprises lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is ethanol derived from sugar cane. The thickening agent and gelling agent is glyoxal. Preferred Gel: The fuel gel comprises 70-90% (preferably 65-85%) of alcohol; 10-30% (preferably 15-35%) of distilled water and 2.25-2.72% or 2.03-2.48 or 1.35-1.65% of glyoxal and has pH of 8-9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method of combining the MITC-generating compound with the organic waste is by mixing or by spreading. ACTIVITY - Fertiliser
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst for hydrogenation of self addition product comprises a transition metal catalyst. The transition metal catalyst comprises of 2 or more transition metals. The transition metal catalyst is copper zinc oxide-based catalyst. The catalyst for ketonizing propanoic acid is metal oxide or ( gamma )-alumina The catalyst for hydrogenation of acetic acid is chosen from zinc copper catalyst, copper chromite catalyst, platinum tin catalyst or ruthenium catalyst. The synthesis gas is obtained from feedstock chosen from biomass, natural gas, coal, trash and petroleum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The self addition product is dimer or trimer of methyl ketene. 6C alcohol is 2-methyl pentanol. Butanol is used as feed stock in process comprising successive carbonylation and reduction reactions to produce 5C and more then 5C alcohols. The butanol fuel mixture comprises a mixture of alcohols. Preferred Process: The 6C alcohol is further blended with gasoline, diesel, fossil fuel, biofuel and/or synthetic fuel, to form an automotive fuel. The dimer is hydrogenated to obtain 6C alcohol. Alternatively, 3-pentanol is obtained by converting synthesis gas to methanol, carbonylating methanol to acetic acid, hydrogenating acetic acid to ethanol using catalyst, carbonylating ethanol to propanoic acid, ketonizing propanoic acid to 3-pentanone, and hydrogenating 3-pentanone using catalyst. The 3-pentanol is blended with automotive fuel. Ethanol, propanol and butanol are carbonylated in a single reactor. The butanol fuel mixture is further purified to produce a fuel. 6C alcohol is prepared by converting synthesis gas to methanol, carbonylating methanol to acetic acid, and hydrogenating acetic acid to ethanol, preferably fermentation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: 98 wt.% or more, preferably all moisture is removed from biomass in drying zone. The residence time of biomass in drying zone is 10-60 minutes. The biomass is comminuted to average particle size of 0.1-3 inches. The torrefied biomass is reduced to particle size of 1-500 microns. Preferred Component: The vessel used in drying zone and torrefaction zone is chosen from moving bed reactor, fluid bed reactor and jet mill reactor. The gasification zone is fluid bed gasification zone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The biomass is lignocellulosic material. The lignocellulosic biomass is chosen from corn, corn stover, corn cobs, alfalfa stems, wheat straw, rice straw, rice hulls, kenaf, distiller grains, sugar cane bagasse, sugar beet tailings wood waste, railroad ties, trees, softwood forest thinnings, barky wastes, sawdust, paper, wood fiber, grass crops, grass clippings and tree clippings, preferably sugar cane bagasse and sugar beet tailings.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Cell: The recombinant yeast cell has reduced or eliminated endogenous pyruvate decarboxylase activity, wherein the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is defined by the enzyme classification number EC 1.2.4.1 or by multienzyme complex comprising proteins chosen from E1 alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDA1), E1 beta subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDB1), large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1), ipoamide dehydrogenase component (LPD1), and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1). The recombinant yeast cell comprises disruption in a gene encoding the above-mentioned protein. Preferred Component: The mitochondria further substantially devoid of branched-chain amino acid transaminase activity. The mitochondria is further substantially devoid of isopropylmalate synthase activity. Preferred Cell: The yeast is chosen from Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Hansenula, Candida, Kluyveromyces, Yarrowia and Pichia. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The system has solids conduit extending between the cooker and the bioreactor. The system has wastewater treatment facility in fluid communication with the thermal liquid conduit. The system has at least one water treatment facility chosen from demineralizer, wastewater treater, and/or trickling filter. Preferred Components: The bioreactor has separator configured to separate solid and liquid biomaterial, where the aerobic composter component is configured to process the solid biomaterial and the anaerobic fermenter component is configured to process the liquid biomaterial. The bioreactor has at least one component chosen from biomaterial shredder, biomaterial hydrolytic vessel, biomaterial pulper, fungal pretreater, enzyme synthesis reactor, and digester. The bioreactor is a heat exchanger in thermal communication with the thermal gas conduit and the air supplied to the inlet. The bioreactor is a condenser configured to remove water from the boiler thermal gases by cooling them and heat the air in the inlet. The bioreactor is a humidifier configured to humidify the air in the inlet. The thermal gas conduit comprises dampers configured to block thermal gases from entering at least one component of the system chosen from cooker, the bioreactor, and the inlet. The thermal gas conduit is configured to carry gaseous or liquid biofuel waste byproducts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The membrane contactor comprises hollow fibers, preferably super-hydrophobic hollow fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of removing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide with the absorption solvent: occurs on a floating platform or offshore; and results in a carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide containing solvent stream, where the process further comprises stripping carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide containing solvent stream to form a regenerated absorption solvent, and recycling or introducing at least a portion of the regenerated absorption solvent to the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane contactor. The step of stripping carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide containing solvent stream occurs on the floating platform. Preferred Components: The absorption solvent comprises an amine solvent comprising diethanolamine or methydiethanolamine. The feed natural gas contains in excess of 3% of carbon dioxide and in excess of 50 ppmv of carbon dioxide, and 5-40% of carbon dioxide and 100-1000 ppmv of hydrogen sulfide. The sour natural gas contains in excess of 3% of carbon dioxide and in excess of 50 ppmv of hydrogen sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The solution comprises a biomass comprising a cellulose and/or hemicellulose as a carbon source, and the host cell expresses one or more enzymes capable of breaking down the cellulose and/or hemicelluloses. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The AMP is 5-200 amino acids in length. The AMP is an insecticidal AMP or a non-insecticidal AMP. The concentration of the AMP is 0.5-500 mu m, preferably 75-370 mu m. The AMP comprises the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-1647, preferably SEQ ID NOs: 32, 36, 62, 64, 122, 232, 235, 246, 803, and 1637. The nucleotide sequence encoding the AMP is codon-optimized for expression in algae. The AMP does not substantially inhibit the growth of the algae. The nucleotide sequence encoding the AMP comprises any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1648-1651 (one of 4 (72-105) base pair sequences all fully defined in the specification). E.G. Arg-His-Pro-Gln-Tyr-Asn-Gln-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1105) His-Pro-Gln-Tyr-Asn-Gln (SEQ ID NO: 1106) His-Ala-Gln-Tyr-Asn-Gln-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1107) His-Pro-Gln-Tyr-Asn-Ala-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1108) His-Pro-Gln-Tyr-Asn-Gln-Ala (SEQ ID NO: 1109) His-Pro-Gln-Tyr-Ala-Gln-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1110) His-Pro-Ala-Tyr-Asn-Gln-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1111) His-Pro-Ala-Tyr-Asn-Pro-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1112) Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1113) Ile-Ile-Gly-Gly-Arg (SEQ ID NO: 1114).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The isolated rumen comprises a bovine rumen. The organic feedstock is an adulterated feedstock or feed grade feedstock, where dewatered biomass is a soil enhancer having live microbes. The continuous MEF is performed for at least 30 days. The method involves controlling the fermentation from a remote facility, where the controlling is effectuated through use of a cabled or wireless communications link between the fermentation and the remote facility. The feedstock further comprises biodiesel waste. The method further involves (a) drying the dewatered biomass to produce a high protein animal feed or dry fertilizer, or (b) adding a butyric acid producing bacteria, preferably Clostridium acetobutylicum, adding one or more substances capable of being utilized as a source of nitrogen in the fermentation, recycling the organic feedstock that is undigested in the fermentation through a grinder/mixer, where organic feedstock with the isolated rumen is reinoculated periodically during the fermentation and shunting at least a portion of the acetic acid to a ceramic oxide fuel cell process for generating power from the acetic acid, and utilizing the generated power in the method. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The inlet port portion is provided between the methanation reactor of primary stage and the methanation reactor of secondary stage, or between the methanation reactor of last stage and the carbon dioxide removal installation. The system further consists of a heat-use unit for adjusting the temperature of the introductory gas from the desulfurization installation to the methanation reaction installation. The methanation reaction installation further consists of a bypass introduction unit for inducing a portion of inflow gas to the methanation reactor of primary stage, and remainder gas to the methanation reactor of subsequent stage following the methanation reactor of the primary stage directly. Preferred Process: The steam introduction unit introduces the steam into a portion of methanation reaction installation inflow gas induced to methanation reactor of primary stage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The source gas is a coal gasification gas. The source gas contains 30 volume% or more carbon dioxide. Preferred Process: The coal gasification gas is obtained by gasifying coal using coal gasification installation (1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen and cathode are produced with sliver, chloride and carbon di oxide by anode potential process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fermentation culture medium comprises tryptone (0.5-1.5%), yeast extract (0.1-1.0%), disodium hydrogen phosphate (10-50 millimolar), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (10-50 millimolar), ammonium chloride (20-100 millimolar), sodium sulfate (1-10 millimolar), magnesium sulfate (1-10 millimolar), glycerine (0.1-1.0%), glucose (0.01-0.1 %), lactose (0.1-0.5 %), and ferric trichloride (50-120 mu molar).The obtained fermentation broth is centrifuged to obtain a pellet of recombinant Escherichia coli cells, which is then dissolved in a phosphate buffer solution to obtain a cell suspension of recombinant Escherichia coli cell. L-tert-leucine solution is then passed through a cationic ion-exchange resin column chromatography, where the obtained analyte as L-tert-leucine is washed with aqueous ammonia solution, and then concentrated to obtain concentrated highly purified biological L-tert-leucine as desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The silver cadmium oxide material contains 85-97wt.% of silver, 2-15wt.% of cadmium nickel, 0.01-0.5wt.% of tin and 0.01-1 wt.% of lanthanum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal carbonate is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate. The metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The metal hydride is sodium hydride or potassium hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The deprotection reaction is carried out using protic acid chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and fluoroacetic acid, in presence of base (b2) chosen from alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The nucleophilic reagent (VI) is preferably bis(trimethylsilyl)amine, succinimide, N-formylformamide, bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amine, N-t-butoxycarbonyl-carboxamide, diethyl n-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phosphoramidate and o,o-diethyl phosphate-N-(trimethylsilyl)amide. Preferred Composition: The base (b1) is chosen from alkali metal carbonate, metal hydroxide, metal hydride, metal alkoxide and metal hydrocarbyl compound. The metal alkoxide is sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide or lithium tert-butoxide. The metal hydrocarbyl compound is n-butyllithium, methyllithium or phenyl lithium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The method further comprises aseptically drying the culture product obtained after the culturing step; aseptically pulverizing the dried product; adding at least one diluting agent for color adjustment, diluting agent for improving storability and diluting agent for activating enzyme ability in a liquid preparation; and adding diluting agent for fermentation or diluting agent for improving storability in the pulverized microbial agent. EXAMPLE - Bacillus sp. EBW4 (KACC91749P) identified from lugworm was inoculated in a culture medium and cultured at 25-30 degrees C for 1-2 days to obtain the culture product, where some portion of the obtained culture product was used as a liquid microbial agent and remaining portion was aseptically dried and pulverized to obtain the microbial agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydroquinone based antioxidant comprises tert-butylhydroquinone, di-tert-butylhydroquinone and/or tert-butylhydroxyanisole. The weight ratio of the hydroquinone based antioxidant and the basic additives is 1:0.5-1.5. The use amount of the composition for preconditioning biodiesel is 0.001-2 wt.%. The oxidation stabilization efficiency ( Delta AO) is equal to ((AOba-AOi)/AOi)x 100, where AOba is oxidation stability of biodiesel after adding basic additive, and AOi is oxidation stability of biodiesel after adding only antioxidant, and Delta AO is 50-200%. The antioxidant is tert-butylhydroquinone or tert-butylhydroxyanisole and the basic additive is triethylenetetramine or triethylenepentamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In the state observation process, the temperature of several points is measured inside the covering. In the primary fermentation determination process, the primary fermentation of the decontaminated waste material is determined based on the measured temperature. The oxygen concentration inside the covering is measured at the state observation process. In the primary fermentation determination process, the primary fermentation of the decontaminated waste material is determined based on the oxygen concentration fall rate which shows oxygen concentration fall amount of per unit time.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of the product is by seedling, spotting or spraying on ground (claimed). No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - The method involves culturing microorganism and fermenting the saccharified solution of wood-based biomass with microorganism chosen from yeast, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Escherichia coli and Bacillus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The saccharified solution comprises phenol-derived or polychlorinated dibenzofurans. The phenolic compound is at least one chosen from ferulic acid, coumaric acid, benzoic acid, syringic acid, vanilic acid, valilin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and syringaldehyde. The polychlorinated dibenzofuran is 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF). The electrochemical treatment method is performed using equipment. The electrochemical uses electricity of 0.01-50 volt. The bio-chemical is fatty acid, diol, diene and organic acid. The biofuel is ethanol or butanol. Preferred Method: The method involves determining the voltage that is optimal for oxidation of the toxic compound before electrochemical treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. EXAMPLE - Samples from livestock manure were plated on a solid medium (prepared by adding 5 g Bacto peptone (RTM: Enzymatic digest of animal protein), 1 g Bacto yeast extract (RTM: Concentrate of water soluble portion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells), 0.1 g iron(III) citrate, 5.9 g dried magnesium chloride, 3.24 g sodium sulfate, 1.8 g calcium chloride, 0.55 g potassium chloride, 0.16 g sodium carbonate, 0.08 g potassium bromate, 34 mg strontium chloride, 22 mg boric acid, 4 mg sodium-silicate, 4 mg sodium fluoride, 1.6 mg ammonium nitrate, 8 mg disodium hydrogen phosphate, 33 g sodium chloride and 15 g agar in 1 l distilled water, and high temperature sterilizing) and primary cultured for 24 hours at 30 degrees C to isolate 20 species strains. Then 5 kinds of strains were isolated and subjected to temperature (10-42 degrees C), pH (6-10) and sodium chloride concentration (1-2%) for excellent growth of strains. The strains were subjected to decompose high concentration organic matter and then isolated H2S1 strain, which exhibited high decomposition rate of organic matter and sub-cultured to obtain Nitrobacter sp. H2S1 strains.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises modifying Cyanobacterium by introducing the Cyanobacterium into the exogenous polynucleotide encoding DGAT and the exogenous polynucleotide encoding the lipid packaging protein. Preferred Components: The DGAT: is fused to a heterologous intracellular localization domain and the lipid packaging protein; uses acyl-ACP as a substrate; and is a prokaryotic DGAT, an Acinetobacter DGAT, a Streptomyces DGAT, or an Alcanivorax DGAT. The packaging protein is plastoglobulin 1, plastoglobulin 2, plastoglobulin-like, polyhydroxyalkanoatel P (Pha1 P), triacylglycerol accumulation deficient A (Tad A) or caleosin 11. The exogenous polynucleotide encoding DGAT and lipid packaging protein is present in one or more expression constructs. The expression constructs are stably integrated into the Cyanobacterium genome, and comprise a constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter. The modified Cyanobacterium further comprises an exogenous polynucleotide encoding an acyl carrier protein (ACP). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The fungus is: serially propagated; grown on or in a high-starch substrate; grown in a liquid medium; and grown on a solid medium. The compound is isolated from the culturing media. The compound is isolated from a vapor produced within a culturing container containing the culturing media. The microorganism is an endophyte having a fungus. Preferred Method: The method further comprises isolating the compound from the culturing media and a vapor produced within the container. EXAMPLE - Endophytic fungal culture, CI-4A, was obtained as an endophyte from an evergreen tree (Persea indica). One small limb was excised from Persea indica found growing on the island. Other plant species sampled from the same island included Acacia sp., Pinus canariensis, Prunus lusitanica and Rhamnus grandifolia. External tissues were thoroughly exposed to 70% of ethanol prior to excision of internal tissues which were cultured on standard Petri dishes of water agar and glycerol arginine medium. Endophytic fungi growing from the plant tissues were then picked and re-cultured on potato dextrose agar. It was also notable that CI-4A grows readily in the presence of volatile organic compounds of Monopterus albus to obtain isolated fungus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The algae mass has particle size of 0.04-0.2 mm, preferably 0.04-0.08 mm. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The solid fuel further comprises a diluting agent including glue or starch. The solid fuel comprises 20-50 wt.% of algae biomass, and 50-80 wt.% of fuel additive. Preferred Components: An oil content of the algae biomass is 60-80%. The fuel additive contains wood pellet, rice bran, rice straw, rice hulls, barley straw, cornstalk, cane part, bioethanol, methanol residue, coffee shell, peanut hull, sunflower seeds, sunflower seeds shell, bamboo, charcoal, and red clay. The solid fuel is in pellet shape, briquet shape, almond shape, briquette shape, pillow-shape or finger shape. The fuel additive is crushed into a size of 5-20 mm, preferably less than 10 mm. Preferred Method: The drying step is performed in a drum-shaped dryer at a temperature of 150-200 degrees C for 2-5 minutes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The natural bio-degradable medium is mixed with fly ash in vol./wt. ratio of 1:3 for better storage and easy transport of the bio-enhancers. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. A formulation (Test) containing 35 g cow-dung, 10 g jaggery, 6.25 ml cow urine, and 10 g gypsum was prepared for multiplication of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Similarly a vermin-compost based formulation (control) was prepared without using the gypsum. It was observed that growth under test formulation of CSR was 107 as it was observed in nutrient broth while the control formulation was very low to be taken for commercial use.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The medium is applied at rate of 5-10 kg in 100 kg of farm yard manure (FYM). For banana and other fruit crops 20 ml of 2% formulation can be applied in feeder roots during critical period of crop growth along with fertilizer and FYM growth. For foliar application, about 2% of the medium is sprayed for vegetables and flower crops. Also used for seed treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal catalyst for shift modification is nickel (Ni) and is molded so that Ni is exposed only in downstream porous support body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The primary- and secondary mixing agitators are provided with several triangular rotating plates having triangular cross section towards upper side of a rotating shaft rotated by a motor at the top, and is configured to be opened and closed by lower side of the rotating plates. The waste introduced towards primary mixing agitator is 30 wt.% food waste and general waste flow, where the general waste flow is cut and ground to 10 cm using cutting devices and grinding devices. The amount of waste maintained in the primary mixing agitator is 10 wt.% based on total weight of the waste. The primary and secondary mixtures from the primary mixing agitator and the secondary mixing agitator respectively are heated to 80 degrees C via the steam heater. The secondary mixing agitator mixes 50 wt.% graphite and 10 wt.% ocher.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises pulverizing the fermented food waste and poultry waste to a size of less than 10 meshes and then mixing, and controlling the moisture content of the poultry waste. The fermentation step is carried out at 25-40 degrees C for 30-45 days under anaerobic conditions. The mixing step is carried out at a temperature of less than 5 degrees C. Preferred Components: The food waste has a moisture content of more than 85%, and comprises 0.5-5 pts. wt., preferably 2-5 pts. wt. red clay that is present in the form of powder having a size of less than 10 meshes. The methane gas is present in an upper part of the fermentation tank. A compost residue having nitrogen phosphate content is discharged in a bottom portion of the fermentation tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: Red clay has particle size of less than 10 mesh. Preferred Composition: The content of red clay is 0.5-2 pts. wt. when mixing temperature is 5 degrees C or more. The content of red clay is 2-5 pts. wt. when mixing temperature is less than 5 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The moisture content of pig manure and poultry manure is 80% or more. Preferred Process: During production of compost and methane gas, 0.05-5 pts. wt. red clay is added with respect to 100 pts. wt. pig manure and poultry manure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid alkali metal ethylcarbonate is sodium ethylcarbonate or potassium ethylcarbonate. The amount of water is adjusted for improving the yield of the ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises performing an aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation reaction on a feedstock comprising a biomass-derived reactant in aqueous solution, where hydrogen is present in 10x to 1000x stoichiometric excess for reaction of the biomass-derived reactant to diol product. The hydrodeoxygenation reaction is carried out at 100-500 degrees C, a pressure of 100-1000 psig, a weight-hourly space velocity of 0.1-50 g of liquid feedstock per gram of catalyst per hour, and hydrogen is present in stoichiometric excess for reaction of the biomass-derived reactant to a diol product. Preferred Components: The feedstock is contacted with the catalyst or catalysts for a time, temperature, pressure, and weight hourly space velocity to yield a product mix comprising 2-12C- alpha , omega -diols, preferably 2-6C-a, omega -diols. The catalyst or catalysts are adhered to a support. The support comprises a solid acid having Lewis acid functionality or Bronsted acid functionality. The support comprises carbon, a refractory oxide and/or a phosphate-bonded refractory oxide. The catalyst or catalysts comprises a metal comprising platinum, palladium, ruthenium, iridium, tungsten, cobalt, nickel and/or iron. The catalyst or catalysts are further combined with or alloyed with one or more additional metals comprising alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and/or rare earth metals. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises: an antimicrobial; and water. Preferred Components: The cyclic oligosaccharide is present at 0.75-5 wt.% in the composition. The cyclic oligosaccharide comprises 6-8 saccharide units. The cyclic oligosaccharide is methyl- beta -cyclodextrin (preferred), hydroxypropyl- alpha -cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- beta -cyclodextrin and/or methyl- alpha -cyclodextrin. The volatile solvent comprises ethanol. The non-volatile solvent is benzyl benzoate, diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, propylene glycol, isopropyl myristate and/or dipropylene glycol. The cyclic oligosaccharide comprises a fragrance. EXAMPLE - Typical aerosolized composition comprised of: 61.25 wt.% denatured alcohol; 0.75 wt.% water; 1 wt.% methyl- beta -cyclodextrin; 2 wt.% fragrance; and 35 wt.% 1,1-difluoroethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Gene: The bacterial gene is chosen from glycolate dehydrogenease (GDH), glycolate oxidase (GO), and malate synthase (MS). The bacterial gene in the plant produces an elevated level of biological product. Preferred Plant: The plant is a monocotyledonous plant. The monocotyledonous plant is chosen from Oryza, Arundo, Hordeum, and Triticum. The plant is a dicotyledonous plant. The dicotyledonous plant is chosen from Arabidopsis, Nicotiana, Lycopersicon, Glycine, Brassica, Vitis, Solanum, Manihot, Arachis, Malus, Citrus, Gossypium, Lactuca, and Raphanus. Preferred Product: The biological product is a biofuel or a biofuel intermediate, therapeutic compound, bioplastic or terpene. The biological product comprises carbon. The therapeutic compound is a nutraceutical compound or terpenoid-derived compound. The bioplastic is chosen from polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and polylactic acid (PLA). Preferred Method: The method (M2) further involves over-expressing plant gene. The bacterial and plant genes are co-expressed. The carbon-containing process is photorespiration or photosynthesis. The bioproduct synthesis pathway is terpene biosynthesis or polymer biosynthesis. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Nucleic Acid: The protein has acyl-ACP thioesterase activity operable to alter the fatty acid profile of an oil produced by a recombinant cell comprising that sequence. Preferred Host Cell: The host cell is selected from a plant cell, a microbial cell, and a microalgal cell. Preferred Method: The method for producing an oil or oil-derived product further comprises producing a fatty acid, fuel, chemical, or other oil-derived product from the oil. Preferred Oil: The oil is produced by a microalgae and optionally, lacks C24-alpha sterols. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst further comprises cesium and germanium impregnated on alumina, where the pressure is 25-40 bar at 225-275 degrees C. The catalyst is tin impregnated on a monocesium tungstophosphate solid catalyst material, where the pressure is 0-10 bar at 225-275 degrees C or the pressure is 10-20 bar at 300-350 degrees C. The catalyst is tin impregnated on a lithium zeolite socony mobil-5 (Li-ZSM-5) solid catalyst material, where the pressure is 5-15 bar at 225-275 degrees C. The catalyst is tin impregnated on titania, where the pressure is 5-15 bar at 300-350 degrees C. The catalyst is tin impregnated on a lithium-mordenite solid catalyst material, where the pressure is 10-20 bar at 225-275 degrees C. The catalyst is germanium impregnated on a Li-ZSM-5 solid catalyst material, where the pressure is 25-40 bar at 225-275 degrees C. The catalyst is germanium impregnated on a lithium-mordenite solid catalyst material, where the pressure is 10-20 bar at 300- 350 degrees C. The catalyst is cesium impregnated on a silica support, where the pressure is 30-40 bar at 375-425 degrees C. The catalyst is sodium impregnated on a silica support, where the pressure is 30-40 bar at 225-275 degrees C. The catalyst is potassium impregnated on a magnesium oxide solid catalyst material, where the pressure is 30-40 bar at 275-325 degrees C. The catalyst is copper impregnated on a hydroxyapatite solid catalyst material, where the pressure is 30-40 bar at 225-275 degrees C. The catalyst comprises palladium, where the pressure is 5-15 bar at 300-350 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Anesthetic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vegetable oil is soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, castor oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, camelina oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil and/or grapeseed oil. The vegetable oil comprises at least 75 wt.% of a high oleic acid triglyceride composition. The ester based fluid comprises free fatty acids up to 1 wt.%. The TAP is 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol. The mono 12-30C carboxylic fatty acid is oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid or tall oil. The salt is formed from oleic acid and 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol. The stabilized biodiesel fluid composition has an OSI of greater than 20 hours at 110 degrees C as measured by AOCS 12b-92. EXAMPLE - Refined, bleached and deodorized high oleic soybean oil containing triglycerides of palmitic acid (6.5 wt.%), stearic acid (4.15 wt.%), oleic acid (73.9 wt.%), linoleic acid (8.77 wt.%), and linolenic acid (2.94 wt.%) was carefully dried by rotary evaporator at 90 degrees C for 4 hours with application of less than 100 mTorr vacuum. Then the oil was blended with 0.2 wt.% 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol to obtain the stabilized biodiesel fluid composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The water is removed from the water soluble phase then carbonyl compounds are regenerated by heating or reducing pressure from the water removed-water soluble phase. The alpha -hydroxysulfonic acid is in-situ generated; is produced from carbonyl compound or a precursor to a carbonyl compound present in the pyrolysis oil with sulfur dioxide or a precursor to sulfur dioxide and water. The contacting in second step is carried out at 0-150 degrees C, preferably 50-120 degrees C and a pressure of 0-13.8 barg, preferably 1-4 barg. The sugar is recovered from the acid-removed water soluble phase. The SO2 is removed from the water removed-water soluble phase. The ratio of pyrolysis oil to water is 1-1:5. Preferred Components: The carbonyl compound or a precursor to a carbonyl compound is at least in part derived from the pyrolysis oil. The alpha -hydroxysulfonic acid is present in an amount of 1-55 wt.% based on total solution in second step. The alpha -hydroxysulfonic acid is of formula R1R2C(OH)SO3H (I). The pyrolysis oil contains anhydrosugars.R1,R2=H or hydrocarbyl with up to 9 carbon atoms that optionally contain oxygen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The system further comprises aeration system (537) operably coupled to the biological tank and configured to maintain the oxygen content in the mixture at approximately 1-3 parts per million (ppm). The system comprises aeration system that is configured to homogenously mix the yeast and slurry having particle size of approximately not greater than 3 mm. The system further comprises pump fluidly coupled to the comminution device and the biological tank, where the pump is configured to transport the slurry from the comminution device to the biological tank. The system further comprises processing tank fluidly coupled to the comminution device, configured to receive the slurry from the comminution device, where the processing tank is configured to heat the slurry in order to pasteurize harmful microorganisms in the slurry, and to receive hydrolytic enzymes to hydrolyze particles of organic material in the slurry. Preferred Method: The method involves forming slurry of liquid and particles of organic material. The method further involves adding hydrolytic enzymes to the slurry to hydrolyze the particles of organic material, heating the slurry to pasteurize harmful microorganisms in the slurry, aerating the mixture, and monitoring the oxygen content of the mixture, where mixing the biochemical nutrients with a yeast, preferably Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves anabolizing the biochemical nutrients to form a biomass, and mixture of yeast and biochemical nutrients is maintained in aerobic conditions for approximately 1-14 days. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The hydroprocessing reactor comprises a graded bed with high void and high macro-porosity media. The graded bed comprises a catalyst comprising cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, tungsten, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-tungsten or cobalt-molybdenum. The hydroprocessing reactor performs at least some hydrodeoxygenation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the bio-oil feed supplied to the hydroprocessing reactor is substantially reduced. The pressure drop is periodically reduced: after processing 100-10000 reactor volumes of bio-oil; after increasing the rate of pressure drop to 0.1 psi/hour; and after 2 days to 12 months either by the start of hydroprocessing or the last reduction of pressure drop. The hydrocarbon diluent is supplied at 400-800 degrees F and has a boiling point of 300-650 degrees F. The step of reducing the pressure drop does not interrupt the production of the hydroprocessing product. Preferred Components: The mass flux is 1000-10000, preferably 2000 lb/hour/ft2 lb/hr/ft2. The hydrocarbon diluent comprises the hydroprocessing product of the hydroprocessing reactor. The volumetric ratio of the hydrocarbon diluent to bio-oil is 10:1 or 15:1. The bio-oil comprises a lipid, a carboxylic acid, a plant oil, animal fat, algal oil, a distillate from the fermentation of sugars, or a liquid fraction derived from the fast pyrolysis of biomass, where the plant oil and/or animal fat contain 0.1-30000 weight parts per million of nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The liquid fraction is derived from ground wood and/or ground switch grass. The reactor feed further comprises hydrogen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The refrigerant composition is a zoetrope comprising a nominal composition of 58 wt.% pentafluoroethane, 39.3 wt.% 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 2.7 wt.% isobutane. The refrigerant composition further comprises a mineral oil lubricant. EXAMPLE - Typical refrigerant composition comprised of: 58 wt.% pentafluoroethane; 39.3 wt.% 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane; and 2.7 wt.% isobutene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - The catalytic synthesis gas conversion apparatus comprises at least one Fischer-Tropsch reactor. The Fischer-Tropsch reactor contains an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, and where the spent catalyst/conversion product comprises spent iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons. The catalytic synthesis gas conversion apparatus comprises an alcohol synthesis reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: selecting the particulate material consisting of wood, paper, plastic, coal fines, biomass, low moisture bituminous coal fines, high moisture bituminous coal fines, sub-bituminous coal fines, lignite, anthracite coal fines, wheat straw, corn stover, switch grass, Miscanthus, hemp, willow, sorghum, sugar cane, bamboo, poplar, oak, wood chips, saw dust, wood laminates, municipal solid waste, yard clippings, or leaves; selecting the binder consisting of starch, wheat starch, corn starch, unmodified wheat starch, unmodified corn starch, glycerol, maleic anhydride, anhydrides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetates, polyols, polysaccharides, or chemically-similar water-soluble polymers; providing the precursor material with a moisture content of 0-45 wt.%, preferably 5-25 wt.% prior to activating by microwave radiation; and bringing the precursor material to a temperature of 100-160 degrees C, preferably 100-125 degrees C during irradiating to activate the binder and form the agglomerated product. The mixing step includes mixing 0-99.5 wt.% of coal fines, 0-99.5 wt.% of biomass and 0.5-10 wt.% of binder. The method further comprises forming the fuel product into a briquette, a puck and a spherically-shaped pellet, extruding the fuel product into an extrudate, and compressing the fuel product into an agglomerated mass. Preferred Components: The binder of polyvinyl alcohol is in combination with a second binder material consisting of starch, corn starch, wheat starch, unmodified corn starch, unmodified wheat starch, pregelatinized corn starch, or pregelatinized wheat starch. The weight ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to second binder material is 1-0.1:1-10, preferably 1-1:1-4. The binder of glycerol is in combination with the second binder material consisting of maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, or other anhydrides. The weight ratio of glycerol to second binder material is 2-1:1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves passing carbon-containing fuel into the one or more fuel cell anodes, where the carbon-containing fuel is reformed in at least one reforming stage internal to an assembly comprising the at least one reforming stage and the fuel cell array. Preferred Components: The hydrogen content of the anode exhaust stream is at least 10 vol.% or 20 vol.%. The cathode exhaust has carbon dioxide content of 2 vol.% or less, preferably 1.5 vol.%. The hydrogen from the recycled at least a portion of the shifted carbon-containing-depleted anode exhaust stream comprises at least 5 vol.% of an anode input stream. The carbon-containing fuel is passed into the one or more fuel cell anodes without passing the carbon-containing fuel into a reforming stage before entering the one or more fuel cell anodes, where the carbon-containing fuel comprises methane. The at least a portion of the shifted carbon dioxide-depleted anode exhaust stream is recycled to the one or more anodes without recycling portion of the anode exhaust stream, directly or indirectly, to the one or more cathodes. The captured output stream comprises at least 4 vol.% or 8 vol.% carbon dioxide. The fuel utilization of the one or more fuel cell anodes is at least 40%. CO2 content of a cathode exhaust is about 1.5 vol.% or less. The anode exhaust stream is passed through water gas shift reaction stage prior to the separating of carbon dioxide from the anode exhaust stream in one or more separation stages.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode fuel stream comprises at least 10 vol.% inert compounds, and/or at least 10 vol.% CO2. The H2-containing stream contains at least 90% H2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: recycling an anode-recycle portion of the anode exhaust stream to at least one fuel cell anode; and exposing the anode exhaust stream to a water gas shift catalyst prior to the separating at least a portion of the anode exhaust stream to form the recycled anode exhaust fuel stream, where a hydrogen content of the shifted anode exhaust stream is greater than a hydrogen content of the anode exhaust stream prior to the exposure. Preferred Components: The low energy content fuel stream comprises at least 35 vol.% of the inert gasses. The inert gases in the low energy content fuel stream are carbon dioxide, and/or nitrogen. In the method: a fuel utilization of the anode of the molten carbonate fuel cell is less than or equal to 65%, preferably 30-50%; and a cathode exhaust stream has a carbon dioxide content of less than or equal to 2 vol.%. The reformable fuel comprises methane. The cathode inlet stream comprises at least a portion of the combustion exhaust. The combustion exhaust comprises less than or equal to 10 vol.% of carbon dioxide, and the combustion exhaust optionally comprises at least 4 vol.% of carbon dioxide. The anode exhaust stream comprises at least 5 vol.% of hydrogen. The recycled anode exhaust fuel stream is combined with the low energy content fuel stream prior to passing the recycled anode exhaust fuel stream into the combustion zone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The temperature of the reaction mixture is maintained at 100-200 degrees C for 10 minutes-2 hours. The liquid content of the reaction mixture is increased by adding steam, water, ammonia solution or their combinations. The ammonia is chosen from ammonia solution, anhydrous ammonia, ammonia vapor and their mixtures. The ammonia comprises recycled ammonia. The cellulosic biomass comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The cellulosic biomass is chosen from corn stover, corn cob, corn grain fiber, grasses, beet pulp, wheat straw, wheat chaff, oat straw, barley straw, barley hulls, hay, rice straw, rice hulls, switchgrass, Miscanthus, cord grass, reed canary grass, waste paper, sugar cane bagasse, Sorghum bagasse, Sorghum stover, soybean stover, components obtained from milling of grains, trees, branches, roots, leaves, wood chips, sawdust, palm waste, shrubs and bushes, vegetables, fruits, flowers and animal manure. The fermentable sugars provide a carbohydrate source for a biocatalyst for fermentation process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particles comprise calcium carbonate, precipitated calcium carbonate or kaolin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stream of cellulosic fines or the mixed stream is from a paper recycling facility. The surfactant comprises polysorbate, preferably polysorbate 80. The polysaccharide degradative enzyme or the hydrolytic enzyme comprises at least one of a cellulase or a hemicullulase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The metal cation comprises at least one of iron and cobalt. The metal cation comprises ferrous cation. The pH of the fermentation broth is maintained at 4-5.5. At least one metal cation is introduced into the fermentation broth at a rate sufficient to maintain a substantially constant concentration of dissolved metal cation in the fermentation broth. The concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the gas substrate passed to the fermentation broth is determined and the rate of addition of the metal cation is adjusted in response to determined concentration of the hydrogen cyanide in the gas substrate to provide sufficient metal cation to complex cyanide anion. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In deactivating organisms used in fermenting the biomass to produce one or more bioproducts, effecting a positive six-log kill of the organisms in the distillation unit includes heating the organisms in the distillation unit to a temperature of at least about 70 degrees C or more. Effecting a positive six-log kill of the organisms in the distillation unit further includes heating the organisms in the distillation unit to a temperature of at least about 70 degrees C or more for at least about 1 minute or more. The organisms are genetically modified organisms configured to ferment the biomass slurry in the fermentation chamber to produce the one or more bioproducts. The method further comprises recovering the deactivated organisms from the distillation unit. Conveying the organisms from a fermentation chamber to a distillation unit includes pumping the organisms from the fermentation chamber to the distillation unit; and conveying the organisms from the fermentation chamber to the distillation unit together with the fermentation co-products. The method also comprises fermenting the biomass in the fermentation chamber. The bioproducts include ethanol, and where fermenting the biomass in the fermentation chamber includes fermenting the biomass in the fermentation chamber to produce the ethanol. The desired bioproduct includes ethanol, and where the distillation unit is configured to separate the ethanol from the fermented biomass. Preferred System: In the system, the chamber is configured to support simultaneous saccharification and fermentation operations. The system further comprises a pump configured to move the fermented biomass, including the genetically modified organisms, from the chamber to the distillation unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The recombinant endolysin, the recombinant yeast host cell or the recombinant yeast extract is introduced into the vessel early during ethanol production (when the ethanol concentration is low), or later during ethanol production (when the ethanol concentration has become higher) or at several times during ethanol production. Preferred Components: The targeted Gram positive bacterial species comprises Lactobacillus sp., Staphyloccocus sp., Streptococcus sp., Weissella sp., Leuconostoc sp., Propionibacterium sp. or Clostridium sp.. The recombinant bacteriophage lytic endolysin is lysin (Lys)-A, LysA2, LysgaY, lambda Sa2 or truncated lambda Sa2 endolysin. The ethanol is fuel ethanol. The vessel is a fermentation tank or a yeast propagation tank, where the recombinant endolysin, the recombinant yeast host cell or the recombinant yeast extract is introduced in the fermentation tank or the yeast propagation tank. The fermentation mixture is derived from a feedstock consisting essentially of corn, wheat, triticale, barley, cassava, rye, graded starch stream rendered from the feedstocks, sugar cane, sugar beet, molasses, rice straw, potato waste, wood waste, switch grass, pine, municipal waste, food waste, or alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage industry waste. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The microorganism is yeast, a prokaryote or is derived from an Escherichia coli microorganism. The E. coli is engineered to express a phosphoketolase which is Fpk, Xpk or a bifunctional Fpk/Xpk enzyme. The microorganism is engineered to heterologously express at least one of the enzymes which include: (a1) a phosphoketolase; (b1) a transaldolase; (c1) transketolase; (d1) ribose-5-phosphate isomerase; (e1) ribulose-5-phosphate epimerase; (f1) methanol dehydrogenase; (g1) hexulose-6-phosphate synthase; (h1) hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase; (i1) dihydroxyacetone synthase; or (j1) fructose-6-phosphate aldolase. The microorganism is further engineered to express transacetylase or phosphotransacetylase, and is engineered to express a phosphoketolase derived from Bifidobacterium adolescentis. The phosphoketolase comprises a sequence that is at least 49% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2 (comprising a fully defined sequence of 825 amino acids as given in the specification) and has phosphoketolase activity. The microorganism is engineered to express or over express: a hexulose-6-phosphate synthase; a hexulose-6-phosphate isomerase; a dihydroxyacetone synthase; and a fructose-6-phosphate aldolase. The recombinant microorganism (M1) is engineered to heterologously express at least one of the enzymes which include: (a1)-(j1) as above per se; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; alcohol dehydrogenase; phosphotransacetylase; isocitrate dehydrogenase; citrate synthase; and aconitase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The molten metal bath comprises iron. The biogas from the mesophilic anaerobic digester has an average composition of 65% methane, 28% carbon dioxide, 1% nitrogen, 5% water vapor, 1% oxygen, and trace elements including hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reformable hydrogen content of the reformable fuel introduced into the anode and/or the internal reforming element is at least 75% greater than an amount of hydrogen oxidized in the anode to generate electricity. In the method: less than 10 vol.% of hydrogen produced in the anode in a single pass is directly or indirectly recycled to the anode or the cathode; less than 10 vol.% of the syngas containing stream is directly or indirectly recycled to the anode or the cathode; less than 10 vol.% of the anode exhaust is directly or indirectly recycled to the anode or the cathode; and no portion of the anode exhaust is directly or indirectly recycled to the anode and/or cathode. The method further comprises separating at least one of carbon dioxide and water from the anode exhaust, hydrogen containing stream and/or syngas containing stream. The molten carbonate fuel cell is operated at a voltage of less than or equal to 0.67 Volts. Preferred Components: The cathode inlet stream comprises less than or equal to 20 vol.% of carbon dioxide. The anode fuel stream comprises at least 10 vol.% inert compounds and/or at least 10 vol.% carbon dioxide. The syngas containing stream has a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon dioxide of 3:1-1:1, preferably 2.5:1-1.5:1. The anode exhaust has a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon dioxide is 1.5:1-10:1, preferably at least 3:1. The hydrogen containing stream contains at least 90 vol.% of hydrogen. The cathode inlet stream comprises a combustion exhaust stream from a combustion powered generator. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: fermenting the hydrolyzate into a product including ethanol, organic acids and/or organism metabolites; using the hydrolyzate as a carbon source and growing biomass; concentrating the hydrolyzate; and removing sugars from the hydrolyzate. The hydrothermally treated stillage is: produced by heating stillage to a temperature of 220-350 degrees F for 3-90 minutes; pressurized at or above the saturation pressure of the stillage; and cooled below 212 degrees F after the heating step. In the method, solids are removed from the hydrothermally treated stillage before adding to the cellulosic material. The solids are removed by a method including decanting centrifuge, disc stack centrifuge, filtration, membrane filtration, dissolved air flotation and/or hydrocyclone. The cellulosic material is pretreated to disrupt the matrix of lignin, cellulosic and hemi-cellulosic material prior to the treating step. The pretreatment method is steam explosion, liquid hot water, supercritical water, ammonia fiber expansion, ionic liquid fractionation, dilute acid treatment, alkaline peroxide treatment, wet air oxidation and low temperature steep delignification. The hydrolyzate is co-fermented with sugars produced from a sugar source. The ethanol or other products produced from the hydrolyzate are added to ethanol or other products produced from other sugar fermentation. The hydrolyzing step, the fermenting step and the growing step occur simultaneously. The hydrolyzate is concentrated by a method including evaporation, filtration, membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, and precipitation. The removing sugars step occurs simultaneously with the treating step. Preferred Components: The hydrothermally treated stillage is whole stillage, thick stillage or thin stillage. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst further comprises metal selected from Group IVB, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB, Group IB and Lanthanides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Feedstock: The aqueous feedstock (F1) is prepared by biomass deconstruction method selected from water hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, organosolv pulping, pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and/or catalytic biomass deconstruction. The aqueous feedstock (F1) is further prepared by treatment method selected from physical separation, chemical separation, neutralization and/or catalytic reaction. The aqueous feedstock (F1) comprises greater than or equal to 30 wt.% (preferably greater than or equal to 40 wt.%, more preferably greater than or equal to 50 wt.%) of the first oxygenated hydrocarbons and 5-35 wt.% of the second oxygenated hydrocarbons. The second oxygenated hydrocarbons comprise 5-15 wt.% of furfurals. The ash comprises less than or equal to 50 ppm of sulfur and less than or equal to 20 ppm of phosphorus. The aqueous feedstock (F1) further comprises extractives, lignin, lignin derivatives and/or solids. Preferred Method: The method further involves reacting a portion of the reaction product with condensation catalyst at condensation temperature and condensation pressure to produce 4C+ compounds. Preferred Compounds: The 4C+ compounds selected from 4C+ alcohol, 4C+ ketone, 4C+ alkane, 4C+ alkene, 5C+ cycloalkane, 5C+ cycloalkene, aryl and fused aryl. The 4C+ compounds are distilled to provide composition selected from aromatic fraction, gasoline fraction, kerosene fraction and diesel fraction. The 4C+ compounds comprise at least one aryl selected from benzene, toluene, xylene, para-xylene, meta-xylene and ortho-xylene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Biomolecule: The biomass of the plant after true leaf development is increased. The exogenous gene promotes production of a protein having double-stranded DNA breakage activity in plant cells. The exogenous gene is a gene coding for a protein having double-stranded DNA breakage activity. The exogenous gene is a gene coding for endonuclease. The exogenous gene has 95% or more identity with the 263 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification, and codes for a protein having double-stranded DNA breakage activity. The exogenous gene is provided so as to be operable by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter or Arabidopsis thaliana SIG2 promoter. The expressed amount of a RAD51 ortholog gene in the plant cells is less than two times the expressed amount in the plant cells of host. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is oleaginous bacteria, yeast, or microalgae. The biomass is obtained from heterotrophic oleaginous microalgae. The microalgal biomass is obtained from Parachlorella, Prototheca, or Chlorella (preferably Prototheca moriformis. The oleaginous microalgae have fatty acid profile of at least 60 (preferably 80-85)% C18:1; or at least 50% combined total amount of C10, C12, and C14; or at least 70% combined total amount of C16:0 and C18:1. The oleaginous microalgae have fatty acid profile of less than 1% or 0.1% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The oleaginous microalgae comprises up to 1 to 15 wt.% of the composite (C1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cellulosic filler is selected from wood fiber, wood flour, paper, coconut flour, coffee flour, rice hull, bamboo, and soy hull. The biomass is whole cell, cracked cell, chemically modified, acylated or acetylated. The biomass has average particle size of 0.1-500 (preferably 350) microns. The oleaginous microbial biomass is solvent extracted, delipidated biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin is selected from polyolefin (preferably polyethylene or polypropylene), polyvinyl chloride, polylactic acid, and polymethyl methacrylate resin. The coupling agent is silane or maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin. EXAMPLE - A wood plastic composite comprising 46 wt.% polypropylene, 50 wt.% wood flour and 4 wt.% zinc stearate was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst is not contacted with a passivator during the step of contacting. The catalyst further contains a base metal promoter. The base metal promoter is nickel. A majority of the group VIII metal is contained on the molecular sieve and the catalyst is mixed with a matrix material. Preferred Components: The molecular sieve has a pore size of 3 to 10 Angstrom . The metal silicate has a molar framework formula: (XaX'1-a)2O3:(y)Y'O2. The metal silicate is ZSM-5, ZSM-12, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-48, ZSM-57, zeolite beta, MCM-22, faujasite, mordenite or ferrierite. The catalyst further contains 0.01-10 wt.% of a group VIII metal (preferably platinum). The paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstream comprises nC8+ hydrocarbons; and is obtained from the deoxygenation of a non-petroleum feedstock originating from plants and/or animals. The non-petroleum feedstock comprises glycerides and free fatty acids; or palm oil. The molecular sieve in the as-synthesized form has a formula on an anhydrous basis as follows: (0.05-1.0)M'2O:(0-75)R:Z'2O3:(y)Y'O2.X=iron;X'=aluminum;a=at least 0.5, preferably at least 0.75, especially more than 0.90;Y'=silicon;y=20-300;M'=an alkali metal cation;R=a specific organic directing agent;Z'=a mixture of X and X'. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The stabilized aminophenolic composition further comprises at least one additive comprising antioxidant, pour point depressant or colorant. Preferred Components: The TDAP is 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol. The ester based fluid: is fluids of vegetable oil, algae oil, animal fat, and/or tall oil fatty acid esters; and comprises free fatty acids up to 1 wt.%. The vegetable oil: is soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, castor oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, Camelina oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, and/or grapeseed oil; and comprises at least 75 wt.% of a high oleic acid triglyceride composition. The mono 12-30C carboxylic fatty acid is oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid or tall oil. The salt is formed from oleic acid and 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl)phenol. EXAMPLE - Blend of fluid composition was prepared by mixing 78.08% commodity soybean oil, 19.52% Luminol (RTM: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione), a mixture of antioxidants (comprised of 0.3% butylated hydroxytoluene, 0.9% Irganox 259 (RTM: 1,6-Hexamethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)) and 0.2% 2,4, 6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol), and 1% Viscoplex 10-310 (RTM: Polyalkyl methacrylate in a biodegradable carrier oil).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen reducing bacteria comprises Campylobacter sp., Nitrobacter sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Thiomicrospira sp., Sulfurospirillum sp., Thauera sp., Paracoccus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Rhodobacter sp., Desulfovibrio sp., Nitrobacter vulgaris, Nitrosomonas europea, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paracoccus denitrificans, Sulfurospirillum deleyianum, and Rhodobacter sphaeroides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrate comprises potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and/or ammonium nitrate. The nitrite is potassium nitrite or sodium nitrite. The molybdate salt comprises sodium molybdate, and/or lithium molybdate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The log is sprayed with the material, and is soaked in a liquid containing the material. Oil pellets containing the material are placed inside the log prior to compaction of the wood fibers and bio waxes. The material includes scent of Vanilla, caramel, cranberry, green apple, summer breeze, wild cherry, buttered pancakes, cupcakes, watermelon or winter mist.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The catalyst metal is treated with a dose of sulfur during treatment such that catalyst performance is stabilized without negatively impacting activity of the catalyst metal. The step of heating the catalyst metal comprises heating the catalyst metal to a temperature of 350-1200 degrees C. The method further comprises: reforming hydrocarbons via a reformer with the catalyst metal to produce hydrogen; and supplying the hydrogen to the fuel side of a solid oxide fuel cell stack. The step of reforming the hydrocarbons comprises steam reforming. The sulfur compound is periodically added to a feed stream of the reformer while reforming the hydrocarbons. The frequency, amount and duration of the periodic addition of the sulfur compounds are selected such that catalyst performance is stabilized without negatively impacting activity of the catalyst metal. The catalyst metal is supported by a catalyst carrier. Preferred Components: The catalyst metal comprises one or more of nickel, cobalt, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, platinum and cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The article further comprises a reformer for reforming hydrocarbons. The reformer comprises a steam reformer. The article further comprises a solid oxide fuel cell stack, where the hydrogen produced by the reformer is supplied to the fuel side of the solid oxide fuel cell stack.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding lanthanide ion in the reaction solution. Preferred Components: The reaction liquid has a neutral pH using strong acid. ACTIVITY - Osteopathic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Filter carrier comprises filter material, microbial material, or aquatic plant material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological material is immobilized enzyme and microbial agent. The immobilized enzyme is immobilized lipase, protease and/or amylase. The microbial agent is microzyme, Lactobacillus and nitrobacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is cellulose-, starch-, protein- and oil-degrading microorganisms including fungi such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 15:15:20:20:11:9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further comprises separating oil-water liquid, after the step of separating solid and liquid wastes. The biological treatment step comprises adding microorganism to the solid waste, periodically detecting the weight of the solid waste and adjusting the volume of air being introduced into a processing compartment, and further comprises periodically detecting and adjusting the temperature of the solid waste and then stirring. The method comprises introducing air into the processing compartment in a volume of 400 m3/hour, adjusting the temperature to 60 degrees C, stirring for 0-8 hours and stopping stirring when the ratio reaches 1:1, introducing air into the processing compartment in a volume of 900 m3/hour, adjusting the temperature to 60 degrees C, stirring for 8-16 hours and stopping stirring when the ratio reaches 2:1, and introducing air into the processing compartment in a volume of 300 m3/hour, adjusting the temperature to 60 degrees C, stirring for 16-24 hours, and stopping stirring when the ratio reaches 4:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis. The actinomycete is Streptomyces. The yeast is Candida tropicalis, Candida lipolytica or Beer yeast. The lactic acid bacterium is lactic acid-fermenting bacteria or Pediococcus. The Trichoderma is Trichoderma viride or Trichoderma reesei. The photosynthetic bacteria is Pseudomonas or Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The phosphate solubilizing bacteria is Bacillus cereus or Bacillus megaterium. The silicate bacterium is Bacillus mucilaginosus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nutrient comprises urea, calcium superphosphate, calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate, where the ratio between urea, calcium superphosphate, calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate is 2.5:1:1:2.5. The binder includes kaolin or bentonite. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is carried out in a Kirschner medium contained in a bottle. The strain is cultured in the Kirschner medium at 30-35 degrees C for 1-3 days. Preferred Components: The ratio between the pesticide, and the liquid microbial phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 0.2-1:100. The liquid microbial phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are described in CN102838416A. The Kirschner medium contains 0.1-0.5 pts. wt. beef extract, 0.5-2 pts. wt. peptone, 0.3 pts. wt. sodium chloride, 0.001-0.003 pts. wt. manganese sulfate, 1.8-2.3 pts. wt. agar and balance amount of water, and the medium has a pH of 7-7.2. The seed culture medium contains 0.1-0.5 wt.% of starch, 0.3-1 wt.% of sucrose, 0.001-0.003 wt.% of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0.5 wt.% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2 wt.% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and balance amount of water. The seed culture medium has a pH of 7-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The animal is cow, sheep, horse, pig, rabbit, chicken, duck or goose. The industrial and agricultural wastes are wood chips, straw, soybean meal, vinegar, cassava residue, sugar, municipal and domestic garbage, kitchen garbage or river sludge. The fertilizer comprises 30-50 wt.% of pig, cattle, sheep, chicken manure, 40 wt.% wooden chips, 40 wt.% of humic acid, 10 wt.% of activated powder, 2 wt.% of biological soil insecticide, and 8 5-15 wt.% of magnetized water. The activated powder is a soil modifying agent. The biological soil pesticide is tobacco leaf powder or tobacco leaf extracting liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - The organic fertilizer comprises 40-60 pts. wt., preferably 45-55 pts. wt. tea saponin, 30-40 pts. wt., preferably 32-38 pts. wt. bagasse, 20-25 pts. wt., preferably 22-24 pts. wt. straw, 0.1-0.4 pts. wt., preferably 0.2-0.3 pts. wt. effective microorganism (EM)-inoculum, 0.5-2.5 pts. wt., preferably 1-2 pts. wt. strain regulator agent, 10-15 pts. wt., preferably 12-13 pts. wt. balancing agent, and 0.5-2.5 pts. wt., preferably 1-2 pts. wt. seaweed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain regulator is Bacillus subtilis, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, yeast, sulfate reducing bacteria, actinomycetes and/or Rhizopus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The balancing agent is a calcium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or plant ash. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The medicinal-fertilizer comprises 34.4-34.7 pts. wt., preferably 34.55 pts. wt. rape seed cake fertilizer, 25.6-25.9 pts. wt., preferably 25.75 pts. wt. potassium sulfate, 25.1-25.5 pts. wt., preferably 25.3 pts. wt. urea, 10.1-10.4 pts. wt., preferably 10.25 pts. wt. monoammonium phosphate, 0.55-0.7 pts. wt., preferably 0.62 pts. wt. propamocarb hydrochloride (72.2%), 0.56-0.59 pts. wt., preferably 0.57 pts. wt. methyl thiophanate (70%), 0.46-0.49 pts. wt., preferably 0.47 pts. wt. citric acid, 0.46-0.49 pts. wt., preferably 0.47 pts. wt. EDTA, 0.36-0.39 pts. wt., preferably 0.37 pts. wt. benomyl (50%), 0.16-0.19 pts. wt., preferably 0.17 pts. wt. gram bacteria (3%), and 0.06-0.09 pts. wt., preferably 0.07 pts. wt. brassinolide. The rape seed cake fertilizer has a grain diameter of 2-5 mm, organic matter content of 73.80%, nitrogen content of 4.60%, phosphorus content of 2.48% and potassium content of 1.40%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pit has a length of 8-10 m, a width of 2-3 m, and a depth of 2-3 m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer contains organic substances including nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium hydroxide, and dry substance including arsenic content of less than 30, mercury content of less than 5, lead content of less than 100, cadmium content of less than 3, and chromium content of less than 300. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The organic matter has a nitrogen content of 8-12%, a carbon content of 65-72%, a sugar content of 8-12%, a reducing sugar content of 5-9%, a nicotine content of 1-1.8% and a humic acid content of 7-12%. The Bacillus subtilis and the Bacillus licheniformis are uniformly mixed with each other.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The special fertilizer comprises 20 pts. wt. urea as nitrogen source, 10 pts. wt. diammonium phosphate as phosphate source, 25 pts. wt. shrimp shell powder, 10 pts. wt. chicken manure, 10 pts. wt. soybean meal, and 8 pts. wt. seaweed powder. Preferred Components: The moisture content of the chicken manure is 60-65%. The concentration of nitrogen in the urea is 44-46%, and the concentration of phosphate in the diammonium phosphate is 44-48%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises removing the component A before applying the component B, uniformly applying the component B with water at 35-40 degrees C for 25-40 minutes, and then uniformly applying the component A to fertilize the soil. Preferred Composition: The soil conditioner further comprises a component B consisting of 70-80 pts. wt. plant source organic fertilizer, 7.5-10 pts. wt. white sugar, 7.5-10 pts. wt. honey, and a powdery substance having Pseudomonas. A viable count of the powdery substance is 2-3 hundred million colony forming unit/g. Preferred Components: The mixed material comprises greater than or equal to 70 wt.% of material content having particle size of 2 mm. The weight ratio of component A and component B is 90-95:10-5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The composite absorbent agent is obtained by mixing starch, cellulose and crosslinked polyacrylic acid absorbent resin in the mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.8:2-4, granulating and drying. Preferred Components: The starch is chosen from cassava starch, corn starch, potato starch, and/or rice starch. The cellulose is powdered cellulose having average particle diameter of 50-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crude long-chain dicarboxylic acid is obtained from biological long-chain dicarboxylic acid fermentation broth extract. The main component of long-chain dicarboxylic acid is azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, heptadecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, and/or 9-octadecenedioic acid. Alkane is linear alkane or branched alkane, preferably octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane or heptadecane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Water is deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Oxiracetam crude product is dissolved in 2-3 times weight water. Preferred Compositions: Weight ratio anion exchange resin:oxiracetam crude product is 1/4-1/3. Amount of concentrated part residual solution is 1.6-2 times weight of oxiracetam crude product. Preferred Conditions: Addition temperature of anion resin or cation resin is 30-40 degrees C. Solution absorption time after adding anion resin or cation resin is 1-2 hours. Cooling crystallization temperature is - 5 to 0 degrees C. Crystallization heat preservation time is 2-4 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Anion exchange resin model is 717.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Enzyme compound contains cellulase:pectinase with weight of 2-4:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Hydrophilic solvent is methanol or ethanol. Acidic solution contains 37.5 mass% hydrochloric acid and 98 mass% sulfuric acid or formic acid. Alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, or sodium bicarbonate solution. Alcohol is 80-95 vol.% ethanol solution. Nanofiltration membrane is made of cellulose acetate (CA) membrane, cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane, or aromatic polyamide composite membrane. Preferred Conditions: Concentrating temperature before adjusting pH is 60-80 degrees C. Concentrating vacuum pressure before adjusting pH is - 0.06 to - 0.08 MPa. Concentrating temperature before drying is 70-80 degrees C. Concentrating vacuum pressure before drying is - 0.06 to - 0.08 MPa. Preferred Processes: Drying is performed by drying under vacuum state or spray drying.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ultrafiltration membrane is made of polycarbonate, polysulfone, or polyacrylonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The cyclization reaction is accomplished at 90-130 degrees C, preferably 110-130 degrees C for 10-20 hours, preferably 15-20 degrees C in an organic solvent. The organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, normal propyl alcohol, ethanediol, butanol, acetonitrile, toluene, 1,4-dioxane or N,N-dimethyl formamide. The cyclization reaction is performed in sealed reaction device, preferably stainless steel reaction kettle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali is also selected from sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide. The acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from dichloromethane, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, toluene or diethyl ether. The oxidizing agent is selected from m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, hydrogen peroxide, tert.-butyl hydroperoxide, peroxyacids, OXONE (RTM: active component potassium monopersulfate), sodium periodate or N-methyl morpholine oxide. The alkali is selected from triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine or 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the weight of pasty chlorophyll is 1-2 pts. wt., the mass fraction of chlorophyll in pasty chlorophyll is 10-15%, the water content is 20-25%, the adding amount of alcohol or ketone solvent is 2-6 times of weight of pasty chlorophyll, the adding amount of liquid alkali is 0.3-0.8 times of weight of pasty chlorophyll, alcohol or ketone solvent is methanol, ethanol or acetone. In the step (i), the thermal insulating temperature is 60 degrees C, and saponification reaction is carried out for 1 hour. In the step (ii), the non-polar solvent is gasoline, and the extraction washing is performed for 3 times. In the step (iii), the weight of copper salt in pasty chlorophyll is 0.1 pts. wt., the copper salt is copper chloride. In the step (iii), thermal insulating at 30-50 degrees C, and coppering for 3 hours. In the step (iv), the supercritical carbon dioxide pressure is 15-35 MPa, temperature is 35-65 degrees C and purifying for 2 hours to remove impurities. In the step (v), the adding amount of sodium hydroxide in pasty chlorophyll is 0.01 times, the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide is more than 95%. The method comprises (i) adding 50 g pasty chlorophyll in 100-300 g alcohol or ketone solvent and dissolving, and then adding 15-40 g liquid alkali, carrying out saponification reaction at 60 degrees C for 1 hour, (ii) subjecting the saponified chlorophyll for extraction washing with gasoline for 3 times, (iii) adding 5 g copper chloride in washed chlorophyll and thermal insulating at 30-50 degrees C and coppering for 3 hours, (iv) using supercritical carbon dioxide process for purifying at pressure of 15-35 MPa, and temperature of 35-65 degrees C condition to remove impurities for 2 hours, and (v) adding 0.5 g sodium hydroxide in copper chlorophyll, and reacting to obtain finished product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises (1) condensing N-terminal protected amino acid (Tyr-OH) with 0.5-1 mmole of Leu-Wang resin, using coupling agent and activating agent, (2) removing the reaction mixture and washing the solid phase with ethyl acetate, then (3) deprotecting using piperidine dimethylformamide solution, (4) removing the reaction liquid and washing the solid phase using ethyl acetate, (5) sequentially condensing remaining 18 bits of N-terminal protected amino acids according to the amino acid sequence of bivalirudin, (6) cutting bivalirudin peptide resin using lysis reagent, collecting lysis reagent and precipitating the crude peptide with diethyl ether and (7) purifying the crude peptide by reversed phase HPLC and drying. Preferred Components: The coupling agent is N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate or benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate. The activating agent is 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole or hydroxybenzotriazole. The amount of piperidine in dimethylformamide solution is 20 vol.%. The amount of the piperidine in dimethylformamide solution is 8-12 ml/g resin. The lysis reagent is trifluoroacetic acid, triisopropylsilane or a mixed solvent of water, which are present in a ratio of 95: 2.5: 2.5. The amount of the lysis reagent is 6-12 ml/g. The diethyl ether is present in an amount of 8-10 times of the volume of lysis reagent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The strain is grown at 10-60 degrees C, preferably 25-35 degrees C, and pH 6.5-9.5, preferably 6.7-7.3, for 3 days. Preferred Method: The step (b) involves mixing water samples, filling mixed water sample in flask, proportionally diluting the water sample at different concentrations, coating diluted solution on plate of nitrogen and phosphorus, incubating culture at 25-35 degrees C for 22-26 hours, and selecting bacterial colonies that survive under high concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen, from each plate. Preferred Medium: The gradient plate culture medium comprising phosphorus and nitrogen, comprises 4.72 g/l sodium succinate, 0.05 g/l sodium nitrite, 0.09 g/l monopotassium phosphate and 1 g/l magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, where pH of the culture medium is 7.2, and the culture medium is sterilized at 1x 105 Pa for 20 minutes. The slant medium comprises 10 g/l peptone, 5 g/l beef extract and 5 g/l sodium chloride, where pH of the slant culture medium is 7, and the slant culture medium is sterilized at 1x 105 Pa for 20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In step (a), sludge is added to basal medium, then fat-degrading bacteria is added and incubated at 35 degrees C to form as anaerobic fermentation bacteria. In step (c), waste oil and additive are mixed at 30-40 degrees C. The fermentation is batch fermentation, fed-batch fermentation or semi-continuous fermentation. Preferred Components: The basal medium comprises 0.1-1 g/l urea, 2-3 g/l magnesium chloride, 1-2 g/l monopotassium phosphate, 5-6 g/l dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g/l calcium chloride, 1-2 mg/l ferrous sulfate, and 2-20 g/l olive oil or rapeseed oil. The fat-degrading bacteria comprises acid producing Klebsiella oxytoca and Burkholderia cepacia in mass ratio of 1:1. The inorganic medium comprises quartz sand, glass beads and sand, each having particle size of 1-5 mm, in any combinations. The additive comprises 3-6 g/l zinc, 3-6 g/l manganese, 1-2 g/l cobalt, and 1-2 g/l nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The average diameter of the hydrogen storing granules is 50-80 mu m. The hydrogen storing granules are carbon nanotube, glass nanosphere, nanoceramic, nanozeolite, nanofiber or their mixture. The hydrogen storage granule has wall thickness of 1-30 mu m. The pore size in the porous wall is 50-1000 Angstrom . The filter is made of sintered metal powder, where the metal is palladium. The filter is a stainless steel micro net. The thickness of the copper-based alloy liner is 2-6 mm and carbon fiber reinforced layer is 0.5-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The average particle diameter of hydrogen storage granules is preferably 50-80 microns. The hydrogen-absorbing particles are carbon nanotubes, nano glass spheres, nano-ceramics, nano-zeolite or nanofiber, and have wall thickness of 1-30 microns. The pore size of the porous wall is 50-1000 Angstrom .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-absorbing particles are carbon nanotubes, glass nanospheres, nano-ceramics, nano-zeolite and/or nano-fibers. The filter comprises metal palladium. The iron-based porous metal material contains 15-20 wt.% chromium, 10-15 wt.% nickel and remainder of iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-absorbing particles are carbon nanotubes, glass nanospheres, nano-ceramics, nano-zeolite and/or nano-fibers. The filter comprises metal palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-absorbing particles comprise carbon nanotubes, nano-glass balls, nano-ceramic, nano-zeolite and/or nanofiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The filter comprises sintered metal powder, stainless steel and metallic palladium. The alloy comprises 3.5-5.6 %mass magnesium, 0-3 %mass tantalum and niobium, 0.1-0.5 %mass rare-earth element, 0.30 %mass or less zirconium, 0.40 %mass or less silicon, 0.40 %mass or less zinc, 0.40 %mass or less copper, 0.4 %mass chromium, 0.80 %mass or less manganese, 0.80 %mass or less iron and remainder of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The filter is made of metal palladium. The iron-based alloy contains a mass percent of a chemical element, chromium, 25-30 parts of nickel, 3-4 parts of manganese, 2-3 parts of silicon, 0.5-1.5 parts of carbon, 0.1-0.3 parts of nitrogen and rest part of iron material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The aluminum alloy contains magnesium (Mg) of about 3.5 to 5.6 parts, tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb) of about 0 to 3.0 parts, rhenium (Re) of about 0.1 to 0.5 parts, zirconium (Zr) of about 0.30 parts, silicon (Si) of about less than 0.40 parts, zinc (Zn) of about greater than 0.40 parts, copper (Cu) of about less than or equal 0.40 parts, chromium (Cr) of about less than 0.4 parts, manganese (Mn) of about less than or equal to 0.80 parts, iron (Fe) of about less than or equal to 0.80 parts and aluminum (Al).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The filter is provided with a stainless steel micro net and made of metal palladium. The hydrogen storage device is linked with a nanometer carbon tube that is made of nano glass ball, nano ceramic, zeolite, nano-fiber or mixture of the material. The iron-based alloy contains a mass percent of a chemical element, chromium, 25-30 parts of nickel, 3-4 parts of manganese, 2-3 parts of silicon, 0.5-1.5 parts of carbon, 0.1-0.3 parts of nitrogen and rest of the material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-absorbing particles comprise carbon nanotubes, nano-glass balls, nano-ceramic, nano-zeolite and/or nanofibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The filter comprises sintered metal powder, stainless steel and metallic palladium. The copper-based alloy comprises 10-20 %mass aluminum, 0.5-1.5 %mass beryllium, and remainder of trace elements and copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first time of ablation is 1-4 hours (preferably 2 hours); heating rate of first ablation time is 5 degrees C/minute; and temperature of first ablation time is 400-430 degrees C; and/or the second time of ablation is 1-4 hours (preferably 2 hours); heating rate of second ablation time is 5 degrees C/minute; and temperature of second ablation time is 600 degrees C. Preferred Components: The nickel salt is nickel nitrate. The cobalt salt is cobalt nitrate. The rare earth element salt is lanthanum nitrate. The hydrotalcite is magnesium content of 6-10 mol.%, and aluminum content of 10-15 mol.% hydrotalcite. The binder is at least one kaolin, montmorillonite, diatomite, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide or silicon aluminum sol. The pore-forming agent is at least one sesbania powder, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and carbon black.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer comprises 50 pts. wt. human and animal excreta, 40 pts. wt. saw wood or rice husk powder, 10 pts. wt. dried vegetables or tea leaves, 3 pts. wt. bog soil, and 15 pts. wt. potassium sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises the fermentation liquid and the paste in a ratio of 1:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The microbial fertilizer comprises 300 pts. wt. sawdust, 137 pts. wt. monoammonium phosphate, 158 pts. wt. potassium sulfate, 65 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 279 pts. wt. urea, 56 pts. wt. bentonite, 56 pts. wt. biological agent, and 5 pts. wt. trace elements. The trace element comprises 3.6 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 2.3 pts. wt. borax, 0.14 pts. wt. manganese sulfate, 0.2 pts. wt. copper sulfate, 0.04 pts. wt. magnesium sulfate, 0.06 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, 0.4 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 0.05 pts. wt. potassium iodide, 0.04 pts. wt. sodium sulfate, 2.5 pts. wt. potassium sulfate, and 3 pts. wt. silicon powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bentonite absorbent has water content of less than 5%, granularity of 100-400 meshes, and montmorillonite content of greater than 70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Inorganic acid ester includes carbonate, nitrate and/or silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Ether compound is of formula: R1-O-R2 (I). Ester compound is 1-30C organic acid ester and/or inorganic acid ester. Organic acid ester includes ethyl acetate. Ketone compound is of formula: R1-CO-R2 (II). Acetal compound has total carbon number of 3-30, and includes acetal and/or formaldehyde. The addition amount of acetal is 0-100%.R1,R2=1-15C organic functional group chosen from hydrocarbyl, ether, ester and ketone.Ether compound (I) is preferably monobutyl ether. Ketone compound (II) is preferably acetone. Additive preferably includes benzotriazole, amine substance and organometal compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Additive includes natural additive for preventing degradation and corrosion of fuel, and rubber additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The demulsifier is 4-6C linear alcohol, preferably n-butanol. The solubilizing agent is xylene, chlorobenzene and/or ethylbenzene. The stabilizer is isobutylamine and/or dicyclohexylamine nitrite. The rubber anti-swelling agent is glycerol triacetate. The calorific value agent is 1,2-dibromoethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The catalyst having serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity is derived from processed material or microorganism chosen from Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, thermophilic-Bacillus, and Escherichia coli. The catalyst having D-threonine aldolase activity is derived from processed material or microorganism chosen from Arthrobacter, Xanthomonas and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. The catalyst having amino acid racemase activity is derived from processed material or microorganism chosen from Pseudomonas putida, thermophilic Bacillus and P.aeruginosa. The coenzyme is one or more of pyridoxal phosphate and tetrahydrofolic acid. The enzyme protective agent is chosen from mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol and sodium bisulfite. The enzyme activator is divalent metal ion. Preferred Method: The method involves using cofactor to facilitate the enzymatic synthesis, where the cofactor is enzyme activator and enzyme protecting agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fourth step is carried out by culturing for 30-45 days at 20-25 degrees C and culturing at 22-32 degrees C when mycelium grows.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The sugarcane straw fiber length is 5-6 cm. The culture materials include 73% sugarcane straw fiber, 18% rice bran, 3.5% lime, 5% corn flour, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, and pH of 5.4-6. Preferred Method: The method includes paving the pre-wet culture raw materials to a height of 1.8 m, and width of 1.8-2.0 m. The step (d) includes culturing the mushroom at 20-25 degrees C for 30-45 days; and growing the primordium at 22-32 degrees C. The step (e) includes under adequate ventilation, spraying heavy water on mushrooms with long hyphae in timely manner, and when the Coprinus comatus primordia is formed, once again spraying heavy water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The culture material for the P.eryngii is prepared by mixing raw materials comprising wooden meal, corncob, bagasse, rice bran, cottonseed hulls, alcohol, wheat bran and corn flour and fermenting obtained mixture. Preferred Method: The P.eryngii is cultured at 22-25 degrees C for 35-40 days, where concentration carbon dioxide should not exceed 2200 mg/l during the culturing period. The P.eryngii has growth period of 18-20 days. The P.eryngii is grown at 12-18 degrees C, 75-85% humidity and 4000-5000 mg/l carbon dioxide concentration. The straw mushroom has growth period of 30-35 days. The straw mushroom is grown at 28-32 degrees C and 65-95% humidity. The A.bisporus has growth period of 40-45 days. The A.bisporus is grown at 4-32 degrees C and 80-90% humidity. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The yellow silk algae is same shape yellow silk algae (Tribonema aequale), normal yellow silk algae (Tribonema vulgare), small yellow silk algae (Tribonema minus), silk yellow silk algae (Tribonema ulotrichoides) and/or bladder yellow silk algae (Tribonema utriculosum).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The nutrition limitation expanded culture device has 0.15-0.75 g/l, 0.75-1.5 g/l or 1.5-15 g/l of sodium nitrate. The illumination intensity is 50-1000 mu mole/m2/second in indoor or 50-2000 mu mole/m2/second in outdoor. The culture device is open type culture device or enclosed culture device, capable of accommodating yellow silk growth of algae in liquid form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon dioxide has concentration of 1-15%. The bio-oil contains 40-90 wt.% of triglyceride and 10-60 wt.% of total polar lipids. The biological oil has fatty acid composition including 65-85 wt.% of 16C fatty acid content, and 6-15 wt.% of multi unsaturated fatty acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The dosage form of agrochemical preparation is wettable powder, water dispersible granule, suspension agent, microemulsion, oil agent, suspending agent, miscible oil, water dispersible granule, water emulsion or oil suspension agent. In the agrochemical preparation, the active component accounts for 1-90%. The auxiliary material is wetting agent, dispersant, spreader, stabilizer, penetrating agent, thickening agent, anti-freezing agent, de-foaming agent, filler, and solvent, where the wetting agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, lignin sulfonate, alkyl phenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol sulfate, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, or nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; the dispersant is lignin sulfonate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkyl ethyl sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, or polycarboxylate; the stabilizer is epoxidized vegetable oil; the spreader is polyethylene alcohol, alkyl phenyl ether sodium sulfonate, polysiloxane, or triethanolamine oleate; the solvent is soybean oil, methyl oleate, white oil, or turpentine oil-methyl naphthalene oil higher fatty hydrocarbon; the filler is white carbon black, corn starch, kaolin, diatomite, sodium sulfate, or ammonium sulfate. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The liquid formulation comprises 2-5 wt.% of emamectin benzoate, 2-5 wt.% of thiacloprid, 6-10 wt.% of surface active agent, 3-5 wt.% of glacial acetic acid and 75-87 wt.% of alcohol solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent includes fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and/or nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (both preferred), polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether and/or diethanolamide. The alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol and/or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bentonite is natural bentonite or modified bentonite. The precipitating agent is iron compound, manganese compound, zinc compound, copper compound, bismuth compound or silver compound. The iron compound is iron chloride, ferrous chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, ferrous nitrate, ferrous citrate, iron chelate, dicyclopentadienyl iron, ferrous hydroxide, ferric hydroxide or polyaluminum ferric chloride. The manganese compound is manganese chloride, manganese sulfate or manganese nitrate. The divalent copper antibacterial agent is copper chloride, cuprous chloride, copper sulfate, copper nitrate, copper(II) nitrite, copper citrate, copper(II) ethylenediaminetetraacetate, copper chromate, copper naphthenate or copper hydroxide. The oxidizing agent is chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sodium isocyanate, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, iron perchlorate, sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, chromic anhydride or potassium permanganate. The disinfectant has particle size of 80 mu m. The auxiliary component is aluminum salt, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, high molecular flocculating agent, surfactant, zeolite powder, diatomite, iron powder, copper powder, zinc powder, lime, sodium hydroxide, N-dimethyl ethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine, alkaline protease, plant extract liquid and/or essence.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Thunder god vine aqueous extract solution is obtained by soaking thunder god vine in water according to mass ratio of 1:50-60, preferably 1:55 for 18-24 hours, preferably 24 hours, and filtering. The spray application interval period is 7 days. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The amount of plant protein raw material is 10-50% the weight of microalgae grease residue. The fermentation strain is Bacillus, lactic acid and yeast, where mass ratio of Bacillus, lactic acid and yeast, is 3-5:1-4:3-4. The biological amount of fermentation strain is 100 million/g, and the amount of fermentation strain added to the microalgae grease slag and plant protein raw material is 4 to 8%. The conventional feed comprises aquatic feed and livestock and poultry feed, where the amount of aquatic feed added is 5 to 20% and of animal feed is 5 to 15%. Preferred Method: The fermentation temperature is 37 to 50 degrees C. The fermentation time is 36 to 48 hours. The drying is conducted using fluidized bed drying device, where drying temperature is 50 to 70 degrees C. The fermentation step involves pulverizing, sieving through 80 meshes sieve and crushing till finished product water content is less than 10%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lipase is present in amount of 0.1-0.5 wt.%. The yeast and lactic acid microbial agent are present in an amount of 0.2-1 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Volatile solvent is isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate. Silane coupling agent is silane or double bond silane methoxy, preferably double bond silane methoxy, more preferably 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The mass ratio of volatile solvent with silane coupling agent is 1:1-6:1, preferably 2:1-4:1. The mass ratio of silicon dioxide colloid particle with silane coupling agent is 1:2-1:14, preferably 1:2.5:1:5. The grain diameter range of silicon dioxide colloid particle is 10-100 nm, preferably 10-50 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Hydrophobic cavity and hydrophilic surface hollow submicrosphere further comprises nanopore. Hydrophobic cavity and hydrophilic surface hollow submicrosphere has particle size of 100-300 nm and uniform grain diameter distribution. Preferred Method: Organic-inorganic composite structure is prepared by emulsion polymerizing silicon dioxide colloid particle with volatile solvent and silane coupling agent. Dispersing is carried out at 10-30 degrees C for 10-30 hours, preferably 16-24 hours. Polymerizing is carried out at more than 60 degrees C for 8-24 hours, preferably 65-80 degrees C for 14-20 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Biomaterial is timber material, particularly thinnings, such first thinnings, brushwood, tree stumps, or bark, fiber and/or bio-slurry, peat, grass plants, such as grasses, hay, straw, rice waste, cane plants, or organic waste such as vegetable or fruit peel from foodstuffs industry or mixture. Dry material content is 85-95%, preferably 90%. Preferred Process: Biomaterial is dried with waste heat of heat-releasing process at 100-200 degrees C. Biofuel is refined to form pellets or liquid fuel such as ethanol or diesel class biofuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first and second compositions are each heated to 45-60 degrees C, 40-65 degrees C, or 50-55 degrees C, before being combined. The combination is heated to 45-60 degrees C or 50-55 degrees C after the first and second compositions are combined, and the temperature is maintained for 30-90 (preferably 40-70) minutes. Preferred Components: The short chain alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The strong base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The salt is present in a stoichiometric ratio range of 1-5x, preferably 3x relative to the other components present in the first and second compositions. The natural oil is vegetable oil. The short chain alcohol is methanol. The alkaline catalyst is sodium hydroxide. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is ZSM-5-type zeolite. The content of catalyst is 20-90 %mass. Preferred Property: The particle size of catalyst is 50-110 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol-containing feedstock is methanol or aqueous methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Pre-processed biomass is agricultural waste or woody biomass. Preferred Process: Heat generated by heater is delivered to torrefaction reactor by thermal transfer fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out in a batch process or in a continuous process (preferred). The process is carried out in the plant. Preferred Components: (II) are trifluoroacetic acid ester, trifluoroacetic acid ester, trifluoroacetic acid ethyl ester or trichloroacetic acid ethyl ester. The ratio between ammonia and (II) is 100:1-1:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Heating is performed by microwave irradiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganisms include photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cell has a gas diffusion sublayer with a carbon cloth coated with PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The rice hulls are dried in a natural dry room and then pulverized using a pulverizing device. The food waste is pulverized using the pulverizing device. The additive is yellow soil powder or crusher dust. The mixture of raw materials is blended in a curing room, and is naturally aged at room temperature for 3 months.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism is genetically modified to have hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase, transaldolase and transketolase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, and ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase enzymatic activities. The microorganism is further genetically modified to have increased expression of phosphoacetyltransferase activity and decreased phosphofructokinase or fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase enzyme activity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - No preparation method is given. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the anaerobic degradation of cyanide, the solution in step (a) is provided by mixing a first solution of cyanide containing industrial waste water with a second solution comprising the fermentable organic matter. Mixing is in continuous mode or in batch mode. The cyanide concentration in the solution is 0.01-10 mg/1, preferably 0.0001-10 mg/1. The second solution comprises the fermentable organic matter is brewery waste water, dairy waste water, starch loaded water, corn loaded water, fructose syrup loaded water, spent non-and/or alcoholic beverages, effluent from sugar factories, effluent from paper mills, effluent from paper industries, or mixtures, preferably brewery waste water. The first solution of cyanide containing industrial waste water is finishing industry waste water, gold mining waste water, pharmaceutical industries waste water, or mixtures. The anaerobic digestion reactor is an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)-reactor, a continuously stirred tank (CSTR)-reactor, an anaerobic contact process (ACP)-reactor, an upflow-downflow anaerobic filter reactor (U-DAF)-reactor or a fluidized bed-reactor (FB)-reactor. The solution has a COD of 1500-9000 mg/1, preferably 2000-6000 mg/1. The fermentable organic matter comprises pentose, hexose, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, proteins or lipids. The fermentable organic matter comprises molecules having keto- and/or aldehyde-groups. The method further involves a pretreating step carried out after step (a) and before step (b) or before mixing, comprising: reacting at least parts of the cyanide and the fermentable organic matter under abiotic conditions. The concentration of the cyanide in the solution is more than 10 mg/1. Reacting involves Cyanhydrine-Synthesis (Kiliani-Fischer-Synthesis) reaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel5-KG71 gene is derived from rumen microorganism of C.hircus aegagrus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A storage unit is provided which receives the biogas from the fermentable-chamber and from which it is supplied to a consumer. The end piece is a tube section which is closed in fluid-tight manner with a bottom, and comprises a device with which is a fluid-tight connection to the tubular film is produced. The film tube and/or the end pieces comprise a polymer material, in which the polymeric material is a thermoplastic, preferably a polyolefin, preferably a polyethylene and/or a polypropylene, or a copolymer of polyethylene or polypropylene, or a polyvinyl chloride, a copolymer or polyvinyl chloride. The above mentioned devices and apparatus and the device for directing the biogas from the fermentable-chamber out and supplied to storage unit and/or memory, and/or the device for conducting biogas from storage unit and supplying to a consumer, comprise the polymer material which is thermoplastic. The length of the film tube is chosen such that it has diameter of 1:3-1:20. The system is arranged such that the axis of the cylindrical chamber has a fermentable angle of 0 degrees , or 2-8 degrees , preferably 4-6 degrees to the horizontal plane. The film tube and the two end pieces are arranged in a space-saving manner and absorb all the resources which are stored for transport. The film tube and the two end pieces and all resources have a volume of maximum of 150 dm3 and/or a mass of maximum of 100 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbe consortium comprises: non-photosynthetic prokaryotes mixed with photosynthetic eukaryotes and prokaryotes in ratios of 1:1-10000:1; mixotrophs; and microorganisms including Acaryochloris, Acaryochloris, Amphora, Anabaena, Anacystis, Anikstrodesmis, Asteromonas, Azoarcus, Bacillus, Botryococcus, Chaetoceros, Chlorella, Chlorococcum, Closterium, Crocosphaera, Cyanotheca, Cyclotella, Cylindrotheca, Dunaliella, Escherichia, Euglena, Halobacterium, Desmodesmus, Halomonas, Halospiralina, Hematococcus, Isochrysis, Lyngbya, Marinichlorella, Micratinium, Microcystis, Monochrysis, Monoraphidium, Nannochloris, Nannochlorum, Nannochloropsis, Navicula, Nephrochloris, Nitrobacter, Nephroselmis, Nitrococcus, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosopumilus, Nitrospina, Nitzschia, Nodularia, Nostoc, Oochromonas, Oocystis, Oscillatoria, Pavlova, Pediastrum, Phaeodactylum, Picochloram, Platymonas, Pleurochrysis, Porphyridium, Prochlorococcus, Pseudoanabaena, Pseudomonas, Pyramimonas, Rhodosorus, Rhodocyclus, Rhodomonas, Rubrivivax, Scenedesmus, Selenastram, Spirulina, Stichococcus, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, Tetraselmis, Thalassiosira, Thermosynechocystis, Trichodesmium, Thiobacillus, Uronema and Zoogloea; and microbial derivatives composed of biopolymers that are exopolysaccharides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compressed gas comprises carbon dioxide, oxygen, or nitrogen. The metals include uranium, lithium, barium, arsenic, strontium, iron, copper and cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon compound is glycerin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oligomerized catalyst comprises an amorphous silica-alumina support. The catalyst comprises porous material comprising silicon, aluminum and oxygen, preferably amorphous silica-alumina support. The catalyst is nickel supported oligomerized catalyst comprises 0.4-20 wt.% nickel with respect to total content of dry catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The transition metal is chosen from vanadium, tungsten, niobium, and molybdenum and tantalum. The carbon monoxide is present in metallic state having crystallite diameter of 0.1-70 nm, preferably 0.1-20 nm. The transition metal capable of forming polyanion is present in oxide state. The composition further comprises at least one element chosen from iron, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, rhodium, platinum, iridium and palladium and oxide particles, preferably metal oxide. The catalyst composition comprises 100 parts mass carbon monoxide and 0.1-50 parts mass transition metal. The catalyst composition has specific surface area of 15-250 m2/g measured by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis. The methanation catalyst is formed by molding the above-mentioned composition and has structure formed by supporting substrate made of ceramic material or metal. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The thermostable cellobiohydrolase is prepared using the transformants. Preferred Enzymes: The thermostable cellobiohydrolase further comprises cellulose binding region. The other cellulase is chosen from hemicellulase and endoglucanase. Preferred Polynucleotide: The polynucleotide further comprises region that encodes the cellulose binding region. Preferred Transformant: The transformant is prokaryote or eukaryote, preferably plant. Preferred Method: The method (M2) further involves contacting the material containing cellulose with at least one of the above-mentioned other cellulase. EXAMPLE - Gene encoding cellobiohydrolase isolated from thermophilic bacteria of hot spring was amplified by PCR and obtained PCR amplified product was inserted into pET101/D-TOPO vector. The vector was transformed into One Shot (RTM: Chemically competent Escherichia coli) and positive clones were selected. Selected transformed cells were cultured in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium comprising 100 mg/l ampicillin at 37 degrees C and 200 revolutions per minute for 17-20 hours for induced expression of target protein. Cultured cells were subjected to ultrasonic crushing process to obtain crude extract containing cellobiohydrolase. The crude extract was filtered and obtained filtrate was purified using ion-exchange column to obtain cellobiohydrolase containing fractions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The compression drying step is carried out by drying at 150-300 degrees C for 3-5 minutes until the moisture content reaches to 3-8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culturing step is performed at 40-60 degrees C for 24-72 hours in anaerobic digester. The heat-treating step is performed at 100-110 degrees C for 1-2 hours. The method involves performing incubation of culture at 40-60 degrees C, preferably 48-52 degrees C in rotary shaking incubator at a shaking speed of 100-200 revolutions/minute. After incubation step, adding 70-80 weight/weight% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to the culture. Preferred Component: The waste comprising high protein content is food waste, sewage waste, agricultural waste or animal waste. Preferred Microorganism: The microbes are chosen from Clostridium bifermentans, C.butyricum, C.tyrobutyricum, C.beijerinckii, C.acetobutylicum, Enterobacter aerogenes, E.cloacae, C.intermedius, C.freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Thermotoga neapolitana, Bacillus coagulans and B.megaterium. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is carried by mixing 40-60 wt.% sewage sludge and 40-60 wt.% heat medium oil, where the heat medium oil is c-heavy oil, waste oil or waste mineral oil. The kneading is carried out by mixing 10-25 wt.% carbon additives with 75-90 wt.% sewage sludge powder, where the carbon additive is anthracite coal, bituminous coal, annealed bituminous coal or petro coke. The separated oil from the sewage sludge is temporarily stored in a reservoir and supplied to a gasoline supply tank for recycling. The extrusion molding machine is compressed the kneading water by rotating screw inside a barrel, and allow to mold the solid fuel by cutting during discharging from the conveyer. Preferred Components: The obtained thermal coal includes greater than or equal to 20% fixed carbon, less than or equal to 50% volatile components, less than or equal to 35% ash content, less than or equal to 10% moisture content, less than or equal to 1 mg/l cyan compound, less than or equal to 3 mg/l copper, less than or equal to 0.3 mg/l cadmium, less than or equal to 0.005 mg/l mercury, less than or equal to 1.5 mg/l arsenic, less than or equal to 3 mg/l lead, greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/l hexavalent chromium and having calorific value of greater than or equal to 4000 Kcal/Kg. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The moisture content of the palm berries powder is 8-15 wt.%. The moisture content of the palm bark powder is 6-12 wt.%. The mixture further includes a binder component. An oil content of the pellet is 0.5-2 wt.%. The palm bark powder and the palm berries powder are sieved using 100-200 mesh. Preferred Method: The method further comprises drying the fuel pellet at 70-100 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises: a grinder which is installed between the reservoir and the ultrasonic processing device, it pulverizes the slaughter blood transferred from the reservoir, and solubilizes protein in blood cells of the slaughter blood; a storage tank which stores the liquid product obtained from the filter press. The ultrasonic processing device irradiates ultrasonic waves of 20-30 kHz frequency range in the slaughter blood. The ultrasonic processing device comprises a heater, which maintains the temperature of the slaughter blood at 40-60 degrees C. The enzyme reactor comprises a pair of enzyme reaction tank installed with a mixer rotated by a motor and a heat exchange line installed between the pair of enzyme reaction tanks. The sterilizing and drying device comprises a high temperature heater for heating the solid product. The ultrasonic processing device kills the pathogens in the slaughter blood.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nuclease is a DNA-degrading nuclease or a RNA-degrading nuclease, and the nucleic acids are DNA or RNA. The DNA of the host cell is recombinant DNA. The DNA of the host cell is not genetically modified. The DNA-degrading nuclease is TaqI nuclease. The host cell is from a plant, an animal or a microbe. The microbe is yeast, fungi, algae, or bacteria. The microbe is Yarrowia, Bacillus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Candida, Hansenula, Saccharomyces, Mortierella, Schizosaccharomyces, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Crypthecodinium, Schizochytrium, and Thraustochytrium. The Yarrowia species is Yarrowia lipolytica. The end product is phytoene, lycopene, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone, 3-hydroxyechinenone, 3'-hydroxyechinenone, adonirubin, violaxanthin or adonixanthin. The gene of the thermophilic nuclease is codon optimized to match the codon usage bias of the host cell. Preferred Method: The degradation is conducted at a temperature that is within plus minus 5 degrees C of the optimum temperature of the thermophilic nuclease. The degradation is conducted at a temperature that is optimal for the activity of the thermophilic nuclease. The degradation is conducted at a temperature of 60-70 degrees C, preferably 65 degrees C. The gene of the thermophilic nuclease is codon optimized to match the codon usage bias of the host cell. The codon optimized thermophilic nuclease gene comprises a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 1. The production of the end products has little or no change comparing to the production of the end products from a cell which does not contain the heterologous nucleic acid sequence. The temperature in step (b) is optimal for the growth of the host cell. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The coal-utilizing bacteria is genetically-modified bacteria, and chosen from oleaginous bacteria, Rhodococcus, Streptomyces, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Nocardia, Mycobacterium, Gordonia, Dietzi, microorganisms growing on coal, and microorganisms containing triacylglycerol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coal is coal fines, waste coal, and/or low-grade coal. The pretreatment element used during the production process is alkali, acid (11), solvent, or oxidizing agent. The alkali is sodium hydroxide. The acid is sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lipids are diacylglycerols and/or triacylglycerols. Preferred Process: Production of biofuel further involves adding methanol (23) to lipids, producing glycerol by trans-esterification reaction, and adding glycerol to anaerobic digester (20) and producing methane (21).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Dehydro-abietic acid reflux extracting agent is n-hexane, petroleum ether, or acetone, preferably n-hexane. Crude rosin acid dehydrogenase refining organic solvent is ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and/or methyl ethyl ketone, preferably ethyl acetate. Weight-to-volume (kg/L) ratio of disproportionated rosin and rosin to n-hexane is 1:1-5, preferably 1:1-3. Weight-to-volume (kg/L) ratio of crude rosin acid dehydrogenase and ethyl acetate is 1:5-15, preferably 1:10. ACTIVITY - Antiulcer; Antiinflammatory; Gastrointestinal-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oxidation method further comprises finishing via crystal separation method by adding hydrophobic solvent separate out crystal. Reaction temperature is at 10-150 degrees C. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of (2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methanol derivative and oxidant is preferably 1:7. Reaction solvent is benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloroethane, methylene chloride or dimethyl sulfoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pseudosaponin diacetate is chosen from pseudodiosgenin diacetate, pseudosapogenin diacetate or pseudo sisal sapogenin diacetate. The dehydrogenated 16-diketene-ol acetate ester is preferably 14-acetyl-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,15)heptadec-7-en-5-yl acetate, 14-acetyl-2,15-dimethyl-16-oxotetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,15)heptadecan-5-yl acetate and 14-acetyl-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo(8.7.0.02,7.011,15)heptadecan-5-yl acetate. The organic solvent is 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, dioxane or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: First solvent is 1-propanol, 1-butanol or 2-propanol. Second solvent is acetic acid, isopropyl acetate or n-butyl acetate. Ratio 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutylphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-formic acid:solvent mixture is 1 g:0.1-5 ml. Ratio 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutylphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-formic acid:first solvent:second solvent is 1 g:0.1-5 ml:8-10 ml, preferably 1 g:0.3-4 g:4.5-10 ml. Preferred Conditions: Heating temperature of raw materials for preparation of 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutylphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-formic acid crystal is 50-100 degrees C, preferably 70-95 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Borneol essentially D-borneol of formula (I), L-borneol of formula (II), D-isoborneol of formula (III), L-isoborneol of formula (IV), and reduced amount of D-camphor of formula (V) and camphor-like structure of formula (VI). The secondary alcohol having low-boiling point is isopropanol, cyclohexanol, isopropyl alcohol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, and/or isopropanol. The tertiary alcohol having low-boiling point is t-butanol, t-amyl alcohol, and/or 3-ethyl-3-pentanol. The weight ratio of secondary alcohol with respect to borneol, camphor or their reduced product is 100:1-1:0.5. When the content of camphor is less than 3%, the usage amount of secondary alcohol is 2-3 times the amount of starting product. When the content of camphor is 3%, the usage amount of secondary alcohol is 0.5-1 times the amount of the starting material. The molar ratio of secondary alcohol aluminum with respect to borneol, camphor and/or their reduction product is 1:10-100:1. The polar solvent used for extraction, is chosen from dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, glycerol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, dimethylformamide and formamide. When used for the extraction, the molar ratio of polar solvent and borneol is 3:1. The molar ratio of borneol and filler used during column chromatography is 3:1-5:1. The low-boiling saturated hydrocarbon used during extraction process, is petroleum ether, gasoline, cyclohexane, N-hexane, cyclopentane and/or N-pentane. The weight ratio of camphor or borneol with respect to aluminum powder is 1:20-1:40. Preferred Conditions: The reduction process is carried out at 80-130 degrees C, preferably 105-115 degrees C. The borneol rearrangement camphene distillation dehydration is carried out at 130-270 degrees C. Borneol and camphene mixture is purified by steam distillation. Preferred Property: The purity of camphene is 90% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sodium hydroxide concentration of the solution containing the sodium hydroxide which is made to contact the cellulose filter sludge is 20 wt. % - 30 wt. %.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: S-epoxychloropropane, benzaldehyde and ammonia condensation is effected in an organic solvent and a salt is formed with hydrochloric acid to give (S)-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propylamine hydrochloride which is esterified with acetic anhydride to give compound (I).Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, toluene, and/or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The drying step is carried out until the water content of the product is reduced to less than 5%. Preferred Components: The desloratadine has granularity of 100-200 meshes. The pregelatinized starch is present in amount of 1-50 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Antiallergic; Antiinflammatory.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises loading platinum-based catalyst on the ceramic membrane surface by impregnation method. The impregnation method comprises using chloroplatinic acid as a precursor, adding sodium hydroxide and formaldehyde solution into chloroplatinic acid, immersing into reformer combustor flow field and ultrasonically agitating, heating to 80-95 degrees C, cooling and filtering. The method comprises carrying out micro-arc oxidation treatment by applying a DC voltage, where the voltage is controlled to 400-700 V, the current density is 5-20 A/dm2, and the processing time is 10-180 minutes. The conditions for micro-arc oxidation process with AC voltage includes positive pulse voltage of 400-600V, negative pulse voltage of 0-300 V, pulse frequency of 10-5000 Hz and processing time of 120 minutes. Preferred Components: The platinum-based catalyst loading amount is 5-15 mg/cm2. The electrolytic solution contains aluminum oxide ions. The electrolyte comprises 5-15 g/l sodium aluminate and 0.5-2 g/l sodium hypophosphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reformer combustion chamber is made of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or other alloys. The width and depth of the flow field microchannel are 150-500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: Crosslinked filler has thickness of 3-10 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Parameters: Nonwoven fabric has density of 40-200 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The star-shaped bioactive filler material has specific gravity of 0.90-1.10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The star-shaped net-like carrier has three, four, five or six type sheets, and angle between two adjacent sheets is 120 degrees , 90 degrees , 72 degrees or 60 degrees based on the different shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The septic tank is added with 100 pts. farm waste, 1 pts. potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 pts. sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 pts. 1 pts. soda lime, 1 pts. dried and ground Eupatorium adenophorum powder, and 1 pts. hydrogen peroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biogas slurry tank is stainless steel tank. The biogas slurry tank is connected with a boiler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic waste is dewatered sludge, garden waste, livestock manure and/or crop straw. The water content of the dehydrated municipal sludge is 85%. The water content of the garden waste and livestock excrement is 75%. The water content of the crop straw is 40%. The water content of the high biological carbon is 40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer composition comprises 10 pts. wt., 11 pts. wt., 12 pts. wt. or 14 pts. wt. potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 pts. wt., 7 pts. wt., 8 pts. wt. or 9 pts. wt. nitrogen, 10 pts. wt., 12 pts. wt., 13 pts. wt. or 14 pts. wt. peat, 8 pts. wt., 9 pts. wt. or 10 pts. wt. golden cypress, 16 pts. wt., 17 pts. wt., 18 pts. wt. or 19 pts. wt. dried tea leaves, 8 pts. wt., 9 pts. wt. or 10 pts. wt. soybean meal, 5 pts. wt., 6 pts. wt., 7 pts. wt. or 9 pts. wt. amino acid, 0.5 pt. wt., 0.6 pt. wt., 0.7 pt. wt. or 0.9 pt. wt. zinc sulfate, 0.2 pt. wt., 0.3 pt. wt. or 0.4 pt. wt. copper sulfate, 0.5 pt. wt., 0.6 pt. wt., 0.8 pt. wt. or 0.9 pt. wt. ferrous sulfate, 0.5 pt. wt., 0.6 pt. wt., 0.8 pt. wt. or 0.9 pt. wt. borax, 0.02 pt. wt., 0.04 pt. wt., 0.05 pt. wt. or 0.08 pt. wt. sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate, 10 pts. wt., 20 pts. wt., 30 pts. wt. or 35 pts. wt. soil modifier, 0.4 pt. wt., 0.5 pt. wt., 0.7 pt. wt. or 0.8 pt. wt. yeast, 0.02 pt. wt., 0.03 pt. wt., 0.05 pt. wt. or 0.08 pt. wt. sodium alpha -naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.025 pt. wt., 0.04 pt. wt., 0.052 pt. wt. or 0.1 pt. wt. vitamin B, 0.025 pt. wt., 0.04 pt. wt., 0.052 pt. wt. or 0.1 pt. wt. vitamin C, and 0.03 pt. wt., 0.05 pt. wt., 0.065 pt. wt. or 0.08 pt. wt. citric acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Straw composting agent comprises (in wt.%): decomposing material (90), bran (20), flax residue (20), soybean (20), potato residue (40), microbial strain (1), fermented molasses (1) and basidiomycetes (10). Preferred component: Microbial strain is selected from lactic acid bacteria, yeast or photosynthetic bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: Each of the process tubes has three sets of electromagnetic heating devices. The drive shaft comprises variable frequency motor, inverter motor connected with a gear reducer, where a speed reducer is connected with the drive shaft, and the drive shaft is connected with a corresponding screw conveyor. The feed hopper is located at the lower end of the carbonization process tube, and the discharge port is located at the upper end of the carbonization process tube. The feed hopper is located at the upper end of the calcination process tube, and the discharge port is located at the lower end of the calcination process tube, where the discharge port is connected to a cooling device. The drive shaft is disposed within each of the process tubes screw conveyor adjacent their inlet ends. Each of the discharge ports of the process tubes, respectively, is connected to a main discharge port. In the system: the dust-removing filter device comprises in turn connecting of a filter de-dusting device and a secondary dust-removing filter; the cooling device comprises a secondary gas filter cooling device by connecting a secondary gas filter with the cooling device; and the feeder port is calcined provided on the carbonization process tube of the apparatus, where the feeder port and the gas tank is connected through a pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the desulfurization liquid obtained after desulfurization is processed under ultrasonic wave and then subjected to fluidized layer separation, or the precipitate is separated to obtain sulfur, ferric oxide, iron sulfide and/or its mixture, the desulfurization liquid or desulfurization rich liquid is subjected to continuous or intermittent ultrasonic wave processing with iron oxide or iron particle, and solid particles and solution are separated after layering or precipitation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The regeneration tower outlet is connected with an ultrasonic device, and the ultrasonic device is connected with the precipitation-separation device inlet; or the bottom of the regeneration tower is set with the ultrasonic device inlet, and the regeneration tower outlet is connected with the precipitation-separation device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pH of acidic wastewater sample is 3-6.5. In step (ii) the enrichment culture conditions are: temperature of 25-35 degrees C, light intensity of 6000-9000 lux, illumination time of 9-18 hours/day, and aeration rate of 0.2-1 vvm, where the volume fraction of carbon dioxide is 10-20%, and enrichment culturing for 10-15 days. The step (iii) comprises carrying out serial dilution of enriched water samples t0 101-107 times in sterilized BG11 liquid culture medium; and adding 1-50 mu l diluted enriched water sample on the solid culture medium plate. In step (iv), the sudan black B lipophilic dye includes solute of 0.6 wt.% Sudan black B and solvent of 95 v/v% aqueous ethanol, the dyeing temperature is 100 degrees C, and the dyeing time is 10 minutes. Preferred Components: The oil containing reference microalgae is Chlorella pyrenoidosa SJTU-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The protease is trypsin, papain protease or cellulose. The plant oil is corn oil, grape seed oil, safflower oil or pine nut oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Bacteria are selected from Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus megaterium or Lactobacillus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The pig waste organic fertilizer comprises 20 pts. wt. B.licheniformis, 28 pts. wt. lees, 36 pts. wt. yeast powder, 15 pts. wt. rice bran, 25 pts. wt. brown sugar, 130 pts. wt. honey, 65 pts. wt. pig manure, 380 pts. wt. pig urine, 12 pts. wt. pig bone, 6 pts. wt. pig hair, 2 pts. wt. pig blood, 10 pts. wt. horse dung, 22 pts. wt. rice straw, 80 pts. wt. wheat straw, 15 pts. wt. Sorghum, 8 pts. wt. peanut, 8 pts. wt. green vitriol, 6.5 pts. wt. copper and 1 pt. wt. magnesium sulfate. The humidity of pig manure is 50%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: Activated carbon is prepared by cleaning biogas residue to remove impurities, performing extrusion-dehydration process, such that water content is 8-10%, adding 10-20% zinc chloride solution, then leaching at 30-40 degrees C for 35-40 hours, drying, such that water content is 5-10%, heating in ceramic or silicon carbide crucible under microwave irradiation of 2000-3000 W for 20-30 minutes, naturally cooling, baking at 30-40 degrees C for 25 hours, rinsing with deionized water and grinding to size is 200-400 mesh. Activating agent is carbonized material prepared by adding 10-20% zinc chloride solution to marsh gas residue, leaching at 30-40 degrees C for 20 hours, drying for 24 hours, heating in ceramic or silicon carbide crucible under microwave irradiation of 2000-3000 W for 10-20 minutes, rinsing with deionized water and grinding until size is 200-400 mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Adsorbent is sodium bentonite. Dispersing agent is silica sol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Swelling agent is a mixture of liquid paraffin and ammonium hydrogen carbonate in a mass ratio of 1:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The x+y is 0.625-1.5, and x/y is 0.5-1. Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises adding gallium source and aluminum into 1-2 mol/l template solution, stirring for 20-40 minutes, adding sodium hydroxide, stirring for 20-40 minutes, transferring the resulting solution into aqueous solution of silicon source and continuing to stir for 100-150 to obtain homogeneous sol-gel system. The step (ii) comprises removing the crystallization material, centrifuging to obtain molecule sieve powder, washing with deionized water and filtering for 2-5 times. The ion exchange solution is 0.5-3 M ammonium hydroxide solution, the ion exchange reaction is performed for 1-2 hours, then filtered and for repeated 2-3 times. The step (v) further comprises sieving of ZSM-5 molecule sieve with 40-140 meshes sieve. The catalytic fast pyrolysis is performed in a reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the moisture content of the carbon product is 20-35%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Biogas slurry comprises potato residue, dregs and straw. Ferment agent and stabilizer comprises salt, urea and monosodium glutamate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in pts.wt.): urea (38), wheat bran (25), shrimp shell powder (22), Sarcandra glabra (11), ferrous sulfate (3.5), zinc sulfate (2.5), ammonium sulfate (2), borax (4.5), vanadium (3.5), carboxymethyl cellulose (1.5), spherical nano-ferroferric oxide magnetic powder (3), modified maize straw (6), chlorothalonil (3) and copper sulfate (2). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer granule has particle size of 2-5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The average polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is 1000-1200. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insect Repellent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Preferred Components: Organic compost comprises (in pts.wt.): manioc waste (35), plant ash (10), chicken manure (20), cow dung (20), effective microorganism liquid (3), water (12) and cellulose (0.0002). Preferred Process: Organic compost is prepared by dispersing manioc waste in a fermenting tank. Plant ash, manioc waste and manure are dispersed uniformly. Manioc waste and plant ash are mixed uniformly,. Chicken manure and cow dung are dispersed in the mixture of manioc waste and plant ash. Effective microorganism liquid and cellulose are dissolved in a water tank, and then mixed with the obtained material. The obtained mixture is stirred uniformly in a fermentation tank under anaerobic conditions for 5-6 times, and then fermentation tank is coved with black plastic film. The obtained mixture is fermented at 40-50 degrees C for 15-20 days to obtain the desired product. ACTIVITY - Immunostimulant; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Acetone and 4-hydroxy-4'-chloro-benzophenone are added to a four-necked reactor provided with electric mixer, thermometer, reflux condenser and constant-pressure dripping funnel, sodium hydroxide and chloroform are added, mixed at 20-30 degrees C and reacted for 3-4 hours. The resultant reaction mixture is distilled to recover acetone, water (I) and toluene are added, mixed uniformly, hydrochloric acid is added and pH is adjusted to 3.5-4.5. Water (II) is added to the resultant mixture, cooled to room temperature, filtered and the filter cake is dried, to obtain fenofibrate. Preferred Composition: The addition amount of acetone is 2-3 times the content of 4-hydroxy-4'-chloro-benzophenone. The addition amount of sodium hydroxide is 1-1.3 times the content of 4-hydroxy-4'-chloro-benzophenone. The addition amount of chloroform is 0.85-1 time the content of 4-hydroxy-4'-chloro-benzophenone. The addition amount of toluene is 2.2-2.8 times the content of 4-hydroxy-4'-chloro-benzophenone. The addition amount of hydrochloric acid is 1-1.3 times the content of 4-hydroxy-4'-chloro-benzophenone. The addition amount of water (I) and water (II) is 1.8-2.2 times the content of 4-hydroxy-4'-chloro-benzophenone. 4-Hydroxy-4'-chloro-benzophenone, sodium hydroxide, chloroform, acetone and toluene are 95% industrial-grade products. Hydrochloric acid is 36% industrial-grade product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The step (i): weight ratio between 3,5-dimethylaniline and camphor is 1:1-1:3; weight ratio between the catalyst B and 3,5-dimethylaniline is 1:1-1:10; the organic solvent A is benzene, toluene, xylene, dimethylformamide or ethylene glycol; and the catalyst B is guanidine hydrochloride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum trichloride or benzotriazole. The organic solvent C in the step (v) is dichloromethane, toluene, ethyl acetate or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fresh Rehmannia is processed by washing, pulping, adding deionized water, and homogenizing. Preferred Composition: The content of methanol and ethanol is 50 %mass and 90 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is methanesulfonic acid. The catalyst-containing acetic acid solution is obtained by diluting 0.5-1 ml methanesulfonic acid with 8 ml glacial acetic acid. ACTIVITY - Antiparasitic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol-fuel additive preferably comprises 10000 pts. wt. ethanol, 200 pts. wt. ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 200 pts. wt. ammonium acetate, 500 pts. wt. linoleic acid, 250 pts. wt. ethylene glycol, 500 pts. wt. polysorbate-80, 3000 pts. wt. seaweed powder, and 3000 pts. wt. cinnamon tree powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Sulfur corrosion inhibitor is metal ion-free and ash-free additive monooleate imidazoline, pyridine, cyclohexane, or N-methyl diethanolamine, fuel oxidation product-preventing corrosion inhibitor is nitrogen, sulfur, or hydroxyl-containing organic inhibitor, such as mercaptobenzothiazole, benzotriazole, methylbenzotriazole, or alkyl amine, fuel improver is oleic acid ethylene glycol ester, benzene triazole fatty acid ammonia salt, or dimer acid, dispersing agent is polyisobutylene succinate, phenol amine, succinimide, or fatty amine, and latent solvent is n-hexane, n-pentane, cyclohexane, n-propanol, 2-propanol, and isobutanol. Vehicle methanol gasoline composite additive contains 3 mass% sulfur corrosion inhibitor composed of 1 mass% monooleate imidazoline, 0.5 mass% pyridine, and 1.5 mass% cyclohexane, 6 mass% fuel oxidation product-preventing corrosion inhibitor composed of 2 mass% mercaptobenzothiazole and 4 mass% benzotriazole, 5 mass% fuel improver composed of 2 mass% oleic acid ethylene glycol ester and 3 mass% dimer acid, 1 mass% dispersing agent composed of 0.5 mass% polyisobutylene succinate and 0.5 mass% succinimide, and 85 mass% latent solvent composed of 40 mass% n-propanol and 45 mass% isopropanol. Vehicle methanol gasoline composite additive contains 2.5 mass% sulfur corrosion inhibitor composed of 0.5 mass% and 2 mass% N-methyl diethanolamine, 10 mass% fuel oxidation product-preventing corrosion inhibitor composed of 10 mass% benzotriazole, 7 mass% fuel improver composed of 5 mass% benzene triazole fatty acid ammonia salt and 2 mass% dimer acid, 1.5 mass% dispersing agent composed of 0.5 mass% fatty amine, and 79 mass% latent solvent composed of 20 mass% n-hexane, 15 mass% n-pentane, and 44 mass% isobutanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Sulfur-containing methanation reaction temperature is 200-600 degrees C. Depth methanation reaction temperature is 260-700 degrees C. Methanation reaction operation pressure is 0.2-6 MPa. Preferred Compositions: Amount of sulfur in sulfur-containing methanation reaction is 0.1-2.5 vol.%. Volume ratio hydrogen:carbon monoxide is 0.4-1.6. Preferred Processes: Decarburization reaction produces compressed natural gas which directly feeds to natural gas tube network, and liquefied natural gas. Methanation reaction includes converting synthetic gas to methane with catalyst and simultaneously converting and performing methanation reaction. Methanation reaction includes replenishing water with steam as water source to produce deoxygenated water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is sulfur removal agent or coal modifier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culturing process in the step (a) comprises culturing strain seed liquid at 10-45 degrees C at a culture medium pH of 4-11, with illumination intensity of 2500-15000 lux, light dark ratio of 8-24:16-0, culturing under sterile air with ventilation quantity of 0.2-1 vvm, carbon dioxide content of 0.03 vol./vol.%, and culturing for 10 days. The fermentation process in the step (b) comprises culturing in a culture medium having pH of 8 at 28 degrees C with illumination intensity of 7500 lux, and light-dark ratio of 12:12, under sterile air with ventilation quantity of 0.33 vvm, and carbon dioxide content of 0.03-15 vol./vol.%, and culturing for 14 days to obtain fermentation broth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Redox mediator is 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonic acid, anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, juglone, henna quinone or menadione. Alkaline water solution is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or calcium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution or calcium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is spherical granular material, having ball diameter of 40-120 nm, flower-shaped structure, good specific surface area, which is good for water splitting and hydrogen catalytic reaction. The catalyst is suitable for solution with pH value range of 14. The carrier is graphite, three-dimensional graphene, foam nickel or glassy carbon material, where the loading amount is 1mg/cm2. Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) washing the carrier orderly with water and ethanol solution and ultrasonic cleaning, (ii) subjecting the cleaned carrier for hydroxylated hydrophilic surface treatment, (iii) adding hydroxylated carrier in oil bath containing silver nitrate solution and heating, so that silver ion loading on the carrier surface is hydrophilic, (iv) drying naturally the carrier, adding into nickel boride containing chemical plating liquid in oil bath and heating until the bubble disappears, removing the carrier-supported catalyst, washing successively using ammonium hydroxide, water, alcohol and acetone, until the carrier surface is neutral pH of 7, (v) placing the cleaned carrier in a low vacuum environment of 80 degrees C and drying. The hydroxylated hydrophilic treatment of carrier surface is hydrophilic electrochemical oxidation or plasma etching by oxygen or water. The reaction temperature of oil bath chemical plating liquid is 45-75 degrees C, and the reaction time is 30-240 minutes. The chemical plated nickel-boron drying temperature is 80-180 degrees C, the drying atmosphere is vacuum or inert gas, and the drying time is 5-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dense biomass fuel comprises 60 pts. wt. wheat straw, 40 pts. wt. corn cob, 25 pts. wt. pine needle, 15 pts. wt. sawdust, 8 pts. wt. traditional Chinese medicine slag, 12 pts. wt. fish powder, 16 pts. wt. palm shell, 6 pts. wt. tea seed cake, 8 pts. wt. soybean oil, 12 pts. wt. bone powder, 14 pts. wt. coconut husk, and 16 pts. wt. peanut shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Water washing treatment of chloride furnace slag is performed by soaking chloride slag in water for 1-2 hours and discharging wash water three times. Electrolyte solution is obtained by adding sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) to chloride-ion-containing water to remove Ca2+ in solution, adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to remove Mg2+ and Fe3+ in solution, adding barium chloride (BaCl2) to remove SO42- in solution, and filtering to remove precipitate and insoluble impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method may comprise: (A) selecting material and alternate drying cut branch without plant diseases and insect pests having a diameter of 0.8-1 cm into one section, where length is determined according to the main bag, the water content is 60% fungus, and pear branch length is 17 cmx 33 cm to 11-12 cm; (B) boiling in clean water, adding nitrogen-containing edible special fertilizer, and then leaching cut branch in water for 20-24 hours and then boiling water, and heating with high heat for 20-30 minutes; (C) mixing the wheat bran or rice bran with boiled water pear branch, and stirring with water for 3-5 minutes; (D) bagging the pear branches in a polypropylene bag of 17 cmx 33 cm, packaging the bag with hand, and stirring with wheat bran or rice bran; (E) steam sterilizing at 0.15 Pa; (F) inoculating with UV light irradiation strain bottle, sterilizing, heating, film inoculating the open strain bottle, opening pear branch bag of plastic cover, inoculating the access from the bag, covering, where one bottle strain can inoculate 20 bags of pear branch bag, and then putting it into the room process with hairy fungus, and (G) putting hairy fungus into dark light room with a controlled indoor temperature at 20-25 degrees C and controlled air relative humidity at 60-65%, maintaining a good ventilation, after 25-30 days, using the pear branch immediately for inoculation, and preserving for 1-3 months at 0-10 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial inoculum comprises 1 pts. wt. Pseudomonas veronii, 2 pts. wt. Rahnella aquatilis, 2 pts. wt. Bacillus megaterium and 5-10 pts. wt. additives, where the Pseudomonas veronii, Rahnella aquatilis and Bacillus megaterium content is 2x 108 colony forming units (cfu)/g, 4x 108 cfu/g and 4x 108 cfu/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is wheat shell powder, diatomite or silicon dioxide (100 meshes). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture medium comprises beef extract peptone culture medium, broth culture medium and lysogeny broth (LB) culture medium. The microbial inoculum further comprises inert solid carrier and binder, where the inert solid carrier includes clay, silicon dioxide, diatomite, kaolin, attapulgite, montmorillonite, bentonite, talc, white carbon black and calcium carbonate, and binder includes maltose and/or dextrin. Preferred Composition: The viable cells of L.fusiformis are 5-200x 107 colony-forming unit (CFU). The culture medium comprises 40-150 g/l bean flour, 40-150 g/l starch, 40-150 g/l sucrose, 10-100 g/l soybean oil, 0.5-8 g/l sodium chloride, 0.5-5 g/l calcium carbonate, 2-10 g/l potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-10 g/l ferrous sulfate. The microbial inoculum comprises 30-90 wt.% inert solid carrier and 5-20 wt.% binder. The microbial fertilizer further comprises phosphate fertilizer. The phosphate fertilizer includes bone meal fertilizer, rock phosphate fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of silicon dioxide:aluminum oxide in layered MCM-49 molecular sieve and MCM-22 molecular sieve is 10:1-60:1. Weight ratio of MCM-49 molecular sieve:MCM-22 molecular sieve is 1/10-10/1. Oxide binder is aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide. Amount of methane adsorbed is 160-180 vol.%. Preferred Processes: Layered molecular sieve adsorbent is subjected to liquid silicon deposition surface modification. Liquid silicon deposition surface modification is performed by depositing silicon layer in liquid phase molecular sieve pore surface. Preferred Conditions: Pressure of layered molecular sieve adsorbent used in low-pressure methane adsorption is 3 bar. Low-pressure methane adsorption temperature is 25 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Modifier used in liquid silicon deposition surface modification is 5-15 wt.% methyl silicone oil. Polymer compound porogen is 5-10 wt.% Sesbania powder or polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The trivalent metal cation is trivalent iron, lanthanum, bismuth, nickel, aluminum or cerium metal cation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The naphthalene carboxylic acid organic ligand is 1-nitro-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 3-amino-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 5-sulfonic acid-2,7-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 2,4,6-naphthalene tricarboxylic acid or 2,5,7-naphthalene tricarboxylic acid. The porogen is cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone or methanol. Preferred Composition: The high storage density methane adsorbed metal organic framework material contains 10-30 wt.% porogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the catalyst comprises melting sulfuric acid residue chemical waste residue as raw material, and adding accelerant, promoter including alumina and potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fused iron catalyst is prepared by using iron steel industrial waste sludge as a raw material, then adding accelerator preparation and promoter of cobalt oxide, aluminum oxide or potassium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The MgO-Al2O3 spinel carrier comprises 30-80 wt.% Al2O3, 10-40 wt.% MgO, 1-50 wt.% nickel oxide , and 0.1-5 wt.% La2O3 and/or CeO2, preferably 46-65 wt.% Al2O3, 18-29 wt.% MgO, 12-26 wt.% nickel oxide, and 0.1-2.5 wt.% La2O3 and/or CeO2. The MgO-Al2O3 spinel and TiO2 inorganic oxide carrier composite comprises 45-80 wt.% Al2O3, 3-30 wt.% TiO2, 1-50 wt.% nickel oxide , and 0.1-5 wt.% La2O3 and/or CeO2, preferably 56-70 wt.% Al2O3, 7-12 wt.% TiO2, 16-26 wt.% nickel oxide, and 0.5-2.5 wt.% La2O3 and/or CeO2. Preferred Method: The first step process is carried out by drying at 100-150 degrees C for 3-5 hours and roasting for 2-3 hours. The fourth step is carried out by drying at 100-150 degrees C for 3 hours and calcining at 560-760 degrees C for 2-3 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molding additive is Sesbania cannabina powder. The adhesive solvent is citric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Cathode electrode is a circular inert electrode coated with titanium base made of platinum oxide, and anode electrode is an inert electrode made of graphite electrode, activated carbon, or carbonaceous material. Preferred Parameters: Water-permeable film is hydrophobic circular plane ultra-filtration film with average aperture size of 0.01-0.05 mu m and is single layer or multilayer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The sulfonating agent is sulfur dioxide or sulfurous acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding filtrate with urea and triethanolamine and uniformly stirring to obtain the finished product. The papermaking waste liquid is subjected to sulfonation treatment using a sulfonating agent. The anaerobic fermentation is carried out for 10-20 days at 35-45 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the waste water used is industrial wastewater and livestock and poultry cultivation waste water, landfill leachate or sludge fermentation broth. In the step (i), the 2 reflux water inlets are distributes on two sides of the feed tube. Preferred Method: The method comprises dosing phosphate in a concentration so as to adjust within the range, when phosphate-phosphorus concentration is insufficient.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The AMD ecological restoration process comprises purifying the desired microorganism directly from the polluted water bodies to get acclimated sludge, where the sludge has rich organic matter and mineral nutrients to maintain the growth and activity of the microorganisms. Preferred Components: The sludge has a redox potential of -100 mv or less. The floating bed plants are cattail plants, or cattail plant with vetiver, ryegrass, Bidens or philoxeroides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Catalyst solution is selected from ferrous sulfate solution or ferric oxide solution. Preferred Condition: Biosolid is dried at 60-110 degrees C for 2-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Crushing is done to particle size of 300 plus minus 25 mm. Preferred Components: Nitrogen fertilizer contains 32-38 wt.% nitrogen. Phosphate fertilizer comprises 42-45 wt.% phosphorus. Potash fertilizer comprises 52 wt.% potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Base material is crop straw and/or animal feces. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of forest felling residue fermentation product and special composite fertilizer is 7-9:1-3. The animal manure is pig manure and/or cow dung. The forest felling residue is crushed into 80-180 mesh powder. The weight ratio of forest felling residue, water and pig manure is 10-15:15-25:1-3. Preferred Method: Fermentation is performed at 65-75 degrees C for 6-8 days, 50-60 degrees C for 10-15 days and maturing at room temperature for 65-85 days. The second step further comprises compressing into blocks at a compression ratio of 8-5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Seed liquid is prepared by inoculating strain to inclined plane culture medium, and then kept them in shaking flask, where temperature is 30-32 degrees C and culture period is 1-2 days. Culture condition for shaking flask to obtain seed liquid is taking 300 ml culture medium in a 1000 ml triangular bottle, and then rotating the bottle wit 120-150rotations per minute speed, where temperature is maintained to 30-32 degrees C for 24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Green Trichoderma viride strain is obtained from China microorganism strain preservation management center, preservation number of Trichoderma viride strain is 3.2942. Shaking flask culture medium comprises (in pts.wt.): potato (2.0-2.2), glucose (0.2-0.5) and agar (1.8-2.2), where pH is 7.0-7.5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Protein raw material is earthworm, feather, animal hoof, fish and shrimp. Biological glue is Arabic glue, algin or carrageenan, preferably Arabic glue. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Green manure comprises mung bean, broad bean, alfalfa, spinach and water hyacinth. Biological fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): polyurethane acrylic ester (50-60), ethyl acrylate (20-30), chlorinated paraffin (20-22), cross-linking agent (1-2) and calcium carbonate (2-4). Complex biological agents comprises Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, silicate bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The temperature of methanol is more than 0-10 degrees C, preferably 0-8 degrees C. The reaction process tail gas comprises 4-6% methane, 35-45% carbon monoxide, 10-20% carbon dioxide, and 20-30% methyl iodide. The distillation process tail gas comprises 5-10% methane, 30-40% carbon monoxide, 25-15% carbon dioxide, and 20-30% methyl iodide. The useful component is methyl iodide. Preferred Method: The reaction process tail gas pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa. The distillation process tail gas pressure is 0.1-0.2 MPa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The tail gas absorption column is filler absorption column. The pressure of tail gas absorption column is 0.1-0.5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reaction system is methanol synthesis system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base is inorganic acid salt or hydroxide of alkali metal, chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, preferably sodium carbonate. Alkali hydrolysis is carried out using aqueous solution of alkali metal salt or alkali hydroxide, preferably sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide. The moisture is controlled to 0-50 wt.%, preferably 0-30 wt.% during recovery of solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is organic carboxylic acid chosen from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, preferably acetic acid. The molar ratio of solvent and p-methoxytoluene is 1-50:1, preferably 5-15:1. The catalyst (c1) is transition metal salt comprising cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, nickel acetate, cerium acetate, chromium acetate, zinc acetate, iron acetate, copper acetate, cobalt nitrate, manganese nitrate, copper nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, cobalt acetylacetonate, ferric acetylacetonate, cobalt stearate, manganese stearate, cobalt naphthenate, palladium acetate and/or palladium chloride, preferably manganese acetate, chromium acetate, cerium acetate, palladium acetate, iron acetate and/or copper acetate. The molar ratio of catalyst and p-methoxytoluene is 0.1-2:1, preferably 0.2-1. The molar ratio of base and p-methoxytoluene is 0.01-1:1, preferably 0.1-0.3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic salt is ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, or ammonium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chromatographic separation is carried out using strong acid cation resin, ammonium cation resin, weak acid cation resin, sodium cation resin, or potassium cation exchange resin. The production of L-carnitine and inorganic salt is carried out by adding carnitine and inorganic salt-containing carnitine with deionized water to obtain 1-40 wt.% aqueous solution, adjusting pH value to 3-8 at 0-100 degrees C, eluting to0-80 degrees C through chromatographic column with chromatographic medium using water as eluent at ratio of 1:1-1:50 at feeding dosage of 0.05-4.5 BV and mass concentration of 1-40 wt.%, and at eluting flow speed of 0.1-6 BV/hour, and collecting eluent and residual liquid as L-carnitine and inorganic salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution used in dropping process is 10-14 wt.%, preferably 12 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: Dropping time is 2-2.5 hours. Preferred Processes: Concentration of NaOH aqueous solution is controlled to 8-16 wt.%. Tiopronin intermediate alpha -chloropropionylglycine is prepared by dropping alpha -chloropropionyl chloride and NaOH aqueous solution for 1.5-3 hours, controlling pH of solution to 1-2 using hydrochloric acid, cooling, and separating crystal. Dropping process includes controlling dropping temperature to - 5-5 degrees C. Addition of NaOH is performed at controlled dropping temperature of - 5-5 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of (trifluoromethoxy)aniline, sodium hydroxide, methyl chloroformate, alkali and triphosgene is 1:1.5-3:1.8-2.5:2-5:3-5. The alkali is mixture of potassium methoxide and potassium hydroxide in the molar ratio of 3-5:1. ACTIVITY - Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid binding agent is triethylamine, diisopropylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethyl ethyl amine, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, dioxane, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethyl formamide, methanol, or ethanol. Weight ratio escitalopram oxalate:hydrogen peroxide:acid binding agent:solvent is 1:(1-30):(1-6):(2-40). Weight ratio saturated sodium carbonate solution:ethyl acetate is 1:(4-20). Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature and reaction time are 20-60 degrees C and 2-48 hours, respectively. Preferred Processes: Method is performed by adding saturated sodium carbonate solution in hydrolyzed material, extracting aqueous phase using ethyl acetate, drying organic phase over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is made of silica supported phosphotungstic acid. The peroxide is hydrogen peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is a self-reducing ability and good stability thiourea dioxide. The chiral carboxylic acid is L-mandelic acid, L-tartaric acid or L-lactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The extracting agent is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and/or potassium carbonate. The amount of extracting agent is 2-8 wt.% based on amount of the raw materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The humic acid-containing raw material contains lignite, weathered lignite coal and weathered coal, and has 60-mesh-fineness material content of less than 10%, humic acid content of 60% or more, free humic acid content of more than 80%, calcium and magnesium ion content of less than 2%, ash content of less than 40%, and moisture content of less than 30%. Preferred Process: After pressurizing process, the resultant product is dehumidified for 2-8 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed refrigerant contains 20-40 wt.% ethylene (R1150), 20-30 wt.% propane (R290) and/or 40-50 wt.% 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon dioxide/propane mixed refrigerant contains 20-60 %mass propane. The carbon dioxide/cyclopropane mixed refrigerant contains 1-30 %mass cyclopropane. The carbon dioxide/propyne mixed refrigerant contains 1-30 %mass propyne. The carbon dioxide/butane mixed refrigerant contains 1-30 %mass butane. The carbon dioxide/isobutane mixed refrigerant contains 1-30 %mass isobutane. The carbon dioxide/maleic anhydride mixed refrigerant contains 1-30 %mass maleic anhydride. The carbon dioxide/trans-butene mixed refrigerant contains 1-30 %mass trans-butene. The carbon dioxide/cyclopentane mixed refrigerant contains 1-30 %mass cyclopentane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is n-heptane or 7+C alkane, where the 7+C hydrocarbon is n-paraffins or branched or chain alkanes, or alkane mixture, and alkane mixture is gasoline or kerosene or diesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Compositions: Nano-synergistic agent is zinc-tin alloy nano-synergistic agent in which ratio of zinc and tin is 1:4-3:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Methanol is industrial raw alcohol or fine alcohol with concentration of 80-99.9%. Plant alcohol is lignin which is obtained by performing catalytic filtration in high pressure container at 300 degrees C and pressure of 6 MPa. Stabilizer is cyclopentadienyl iron and dimethyl ketone in which ratio of cyclopentadienyl iron and dimethyl ketone is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Wood material is wood scrap material, wood waste, and/or wood processing-produced sawdust. Crop straw is wheat straw pole, corn straw, Sorghum straw, and/or cotton pole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Biomass carbon powder has water content of 10-16 wt.%. Crushed municipal organic solid waste powder has water content of 5-15 wt.%. Coal powder has water content of 2-10 wt.%. Preferred Parameters: Biomass carbon powder has particle diameter of less than or equal to 2 mm. Crushed municipal organic solid waste has particle diameter of less than or equal to 3 mm. Coal powder has particle diameter of less than or equal to 2 mm. Preferred Processes: Coal powder is obtained by crushing raw coal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Biomass polyester has thickness of 10-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Conditions: Pseudomonas stutzeri desulfurization time is 15-25 days and Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus thermophilus mixed bacterial liquid desulfurization time is 10-20 days. Desulfurization stirring speed is 100-500 rpm. Preferred Compositions: Desulfurization bacteria concentration is 2x 105-2x 107 cells/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves selecting agricultural species breeding area, constructing in situ biological reactor for cultivating high quality Chlorella sp. based on size of area, where the reactor consists of aquaculture production pipeline, culture liquid and algae species composition, allowing the Chlorella sp. to breed for 3-7 days and processing into cultivation liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The nutrition solution comprises 2% glucose, 10% potato, 0.5% manganese sulfate, 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0.1% calcium chloride, 0.1% ferrous sulfate, and water (remainder), and has pH of 7.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Metal raw material has purity of greater than or equal to 99.5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Compositions: Ratio of x, y, and z is 2:0.5:2. Amount of magnesium and yttrium is increased to 5-10 wt.%. Preferred Conditions: Ball milling time is 3 hours and stopping every 1 hour to prevent overheating of ball milling tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The modified crop straw is prepared by (a) crushing the crop straw, adding 2-3% ammonium molybdate, 1-2% manganese sulfate, 1-2% nanocarbon, 30-40% clay, 2-3% turpentine and 1-2 times water to crushed product, mixing obtained product, drying product under sun for 7-8 days, and crushing dried product, and (b) adding crushed product to 10-15% methyl methacrylate, drying obtained product, and grinding dried product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (3) comprises paving the mixed filler to 3-5 cm on the palm leather planted groove as bottom filling, placing the Chinese yam shavings as a bottom filling, planting Chinese yam seed head away from a upper end of the planting groove, where distance between the upper seed head to the planting groove upper end is 15-20 cm. The biological organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing 5-10 pts. wt. straw, 30-50 pts. wt. animal manure and 10-20 pts. wt. Parker peanut, inoculating plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, then performing aerobic fermentation process, and low-temperature drying the fermentation product. Preferred Components: The nano-selenium biological organic fertilizer includes 90-100 pts. wt. biological organic fertilizer and 0.8-1 pts. wt. nano-selenium powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The planting groove is divided into 2-5 U type grooves having width of 10-15 cm using a clapboard. The distance between each U type groove is 5-10 cm. The clapboard is made by a mesh material. The distance between the upper end of upper layer filling and the upper end of the planting groove is 8-12 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Probiotic bacteria is Lactobacillus or Bacillus subtilis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Padding is wheat bran, sawdust or cottonseed.
ACTIVITY - Fungicide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carrier contains molecular sieve and/or metal oxide or composite metal oxide, and rare earth metal. The content of carrier with respect to the catalyst is 30-80 %mass. The metal oxide is zinc oxide, cerium(IV) oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, zinc-aluminum oxide, aluminum oxide, gallium oxide, lead oxide, copper oxide, bismuth oxide, titanium oxide and/or zirconium oxide. The content of rare earth metal with respect to the catalyst is 0-10 %mass. The redox active component is carbon-based active component containing alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal, carbon dioxide active component and carbon dioxide-depleted metal oxide. The content of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal in the catalyst is 8-28 %mass and 0-10 %mass, respectively. The carbon dioxide active component is transition metal oxide. The content of carbon dioxide active component and carbon dioxide-depleted metal oxide in the catalyst is 0-40 %mass and 0-40 %mass, respectively. The carbon dioxide-depleted metal oxide is tin oxide, lead oxide or bismuth oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in pts.wt.): aerobic compost (60-85), composite soil (16-20), water retention agent (5-15), nitrogenous fertilizer (0-10), phosphate fertilizer (0-5), potash fertilizer (0-15) and trace element fertilizer (0-5). Preferred Components: Soil microbial composite contains phosphorus bacteria, solution of potassium bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma and enzymes. Water retention agent is selected from hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polypropylene potassium or ammonium polyacrylate. Nitrogen fertilizer is urea, ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate. Phosphate fertilizer is mono ammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate or rock phosphate. Potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, potassium chloride or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Trace element fertilizer is magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, boric acid, ferric salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate or zinc sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Bioorganic fertilizer composition comprises (in wt.%): fermented chicken manure (88), bentonite (10) and humic acid (2). Bioorganic fertilizer composition also comprises (in wt.%): fermented chicken manure (80-90, particularly 90), bentonite (6-10, particularly 6) and sawdust (4-10, particularly 4). Preferred Process: Bioorganic fertilizer composition is prepared by mixing fermented chicken manure, sawdust and humic acid uniformly. The obtained material is fermenteed at 50-70 degrees C for 7 days, and then fermented at 35-50 degrees C for 18-25 days. The obtained fermented material is performed for secondary fermentation at 40-50 degrees C for 7-10 days. The obtained material is mixed uniformly, and then granulated the obtained material. The obtained granules are dried to obtain granular organic biological fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Raw water, tar and carbon monoxide gas are discharged, during carbonization process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite biomass liquid fuel comprises 5-8% of additive main raw material, methanol (5-10%), alcohol (40-50%), excessive potassium (30-40%), China wood oil (10-20%), camphor (0.1-0.2%), acetone (0.1-0.2%), hydrogen peroxide (0.1-0.2%), and ferrocene (0.1-0.2%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is hydrochloric acid, and/or acetic acid. The alkaline reagent is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and/or potassium bicarbonate. The chitosan is chitin of shrimp, crab and/or fly.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The calcium salt is calcium chloride, calcium acetate, calcium carbonate, calcium lactate, calcium malate and/or calcium citrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The waste gas treatment device further comprises the air heat exchanger, the air blower and the steam flow meter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The steam used in step (c) is purged at vapor pressure of 0.4-0.5 Mpa. After the step (c), the steam is used to purge the air through the heat exchanger and the air blower by the introduction of the air into the air heat exchanger and adjusting the steam flow rate in the activated carbon adsorption tank to 1.36-3.12 time/hour through the steam flow meter. After separation, the isopropylbenzene is distillated through a distillation column and then recycled.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is dimethylacetamide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Polyvinyl acetate is of formula: -(CH2-CH(-O-C(=O)-CH3))n- (I). The polyether-b-polyamide is block copolymer of formula: (HO-(C=O)-PA-C(=O)-O-PE-O)n- (II). The content of polyvinyl acetate is 5-50 %mass of blend film. The content of Pebax (RTM: polyether-b-polyamide) is 0.1-8 %mass.PA=amide segment having molecular weight of 300-15000, preferably nylon-6, nylon-11 or nylon 12;PE=polyether segment having molecular weight of 200-6000, preferably polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or polybutylene;andn=not defined.N.B: n is not defined. Preferred Property: Polyvinyl acetate has molecular weight of 980-585000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of primary portion, secondary portion and tertiary portion of the reaction product is 35-45 parts mass, 35-50 parts mass and 20-30 parts mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase transfer catalyst is triethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inorganic alkali is caustic soda and sodium carbonate mixture at 8-9:20 mass ratio. The cooling step is conducted at - 7 to - 8 degrees C. The reaction step is conducted at 9-10 degrees C. The concentrated acid solution is 12 mol/L concentrated hydrochloric acid solution or 6 mol/L sulfuric acid solution. The diluted acid solution is 0.2 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution or 0.1 mol/L dilute sulfuric acid solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The acidification tank is mounted at a height of about 1500 mm from a cement pedestal, where the bottom of the away from the pedestal is 1000 mm. A feed port is set on the lower side part of the tank body. The upper part of the tank body is set with three discharge ports at different heights, including top discharge pipe and the lower end is set with a feeding end. The tank is mounted at a height of about 500 mm from a cement pedestal, where the bottom of the away from the pedestal is 4000 mm, where inlet and outlet of the acidification tank are the same, and pumps the material towards up. The fermentation tank is set with a discharge opening connected to the acidification tank discharge port. The three discharge ports of the acidification tank are connected with the fermentation tank through one of the main feeding port. An electromagnetic valve is set on the discharge hole, where the electromagnetic valve when open forms a communicated system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial inoculum has a viable cell count of Bacillus safensis is (5-200)x 107 colony forming unit (CFU). The culture medium comprises at least one beef extract peptone culture medium, broth culture medium and Lysogeny broth culture medium. The culture medium contains 40-150 g/l of corn flour, 40-150 g/l of starch, 40-150 g/l of sucrose, 10-100 g/l of soybean oil, 0.5-8 g/l of sodium chloride, 0.5-5 g/l of calcium carbonate, 2-10 g/l of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1-10 g/l of ferrous sulfate. The microbial inoculum further comprises an inert solid carrier and binder. The inert solid carrier includes clay, silicon dioxide, diatomite, kaolin, attapulgite, montmorillonite, bentonite, talcum powder, white carbon black and calcium carbonate. The binder is maltose and/or dextrin. The inert solid carrier is present in an amount of 30-90 wt.%. The binder is present in an amount of 5-20 wt.%. The microorganism fertilizer further comprises phosphate, at least one bone powder, powdered rock phosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Coating part contains inorganic binder. Perovskite type oxide has a structure of formula La(1-x)SrxAlO3. Perovskite type oxide carries noble metal chosen from platinum, gold, palladium and rhodium. Inorganic substance is an alumina.x=0.05-0.4.Preferred Parameters: Average thickness of coating part is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm. Preferred Process: Perovskite type oxide which adheres to surface of core part is baked at less than or equal to 850 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Material of surface of base is iron, copper, carbon, zinc, mercury, or lead. Material of surface of protrusion part is platinum, iron, copper, carbon, zinc, or mercury.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The synthetic vilanterol intermediate is prepared by treating an acid compound of formula (III) in presence of a solvent to give corresponding salt. The formed corresponding salt crystals are separated.R1=methyl, methoxyl group or ester group;R2=phenyl or naphthyl group; andR3=hydrogen or amidogen protection base.Preferred Components: The acid is hydrochloric acid, carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid. The carboxylic acid is tartaric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, citric acid or benzoic acid. The sulfonic acid is naphthalenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid. The solvent is alcohol or water. The amidogen protection base is benzyl or benzyl oxygen analog base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises measuring the water content of the crushed mixture before the dehydration step. The dehydration step is carried out by: heating of the crushed mixture in an enclosure coupled to a dehumidifier at a temperature of 25-40 degrees C; and by heating the crushed mixture using a infra-red radiation heating unit, where the mixture is kept on moving belt in a tunnel with the heating unit whose temperature is 75-100 degrees C. The dehydrated mixture is compacted and formatted, where the compaction is carried out under a pressure of 150 bars. Preferred Components: The product is exclusively from components of soiled litters of animals and litters of wood residues, preferably wood of coniferous tree. The product comprises 60-90 mass%, preferably 90 mass% of wood and 10-40 mass%, preferably 10 mass% of dried material of animal manure. The product has residual water content of 5-15%, preferably 9-12%, and is in the form of logs, sticks, granulates or pastilles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises injecting the mitigant and biomass into the combustion region using the same or different injection units. The method comprises injecting the mitigant below, above or adjacent to the biomass. The method-1 further comprises: mixing the biomass and mitigant in a storage unit, during milling, prior to grinding and/or after grinding; and pelletizing the mixture of biomass and mitigant. Preferred Components: The biomass and mitigant are in pellet form. The mitigant comprises at least one of pulverized fuel ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, a crystalline material and an amorphous, glassy material. The mitigant comprises aerodynamic particles for capturing biomass ash in the combustion region and/or in the gas pass. The particles have a deformation temperature such that at least a part of a surface layer of the particles becomes viscous when the particles are located in the combustion region. The mitigant particles: have an average diameter greater than the average diameter of particles of the biomass ash; are configured to form friable slag deposits on surfaces in the furnace and/or friable fouling deposits on surfaces in the gas pass; are configured to scour surfaces in the furnace and/or the gas pass; and comprise sulfur for reacting with highly corrosive alkali metal chlorides of the biomass ash to form less corrosive sulfate salts. Preferred Components: The biomass combustion system comprises: one or more primary injection ports for injecting biomass into the combustion region and one or more secondary injection ports for injecting the mitigant into the combustion region; or one or more injection ports for injecting a mixture or compound comprising the biomass and the mitigant into the combustion region. The biomass combustion system further comprises one or more air lances for removing the friable slag and/or friable fouling deposits.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carbon-forming, non-melting binder is cellulose ether. The non-porous gel-type sulfonated polystyrene precursor is sulfonated polystyrene ion-exchange resin particles. The polystyrene contains 2-16 wt.% divinylbenzene crosslinking reagent. Preferred Properties: The particles have average diameter of 1-100 mu m. The micropores have average pore diameter of 0.38-0.45 nm. The pellet has greatest dimension of 1-5 mm and aspect ratio of 20:1-1:5. Preferred Conditions: The pyrolysis is carried out at 800-900 degrees C for 1-240 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Beside methanation stage the reactor also includes at least one stage in which the oxygen is removed in heterogeneously catalyzed reaction and the total product stream first is guided over this stage for oxygen removal and then over the methanation stage or the stage for oxygen removal is the methanation stage itself. In the stage for oxygen removal, palladium catalyst is used. The reaction in the stage for oxygen removal is carried out at 300-350 degrees C. In the methanation stage, nickel catalyst is used. Before the methanation stage, steam is mixed to the total product stream. Part of the stream exiting from methanation stage is recirculated and mixed to the total product stream before the methanation stage. The recirculated partial stream is compressed to the reaction pressure. Inside the reactor for methane conversion water is removed by condensation. Removal of oxygen and/or water is effected after the conversion to methane. Preferred Plant: Inside the reactor beside the methanation stage there is also provided at least one stage (33a) in which the oxygen is removed in heterogeneously catalyzed reaction. The stage for removing oxygen is arranged above the methanation stage and the conduit opens into the reactor above the stage for oxygen removal. At least one further reactor (40, 42) with further methanation stage is provided downstream of the reactor. The reactor contains the heterogeneous catalyst of the methanation stage and/or of the stage for oxygen removal as fixed bed or as coating of the walls.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oxidizing agent is selected from tert-butyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide and cumene hydro peroxide (preferably tert-butyl hydroperoxide). The oxidizing agent is 1-3 moles/mole of the compound (II) or its salt. The alcoholic solvent is methanol. The halogenated hydrocarbon solvent is dichloromethane (MDC). Preferred Method: In the process (P1), contacting of compound (VIII) is carried out at 25-50 degrees C. The reaction is carried out at 5-80 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Thrombolytic; Anticoagulant; Cardiant; Antianginal; Cerebroprotective; Vasotropic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - In flask, 15 g of 5-Chloro thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, 150 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 18 g of 1,1-carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) were stirred for about one hour. To this reaction mixture 12.5 g of 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), 40.3 gm of 4-(4-((5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)phenyl)morpholin-3-one were charged. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, and after workup 32 gm of 5-chloro-N-(((5S)-2-oxo-3-(4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide was obtained. Purity: 96.42% by HPLC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Anaerobic Poly-Phasic Bio- Digester: The interlocking loop comprises a cutter pump such that output of the pump in one the mixing tank is input for the pump in the other the mixing tank. The vessel is supported by at least one layer comprising of bricks, clay and a geomembrane forming an inner lining of the vessel. The anaerobic fermentation chambers are made of geomembrane sheets over the support structure and connected such that the digestate from one chamber is transferred to another, or put in or taken out of any chamber. The geomembrane and stretchable cover or balloon consists of material known in the state of the art. The system to support the balloon comprises vertical girders, metal wires and supporting tags. The unit for draining the spillage and rain water comprises drain channels all around the top of the vessel. The digester phase comprises a trapezoidal vessel with at least one anaerobic fermentation chambers. The digester is a hybrid of high solid and bi-phasic systems as known in the state of the art. Preferred Method: In the process of anaerobic poly-phasic digestion of multiple organic matter, the processing of feedstock comprises the following steps of: (a) feeding the content into a mixing tank with a submersible cutter pump which cuts the input material; (b) transferring contents obtained in step (d) to the mixing tank which can either have a cutter submersible, or a normal/submersible pump; (d) transferring contents obtained in step (b) back to the first tank; and (d) repeating steps (a) to (c) to allow greater hydrolysis of the feedstock and to obtain a homogenous slurry; where the steps are repeated to obtain a slurry of homogeneous consistency of particle size of 5-10 mm. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyhydric alcohol of component (A) is neopentyl glycol and/or trimethylolpropane. The polybasic acid of component (A) is adipic acid and/or sebacic acid. The monohydric alcohol of component (A) is 8-10C alcohol. The polyol ester is ester synthesized from neopentyl glycol and/or pentaerythritol, and 4-9C monobasic fatty acid. The monobasic fatty acid is 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Surfactant is added. Preferred Components: Biomass is derived from eucalyptus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Manufacture of solid fuel includes adding coagulation-sedimentation sludge produced by processing wastewater containing emulsion or latex to mixture of organic sludge with high water content, foodstuff waste material, and dry granulated material to improve cohesion of dry granulated material and improve water resistance and emitted heat amount of solid fuel. After mixing process, granulated solid fuel obtained by drying is returned and reused as granular dried material. Preferred Components: Granulated solid fuel is used as additive during solid fuel formation of another organic sludge with high water content.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: Coffee dregs, bran, rice bran, and dry soybean curd residue are used as foodstuff waste material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active element is chosen from iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, silver, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, zinc, mercury, lead, tin and bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of water and glycerol is 1-50, and the molar ratio of alkaline substance and glycerol is 0.2-20. Preferred Condition: The hydrothermal reaction is carried out at 200-260 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrogenation catalyst contains nickel and molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The gas used during the hydrogenation process is an off gas obtained from petroleum refinery or petrochemical facility.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Organic sludge fuel and slag making material are mixed to obtain mixture, and forming molded product by pressurizing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing 15-30 pts. wt. molasses, and 2-10 pts. wt. fermenting agent comprising lactic acid bacteria and yeast with 60-80 pts. wt. the crushed mixture, and fermenting mixture for 12-16 hours under anaerobic condition. The secondary fermentation step involves stirring the mixture for 1 time in month. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out in presence of base. Preferred Composition: The base is chosen from hydroxide, acetate, carbonate, bicarbonate and hydride of alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal, and tertiary amine, preferably alkali metal carbonate, alkaline-earth metal carbonate or tertiary amine, more preferably potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene. The content of reactants with respect to 1 g N-methyl pyrrolidinone solvent is 1-10 g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The concentration of the ethanol is 2-14 times with respect to rhizoma Dioscoreae nipponicae. The percolating extraction is performed for 3-14 hours. The concentration of the acetone is 3-8 times of column length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution. Salt slurry is added to mixer. The weight ratio of salt slurry and potassium feldspar is 0.001-0.5:1. The leaching solution is steamed ammonia waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The drying agent is anhydrous sodium sulfate or anhydrous calcium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is selected from toluene, dimethylformamide or ethyl acetate. Catalyst is selected from triethylamine hydrochloride, ammonium chloride or zinc chloride. Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of amide methyl ester, triethylamine hydrochloride and sodium azide is 1:0.4-0.8:0.2-0.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Candesartan cilexetil C6 is methyl ester of formula (I), ethyl ester of formula (II), or other ester. Mass ratio candesartan cilexetil C6:ammonium chloride:sodium azide is 1:0.1-0.2:0.15-0.3. Tetrazolium reaction solvent is toluene, dimethylformamide (DMF), or n-butanol, preferably toluene. Tetrazolium reaction inorganic ammonium salt is ammonium chloride, zinc chloride, ammonium bromide, or zinc bromide. Preferred Conditions: Tetrazolium reaction temperature is 90-130 degrees C. Extent of reaction is 30-50%. Preferred Processes: Lower carbon alcohol or lower carboxylic acid ester with methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, or acetate, preferably methanol is used in recovery of unreacted candesartan cilexetil C6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Molar ratio of mixing benzyl acetate, sodium iodide, and triphenylphosphine is 1:0.6:1.05:10-1:1:1.1:15. Molar ratio of mixing acetone, water, and dichloromethane is 0.5:1:0.5-4:1:3. Concentration of sodium hydroxide is 2-15 wt.%. Preferred Component: Alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. Preferred Conditions: pH of preparation process is maintained at 6.5-9, preferably 7-8. Reaction is carried out at 0-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heavy metal is cadmium, copper, and zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acidic catalyst is silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), diatomite, kaolin, or rare earth. Solid alkaline catalyst is calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or strontium oxide (SrO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Waste oil contains vegetable oil acid, erucic acid, arachidonic acid, and cottonseed acid. The VOC of paint exhaust gas contains alcohol, aromatic hydrocarbon, alkane, ester, and ether, and volume ratio alcohol:aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane:ester and ether is 20-40:20-40:10-30. Ester and ether are used as auxiliary agent in esterification reaction of alcohol and pretreated waste oil, mass ratio ester and ether:pretreated waste oil is 0.5-10:100, ester contains ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, and ether contains diethyl ether and propyl ether. Aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane are used as calorific value enhancer in refined biodiesel oil, mass ratio aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane:pretreated waste oil is 0.5-10:100, aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, toluene, dimethylbenzene, and/or trimethylbenzene, and alkane is 6-16 carbon alkane. Preferred Processes: Pretreatment is performed by stirring waste oil, heating at 50-95 degrees C, cooling, discharging impurity, and filtering. Esterification reaction is performed by adding alcohol into pretreated waste oil with mass ratio of 10:100, and alcohol contains methanol and ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Emulsifying agent is polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, gum arabic, or benzene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Apparatus: The digester has a thread type plastic screw cap (4) that prevents damage of the box and stirrer while shaking process and leakage of biogas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Microorganisms: The Bacillus is Paenibacillus sp. XP1 strain (M2011120). The P.stutzeri is P.stutzeri XP2 strain (M2011431). The P.pseudoalcaligenes is P.pseudoalcaligenes CL-1 strain (M2012225). The P.oleovorans is P.oleovorans CL-3 strain (M2012226). Preferred Method: The wetland reinforcing method involves taking wetland with structure having 600-650 mm matrix and 450-500 mm diameter as base, installing 50 mm pipe at outlet of the base of matrix, where the outlet pipe is provided for controlling valves and outlet, fitting the matrix tube with level control and setting square base with water inlet tube, providing matrix sequentially from bottom to gravel layer, sand and soil layer, where the gravel layer is populated by 10-20 mm diameter made up of gravel with 250-300 mm thickness, sand layer comprises 1-2 mm diameter made up of sand filling with 50-100 mm thickness and soil layer comprises soil filling with 100-150 mm thickness and planted with reed. The wetland reinforcing method further involves planting reed seedlings in March in the artificial wetland system and irrigating with nutrient solution for every two days, watering plant after a month and changing water for every two days, treating sewage and changing water by processing sewage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - The step (b), involves regulating ultrasonic energy at a density of 1.06-1.16 W/ml, and performing ultrasonic pretreatment for 18-22 minutes. The step (b) involves adding acid solution to adjust pH of the pretreated kitchen garbage to 1.2-2.5, and performing acid treatment for 16-22 hours. The step (c), involves inoculating sludge having total solid (TS) content of 10000-15000 mg/l, volatile solid (VS) content of 8000-10000 mg/l, total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) of 10000-13000 mg/l, and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) of 500-600 mg/l. The ratio of the kitchen garbage and inoculated sludge in the step (c) is 2-10, preferably 7-9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The acid solution in the step (b) is 1 mol/l hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Organic waste is selected from kitchen waste or food materials. Anaerobic fermentation is performed at 10-65 degrees C for 5 hours and pH value is 5-11. Polyacrylamide, sodium hydroxide and ammonia water are utilized during anaerobic fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Recombinant vector is selected from pGAPZ B or pGAPZ C, PPIC9K or pPIC9. Target lipase is selected from Thermomyces ianuginosus, Candida rugosa, Candida antarctica, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus nudulans, Rhizopus oryzae, Yarrowia lipolylica, Geotrichum candidum or Rhizopus chinensis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The Geobacter sp. is G.metallireducens or G.sulfurreducens strain DL1. The Shewanella sp. is S.oneidensis strain MR-1. The raw material includes deposition sludge in rice field as inoculum, ferric oxide as electron acceptor, and sodium acetate as substrate, marine sediments as inoculum and sodium acetate as substrate, anaerobic deposition sludge as inoculum, ferric oxide as electron acceptor, and sodium acetate as substrate, or anaerobic deposition sludge as inoculum and glucose as substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Copper plating solution is selected from copper pyrophosphate solution or copper pyrophosphate solution with potassium pyrophosphate solution and ammonium citrate solution. Alkaline non-cyanide copper solution is selected from copper sulfate pentahydrate solution, or mixture of copper sulfate pentahydrate solution and biuret solution and sodium hydroxide solution. Copper acid plating solution is mix liquid of copper sulfate pentahydrate and boric acid. Sulphate or cobalt plating solution is selected from cobalt sulfate water solution or mix of cobalt sulfate water solution and triethanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sodium hydroxide aqueous solution has concentration of 2-5 %mass. The dilute acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and/or nitric acid aqueous solution. The concentration of dilute acid is 0.5-1.5 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of water-soluble phenolic resin is 35-37%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The raw material calcium salt is calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, calcium nitrate or calcium chloride; magnesium salt is magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, or magnesium sulfate. The mol ratio of calcium salt and magnesium salt is 0.2-5. The dispersant is polyethylene glycol, or isopropyl alcohol; the adding amount of dispersant is 1-10%; the precipitator is aqueous ammonia or sodium hydroxide. Preferred Method: The temperature of water bath is 30-70 degrees C; the stirring speed is 300-1000 revolutions/minute; stirring time is 1-30 minutes; the ultrasonic treatment time 1-60 minutes, the static (allowing to stand) and aging time is 10 minutes to 12 hours. The drying temperature is 50-80 degrees C, the drying time is 3-24 hours, sieving using 100-200 mesh sieve, calcining temperature is 500-900 degrees C, and the calcining time is 1-5 hours. In the biodiesel oil preparation, the oil used is palm oil, soybean oil, cotton seed oil, Jatropha curcas fruit oil, algal oil, or waste oil; the temperature of reaction is 120-260 degrees C, the reaction time is 1-8 hours; the methanol and oil mol ratio is (6-15):1, the mass percentage of oil is 0.5-5%, the stirring speed is 300-1000 revolutions/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 25 wt.% animal excrement, 25 wt.% corn stalks, 20 wt.% common mineral soil, 10 wt.% potato powder, 10 wt.% wheat bran, 2 wt.% chitosan, 2 wt.% magnesium sulfate, 2 wt.% salt, 2 wt.% biological enzyme, and 2 wt.% organic fertilizer fermenting agent. The weight ratio of the animal excrement and corn stalks is 1:1. The weight ratio of the enzyme and organic fertilizer fermenting agent is 1:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves adding 6-8% dextrin and spraying with 1-2% 4-5 mg/l resveratrol. The step (c) involves adding 20% white rot fungi culture liquid. The step (d) involves adding rapeseed cake powder having 10-50 meshes size to the culture material to obtain 2-5 %mass stack. The step (e) involves adding 6-7% complex microbial strains comprising cellulose-decomposing bacteria, efficient microbe and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in mass ratio of 9:5:1 to the obtained culture material and performing turning of culture material once every 2-5 days at aeration rate of 0.4-0.8 l/minute/kg. The step (f) is performed at aerobic conditions and controlled humidity. The method involves pre-composting obtained mixture at 28-37 degrees C and relative humidity of 75-80% and post-composting obtained mixture at 25-37 degrees C and relative humidity of 60-65%. The step (g) involves mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer with 0.5-0.8% granulating agent chosen from lactam polymer type binders to obtain product. Preferred Medium: In step (c), the culture medium comprises 28-42 g/l glucose, 4-6 g/l yeast, 9-11 g/l wheat bran, 0.4-0.6 g/l magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 2-3 g/l potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2-3 mg/l vitamin B1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base is solid sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The molar ratio of sulfuric acid and base is 0.9-2:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of hydroxylamine salt, base, organic carboxylic acid methyl ester and methanol is 0.9-1.2:1.6-2.5:1:16-24. The hydroxylamine salt is hydroxylamine hydrochloride or hydroxylamine sulfate. The organic carboxylic acid methyl ester is chosen from 22 compounds e.g. aminocaproic acid, heptanoic acid, azelaic acid, capric acid and undecanoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 22-30 degrees C. Preferred Components: The plant fiber auxiliary material is rice straw powder, corn straw powder, wheat straw powder, rice bran powder, rice husk powder and/or corn core powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide of nitrogen is nitrite or nitrate, and oxide of sulfur is sulfur oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Medium: The pH of the culture medium is 6-8. The culture medium comprises 0.5-1.5 %mass sucrose, 0.01-0.1 %mass potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.005-0.05 %mass ammonium sulfate, 0.05-0.15 %mass peptone, 0.05-0.15 %mass calcium carbonate, 0.01-0.1 %mass yeast extract, 1-3 %mass agar, and water (remainder).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves adding 50-100 g microbial culture per ton of sewage. The filter material is biological filter material or inorganic filter material. The biological filter material is made of volcanic rock or ceramsite. The inorganic filter material is made of gravel, pebble, slag, coke or zeolite. The method involves filling in the culture tank from bottom to top, and spraying culture medium per 4-6 hours to realize a culture growth. The method involves providing Bacillus at 18-30 degrees C under the humidity of 90-100% and culturing for 7-10 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The ultrasonic treatment is performed at 28-40 kHz and 0.25-1.0 kW/l. The fermentation is performed at 37 degrees C for 6-8 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The biological humic acid is prepared by mixing brilliant green bile (BGB) bacterial culture with filter mud and bagasse and culturing the bacteria at high temperature under aerobic fermentation condition. The fermentation is carried out at 55-70 degrees C, preferably 60-65 degrees C for 8-10 hours. The BGB bacterial culture is added in an amount of 1-3 g/kg, preferably 1.4-1.7 g/kg of filter mud. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of filter mud and bagasse is 7-10:1-3, preferably 8-9:1-2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (c) further involves adding 5-10 pts. wt. flue-cured tobacco and 15-30 pts. wt. cassava alcoholic residue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The cultivation base material comprises 3-15 mm corn core having 10-20 wt.% water content. The composition comprises 3000-4000 pts. wt. dried bean residue, 800-1500 pts. wt. corn core, 50-150 pts. wt. lime powder, 100-100 pts. wt. lime, 40- 60 pts. wt. gypsum powder, 40-60 pts. wt. light calcium carbonate, and 1-30 pts. wt. fertilizer composition comprising 15-18 %mass mixture comprising nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide. Preferred Method: The method involves using 0.5-5 wt.% hydrochloric acid solution. The soybean residue has water content less than 40%. In step (c), the method involves adjusting pH value of the mixture by spraying 0.5-2 wt.% disinfectant on the plant, adjusting water content of the culture base material at 65-70 degrees C, spraying 8-12 wt.% lime powder to the mixture, uniformly spraying 0.5-2 wt.% disinfectant on the sprayed mixture, adjusting pH value of the culture base material to 8-9, and reducing the base material to 28 degrees C. The method involves controlling temperature at 15-28 degrees C, controlling humidity to 70% or less, ventilating the mixture, preventing pest and bacteria contamination and covering the mycelium of the Coprinus, and cooking the mycelium at 8-26 degrees C for 15-25 days until the surface turns white to gray color.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali is chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and potassium tert-butoxide. Reducing agent is used during preparation of hydroxy compound (VI). The reducing agent is chosen from potassium borohydride, sodium borohydride and lithium aluminum hydride. Catalyst is used during hydrogenation reaction. The catalyst comprises palladium and/or palladium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (A) is chosen from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol. The mass ratio of solvent (A) and compound (II) is 1:1-15:1. The mass ratio of compound (II) and alkali is 1:1-5:1. The solvent (B) is chosen from methylene chloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. The chlorinating agent is chosen from thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride and N-chlorosuccinimide. The mass ratio of solvent (B) and compound (III) is 1:1-15:1. The mass ratio of chlorinating agent and compound (III) is 1:1-5:1. Solvent (a), solvent (b) and strong base are further used during preparation of intermediate compound (IV). The solvent (a) and solvent (b) are chosen from methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene and N,N-dimethylformamide. The strong base is chosen from sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide and sodium hydride. The mass ratio of solvent (a) and compound (IV) is 1:1-15:1. The mass ratio of solvent (b) and compound (IV) is 1:1-15:1. The mass ratio of strong base and compound (IV) is 1:1-5:1. The mass ratio solvent and compound (V) is 1:1-15:1. The mass ratio of reducing agent and compound (V) is 1:1-8:1. The mass ratio of solvent and compound (VI) is 1:1-15:1. The mass ratio of solvent and compound (VI) is 1:1-15:1. The mass ratio of catalyst and compound (VI) is 1:0.01-0.1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer comprises (in parts): livestock manure (1000-1500, particularly 1500-2000), plant ash (500-1000, particularly 800-1000), inorganic phosphate (20-35), potassium fertilizer (20-30), nitrogen fertilizer (15-30), urea (20-30), superphosphate (100-120) and potassium sulfate (30-40).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Composition: The cultivating material comprises 50-55 wt.% water, 56-60 wt.% mulberry branch cuttings, 30-40 wt.% sawdust, 6-10 wt.% wheat bran, 1-2 wt.% gypsum and/or 1-2 wt.% lime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Additive comprises (in %): loess (10), clay (6) and sheep (10). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (v), 80-150 mol hydrochloric acid and 70-100 mol alkaline carbonate is added to each 1000 kg fermented product. The filter residue of the step (vi) is used as a feed additive or a fertilizer. The feed additive is obtained by drying the filter residue. In the step (vii), lignin is used as a liquid fuel. The step (vii) further comprises: preparing lignin liquid at 111-125 degrees C, drying for 1.5-3 hours to obtain a carbonized product, mixing the carbonized product with zinc chloride mix to perform carbonization reaction at 300-700 degrees C for 60-120 minutes, lowering inert gas protection, cooling the product and washing to neutral to obtain activated carbon. The carbonization reaction comprises heating at a rate of 5-8 degrees C/minute, raising the temperature to 300-700 degrees C for 60-120 minutes. The residue obtained in the production of activated carbon was subjected to the thermal processing and compression to obtain a biomass carbon fertilizer. Preferred Components: The alkaline carbonate is sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. The inert gas is nitrogen and argon gas. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The colloidal agent is Aloe vera gel. The yeast is alginate yeast.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon dioxide trapping agent comprises 34 mass% of microalgae, 1 mass% of colloidal agent, 1 mass% of water absorbing agent, 6 mass% of yeast and 58 mass% of water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water absorbing agent is konjac polysaccharide-graft-acrylic acid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkaline compound is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or triethylamine. In the mixed solution, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, citrate monohydrate, and alkaline compound mol ratio is 1-4:1-3:2-5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is ethanol, dichloroethane or dichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Deodorant is prepared by collecting soil samples from different ecological environments, separating deodorizing microorganisms, purifying, identifying, screening to obtain nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and phosphorus bacteria, fermenting to obtain composite deodorizing microorganisms, preparing microorganism growth promoter, and mixing with composite deodorizing microorganisms. Preferred Compositions: Deodorizing microorganism screening medium comprises 10-20 pts. wt. glucose, 5-10 pts. wt. peptone, 2-3.5 pts. wt. yeast extract, 1 pt. wt. magnesium sulfate, 1 pt. wt. dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 pts. wt. sodium chloride, 15-20 pts. wt. agar, and 1000 pts. wt. water. Composite deodorizing microorganism fermentation medium comprises 5-10 pts. wt. glucose, 10-20 pts. wt. urea, 2-3.5 pts. wt. corn steep liquor, 1 pt. wt. magnesium sulfate, 1 pt. wt. dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 pts. wt. sodium chloride, 2 pts. wt. calcium carbonate, 0.02 pt. wt. ferrous sulfate, 0.02 pt. wt. manganese sulfate, and 1000 pts. wt. water. Preferred Conditions: Screening is performed at 30 degrees C for 12-48 hours. Fermentation is performed at 25-35 degrees C with fermentation liquid inoculation amount of 10-15%, pH of 6-7.5, ventilation rate of 0.5-1 vvm, and stirring speed of 120-160 rpm for 24-36 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: Microbial flora is injected for processing carbohydrate or starch enriched garbage, where the secreted enzyme by the microflora degrades carbohydrate or starch enriched garbage. The microflora is bacterial or fungal in nature, which degrades pectin and a polysaccharide. Preferred Components: The alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The dewatering is carried out until moisture content is less than 60%. The heating is carried out at 40-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The biological organic fertilizer comprises 80-85 wt.% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 3-8 wt.% zinc sulfate, and 7-17 wt.% wheat straw organic fertilizer. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer has weight ratio of 15:22:19 respectively. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer comprises diammonium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Microbial fertilizer comprises (in kilograms): biological carbon (600-800, particularly 700), mixed bacteria solution (25-35, particularly 30), chitosan hydrolyzate (63-68, particularly 66), animal blood hydrolyzate (32-36, particularly 34), urea (45-55, particularly 50), monoammonium phosphate (45-55, particularly 50), potassium sulfate (45-55, particularly 50) and composite microelement (18-22, particularly 20). Composite microelement comprises ferrous sulfate, boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and ammonium formate. Preferred Process: Biological carbon is prepared by drying cotton pole, vegetable pole, wood branch and melon seedling in carbide furnace at 420-480 degrees C for 2.5-3.5 hours, where obtained dried material is cooled to room temperature and then crushed to obtain biological carbon. Mixed bacterial solution is prepared by utilizing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain, Bacillus subtilis strain, Bacillus licheniformis strain, Bacillus thuringiensis strain, Bacillus mucilaginosus strain, soybean powder, molasses, glucose, soybean powder, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, yeast extract, magnesium sulfate, starch, corn starch, potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, urea, beef extract, zinc sulfate, peptone, beef extract and calcium carbonate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Biological agent is selected from yeast, Actinomycetes, Streptomyces griseus or soil yeast. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The biological drying of farm cultivation manure is carried out by collecting manures with moisture content of 60-85%, mixing with auxiliary material, feeding into biological drying system, automatically distributing through automatic batching system, installing aeration system on bottom part to carry out endogenous reaction and generate heat to carry out uniformly heating mixture, installing ventilation system on top part to evaporate water vapor, and discharging water vapor to carry out air purification; and continuously heating mixture, ventilating, and repeating steps until drying standard is achieved.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The auxiliary material is enzyme.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The acidic soil conditioning agent comprises plant ash, shell powder and stone powder according to a weight ratio of 5:4:1. The shell powder is oyster shell powder, fan shell powder and/or clam shell powder. The plant ash is apple wood ash. Preferred Method: In step (2), the shell and stone are crushed into size of 60 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite solid fuel comprises 70-80 wt.% of anthracite, 18.5-24.5 wt.% of biomass and 1.5-5.5 wt.% of auxiliary agent. Preferred Components: The biomass is straw. The amount of anthracite is greater than or equal to 7500 kcal/kg. The auxiliary agent is corn starch. The water is present in an amount of 10 wt.%. Preferred Method: The crushing step is carried out using a crusher provided with a bag-type dust removing device. The grinding step is carried out using a cordierite. The molding step is carried out using a rod.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises inoculating microorganisms into 250 ml of triangular bottle having 50 ml of culture medium, passing mixed gas of air and methane through vacuum pump, vacuumizing, centrifugation under a speed of 900 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes, collecting the cells, adjusting the pH value to 7 using 5 mmole/l of magnesium chloride, then washing the cell using 20 mmole/l of phosphate buffering liquid for 2 times, dispersing the cell without oxygen, sterilizing to obtain cell suspension and then inoculating into cathode chamber. Preferred Components: The inorganic salt culture medium component includes 0.5 g/l of ammonium chloride, 0.49 g/l of dipotassium phosphate, 0.40 g/l of potassium phosphate heptahydrate, 0.3 g/l of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.02 g/l of calcium chloride dihydrate, 1.6 g/l of potassium nitrate, 0.3 g/l of sodium chloride, 0.004 g/l of iron sulfate heptahydrate, 0.004 g/l of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.0004 g/l of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.00034 g/l of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.00024 g/l of sodium molybdate dihydrate. The pH value of inorganic salt culture medium is 7. The anode and cathode are carbon cloth, graphite, glassy carbon, active carbon or carbon fiber brush. The microorganism electrolytic cell has a cathode potential of -0.58-1.5 V (vs.NHE). The volume ratio of liquid to inoculum culture medium is 9:1. The active bacteria in methanol is methanol-adapted Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011. The microorganism electrolytic cell is organic glass, polyvinyl chloride, glass, carbon steel or concrete material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The ratio of dimethyl carbonate and chlorine gas is 1:1-1:5. Photoreaction is carried out using UV lamp of 265-385 nm and 40-100 W as light source, for 2-10 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The photoinitiator is azobisisobutyronitrile or benzoyl peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The catalyst is strongly acidic macroporous resin, sulfuric acid, or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Rectification process includes recovery of solvent and excess N,N-dialkyl ethanolamine and N,N-dialkylamine raw materials. Preferred Compositions: Product is bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether when N,N-dialkyl ethanolamine is N,N-dimethyl ethanolamine and N,N-dialkyl amine is dimethylamine, product is bis(2-diethylaminoethyl)ether when N,N-dialkyl ethanolamine is N,N-diethyl ethanolamine and N,N-dialkyl amine is diethylamine, product is bis(2-di-n-propyl aminoethyl)ether when N,N-dialkyl ethanolamine is N,N-di-n-propyl ethanolamine and N,N-dialkyl amine is di-n-propylamine, product is bis(2-diisopropyl aminoethy)ether when N,N-dialkyl ethanolamine is N,N-diisopropyl ethanolamine and N,N-dialkyl amine is diisopropylamine, and product is bis (2-di-n-butyl-aminoethyl)ether when N,N-dialkyl ethanolamine is N,N-di-n-butyl ethanolamine and N,N-dialkyl amine is di-n-butylamine. Catalyst is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide, or potassium ethoxide. Solvent is di-n-butyl ether, diisobutyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, or 1,4-dioxane. Mass ratio solvent:raw materials is 1-2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The amount of components in the step (iv) as follows: 98% mulberry branch debris, 1% pure quicklime and 1% edible corn flour. In the step (vii), the concentration of lime water used for disinfection is 3%. In the step (v), the amount of culture material added into the strain bag is 0.5 kg or 1 kg. The mulberry raw material is obtained from mulberry planting sericulture industry. Preferred Method: The culturing temperature is 10-25 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bottom of the soaking tank is provided with a drain hole inclined at an angle of 5 degrees .
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixing ratio of mixture is 1-75 %mass in incense stick solid content. The content of component (A) in the mixture is 1-65 %mass. The component (A) is coated of component (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae are Chlorella, preferably Chlorella sorokiniana. The nutrient deficiency factor is carbon source. Preferred Method: The method excludes the step of adding exogenous antioxidant to the dry biomass. The method for producing the biomass in heterotrophic conditions comprises carrying out first fermentation in batch mode and second fermentation in a fed-batch mode, which is translated, and continuously feeding the carbon source at a rate less than its rate of consumption by the microalgae when the carbon source is completely consumed by the microalgae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves collecting phosphorus from treated water using beta -belite. The phosphorus collected from treated water is combined with solid residue after carbonation process. The dephosphorization residue is crushed into particles with 2 mm size, where the carbonation process is performed simultaneously. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal ion is aluminum ion. The metal complex further contains an anionic ligand. Preferred Process: The separation method is a pressure-swing-adsorption method. Preferred Definitions:    A=phenylene of formula (a) or ethenylene of formula (b);and    R3-R8=optionally substituted alkyl, H, halo, alkoxy, formyl, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano, amino, monoalkyl amino, dialkylamino, or acylamino.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device comprises a movement transmitting system (3), two shaftless screws, and a cylinder located near an inner peripheral surface of the drum. The shaftless screws are carried by the drum and synchronized in rotation. An axis of rotation of the shaftless screws is eccentric to an axis of rotation of the drum. In stationary state, a rotational axis of the drum extends in a horizontal direction. The shaftless screws are located in the lower part of the drum to form structural elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves: an additional step of treating the biomass comprising the lignocellulosic materials with a chemical composition before the biomass is defibrated. The chemical is able to degrade lignin. The wood has a moisture content of at least 20% and is preheated to a temperature below 100 degrees C before treating the wood with CotA laccase. The wood is preheated to a temperature below the inactivation temperature of the CotA laccase. The treatment with CotA laccase is performed after a low energy mechanical treatment step before it is defibrated. The method further involves an impregnation step where the biomass comprising lignocellulosic material is contacted with a chemical composition or an enzyme before or after the biomass is contacted with the CotA laccase. The biomass comprises a lignocellulosic material is reject pulp. Preferred Components: The CotA laccase has a primary amino acid structure that is at least 60% identical to the sequence of COT1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO: 2). The bacterial laccase (CotA) is COT1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) or COT2 (SEQ ID NO: 2). The lignocellulosic material comprises or consists of wood. The wood is a wood chip. The wood is a destructured wood chip. The wood chips comprising the isolated CotA protein or the isolated nucleic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water is added to acetate to modify the pH value of acetate to 3, where the ratio of water and acetate is 1:5. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reduction process is performed using metal borohydride. The metal borohydride is lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The strong base is alkaline earth metal, alkali metal alkoxide or alkaline earth metal hydride, preferably sodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide or sodium hydride. The reduction reaction solvent is ethers or alcohol solvent, preferably tetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or t-butanol. The acid catalyst is sulfuric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The dehydration cyclization reaction solvent is toluene or xylene. ACTIVITY - Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves collecting organic acid produced during souring process. The step (c) involves adding 0.1-100 times of calcium salt to fermented material for aggregating surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The calcium salt is one or more chosen from calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonates. The surfactant is an anionic surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anionic surfactant is one or more chosen from sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium myristyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate and sodium stearyl sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The wooden fuel pellet comprises 0.1-2 wt.% oleic acid and 0.1-2 wt.% linoleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The method makes use of glucose or acetate as carbon source. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The pretreatment process maintains oxidation-reduction potential of the organic wastewater to more than -350 to 0 mV or less, where water obtained in biological treatment process does not returned to the pretreatment process. The method further involves subjecting the treated water to membrane separation process to separate solids and liquids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Parameters: Circulation ratio is 10-50. The pH of to-be-fermented liquid is 7-9. Temperature of to-be-fermented liquid is 30-60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a second bacteriophage that propagates in the metabolite-dependent bacterium. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further comprises exposing the selection medium to a mutagenic agent. Preferred Components: The metabolite-dependent bacterium produces an essential nutrient for the metabolite-producing bacterium. The metabolite is methanol. The metabolite-producing bacterium is an auxotroph that is an amino acid auxotroph. The bacteriophage is a Myoviridae, or a long-genome bacteriophage having a genome of at least 200 Kb. The mutagenic agent is a chemical mutagen or electromagnetic radiation. The target metabolite is methanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The variable slider comprises a guide plate inclined downward by a supporting shaft of zigzag state placed on one side of the fireproof structure, and a torsion spring to flexibly buffer the dropping volume by flexibly flowing along the vertical direction based on the weight the carbonized material and is combined with the supporting shaft. The system further comprises a collecting unit to collect and supply food, waste wood and carbonized material at the bottom of the each carbide processing unit, the waste wood supplying hopper and the food supplying hopper. The collecting unit is equipped with a duplex guide screw to collect and supply food, waste wood and carbonized material at the center of a central dropping blade piece. The carbide processing unit discharges smoke and odor of unburned material generated during the carbonization process of waste wood and food residue by completely combusting through the gas burner arranged on one side of a secondary combustion chamber. The food waste processing unit recycles the transported food waste by drying with heat and is connected to a supplying pipe to recover the heat in the secondary combustion chamber and the carbide processing unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The treating evaluated waste material comprises coating the treated material with the additive formulated for use with the selected waste material and soaking the sized waste material at at least 130 degrees F for at least one minute. The process further comprises: shredding the selected waste material to a uniform size of not greater than one half inch in diameter; and reducing the size of the waste material to not greater than one quarter inch in diameter. The process-2 further comprises: reducing the size of the waste material to not greater than one quarter inch in diameter; pressing the treated waste material into solid fuel formations; and coating the solid fuel formations with starch for product stabilization. Preferred Components: The emission sponge is present at 0.1-10 wt.% and the filler is present at 0.1-6 wt.%. The additive further comprises 0.1-50 wt.% of British thermal unit (BTU) modifier. The emission sponge comprises salt, sea salt, baking powder, calcium from sea shells, rice, rice by-product and/or their equivalents. The BTU modifier comprises steel slag, coal fines, iron powder and/or their equivalents. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Cardiant; Thrombolytic; Antiarteriosclerotic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The Lysinibacillus sp. FS1 is used for decolorizing dyes, where the strain is inoculated into a liquid culture medium at 30-37 degrees C for 10-24 hours. The liquid culture medium is applied to waste water treatment. The liquid culture medium comprises 2 g glucose, 1 g ammonium chloride, 0.5 g monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), 2 g dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), 0.01 g ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), 0.01 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O), 0.02 g calcium chloride (CaCl2), and water, where the medium has pH of 7.2. The dye is azo dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Membrane module uses modified hydrophilic polypropylene microporous membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Method involves taking 1-50% sulfuric acid solution, adding wood conditioning agent, soaking at 0-99 degrees C for 1-4320 minutes, taking out, and drying; or adjusting oxygen-acetylene torch temperature, baking wood surface without burning, and cooling.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Wood conditioning agent is sludge compost conditioning agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Agricultural microbial fertilizer further comprises straw powder, sludge source and cow manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The livestock manure comprises chicken manure and sheep manure at mixing ratio of 5:2. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Bacillus mucilaginosus has viable cell amount of 107-109 cfu/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Microelement additive is zinc sulfate, borax, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and calcium carbonate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Rhodobacter sphaeroides has viable cell amount of 107-109 cfu/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Microelement additive is zinc amino acid chelate, chromium picolinate and selenium yeast. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fertilizer further comprises 2-3 pts. wt. calcium lignosulfonate and 2-4 pts. wt. palygorskite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen source of compound fertilizer ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, or diammonium phosphate. The phosphorus source of compound fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The potassium source of compound fertilizer is potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tobacco straw biomass charcoal is prepared by pyrolyzing tobacco stem in muffle furnace at 380-450 for 2 hours, cooling, crushing to 0.5-2 mm meshes sieve, soaking in clean water for 3-6 hours, flushing with clean water for 1-3 times to remove ash and impurity, drying, and activating at 850-950 degrees C for 80-100 minutes under oxygen-free environment, where steam flow rate is 0.30-0.4 L/minute. The palygorskite is prepared by ultrasonic irradiating at 30-50 kHz for 2-4 minutes and granulating to 150-250 meshes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further comprises turning fermented mixture once for 2-4 days in fourth step; and adjusting pH value to 7-9 in fifth step.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1-2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrolysis reaction is carried out at 320 plus minus 5 degrees C and 20 plus minus 0.5 MPa for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The metal catalyst is copper-based loaded catalyst, co-precipitated catalyst, or catalyst that can also be doped with other metals including zinc, cobalt, manganese, iron, chromium, cerium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, or ruthenium, in which load catalyst carrier includes silica, alumina, diatomite, coprecipitation catalyst except for metal and carrier element. It can also contain other elements. The hydrogenation catalyst can be amorphous nickel alloy, Raney nickel, or nickel supported catalyst, or palladium, platinum, rhodium or ruthenium supported hydrogenation catalyst, in which catalyst amount used for hydroxyacetone is 0.1-100%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises preparing hydroxyacetone for glycerol aqueous solution optionally containing methanol and ethanol in hydrogen and/or nitrogen gas atmosphere temperature by certain temperature metal dehydration catalyst; or by reacting metal dehydration catalyst with pure glycerol, vacuum evaporating, and collecting material. The 2-amino propanol synthesis can be completed in kettle type intermittent ammoniation hydrogenation kettle with ammonia/hydroxyacetone ratio of not less than 1, hydrogen pressure of 0.1-15 MPa, reaction temperature at 20-150 degrees C, hydroxyacetone solution concentration of 1-95%, using organic solvents consisting of methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol. It can be carried out via fixed bed continuous ammoniation hydrogenation synthesis of 2-amino propanol using ammonia/hydroxyacetone ratio of not less than 1, hydrogen/hydroxyacetone ratio of not less than 3, hydrogen pressure of 0.1-15 MPa, hydroxyacetone solution concentration of 1-95%, using organic solvents consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and reaction temperature at 20-150 degrees C, in which hydroxyacetone liquid pumped into reactor has space velocity of 0.1-5.0/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dropping of 30-37 wt.% sodium carbonate solution is carried out for 5 hours. The addition of dry mixture is carried out for 2-5 hours. Preferred Components: The alkali is 2,4-toluene diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is water, alcohol, and/or ketone, preferably ketone. Recrystallizing solvent is alcohol and/or ketone, preferably methanol, ethanol, and/or acetone. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is room temperature to reflux temperature, preferably 20-60 degrees C. Reaction time is 5-30 hours, preferably 8-24 hours. Solvent recovery temperature is below boiling point of solvent, preferably less than or equal to 60 degrees C, and degree of vacuum is adjusted based on temperature to recover solvent. Recrystallization cooling temperature is less than or equal to 20 degrees C, preferably less than or equal to 5 degrees C. Vacuum drying temperature is 20-100 degrees C, preferably 60 degrees C, and degree of vacuum is adjusted based on temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Solid acid is cation resin, modified cationic resin, heteropolyacid, or superacid, preferably polystyrene sulfonic acid cation resin, perfluorinated sulfonic acid cationic resin, and composite sulfonic acid cation resin loaded with elements and compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Epimedium plant is Epimedium big leaves, Epimedium central leaves, Epimedium arrow leaves, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium koreanum nakai, Epimedium big flower, and/or Epimedium gland hair.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Macroporous absorption resin is sequentially eluted with 70-90% ethanol solution, 60-70% ethanol solution, and 50-60% ethanol solution. Icariin extract is centrifuged at 15000 rpm before performing elution with macroporous absorption resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weak alkaline solution is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The 4-androstenedione-diketone is mixed with weak alkaline solution of methanol, acetone cyanohydrin is added and cyanation reaction is performed, to obtain(2R,14R,15S)-14-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyl-5-oxotetracyclo(8.7.0.02.7.011.15)heptadec-6-ene-14-carbonitrile. The obtained compound is reacted with triethyl orthoformate and ethanol, and carbonyl group in the resultant compound is protected, to obtain (2R,14R,15S)-5-ethoxy-14-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo(8.7.0.02.7.011.15)heptadeca-5,7-diene-14-carbonitrile. The hydroxyl group of the obtained (2R,14R,15S)-5-ethoxy-14-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo(8.7.0.02.7.011.15)heptadeca-5,7-diene-14-carbonitrile is protected with vinyl butyl ether, Grignard reaction is carried out with methyl magnesium chloride and hydrolyzed. Preferred Conditions: The hydrolyzing reaction is performed at 40 plus minus 5 degrees C for more than 2 hours. The Grignard reaction is performed at 80 plus minus 5 degrees C for 15 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Dichloroketene-containing compound (9) is obtained by dropping thionyl chloride into glycolic acid-containing compound (8) at - 8 to - 2 degrees C for 1-2 hours, controlling reaction temperature for 5-6 hours, naturally warming to room temperature, slowly heating at 50-55 degrees C, reacting for 5-6 hours, cooling, distilling under vacuum condition, and collecting distillate in which molar ratio thionyl chloride:glycolic acid-containing compound (8) is 3:1. Pyridine is added into thionyl chloride and glycolic acid-containing compound (8). Chloroethanone-containing compound (10) is obtained by mixing glutamine, water, and toluene, cooling at 0-5 degrees C, adding sodium hydroxide solution, mixing chloropropionyl chloride and toluene mixed solution, dropping sodium hydroxide, maintaining pH to 10-11, performing primary reaction at 0-5 degrees C for 1 hour, performing secondary reaction at 10-15 degrees C for 2 hours, regulating pH to 1-2 using industrial salt and hydrochloric acid, precipitating white solid, cooling at less than or equal to 5 degrees C, filtering, and drying in which molar ratio glutamine:dichloroketene-containing compound (9) is 1:1. Ammonolysis reaction is performed by adding chloroethanone-containing compound (10) and ammonia water, reacting at 60-65 degrees C for 5-6 hours under pressure of 1-1.5 MPa, concentrating at 60-65 degrees C, precipitating white solid, slightly cooling, adding methanol to crystallize, and cooling with water at less than or equal to 10 degrees C. Preferred Compositions: Addition amount of ammonia is 0.8-1 time weight of chloroethanone-containing compound (10). Preferred Definitions:    R=Me.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Filter aid is perlite or diatomite, and addition amount of filter aid is 0.03-0.05 kg/L. Alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution, or diammonium hydrogen phosphate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, or glacial acetic. Aqueous acid solution is acetic acid solution having concentration of 0.5%. Volume ratio acetic acid:ethanol:water is 0.08:3:96.92.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Decoloring resin is LX-700 resin (RTM: Hydrocarbon resin), D290 resin (RTM: Strong alkaline macroporous resin), XDA-7 resin (RTM: Homopore decoloration resin), D301 resin (RTM: Durable macroporous weak base anion exchange resin), or HZ801 resin (RTM: Non-polar macroporous resin). Absorbing resin is D312 resin (RTM: Macroreticular absorbing resin), HZ813 resin (RTM: Non-polar macroporous resin), HZ816 resin (RTM: Non-polar macroporous resin), HZ818 resin (RTM: non-polar macroporous resin), or 700F resin (RTM: High temperature phthalonitrile resin). Chromatography medium is UniPS 30-300 (RTM: Polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene) or UniPS 40-300 (RTM: Polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Preferred Components: The acrylic acid has boiling point at 141.3 degrees C and a flash point of 54.5 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (b) comprises transferring crushed waste at a rate of 7-12 tons/hour, where the inner temperature of the drying furnace is 200-280 degrees C. The spiral stirrer in the steps (c), (d) and (e) is at a rotating speed of 15-30 revolutions/minute, where the waste is crushed to a granularity of 5-20 mm at an air pressure of 0.05-0.1 Mpa at a flow rate of 5-10 m3/hour. In the step (e), the flow rate of the high temperature gas is 5-10 m3/hour and the temperature is 200-300 degrees C. The pyrolysis process in the step (f) is carried out at 300-450 degrees C. The carbonization process in the step (g) is carried out at 800-1000 degrees C. Preferred Components: The hot air in the steps (c) and (d) are generated by a hot air source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Pretreatment of waste frying oil is performed by adding waste frying oil into container, heating at 100 degrees C, constantly stirring for 1-4 hours, pouring into separatory funnel, standing for 15-25 minutes, uniformly separating transparent waste frying oil, adding 18-20 pts. wt. uniformly transparent waste frying oil into container, adding 3-4 pts. wt. methanol into beaker, filling with 0.1-0.2 pt. wt. potassium hydroxide, vibrating to dissolve completely potassium hydroxide using ultrasonic cleaner, pouring potassium hydroxide solution into uniformly transparent waste frying oil, stirring, heating at 55-70 degrees C for 1-3 hours, pouring reaction solution into separatory funnel, standing for 15-25 minutes, separating black glycerol, adding water, warming at 55-70 degrees C, standing for 10-20 minutes, separating lower layer liquid, and repeating for 2 times. Alcohol-based fuel is obtained by adding pretreated waste frying oil, n-hexanol, and mixture of octanol and oleic acid, uniformly mixing, adding ferrocene, vibrating to dissolve completely ferrocene using ultrasonic cleaner, adding methanol, and fully stirring. Preferred Compositions: Volume ratio n-hexanol:octanol:oleic acid is 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Surfactant is Span (RTM: Emulsifier), Tween (RTM: Emulsifier), alkyl sulfonate sodium salt, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoethanolamine, dimethyl formamide, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and/or polyvinyl alcohol. Mass ratio of industrial water:methanol and/or ethanol is 1:0.5-2. Mass ratio of methanol and/or ethanol:oleic acid us 1:0.5-3, preferably 1:0.5-2.5. Modifying additive contains 20-50 pts. wt. pH buffering agent, 5-20 pts. wt. ethylhexyl nitrate, 0.5-5 pts. wt. antioxidant, 10-40 pts. wt. organic solvent, and 0-40 pts. wt. function modifier. The pH buffering agent contains 10-40 pts. wt. petroleum sulfonate, 10-40 pts. wt. barium petroleum sulfonate, and 20-50 pts. wt. complex mixture. Antioxidant is amine antioxidant, phenolic antioxidant, phenolic amine antioxidant, parathion anti-corrosive antioxidant, dialkyl dithiocarbamate, benzotriazole compound, and/or thiadiazole compound. Organic solvent is aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, ketone solvent, ester solvent, ether solvent, and/or petroleum-based solvent oil. Petroleum-based solvent oil is paraffin oil or diesel. Function modifier contains 0-15 pts. wt. tricresyl phosphate, 0-5 pts. wt. co-emulsifying agent, and 0-30 pts. wt. isobutanol. Preferred Processes: Industrial water is obtained by performing magnetic resonance excitation process. Preparation of polyol biofuel composition includes adjusting pH and clarity of surfactant and oleic acid and adding biofuel petroleum sulfonate or barium petroleum sulfonate to obtain product with acidity of less than or equal to 7 mg potassium hydroxide/100 ml. Mixing process is performed by pressurized rotary agitation, periodic mixing, notching random shear mixing, or applying magnetic resonance at room temperature. Preferred Parameters: Mixing pressure is not greater than 25 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Methane is generated through pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, or performing cryogenic process on product gas concentrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Lime milk seminal plasma with calcium hydroxide concentration of 3-10 mass% is prepared by aging lime for 24 hours, filtering through 150 mesh filter and 325 mesh filter respectively to obtain lime milk seminal plasma, and diluting with water. Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of gas:liquid in reactor is 1:1-1:3. Dispersant is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, barium chloride, EDTA, or sugar. Preferred Forms: Nano-calcium carbonate is in cube form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, ferrocene, and/or brominated epoxy resin, preferably hydroxides. Amount of flame retardant is 0.65 mass part. Filler is anthracite and/or silicate cement, preferably anthracite. Amount of filler is 40 mass parts. Catalyst is sodium hydroxide and/or oxalic acid, preferably sodium hydroxide. Amount of catalyst is 1 mass part.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Curing agent is flour, gluten, lignin, wheat bran, and/or starch, preferably gluten. Amount of curing agent is 60 mass parts. Crosslinking agent is polyethylene glycol, styrene, trimethoxysilane, methyl orthosilicate, and/or sodium silicate, preferably sodium silicate. Amount of crosslinking agent is 3 mass parts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Low carbon alcohol is anhydrous ethanol. Catalyst comprise 98% concentrated sulfuric acid. Hydrophobic organic solvent comprises hexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the liquid culture medium (1000 ml) comprises 0.0-1.5 g dipotassium phosphate, 1-3 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1-3 g beef extract, 1-2 g ammonium sulfate, 1-2 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate trihydrate, 0.2-0.3 g urea, 0.002-0.003 g ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.003-0.004 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.003- 0.004 g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.001-0.002 g cobalt sulfate heptahydrate and 15-16 g glucose, having pH adjusted to 7, and is subjected to high pressure sterilization process. In the step (iii) the domestication culture medium (1000 ml) comprises 50-100 g black-odor sewage water, 1.5-2.5 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2 g monosodium phosphate trihydrate, 3-4 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 2-3 g ammonium chloride and 0.1-0.2 g vitamin B1, having pH adjusted to 7, and is subjected to high pressure sterilization process. In the step (iv), the activate enrichment culture medium (1000 ml) comprises 2-3 g ammonium chloride, 5-6 g beef extract, 15-16 g glucose and 15-16 g agar, having pH adjusted to 7, and is subjected to high pressure sterilization process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The nutrient concentration is 20 mg/l NH4Cl, and 0.3 g/l molasses. The bacillus powder is fermented by low temperature freezing, and activated at a cell concentration of 1010-1011 cfu/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The culture medium in first step comprises 160-280 g potato, 10-25 g dextrose, 6-18 g peptone, 900-1100 mL sterile water, and 15-35 g agar powder. The culture medium in second step comprises 80-95% cotton seed hull, 12-25% wheat bran, 1-3% gypsum, and 60-70% sterile water. The culture medium in third step comprises 75-95% cotton seed hull, 2-8% wheat bran, sucrose, gypsum, and 1-3% lime. The nutrient solution comprises 480-520 mg magnesium sulfate, 780-830 mg potassium nitrate, 920-980 mg calcium nitrate, 150-160 mg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15-25 mg EDTA ferric sodium salt, 2-5 mg boric acid, 1-3 mg manganese sulfate, 0.2-0.25 mg zinc sulfate, 0.02-0.07 mg copper sulfate, and 0.01-0.03 mg ammonium citrate in 1 L solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The second process further comprises taking mycelium and sterilizing at 100-120 degrees C for 12-15 hours, and cooling to 20-30 degrees C. The method further comprises covering mushroom until more than 3 cm, margin involuting for harvesting, soaking in water at 90-100 degrees C for 2-3 seconds, draining water, cooling, drying, and refrigerating with brine water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ether is petroleum ether, and initiator is industrial urea. External ignition agent is isobutanol or gasoline No. 93. Lubricant is paraffin or barium petroleum sulfonate. Evaporation inhibitor is a ferrocene. Stabilizing agent is naphthenic oil. Binary fuel crosslinking agent is ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. Main synthesis reaction container is equipped with vacuum emulsification device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Composite additive contains 35-55 wt.% cleaning dispersant, 15-25 wt.% oil-soluble surfactant, 4-8 wt.% organic amine, and 15-30 wt.% solvent with respect to 100% total. Organic amine is monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and/or cyclohexylamine. Solvent is solvent oil #200 or aviation kerosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The biological composite fertilizer comprises 30 pts. wt. manure, 15 pts. wt. bran, 2 pts. wt. inoculant, 45 pts. wt. inorganic fertilizer, 10 pts. wt. mushroom residue, 3 pts. wt. superphosphate, 3 pts. wt. trace element, 10 pts. wt. soybean/vegetables, 2 pts. wt. Bacillus subtilis, 2 pts. wt. actinomycete and 3 pts. wt. photosynthetic bacteria. Preferred Component: The trace element is copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sodium silicate, cobalt chloride, zinc sulfate or borax. The inorganic fertilizer comprises monoammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, urea and ammonium sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Condition: Dolomite powder is replaced by calcium carbonate powder. Potassium chloride is replaced by potassium sulfate. Ammonium nitrate is replaced by phosphorus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in pts.wt.): solution of fermented product (10-15, preferably 10), radix sophorae flavescentis powder (6-8, preferably 6), bean dregs (6-8, preferably 6), weathered coal (8-10, preferably 8), potassium permanganate solution (3-7, preferably 3) and yeast powder (1-2.5, preferably 1). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in pts.wt.): plant oil of waste powder (25), fly ash (5), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (2), dry animal abdominal organs powder (4), natural yeast (1.5), deionized water (12), hydrogen peroxide (2) and potassium permanganate solution (5). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: Fertilizer also comprises hydrogen peroxide ( 5-8 pts.wt.). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in pts.wt.): chicken manure powder (10-15, preferably 10), bone powder (5-7, preferably 5), phosphate (8-12, preferably 8), dried leaf powder (9-13, preferably 9), glucose (10-15, preferably 10), yeast powder (1-3, preferably 1), deionized water (10-15, preferably 10)and hydrogen peroxide (5-8, preferably 5). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Crop is selected from pumpkin, pepper, cucumber, cabbage, rape seed, tomato or eggplant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in pts.wt.): dried food waste powder (20-25, preferably 20), soil phosphorus activator (2-4, preferably 2), urea (5-8, preferably 5), dried leaf powder (8-14, preferably 8), yeast (1-4, preferably 1), calcium carbonate (3-6, preferably 3), magnesium carbonate (4-5, preferably 4), deionized water (12-18 preferably 12) and potassium permanganate solution (5-7 preferably 5). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: Fertilizer also comprises bovine heart (5-10 pts.wt.). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The surfactant comprises Span (RTM: sorbitan fatty acid ester), Tween (RTM: polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester), sodium alkyl sulfonate, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethanolamine, dimethylformamide, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, or polyvinyl alcohol. The mass ratio of water and n-butyl alcohol is 1:0.5-2. The additive further comprises 20-50 pts. wt. pH value buffering agent, 5-20 pts. wt. isooctyl nitrate, 0.5-5 pts. wt. antioxidant 10-40 pts. wt. organic solvent, 0-40 pts. wt. modifier. The pH value buffering agent is 20-50 pts. wt. mixture comprising 10-40 pts. wt. sodium petroleum sulfonate compound, and 10-40 pts. wt. barium petroleum sulfonate. The antioxidant comprises amine type antioxidant, phenol type antioxidant, diaminodiphenylamine antioxidant, parathion type anti-corrosive antioxidant, dialkyl dithiocarbamate, triazole type compound, or benzene thiadiazole compound. The organic solvent comprises aromatic solvent, ketone solvent, ester solvent, ether solvent, or oil products. The oil products include petroleum product solvent, paraffin oil, or diesel oil. The modifier comprises 0-15 pts. wt. tricresyl phosphate, 0-5 pts. wt. co-emulsifier and dispersing agent, and 0-30 pts. wt. isobutanol. The weight ratio of water and methanol or ethanol is 1:0.5-2. The pH value buffering agent is added to make the acidity of the additive reaches than 7 mg potassium hydroxide/100 mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises using ethanol for curcumin crude product recrystallizing step to obtain the curcumin. The method may comprise adding N, N-dimethyl formamide, boric acid tri-n-butyl ester and n-butylamine, tri-n-butyl ester and vanillin, N, N-dimethyl formamide, and boric acid at a mol ratio of 1:(5-10):(0.4-0.6):(1-2):(0.2-2) in a container at 40-50 degrees C for 1-2 hours, dropping n-butyl amine, and continuing reaction for 2-5 hours; edge stirring reaction system, dropping 100-200 ml of 5-10% acetic acid solution, filtering, and washing the filter residue with water to obtain the curcumin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic alkali is selected from sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, or potassium acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The substitution reaction is carried out at 100-150 degrees C, preferably 120-130 degrees C for 8-24 hours. The cyclization reaction is carried out at 20-70 degrees C, preferably 50-60 degrees C for 2-8 hours. Preferred Component: The acid-binding agent is selected from organic alkali or inorganic alkali. The organic alkali is selected from diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali is selected from sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, triethylamine, or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, isopropanol, or tert-butyl alcohol. The 1-4C alcohol/water mixed solvent is 20-95 vol.% methanol/water, 45-95 vol.% ethanol/water, or 45-95 vol.% isopropyl alcohol/water mixed solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Livestock manure is selected from pig manure, cow dung or sheep dung.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Tourmaline product is selected from tourmaline ceramic or tourmaline sponge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The asymmetrical hollow fiber gas separation membrane has ratio of carbon-dioxide-gas transmission rate with respect to methane gas transmission rate of ten or more, and carbon-dioxide-gas transmission rate of 8x 10-5 cm3 (STP)/cm2.second.cm mercury or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method further involves (d) aerating the resulting effluent of step (b) to produce regenerated effluent with an alkaline pH, and (e) contacting the regenerated alkaline effluent of step (d) with the recovered biogas of step (c) to remove carbon dioxide in the biogas. The anaerobic digester effluent is heated using heat exchanger with exhaust from biogas engine as the heated air stream at 140-170 degrees F. The method involves aerating the anaerobic digester effluent using micro-aerators that aerate the effluent at rate of 5-25 gallons/cfm, contacting the alkaline effluent with an input biogas using alkaline effluent at a pH of 9-12, contacting an input biogas with the alkaline effluent using bubble column reactor, contacting the alkaline effluent with an input biogas comprising gas and liquid ratio chosen from 20:1, 21:1, 22:1, 23:1, 24:1, 25:1, 26:1, 27:1, 28:1, 29:1, and 30:1, preferably 21-25:1. The bubble column reactor has an inlet orifice sparger, or churn-turbulent flow regime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The chemical synthesis rector comprises a methanol synthesis reactor. The gasification system further comprises solid-gas separation device, gas purification apparatus, chemical synthesis reactor, shaft furnace, and ammonia synthesis apparatus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: At least a portion of methane-rich gas is delivered along with recovered solids particles as transport gas to assist the transfer of the recovered solids particles into the fluidized bed reactor. The synthesis gas is provided into chemical synthesis reactor in which synthesis gas is converted into chemical product. The methane-rich gas is recycled using natural gas, biogas and/or petroleum gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: Methanogen is located in environmental medium such as soil or groundwater. Preferred Process: Fermentable substrate such as oil containing vegetable oil, peanut oil, corn oil or fish oil is added to environmental medium. Environmental medium is produced in reductive dechlorination of soil or groundwater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inhibiting composition contains vitamin B10 derivative blocks chosen from 4-( beta -D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene-5'-phosphate ( beta -RFA-P) synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-ethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F420), 2-sulfanylethanesulfonate (coenzyme M) and ethanesulfonate chosen from 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES), 2-chloroethanesulfonate (CES), 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES), or lumazine in methane production pathway. Inhibiting composition is naturally-occurring statin such as lovastatin in which source is red yeast rice. Fermentable substrate is carbohydrate containing glucose or fermentable glucose-producing compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: At least one of spaced apart sections corresponds with to the retort section in which hemicellulose, cellulose, and/or lignin are decomposed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The system comprises a dryer for drying the biomass prior to entry into the reactor; and a biochar delivery system for receiving the biochar from the reactor. The biochar delivery system comprises a cooling zone, a compaction area, with a rotary airlock valve between it. The system further comprises an additive delivery system for introducing additives to the biochar. Additive delivery system is located with the biochar delivery system. The controller is a programmable logic controller. It further controls the speed of the conveyor. The conveyor is an auger. In the modular pyrolysis apparatus, the syn-gas management module additionally comprises a condenser and a bio-oil storage tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is selected from soil nutrients and/or minerals. It is selected from nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, chlorine, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, silicon, selenium, sodium, compost tea, humic acids, fulvic acids, plant hormones, pH conditioners, buffers, and its combinations.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The gas purification method further involves using low concentration methane-containing gas having concentration of less than 50% as initial stage source gas before carrying out adsorption and desorption processes. The initial stage gas recover path collects source gas containing methane having concentration of 50% or more. Preferred Properties: The pore volume in the pore diameter is preferably less than 0.01 cm3/g, and pore volume in 0.34 nm diameter is preferably 0.2 cm3/g or more. The adsorbent has particle diameter of 0.5-3 mm, and packing density of 0.6-0.75 g/mL with respect to adsorption tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprise a storage device for the fuel or fuel additive. The apparatus for mixing the coal or coke and dried biosolids is separated or combined with the apparatus for drying and grinding the mixture of coal or coke and dried biosolids. The mixing apparatus and the drying and grinding apparatus comprise a coal mill.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The raw coal or coke and the dried biosolids are mixed prior to or during grinding and drying. The kiln or clinker cooler exhaust gases for drying the mixture have a temperature of 300-800 degrees F. The fuel or fuel additive is stored and used in a main combustion step of the cement-making process. The combustion takes place in one of a calciner, a loop duct combustion zone or both in the cement-making process. Preferred Components: The biosolids comprise class A biosolids. The mixture of coal or coke and dried biosolids comprises 5-95 wt.% of dried biosolids having a moisture content of 0.5-12 wt.%. The fuel or fuel additive has a moisture content of 0.5- 20 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic substance is ammonia or chemical oxygen demand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Property: The surface area of the carrier is 20-200 m2/1 m3 of the biological treatment tank. The pH and oxidation-reduction potential inside the biological treatment tank are maintained at 6-7 and +100 mV or more respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plastic carrier is made of vinyl chloride, polypropylene or polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Electrolytic concentration of electrolyte aqueous solution supplied by electrolyte aqueous solution supply unit is greater than or equal to 5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Aerobic microbe is isolated from secondary treated water. Nitrogen concentration of final treated water discharged from sulfur denitrifying reactor is measured, and amount of secondary treated water to-be-circulated in denitrifying tank is adjusted based on measurement result. Nitric acid concentration of final treated water discharged from sulfur denitrifying reactor is measured, and amount of air supplied to aerobic treatment tank is adjusted based on measurement result.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carrier contains magnetic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrate (B) of calcium sulfate is dihydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of triorganosilyl ester-containing copolymer (A) to hydrate (B) of calcium sulfate is 0.4-3, in terms of solid conversion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Jojoba oil is in the form of solid or liquid fraction obtained by controlled cryogenization. Concentration of catalyst is 0.5-7%. Preferred Components: Catalyst is homogeneous or heterogeneous basic catalyst or enzyme with pore diameter of 50-400 Angstrom and specific surface area of 10-150 m2/gr. Ratio of oil and alcohol is 1:1-1:6. Alcohol is chosen from methanol, ethanol, butanol or octanol. Solvent system used for separation by crystallization is chosen from ethyl acetone, diethyl ether, chloroform, hexane, heptane, pentane, acetate, methanol, ethanol or their mixture. First solid fraction contains 15-tetracosenol and 13-docosenol, second liquid fraction contains 15-tetracosenol and 13-docosenol and third liquid fraction contains 9-octadecenol, 11-eicosenol and 13-docosenol. Preferred Parameters: Transesterification temperature is 60-95 degrees C. Reaction time is 3-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method (p1) further involves isolation of obtained erythromycin by optional cooling, filtering and washing the product with water. The ammonia used can be in the form of aqueous ammonia and/or ammonia gas. The range of suitable stoichiometrics of the base ammonia with respect to the erythromycin thiocyanate is 1-10 equivalents. The method (p1) is carried out at 30-80 degrees C. The range of suitable stoichiometrics of water solvent with respect to erythromycin thiocyanate is 1-5 equivalents, preferably 1 equivalent. In the method (p2), the erythromycin is reacted with stearic acid at 30-70 degrees C; and the molar ratio of stearic acid to erythromycin used is 1.1-1.35, preferably 1.2-1.35. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - About 243 g erythromycin thiocyanate was suspended in 200 ml water. The slurry was heated up to 35 degrees C and 200 ml liquor ammonia was added in half an hour. The mass was heated further up to 70 degrees C and stirred for 1 hour. The suspension was cooled to ambient temperature and filtered. The residue was washed with water till free from ammonium thiocyanate (test with FeCl3 solution), and dried at 55-60 degrees C to yield 212 g (moisture: 5%) of erythromycin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing protoporphyrin IX, the strain of Shewanella bacteria is a strain of Shewanella loihica, preferably S. loihica PV-4. The mutant hemH gene is a mutant of shew2229 and/or a mutant of shew1140. The protoporphyrin IX produced in the culture medium is recoverable in an amount of at least 0.1 mg/ml of culture medium. The addition of supplementary protoporphyrin IX to the culture medium is not necessary for the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX during the cultivation of the strain of Shewanella bacteria. The strain of Shewanella bacteria is transformed with the at least one mutant hemH gene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Contacting the organic extractant composition with the fermentation medium occurs in a fermentor. The method further involves: transferring a portion of the fermentation medium from the fermentor to a vessel, where the contacting the organic extractant composition with the fermentation medium occurs in the vessel. The contacting involves contacting the fermentation medium via a co-current or counter-current stream of the organic extractant composition. Preferred Components: The butanol is isobutanol. The organic extractant composition further comprises an additional solvent, where the additional solvent is n-hexanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, 2- ethyl-1-hexanol and/or 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-ol (preferably 2,6-dimethylheptan-4-ol). The organic extractant composition further comprises an additional solvent with a butanol partition coefficient greater than 4 (preferably greater than 5, especially greater than 6, particularly greater than 7). The recovered butanol has an effective titer of 22-40 g or at least 37 g per liter of the fermentation medium. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The marine organism is fish or shellfish including shrimp (preferred), krill, crab, rock crab, spider crab or lobster. The shellfish oil comprises more than 800 mu g/g, preferably 1000 mu g/g of astaxanthin. The oil and the solid residue of marine organism mainly consist of shrimp. The solid residue of marine organism comprises more than 60% of protein, more than 400 mu g/g of vitamin E, more than 4000 UI/100g of vitamin A, and more than 350 mu g/g of astaxanthin. The excipient comprises a protein enriched flour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises (f) drying the solid phase recovered in the step (c) to form a protein-enriched solid residue. The step (a) is carried out at a temperature of 4-25 degrees C, preferably 10-18 degrees C. The step (b) is performed with a system in dissolved air flotation. The step (c) is carried out with using a 2-phase horizontal centrifuge (decanter). The step (d) is performed by subjecting the obtained liquid phase in the step (c) to a vertical centrifuge (separator). The solid phase obtained in the step (b) is heated to a temperature of 20-40 degrees C, preferably 30 degrees C, prior to step (c). The liquid phase obtained in the step (c) is heated to a temperature of 80-99 degrees C, preferably 95 degrees C, prior to step (d). The step (c) is carried out using a decanter at a rotation speed of the bowl of 1800-3300 revolutions per minute (rpm), or 2500-2800 rpm. The treatment liquid is cooking, cooling, rinsing, washing, dehulling, brining, or draining water. ACTIVITY - Anabolic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactor is a catalytic reactor based on copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, molybdenum, or chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding mixed feed. The fermentation process is aerobic fermentation that takes place at 120 degrees C for 40-60 days, where the fermentation mixture has pH of 2-10. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The Fischer-Tropsch reaction is performed in presence of cobalt-based catalyst containing cobalt and alumina.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by dissolving 1-nitramine-2,4-dinitroimidazole in deionized water to obtain light yellow clear liquid, adding 0.5 time molar equivalent potassium carbonate, in-situ reacting to generate 1-nitramine-2,4-dinitroimidazole potassium salt solution, adding 2 times molar equivalent hydrochloride cation, separating light yellow solid precipitate, stirring for 1 hour, filtering precipitate to obtain light yellow crude product, recrystallizing with acetone and diethyl ether mixed solvent, separating solid, filtering and washing with diethyl ether to obtain target product.Preferred Method: The solvent for reaction is deionized water. The mol ratio of 1-nitramine-2,4-dinitroimidazole to cationic compound is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas product is syngas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photo ionization detector device is used for detecting 1-6C hydrocarbons, such as ethane, ethane, propane and propene, and is operated at 8-12 eV. The naphtha cracking or reforming system comprises saturated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbon, which is benzene, propene, toluene, fenol, biphenyl, pyrene, cresol, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluorine, indane, indene and/or naphthalene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The inner agent and/or the outer agent comprises one or more enzymes selected from lipases, amylases, proteases, xylanases, and/or cellulases. The inner agent and/or the outer agent comprises a material comprising greater than or equal to l\xl010 bacteria colony forming units per gram material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inner agent comprises an oxygen generating material which is peroxides, percarboxylics, and/or percarbonates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inner agent and/or the outer agent comprises one or more nutrients selected from minerals, vitamins, and/or amino acids.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The end plugs comprise a material having a water solubility value of greater than or equal to 1 mg/mL. The first water-soluble material is methylhydroxycelluloses, methylcelluloses, ethylcelluloses, hydroxyethylcelluloses, carboxymethylcelluloses, methylhydroxypropylcelluloses, hydrolyzed corn starches, hydrolyzed potato starches, gum arabic, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenans, karaya gums, ghatti gums, tragacanth agars, tamarind gums, xanthan gums, microcrystalline celluloses, sodium alginates, konjac glucomannans, pullulans, pectins, and/or arabinogalactans. The binder matrix of the second water-soluble material comprises a non-ionic or anionic surfactant. The flocculant is salts of multivalent metals, nonionic polymers, anionic polymers, and/or cationic polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alcohol component is a lower grade ethanol or hydrous ethanol. The microemulsion blend is blended with lower grade diesel to form the fuel composition. The fuel is diesel which is a straight run diesel or unadditized diesel. The microemulsion blend volumes which are blended with the lower grade diesel component are 5%, 6% or 12%. The microemulsion blend comprises renewable components. The microemulsion blend comprises a mixture of oleic acid, ethanol, ammonia, water and cetane enhancer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The microemulsion is blended with lower grade diesel, water component, cetane enhancer, and alcohol component to form the composition. The microemulsion volumes which are blended with lower grade diesel component are at least one of 5%, 6% and 12%. The composition dilutes contents of aromatics, sulfur, phosphorus and other contaminants. Preferred Components: The lower grade fuel is diesel which is at least one of straight run diesel or unadditized diesel. Preferred Method: The method additionally involves assessing the quality of microemulsion by analyzing at least one of oxidative stability and contaminants in the microemulsion; and optimizing the microemulsion volumes to be blended with different quality of diesel. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The coagulant is chosen from inorganic coagulant and polymer coagulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1st and/or 2nd electrodes are formed of greater than or equal to 1 layers of synthetic crystalline material. The 1st and/or 2nd conduits are formed of greater than or equal to 1 layers of synthetic crystalline material. Synthetic crystalline material is structured to include interstitial and/or edge dopant atoms or molecules to affect the electrical conductivity of the electrodes. Non-oxygenated substance is coated on the 1st electrode. Electrolytic fluid contains water and non-oxygenated substance consisting of alkali metal-halogen salt and/or alkaline earth metal-halogen salt such that the applied electric potential, before producing chemical product and extracting energy, generates a 2nd electrolyte containing alkali metal hydroxide and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxide by causing a chemical reaction of the water with the non-oxygenated substance. Electrolytic fluid contains alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and oxidant constituent contains alkali metal-halogen and/or alkaline earth metal-halogen compound. Reactant substance contains carbon dioxide stored in greater than or equal to 1 layers of synthetic crystalline material. Intermediary chemical products contain carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen gas (O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Preferred Processes: When electric potential is applied with reversed polarity, the produced chemical product dissociates to non-oxygenated substance, and electrolyte releases hydrogen. The produced chemical product dissociates to oxidant constituent and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Chemical fuel contains methanol (CH3OH). Preferred Processes: O2 is produced along with CH3OH in the 2nd interior cavity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Electrolyte contains proton exchange membrane or polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), perovskite material, or electrolytic fluid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The metal tin nanoparticles having particle size of more than 5 nm to 100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The precursor further contains water-soluble polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system ferments mixture of organic waste and granule formed by foamed resin in the fermentation chamber. The fermentation chamber has thermal insulation property. The system further comprises heater (13) for heating the organic waste and promoting fermentation of the organic waste. The system further comprises detection portion (14) which detects the temperature in the fermentation chamber, and control portion (15) which operates the heater when the temperature detected by the detection portion. The heater is formed in sheet form and arranged in bottom face of each accommodation region, respectively. The fermentation chamber is equipped with accommodation region formed by partitioning off interior space into an up-down direction by a partition plate. The system further comprises storage tank which stores first thermal medium, and pump. The system comprises second thermal absorption portion and boiler (6) which heats the water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic base is selected from NaHCO3, Na2CO3 and NaOH. The reducing agent is sodium sulfite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) further involves neutralization of the reaction mixture with base; and quenching the reaction mixture with reducing agent. The oxidation step is conducted at -10 to 25 degrees C, in the absence of (HCO3)- buffering and bromide or other additives. In the oxidation step, solution of TEMPO in dichloromethane or ethylacetate is slowly added to the solution of 3-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran and trichloroisocyanuric acid; or trichloroisocyanuric acid is added in portions to the solution of 3-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran and TEMPO in dichloromethane or ethylacetate. In process (P2), the conversion step is conducted in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid at 160-180 degrees C. Preferred Components: The amount of trichloroisocyanuric acid is 1-2 mol equivalent. The amount of TEMPO is 0.01-0.02 mol equivalent. EXAMPLE - To 500 ml flask, 1,2,4-trihydroxybutane (159 g) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (1.5 g) were added. The solution was heated to 160-180 degrees C. The resulting mixture was purified by fractional distillation to give 3-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran as colorless oil (120.5 g, 91.3% yield). To jacket reactor, 3-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran (60.6 g) was charged, followed by dichloromethane (DCM) (500 ml). The solution was cooled to -5 degrees C. Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) (159.6 g) was added in one portion. The resulting slurry was stirred for 10 minutes. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) (1.08 g), DCM solution (120 ml) was added dropwise while controlling the temperature around -5 to 0 degrees C. After work up, 3-oxo-tetrahydrofuran was obtained as pale yellow oil (55.4 g, 93.6% yield) with 95% HPLC purity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is a transition metal including vanadium, iron, molybdenum, ruthenium, manganese, chromium, zinc and/or nickel or a salt of a transition metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorption liquid is an aqueous solution, preferably an amine solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises a support frame which supports the composting device, the spray equipment and the air collection device, where the support frame is connected with the composting device, the spray equipment and the air collection device by a pin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The xylanase-active enzyme cel10-CBM6-KG61 gene is isolated from C.hircus aegagrus rumen microorganism. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture of the glycerol (OPO) and the methyl palmitate comprises at least one eutectic. The mixture of the glycerol (OPO) and the methyl palmitate comprises a eutectic at molar fraction 0.45-OPO, where an average crystal size is less than 25 mu m at 0.45-OPO. The mixture of the glycerol (OPO) and the methyl palmitate comprises a eutectic at molar fraction 0.80-OPO, where an average crystal size is less than 80 mu m at 0.80-OPO. At a molar fraction 0.55-OPO, the composition begins crystallization at 9.5 degrees C and completes crystallization at 5.5 degrees C. From molar fraction 0-OPO to molar fraction 0.45-OPO, the mixture of the glycerol (OPO) and the methyl palmitate comprises monoclinic and triclinic forms. The monoclinic form decreases from molar fraction 0-OPO to molar fraction 0.45-OPO, where a eutectic occurs at molar fraction 0.45-OPO. From molar fraction 0.45-OPO to molar fraction 0.75-OPO, the mixture of the glycerol (OPO) and the methyl palmitate comprises triclinic forms. From molar fraction 0.75-OPO to molar fraction 1-OPO, the mixture of the glycerol (OPO) and the methyl palmitate comprises orthorhombic and triclinic forms. At the eutectic at molar fraction 0.45-OPO, the mixture of the glycerol (OPO) and the methyl palmitate comprises a granular crystal network of small spherulitic entities. At the eutectic at molar fraction 0.80-OPO, the mixture of the 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol and the methyl palmitate comprises fully discernible spherulites with some crystal clustering. At a 1:1 compound mixture, the mixture forms a network made of dendritic-like crystals. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary heat-transfer medium includes flue gases. The secondary heat-transfer medium includes ambient air.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydrolytic lignin product has relative moisture content of 45-55%. The pre-dried hydrolytic lignin has moisture content of 30-40%. Preferred Process: The pre-dried hydrolytic lignin is dried using primary and secondary heat-transfer media.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - The pyrolysis reactor is configured to pyrolyze a biomass to produce a pyrolysis vapor, where the pyrolysis vapor comprises at least one of water, an organic acid, an aldehyde, a phenol and sugar; or at least one derivative of it. The conversion system is configured to produce at least one of a hydrocarbon fuel product, a gas, or a chemical.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The catalytic VPR comprises a catalyst including at least one of granulated catalyst, powdered catalyst, and fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bio-oil is a low oxygen bio-oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adhesive further contains talc powder which is not surface-treated, as inorganic filler.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The melting point of crystalline polyester resin is greater than 100 degrees C and less than 140 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is contained in the adhesive in a state having an unreacted epoxy group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first reaction zone and the second reaction zone are in one reactor vessel. The reactor system is adapted to move the components from the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone in one reactor vessel. The first reaction zone and the second reaction zone are in different reactor vessels. The system comprises at least two reactor vessels connected to each other, and at least three reactor vessels connected to each other. The reactor system is further adapted to move the reversible acid in liquid form from one reactor vessel to another reactor vessel. The first reaction zone is in one reactor vessel and the second reaction zone is in another reaction vessel. The second reaction zone has higher temperature than the first reaction zone. The first reaction zone and the second reaction zone are in one or more reactor vessels. Preferred Method: Moving of the components from the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone is facilitated by a compressor. The method further involves providing flow of inert gas from second reaction zone to first reaction zone to facilitate moving of the acid components from the second reaction zone to the first reaction zone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The liquid fermentation plant is present in a fluid communication with the percolate treatment device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A solid-liquid-separation of the stirrable fermentation substrate from the liquid fermentation plant is performed in the percolate treatment device. The solid component of the stirrable fermentation substrate, obtained in the solid-liquid separation is introduced from the liquid fermentation plant into the solid fermentation chamber. The method includes performing a temperature control of the percolate to a temperature required in the solid fermentation chamber before, during or after the percolate treatment. The percolate is collected at the bottom of the solid fermentation chamber, and is recycled through a percolate recycling line (52) of the liquid fermentation plant. The stackable biomass, preferably with a higher dry substance content, is supplied to the solid fermentation chamber; the liquid biomass or biomass with a lower dry substance content is supplied to the fermentation liquid plant; and the wet biomass is supplied to the liquid fermentation plant and/or the solid fermentation chamber. The method includes supplying impurity-loaded stackable biomass to the solid fermentation chamber. The percolate treatment device comprises a filter device, a pressing device, a separating device, a centrifugation device or other separating device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The strain comprises Raoultella, preferably Raoultella terrigena. Preferred Method: The method is carried out at a temperature of 20-40 degrees C under aerobic conditions for a period of 10-100 hours and at a pH of 5-8. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sheet is formed as a single, finished, wet-laid sheet that is pleatable and windable, self-supporting layer. The sheet contains 70, preferably 30 wt.% of glass fibers, 80%, preferably 49% of softwood kraft fibers, and 60%, preferably 20% of fibrillated lyocell fibers. The glass micro fibers have a diameter of 0.65 mu m. The sheet comprises kraft fibers, fibrillated fibers, 5-80 wt.% of nanoceramic functionalized fibers, wet strength additive or dry strength additive. The sheet includes synthetic fibers as a strength-enhancing component. The sheet is formed of constituents having a thickness of 0.10-3 mm and weight of 20-1000 g/m2. The sheet is formed of constituents selected to effect separation in 5-40% of biodiesel blends and having fuel and water emulsions with at least 75%, preferably 95% water removal efficiency in the SAE J1488 emulsified water/fuel separation test procedure over an extended time period of more than 150 minutes. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 70.8% of virgin softwood kraft fiber; 28.5% of fibrillated lyocell; 0.5% of polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin wet strength additive; and 0.2% of polyacrylamide dry strength additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is Raney nickel, molybdenum oxide or palladium-carbon, preferably carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dimethyl amine and inter-methoxy-acetophenone are mixed in a ratio of 1:1-10:1 at 20-40 degrees C for 10-18 hours. The catalyst is added with inter-methoxy-acetophenone in a mole ratio of 1:10-1:500.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of catalyst and anisole-containing compound (1) is 5-20 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: 2-benzyloxyaniline-containing compound (4) is prepared by performing reduction reaction of 2-methylanisole-containing compound of formula (3) with iron powder, nitro-hydrochloric acid, and solvent. 2-methylanisole-containing compound (3) is prepared by performing reduction reaction of 2-methoxybenzyl chloride-containing compound of formula (2) and reducing agent with solvent. 2-methoxybenzyl chloride-containing compound (2) is prepared by performing chloromethylation reaction of anisole-containing compound of formula (1), formaldehyde, and concentrated hydrochloric acid with solvent and catalyst. 2-methoxybenzyl chloride-containing compound (2) is prepared by regulating pH to 9-11 after chloromethylation reaction, extracting, concentrating to obtain crude product, and re-crystallizing in which re-crystallizing solvent is ethanol, acetone, and/or ethyl acetate. Preferred Compositions: Formylation reagent is anhydrous formic acid, 60-95 mass% aqueous formic acid solution, acetic anhydride, or mixture of acetic anhydride and 60-95 mass% aqueous formic acid solution. Reducing agent is sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, or lithium borohydride. Solvent in reduction reaction of 2-methoxybenzyl chloride-containing compound (2) and reducing agent is dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, or N,N-dimethylformamide. Volume-to-mass (ml/g) ratio of formaldehyde and anisole-containing compound (1) is 1-3. Volume-to-mass (ml/g) ratio of concentrated hydrochloric acid and anisole-containing compound (1) is 3-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Oil: In the triacylglycerol oil, the substrate utilized for growing the Pythium biomass is selected from glucose, dextrose, lactose, xylose, sucrose, fructose, or any suitable combination of two. The biomass further comprises at least one nitrogen source and the nitrogen source is selected from yeast extract, diammonium phosphate (DAP), urea, sodium nitrate (NaNO3), CSL, or combinations of two or more. Alternatively, the triacylglycerol oil derived from a Pythium biomass comprises: greater than 20% w/w dry cell weight cell lipid; and/or greater than 10% of total fatty acids is EPA, where arachidonic acid (ARA) comprises less than 5% of total fatty acids. The substrate utilized for growing the Pythium biomass is selected from glucose, dextrose, lactose, xylose, sucrose, fructose, or any suitable combination of two. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Generator: In the hydrogen generator, the heater assembly includes a heater support to which the heater is secured, and the heater support is movable by the mechanism. The heater support biases the heater assembly either away from the housing or toward the housing. The mechanism for moving the heater assembly can deflect the heater support to move the heater assembly. The mechanism includes a cam bar with an angled surface that deflects the heater support in a direction normal to a lateral motion of the cam bar. The cam bar is attached to the door. The cam bar is biased by a biasing member to move toward the door when the door is moved from the closed position and pushed against the biasing member when the door is moved to the closed position. The hydrogen generator includes a set of heaters, where each heater is disposed on a single heater assembly. Moreover, more than one of the heaters is disposed on a single heater assembly. Each heater is disposed to heat one or more of a set of segregated quantities of the hydrogen-containing material. Each heater is disposed to heat only one of the set of segregated quantities of the hydrogen-containing material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogen-producing catalysts in the catalyst bed are copper zinc-based catalysts. The heating catalysts are platinum catalysts. The combustion gas contains oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion gas is methanol steam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrocarbon is methane. The carbon material comprises material chosen from carbon fibers, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, graphite flakes, graphene, and mesoporous microbeads. Preferred Process: The catalyst is formed in situ from metal forming precursor chosen from iron(III) nitrate, ferrocene, acetylferrocene, 1,1'-dimethylferrocene, and iron pentacarbonyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The azeotropic distillation is carried out: at a temperature of 60-250 degrees C, preferably 65-230 degrees C; and under a pressure of 0.1 bar to normal atmospheric pressure (NTP). The alcoholysis is carried out: at a temperature of 60-450 degrees C; and under a pressure of NTP to 250 bar, preferably NTP to 150 bar. In the process, a gaseous component (30) is separated in the azeotropic distillation, and the alcohol is separated from the gaseous component and recycled to the azeotropic distillation. In the alcoholysis step, an alcoholysis product is obtained and it is subjected to separation to obtain the alcohol and the converted bio-oils, and the alcohol is recycled to the azeotropic distillation. The liquid component is reacted with the alcohol or its mixture. Preferred Components: The feedstock comprises bio-oils comprising oils or oily components obtained from thermal processing of biomass, hydrothermal processing of biomass, supercritical fluid treatment of biomass, molten salt treatment of biomass, ionic liquid treatment of biomass, and pyrolysis oils. The alcohol is primary or secondary 1-6C-alcohols, preferably methanol. EXAMPLE - 45 g of Pyrolysis oil was dissolved in 50 ml of methanol and heated to 65 degrees C to distill methanol. 150 ml of Fresh dry methanol was introduced to the pyrolysis oil. All together 150 ml of methanol was distilled from the pyrolysis oil. After distillation, the distillation column was closed and pyrolysis oil was refluxed with methanol for 5 hours to obtain methyl esters of acetic acid and benzoic acid and acetals of furfural.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The core particle is magnetic particle. The precursor of the magnetic particle is iron oxide, iron(III) oxide, iron(II, III) oxide, cobalt, nickel, cobalt-iron, nickel-iron, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, iron-platinum, cobalt-iron oxide or nickel-iron oxide. The enzyme further comprises fluorescence and colorant group introduced to the core particle. The reactive component introduction layer is formed on the surface of the core particle. The enzyme maintains greater than 90% of activity of the enzyme when the enzyme is reused. The reactive component introduction layer is made of silica. The reactive components include carboxyl group (-COOH) and sulfonic acid group (-SO3H). The enzyme has a diameter of 5-100 nm. Preferred Method: The method further comprises forming the reactive component introduction layer on the surface of the core particle before the introduction stage, ultrasonically dispersing the core particle into a solvent, maintaining pH of the dispersed solution to 10 by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate to the solution, and washing and drying the obtained product, after refluxing the product. The core particle is prepared by mixing iron dichloride aqueous solution and iron trichloride aqueous solution, adding ammonium hydroxide solution to the mixture, stirring, and separating the core particles. The reactive component is prepared by adding 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate and 4-aminobenzoic acid in trichloromethane and tetrohydrofuran, refluxing the mixed solution, adding hexane to remove the solvent, and washing and drying the product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The symmetrical tubular membrane has an inner diameter of 3-6 mm, and wall thickness of 0.3-3 mm. The glucans comprise a backbone of beta -1,3-glycosidically linked glucose units, and beta -1,6-glycosidically attached side groups of glucose units. The symmetrical tubular membrane has pores with pore size of 4-45 mu m, which is determined according to ISO 15901-1. The length of the symmetrical tubular membrane is 0.2-1.5 m. The symmetrical tubular membrane is made of a material having a degree of separation of 0.5-45 mu m which is determined according to ASTM F 795. The aqueous solution has 3-30 g/l glucans. Preferred Method: The conduction of feed stream in the step (b) takes place with an overflow of 0.5-5 m/s. At least a symmetrical tubular membrane is provided with 1-15000 further symmetrical tubular membranes, which are arranged parallel to the at least one symmetrical tubular membrane which forms a membrane module. At least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 of membrane modules are arranged one after another in series. The feeding of the feed stream in the step (a) is carried out continuously. The removal of the permeate stream in the step (c) is carried out continuously. The transmembrane pressure is up to 0.1-10 bar, where the transmembrane pressure is preferably adjusted by the transmembrane pressure is a ramp with a slope of 0.05-2 bar/h to the desired value. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adsorbent contains activated carbon, zeolite, silica gel, or organometallic complex, as main component. The methane-containing gas has gas chosen from coal-mine gas, biogas, reformed gas and natural gas, as a main component. Preferred Property: The adsorbent has average fine pore diameter of 4.5-15 Angstrom measured by micropore analysis method, and methane gas adsorption amount of 20 Nml/g under atmospheric pressure of 298K. Preferred Process: The primary pressure-equalization process is stage (A) pressure-equalization process. The secondary pressure-equalization process is final pressure-equalization process. The gas discharged from adsorption-column upper portion in the stage (A) pressure-equalization process is supplied with respect to the adsorption-column upper portion which performs the final pressure-equalization process. The gas discharged from the adsorption-column upper portion in the final pressure-equalization process is supplied with respect to the adsorption-column upper portion which performs the stage (A) pressure-equalization process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid is sulfuric acid. Decolorizing agent is used during method of upgrading process stream. The decolorizing agent is chosen from powdered carbon, granular carbon, extruded carbon, bone charcoal, bead activated carbon, styrenic resin, acrylic resin, magnetic resin, decolorizing clay, bentonite, attapulgite, montmorillonite and hormite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The saccharified biomass liquid is derived from reduced recalcitrance cellulosic or lignocellulosic material. The cellulosic or lignocellulosic material is saccharified using enzymes, and acid. Preferred Composition: The undesired component is chosen from colored component, soluble lignin fragment and ionic compound. The saccharified biomass liquid comprises monosaccharide(s) chosen from glucose, xylose and arabinose, less than 1% suspended solids, and fermentation product. The concentration of monosaccharide(s) is 50-500 g/L, preferably 150-350 g/L. The monosaccharide(s) is chosen from glucose, xylose and arabinose, preferably xylose. The fermentation product is ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The saccharified biomass liquid is contacted with resin(s), during the process. Preferred Composition: The resin comprises polystyrene resin and crosslinked resin, and includes pendent cation chosen from aluminum ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, strontium ion, lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion and rubidium ion, and pendent functional group chosen from sulfonate group, sulfonic acid group and ester group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Disclosed): The polypeptide is isolated from fermentation broth sample. Preferred Biomolecule: The polypeptide is a variant of the sequence of amino acid residues at position 20-430 of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or the sequence of amino acid residues at position 21-393 of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6, comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion of one or more amino acids. The polypeptide is encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes with the mature polypeptide coding sequence having 1743 or 1885 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3 or 5) fully defined in the specification, or its cDNA sequence under high stringency conditions. The polypeptide further comprises a cellulose binding domain. Preferred Process: The process further comprises recovering the fermentation product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Process: The ambient temperature is 5-40 degrees C. The step of disrupting the physical integrity of the quantity of tobacco biomass comprises shredding, grinding, macerating, comminuting, milling, tearing, grating, slicing, shearing, pulverizing, microwaving, lyophilizing and/or freeze-thawing. The step of pressing the first pigmented slurry comprises an application of force to the first pigmented slurry by means of a screw press. The step of fractionating the quantity of the released syrup comprises an application of centrifugal force. The step of application of centrifugal force is effected by means of a decanter centrifuge. The step of fractionating the quantity of the pigmented mixture comprises filtration and/or sedimentation. The step of separating lutein in the quantity of the fraction enriched in lutein and the solvent from the solvent in the fraction enriched in lutein and the solvent comprises filtration and/or precipitation and/or chromatographic separation and/or countercurrent flow. Preferred Components: The aqueous mixture comprises a buffer solution comprising an alkali metal salt. The alkali metal salt comprises sodium chloride, sodium metabisulfite and/or sodium borate. The first pigmented slurry comprises green juice. The predominantly solid second pigmented slurry component is retained by a suitable filter and the predominantly liquid second pigmented slurry component traverses the suitable filter. The solvent in which lutein is soluble comprises an oil and/or a fat and/or a turpentine and/or a hydrocarbon. ACTIVITY - Anabolic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystals comprise compound chosen from 88 compounds e.g. zinc sulfide/titanate, titanium oxide/copper oxide, zinc sulfide/tin sulfide, lead sulfide/indium selenide and gold/cadmium-tellurium-tin sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode plate is formed of titanium steel. The anode plate is formed of stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device comprises a front opening and a lid to allow direct access to the compartment and decomposition of the compost aeration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (b) is chosen from perfluorotetrahydro-perfluoro-2-methylene-furo(3,4-d)(1,3)-dioxolane, perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, perfluoro-3-methylene-2,4-dioxabicyclo-(4,3,0)nonane, perfluoro-3-methylene-2,3-dioxabicyclo-(3,3,0)nonane, perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methoxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane and perfluoro-2-methylene-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane. The component (A) is chosen from hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and organic compounds. The component (B) is methane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer further contains monomers of perfluoro-2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane and perfluoro-2-methylene-4,5-methoxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane. The copolymer is dipolymer containing 25 mol% or more perfluoro-2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Methane-fermenting the process liquid is performed after taking out furfural and methane gas and methane fermentation drainage liquid are obtained. Ethanol fermentation is performed using yeast. Hexose is removed from pre-hydrolysis liquid and acid-treatment is performed. Preferred Components: Pre-hydrolysis liquid is pre-hydrolysis liquid which arises according to pre-hydrolysis of hardwood or pre-hydrolysis liquid which arises in dissolution kraft pulp production.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of aerobic sludge is 1 vol.% or less based on amount of organic wastewater introduced into the acid production tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation step is performed using four fermenters, which are serially connected with each other. Preferred Components: The food waste, the sawdust and the supplementary material are present in an amount of 40-60 wt.%. The microbial enzyme is present in an amount of 1 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The malodorous gas deodorization and liquefied fertilizer production equipment is installed with multiple diffusers for pulverizing fine particle-bubble of malodorous gas, and made of a rectangular parallel piped or the circular encapsulated type main body; and provided with the pall ring layer filled with ion exchange resin to adsorb odor causing molecules of odor gas venting from the upper part of the diffuser. The upper part of the ion exchange resin filled pall ring is formed with the distribution pipe nozzle for spraying washing water, which is circulated by a circulation pump. The diffuser installed in the water washing storage tank of the malodorous gas deodorization and liquefied fertilizer production equipment is installed at regular intervals to uniformly distribute odor gas on the upper portion of the ion-exchange resin pall ring. The gas collected in the malodorous gas deodorization and liquefied fertilizer production equipment is partially discharged through an outlet to recirculate into the wastewater and waste storage tank for further processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The water distribution pipe uses DN100 PVC tube. The sealed water pipe uses DN150 PVC tube. The top of the sealed water pipe is set with a cut-off wall, to prevent the overflow of water from the water distribution pipe in a horizontal direction. The ground surface layer soil is planted with strong decontamination ability strong and landscape effect Acorus calamus, cattail, reed, canna, Iris tectorum and Thalia dealbata. The sewage is fed into the water inlet after simple preprocessing of the domestic sewage. The domestic sewage is three-format septic tank sewage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The defluorinated phosphate is obtained by defluorinating wet phosphoric acid by chemical or physical process, where phosphorus pentoxide concentration is 20-60 wt.%, the mass ratio of phosphorus pentoxide/fluorine is greater than 350, preferably 450-500. In the step (a), the molar ratio of defluorinating phosphate and primary neutralizer is 2-2.5, the reaction temperature of the primary neutralization is 40-95 degrees C, preferably 70-80 degrees C, the reaction time is 0.5-2 hours, preferably 0.8-1.5 hours, more preferably 1 hour. In the step (b), the reaction temperature of secondary neutralization is 40-80 degrees C, preferably 70-80 degrees C, and the pH is 2.8-3.5. In the step (c), the reaction temperature of the tertiary neutralization is 50-100 degrees C, preferably 80-90 degrees C, and the pH is 4.3-7. The step (d) comprises either: (di) cooling and crystallizing the filtrate C, filtering, and drying to obtain water-soluble NPK fertilizer; (dii) concentrating, cooling, crystallizing, filtering and drying the filtrate C to obtain water-soluble NPK fertilizer; or (diii) concentrating and spray-drying the filtrate C to obtain water-soluble NPK fertilizer. In the steps (di) and (dii), the drying temperature is 50-100 degrees C, preferably 60 degrees C. In the steps (diii), the concentrating temperature is 70-140 degrees C, preferably 80-11 degrees C, and the spray-drying temperature is 60-200 degrees C, preferably 90-110 degrees C. In the step (e), the drying temperature is 80-300 degrees C, preferably 100-130 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Compound (I) which is 33-(4-Hydroxy-furazan-3-yl)-1-oxa-2,4-diaza-spiro(4.5)dec-2-en-4-ol is synthesized by stirring and reacting 0.477 g compound (II) and 6 ml methanol at 20 degrees C in reaction container, adding 0.441 g cyclohexanone, stirring and reacting at 20 degrees C, for 1 hour, evaporating methanol, and purifying by column chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride or tetrabutyl ammonium bromide. The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or 1,4-dioxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali metal hydroxide is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or cesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zero-valent palladium catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium (0). The organoborane reagent is 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane or its dimer. EXAMPLE - In 42 mL tetrahydrofuran (42 ml) solution of 6 g (S)-tert-butyl(1-(4-amino-6-bromo-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-7H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)but-3-en-2-yl)carbamate, 0.5M 141.3 ml tetrahydrofuran solution of 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane was added under room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere, and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, 2N 84.8 mL sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the reaction liquid at room temperature and deaerated under pressure reduction. 1.7 g Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) was added to mixture under nitrogen atmosphere, stirred at 66 degrees C for 12 hours, filtered, organic layer was separated after cooling, washed using 60 ml 20% ammonium chloride aqueous solution, and purified by silica gel column chromatography, to obtain 4.46 g (S)-tert-butyl(4-amino-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro pyrimido(5,4-b)indolizin-8-yl)carbamate with yield of 88%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves crushing by acid treatment or ultrasonic treatment, and performing anaerobic fermentation using bacterial strains chosen from Clostridium beijerinckii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Actinobacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus licheniformis and Zymomonas mobilis, or yeast chosen from Kluyveromyces sp., Candida sp., Saccharomyces sp. and Pichia stipitis. The method involves trapping the hydrogen gas produced using gas separation membrane having niobium alloy foil, preprocessing the protein component with enzyme, preferably protease, and producing bioalcohol from the preprocessed protein component using yeast or bacteria chosen from Kluyveromyces sp., Candida sp., S.cerevisiae, Lactobacillus sp. and Proteus sp., preferably P.mirabilis. The method involves producing bioalcohol under the condition of dark and pH of 5-6, and converting at least 85% carbohydrate, 60% or more protein and 95% or more lipid from the biomass and 80% or more whole plant biomass into energy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ball milling rotating speed is preferably at 500 revolutions per minute for 3 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Solvent used during extraction is chosen from methanol, n-hexane, cyclohexane, diethyl ether, chloroform and methylene dichloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidation catalyst is ceramic honeycomb carrier and composite coating covering the surface. The coating comprises 40-70 wt.% silica, 8-30 wt.% zirconium oxide, 5-25 wt.% cerium oxide, 5-20 wt.% lanthanum oxide, 1-5 wt.% nickel oxide, and 1-5% calcium oxide, where surface coating is loaded with platinum, palladium and lanthanum as active component at molar ratio of 0.1-1:0.2-1.5:1.5-4. The amount of platinum and palladium is 0.2-3.5 g and 0.4-5.2 g per liter catalyst. Preferred Method: The catalyst is prepared by preprocessing carrier, preparing composite coating liquid, coating carrier, and loading with metal active component. The honeycomb ceramic carrier preprocessing method is carried out by placing carrier in 0.5-2% diluted hydrochloric acid, soaking for 1-6 hours, ultrasonic washing for 0.5-4 hours, heating at 60-150 degrees C for 0.5-6 hours, and drying for 5 hours. The coating liquid is prepared by adding raw materials in container, stirring, adding distilled water, and stirring for 4-16 hours. The coating process is carried out by coating carrier at 5-60 degrees C, blowing liquid using compressed air at 60-160 degrees C for 3-16 hours, and roasting for 3-16 hours. The active component loading process is done by coating active metal component, staying for 3-60 minutes, drying at 60-160 degrees C for 3-16 hours, and calcining at 3-16 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial organic fertilizer contains more than 5x 108/g of Geobacillus kaustophilus strain NJRC-14, 4-5 wt.% of total nitrogen, more than 90 wt.% of organic nitrogen, 6-10 wt.% of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and 30-35 wt.% of organic matter. Preferred Method: The PDA culture liquid is prepared by taking 200 g/l of potato, peeling, cutting into pieces, boiling in water for 30 minutes, then filtering using four layer gauze filter, adding 20 g/l of common sucrose and 40 g/l of vegetable to the filtrate, regulating the volume to 1000 ml, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.4 and sterilizing at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes. The Geobacillus kaustophilus strain NJRC-14 in the step (a) is cultured at 37-41 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The agent further includes Bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma. Preferred Method: The method comprises rotting corn straw at 5 degrees C for culture enrichment, diluting the extract with cellulose as double-layer flat plate coating unique carbon source, until single colonies are picked to obtain strain YO-H. The method comprises culturing YO-H of strain by adding strain in 30 ml liquid culture medium in inclined plane preservation tube and culturing at 37 degrees C and 200-250 revolutions per minute for 20-24 hours, inoculating the 1% bacteria at 37 degrees C and a rotating speed of 200-250 revolutions per minute for 20-24 hours, inoculating the bacteria into a fermentation tank, sterilizing inoculation of inoculum size of 1%, at 37 degrees C under a rotating speed of 180-200 revolutions per minute and a ventilatory capacity of 1:0.8, a pressure of 0.02 MPa and a time of 24-36 hours, then adding bean sprout and deionized water for boiling for 20 minutes, where the mass fraction of bean sprout is 25%, filtering dregs, adding 5 mass% of glucose of to dissolve and uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 7, sterilizing at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes and preparing strains activation and shake flask culture medium by adding bean sprout and deionized water for boiling for 20 minutes, where the mass fraction of the bean sprout is 25%, filtering dregs, adding 5 mass% of glucose, 2 mass% of agar and uniformly mixing, adjusting the pH value to 7 and sterilizing at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: (I) is isolated from cattle ruminant stomach and white in color, and has neat edges, moist sticky nature, negative gram stain and 16S ribosomal DNA sequence as given in the specification, classified by Biolog Microbial Identification System.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Ibuprofen and 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine are reacted in presence of an organic solvent at room temperature, esterified for 1-24 hours in presence of condensing agent and catalyst, filtered, washed using 5 wt.% sodium bicarbonate solution, further washed using purified water until it is neutral, dried and decompression distilled to obtain ibuprofen piconol.Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from methylene dichloride, dimethyl formamide, ethyl acetate, toluene, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, butanone, trichloromethane, trichloroethane, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, isopropyl ether and n-hexane. The condensing agent is N,N'-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide and/or its hydrochloride salt, N,N'-diisopropyl carbodiimide, and/or hydroxybenzotriazole. The catalyst is 4-dimethylaminopyridine. The molar ratio of ibuprofen, 2-pyridine, condensing agent and catalyst is 0.8-1.1:1.2:1-1.2:0.05-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of compound (I), compound (II), organic base (B1) and condensing agent (C1) is 1:1.05-2.5:1.1-20:1.1-18. The molar ratio of compound (III), compound (IV), organic base (B2) and condensing agent (C2) is 1:1.05-2.5:1.1-20:1.1-20. The molar ratio of compound (V), compound (VI), organic base (B3) and condensing agent (C3) is 1:1.05-2.5:1.1-20:1.1-10. Preferred Definitions:    primary group=methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tertiary butyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Temperature in entrance stage is below the kindling temperature of biomass. Preferred Components: Solid materials removed from exit stage are selected from dry biomass, partially torrefied biomass, roasted biomass, biochar, and/or carbon. Chemicals separated from water and solid materials are selected from tars, oils, and/or wood vinegar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The pyrolysis zone is fluidly connected to the combustion zone at an interface, where the comminution mechanism comprises the entirety of the interface. The comminution mechanism encircles the combustion zone. The system comprises casing comprising a solid material inlet, and casing defining the drying zone proximal the solid material inlet and defining the pyrolysis zone distal the solid material inlet across the drying zone, where the grinding mechanism defines the combustion zone, where the pyrolysis zone abuts against the comminution mechanism. The pyrolysis zone surrounds the comminution mechanism. The system comprises insert extending through the drying and pyrolysis zones and fluidly connected to the combustion zone, the insert defining a reduction zone. The system comprises char transportation mechanism distal the solid material inlet proximal the comminution mechanism and arranged below the comminution mechanism along a gravity vector, where the char transportation mechanism is fluidly connected to a char collection mechanism. The comminution mechanism comprises an abrading main portion and abrading cage, where the abrading cage is configured to translate along a broad face of the abrading main portion. The abrading main portion is solid and continuous. The broad face comprises abrading textured surface. The abrading cage comprises retention features configured to retain pyrolyzed material having a dimension larger than the threshold size. The retention features comprise apertures through a thickness of the abrading cage. The grinding mechanism further comprises a motor operatively connected to the abrading cage, where the motor is configured to translate the abrading cage relative to the abrading main portion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The immobilized bacteria is acetogenic bacteria or methanogenic bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first polymer, the second polymer and the third polymer include at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, poly(ethylene oxide), polypropylene oxide, nylon, and pluronic F127 dimethacrylate. The hollow fiber includes a fiber material including silicone, polypropylene and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The washing, dewatering, compressing and torrefying processes are sequentially performed. Cellulous particles are added to the compressed waste fibers during torrefaction to absorb byproduct oils and tar from the fibers. The cellulous particles are sawdust, absorbent rice hulls and/or peanut shells. The torrefying temperature and time are 600-700 degrees F and 30 minutes or less, respectively. The cooling temperature is less than 100 degrees F. The briquette after torrefaction is further recompressed and pulverized. The washing time is 5-10 minutes. The pressed waste fiber has moisture content of 60-65 wt.%. Preferred Apparatus: The torrefaction reactor has a sealable lid (44) having an internal thermometer for measuring an internal temperature of reactor, and a component having an external thermometer for gauging fired temperature around reactor. The torrefying of briquettes is completed when an evidence of gaseous discharge or bio-oil residue is observed around lid. The torrefaction reactor is removed from the heat source for cooling down. The lid is opened when the internal temperature of reactor is less than 100 degrees F for removal of briquettes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass comprises hardwood, softwood, hardwood bark, softwood bark, corn fiber, corn stover, sugar cane bagasse, switchgrass, Miscanthus, algae, waste paper, construction waste, demolition waste and/or municipal waste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst has both a hydrogenation function and an acid function. The hydrogenation function is a catalytic metal comprising ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and/or tungsten. The acid function is an acidic support material comprising clay, a zeolite, a non-zeolitic molecular sieve, a mixed metal oxide and/or sulfated zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition comprises 50-98 wt.% of petroleum derived gasoline, 1-20 vol.% of ethanol, and 1-30 wt.% of the lignin conversion product. Preferred Components: The aromatic-containing solvent comprises a byproduct of a hydrocarbon conversion process, or a single ring or fused ring aromatic compound. The byproduct is a 9C hydrocarbon fraction. The lignin conversion product comprises less than 0.1 wt.% of organic oxygen, at least 97 wt.% of hydrocarbons and 55-85 wt.% of aromatic hydrocarbons, and has a research octane number (RON) of 95-105. Preferred Process: The reaction conditions include a temperature of 200-600 degrees C (392-1112 degrees F) and a weight hourly space velocity of 0.1-20 hour-1. The lignin is obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass. At least a portion of the lignin is obtained as a byproduct of wood pulping and as a co-product of ethanol production from biomass. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (c) involves filtering the solution component through an ultrafiltration membrane and recovering the cellulase from filamentous fungi as non-permeate where the filamentous fungi is Trichoderma. The method involves pre-processing the cellulose containing biomass using dilute sulfuric acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The feedstock comprising bio-oil is chosen from oils or oily components obtained from thermal processing of biomass, from oils or oily components obtained from hydrothermal processing of biomass, from oils or oily components obtained from supercritical fluid treatment of biomass, from oils or oily components obtained from molten salt treatment of biomass, from oils or oily components obtained from ionic liquid treatment of biomass, and pyrolysis oils. The alcohol (20) is chosen from 1-6C primary and secondary alcohols. The alcohol (20) is methanol. Preferred Process: The liquid component is reacted with the alcohol or mixture of alcohols contained in the liquid component. A gaseous component (30) is separated during azeotropic distillation. An alcohol (70) is separated from the gaseous component and recycled to the azeotropic distillation. During alcoholysis step, an alcoholysis product is obtained and subjected to separation process to obtain alcohol (110) and converted bio-oil. The alcohol obtained during alcoholysis step is recycled to the azeotropic distillation. Preferred Conditions: The azeotropic distillation is carried out at 60-250 degrees C, preferably 65-230 degrees C under pressure of 0.1 bar to normal atmospheric pressure. The alcoholysis is carried out at 60-450 degrees C under pressure of normal atmospheric pressure to 250 bar, preferably normal atmospheric pressure to 150 bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The first predetermined temperature is below 5 degrees C. The predetermined pressure is less than or equal to 2 MPa. The method further comprises: prior to cooling, injecting an aqueous solution having a predetermined concentration of an anionic surfactant into the pressure vessel; warming the pressure vessel to a second predetermined temperature to recycle the aqeuous solution; prior to isolating the product gas, confirming that separation of the injected biogas and the biogas impurity has occurred by sampling the biogas within the pressure vessel; and injecting the biogas into the pressure vessel by bubbling the biogas into an aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate solution having a predetermined concentration. The second predetermined temperature is 2-25 degrees C. The purified gas is passed through water at room temperature. The biogas impurity formation ceases at clathrate formation equilibrium. The hydrates of one of carbon dioxide or hydrogen peroxide form after the induction period. The clathrate formation period follows the induction period and ends at the clathrate formation equilibrium. The clathrate formation period proceeds for less than 1 hour. Preferred Components: The biogas impurity is one of carbon dioxide, water or hydrogen sulfide. The anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate and the predetermined concentration is 300 ppm. The product gas has a methane content of at least 70%. The purified gas has a methane content of at least 95%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): A phosphinaldehyde precursor of formula (II) is reacted with a diamine of formula (III) in the presence of an iron (II) salt, ligand chosen from acetonitrile, yridine and their derivatives, and imidazole and their derivatives, and a strong base. The resultant product is reacted with carbon monoxide, to obtain hexa-coordinate iron (II) complex (I). EXAMPLE - 10.3 mmol Potassium hydride was partially dissolved in 10 mL dry tetrahydrofuran. 8.58 mmol Diphenylphosphine was added to the resultant mixture to produce purple solution. After 30 minutes, the solution was cooled at -78 degrees C and 8.58 mmol bromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal was added for 15 minutes. The mixture was brought to room temperature, to obtain yellow solution. 1.17 moll-1 Diluted hydrobromic acid was added and mixture was heated at 40 degrees C. The volume of solvent was reduced, white precipitate was recovered by filtration, washed using 20 mL water and 20 mL cyclohexane and ethyl acetate, and dried in vacuum, to obtain hexa-coordinate iron (II) complex.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus oxychloride and/or phosphorus pentachloride. The amount of the catalyst added is 0.1-10% (wt./wt.). The reaction catalyst in the step (b) is copper chloride, cuprous chloride, copper oxide and/or cuprous oxide. The amount of the catalyst added is 0.5-25% (wt./wt.).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding a catalyst and initiator into chlorinated solvent, simultaneously passing chlorine gas, adding raw material 4-chloroanisole, 3-chloroanisole and/or 2-chloroanisole, carrying out chlorination reaction under low illumination condition, carrying out photochemical chlorination reaction, removing the solvent at the reaction end point to obtain corresponding target product, where 30-80% of the volume of the reaction device is filled with the reaction liquid, at the same time, filling 100 l reaction liquid, and the chlorine gas is fed at a speed of 3-20 l/second and the reaction is carried out for 3-120 hours. The reaction is carried out at 40-150 degrees C. The amination process in the step (b) is carried out for 10-80 hours, at a pressure of 0.5-20 MPa at 30-300 degrees C. Preferred Components: The ratio of chlorinated solvent and the raw material is 1-20:1 (wt./wt.). The initiator is azobis isobutyrate dimethyl ester, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, benzoyl peroxide and/or lauroyl peroxide. The amount of initiator added is 0.1-10% (wt./wt.). The concentration of aqueous ammonia added is 25-90%. The ratio of trifluoromethoxy chlorobenzene and liquid ammonia is 1:10-45 (mol: mol).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The urea has 46% of nitrogen. The monoammonium phosphate contains 12% of nitrogen and 46% of phosphorus pentoxide. The potassium sulfate comprises 51% of potassium oxide. The calcium superphosphate comprises 12% phosphorus pentoxide. The microelement is zinc sulfate and borax (0.5 g:0.5 g). Preferred Method: The method involves weighing and mixing the raw materials, granulating the obtained mixture by existing method to obtain a compound fertilizer, drying the obtained fertilizer at 350 degrees C and cooling to room temperature to obtain the product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The alumina-free molecular sieve catalyst material is amorphous silica-alumina, clay, kaolin, montmorillonite, rectorite, illite, chlorite, intended boehmite, and/or silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The contacting agent is silica-alumina material and/or gasification catalyst. The catalyst is X-type zeolite, Y-type zeolite, mordenite, zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5), zeolite-pillared clay, and/or silicoaluminophosphate catalyst. Preferred Composition: The silica-alumina material comprises catalyst and/or catalyst-free alumina-free molecular sieve catalyst material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal content of heavy oil is 1-1000 mu g/g. The metal comprises 5 mu g/g nickel. The gasification catalyst comprises alkali metal, alkaline earth metals, natural minerals, synthetic materials, and/or materials containing potassium as active ingredient.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight percentage of carbon residue is 5-40 wt.%. The mass ratio of heavy oil and contact agent of 1-30:1. The mass ratio of heavy oil and steam is 0.05-1:1. Preferred Method: Reacting is carried out at 450-650 degrees C with weight hourly space velocity of 1-100 h-1. Gasifying is carried out at 600-800 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The wood is poplar, pine or birch. The non-wood is bagasse, corn straw, reed, wheat straw or straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is a chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In second step, the organic solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The method is conducted in a cylindrical tornado reactor. The flow is a reverse-vortex flow.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The oxygen or oxygen-rich gas stream is directly injected into the reactor separately from at least part of the hydrogen sulfide stream. The gas streams are: directed to position the plasma zone at or near an axis of the reaction chamber; and injected into the reactor to form a vortex flow of gases within the reactor. The plasma is a non-equilibrium plasma. The plasma zone is generated using a (rotating) gliding arc discharge, low current arc discharge, corona discharge, glow discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, spark discharge, pulsed corona, radio-frequency capacitively coupled discharge or microwave discharge. The temperature of an inner surface of the reaction chamber is lower than the temperature of the plasma zone to establish a temperature differential across the reaction chamber. The plasma zone causes a portion of the hydrogen sulfide to dissociate into gaseous sulfur and gaseous hydrogen. The flow of gases is directed such that the gaseous sulfur migrates from the plasma outward radially in a direction towards an inner surface of the reaction chamber. The temperature of the reactor sidewall is sufficiently low as to condense the gaseous sulfur on its approach to or contact with the inner surface. The process is conducted at a pressure of 0.5-10 atmosphere, and results in the production of less than 1% of sulfur dioxide, relative to the original hydrogen sulfide content. Preferred Components: The oxygen-rich gas stream contain less than 50 mol.% of a ballast gas. The molar ratio of hydrogen sulfide to oxygen injected into the reactor is 5-100 or 4-30. The plasma provides an energy to the reactor with the hydrogen sulfide/oxygen gas streams of 0.2-1. eV/ hydrogen sulfide molecule. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In modifying bio-oil, in step (a), a reduction reaction mixture is formed and the reduction reaction mixture is subjected to step (c), where in the polar solvent(s) is separated from the reduction reaction mixture, a solvent free reaction mixture is formed and an aqueous medium is added to the solvent free reaction mixture, and water and reaction product formed of the reducing agent are separated. A reduction reaction mixture is formed and the reduction reaction mixture is subjected to step (d), where in an aqueous medium is added to the reduction reaction mixture, and water and solvent(s) and reaction product formed of the reducing agent are separated. Preferred Components: The feedstock comprising bio-oil is selected from bio-oils, pyrolysis oils, any fractions of bio-oils, and its combinations. The polar solvent is selected from 1-10C alcohols, ethers and water and its combinations. The aqueous medium is selected from water, waste water streams, recirculated aqueous streams from the process or from another processes. Preferred Composition: The amount of the reducing agent/bio-oil is from 1:10 to 10:1 (w/w). Preferred Conditions: Reaction is carried out at a temperature from 20 to 200 degrees C. It under a pressure from normal atmospheric pressure (NTP) to 25 bar. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The catalyst pipe is currently formed by eighteen-eight stainless steel. The catalyst pipe accommodates sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide as metal hydroxide. Preferred Process: Iron material is supplied to catalyst pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The restructuring- and loosening device comprises a rotating restructuring body which rotates about a horizontal and/or perpendicular axis extending at the first extension direction. The restructuring- and loosening device, preferably the restructuring body, extends only over a portion of the total extent of the storage space is along the first extension direction between digestate application site and digestate extraction point. The restructuring- and loosening device is movable along the first direction of extension. The digestate conditioner comprises guides extending along the first extension, preferably a rail system to accommodate the restructuring- and loosening device. The restructuring- and loosening device on digestate conditioner, preferably on the guides, is carried by a distance varying device for varying the distance of the restructuring- and loosening device for storage space, preferably by a pivot member. The digestate conditioner comprises a conveyor for stopping the digestate. The storage space has a heating device and/or heat insulation. The storage space has a ventilation device for ventilation of the digestate. The rotational direction of restructuring body is oriented such that the upper vertex of the restructuring body moves in the direction of the digestate outlet. The fermentation residues are discharged through the restructuring- and loosening device from the digestate conditioner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base oil is ester having carbon/oxygen molar ratio of 2.5-5.8, and ether having carbon/oxygen molar ratio of 2.5-5.8, preferably polyol ester obtained from 4-9C fatty acid and 4-12C polyhydric alcohol, polyalkylene glycol, compound obtained by etherifying both terminal hydroxyl groups of polyalkylene glycol, and/or polyvinyl ether. The sulfide compound is thio-bis-phenolic compound. The orthophosphate ester is alkylphenyl phosphate having 3-4C alkyl group, triphenyl phosphate and/or tricresyl phosphate. The refrigeration oil further contains 2-20 %mass pentaerythritol tetra(2-ethylhexanoate) with respect to total content of refrigeration oil. The refrigerant contains hydrofluorocarbon, hydrofluoroolefin, carbon dioxide, and/or 2-4C hydrocarbon, preferably difluoromethane and/or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The bio-adsorption process is primary process for decomposing the organic matter from sludge. The organic matter adsorbed from the bio-adsorption tank is present in a concentration of 2000 mg/L sludge with aeration treating for 10-30 minutes when influent overflows to the bio-absorption settling tank. The bio-sludge is precipitated in 1-3 hours at lower part of the bio-adsorption precipitation tank, transferred by discharging the sludge to the anaerobic sludge digestion tank, and provides supplements by transferring some excess sludge discharged into the final precipitation tank of biological treatment process. The anaerobic ammonium oxidation process comprises performing aerobic ammonia oxidation to convert ammonium nitrogen to nitrite nitrogen, and performing anaerobic ammonia oxidation by reacting ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to convert into nitrogen gas, in a nitrite oxidation tank and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation tank respectively, where the nitrite oxidation tank has ammonia-oxidizing bacteria by maintaining the aerobic condition with appropriate light, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation tank has anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria by maintaining the anaerobic conditions to maintain the activity with appropriate light, or in a single reaction vessel simultaneously, where both reactions are performed in one reaction vessel through intermittent aeration. The bio-adsorption process is performed in bio-adsorption precipitation tank, where the bio-sludge is precipitated for 1-3 hours and transferred to the anaerobic sludge digestion tank. The bio-sludge is discharged through the lower part of the bio-adsorption precipitation tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Concentrated sulfuric acid has 98 mass% concentration. Molar ratio composite catalyst in ionic liquid:concentrated sulfuric acid is 0.1-10:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Waste oil is swill oil, catering waste oil, or rancid food oil. Ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid or N-methyl-2-ketopyrrolidine methanesulfonate ionic liquid. Preferred Conditions: Stirring speed is 400-1000 rpm. Composite catalyst circulation time is greater than or equal to 3 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The spore suspension is prepared by culturing the Trichoderma sp. in plates containing culture medium at 28 degrees C under static culture conditions for 3 days, adding 0.05% Tween 20 (RTM: Polysorbate 20), and collecting spores under sterile conditions to obtain spore suspension. The culture medium comprises 200 g potato, 20 g glucose, 18 g agar, and 1000 ml distilled water. The culture medium is obtained by sterilizing using autoclave at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes. Preferred Product: The prepared inoculant is sieved through 60 meshes sieve to obtain inoculant powder and has viable cell count of 1x 106 cells/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of pulverized coal added into concentrated sludge, is 5-10 wt.%. The amount of clay in concentrated sludge, is 1-5 wt.%. The amount of fly ash in the concentrated sludge, is 3-5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is formic acid, acetic acid or hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The average molecular weight of polyacrylamide flocculating agent is 2000000-15000000. The polyaluminum chloride flocculating agent is in powder form, where aluminum oxide content in the flocculating agent, is 25-28 wt.%. Preferred Method: The solid-liquid separation time is 2-3 hours. The temperature of evaporation concentration process, is 120 degrees C, and the time is 1-1.5 hours. The multi-effect evaporator is a six-effect evaporator. In the step (iv), the concentrated sludge is poured into a stirring mill, mixing with pulverized coal, clay and fly ash, and uniformly mixing, adding the honeycomb-type solid sludge mixed fuel into a pressing forming machine, then drying in a solid incinerator combustion furnace used in the production of heat, and performing multi-effect evaporation of water. The condensed and collected distilled water is reused in the production process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 4-phenoxy-benzoyl chloride, malononitrile and dimethyl sulfate is 1:1-2:2-4. The molar ratio of 4-phenoxy-phenyl (methoxy) vinylidene cyanide and 1-((3R)-(3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-4-carbonitrile-5-amino-1H-pyrazol-yl)-1-piperidinyl)-2-propen-1-one is 1:0.5-1.5. The pyrazole solvent of cyclization reaction is xylene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, dioxane, N,N-dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. The molar ratio of 1-((3R)-(3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-4-carbonitrile-5-amino-1H-pyrazol-yl)-1-piperidinyl)-2-propen-1-one and cyclizing agent is 1:2. The cyclizing agent is trimethyl orthoformate, triethyl orthoformate, formic acid, formamide, s-triazine, N, N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-diethyl formamide or N,N-dimethyl formamide dimethyl acetal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The drying agent is a mixture of anhydrous magnesium sulfate or anhydrous sodium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is selected from anhydrous ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali of water solution is selected from sodium hydroxide water solution, potassium hydroxide water solution, lithium hydroxide water solution, sodium bicarbonate water solution, sodium carbonate water solution, potassium carbonate water solution, potassium bicarbonate water solution, lithium bicarbonate water solution or lithium carbonate water solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent A is a tetrahydrofuran. The organic solvent B is toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Lapatinib salt is prepared by mixing lapatinib base and sulfuric acid in mol ratio of 1:0.4-0.6 at 0-100 degrees C for 0.5-24 hours to obtain lapatinib salt. Preferred Components: Organic solvent is selected from alcohol, ketone, alkane, ester, ether or nitrile. Alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, normal propyl alcohol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol or trifluoroethanol. Ketone is selected from acetone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-butanone or 3-methyl-2-butanone. Alkane is selected from dichloromethane, chloroform, nitromethane, n-hexane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane or toluene. Ester is selected from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, n-propyl acetate or isobutyl acetate. Ether is selected from methyl tert-butyl ether, ethanediol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, isopropyl ether. Nitrile is selected from acetonitrile or propionitrile. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from dimethyl formamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol and diethylene glycol, more preferably dimethyl sulfoxide. The weight ratio of crude allopurinol and dimethyl formamide is 1:18-22, when the organic solvent is dimethyl formamide. The weight ratio of crude allopurinol and dimethyl sulfoxide is 1:4-8, when the organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide. The weight ratio of crude allopurinol and ethylene glycol is 1:22-28, when the organic solvent is ethylene glycol. The weight ratio of crude allopurinol and activated carbon is 100:5-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Alkali solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The 1,2,3-trihalogenpropene is 1,2,3-trichloropropene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by dissolving abamectin Bla in tetrahydrofuran under inert gas protection, removing disaccharide group with inorganic acid hydrolysis at - 10 to 5 degrees C to obtain first compound; dissolving in halogenated alkane or low carbon ether, adding oxidizing agent at - 10 to 5 degrees C, oxidizing first compound to a ketone group at 10-30 degrees C, adding water, extracting, and purifying to obtain second compound; dissolving in alcohol, slowly dropping hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution at - 10 to 5 degrees C, extracting with low carbon ether or ester, and purifying; where the molar ratio of abamectin Bla and inorganic acid is 1:1-2; the molar ratio of first compound and oxidizing agent is 1:2-60; and the molar ratio of second compound and hydroxylamine hydrochloride is 1:2-40. Preferred Components: Alkyl is 1-4C straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl. Alkoxy is 2-6C alkoxy. Haloalkyl is 1-5 halogen atom-substituted haloalkyl. Alkylcarbonyl is 1-6C alkylcarbonyl. Alkoxycarbonyl is 1-6C alkoxycarbonyl. The amino group is 1-6C alkyl substituted with primary or secondary amine. Alkylamino is 1-6C alkylamino. Aryl is aromatic heterocyclic, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or aromatic ring heterocycloalkyl. The halogenated alkane is dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, preferably dichloromethane. The low carbon ether is 2-10C ether, preferably diethyl ether. The oxidizing agent is peroxide, manganese chloride or chromic acid pyridine onium salt i.e. preferably pyridinium chlorochromate. The alcohol is 1-6C alcohol, preferably isopropanol. The inorganic acid is halogen acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid. The ester is 2-10C ester. The extraction of organic phase in the second step is performed by using halogenated alkane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The drying agent is granular, and comprises 0.2-2 times anhydrous magnesium sulfate, or anhydrous sodium sulfate. The filter aid is activated carbon, diatomite, or quartz sand.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The crude sulfur red is prepared by fermenting erythrocin thiocyanate, concentrating, and crystallizing, where the crude sulfur red contains 1-25% methanol insoluble protein and mycelium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali aqueous solution is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Hydrolysis is carried out at - 10-10 degrees C. Preferred Component: The mass to volume ratio of 5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-N-((pentyloxy)carbonyl)cytidine to the alcohol substance is 1.5-2.5: 1. The alcohol substance is methanol or ethanol. The aminoacylation reaction includes pyridine. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pH value is 6.4 or 6.3, water absorption ratio is 450g/g or 500g/g, potassium content is greater than or equal to 27%; the use of acrylic acid is: specific gravity at 20 degrees C is 1.051 g/cm3, the boiling point is 141.3 degrees C, the flash point is 54.5 degrees C. The method comprises (i) preparing 31.8% 22000 g sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, (ii) continuously dropping prepared sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in 27000 g acrylic acid with purity more than 99.5%, carrying out neutralization reaction for 15-20 minutes, adding 1780 g acrylamide, 22000 g potassium sulfate, and then reducing the temperature to 56-65 degrees C, (iii) adding 10500 g straw powder (100-1500 mesh) in reaction solution, stirring and reducing the temperature to 55-46 degrees C, where the rotating speed is 90-110 revolutions/minute, adding 6 g methylene-bisacrylamide crosslinking agent, adding 7 g ammonium sulfate initiator, heating to 60-70 degrees C to process graft copolymerization, where the temperature in reaction process is controlled at 110-114 degrees C, the reaction time is 20 minutes, (iv) adding solidified and dried reaction liquid into a polymerization reactor and aging, polymerizing the reaction mixture for 5-20 minutes to solid, and naturally drying, and (v) crushing the solid product to obtain the finished product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Animal and vegetable oil is non-edible animal and vegetable oil, such as Jatropha curcas oil, waste oil, fatty acid alkyl ester, palm oil, palm kernel oil, cotton seed oil, Coptis wood oil, light skin tree oil, Xanthoceras sorbifolia oil, castor oil, tung oil, tallow, pig oil, fish oil, algae oil, biomass gasification-Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil, and/or biomass pyrolysis oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Volume ratio of mixed methanol, ethanol, and propanol is 1:3:6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Mesoporous molecular sieve has pore size of 1-10 nm. Preferred Components: Mesoporous molecular sieve contains HY-type zeolite molecular sieve with pore size of 1-2 nm or gradient mesoporous molecular sieve with pore size of 4-10 nm. High temperature and high pressure reactor is hydrothermal reactor or fixed bed continuous flow hydrogenation reactor. Preferred Conditions: Calcining temperature is 550 degrees C, and heating rate is 5 degrees C/minute. Bio-oil reaction temperature is 500 degrees C, and heating rate is 4 degrees C/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Bio-oil is microalgae oil or vegetable fats and oils. Mass ratio of bio-oil and catalyst is 20:1. Preferred Process: Microalgae oil is processed using Soxhlet extraction apparatus at 60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of citric acid, cobalt nitrate and water in mixed solution (A) is preferably 1-1.2:1:278.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The volume ratio of chloroform and methanol is 1:1. The capacity of microwave digestion tank is 50-300 ml and the number of tanks is 4-10. Biodiesel oil is added with 3.8-4.3 mg/ml 19C:0 fatty acid methyl ester. Quantitative analysis of components is carried out using gas chromatography. The qualitative analysis of the components of bio-crude oil is carried out using mass spectrometry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The filter is a cross-flow membrane separation device, where pore size of membrane is 0.2 mu m. The method involves mixing starch-based biomass and sterile water in ratio of 1:1-1:5, sterilizing the mixture, performing saccharification in saccharification kettle at 50-90 degrees C and 4-7 pH using 5-25 U/g alpha -amylase and 100-250 U/g glucoamylase, collecting saccharified liquid from saccharification kettle, feeding to the filter, returning solid phase to the saccharification kettle, feeding the filtered liquid to fermentation vessel, and fermenting the liquid using yeast culture comprising 10-30 g/l agar, 10-20 g/l peptone and 5-15 g/l yeast powder at 20-50 degrees C and 4-7 pH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microwave digestion is performed at 100-150 degrees C, 0.1-0.8 mPa and 2-3 GHz microwave frequency for 5-30 minutes. The pre-processing method involves crushing cellulose-containing raw material before mixing with acidic solution, where the crushed raw material has particle size of not greater than 550 microns and moisture content of not greater than 2 wt.%. The crushed raw material is mixed with 0.1-5 wt.% acidic solution, where the weight ratio of crushed raw material and acidic solution is 1-10:100. The amount of cellulase mixed with per g dry weight of cellulose-containing raw material is 1-5 wt.%. The hydrolysis is performed at 35-45 degrees C and 4-5 pH for 60-100 hours. Preferred Components: The acidic solution is an acid at least one chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, selenic acid, perchloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid and hydroiodic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Acid or acid anhydride is selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or acetic anhydride. Raw material is selected from straw, corn, wood, nut shell, grass, paper, barley, wheat, leaves, cotton seed, newspaper, willow, oat shell or their mixture. Sugar is produced during biomass processing, where sugar is glucose and/or xylose. Biomass is fermented using yeast to obtain chemicals, where chemicals are ethanol, methanol, butanol, citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, glucose acid, acetone, glutamic acid or hormone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Bleaching process requires alkali and cellulose (2-3 wt.%) at 70-100 degrees C for 0.5-3 hours. Chelating process requires mass pulp of cellulose (0.5-1.5 wt.%) at controlled pH (2-4) at 50-80 degrees C for 0.5-3 hours. Acid treatment requires, mass pulp of cellulose (1-2 wt.%) at controlled pH (2-4) at 30-50 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours with pulp consistency 3-6%. Acid treatment is carried out at 30-90 degrees C, where solid-liquid concentration is in a molar ratio of 1:8-1:10. Washing process is carried out at 60-90 degrees C. Preferred Components: Alkali agent is selected from alkali sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Chelating agent is Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or sodium hexametaphosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A spiral hot-air channel is set in the gap along the axis direction of the cylinder, and two ends of the spiral hot-air channel are connected to the hot-air inlet pipe and hot-air outlet pipe separately. The machine comprises two spiral hot-air channels. The cylinder is made of stainless steel material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Water content of fuel layer is 20-40%. Biomass fuel layer is biomass powder or biomass granule. Biomass is rice husk, rice straw, corn stalks and wheat straw containing high amount of ash content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Culture in liquid composite culture medium is performed by culturing under aerobic conditions and oxygen atmosphere for 3-7 days, stirring, and culturing under aerobic conditions and oxygen atmosphere for 15-25 days until pH of liquid composite culture medium is 3-4.
ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant; Antibacterial; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The raw material comprises: 1-2 kg enzymatic microbial fermentation agent (chicken manure fermentation agent); 1-2 kg normal edible brown sugar; 1% of fine rice bran, wheat bran or corn bran; 30% crushed crop straw (rice husk powder and saw dust); 70% fresh manure including pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and deer droppings; and 40-50% moisture. Preferred Method: The manufacturing of organic fertilizer comprises pouring fresh manure into a mixer added with raw materials, then adding rice hull and water, and mixing uniformly. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The crop straw is gramineous crop straw and/or leguminous crop straw. The weight ratio of gramineous crop straw and/or leguminous crop straw is 3-10:1. The gramineous crop straw includes corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and/or Sorghum pole. The leguminous crop straw includes soybean straw, peanut pole, peanut shell, broad bean and/or pea pole. The weight ratio of straw blasting material and feather blasting material is 10-20:1. The weight ratio of straw blasting material and feather blasting material to the aerobic activated sludge is 1-3:1-2. The poultry feather is chicken feather or duck feather. Preferred Method: The step (a) is carried out by crushing the gramineous crop straw and leguminous crops straw to 3-10 cm at temperature of 150-190 degrees C, carrying out steam explosion treatment of the crushed material under steam pressure of 1-1.6 MPa for 8-20 minutes to obtain straw blasting material, then carrying out steam explosion treatment of the poultry feather at temperature 120-180 degrees C under steam pressure of 0.8-1.5 MPa for 10-30 minutes to obtain feather blasting material. The compost fermentation of the mixture is carried out by fermenting at temperature of 35-45 degrees C for 14-30 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 10-12 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. plant ash, 5-6 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. carbon slurry, 8-12 pts. wt., preferably 8 pts. wt. bean dregs and dreg mixture, 1-2 pts. wt., preferably 1 pts. wt. hydrogen peroxide, 0.5-1 pts. wt., preferably 0.5 pts. wt. yeast, 10-15 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. diluted beer liquid, 3-6 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. lime powder, 4-6 pts. wt., preferably 4 pts. wt. aqueous ammonia and 15-20 pts. wt., preferably 15 pts. wt. deionized water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 15-20 pts. wt., preferably 15 pts. wt. dregs of fermenting solution, 10-15 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. rapeseed cake fermented solution, 3-6 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. bovine heart sub-powder, 0.3-0.6 pts. wt., preferably 0.3 pts. wt. pyrethroid, 2-5 pts. wt., preferably 2 pts. wt. potassium permanganate solution, 4-8 pts. wt, preferably 4 pts. wt. fallen leaves humus soil and 10-15 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. diluted beer liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon, aluminum substance and thermal catalyst waste are added simultaneously/individually into the aqueous liquid and mixed uniformly. The waste heating temperature is less than 900 degrees C, preferably less than 850 degrees C. Preferred Method: The thermal catalyst is capable of promoting silicon and aluminum substance to form ceramic bond. The thermal catalyst is alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal containing catalyst. The silicon substance is silicon element or silicon compound. The aluminum substance is aluminum element or aluminum compound. The slow release carrier further comprises alkali metal or alkali metal compound and alkaline-earth metal or alkaline-earth metal compound. The aluminum compound is aluminum and/or its covalently bonded substance, and the silicon compound is silicon and/or its covalently bonded substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pressing step is carried out by crushing the seed along with other feed components.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (iii) and (iv) comprises neutralizing the glycerol obtained after dealcoholization, and carrying out activated carbon adsorption, to obtain more than 95% of industrial grade glycerin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reacted mixture comprises a crude glycerin layer as a lower layer, and a product layer as an upper layer. A decompression distilling device dehydrates and dries the reacted mixture to obtain pure biodiesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Parameter: Thickness of sand and stone concrete cushion layer is 50 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Parameter: Stainless steel heat exchange coil tube has tube center distance of 50 mm and circulation designed flow rate of 30 m3/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: Tank temperature probe is made of anticorrosive stainless steel material i.e. sus304/2b and sealed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Biogas digester temperature during medium-temperature fermentation is 17-35 degrees C, and lower limit of inlet temperature of solar-energy-heated hydraulic fluid is 60 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (c) involves mixing livestock manure and straw solids in weight ratio of 1:1, and fermenting the mixture at 15-55 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The livestock manure is one or more of pig manure, dairy manure or sheep manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The C. militaris has cordycepin content of 0.5-1%, cordycepic acid content of 12-14%, adenosine content of 0.1-0.2%, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of 280-300 international units (IU)/g, and polysaccharide content of 28-30%. The other nutrients comprise 2-3% fat, 12-13% protein, 8-9% total amino acid, 0.16-0.18% calcium, and 0.25-0.27% iron. ACTIVITY - Immunostimulant; Immunomodulator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Extruding is done at 120-135 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The tablet comprises prasugrel and additive at mass ratio of 15:85-35:65, preferably 15:85-30:70. The additives further comprise 60-75 pts. wt. filler, 2-5 pts. wt. disintegrant, 2-5 pts. wt. binder and/or 1-3 pts. wt. lubricant. The additives comprise 50-60 pts. wt. mannitol, 10-15 pts. wt. microcrystalline cellulose, 2-5 pts. wt. crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-5 pts. wt. hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 1-3 pts. wt. magnesium stearate. Preferred Component: The filler is microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, mannitol and/or starch. The disintegrant is crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, crosslinked povidone and/or sodium carboxymethyl starch. The binder is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and/or dextrin. The lubricant is magnesium stearate, silica powder and/or glyceryl behenate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reflux is carried out by adding medicinal raw materials with 5-15 times 50-70 wt.% alcohol-water, refluxing 1-3 times for 1.5-4 hours/extraction, adding residue with 5-15 times water, refluxing for 1.5-4 hours, combining extracts, and concentrating until no more alcohol taste. The elution is carried out in D101, D102 or AB-8 macroporous resin column.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The medicine valid parts comprise 2-10 wt.% ferulic acid, 20-50 wt.% liquiritin, 3-15 wt.% senkyunolide I, 5-20 wt.% isoliquiritin, 0.1-5 wt.% isodehydrogenase, 1-10 wt.% glycyrrhizin, and 0.1-5 wt.% saikosaponin B2 contents. ACTIVITY - Nootropic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The loading is carrying out by spin coating method, brushing, spraying or the salt load in zeolite membranes on both sides of the front and the back. The dipping method comprises immersing the zeolite membrane in 0.01-50 wt.%, preferably 0.1-5 wt.% concentrated salt solution at -40-100 degrees C for 1 second to 2 days, preferably 1 second to 180 minutes. The solvents in salt solution are acetone, water and alcohols. The drying temperature is up to 200 degrees C. The ion exchange reaction is carried out at 100-500 degrees C for 1-8 hours under vacuum, oxygen air, inert gas, air, pure oxygen or diluted oxygen atmosphere and the rate of temperature rise for 0.1-5 degrees C per minute. Preferred components: The templating agent removed molecule sieve membrane is SAPO-34, zeolite socony mobil-5, silicalite-1, titanium silicate-1, aluminophosphate-18, SAPO-18, aluminophosphate-5, SAPO-5, DDR, mobil crystalline material-22, beta and A zeolite membrane, preferably SAPO-34. The metal salt of cation is alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and transition metal ions. The metal salt of anion is anaerobic ions of fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide and sulfide ions and oxygen containing ions of nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, sulfate, carbonate and acetate ion. The alkali metal salt is sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lithium nitrate, rubidium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, calcium chlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium benzoate, magnesium benzoate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium acetate, lithium formate, sodium formate, potassium formate and calcium formate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst raw material contains magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and/or magnesium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is manufactured using dispersing agent and precipitator. The dispersing agent is polyethylene glycol and/or isopropyl alcohol. The precipitator is ammonia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The heating step is carried out at temperature of 65 degrees C for 4 hours. Preferred Components: The catalyst is present in an amount of 2%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mole ratio of methanol and soybean oil is 9:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of aluminum source, phosphorus source, silicon source, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) and crystal seed reaction liquid is 1:1-2:0.3:-0.6:1-3:55-150. The molar ratio of aluminum source, phosphorus source, silicon source, TEAOH, di-N-propylamine, fluoride and sieve membrane synthesis in mother liquid is 1:0.5-3.5:0.05-0.6:0.5-8:0.1-4:0.01-1:50-300. Aluminum source is aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum hydroxide, elemental aluminum and aluminum salt. Aluminum salt is aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and aluminum phosphate. Phosphorus source is phosphoric acid. Silicon source is tetraethyl orthosilicate, n-methyl silicate, silica sol, silica, sodium silicate and sodium silicate. The size of SAPO-34 molecular sieve crystal seed is 50-1000 nm. Porous carrier comprises porous ceramic tube at diameter of 5-2000 nm. Porous carrier is aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, silicon carbide and silicon nitride. Fluoride is hydrogen fluoride and fluoride salts. Fluoride salt comprises main aromatic metal salts and transition metal salts. Fluoride salt is potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride and ammonium fluoride. Preferred Methods: The coating is carried out by waxing porous carrier, cleaning, drying, adding SAPO-34 molecular sieve crystal seed coating to porous carrier inner surface. Coating method is brush coating and dip coating. Synthetic mother liquid is prepared by mixing aluminum source, phosphorus source and water, stirring for 1-5 hours, adding silicon source, stirring for 0.5-2 hours, adding TEAOH, stirring for 0.5-2 hours, adding di-N-propylamine, stirring for 0.5-2 hours, adding fluoride, reacting at 60 degrees C, and stirring for 12-96 hours. Oven drying is carried out under inert gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The slurry is dairy manure, pig manure, kitchen garbage, chicken manure, straw, grass, fermented vinegar residue feedstock and fermented product gas. The sewage is domestic sewage. Preferred Process: The electro-flocculation treatment is carried out at constant current of 2-15 A. Biogas from sewage or slurry is passed into the bottom of biogas equipment through a gas diffuser, and batch-type process is carried out. The biogas discharged from the sewage and slurry is recycled. The multi-stage process for electro-flocculation is carried out in 2-10 levels.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The material of anode and cathode is iron-based alloy, aluminum-based alloy, zinc-based alloy, iron, aluminum or zinc.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Large aquatic plant is emergent plant. Emergent plant is Canna, Calamus, water bamboo, cress, or spinach.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Straw matrix is cut into 2-3 cm pieces, continuously soaked into 5-10 mass% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 10-15 days, changed sodium hydroxide aqueous solution every day, repeatedly washed with tap water or distilled water for 3-5 times, dried, and irradiated by UV light for 15-40 minutes having wavelength of 240-270 nm and distance of 10-15 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culturing step is performed for 30 degrees C at rotating speed of 180 rpm for 8 hours, where the concentration of cells in overnight culture is 1-2 g/l. The size of inoculum is 5%. The concentration of azo dye is less than or equal to 1000 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Extraction and reverse extraction is carried out by hydrolyzing wastewater at room temperature, adding extractant, extracting with water, mixing, reverse extracting at 50-90 degrees C, adding caustic soda, separating stripping solution, recycling extractant, centrifuging stripping solution, extracting with water, adding caustic soda, filtering, concentrating, evaporating and crystallizing. Treatment and utilization includes acidification. Preferred Components: Diluent is sulfonated kerosene, kerosene, n-hexane, benzene, toluene and/or xylene. Wastewater includes 500-550 g/L sulfuric acid and 50-100 g/L sodium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The treatment material comprises wooden meal, rice husk and organic matter material. The microbial agent includes Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lentus, B.subtilis, Lactobacillus, microzyme, enzyme and synergistic active carrier. The ratio of the B.licheniformis, Bacillus lentus, B.subtilis is 1:1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The preparation of animal manure organic fertilizer further comprises filter, removing residue, packing, and fermenting at 30-40 degrees C for 31 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves adjusting carbon and nitrogen ratio to 20/30. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The absorbent or support material is cattle manure, mushroom residue or decomposed organic fertilizer (high temperature decomposition), where moisture content of the organic fertilizer is less than or equal to 30%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersion material is white carbon black having 20-1000 meshes. Preferred Composition: The content of dispersed material is 0.5-2%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The absorbent is polyacrylamide or potassium polyacrylate. Preferred Composition: The content of the absorbent material is 0.8-1.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The above-cited raw materials are crushed and fermented for 2-3 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The humic acid type fluid or solid organic fertilizer composition comprises 20-60 pts. wt., preferably 30-50 pts. wt. filter mud fermentation liquid, 1-5 pts. wt., preferably 2-4 pts. wt. fertilizer element, 1-5 pts. wt., preferably 1-3 pts. wt. trace element fertilizer, 5-10 pts. wt., preferably 6-8 pts. wt. activated humic acid, 5-10 pts. wt., preferably 6-10 pts. wt. amino acid complex, and 1-5 pts. wt., preferably 2-4 pts. wt. osmotic agent. The filter mud from sugar refinery is obtained by using cane sugar or beet sugar factory. The filter mud fermentation liquid is prepared by adding water to the fermentation tank and raising temperature to 50-80 degrees C, preferably 60-75 degrees C, adding fresh filter mud to the fermentation tank, and uniformly stirring the mixture, where the weight ratio of the filter mud, water and fermentation microbial inoculum is 100-200:200-600:0.5:5, preferably 120-160:300-500:1-3, filtering the fermentation liquid and maintaining at 50-80 degrees C for 5-10 days, collecting the fermentation liquid and removing the bottom precipitate, concentrating the fermentation liquid at normal temperature of 60-80 degrees C, maintaining pH of the concentrated fermentation liquid to 6-8, where the fermentation microbial inoculum includes Aspergillus oryzae, A.niger, Bacillus cereus, and B.megaterium. The trace element fertilizer comprises calcium sulfate, magnesium chloride zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and acid ammonium. The wetting osmotic agent includes trisiloxane polyethenoxy ether, and methyl oleoyl taurate in a weight ratio 1:1-2. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Fertilizer comprises thifluzamide (0.05-0.5 pts.wt.). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is sprayed 1-3 times, preferably 2-3 times on cucumber field (Claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): organic raw material (30), urea (22), monoammonium phosphate (15), potassium chloride (10), clay (22), boron (0.9) and microbial strain (0.1), where organic material is mixture of (in wt.%): animal manure (80) and wood (20). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fermentation raw materials further comprises 60% pig manure, 10% straw, 30% mushroom residue and 0.3% microbial inoculum. The microbial inoculum further comprises 2-5% mixture of Trichoderma and Streptomyces in the ratio of 10:7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is multi-solvent containing glycerol, triethanolamine, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and/or diethanolamine, preferably glycerol triacetate and/or sulfolane. Solvent for extraction-distillation of 1st and 2nd phenol-rich oil fractions are different. Amount of solvent is 0.1-10 times, preferably 0.5-8 times the amount of 1st phenol-rich oil fraction or 2nd phenol-rich oil fraction. Preferred Conditions: 1st cutting temperature for obtaining 1st phenol-rich oil fraction is 170-230 degrees C, and 2nd cutting temperature for obtaining 2nd phenol-rich oil fraction is 200 degrees C. Theoretical plate number of extraction-distillation column is 5-20, column-top back-flow ratio is 1-5, column top temperature is 180-220 degrees C, column top pressure is 0.08-0.15 MPa, column bottom temperature is 200-280 degrees C, and column bottom pressure is 0.09-0.16 MPa. Theoretical plate number of solvent recovery column is 5-20, column-top back-flow ratio is 2-6, column top temperature is 200-230 degrees C, column top pressure is 0.08-0.15 MPa, column bottom temperature is 230-360 degrees C, and column bottom pressure is 0.09-0.14 MPa. Preferred Processes: 1st or 2nd phenol-rich oil fraction is fed from bottom of extraction-distillation column, solvent is introduced from the top, resulting de-phenolized oil is discharged from the column, phenol-rich solvent stream is discharged from the column and entered into solvent recovery column, separated phenolic compounds are discharged from the top of solvent recovery column, and recovered solvent is discharged from the bottom of solvent recovery column to be recycled. The 2nd de-phenolized oil is obtained after removing phenol from combined 2nd phenolic products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The fibrous material includes at least one of corn starch or shredded paper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves mixing 70 parts pyrolyzed coffee grounds with 10 parts binding agent that includes oil or food product; mixing pyrolyzed coffee grounds and binding agent with fibrous material (preferably mixing 70 parts pyrolyzed coffee grounds with 1 part fibrous material); treating the oil with a surfactant before mixing the oil with the pyrolyzed coffee grounds; pyrolyzing the coffee grounds at 1200 degrees F for 45 minutes; pressing the mixture in a tube mold; and placing the charcoal cubes in a flammable bag. Preferably the method for forming charcoal from coffee grounds involves: pyrolyzing coffee grounds at 1200 degrees F for 45 minutes to form pyrolyzed coffee grounds; mixing the pyrolyzed coffee grounds with a food product and a fibrous material to form a mixture; and pressing the mixture into a charcoal cube. The charcoal cube is pressed in a tube mold. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, oxygen or ozone. The basic catalyst is silicates, aluminates, zeolites, alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth oxides, alkali metal oxides, rare earth oxides, preferably thorium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc peroxide, titanium dioxide, alkali ion-exchanged zeolites, alkali ion-added zeolites, alkali metal ions on alumina, alkali metal ions on silica, alkali metals on alkaline earth oxides, alkali metals and alkali metals hydroxides on alumina, on hydrotalcite, on chrysotile, on sepiolite, potassium fluoride supported on alumina, lanthanide imide or nitride on zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The thermal processing is pyrolysis. The temperature of the feedstock is 250-800 degrees C. The oxidation is carried out at a temperature of 300-800 degrees C, preferably 300-500 degrees C and under a pressure of 0.5-50 bar. The condensation is carried out at a temperature of 300-450 degrees C. The condensation stage is carried out under a pressure of Normal Temperature and Pressure (NTP) to 20 bar. Preferred Components: The feedstock is pyrolysis vapor or a combination of pyrolysis vapors.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 10 kHz to 1 MHz. The method involves irradiating ultrasonic wave in the precursor layer and producing hole with the diameter of 0.1-1000 mu m. The catalyst support particles are the carbon particles which supported the metal catalyst. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biofuel further contains surfactant and emulsion fuel. Preferred Process: The emulsion fuel is obtained by emulsifying the fuel oil used as normal fuel. The emulsification of oil component is performed in the presence of surfactant or ozone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The polypeptide: is derived from mannanase Man5A or Man26A of Podospora anserina respectively defined by the protein sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 (a 355 amino acid sequence fully defined in the specification) and SEQ ID NO: 11 (a 447 amino acid sequence fully defined in the specification); is defined by sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 3-10 (one of 8 (355-366) sequences all fully defined in the specification) and/or SEQ ID NOs: 13-14 (one of 2 (447-448) sequences all fully defined in the specification) different from the amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 11. The polynucleotide is defined by sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 15-19 (one of 5 (1068-1347) sequences all fully defined in the specification).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises other hydrolases such as mannanases, endoglucanases, exoglucanases, beta -glucosidase or xylanase, and cellulase enzymatic cocktail of Trichoderma reesei. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of propane with respect to total weight of propylene and propane is 30-70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing water vapor blasting process or diluting sulfuric acid process. The method involves heating the biomass with 100 degrees C or less water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: The manufacturing method includes determining whether predetermined threshold value is smaller than total heat ratio of wood-type biomass after inoculation process. If total heat ratio of wood-type biomass after inoculation process is less than the threshold value, growth of brown rot fungi inoculated in wood-type biomass is inhibited or stopped. Prior to inoculation of brown rot fungi in wood-type biomass, brown rot fungi are cultured and nutrient of brown rot fungi is removed from cultured brown rot fungi. Process of culturing brown rot fungi involves aggregating hypha of brown rot fungi in culture solution and producing aggregate. Nutrient removal process involves taking out aggregate from culture solution. Brown rot fungi are cultured in gel-like culture medium, and cultured brown rot fungi are adhered to wood chip introduced in culture solution. Wood chip containing brown rot fungi is taken out from culture medium. Prior to process of allowing cultured brown rot fungi to adhere to wood chip, inhibitor which inhibits proliferation of brown rot fungi is removed from wood chip.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 4-methyl guaiacol is more than 80 wt.%. The biological oil is biomass. The biomass is lignocellulose biomass including wood, rice hull, and bagasse. Preferred Method: The biological oil is prepared by quickly pyrolyzing biomass under anaerobic or anoxic condition. The 3,4-dimethoxytoluene is prepared by putting 80-99 wt.% 4-methyl guaiacol into low pressure reactor, adding dropwise sodium hydroxide solution and water, and polyethylene glycol 600, stirring to dissolve, ice cooling to 5 degrees C, ice bathing at 0-10 degrees C, adding dropwise dimethyl sulfate for 2 times each for 0.5-1.5 hours, reacting at room temperature for 1 hour, heating to 80 degrees C, adding 30% aqueous caustic soda, reacting for 1 hour, adding 30% aqueous caustic soda, refluxing, distilling, adding 50-75% distilled water, separating oil layer, reacting, separating oil and water, adding 30% aqueous caustic soda, washing twice, distilling at 96-102 degrees C and pressure of 1300-1400 Pa under reduced pressure, and collecting fractions at 98-100 degrees C and pressure of 1334 Pa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The cultivation material has a pH of 4-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrolysis reaction is acid hydrolysis that is performed at 10-100 degrees C, where the acid is an inorganic acid selected from hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid. The inorganic alkali is selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acylation reaction is performed by using organic alkali or inorganic alkali, where the organic alkali is selected from diethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, 2,6-pyridine or piperidine. Preferred Process: The oxomorpholin compound of formula (II) is prepared by reacting methylideneamino propane of formula (III) with phenyl carbamate of formula (IV) in presence of base. The reaction is accomplished at 20-80 degrees C. The alkali is alkaline-earth metal alkali or organic alkali. The solvent is an aprotic polar solvent, ether solvent, chlorinated solvent or their mixture.X=benzyl or 1-8C alkyl group. Preferred Definitions:    R=phenyl at 2,3,4 positions, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dibromophenyl, 4-methyl phenyl, 3-methyl phenyl, 2-methyl phenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl or 2,4-dimethylphenyl; and    X=benzyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, amyl, garrison, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, heptyl base, octyl or isooctyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the step (b), the Mycena sp. is inoculated first and after 3 month the Armillaria sp. is inoculated. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves using acid catalyst chosen from sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The method further involves ion-exchange resin processing, decoloration treatment and crystallization process. ACTIVITY - Vasotropic; Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae is Chlorella sp. including Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella protothecoides, Chlorella kessleri, Chlorella luteoviridis, Chlorella sphaerica, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella salina, Chlorella maxima or Chlorella platensis (sic).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support comprises glass, metal, metal oxides, wood, paper, fiber, plastic, rubber, leather or silicon wafer. Preferred Method: The deposition is carried out by chemical vapor deposition and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether ether ketone or polyetherimide. The cationic polymer has aliphatic chain and positive group in the terminal. The cationic polymer comprises polydimethylaminomethylstyrene, polyvinylamine, polyaminoamide, poly-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), poly-1-vinylpyrrolidone, polydiethylaminoethyl acrylate, polydimethylaminoethyl acrylate, polydiethylaminoethyl methacrylate, preferably polydimethylaminomethylstyrene. The polymer film has thickness of 200 nm to 5 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The vegetable oil is chosen from soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, castor oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, olive oil, corn oil, grape seed oil, hazelnut oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, and sesame oil, preferably soybean oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quaternary ammonium salt compound comprises 1-4 quaternary ammonium salt chosen from (a) compounds of formulae (VI), (VII), (VIII) and (IX). The dialkyl amine is of formula: R1R2NH (X). Preferred Definitions:    R1,R2=dimethyamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, dipentylamine, dihexylamine, N-nonyl-N-octylamine, N-decyl-N-octylamine, didecylamine, diundecylamine, ditridecylamine, dicyclohexylamine, dioctadecylamine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine, pyrolidine, di-sec-butylamine, piperidine, hexamethyleneimine, heptamethyleneimine or (1-(2-(2-piperidinyl)ethyl)azepane).    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal substrate is made of titanium, niobium, tantalum, stainless steel and nickel. The former precious metal island includes gold, ruthenium and silver. The latter precious metal island includes platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pyridine is chosen from 2-methylpyridine, 3-methypyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 5-methylpyridine, 6-methylpyridine, 2,6-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine and 2,4,6-trimethyl pyridine. The trivalent aluminum ion compound is aluminum trichloride, aluminum tribromide, aluminum triiodide, aluminum ethanol, aluminum methanol or aluminum propanol, preferably anhydrous aluminum trichloride. The molar ratio of trivalent aluminum ion compound, and hesperidin or hesperetin or hesperetin-7-O-glucoside is 1:1. The low-boiling alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol, preferably methanol. The molar ratio of hesperidin or hesperetin or hesperetin-7-O-glucoside, and pyridine is 1:6-1:7. The molar ratio of iodine, and hesperidin or hesperetin or hesperetin-7-O-glucoside is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial flora comprises 8-12 wt.% of photosynthetic bacteria, 5-7 wt.% of cephalosporins, and 3-5 wt.% of yeast.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 4-8 wt.% of humic acid, 16.9-18 wt.% of nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK) fertilizer having nitrogen content 8.5-12 wt.% and 1-3 wt.% of zinc fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pesticide comprises 0.5-1 wt.% of abamectin and 1-1.5 wt.% of insecticide. The pesticide comprises methyl-1H-2-benzimidazole carbamate, inorganic copper fungicide, tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, O,O-dimethyl O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate, permethrin cyanide, 1,1-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-dichloro-ethanol or 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylamine. The releasing agent is an organic releasing agent including N-acyl sarcosinate, N-acetylglutamate or N-alkyl beta -aspartate. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 8%, 10% or 12% of photosynthetic bacteria, 5%, 6% or 7% of cephalosporins, 4-6%, preferably 5% of yeast, 4%, 6% or 8% of humic acid, 18% or 17.5% of NPK fertilizer having nitrogen content of 10% or 9%, 3%, 2% or 1% of zinc fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, 1%, 0.5% or 0.8% of avermectin, 1%, 1.5% or 1.3% of methyl-1H-2-benzimidazole carbamate, 2.1% or 2.2% or 2.4% of release agent and balance amount of water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnets are made of neodymium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The domain I comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, the domain II comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, the domain III comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, the domain IV comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, and the domain V comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21. The isolated polypeptide comprises: an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 (comprising a fully defined sequence of 383 amino acids as given in the specification); or an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16. In the kit, the isolated polypeptide is provided in a container. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The crystalline carbon layer has thickness of 1-40 nm. Preferred Component: The highly-crystalline carbon is chosen from carbon nanotube, carbon nanowire, heat-treated carbon black, graphite and graphene, and has Raman spectrum intensity ratio of (1360) plane to (1580) plane of 0.24-0.91.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The active metal includes platinum, ruthenium, osmium, platinum-ruthenium alloy, platinum-osmium alloy, a platinum-palladium alloy, or platinum-element (M) alloy, where element (M) is chosen from gallium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, tin, molybdenum, tungsten, rhodium and ruthenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polymerization product includes a carbon layer having coating ratio of 100-800%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Microorganisms are microorganisms having xylanase and chitinase activity. Microorganisms are P. janthinellum strain CedarWA2 (NITE AP-1523), C. bainieri strain CedarWA4 (NITE AP-1524), N. fischeri strain OreWA (NITE AP-1522), and/or U. isabellina strain FernWA (NITE AP-1525).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Decomposition method of digested sludge includes leaching metal from digested sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Microorganisms are microorganisms which can assimilate 5-carbon sugar and 6-carbon sugar.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Saccharified liquid is saccharified liquid obtained by performing enzyme saccharification after pre-processing to lignocellulosic biomass. Pre-processing is alkali pre-processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of alkali metal hydroxide in the reaction solution is 1-14 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Starch is corn powder, wheat flour or their combination. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid cleaning fuel metal oxide content is 2-18 wt.% having quality index of: greater than or equal to 65% FCd, less than or equal to 6% Vadf, less than or equal to 35% Ad, and less than 1% St,d.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate carbon material is limestone, Dolomite, siderite, and magnesite having anion of carbonate ion (CO3)2- and cations of calcium ion (Ca2+), magnesium ion (Mg2+), or ferrous ion (Fe2+). The synthesis gas comprises H2 and CO as main component, and CO2, nitrogen gas (N2), and CH4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base is alkali metal hydroxide or alkali weak acid salt. The metal hydroxide is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide or cesium hydroxide. The alkali weak acid salt is sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate or potassium acetate, preferably solid potassium hydroxide. The catalyst is a metal halide including potassium iodide, potassium chloride, sodium iodide, sodium chloride, potassium bromide (preferred) or sodium bromite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polar aprotic solvent is N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, N,N-dimethyl acetamide (preferred), N,N-dimethyl formamide, tetrahydrofuran, ammonium phosphate or acetonitrile. The halogenated hydrocarbon is dichloroethane, methylene chloride, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, preferably dichloromethane. The method uses crystallization solvent including acetonitrile in acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, dioxane, ethanol, methanol, or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethanol fuel contains 3 vol.% of oil, 1 mg/kg of chloride, 4 mg/kg of sulfate, 5 mg/kg of iron, 2 mg/kg of sodium, and 0.07 mg/kg of copper. The renewable natural raw material is selected from sugarcane, corn, sorghum, wheat or lignocellulosic materials. Preferred Conditions: The evaporated ethanol is passed through a mist elimination system. The purification system comprises ion exchange resins, membrane separation, or adsorption beds. The ethanol is obtained from fermentation of an organic substrate from renewable natural raw materials. The purification system perform purification by removing other impurities such as hydrocarbons and their contaminants, fatty acid esters and combinations of metals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves reacting the mixture in methanol solvent system in the presence of catalyst for 5-9 hours, preferably 6 hours at 50-60 degrees C, cooling the reacted mixture to 5-20 degrees C, preferably 10 degrees C, washing and filtering the crystal and drying the crystal for 3 times. The mother liquor is added for 3-5 times. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Organic amine is triethylamine,1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene,4-dimethylaminopyridine, or 1,4-diazabicyclo2.2.2octane, preferably 1,4-diazabicyclo2.2.2octane. Solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, or 1,2-dichloroethane, preferably acetonitrile. Molar ratio of 1-acyl-1-cyclopropane carboxamide, electron deficient olefin, and organic amine is 1:1.2:0.1. Preferred Definitions:    EWG=CN, ester, or sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Dropping time of hydrogen peroxide is 30-50 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, or formic acid. Amount of solvent to amount of triclabendazole is 5-15 times, preferably 10 times. Amount of vanadium pentoxide catalyst to amount of triclabendazole is 0.5-1 wt.% and molar ratio hydrogen peroxide:triclabendazole is (1.1-1.5):1. Amount of sodium sulfite to amount of trichlorobenzene is 25 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic weak alkali is selected from potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate. The inorganic acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The tenofovir is prepared by heating adenine, (R)-propylene carbonate, and methyl benzenesulfonyloxy derivative as raw material in organic solvent at 90-130 degrees C for 2-10 hours. The heated reaction mixture is cooled at room temperature, where a strong alkali is added in the cooled reaction mixture at 20-50 degrees C. The obtained reaction mixture is cooled at room temperature and then decompressed to form an intermediate. Preferred Components: The strong base is selected from magnesium isopropyl alcohol, magnesium tert.-butoxide or potassium tert.-butoxide. The organic solvent is selected from formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N-methyl acetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or N-methylpiperidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves applying fertilizer to 1/3-1/5 amount of soil and tillering the soil to less than 1/2 depth of soil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The refrigerant is made of methane, ethylene and propane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbing solid comprises zeolites, chemically modified activated carbons, alumina, silica gel and other mesoporous materials, and the latter with the chemical compounds includes immobilized ionic liquids, metal-organic frameworks. The adsorbing solid belongs to the group of activated carbons with a selectivity of 1.5-2.5 and a surface area of higher than 3000 m2/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The two columns are assembled in a single module, so that one of the two base surfaces of one column is adjacent to and in contact with one of the two base surfaces of the other column.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The gaseous compounds, after separation, are pressurized and injected into a reservoir. The process is carried out at a temperature of -10 degrees C to 100 degrees C. The adsorbing solid causes the separation of methane from the gaseous compounds according to the differences between the adsorbing isotherms of the gases to be separated. The process is effected in one or more modules being assembled in parallel and in contact with each another. Preferred Components: The gaseous compounds are present in an amount of 5-95 vol.%. The compression ratio is 1.3-3. The ratio between the characteristic convective time through the column and the characteristic diffusive time in the adsorbing solid is 102-104.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises crystallizing the concentrate by adding a mixture of ethyl acetate and saturated hydrocarbon solvent with the condensed products. Preferred Components: The solvent is methylalcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxin, dimethylformamide, or water. An amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 1-35 wt.%. The organic solvent is ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methylene chloride, or chloroform. The saturated hydrocarbon solvent is n-pentane, n-hexane, or n-heptane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing deactivation of cellulase by alkali treatment, where the alkali treatment involves immersing hydrolysis residue in alkaline aqueous solution having pH of 11 or more, at less than 65 degrees C. The pre-treated substance preparation step is performed under pH of 3-7 using dilute sulfuric acid. Preferred Enzyme: The filamentous-fungi-derived cellulase is Trichoderma-derived cellulase. Where inactivated cellulase comprises beta -glucosidase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biogas production facility comprises a landfill, a sewage treatment facility or a manure digestion facility. The reactor is a hydrogenation reactor or hydrocracker.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: A liquid transportation fuel is produced in step (g). Preferred Components: A renewable fuel credit is associated with the first or second amount of combustible fluid feedstock, the renewable hydrogen, and/or the liquid transportation or heating fuel (preferred). The liquid transportation or heating fuel is renewable or partially renewable.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method: the concentration of alginic acid at the initiation of culture is 2-10 wt/vol.%, and the biomass of the lactate dehydrogenase gene deficient Sphingomonas sp. A1 strain at the initiation of culture is (represented by a value for A600) 0.075-1.25 in terms of turbidity; and the concentration of pyruvic acid secreted into the medium on day 2 of culture is greater than or equal to 2.5 g/l, and on days 2-3 of culture is greater than or equal to 5 g/l. The step of culturing is performed: under conditions in which the maximum dissolved oxygen concentration in a medium is greater than or equal to 15%; at a pH of 6-8 for 2-3 days; and by shaking the culture at a shaking frequency of greater than or equal to 100 strokes/minutes. EXAMPLE - Lactate dehydrogenase gene deficient strains were cultured by growing in alginic acid medium (comprised of 0.1 wt/vol.% of ammonium sulfate, 0.1 wt/vol.% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 wt/vol.% of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.01 wt/vol.% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01 wt/vol.% of yeast extract, and sodium alginate (pH 8)) and adding 25 mg/l kanamycin alone. The solid culture was performed by adding 1.5% agar to 0.5 wt/vol.% of alginic acid medium. Then cells grown by solid culture were inoculated in alginic acid media containing 0.8 wt/vol.% of alginic acid, and cultured with shaking at 145 strokes/minute, at 30 degrees C for 24 hours, Then the strains were cultured using a 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 20 ml of medium and 5 wt/vol.% alginic acid. After culturing, centrifugation was performed at 20000 G and 4 degrees C for 5 minutes to obtain supernatants of pyruvic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The unmixed hydrolysis reactor is plug-flow reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A cover flap is articulated on the driven shaft, which is dimensioned such that their length is greater than the length of the base body and its width is greater than the radius of the quarter-cylinder. The cover flap is coupled to the push-flap such that the push-flap pivots into the interior of the cylinder space during rotation of the driven shaft and the cover flap rests on the shell outer edges of the quarter-cylinder, where swiveling movement of the push-flap is not limited. The cover flap is coupled to the push-flap by a driver. The device comprises: a further straight quarter cylinder of the base body which is arranged in the interior of the body along the cylindrical axis, and the push-flap is articulated on the driven shaft, and recesses which are dimensioned such that they exceed the length and the radius of the other quarter of the cylinder. The shaft is driven manually or mechanically. The outer surfaces on both outer shell edges and the corresponding side faces have extensions. The extension is tangential. The fermenter comprises a fermenter opening in one of the fermenter walls, where the fermenter opening in the filled state of the fermenter is located below the liquid level. The biomass indenter extends on the fermenter outer wall such that the other quarter cylinder rests on the fermenter outer wall and not in the fermenter opening.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The acidified biomass is stored in a flowable state, where during the step (a), the acidified biomass is converted into flowable state, preferably concentrated. The step (a) is carried out continuously. The step (b) is carried out discontinuously. The step (a) comprises adding live acetic acid bacteria in the form of a suspension which further comprises acetic acid, alcohol, sugar or water. The step (a) is carried out at a pH of 2.5-4, preferably 2.8-3.2, and at a temperature of 30-60 degrees C, preferably 35-45 degrees C. The step (b) comprises adding at least one methanogenic microorganism (36) of the order Methanosarcinales, preferably of the families Methanosaetaceae and Methanosarcinaceae to the acidified biomass. The step (b) is carried out at a pH of 6.8-8.2, preferably 7.6-8, and at a temperature of 28-50 degrees C, preferably 42-44 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: At least one ultrasonic oscillator is designed as a submersible oscillator. The pipe section is formed such that a surface contact of at least one ultrasonic oscillator is provided externally to the pipe section. The pipe section has a polygonal cross section at least in sections, preferably a rectangular cross section, preferably a square cross section. The pipe section is made of stainless steel, preferably material 1.4462, with a wall thickness of 1-5 mm, preferably 3 mm. At least one ultrasonic oscillator is integrally fixed, preferably glued outside on the pipe section. A number of ultrasound oscillators are arranged one behind the other on at least one side surface of the line section in the longitudinal direction. A number of ultrasonic oscillators are arranged on many side surfaces of the pipe section, preferably each have a same number of ultrasonic oscillators per side surface, preferably four times of six ultrasonic vibrators. The ultrasonic oscillators are disposed exactly opposite each other at different sides of the line section. The line section terminal has at least one connecting flange for connecting to other components of a piping system for the substrate, preferably a DIN standard flange. The ultrasonic oscillators are parallel to each other, and oscillate in synchronism by a single common ultrasonic generator. A homogeneous ultrasound field is formed inside the pipe section. At least a conveying device for the substrate, preferably a pump and/or a crushing device, preferably a macerator, is integrated in the pipe system, where the conveying device is fluidically arranged between crushing device and pipe section of the ultrasonic flow reactor. The substrate of the flow through the pipe section is subjected to further processing, preferably a mechanical crushing device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves maintaining the saccharified preprocessed material firstly at a temperature range of 50-80 degrees C, and secondly at 30-50 degrees C. The method involves using heat resistant xylanase of Thermoascus aurantiacus origin, and heat resistant beta - xylosidase of Thermotoga maritima origin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst component contains heat-resistant oxide and catalytically active component chosen from iron, cobalt and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The aging step is carried out at a temperature of 0-25 degrees C for 2-3 years. The liquid nutrient medium is stored for 30 minutes to 10 days. The liquid nutrient medium comprises 1000 pts. wt. water, 15-30 pts. wt. molasses and 0.8-1.5 pts. wt. salt. The seed inoculum solution comprises 100 pts. wt. tea leaves, 100-500 pts. wt. sugar, 0.05-2 pts. wt. salt and 0.05-5 pts. wt. vinegar. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Discharge process involves supplying backwashing water e.g. filtrate water obtained by filtration process in filtration cell through water collection cell from flow path, peeling molded object from filtration cell, supplying compressed air to filtration cell, and discharging molded object or supplying compressed air in filtration cell through water collection cell from flow path, peeling molded object from filtration cell, supplying compressed air to filtration cell, and discharging molded object. Backwashing water discharged with molded object in discharge process is utilized as water of culture solution. Molded object is dried to produce solid fuel for power station by energy of fossil fuel. Waste heat of power station is used as heat source to dry molded object. Molded object of microalgae is dried in hollow part of ceramic component, grinding media and organic solvent are thrown in hollow part of ceramic component, oil extraction process is performed by pulverizing microalgae in hollow part by rotationally driving ceramic component centering around a shaft, contacting organic solvent and microalgae, and extracting oil component from microalgae, residue of microalgae remaining in hollow part of ceramic component is collected, recovered residue is molded, and molded object of residue is produced. Molded object of residue is dried to produce solid fuel for power station by energy of fossil fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Property: The ratio of capacity of bacteria tank and catalytic oxidation tank is 1:1-1:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic component further has heater electrode (18) provided on outer wall of porous support, and filter membrane (16) provided on inner wall of ceramic component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Granulation process is carried out by using a pan type pelletizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Microorganisms are fungi.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Substrate of microorganisms and/or nutrient and promoter which accelerates transfer of radioactive substance from bottom sludge to water are introduced into purification box by introducing part. Promoter which accelerates transfer of radioactive substance from bottom sludge to water is introduced into purification box, and water in purification box is collected to exterior of purification box after predetermined time.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Promoter is ammonium salt, potassium salt, nitrogen-containing compound, and/or acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass includes straw, wheat straw, corn stem, cane stem, giant cane, cassava, coconut, canola, palm, Jatropha, wood composite hydrocarbon, algae or microalgae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The front end of catalyst cracking reaction is provided with a pulverizing device for pulverizing a portion or complete raw material. The system further comprises a tar removal catalyst reactor for removing tar from the gaseous substance generated in the catalyst cracking reactor; a water-gas shift reaction catalytic reactor for producing hydrogen by reforming the gaseous substance generated in the gas-liquid separator I; a catalyst oxidation tower for oxidizing byproduct gas generated from the incineration separator and gas-liquid separator II; a dust collector for removing dust included in the gaseous substance generated from the gas-liquid separator I; a gas compressor and a compressed gas tank for collecting and compressing gaseous substance generated from the gas-liquid separator I; a supercritical water reactor for generating hydrogen and water of water-gas by performing supercritical reaction on the oil component dissolved in aqueous phase component generated in the oil water separator; an emulsified fuel manufacturing apparatus for generating emulsion fuel by mixing oil in bunker-A, bunker-C or a vessel and an emulsifier with an aqueous phase component generated in the oil water separator; and a generator to produce electricity using heat generated from the incineration separator. The catalytic cracking reaction in the catalytic cracking reactor is carried out at 250-600 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The temperature difference comprises maintaining temperature of 115-140 degrees C in thermal media, and having temperature of 90-110 degrees C of the other thermal media. The thermal medium with which temperature differs is obtained by heat-exchanging with the reformed gas, and further includes the distillation step which distills the methanol synthesized. The recovering method of carbon dioxide further involves the gasoline synthetic step which synthesizes gasoline from the methanol. The absorption liquid is regenerated by heating absorption liquid which absorbed the carbon dioxide with reformed gas with which the temperature differs. The absorption liquid is regenerated by heating reformed gas which differs in the temperature, and the absorption liquid which absorbed the carbon dioxide with methanol. The system is positioned, so that the absorption liquid in which the heat exchangers absorbed the reformed gas and the carbon dioxide performs some heat exchange in steps, and the absorption liquid in which the other heat exchanger absorbed the methanol and the carbon dioxide exchanges heat. Preferred Component: The system further comprises distillation apparatus which distills the methanol synthesized with the methanol synthesis apparatus, and heat exchanger for obtaining the thermal medium with which temperature differs further by heat exchange with the reformed gas, gasoline synthesizing apparatus which synthesizes gasoline from the methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using 50-200 mg/l nitrate ions in the medium. The method involves using the consortium of microorganisms containing sulfur bacteria. The purification is conducted in biofilters or bioscrubbers. The method involves sprinkling the biological filter bed with a medium of volume flow intensity 5-500 l/hour per cubic meter of filter bed. The concentration hydrogen sulfide during the process is 100-3000 parts per million (ppm), preferably 300 ppm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Gene: The kappa-carrageenase gene or lambda -carrageenase gene is derived from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora. The kappa-carrageenase gene comprises a 1194 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. The lambda -carrageenase gene comprises a 2829 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification. The gene of the dockerin module comprises a 159 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) fully defined in the specification. The recombinant vector has cleavage map provided in figure 1 of patent specification. The gene of the CBM comprises a 276 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 4) fully defined in the specification. The gene of cohesin module comprises a 135 or 136 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The apparatus further comprises an auxiliary electric power source interposed in an output circuit of the fuel cell, where the control unit increases the load by supplying at least a part of electric power generated by the fuel cell to the auxiliary electric power source. The control unit increases the load by increasing the load current to lower a voltage generated by the fuel cell below a predetermined voltage. The control unit increases an amount of fuel supplied to the fuel electrode before increasing the load. The fuel cell includes an air supply path for supplying air to the oxidizing agent electrode, where the air supply path is provided with a supply air amount adjusting mechanism, and the supply air amount adjusting mechanism performs reduction of a supply air amount or stop of air supply through the air supply path in accordance with the increase of the load by the control unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The recombinant host cell is a filamentous fungi including Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii, Penicillium sp., Humicola sp., Aspergillus sp., Chrysosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Hypocrea sp. or Emericella sp..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the enzymatic composition, BGL7 polypeptide is from Trichoderma reesei and the endoglucanase and CBH are from a species other than Trichoderma reesei. The endoglucanase is endoglucanase I, endoglucanase II, endoglucanase III, endoglucanase IV (preferred) or endoglucanase V. The CBH is CBHI or CBII. The enzymatic composition is a fermentation culture derived from a recombinant host cell, where the recombinant host cell is a filamentous fungi or yeast cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises pretreating the biomass composition prior to the contacting step, where pretreating step comprises contacting the biomass composition with dilute acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The saw dust is crushed in particle having size of less than 2 mm, 15% of organic matter and 20% of water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: White-rot fungi are Trametes versicolor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticles are made of nickel, aluminum, iron, or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Anaerobic gas is sewage gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Pre-hydrolysis liquid is pre-hydrolysis liquid which arises according to pre-hydrolysis of conifer material or pre-hydrolysis liquid which arises in dissolved kraft pulp production. Preferred Process: Ethanol fermentation is performed using yeast.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Component: The carbon source utilized by the Pseudomonas strain SP2 includes glycerol, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, sucrose or galactose. Preferred Genes: The DhaB gene and gdrAB gene are derived from genomic DNA of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain DSM2026. Preferred Methods: The method (M2) is performed under aerobic condition. The method (M2) involves using glycerol and glucose as carbon source. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide has at least 95% or 97% sequence identity to the sequence of amino acids 18-349 of SEQ ID NO. 2. The polypeptide is a variant of the sequence of amino acids 18-349 of SEQ ID NO. 2 comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion at one or more positions and where the variant has at least 95% sequence identity to the sequence of amino acids 18-349 of SEQ ID NO. 2. The polypeptide is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 95% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO. 1 or its cDNA sequence. The polypeptide is a fragment of the sequence of amino acids 18-349 of SEQ ID NO. 2 that has xylanase activity. The polypeptide comprises the sequence of amino acids 18-349 of SEQ ID NO. 2. An isolated polypeptide comprises a catalytic domain having at least 95% sequence identity to amino acids 18 to 349 of SEQ ID NO. 2, where the catalytic domain has xylanase activity. The polypeptide further comprises a cellulose binding domain. Preferred Method: The process for producing a fermentation product further comprises recovering the fermentation product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of taurine and dimethyl carbonate is 1:1-1.2. The aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide and water in preset ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The tertiary bioethanol vapor comprises more than 99.5 vol.% bioethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Liquid: The amount of sulfur particle is 50-70 g/l. The activated sludge is sulfur-oxidizing microorganism which is cultured in dark condition at 25 degrees C and 150 revolutions per minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the livestock sample and oyster shell powder is 1:0.1-0.2. Preferred Sample: The livestock sample is cow dung. Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves performing combustion at 700-900 degrees C for 10 minutes-1 hour. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes heat exchanger comprising graphite, metals such as iron, copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, iridium or its alloys, stainless steel, and/or alloy nickel and chromium. The water is distilled water, deionized water, drinking water, well water from supply network, reuse water from shallow wells or artesian wells, water from rivers, dams, ponds, water from desalination plants or agricultural and/or industrial waste treating plant, main solvent water, residual culture medium of micro-organisms, alkali or nutrients and/or other sources of water. The aqueous media comprises salts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, disodium oxide, potassium oxide, alumina, aluminum hydroxide and barium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic matter comprises carbon dioxide containing compound, compound contaminated with nitrogen, carbon dioxide or other impurities, and compounds derived from sulfur and heavy metals. The method utilizes aqueous media comprising water without additives, and/or water containing chemicals such as alkali and/or acid and/or neutral substances.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The Taheebo extract and coriander extract is hot water extract or ethanolic extract. The step (S4) is carried out by adding molasses at 40-50 degrees C for 5-7 days under aerobically condition. The step (S5) is carried out at 25-35 degrees C for 35-45 days. The step (S6) is carried out by using 200-400 meshes filtering net. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Stems and leaves of Stevia were washed thrice, and extracted to obtain 10 kg extract and 60 kg sludge. The obtained extract and sludge were mixed in 1:2 ratio. Then, 30 kg mixture of sludge and extract, 5 kg Stevia core catalyst, 15 kg molasses were mixed and fermented by inoculating with Bacillus strain, Lactobacillus strain and Pichia pastoris strain at 40 degrees C for 7 days under aerobic condition. The obtained fermented material was aged at 25 degrees C for 30 days to obtain the Stevia liquid compost.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium iodide or sodium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises (a1) reacting 2-ethoxy phenol and ethylene carbonate in presence of a catalyst to obtain the product, and (a2) vacuum distilling the obtained product to obtain pure 2-(2-ethoxy-phenoxy)ethanol. The step (a1) is performed without solvent. The method further comprises (d) reacting mandelic acid with tamsulosin to obtain tamsulosin mandelate salt, and (e) reacting the obtained tamsulosin mandelate salt with hydrochloric acid to obtain tamsulosin hydrochloride. The step (d) comprises recrystallizing tamsulosin mandelate salt. The recrystallization is performed by using solvent including water and acetone. EXAMPLE - 50 g (R) (-)-5-(2-Aminopropyl)-2-methoxy-benzenesulfonamide, 53.3 g 2-(2-ethoxy-phenoxy)-ethyl methanesulfonate, 22.5 g potassium bicarbonate and 34 g 0.205 potassium iodide were added to 2000 ml acetonitrile, stirred, refluxed at 80 degrees C for 24 hours, then 400 ml purified water was added, vacuum concentrated to remove the solvent. Then 750 ml each dichloromethane and water were added to the concentrate, organic layer was separated and concentrated under vacuum degree of 15 torr, added to 750 ml isopropyl alcohol, stirred under reflux, cooled to 5 degrees C, and filtered to obtain 65 g tamsulosin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (a), the reacting step is carried out at temperature of 0 degrees C for 1-3 hours. In step (b), the reacting step is carried out at temperature of 20 degrees C for 1-3 hours. In step (c), the reacting step is carried out at temperature of 60-70 degrees C for 1-3 hours. Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the: N,N-dimethylformamide and phosphorus oxychloride is 1-5:1; N,N-dimethylformamide and the solid phosgene is 3-9:1; solvent I and thioanisole is 0.8-3.5:1; and solid phosgene, oxalyl chloride or phosgene is 1.8:1:1. The content of the mercapto-benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde is 40-50 mass%. The molar ratio of mercapto-benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde is 1:1-2. The mass ratio of the trans-cinnamic aldehyde and the reducing agent is 1:0.25-0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mol ratio of 2-nitro-1,3-malonic acid alkyl ester to thiourea is 1:0.5-1.5. The mol ratio of 5-nitro-2-thioxo-sodium pentobarbital to halogenated propane is 1:0.5-1.5. Sulfur alkylation is done in solvent mixture comprising 10-90 vol.% organic solvent comprising methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol, acetone or acetonitrile, and 40-60 vol.% water. Preferred Components: The halogen of halogenated propane is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. The chlorinating agent is phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride or thionyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The moisture content of the feeding soil is 15-20%. Preferred Method: The cultivation method comprises (i) placing eggs on hatching bed, adding feeding substrate, incubating at 25-30 degrees C for 35-40 days, obtaining large number of larva after shell breaking, sieving to remove nymphs, re-mixing sieved eggs with the feeding substrate, and placing the sieved larvae with the 10 cm thickness feeding matrix in cultivation pool; (ii) taking different feed composition of 1-11 instar nymphs, maintaining temperature at 25-32 degrees C, and feeding the substrate with thickness of 16-20 cm; (iii) taking adult insect feed substrate of thickness 20-26 cm, maintaining temperature at 18-35 degrees C and humidity of 75-80%; (iv) taking spawing insect feed substrate of thickness 12-15 cm, maintaining temperature at 25 plus minus 2 degrees C and humidity of 60-70%. The replacement of feeding substrate in the cultivation process as follows (i) collecting eggs after spawing, mixing the eggs with 6 meshes sieve feeding substrate, and collecting the frass containing feeding substrate as sieved material; (ii) taking 17 meshes sieve nymph, sieving to remove powder, continuously feeding the feeding substrate and collecting the frass containing feeding substrate as sieved material; (iii) separating 12 meshes sieve 1-2 instar nymphs, replacing feeding substrate, feeding continuously, and collecting the frass containing feeding substrate as sieved material; (iv) separating 4 meshes sieve 7-8 instar nymphs, replacing feeding substrate, feeding continuously, and collecting the frass containing feeding substrate as sieved material; and (v) taking 2 meshes sieve adults, killing insect in boiling water, drying to obtain traditional Chinese medicinal material, and collecting the frass containing feeding substrate as sieved material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The nitrogen-fixing bacteria is diluted with 3-8 times water before adding to sterilized animal corpse. Preferred Component: The animal corpse is dead pig, dead chicken, dead cattle or animal placenta.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The concentration of rifamycin oxazine is 0.1-1 g/ml. The concentration of 1-methyl-4-nitro-piperazine is 0.01-0.1 g/ml. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide, acetic acid, or n-butyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: In the device, in transducer a catalyst is located, having as the active constituent different combinations of oxides of aluminum, silicon, transition and rare-earth elements of 4-6 periods, preferably fourth and fifth periods, predominantly Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Ti, Zr; La, Ce, Y, Sm, Pr, or Gd, and metals of platinum group, substantially Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, predominantly Pt, Rh, or Ru. The catalysts, installed in converter into several layers. In transducer a catalyst is located, which is reinforced porous material, made as flat and fluted gas-permeable reinforced tapes, combination of which form gas-permeable catalytically active channels of different shape and dimensions. In transducer a unit type catalyst is located on metal, ceramic or metal-ceramic carrier. The metal, ceramic or metal-ceramic catalyst support is a unit comprising a foam block including complex microchannels. The catalyst converter is in the form of beads of various shapes and geometries. In the device, a trigger system is used in a heater, e.g. an electric and / or combustion heater operates in air and fuel, including associated petroleum or crude natural gas and/or the heating heat exchanger served coolant. The triggering system, feeding system and metering reactants converter, heat control system are separate structures or may be integrated with each other. In the device, the heating or evaporation of the reagents, as well as temperature control is performed at the converter by electric and/or combustion heater, due to heat recovery of gases from the converter, flue gas heat recovery power plants, and/or by contact with the coolant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of non-condensable gases recycled to reactor is preferably 70 %mass. Benzene, toluene and/or xylene are produced during preparation of bio-oil. The products produced after recycling non-condensable gases contain 50 %mass carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane and propane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The feedstock is lignocellulosic feedstock.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-in-oil emulsion further contains silicone oil. The content of water-in-oil emulsion and liquefied gas is 15-40 %mass and 60-85 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The method further involves arranging at least one container with flexible volume at downstream of the heat-exchanger, and collecting condensable gases as condensate (25) which is separated from the gas (26), purifying condensate before discharge and passing gas through at least one purification step before discharging. The heat absorbed in the heat-exchanger, is used at least partly for preheating the supply water. The purification step involves burning the combustible components, with recovery of heat from the combustion chamber and flue gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The steam is saturated steam or superheated steam.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The biomass comprises a cellulosic material, and has moisture content of 10-60%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The ferrous elements comprise steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealing web is made of polyolefin film. The protective layer is made of individual and mutually overlapping webs. The sealing web extends transversely to web direction of the protective layer, preferably in circumferential direction of the side wall. The protective layer exhibits a thickness of 3 mm. The sealing web is held by at least one fastening tape. The fastening tape is a hook-and-loop tape. The sealing web on its side facing the hook-and-loop tape is provided with a hook-and-loop tape-compatible material. The fastening tape is attached on the side wall or the bottom by dowels. A thermal insulation layer is provided on the lower side of the ceiling, which is sealed against the container inner space by a gas barrier layer. The gas barrier layer comprises polyolefin film. The gas barrier layer is covered with a gas barrier film. The gas barrier layer is held on the ceiling by at least one fastener tape. The fastener tape is a hook-and-loop tape. The gas barrier layer is provided with a hook-and-loop tape-compatible material for attaching to the hook-and-loop tape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinker is silane functions per molecule containing organosilicon compounds, photoinitiators, photosensitizers, peroxides or azo compounds. Preferred Method: The step (c) is carried out in a filled precipitation bath. The step (d) is carried out by evaporation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermoplastic silicone elastomer is organopolysiloxane/polyurea/polyurethane/polyamide or polyoxalyldiamine copolymer of formula (I).E1 = -N(RH1)-C(=O)-N(RH1)-Y1-N(RH1)-C(=O)-N(RH1)-, -O-C(O=)-N(RH1)-Y1-N(RH1)-C(=O)-O-, -N(RH1)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(RH1)-, -C(=O)-N(RH1)-Y1-N(RH1)-C(=O)-, -N(RH1)-C(=O)-O-Y1-O-C(=O)-N(RH1)-, or -N(RH1)-C(=O)-Y1-C(=O)-N(RH1)-;F1 = -Y1-N(RH1)-C(=O)-N(RH1)-, -Y1-N(RH1)-C(=O)-O-, -Y1-N(RH1)-C(=O)-C(=O)-N(RH1)-, -Y1-N(RH1)-C(=O)-, -Y1-O-C(=O)-N(RH1)-, or -Y1-C(=O)-N(RH1)-;R3 = optionally substituted hydrocarbonyl (optionally interrupted by O or N);RH1 = H;X = 1-20C-alkylene, in which nonadjacent methylene units are optionally replaced by -O-, or 6-22C-arylene;Y1 = 1-20C-divalent hydrocarbonyl (optionally substituted by F or Cl);D1 = 1-6C-alkyl or 1-6C-alkyl-substituted alkylene (both optionally substituted by F or Cl), in which nonadjacent methylene units are optionally replaced by -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or -OCOO- or 6-22C-arylene, where the remaining of the alkyl or alkylene has 1-700C;B1, B1a = reactive or nonreactive end group which is covalently bound to the polymer;m, n = 1-4000;g = at least 1;h = 0-40;i = 0-30; andj = greater than 0, provided that at least two groups of R3 have at least one alkenyl group per molecule.Preferred Components: The mold is made of film or a fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The at least one enzyme is retained in the reaction vessel for reuse in subsequent reactions. The treating of alkyl ester phase further involves washing the alkyl ester phase with an aqueous base before being treated with methanol and flocculant. The at least portion of the free fatty acids are recycled and used in feedstocks in subsequent reactions to increase overall yield of alkyl esters. The conversion of free fatty acids to alkyl esters involves treating the alkyl ester phase with an alcohol and catalyst. The method further involves passing the alkyl ester phase through dry wash ion exchange resins. The alcohol and water is removed from the alkyl ester phase by vacuum distillation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel cell is molten carbonate fuel cell. Preferred Method: The method further comprises cooling the by-passed carbon monoxide using a gas cooler (15), removing acidic gas and carbon dioxide before introducing into the methanation reactor, driving a turbine using combustion gas coming out of a combustor, and condensing the discharged gas coming out from the turbine in a condenser, pre-heating methane gas before introducing into the fuel cell using a pre-heater, and extracting hydrogen from the reformer. The method comprises supplying a reformer by adjusting the amount of water to generate condensate in the methanation reactor according to the required amount of the fuel cell, supplying some portion of carbon monoxide out from the gasifier to the water gas shift reactor, supplying the remaining amount of carbon monoxide to the methanation reactor through bypassing, driving a turbine by combusting the remaining amount of carbon monoxide by using a combustor, combusting the discharged gas coming out from the fuel cell, and reusing by supplying entire or some part of combustion gas and carbon dioxide to the fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The catalysts are layered in single reactor, such that pyrolysis vapor contacts water-gas shift reaction catalyst and hydrotreating catalyst in order. The reaction temperature is controlled for each catalyst layer to promote corresponding reaction. The temperature is changed for each catalyst layer. The catalysts are contacted with the pyrolysis vapor in separate reactors connected in series. The pyrolysis vapor contacts guard bed before reactor(s). The temperature and pressure are controlled for each of the reactors. At least temperature is different for each reactor. The hydrogen produced in the water-gas shift reactor is used in the reactor with the hydrotreating catalyst. The liquid product is directly combined with crude oil to obtain gasoline product.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-gas shift reaction catalyst comprises transaction metal or transaction metal oxide. The hydrotreating catalyst comprises noble metal catalyst, nickel molybdenum catalyst or cobalt molybdenum catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cracking catalyst comprises a zeolite, the water-gas shift reaction catalyst comprises a transaction metal or transaction metal oxide, and the hydrotreating catalyst comprises a noble metal catalyst, nickel molybdenum catalyst or cobalt molybdenum catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the catalysts in step (c) are layered in a single reactor, where the catalysts are layered so that the pyrolysis vapor contacts the cracking catalyst first, the water-gas shift reaction catalyst second, and the hydrotreating catalyst third or the catalysts are layered so that the pyrolysis vapor contacts the water-gas shift reaction catalyst first, the hydrotreating catalyst second, and the cracking catalyst last. In the process, the reaction temperature is controlled for each catalyst layer in order to promote the corresponding reaction, where the temperature is changed for each catalyst layer. In the process: hydrogen produced in the water-gas shift reactor is used in the reactor with the hydrotreating catalyst; the catalysts in step (c) are contacted with the pyrolysis vapor in separate reactors connected in series, where the pyrolysis vapor contacts a guard bed before at least one of the reactors; and the temperature and pressure is controlled for each of the reactors, where at least the temperature is different for each reactor. The process further comprises combining the liquid product directly with crude oil to make a gasoline product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The thermoplastic protective layer is made of polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, PTFE, polyphthalamide, polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred COMPONENT: The catalyst is silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-31).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In recovering photosynthetic microorganisms, in the step of bioethanol production, saccharification of carbohydrates occurs in acidic conditions at pH range of 1.5-2.5, and moderate temperature of 95-150 degrees C. The yeast used in the fermentation belongs to the genus Saccharomyces and takes place for 24 hours. The step of alcoholic fermentation used in the production of bioethanol is carried at a temperature of 30 degrees C and a pH of 8. The yeast is recovered by filtration and/or centrifugation for reuse, while remaining in the liquid phase bioethanol content and traces of unmetabolized sugars. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out from the residual biomass in a stirred tank controlled pH and temperature (pH is 7.7-8.1, 40-55 degrees C) for 4 hours, under mild conditions without using toxic chemicals or aggressive conditions. The concentrate of peptides and amino acids is stabilized by adjustment to acidic or alkaline pH to prevent decomposition. The transesterification is carried out under mild conditions without prior drying of biomass, using 2% sulfuric acid and temperature between 90-110 degrees C for 2 hours. The step of obtaining biodiesel, methanol is removed from the reaction mixture by vacuum distillation. The anaerobic digestion process of the biogas production stage is carried out in closed tanks under anaerobic conditions at temperatures of 30-40 degrees C, with a residence time of about 5-8 days. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium-containing mesoporous silica is SBA-15. Preferred Property: The titanium-containing mesoporous silica has mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) structure and titanium/silicon molar ratio of 0.03-0.07.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The separation processor includes: the first conveyor for forming higher slope in height of the traveling direction, provided with a transfer belt at interval of a slat; the second conveyor for moving the palm fruit byproduct supplied through the first conveyor control, provided lower side of the first conveyor; the alignment mean for aligning the palm fruit byproduct dropped by the first conveyor, provided upper side of the second conveyor; the lowering transport unit for guiding and adjusting descent moving the palm fruit byproduct, provided to traveling direction at end of the second conveyor; the cutting mean for separating the core and branch of the palm fruit byproduct via cutting process of the palm fruit byproduct transferred via the lowering transport unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) separating the by-product by using the separation processor, (ii) conveying the free fallen by-product and palm fruit by-product by using a first conveyor and a second conveyor, (iii) simultaneously moving palm fruit by-product dropped by a second conveyor, and secondary moving and sorting the by-product for aligning in one direction to the palm fruit by-product by using an alignment means provided on upper of the second conveyor, (iv) dropping the aligned palm fruit by-product by a lowering transport unit, and the guiding descent transfer of the palm fruit by-product, (v) storing the separated core and branch of the palm fruit by-product, cutting the transferred palm fruit by-product using a cutting mean provided on the lower side of the lowering transport unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The nanogold colloidal solution comprises chloroauric acid. The nanogold colloidal solution comprises 6 g/l gold nanoparticles. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic; Antiinflammatory. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The outer water distribution tube is coated with the permeable soil engineering film. The garden includes mulberry field, orchard or nursery stock forest. The orchard includes apple orchard garden, orange garden, pear orchard, vineyard or peach garden. The water distribution tube is plastic pipe, and the inner tube diameter is 8-16 mm, the drip hole is drilled by laser or mechanical drilling, the pitch is 0.1-1 m, and the aperture is 0.5-2 mm. The drain pipe and water collecting pipe is plastic corrugated tube, and its inner tube diameter is 40-120 mm. The distance between the water distribution tube and the crops is 0.3-0.8 m, the depth is 0-0.4 m, the drain depth is 0.2-1.2 m, and the adjacent drain spacing is 2-10 m. The capacity of the water collecting well is 0.5-10 m2. The drain pipe is connected with the outer cover permeable soil engineering film set with one layer filter material, the thickness of the filter material is 1.5-20, and the filter material is diatomite, zeolite or filter sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves reacting 4-12% ammonium bicarbonate and 5% calcium chloride. The thermal decomposition is performed at 70-105 degrees C. The method involves passing reaction solution through membrane, adding 30% or more ammonium chloride solution, evaporating the solution to obtain ammonium chloride crystals, and organic material, which is used as fertilizer, and purifying the reaction liquid by reverse osmosis for industrial purpose. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises evaporating water content from the fermented mixture until the water content is reduced to 50%, and adding livestock manure into the platform and then repeating the steps (3)-(5) until the fermented mixture water content is less than 60%. Preferred Components: The platform is the fermentation tank that is placed in an inner side of an organic fertilizer plant. The fermentation material is sawdust, rice hull, straw, mushroom residue or dry cow dung, and is present in amount of 0.1 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) crushing waste tea branch into small particles; (ii) fermenting under anaerobic and aerobic condition until humus in the tea residue reaches more than 80%; and (iii) drying the fermented tea branch residue so that the moisture content is less then 10%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermenting step is carried out at temperature of 16-25 degrees C. Preferred Components: The organic material comprises wood, cassava pulp, bagasse, straw powder, peanut shell powder and rice husk powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of clay-like solid powder: water is 1:8-12; and the mass ratio of vermicompost mixture to sucrose is 180-210:1. The earthworm chosen for inoculation is ring-type earthworm. Preferred Method: The vermicompost is obtained by culturing earthworms in landfill soil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heavy metal is cadmium or lead. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The molasses liquid comprises organic matter including more than 45% of decomposing inoculant, more than 25% of amino acid, more than 78% of humic acid, more than 10% of fulvic acid, more than 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium composition, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, iron, boron, silicon, copper, molybdenum, selenium and other trace elements. The protein complex comprises more than 50% of organic matter, 40% of protein, more than 20% of amino acids, more than 16% of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) composition and 15-25% of water, and has pH value of 7-8. The enzyme-bacteria composite, molasses liquid and protein complex are present in a weight ratio of 15-25%:15-25%:50-70%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises (a) mixing raw materials, uniformly stirring in a double-shaft stirrer, piling with width of 1.2-1.5 m, height of 0.8-1 m, and length is not limited, where the raw materials include 30-32 wt.% bamboo powder and bamboo leaf powder mixture, 16-17 wt.% sugarcane filter mud, 4.5-5.5 wt.% sugar alcohol factory waste liquid, 2.4-2.6 wt.% biological active base material, and 0.2-0.3 wt.% biological active strain; (b) fermenting the resulting stack at 60-65 degrees C for 20-25 days, and composting to obtain biological organic fertilizer, and once turning the fertilizer in a turning machine for every 3-3.5 days; and (c) adding 53.1-56.9 wt.% organic fertilizer, and 43.1-46.9 wt.% inorganic fertilizer, stirring, and packaging into the bag. The inorganic fertilizer includes 19.5-20.5 wt.% urea, 12.5-13.5 wt.% fused calcium magnesium phospate, 9.5-10.5 wt.% potassium, 1-1.4 wt.% magnesium sulfate, and 0.6-1 wt.% zinc sulfate. The fused calcium magnesium phospate comprises 18 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide, 25 wt.% calcium oxide, 14 wt.% magnesium oxide, and 22 wt.% silica. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The organic material is Tilapia fish-skin powder, animal manure or sawdust. The water soluble nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or urea. The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The water soluble potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen fertilizer solution is ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or urea. The water soluble phosphate fertilizer is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The water soluble potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material is processed Tilapia fish bone meal, animal manure, or wood dust. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic material includes processed tilapia fish-skin powder, livestock-poultry manure and/or wood sawdust. The biological microorganism includes either Bacillus, effective-microorganism, yield increasing microbe, enzymatic microbe or fermentative microbe with antibiotic microbe in a ratio of 50-95%:5-50% with a strain count of greater than or equal to 1 billion cells/g. The water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or urea. The water-soluble phosphate fertilizer is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The water-soluble potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises either 50 vol.% domestic sludge, 30 vol.% charcoal and 20 vol.% nutritional soil; or 60 vol.% domestic sludge, 20 vol.% charcoal and 20 vol.% nutritional soil; or 55 vol.% domestic sludge, 25 vol.% charcoal and 20 vol.% nutritional soil. The domestic sludge is water and solid precipitate produced by sewage processing process. The charcoal is plant straw combustion powder. The particle diameter of nutritional soil and charcoal, is 3-5%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacteria comprise Bacillus, effective microorganism (EM) bacteria, yield increasing bacteria or fermentative bacteria. The amount of the bacteria in combination with an antibiotic agent is one billion bacteria/g. The weight ratio of the bacteria to the antibiotic agent is 50-95%:5-50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic material comprises processed tilapia fish bones, poultry manure and/or litter. The water-soluble nitrogen comprises ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride or urea. The water-soluble phosphate comprises ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The water-soluble potassium comprises potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The ratio of deep peat and straw, is 4:1. The ratio of rice hull and livestock manure fermented material, is 1:4. The microbial strain is Azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Conditions: Volume ratio of compost, perlite and peat is 60:30-20:10-20. Ratio of carbon and nitrogen is 40:1-50:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coalbed methane contains methane and nitrogen in the ratio of 3:7. The concentration of methane product is 69.9 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is amino acid bisulfate ionic liquid, glycine bisulfate ionic liquid, glutamic acid bisulfate ionic liquid, or alanine bisulfate ionic liquid, where amount of salicylic acid is 15-35%. The mole amount of acetic anhydride to salicylic acid is 2.0-3.0 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of hydroxy acetonitrile is 15-50 wt.% The molar ratio of hydroxy acetonitrile, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, ammonia gas and water is 1:2-4:2-4:30-100; or the molar ratio of hydroxy acetonitrile, ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and water is 1:4-6:2-4:30-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of florfenicol and succinic anhydride is 1:0.9-1.5. The amount of activated carbon is 0.2 mass-fold. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is acetone. The water-soluble organic reagent is methanol. Preferred Method: Catalytic reaction is done for 6 hours at 65 degrees C using 4-dimethylaminopyridine as catalyst. Heating is done at 45 degrees C under stirring for 30 minutes. Standing in refrigerator is done for 1 hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Adjusting pH is done at 8-14. High temperature reacting is done at 80-120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and/or benzyl alcohol. Alkali (A), (B) and (C) are triethylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, morpholine, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydride and/or potassium hydroxide. Solvent (a) is toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, diethyl ether and/or methyl tert-butyl ether. Solvent (b) is dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N- dimethylamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, diethyl ether and/or methyl tert-butyl ether. Solvent (c) and (d) is water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, tert-butyl alcohol, butanol, toluene, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether and/or diethylene glycol. Solvent (e) and (f) are water, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and/or N, N-dimethylformamide. Oxidizing agent is sodium chlorite, potassium chlorate, potassium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite and/or calcium hypochlorite. Second catalyst is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide and/or potassium iodide. Solvent (g) is water, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and/or N, N-dimethylamide. Preferred Method: The preparation method includes mixing compound (I), alkali (e), catalyst, solvent (g) and oxidizing agent, cooling, reacting at - 20-80 degrees C for 1-24 hours, filtering, washing, extracting, adjusting pH, extracting and drying to obtain 3-morpholine carboxylic acid derivative of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Stacking mixture has water content of 55-60%. Fermenting is done at 55 degrees C for at least 5 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises diatomite, activated carbon, ferric chloride and magnesia at ratio of 2:4:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Dehydrating and reacting with ethyl ester in a reaction in the same reaction kettle, where reaction solvent is anhydrous ethanol, and vincamine raw material is 4-8 times. Ethyl ester formation reaction is finished in a strong acid system, where pH of the strong acid is 2-3, and the strong acid includes concentrated sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or methanesulfonic acid. Preferred Component: The reaction catalyst is sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The amount of ethanol solvent is 3-10 L/kg coarse powder. The extraction step is conducted for 30-60 minutes. The ethanol solvent is at 50 vol.%. Gradient elution comprises eluting with 2-6 times column volume of water and 2-6 times column volume of 10-30 vol.% ethanol or methanol aqueous solution, 2-6 times column volume of 30-50 vol.% ethanol or methanol aqueous solution, 2-6 times column volume of 40-70 vol.% ethanol or methanol water solution, and 2-6 times column volume of 60-95 vol.% ethanol or methanol aqueous solution. The solvent A is n-butyl alcohol. The solvent B is ethyl acetate. The volume ratio of solvent A, solvent B and solvent C is 1:9:10. The wavelength of UV detector is 210-254 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The macroporous absorption resin is non-polar, weakly polar or polar macroporous absorption resin. It is D101, AB-8 or DM301 macroporous absorption resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Phase transfer catalyst is quat.-ammonium alkali or quat.-ammonium salt which includes tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, trimethyl-n-butylammonium hydroxide, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide quat.-ammonium hyroxide, hydrochloride, and sulfate, preferably anhydride. Amount of phase transfer catalyst is 1-10 mol.%, preferably 2.5 mol.% of erythromycin. Powder of strong alkali is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or mixed alkali, preferably mixed alkali of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Non-protonic solvent, water-insoluble solvent, and/or bottom water-soluble polar solvent includes 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, n-butylether, and/or methyl tert.-butyl ether. Methylation reagent is methyl iodide, methyl bromide, dimethyl sulfate or p-toluenesulfonic acid methyl ester, preferably methyl bromine. Preferred Condition: Methylation reaction temperature is 5-35 degrees C, preferably 15-20 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Reflux extracting involves adding petroleum ether, heating in Soxhlet extractor, filtering, cooling, and crystallizing. Crushing is done to 80-100 mesh. Ultrasonically extracting is carried out for 3 times at frequency of 25.8 kHz with extraction time of 25-30 minutes. Centrifuging is carried out at speed of 2000-4000 revolutions/minute for 8-15 minutes. Neutralizing involves adding 18-22 wt.% sodium carbonate, and stirring. Drying is carried out at 50-60 degrees C. Preferred Components: Ratio of D. zingiberensis and SDS is 1 g:8-10 mL. SDS concentration is 25.8x 10-3 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Fermenting is done at 30-40 degrees C for 3-6 days. Preferred Components: The protein-rich animal body is fish, shrimp or processing leftovers, or cattle, pig, sheep, chicken or processing leftovers. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The canal mud is dried to water content of 45-65%. The stacking composition having pH of 7.0-7.5 contains 55-65% water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The viable fungi preparation is Penicillium preparation and/or Trichoderma preparation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Rice bran solid fermentation liquid contains cottonseed, castor seed or soybean meal. ADMINISTRATION - Administration is by plowing soil, spreading 1500-3000 kg/ha biological organic fertilizer, adding irrigation water and applying 300-600 kg/ha for 2-3 times.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Grass is straw, wheat straw and/or corn cob. Compound fertilizer comprises urea, phosphor and potassium hydroxide at mass ratio of 1:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, humic acid, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and boric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Microbial flora is 1-1.5 wt.% bacteria and 1.1-1.6 wt.% yeast containing cephalosporin. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Conditions: Purity of sodium nitrophenolate is 95%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Edible fungi slag is Pleurotus eryngii residue or Agaricus bisporus residue. Bag is polypropylene plastic bag.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel oil additive comprises 35 pts.wt. of ethyl acrylate, 13 pts.wt. of hydrogenated carbonyl, 25 pts.wt. of fatty acid ethoxylates, 10 pts.wt. of dicyclohexylamine nitrite, 12 pts.wt. of dimethyl acetamide, 8 pts.wt. of polyisobutylene, 25 pts.wt. of ethylene, 14 pts.wt. of isopropanol, and 6 pts.wt. of ethyl acrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wood active carbon is bamboo activated carbon, coconut shell activated carbon and fruit shell active carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Catalyst is potassium hydroxide added at 0.1 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Mass ratio of grease and ethanol is 3-5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The production of agricultural amino acid fertilizer by hydrolysis of rapeseed cake comprises adjusting the rapeseed cake moisture content to 50%, adding 1 ton rapeseed cake into 50 l functional broth, carrying out solid fermentation, turning 2 times a day, recording pile temperature until the temperature returns to room temperature at the end of the fermentation, and at not more than 60 degrees C evaporating 30% water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The oil-producing microbial cells are eukaryotic microbial cells or prokaryotic microbial cells. The short chain alcohol is one or more of methanol, ethanol propanol, butanol and pentanol. The pH of the aqueous solution is 2-10, and the reaction is carried out at 20-60 degrees C for 5 minutes-168 hours. The method involves purifying long chain fatty acid ester using organic solvent chosen from petroleum ether, normal hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid impurities are metal, bone or plastic impurities, which are removed by using magnetic separation or any other suitable method. The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkane mixture comprises 90-95 wt.% propylene, 1-8 wt.% isobutene and 1-8 10 wt.% butane. The total amount of R1270-type propylene, R600a-type isobutane and R600-type butane is 0.3-0.6 kg. The refrigeration apparatus contains heavy alkyl benzene as refrigeration oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: HCR22 hydrocarbon refrigerant comprises either: 70-80 wt.% propene and 10-20 wt.% propane; or 80-90 wt.% propene and 20-30 wt.% propane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Biological diesel oil contains 45 wt.% low-grade diesel oil, 17 wt.% methanol, 13 wt.% purified water, and 25 wt.% animal and plant oil. Low-grade diesel oil is no. 0 or no. +5 diesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Purification of biogas involves performing wet desulfurization on pressurized biogas using sodium cobalt phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate as main body desulfurizing agent, performing dry desulfurization using iron oxide or zinc oxide as catalyst to remove hydrogen sulfide from biogas and obtain desulfurized biogas, cooling to convert carbon dioxide into liquid and separate methane and carbon dioxide, rough-dehydrating by performing water-gas separation on desulfurized and decarbonized biogas, compressing, and cooling, fine dehydrating with molecular sieve to obtain dehydrated biogas, cooling using refrigeration process to condense carbon dioxide in dehydrated biogas into liquid, compressing to 20-25 MPa, and mixing with raw material synergist e.g. alkyl sulfonate, triethylene tetramine, imidazoline cationic compound, and ethanol in gas cabinet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid alkali catalyst is potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or sodium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material bio-oil is plant oil, animal oil and/or catering waste oil. The plant oil is palm oil, coconut oil, corn germ oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, Swida oil or jatropha curcas oil. The animal oil is fish oil, beef fat, pig oil or sheep oil. The catering waste oil is cooking oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The reduction method comprises taking spore culture medium, adding 10 mg zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2 g peptone, 1 g yeast extract, 1 g hydrolyzed casein, 0.6 g sodium nitrate, 0.52 g potassium chloride, 0.52 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.52 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 mg zinc oxide, 10 mg boric acid, 5 mg manganese sulfate monohydrate, 1.6 mg cobalt chloride pentahydrate, 1.6 mg copper sulfate pentahydrate, 1.1 mg ammonium molybdate, 1.3 mg iron sulfate, 1.8 mg EDTA, 0.1 mg thiamin, 0.04 mg glycine, 0.01 mg niacin and 0.01 mg pyridoxine, mixing, inoculating seedlings in culture medium, transplanting, adding water, adding fertilizer, and growing. Culturing is carried out at 25-28 degrees C for 5-7 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The substance A is strong alkaline substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition 14-25 wt.% of cefuroxime axetil, 70-82 wt.% of coating material, and 10 wt.% of regulator. Preferred Components: The povidone is povidone K12, povidone K15, povidone K17, povidone K25 or povidone K30. The coating material is stearic acid, glyceryl palmitostearate and/or glyceryl behenate. ACTIVITY - Antiinflammatory; Auditory; Antimicrobial; Uropathic.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of composition is in the form of dry suspension or granules.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the catalyst comprises adding zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide powder, into a ball mill, grinding for 24-36 hours, then adding sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate powder and silica sol, fully and uniformly mixing, pelletizing, drying at 105-120 degrees C for 12-24 hours, transferring the dried material to a muffle furnace, heating at 500-600 degrees C for 1-2 hours, raising the temperature to 1550-1800 degrees C, keeping the temperature for 2-4 hours, and cooling. Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises 88.47 wt.% of zirconium dioxide, 8.22 wt.% of aluminum oxide, and 3.31 wt.% of titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The ester exchange reaction is carried out using a tubular reactor, which is filled with 2/5-4/5% of catalyst, and balance space is filled with glass wool, ceramic ball or/and glass fill. The tubular reactor has length-diameter ratio of more than 200. The tube type reactor is connected with a sample feeding device, a heat exchanging device, a flash evaporator, a condenser, a distiller, a rectifying tower, a reaction device and a pre-heater. The heat exchanging device is arranged between the sample feeding device and the reaction device. The tube-type reactor is connected with a straight tube body, which is provided with an upper end cover. The heating furnace is provided with a lower end cover. The upper end cover and lower end cover are fixed with two ends of the straight tube body. The heating furnace is arranged on the straight tube body whose periphery of upper part is provided with inner gas distributor. The lower part of the straight tube body is provided with catalyst. The upper end of the head is provided with the feeding tube, and lower end of the head is provided with a discharge tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier particles spherical, columnar, strip-shaped or ring-shaped. The catalyst comprises 1-10 wt.% nickel oxide, 10-20 wt.% magnesium oxide as additional component, and remaining carrier. The magnesium and nickel salts are nitrate, chloride or sulfate, preferably nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding the glyphosate isopropylamine salt with surfactant and dispersant. The acidification process is carried out by passing hydrogen chloride gas into a reaction kettle. The oxidation process is carried out by oxidizing the phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic acid under the action of catalyst, where the catalyst is deposited on the surface of the porous activated carbon, and then concentrating by evaporation to form a saturated salt solution. Preferred Components: The sodium hydroxide solution has a fraction of 25 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A stir pole of the stirrer is set through out the whole main tank body. The top part of the main tank body is set with the feeding port and air outlet. The feeding port is opened vertically upward. The liquid outlet is opened on the side part of main tank body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lipase is porcine pancreatic lipase, Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, Burkholderia cepacia lipase, Candida lipase, Rhizopus lipase or Aspergillus niger lipase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbonization conditions of thatched biomass, comprises performing pyrolysis process in presence of limited oxygen, heating at 400-900 degrees C at a rate of 3-10 degrees C/minute under the protection of nitrogen, and then carbonizing for 1-4 hours. The oleic acid molecules modified nano-gels are synthesized by performing polymerization reaction by using thermally induced free radicals, and feeding the reaction liquid comprising functional monomer N-isopropyl acrylamide, sodium oleate, cross-linking monomer N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, Triton X (RTM: Nonionic surfactant) emulsifying agent, and initiator sodium persulfate. The oleic acid molecules modified nano-gel coated biological carbon matrix is prepared by taking oleic acid-modified poly N- isopropylacrylamide nano-latex, adding thatched biomass, stirring at 25 degrees C with uniform mixing for 1-12 hours, heating at 60-80 degrees C for 1-6 hours, collecting the precipitate, filtering, and performing vacuum drying at 60 degrees C. The lipase interfacial activation and cross-linked fixed processing includes dissolving lipase in phosphate buffering liquid, mixing the oleic acid molecules modified nano-gel coated biological carbon matrix for 1-7 hours, adding 0.5-5 wt.% glutaraldehyde into phosphate buffering liquid, and magnetically stirring at 25-50 degrees C for 20-200 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fermentation raw material comprises 50-100% fermentation bed material. The obtained microbial fertilizer has not less than 30% organic matter, not less than 2x 107 colony forming units/g total beneficial microorganisms and not less than 6% nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5) content. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solution in the second step has mass/volume ratio of 5%. The concentration of sodium selenite is 1%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of ethane contained in the mixed gas is 0.1-50 volume% with respect to sum of total amount of ethylene and ethane. Preferred Process: The separation method is a pressure swing adsorption method or a temperature swing adsorption method. Preferred Definitions:    M=zinc or cobalt;    R1=methyl or ethyl;    R2,R3=H;and    L=2-methyl imidazolate or 2-ethyl imidazolate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: Anode material is stainless steel metal and cathode material is carbon. Sludge is sewage activated sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The high-temperature evaporator is positioned obliquely. The system is hermetically sealed. A capacitor is provided for condensing the vapor resulting in the system. The condensate resulting in the system is collected as a raw condensate in a collecting container. The hermetic discharge is carried out by a continuously generated fermentation residues grafting. The fermentation residues are pumped back from the low temperature evaporator by at least one further pipe system of the heat exchanger. The heat supply of the low temperature evaporator and the high-temperature evaporator is carried over a hot water circulation (32). The hot water is obtained for heating the fermentation residues from waste heat of a combined heat and power. The vapor, which is resulting from the high temperature evaporator, is supplied to the heat exchanger. The vapor, which is resulting in the low temperature evaporator, is condensed. The condensate from the low-temperature evaporator and the heat exchanger is supplied to a collecting container. The foam formation in the low temperature evaporator is detected by means of sensors, and the pressure and temperature is controlled as a function of the detected signals so that foam formation is avoided.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The mixed organic composition further comprises organic material. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises 1 to 50 pts. wt. nickel and 1-20 pts. wt. metal. The aluminum precursor is aluminum alkoxide including aluminum ethoxide, aluminum tributoxide, aluminum tert-butoxide, aluminum isopropoxide or aluminum tri-(sec-butoxide). The nickel precursor and metal precursor comprises metal acetate hydrate, metal chloride hydrate or metal sulfide. Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises mixing 10-30 pts. wt. aluminum precursor, with 100 pts. wt. alcohol. The step (d) comprises aging at room temperature for 7-10 days, drying at 50-80 degrees C, and calcining at 600-900 degrees C for 3-10 hours. The pretreatment is performed by supplying nitrogen and hydrogen gas at the speed of 30 ml/minute and 3-15 ml/minute, respectively at 670-800 degrees C for 3-10 hours. The methanation reaction is performed at 200-250 degrees C under the pressure of 0-20 bar. The volume ratio of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is 1:2-5, and the volume ratio of carbon dioxide and nitrogen is 1:1-4. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Sulfonylurea herbicide is nicosulfuron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Biodegradable fertilizer contains A. Niger spore solution, fertilizer, and organic fertilizer in which weight ratio of A. niger spore solution, fertilizer, and organic fertilizer is 1:3:6, and fertilizer is carbonated manganese-zinc, boron magnesium fertilizer, sodium molybdate, chelated copper, and/or ferrous ammonium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt comprises 0.1-0.3 M lithium bis(oxalato)borate in organic solvent. The anti-overcharge additives comprise 1-4% trichloroacetyl anisole and 0.8-2% mixture of 4 - bromobenzylisocyanate. The film-forming agent comprises 1-3% vinylene carbonate, 0.5-2% propylene and 0.5-1.5% propane. The functional additive comprises 0.3-0.5% hexamethyl N-alkyl disilazane and 0.1-0.3% silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent comprises 1-2 wt.% triethylamine. The organic solvent comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate in the volume ratio of 5-10:1:5-8:3-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The casing introduces oxygen and wastewater into bottom vortex chamber and discharges oxygen dissolved water from the upper vortex chamber. The diameter of the bottom vortex chamber is greater than the diameter of the upper vortex chamber. The diameter of the lower end of the vortex chamber is greater than diameter of upper end.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The screw stirrer adjusts the stirring speed by hydraulic motor and the hydraulic system. The screw stirrer stirs and circulates the bottom of the sludge repeatedly from the lower end of the inner cylinder to the upper end and again to lower end. The screw stirrer is stirred at the speed of 1/5-1/20 with reduced rotation, where the screw stirrer and the lower horizontal stirrer are connected to a gear box. The lower horizontal stirrer comprises: a rod-type shaft provided with multiple holes; multiple scrapers mounted at regular interval on the shaft; and a sludge water tank coupled with the circulating pump and installed at the bottom center of the shaft. The upper horizontal stirrer comprises: the rod type shaft provided with multiple holes corresponding to the lower horizontal stirrer; and a sludge water tank coupled with the circulating pump which is installed at the top center of the shaft. The bottom precipitated sludge is stirred and released through the holes of the upper horizontal stirrer into the circulating pump and certain period of time stirring and circulating by releasing digestion fluid from the holes of the lower horizontal stirrer through the circulating pump into the holes of the upper horizontal stirrer. The lower horizontal stirrer is operated through the separate hydraulic motor. The upper horizontal stirrer, the screw stirrer and the lower horizontal stirrer are operated by the each or part of the installed hydraulic motors. The anaerobic digester is operated at 35-40 degrees C or 52-60 degrees C. The heating tube is connected with a thermal solubilization reactor for supplying solubilized solution of the organic waste, where thermal solubilization is carried out under hot condition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction proceeds in absence of solvent at 45-80 degrees C. The catalyst is used in proportion less than 20 wt.% relative to stoichiometric amounts of the starting reagents. The catalyst comprises metal elements including aluminum and niobium. The catalyst is synthesized from a mesoporous silica material by reaction with an amine-containing silane in presence of toluene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Process: The method further comprises drying the cultivated Bacillus species, and pulverizing the cultivated Bacillus species. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Pichia farinosa NAAS-2 strain and the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NAAS-1 strain are present in a weight ratio of 1:1. The culturing liquid is present in an amount of 0.1-20 wt.%. The agent is produced at a temperature of 20-25 degrees C or 15-35 degrees C, a stirring speed of 10-100 revolutions per minute (rpm) or 10-200 rpm and an aeration rate of 0.01-0.1 l/minutes or 0.05-1 l/minutes. The reducing agent has a pH value of 4-5 or 4.5-7.5, and further comprises 1-5 wt.% of pine cones. The culturing liquid further includes anhydroglucose, soybean meal, magnesium sulfate, soluble starch, yeast extract powder, and salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Part of hydrogen-containing gas produced with modifier is made into recycled gas. When amount of hydrogen generated in modifier is low and amount of oxygen in raw material is high, amount of recycled gas added with respect to raw material supplied to hydrodesulfurization device is increased. When amount of oxygen in raw material is high and amount of hydrogen generated in modifier is high, amount of recycled gas added with respect to raw material supplied to hydrodesulfurization device is not increased. When oxygen concentration in raw material is high, amount of water vapor with respect to raw material is reduced and hydrogen-containing gas is produced in modifier. When amount of hydrogen generated in modifier is low and amount of oxygen in raw material is high, amount of water vapor with respect to raw material is reduced. When amount of oxygen in raw material is high and amount of hydrogen generated in modifier is high, amount of water vapor with respect to raw material is not reduced.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Pinacea powder contains Pinacea branches and leaves which is dried and crushed. High starch plant waste powder is corn straw powder, Sorghum straw powder, and/or sugarcane straw residue powder. Saline soil modifier with water contains soil, sludge, fertilizer, bio-waste, starch, plant gum, animal gum, polysaccharide, or macromolecular material. Preferred Processes: Saline soil modifier is prepared by mixing Pinacea powder and water in sealed container in which weight ratio of Pinacea powder and water is 1:10-1:100, fermenting at 18-35 degrees C for 5-20 days, and homogenizing. Saline soil modifier is prepared by burying pile or performing sealed fermentation, drying, sterilizing, crushing, passing through 20-60 meshes sieve, and mixing Pinacea powder and manure powder in which weight ratio of Pinacea powder and manure powder is 1:1-100:1. Saline soil modifier is prepared by burying pile or performing sealed fermentation, drying, sterilizing, crushing, passing through 20-60 meshes sieve, mixing Pinacea powder and manure powder in which weight ratio of Pinacea powder and manure powder is 1:1-100:1, adding water in which weight ratio of powder mixture and water is 1:10-1:100, and fermenting at 18-30 degrees C for 5-20 days. Black tea bacteria is prepared by fermenting black tea bacteria culture liquid. Black tea bacteria culture liquid is prepared by mixing Pinacea powder and water, preferably Pinacea powder and/or high starch plant waste powder, manure powder, and water in container in which weight ratio of Pinacea powder and water is 1:10-1:100, maintaining temperature at 18-35 degrees C, adding bacteria culture liquid in which weight ratio of bacteria culture liquid and mixture of powder and water is 1:10-1:100, and fermenting for 5-20 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Material: The agricultural and forestry waste is plant source agricultural and forestry waste or animal source waste. The plant source agricultural and forestry waste is water pole, rice straw, rice hull, wooden meal, Chinese traditional medicine residue water. The animal source waste is livestock and poultry excrement of peanut shell, chicken manure, pig manure, and cow dung.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of carbon material in carbonate supplement is calculated by the formula: Mt (wt.%)=(Vr/509.1Ms).((Vh2-Vco2)-R'(Vco+Vco2)/(R'+1)+( alpha )(R'-1)) (I), where Ms is carbonate burning rate (wt.%), Vr is gas production rate of dry coal in furnace (Nm3/t), Vco is original volume fraction of carbon monoxide in carbonization gas composition (vol.%), Vco2 is original volume fraction of carbon dioxide in carbonization gas composition (vol.%), Vh2 is original volume fraction of hydrogen gas in carbonization gas composition (vol.%), R'=hydrogen to carbon ratio of burning synthesis gas, which is 3-3.3, and ( alpha ) is conversion ratio of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide. The ( alpha ) for high-temperature carbonization is 0.5-0.6, and ( alpha ) for medium temperature carbonization is 0.4-0.5. The carbon material of carbonate supplement is limestone, dolomite, siderite and magnesite. The anion of carbon material is carbonate, and cation of carbon material is calcium(II) ion, magnesium(II) ion and ferric ion. The amount of metal oxide in clean solid fuel is 0.3-16 wt.%. The supplement after carbonization comprises 0.02 g/m3 or less coal tar, 0.2 g/m3 or less hydrogen sulfide, 0.05 g/m3 or less ammonia and 4 g/m3 or less benzyl. The methane component of synthesis gas comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane, and remainder of nitrogen and hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The dried soybean straw, the cotton straw and the stem of castor oil plant are crushed to a size of 2 cm and mixed in a ratio of 1:1.2:2. A water content of the mixed straw is 25%. The mixed straw is placed in the cylinder for 35-36 hours. The pyrolysis step is carried out at 560-660 degrees C for 5 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The annular grooves have average diameter of 50 mm. The discharging opening has a diameter of 8-12 mm. Widths of the first, second and third annular grooves are 25-40 mm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Methanol fuel contains 95 wt.% methanol and 5 wt.% stability modifier. Stability modifier contains 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. ethyl propanol, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. n-hexane, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. acetone, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 50 pts. wt. ethanol, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 50 pts. wt. n-propanol, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 30 pts. wt. ethyl acetate, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 30 pts. wt. methyl tert.-butyl ether, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 20 pts. wt. tert.-butanol, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 20 pts. wt. isopropyl ether, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. neutral red, 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 30 pts. wt. dimethylbenzene, and 1-50 pts. wt., preferably 30 pts. wt. diethyl malonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Low-temperature point ignition additive is carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Methanol gasoline contains 73-75 mass%, preferably 74 mass% methanol, 0.005 mass% sodium hydroxide, 0.4 mass% corrosion inhibitor, 0.3 mass% antioxidant, 0.5-0.7 mass%, preferably 0.7 mass% lubricant, 3-4 mass%, preferably 4 mass% methyl tert.-butylether, 3-5 mass%, preferably 4 mass% petroleum ether, 0.5 mass% cyclohexylamine, 7-9 mass%, preferably 8.995 mass% naphtha, 5 mass% low-temperature point ignition additive, and 2-2.5 mass%, preferably 2.1 mass% stabilizer. Corrosion inhibitor contains benzotriazole and oleic acid imidazoline according to mass ratio of 2:3. Antioxidant is BHT501. Lubricant is liquid paraffin. Stabilizer contains butanone and glycerol according to mass ratio of 2:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Sulfur-fixing agent contains 78-83 mass% lime and 17-22 mass% periclase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Biomass is straw, rice, and/or sawdust. Anthracid coal is Korean anthracite coal. Preferred Parameters: Anthracite coal has greater than or equal to 80 mesh particle size, sulfur-fixing agent has 80-150 mesh particle size, and biomass has 50-150 mesh particle size. Preferred Forms: Anthracite coal is flat-rounded with 30-40 mm diameter. Preferred Processes: Preparation of vertical type coal includes screening after press-kneading in screening machine consisting of square hole with 25-30 mm edge length.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Main body is set with charcoal carbide layer. Amount of straw powder in charcoal main body is greater than or equal to 60 wt.%. Preferred Parameters: Charcoal carbide layer has 0.1-0.8 mm thickness.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Charcoal carbide layer has 1-1.5 mm thickness. Combustion-supporting hole has 0.5-2.5 mm hole diameter. Center hole diameter is less than main body maximum diameter. Preferred Compositions: Amount of straw powder in charcoal main body is greater than or equal to 50 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Gene: The lipase gene comprises: (i) fully defined 1395 bp (SEQ ID NO: 1) given in the specification; (ii) 64-1392 bp of SEQ ID NO: 1; or (iii) encoding a derived protein at low stringent condition with lipase activity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The thickness of degradation and nutrition layer or the nutrition layer is 2-10 mm.The multifunctional biodegradable mulching film comprises 25-35 parts weight straw, 10-20 parts weight sawdust, 10-20 parts weight mushroom, 30-40 parts weight livestock excrement, 0.1-0.2 parts weight biological glue, 0.1-0.2 parts weight preservative, 0.1-0.2 parts weight trace element fertilizer, and 0.1-0.2 parts weight pesticide. Preferred Component: The preservative is nitrate or nitrite. The pesticide includes tetramethrin, deltamethrin, casein or trichlorfon. The biological glue is konjak. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Antibacterial; Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The nano zinc oxide is in particle size of 30 nm. The Kafer medium comprises 2 g peptone, 1 g yeast extract, 1 g hydrolyzed casein, 0.6 g sodium nitrate, 0.52 g potassium chloride, 0.52 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1.52 g monopotassium phosphate, 0.52 g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 10 mg boric acid, 5 mg manganese sulfate hydrate, 1.6 mg cobalt chloride pentahydrate, 1.6 mg copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, 1.1 mg ammonium heptamolybdate, 1.3 mg ferrous sulfate, 1.8 mg EDTA, 0.1 mg thiamine, 0.04 mg glycine, 0.01 mg niacin and 0.01 mg pyridoxine. The step (b) involves inoculating pear-shaped spores in Kafer liquid culture medium, incubating in shaker at 25-28 degrees C and 100-120 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 7-10 days, filtering, collecting mycelia, dissolving in 1-4 g/l double distilled water, pouring in roots of rice seedlings having age of 7-14 days, irrigating, and colonizing roots of rice.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Hydrothermal treatment is performed at 160-220 degrees C, preferably 200 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours, preferably 1 hour. Preferred Components: Colloidal cell structure biomass dreg is pharmaceutical fermented dreg. Pharmaceutical fermented dreg is antibiotic dreg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Ratio water:carbon is 1:1. Preferred Parameters: Excess air coefficient is 1.3. Preferred Processes: Obtained steam is used in hydrothermal treatment or water-rich vapor combustion. Combustible gas is obtained by mechanically dewatering wastewater through anaerobic fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Parameters: Oxygen steel cylinder has controlled pressure of 13 MPa. Preferred Components: Pressure container is acetylene steel cylinder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent is active carbon, molecular sieve, or silicone glue. Preferred Method: The concentrating of methane is carried out using pressure swing adsorption method comprising adsorption, uniform pressure dropping, forward discharging, reverse discharging, rinsing, vacuum-desorption, and homogenizing pressure increase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The microchannel is attached to hydrophobic material chosen from silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and silicon rubber. The hydraulic diameter of the microchannel is 300-1000 mu . The contact angle of the absorbent is plus minus 120 degrees .    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The absorbent is organic amine chosen from ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperazine, diethylene glycol amine, diisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, N-methyldiethanol amine, and their mixtures. The mass fraction of the absorbent is 10-35% and sulfolane in the absorbent is 20-40%. The surfactant is fatty alcohol polyethenoxy ether sodium sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate or fatty acid ester of glycerol and sucrose. The defoaming agent is chosen from 15-25 mass% dimethicone, 0.5-2 mass% white carbon black, 2-6 mass% emulsifying agent and remaining water. The emulsifying agent is chosen from alkyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, butyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl succinic acid ester sulfonate and alkyl sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphite nitride photocatalyst has hollow sphere shape and micro- and nano-structures. The specific surface area of graphite nitride hollow sphere, is 80-280 m2/g, the particles diameter is 270-800 nm, the thickness is 30-100 nm, the optical absorption band edge of photocatalyst is 420-700 nm. Preferred Method: The method comprises (i) synthesizing silica spheres; (ii) dissolving silica spheres in aqueous solution of small organic molecule monomer and cyanamide to obtain sol, subjecting to ultrasound, heating at 80 degrees C to stir, centrifuging, drying in air or nitrogen atmosphere, and heating to 550 degrees C at a rate of 2.3 degrees C/minute for 4 hours, where the small organic molecule monomer is 2-amino-3-cyanothiophene, 2-aminobenzonitrile, diaminomaleonitrile or barbituric acid; and (iii) stirring for 48 hours by adding 8 mol/l ammonium hydrofluoride solution into solution of step (ii), filtering, washing with water, and then stirring for 48 hours. filtering, washing with water, and performing vacuum drying at 80 degrees C to obtain the product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Fermentation is carried out at 3-70 degrees C. The simple container is a bag-shaped, barrel, or box container having a volume of 1000-9000000 ml. Each simple container may be single type or composite type of material manufacturing which is easy to use after loading and handling and airtight, and has no leakage. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step A comprises separating, from the supernatant, cellulolytic bacteria spores as corn straw decomposition species at high temperature. The corn straw is obtained by cutting down a rear part of the corn straw from corn planting field, then mixing 1.5-2 kg of fungus and 2-3 kg of urea to obtain material, and uniformly spraying the material on the rear part of the corn straw to decompose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The top part of the straw stack is flat in structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The insulating cloth is formed overlapping of at least one layer of glass fiber, ceramic fiber fabric or glass wool. The temperature inside the storage container is maintained at 70-90 degrees C. The device has an insulating cloth coated outside the heating plate having temperature of 120-200 degrees C. The device has a heating plate of temperature 110-180 degrees C coated with insulating cloth present at the side of the storage container. The device has an insulating cloth covering the heating plate having temperature of 100-160 degrees C from bottom to top of the storage container. The bottom of the storage container has a discharge hole for discharging the materials present in the storage container.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cultivation material comprises: 30 pts. wt. cow dung, 10 pts. wt. corn straw, 10 pts. wt. gypsum, 1 pts. wt. fertilizer, 1 pts. wt. calcium, 1 pts. wt. superphosphate and 1 pts. wt. bentonite; or 45 pts. wt. cow dung, 20 pts. wt. corn straw, 15 pts. wt. gypsum, 1 pts. wt. fertilizer, 2 pts. wt. calcium, 2 pts. wt. superphosphate and 3 pts. wt. bentonite; or 60 pts. wt. cow dung, 30 pts. wt. corn straw, 20 pts. wt. gypsum, 2 pts. wt. fertilizer, 2 pts. wt. calcium, 4 pts. wt. superphosphate and 5 pts. wt. bentonite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The molasses fermented product of yellow humic acid is present in an amount of 78-88 wt.%. The urea is present in an amount of 5-10 wt.%. The phosphamidon is present in an amount of 2.5-5 wt.%. The amino acid powder is present in an amount of 2-8 wt.%. The potassium nitrate is present in an amount of 1-3 wt.%. The magnesium sulfate is present in an amount of 0.5-1 wt.%. The ferrous sulfate is present in an amount of 0.1-0.3 wt.%. The copper sulfate is present in an amount of 0.02-0.05 wt.%. The zinc sulfate is present in an amount of 0.1-0.6 wt.%. The borax is present in an amount of 0.05-0.2 wt.%. The functional bacteria is yeast, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus-potassium bacteria. Each dosage of the bacteria is 300-400 g. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor is a stacked type or conical type reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The culture medium comprises 50-60 pts. wt. mushroom slag (preferably 55 pts. wt), 28-32 pts. wt. (preferably 30 pts. wt) livestock manure, 0.6-1.2 pts. wt. (preferably 0.9 pts. wt) ammonium bicarbonate, 1.2-1.8 pts. wt. (preferably 1.5 pts. wt) urea, 1 pts. wt. potassium hydroxide, 1.1-1.4 pts. wt. (preferably 1.3 pts. wt) lime, 1.2-1.8 pts. wt. (preferably 1.5 pts. wt) gypsum, 2 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 1.1-1.3 pts. wt. (preferably 1.2 pts. wt) kelp residue, 1.8-2.2 pts. wt. (preferably 2 pts. wt) corn cob, and 0.7-0.9 pts. wt. (preferably 0.8 pts. wt) protein mud. Preferred Components: The livestock manure is sheep manure or cow manure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture base material comprises 35-60 pts. wt., preferably 45 pts. wt. oyster mushroom bacteria slag, 30-35 pts. wt., preferably 33 pts. wt. livestock manure, 0.6-0.8 pts. wt., preferably 0.7 pts. wt. wheat bran, 0.8-1 pts. wt., preferably 0.9 pts. wt. urea, 1-1.2 pts. wt., preferably 1.1 pts. wt. lime, 0.5-0.8 pts. wt., preferably 0.6 pts. wt. calcium carbonate, 0.6-1 pts. wt., preferably 0.8 pts. wt. potassium sulfate and 1.2-1.4 pts. wt., preferably 1.3 pts. wt. castor cake. The livestock manure is chicken manure or cow dung. The stack is in the form of cone-shaped.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The culture material comprises (a) 40-60 pts. wt. mushroom residue, 31-34 pts. wt. horse dung, 0.6-1.2 pts. wt. ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 1.2-1.4 pts. wt. potassium phosphate, 1.6-1.8 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 1.1-1.3 pts. wt. lime, 0.6-0.8 pts. wt. golden cypress, 1.8-2.4 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 0.6-1.2 pts. wt. humic acid, 1.4-1.8 pts. wt. rapeseed meal, and 2 pts. wt. rice bran, or (b) 50 pts. wt. mushroom residue, 33 pts. wt. horse dung, 0.9 pts. wt. ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 1.3 pts. wt. potassium phosphate, 1.7 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 1.2 pts. wt. lime, 0.7 pts. wt. golden cypress, 2 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 0.9 pts. wt. humic acid, 1.6 pts. wt. rapeseed meal, and 2 pts. wt. rice bran. Preferred Method: The heap is in cone shape form. In step (e), 1.5-2 bottles are placed per 1 m2, where capacity of bottle is 500 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nano biodiesel comprises 75 or 80 kg of diesel oil, 9 or 10 kg of water, 5 or 5.5 kg of oleic acid, 1.2, 1.5 or 2 kg of 25 or 30% aqueous ammonia and 3, 3.5 or 4 kg of 95 or 99% of methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of gas (A) containing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is 11% or less. The concentration of gas (B) containing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is 12% or less. Preferred Process: The methanation process is carried out in presence of catalyst chosen from nickel, carrier is boehmite, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and magnesium aluminate, and auxiliary agent is chosen from pottassium, lanthanum and cerium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coal tar oil has distillation temperature of 100-140 degrees C. The heavy component oil has distillation temperature of greater than 200 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The waste oil is pretreated by removing sediments, filtering impurities and performing vacuum dehydration. The catalyst is prepared by pulverizing clean egg shell, and calcining for 15 minutes at 1000 degrees C. The aromatic mixture is prepared by mixing 10-12 pts. wt. purified waste oil, 1-2 pts. wt. animal oil and 3-4 pts. wt. vegetable oil, maintaining at 60-70 degrees C, and adding catalyst. The biodiesel is prepared by adding prepared aromatic mixture to mixture of methanol and isobutanol, maintaining at 60-70 degrees C for 4 hours, stirring for 30 minutes, and performing vacuum distillation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Pg1 and Pg2 are selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, propyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or benzyl. The feeding mol ratio of compound (II) and compound (III) is 1:0.5-1. The condensation cyclization reaction uses catalyst i.e. tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride, tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium carbonyl hydride, tris(acetylacetonato)rhodium, tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium carbonyl chloride or tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium dichloride; cocatalyst i.e. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, aluminum chloride, zinc chloride or zinc iodide; and solvent i.e. toluene, xylene, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-methyl-2-butanol or cyclopentyl methyl ether. It is conducted at 100-150 degrees C. The deprotection reaction is conducted using hydrobromic acid, boron tribromide, boron trichloride, or boron trifluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lactic acid bacteria is Streptococcus lactis. The Flavobacterium is parasitic Flavobacterium. The red yeast is obtained by using adhesive medium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first, second and third conical holes and a straight hole has a height of respectively 4 mm, 16 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm. The circular three-dimensional hole of the first conical hole, second conical hole, and third conical hole and straight hole are respectively 11 mm, 9 mm, 7 mm and 6 mm. The mold main body is obtained after carbon infiltration process and is made of steel material having carbon content of 1.4%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The SAPO-35 molecule sieve exhibits diffraction peaks at diffraction angle (2( theta )) of 8.6317 degrees , 10.9414 degrees , 17.3168 degrees , 21.9518 degrees and 26.966 degrees , respectively measured by X-ray diffraction pattern. Preferred Composition: The silicon source is chosen from silica sol, activated silica and orthosilicate. The aluminum source is chosen from aluminum salts, activated alumina and aluminum alkoxide. The phosphorus source is chosen from orthophosphoric acid, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, organic phosphorus compound and phosphorus oxide. The choline cation-containing compound is chosen from choline chloride, choline phosphate, choline citrate and choline hydroxide. The molar ratio choline cation-containing compound and aluminum source is 0.42-2. Preferred Definitions:    R1=N,N- dimethylethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine or diglycolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Urine is from livestock, poultry, and human life health systems. Preferred Process: Human urine is collected using plumbing fixture which separately collects urine or urine and water flushing mixture. Livestock and poultry urine collection is performed by separately collecting urine or urine and water flushing mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Hydrogen is produced by collecting natural water sediment and activated sludge sewage treatment, inoculating microorganism strain to electrolysis cell anode chamber, injecting urine source to anode chamber (1), injecting phosphate buffer solution to cathode chamber (2), applying voltage with direct current supply, recording current in ammeter (7), screening and enriching microorganisms on electrode surface, where current increase is observed and ammonia concentration in anode chamber decreases, generating hydrogen gas in cathode chamber, where sharp decrease in current is observed when ammonia in anode chamber is exhausted and hydrogen production stops which signifies completion of screening and enrichment, discharging mixture from anode chamber, re-injecting urine source, producing hydrogen via microbial electrolysis, re-injecting urine to anode chamber, where current rapidly increases as reaction continues and hydrogen is continuously produced, replacing urine in anode chamber upon decreases of current, and repeating hydrogen production and urine separation. Preferred Conditions: Applied voltage is 0.5-1.6 V. Microorganism electrolysis cell inner temperature is 15-55 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: Water distributor system is made of DN100 size polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and DNl50 size PVC pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: Inner grid area of biological treatment zone is a fixed filler zone or suspended filler zone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Organic waste is animal excrement, straw, grain or fruit. Preferred Process: Earthworm manure (300-400 parts), humic acid (50 parts), 100-mesh shell powder (100) and chelated microelement (1 part) are mixed uniformly to obtain the composite formulation of organic fertilizer. Earthworm manure is added in water, and the obtained mixture is heated at 60-70 degrees C with stirring for 30 minutes. Humic acid (80-120 parts) are mixed to the obtained material by stirring for 60 minutes. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (40-60 parts) is added to the obtained material, and then stirred for 30 minutes, and then the obtained material is cooled to 20-30 degrees C. Potassium nitrate (80-120 parts) is mixed with obtained material with stirring for 10 minutes. Urea (40-60 parts) is added to the obtained material with stirring for 10 minutes. The obtained material is kept for 12 hours, and then supernatant is taken to obtain the chitin-rich liquid fertilizer. Preferred Condition: Fermentation time in summer is 18-22 days and 30-35 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Processing bio-organic fertilizer involves using pig manure, where water content in pig manure is 60-70%. Inoculate (0.3-0.5%) is added into pig manure and stirred to obtain mixture. The obtained mixture is fermented at 38-40 degrees C and then fermented at 60-70 degrees C for 12-15 days to obtain fermentation product, where water content of fermentation product is 20%. Fermentation process is performed at pH value 5.8-6.5. The fermentation product is crushed and then sieved to obtain the finished product. Inoculate is selected from Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Penicillium chrysogenum or Bacillus stearothermophilus. Preferred Components: Bio-organic fertilizer comprises humic acid, active organic matter content (35-40%), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and beneficial microorganism. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Metal protease, coenzyme and biological material ratio is 2kg/m3. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Chelating strain and fermented culture medium mixture is mixed with organic solid waste material in weight ratio of 1:4 and then fermented for 40-50 days to obtain the chelating strain and fermented culture medium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Mushroom waste includes Pleurotus ostreatus, Russula and Coprinus mushroom. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida, Bacillus subtilis ssp. subtilis, Bacillus lieheniformis having preservation no. CCAM020022.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Fly ash and rice composite material is added to ferment compost in an amount of 20-40%, and then kept for fermenting for 20-30 days in presence of aerobic bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The small magnetic container is made of iron sheet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: Adhesive plastic is made of polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred components: Nutrition liquid is selected from sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate. Preferred composition: Mass ratio of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate is 2: 1: 1: 1: 1. Microbial inoculums is selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Chrysosporium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Candida tropicalis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Fermenting agents are fungi, yeasts, Actinomyces or bacteria selected from trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, rope-like Penicillium, Geotrichum, Candida utilis or Candida tropicalis. Straw is selected from wheat, rice or corn.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Coating materials is epoxy resins, polyamide resins, polylactic acid, polyethylene, palm oil, linseed oil, sodium silicate or their mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Microbial fermenting agent is selected from Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis, blue mold, Geotrichum candidum, Candida utilis, Saccharomyces or Candida tropicalis. Straw is selected from wheat, rice or corn. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Conditions: Fermentation is performed at 50-60 degrees C for 10 days and sterilized at 110 degrees C for 30 minutes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Conditioning agent (in pts.wt.): fermented biogas slurry (18-22, preferably 19-21), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.5-2, preferably 0.7-1.5) and potassium carbonate (1-3, preferably 1.5-2.5). ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol. Extractant is aliphatic alkane or aromatic hydrocarbon. Added amount of extractant is 10-20 wt.%. Preferred Method: Concentration and crystallization is carried out by three-effect evaporator with vacuum degree of 0.08-0.09 MPa. Heating under reflux is done for 1-2 hours. The method further comprises cooling to room temperature, throwing and washing white crystals of sodium glycolate. Decolorizing is done using 0.1-5 wt.% activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid is sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is ethanol. Cosolvent is ethyl acetate or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Oxidant is potassium persulfate (K2S2O8)/silver nitrate (AgNO3), iodosylbenzene, manganese dioxide (MnO2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/((R,R)-Salen)manganese(III) chloride (Mn(III)Cl), or H2O2/((S,S)-Salen)Mn(III)Cl. Cyanating agent is hydrocyanic acid, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide, or trimethyl cyano silane. Acid-alkyl alcohol solution is inorganic acid and 1-4 carbon-containing alkyl alcohol mixture. Inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid, or hydroiodic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Cyanation reaction includes use of catalyst i.e. boron trifluoride ether, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, trimethylsilyl ester, stannic chloride, or hydrochloric acid. Splitting process is performed by carrying out salification reaction to compound (II) using splitting reagent and hydrolyzing. Preferred Components: The 1-4 carbon-containing alkyl alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, or tert.-butyl alcohol. Splitting reagent is D-di-p-methylbenzoyl tartaric acid or D-(+)-dibenzoyl tartaric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acylation catalyst is anhydrous aluminum chloride. Acylation reaction solvent in forming complex is dichloromethane. Oxidation agent is m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Acid used in forming ether is hydrogen chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonate, or trifluoroacetic acid. Reaction solvent in forming ether is methylene chloride. Purification solvent is ethanol. Preferred Conditions: Friedel-Crafts acylation temperature is 5-10 degrees C. Reaction temperature in forming complex is room temperature. Reaction time in forming complex is 3-5 hours. Oxidation feeding temperature is 3-7 degrees C. Oxidation reaction temperature is 15-20 degrees C. Reaction temperature in forming ether is 0-5 degrees C. Preferred Processes: Synthesis of (2R,3R)-dihydroquercetin includes reacting caffeoyl chloride to obtain complex after performing Friedel-Crafts acylation. Crystallization is performed by stirring to cool.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid hydrolysis reaction is performed at 10-100 degrees C, where the acid is an inorganic acid which is selected from hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid. The inorganic alkali is selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. The base is an alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal alkali or organic alkali, where the alkali metal base and an alkaline earth metal base are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride or calcium hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acylation reaction is performed by using organic alkali or inorganic alkali, where the organic alkali is selected from diethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, 2,6-pyridine or piperidine. Preferred Process: The oxomorpholin compound of formula (III) is prepared by reacting chloropropan-2-yl acetate derivative of formula (IV) with oxomorpholin derivative of formula (V) at low temperature in alkali medium in solvent. The chloropropan-2-yl acetate derivative of formula (IV) is prepared by reacting (2S)-3-chloropropan-2-hydroxy-1-amine hydrochloride with an acylating agent at 0-30 degrees C in presence of catalyst. The acylating reagent has general formulae (VI-VII). The acylating agent is selected from acyl chloride, anhydride, formyl chloride, acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride or acetic anhydride. The organic base is sodium methoxide, lithium tert.-butoxide, sodium tert.-butoxide, potassium tert.-butoxide, sodium ethoxide or aluminum isopropoxide. The solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali metal nitrite is lithium nitrite, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite or ammonium nitrite. The reducing agent in the last step is lithium aluminum hydride, borane, or borohydride of alkali metal including sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride or potassium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The reducing agent in the reduction reaction of compound (VI) is iron powder, zinc powder, or tin powder. ACTIVITY - Anticoagulant; Thrombolytic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent or ether. The aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is hexane or cyclohexane. The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is benzene or toluene. The ether is diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dimethyl ether. Preferred Definitions:    Y'=Li, Na or K.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is nitrogen or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium catalyst is selected from PdCl2 (dtbpf), (PdCl (allyl))2, Pd(amphos)2Cl2 or Pd(OAc)2. The organic solvent (N1) is selected from toluene, dichloromethane, diethyl ether or ethyl acetate. The organic solvent (N2) is selected from methanol, ethanol, heptane, hexane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate or isopropanol. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodegradable material is starch, and the concentration of the starch with respect to the first mixture is 10-30 wt.%, preferably 20-25 wt.%. The water-soluble polymer material is chosen from polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, shellac, guar gum, pectin and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid. The water-soluble polymer material is 10-30 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol and 25-35 wt.% carboxymethyl cellulose. The concentration of the carboxymethyl cellulose with respect to the first mixture is 20-25 wt.%. The concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol with respect to the first mixture is 35-40 wt.%. The nutrient salt is chosen from ammonium chloride, maltodextrin, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, ferric chloride, glycine, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, aspartic acid and humic acid. The polyol is glycerol and the concentration of the glycerol with respect to the second mixture is 10-16 wt.%. The weight ratio of the first mixture to the second mixture is 2:1. The method involves heating the fertilizer blocks at 140-145 degrees C, 145-150 degrees C, 165-170 degrees C and 135-140 degrees C. The method involves heating the pelletized fertilizers at 40 degrees C, and baking the pelletized fertilizers within 24-48 hours. The starch is modified starch or native starch. The water-soluble polymer material is polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose. The polyol is glycerol. The nutrient salt is chosen from ammonium chloride, maltodextrin, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, ferric chloride, glycine, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, aspartic acid and humic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The sprinkling intensity (QL) is 0.2x 104 m3/s. The filter bed is loaded with hydrogen sulfide at a rate of up to 37727 H2S/dm3h.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The biomass fiber source is bagasse. The at least one microbial species comprises a first microbial species immobilized in a first immobilization medium and a second microbial species immobilized in a separate immobilization medium from the first, where both the first and the second microbial species are immobilized together in a calcium alginate bead. The fermentation characteristic of the second microbial species is complimentary to a fermentation characteristic of the first microbial species. The first microbial species is yeast and the second microbial species is a bacteria. The second microbial species more efficiently ferments a particular monosaccharide than the first microbial species. The metabolic rate with respect to a particular monosaccharide of the second microbial species is substantially different than the first microbial species. The first microbial species is contained in a first fermentation vessel and the second microbial species is contained in a second fermentation vessel, where during the fermentation step the liquid hydrolysate is passed through both the first fermentation vessel and the second fermentation vessel. The step (b) further involves conditioning the liquid hydrolysate and removing a high value product from the liquid hydrolysate by adsorption. The step (b) further involves recovering fermentation inhibiting high value products from the liquid hydrolysate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The parameters comprise modifying one or more parameter of (a) the catalyst composition introduced into the inlet, (b) the flow rate of the catalyst composition into the inlet, (c) the flow rate of hydrocarbon feedstock into the inlet, and (d) heat input to the reactor. The monitoring the temperature includes monitoring the temperature in the reactor at at least two locations that are at or adjacent to the inlet, where the two locations are spaced apart at least one of longitudinally or laterally from each other within the reactor. The temperature-monitoring distance is 0.2 L, preferably 0.1 L or less from the inlet. The hydrocarbon feedstock and catalyst composition are introduced into the inlet as a mixture or separate feeds. The parameters of (a) to (d) as above per se, are modified to maintain the weighted average temperature of the at least two locations of at least 550 degrees C, preferably 570-680 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The catalyst composition comprises a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and a zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5) zeolite catalyst, where the amount of ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is 30-45 wt.%, preferably 10 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The neutralizing agent comprises 30-50 wt.% of yellow soil powder, 30-50 wt.% of shell powder and 5-20 wt.% of water. The vegetation promotion composition comprises 2.5-7.5 wt.% of magnesium oxide, 2.5-6 wt.% of magnesium chloride, 1-3.5 wt.% of calcium chloride, 1-3 wt.% of potassium chloride, 1-3 wt.% of sodium chloride, 5-12.5 wt.% of sodium hydroxide, 10-20 wt.% of potassium hydroxide, 0.5-1 wt.% of magnesium hydroxide, 0.5-1 wt.% of hydroxy tricarboxylic acid, 5-12.5 wt.% of water and 40-60 wt.% of starch granule having a diameter of 0.5-5mm. The shell powder comprises a calcium compound containing calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, dolomite, and limestone. Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding water to the shell powder, yellow soil powder and red clay and then drying, pulverizing the dried mixture to a particle size of 50-200, sieving the mixture using a screen having 50-100 meshes, and removing the foreign substance from the mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electrolysis unit is designed to generate the hydrogen gas from a supply of steam. A first electrical generator is driven by the gas turbine system. The first electrical generator is designed to supply an electrical power to the electrolysis unit. The system comprises: a heat recovery steam generator (18) designed to recover heat from an exhaust output by the gas turbine system, which generates the steam with the recovered heat, and supplies the steam to the electrolysis unit; a steam turbine system (16) coupled to the heat recovery steam generator; a second electrical generator driven by the steam turbine system; and a storage container configured to store the hydrogen gas produced by the electrolysis unit which is used by the gas turbine system. The second electrical generator is designed to supply an electrical power to the electrolysis unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The addition amount of the oxidizing agent is 1-20 times the theoretical amount required in order to oxidatively degrade organic substance completely. The method further involves processing excess oxidizing agent with a reducing agent, after the degradation process. Preferred Components: The sulfur type oxidizing agent is at least one chosen from peroxodisulfuric acid, sodium peroxodisulfate, potassium peroxodisulfate, and ammonium peroxodisulfate, preferably sodium peroxodisulfate. The reducing agent is activated carbon and/or sulfur type reducing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (b) comprises carbon dioxide, nitrogen and/or hydrogen sulfide when not included in component (a). The synthesis mixture further has ratio of silica and alumina of 1-2500, water and silica of 5-200, hydroxide ion and silica of 0-2, and methyltropinium cation and silica of 0.01-2. Methyltropinium salt is preferably methyltropinium iodide or chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (a) comprises methane and optionally hydrogen sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing gas (RG) is hydrogen. The oxidizing gas (OG) is water vapor. The metal contained in the fuel electrode of solid-oxide fuel cell portion is nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Form: The pulse electric current has U-shaped form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises standing filtrate overnight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The flash bacillus genus (Allochromatium) is lactobacillus acidophilus flash salt (Lamprobacter modestohalophilus). The flash sac genus (Lamprocystis) is pink flash cellulosum (Lamprocystis roseopersicina). The halophilic red pylori genus (Halorhodospira) is halophilic rhodospirillum (Halorhodospira halophile). The coloring bacterial genus (Chromatium) is austenitic coloring bacteria (Chromatium okenii) or wine color coloring bacteria (Chromatium vino sum). The hair nitration bacillus genus (Nitrosomonas) is european nitrosation crude bacillus (Nitrosomonas europaea). The nitrate bacteria genus (Nitrobacter) is vickers nitric acid bacteria (Nitrobacter winogradskyi) or active denitration acid bacteria (Nitrobacter agilis). The mesh sulfur bacterial genus (Thiodictyon) is desulfurization bacteria (Thiodictyon elegans).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: In method, concentration of sludge is 6 wt.%. The biological enzyme complex integrated biological treatment stage is carried out at 20-35 degrees C for 18-30 hours, or 20-40 degrees C, and pH of 6.5-7.5 for 18-30 hours (3 mg/l dissolved oxygen, sludge reflux ratio of 0.8, and sludge age of 15 days). The method involves culturing microorganisms in culture medium, contacting the culture with the above-mentioned complex and sewage (microorganisms grow rapidly, and break down antibiotics and organic matter in sewage into carbon dioxide (chemical oxygen demand degradation rate of 30-96%)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The livestock and poultry manure is wild chicken manure. The organic material comprises 8-12 pts. rice bran, 1-4 pts. turfy soil, 4-7 pts. corn and 2-5 pts. wheat straw. The biological isolates are biological enzyme. For cultivation of vegetables, and fruit trees (initially digging soil, fertilizing soil (80-150 kg/acre), and watering soil (to obtain excellent effect)). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ammonium sulfate has sulfur content of 6 wt.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fermentation agent is chosen from silicate bacteria, brown spherical shaped nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Actinomycetes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The garbage is domestic garbage, garbage plastics, cloth and leather. Preferred Process: The garbage is dried in drying device, and supplied into pyrolysis unit (p1). The gaseous component (G1) is supplied into absorber (A1), and acidic component is reacted with alkaline reactant in absorber. Preferred Components: The system further has heat exchanger having air inlet, fuel gas export and import unit. The air outlet is connected with pyrolysis unit (p1) and/or pyrolysis unit (p2). Theoutlet of combustion chamber is connected with drying device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methanol gasoline further comprises 2.5 pts. multiple effect detergent dispersant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: After desulfurization and decarbonization, the synthesis gas contains 18-22% (v/v) carbon monoxide, 65-70% (v/v) hydrogen, and 8-10% (v/v) methane. A nickel methanation catalyst is supported on alumina and/or magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The macroelements include 8-15 pts. wt. ammonium salt, 10-15 pts. wt. potash fertilizer and 8-10 pts. wt. organic fertilizer. The trace element comprises 10-25 pts. wt. magnesium, 25-40 pts. wt. iron, 20-35 pts. wt. copper, 3-5 pts. wt. zinc, 1-3 pts. wt. manganese, and 2-3 pts. wt. boric acid. The ammonium salt is mixture of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride in a ratio of 3:2.5:1. Preferred Method: The method involves preparing the granule of the rotten dairy manure by piling fresh dairy manure with width of 2-3 m, and length of 5-8 m, and uniformly scattering the layer of cow manure, covering the piled manure with plastic thin film, performing heating at room temperature for 40 hours, 50-70 degrees C for 3-5 days, and 80-90 degrees C for 20 days, until the manure is completely deodorized, sterilizing the manure and separating the cow dung, adding the fresh excrement to the stack, and spreading rotten cattle manure, and drying, and crushing the obtained product with particle size of 2-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 4-8 wt.% humic acid, 24-28 wt.% nitrogen-potassium phosphate, and 12-20 wt.% nitrogen. The fertilizer further comprises 1-3 wt.% copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, and boron fertilizer. The pesticide comprises 0.5-1 wt.% avermectin and 1-1.5 wt.% apple special pesticide. The apple special pesticide is mancozeb, 1,2-bis(3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)benzene, inorganic copper fungicide, 1-N-butylamino-formyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate, triadimefon, polyoxins, cyhalothrin, or O,O-dimethyl-O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)ester. The fertilizer comprises 10 wt.% photosynthetic bacteria liquid, 6 wt.% cephalosporin bacteria, 4 wt.% yeast, 6 wt.% humic acid, 25 wt.% nitrogen, potassium, and potassium fertilizer, 15 wt.% nitrogen, 2 wt.% copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and/or boron fertilizer, 1 wt.% avermectin, 1 wt.% mancozeb, 3.3 wt.% release agent, and balance water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial flora comprises 8-12 wt.% photosynthetic bacteria, 5-7 wt.% cephalosporin bacteria, and 3-5 wt.% yeast.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The release agent is organic release agent, preferably N-acyl sarcosinate, N-acyl glutamate, N-acyl glutamate ester, N-alkyl aspartate- beta -alkyl ester. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is administered by foliar spraying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer is prepared using 1.2-1.8 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% microbial flora, 25-35 wt.%, preferably 30 wt.% fertilizer, 0.7-1.3 wt.%, preferably 1 wt.% plant growth regulator, 0.9-1.1 wt.%, preferably 1 wt.% pesticide, 1.2-1.8 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% release agent and remainder water. Preferred Components: The microbial flora is chosen from 0.5-1 wt.% bacteria, preferably cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative Bacillus and 0.5-1 wt.% yeast. The fertilizer is chosen from humic acid, nitrogen, preferably urea, phosphate, preferably phosphoric acid and monoammonium phosphate, potash, preferably potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate and amino acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (A) comprises preparing hyperbranched intermediate (III), and preparing hyperbranched macromolecular guanidine salt (A). Preferred Method: The preparation method of (A) comprises either adding 1 part (III), 0-15 part diamine (NH2-L1-NH2) and 3-15 part guanidine hydrochloride or dicyandiamide into a reaction system, stirring and melting for 1-4 hours at 60-120 degrees C, raising temperature to 130-180 degrees C, stirring and reacting for 1-10 hours, and cooling to obtain water soluble product, or (i) adding 3-15 part diamine and 3-15 part guanidine hydrochloride or dicyandiamide into a reaction system, stirring and melting for 1-4 hours at 60-120 degrees C (preferably 80-100 degrees C for 1-2 hours), raising temperature to 130-180 degrees C, stirring and reacting for 1-10 hours (preferably 130-160 degrees C for 2-8 hours), and (ii) adding (III) into the reaction system, reacting continously for 1-4 hours at 140-180 degrees C (preferably 150-160 degrees C for 2-3 hours), and cooling to obtain water soluble product. (III) is prepared by refluxing 1 part trimethyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate and 3-15 part diamine in an organic solvent and reacting for 8-24 hours, and removing the organic solvent and excess of diamine. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol and/or ethanol. The feed ratio between diamine and guanidine hydrochloride or dicyandiamide is 1-1.5:1, preferably 1-1.1:1. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic phosphorus compound is pyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, polyphosphoric acid, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium metaphosphate or potassium polyphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizer is mixture of organic phosphonic compound or inorganic phosphorus compound. Surfactant is anionic surfactant. Water is deionized or distilled water. The mixed disinfectant pH is less than or equal to 5, preferably less than or equal to 3. Organic phosphonic compound is ethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid), etidronic acid, amino trimethylene phosphonic acids, hydroxy toluene diphosphonic acid, diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene-phosphonic acid) or dimethyl amino methane diphosphonic acid. Surfactant is sulfuric acid or sulfonic acid surfactant. Sulfuric acid or sulfonic acid surfactant is sodium 1-octanesulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl toluene, dodecyl xylene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate or hexadecyl benzene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The preparation comprises 0.2-0.9 weight/weight% B.subtilis, 0.2-0.9 weight/weight% S.cerevisiae, and 0.2-0.9 weight/weight% Lactobacillus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The medicinal composition further comprises blocker, preferably hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. The medicinal composition comprises 15-35 wt.% dasatinib, 30-70 wt.% filling agent, 1-10 wt.% disintegrating agent, 3-15 wt.% binder, 1-5 wt.% adhesive and 0.5-5 wt.% lubricant. The filling agent comprises lactose and microcrystalline cellulose in a weight ratio of (1-1.5):(1-1.5). The medicinal composition comprises 20-30 wt.%, preferably 25 wt.% dasatinib, 15-35 wt.%, preferably 29.5 wt.% lactose, 15-35 wt.%, preferably 29.25 wt.% microcrystalline cellulose, 3-6 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5-10 wt.%, preferably 7.5 wt.% hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, 1.5-3 wt.%, preferably 3 wt.% hydroxypropyl cellulose and 0.5-1.5 wt.%, preferably 1 wt.% stearic acid. Preferred Components: The filling agent is chosen from lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, D-sorbitol, calcium hydrogen phosphate, pregelatinized starch, and starch, preferably lactose and microcrystalline cellulose. The disintegrating agent is chosen from crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl starch, crospovidone and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, preferably crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose. The binder is hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or povidone, preferably hydroxypropyl cellulose. The lubricant is magnesium stearate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aprotic polar solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. The dehydrating agent is acetic anhydride. The catalyst is triethylamine or pyridine. The alcohol is methanol or ethanol. The diamine monomer is 9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine. The molar ratio of diamine monomer and dianhydride monomer is 1:1. The molar ratio of dehydrating agent and diamine monomer is 5:1. The molar ratio of catalyst and dehydrating agent, and diamine monomer is 5:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): A dianhydride monomer and diamine monomer are added in an aprotic polar solvent at 0-50 degrees C for 2-24 hours to obtain polyamic acid solution having solid content of 10-25%, obtained reaction product is precipitated using acetic anhydride as dehydrating agent and tertiary amine as catalyst for chemical imidization, in alcoholic medium, filtration is performed under vacuum, and dried at 100-250 degrees C. The dianhydride monomer is 2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxy phenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride. The diamine monomer contains 0-100 mol% 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylene diamine and/or 0-100 mol% 2,7-diamino-fluorene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: An absorption and regeneration electric heater (3) is set outside the cryogenic adsorber. The cryogenic adsorber and the pre-cooling disk tube are soaked in the liquid nitrogen. The cryogenic adsorber is filled with activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Compositions: Strain inoculating ratio is 1-5:1-5. Ratio of conditioning agent and activated sludge is 1:100-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Dried gas is sent to combustion boiler to produce steam. Preferred Composition: The evaporator comprises conveyor belt, water vapor transmission pipelines, housing, condensing plate and inner boiler. The filter device comprises rack, flip barrel, motor-driven rotating cylinder, lift frame holder and stirrer. The gas-water separation device comprises sealed box, gas inlet, gas outlet, channel, drape and drain valve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The dry manure residue comprises 55-65 wt.% stool, 25-35 wt.% clay powder, and 5-15 wt.% sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fermentation process is carried out by taking synthetic medium or food waste as fermentation medium of Rhodotorula glutinis, inoculating 5-15%, and fermenting at 25-35 degrees C for 18-48 hours, where pH is 5-6 and aeration rate is 0.2-1.0 vvm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer has dosage amount of 150-450 kg per 1 hectare land (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The first step further comprises removing impurities in cracking kettle algae slag, flat drying, and crushing. The second step is carried out by stirring cracking kettle algae slag and functional bacteria strain, regulating pH value to 6.8-7.2, discharging foreign color, fermenting at 22-26 degrees C for 10-15 days, and adjusting carbon/nitrogen ratio at 25:1-40:1, where water content is 50-60% and ventilation quantity is 0.3-0.5 m3/(minute.m3). The fermentation process in second step is carried out by aerating with oxygen, stirring, and controlling temperature at not greater than 55 degrees C. The adjustment of carbon/nitrogen ratio is carried out by adding urea or waste activated carbon in water or directly dry spreading to adjust water content. The third step is carried out by granulating, controlling particle diameter to less than 4.0 mm, drying to reduce moisture to 15-20%, screening, naturally cooling, and sieving, where mesh sieve aperture is 2.0-4.0 mm. Preferred Components: The ratio of cracking kettle algae slag to functional bacteria strain is 1 ton:10-20 kg. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of EM bacteria to earthworm slurry is 1:200-1000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fermentation process in second step is carried out at 5-35 degrees C for 20-30 hours. The fermentation process in fourth step is carried out at 5-35 degrees C for 20-30 hours. Preferred Components: The fourth step raw materials comprise 5-10 pts. wt. earthworm liquid, 0.3-1.2 pts. wt. yellow humic acid, 1-2 pts. wt. amino acid, 3-5 pts. wt. sugar, 0.3-1.5 pts. wt. fermenting base, 1-3 pts. wt. urea, and 3-10 pts. wt. bran material. The fermenting base is HM fermentation medium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The high-concentration fertilizer is prepared by neutralizing slurry with 22 wt.% phosphoric acid through concentrating system to obtain concentrated ammonium phosphate slurry having 25-28 wt.% water content, feeding into tubular granulator, mixing with concentrated sulfuric acid and exhaust gas washing liquid, adding ammonia gas to carry out secondary neutralization to obtain 18-20% moisture-containing monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate mixed slurry, and recovering exhaust gas washing liquid and diluted phosphoric acid; and feeding mixed slurry into nozzle spray, and spraying into granulation bed with urea and potassium chloride to carry out hot-melt granulation; drying, cooling, sieving to obtain fertilizer while returning large particles to granulation bed. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The bio-fungus liquid is prepared by mixing Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and microzyme, and stirring solution until completely fermented. Preferred Method: The fermentation in the fourth step is aerobic fermentation which is performed at room temperature of 22-25 degrees C for 3-4 days, or 18-20 degrees C for 6-8 days or heated to 22-25 degrees C when room temperature is lower than 18 degrees C. The fourth step includes prefermenting by stirring every 20 minutes within 24 hours, and stirring every 1-3 hours after. The method includes storing product at room temperature in the dark with heat protection.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace elements comprise phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, and sodium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is administered at a dosage of 3-5 kg/mu in greenhouse and at a dosage of 1-3 kg/mu on the field.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of organic fertilizer, urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride is 7:1:1:1. The biogas residue having moisture content of 80-90% is 10-20 wt.% nutrients, 36-49 wt.% organic nutrients, 10.1-24.6 wt.% humic acid, 5 wt.% crude protein, 0.4-0.6 wt.% nitrogen, 0.6-1.2 wt.% potassium, and balance mineral nutrients. Preferred Components: The leavening agent having moisture content of 5-10% is bran, sawdust, straw, or agricultural waste. The organic matter content, moisture content, pH value and effective viable count of biological organic fertilizer is greater than or equal to 50%, 10-20, 5.5-8.5 and greater than or equal to 25 million/g, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The composite microbial agent is Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptomyces, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of fermentation catalyst comprises vermicompost, maifanite and rhamnolipid is 10-45:20-65:1. The weight ratio of agricultural and forestry wastes, and fermentation microbial agent is 100:0.1-1. Preferred Method: The method further involves adjusting carbon-to-nitrogen ratio to 20-35 and water content to 60-70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The glycosyl-modified polyphenol compound (I) or (II) is prepared by reacting aldose or ketose, and polyphenol. Preferred Process: 0.9-2.7 g Aldose or ketose, and 0.4-7.5 g polyphenol are added into 0-100 mL reaction solvent, stirred at 78-150 degrees C for 4-72 hours, glycosyl-modified polyphenol compound is separated and purified. Preferred Composition: The aldose is D-allose, D-altrose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-gulose, D-idose, D-galactose, D-talose, D-ribose, D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-erythrose, D-lyxose, D-glyceraldehyde, (+)-maltose, (+)-cellobiose or (+)-lactose. The ketose is fructose. The polyphenol is resorcinol, pyrogallic acid, 3-methoxyphenol, 3-ethoxyphenol, 3-fluorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 3-methylphenol, 3-ethylphenol or 3-acetaminophen. The reaction solvent is ethanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and/or water. ACTIVITY - Antiapoptotic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The olefin is of formula (I). The amine derivative is of formula (II). The aldehyde is of formula: R4CHO (III). The amine derivative is of formula (IV). The metal catalyst is palladium chloride, palladium, palladium iodide, palladium acetate, palladium fluoride, palladium trifluoroacetate, palladium tetrafluoroborate, palladium trifluoromethanesulfonate, palladium hexafluoroantimonate, nickel chloride, nickel bromide, nickel acetate, nickel trifluoroacetate, nickel tetrafluoroborate, nickel trifluoromethanesulfonate and nickel hexafluoroantimonate. The dosage of metal catalyst is 0.1-20% of amount of amine or amine derivative. The phosphine ligand is chosen from ( plus minus )-2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl, ( plus minus )-2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-6,6'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether, 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethyl-xanthene, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and triphenylphosphine. The content of phosphine ligand is 0.1-40% of amine or amine derivative. The organic solvent is chosen from dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.R1=H, 1-40C aliphatic group, 4-60C aromatic group, ester group, aldehyde group or carbonyl group;R2,R3=H, 1-40C aliphatic group, 4-60C aromatic group or cyclic amine;andR4=H, 1-40C aliphatic group or 4-60 aromatic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The L-proline, solvent, acid binding agent and acetyl chloride weight ratio is 1:2-10:1-5:1-3. Intermediate I, solvent, condensing agent and ammonia solution weight ratio is 1:2-5:1-10:1-15. Intermediate II, solvent and dehydrating agent weight ratio is 1:2-10:1-5. Solvent is toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methanol or ethanol. Acid binding agent is triethylamine, diisopropylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethylethylamine, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Condensing agent is thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, O-benzotriazole-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-uronium-hexafluorophosphate, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Ammonia solution is tetrahydrofuran of ammonia, ethyl acetate solution of ammonia, ammonia of alcohol solution, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or ammonium phosphate. Dehydrating agent is phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride or acetic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Fructosyl biomass is inulin, Jerusalem artichoke powder, sucrose, starch or beet tubers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrogenation catalyst is Raney nickel or supported group-VIII transition metal catalyst. The supported catalyst composition comprises a carrier and an active ingredient. The carrier is activated carbon, alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, titania or aluminosilicate zeolite, preferably activated carbon. The active component is nickel, iridium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and/or copper. The supported amount of supported catalyst active ingredient is 0.1-20%, preferably 1-5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid is single ionic liquid or mixture of ionic liquids. The ionic liquid comprises cation and anion. Cation is imidazolium cation or pyridinium cation. The anion is chloride, bromide, iodide, hydrogen sulfate anion, acetate anion, monomethyl sulfate anion, ethyl sulfate anion, anion of trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anion, trifluoromethyl thioamide anion and/or pentafluoroethyl sulfamide anion, preferably chloride, bromide, or hydrogen sulfate anion. The imidazole cation is 1,3-dimethyl imidazolium cation, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazole cation, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium cation or 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium cation. The ratio of substrate material fructose and ionic liquid is 1:10-5:1. During hydrogenation reaction, the volume ratio of water and ionic liquid is 100:1-1:10. The ratio of substrate material fructose and hydrogenation catalyst is 2:1-100:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is xylene, cycloheptane or pentamethylbenzene. Ketone is acetone, acetophenone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isopropyl ketone, isophorone, isopropylidene acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone and/or 3-pentanone. Preferred Composition: Molar equivalent of thiophene derivative (II) is 1 eq. Molar equivalent of N-methylpiperazine is 8-12 eq. Added amount of water is 5-40 ml. Preferred Method: Reaction between thiophene derivative (II) with solvent and N- methylpiperazine is carried out for 10-20 hours. The method further comprises carrying out distillation process, collecting distillate, adding 1 eq. thiophene derivative (II) and 0.5-4.0 eq. N-methylpiperazine, heating at 120 degrees C, mixing crude olanzapine with ketone, adding water and cooling to - 10-20 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass raw material is straw, rice hull, bagasse, corn cob, giant reed, microalgae, coconut shell or wood chip.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The cold medium temperature of condenser is -5 to 10 degrees C. The outer surface of the screw feeder is provided with a cooling water jacket.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is FH-UDS, nickel/ gamma -aluminum oxide catalyst, nickel/palladium/ gamma -aluminum oxide catalyst, and/or nickel/palladium/aluminum/MCM-41 catalyst. FH-UDS catalyst contains 8.5-11 wt.% molybdenum trioxide, 13-16 wt.% tungsten trioxide, 1.8-2.8 wt.% nickel(II) oxide, 2.3-3.3 wt.% cobalt(II) oxide, and balance gamma -aluminum oxide. Nickel/ gamma -aluminum oxide catalyst contains 1-5 wt.% nickel. Nickel/palladium/ gamma -aluminum oxide catalyst contains 0.5-3.5 wt.% nickel and 0.2-0.5 wt.% palladium. Nickel/palladium/aluminum/MCM-41 catalyst contains silicon:aluminum:palladium:nickel:cetyl alcohol:water with molar ratio of 1:0.06:0.005:0.1:0.2:64. Dehydrating agent is anhydrous calcium chloride or molecular sieve.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Drying temperature is 100-110 degrees C. Particle size of lees powder is 300-500 mu m. Pyrolysis temperature is 500 degrees C. Preferred Processes: Usage of lees includes passing pyrolysis gas in alkaline solution to obtain residual gas, and adding remaining gas, drying agent to obtain combustible gas, recycling pyrolysis residue to obtain metal component and remaining residue, purifying remaining residue using activated carbon, and combusting with silica. Preferred Components: Pyrolysis residue is activated carbon, catalyst, or carrier. Chemical raw material contains furan formaldehyde, furanmethanol, 3-methyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one, phenol, maltol, dodecane, isosorbide, D-mannitol, and 3- hydroxypyridine or 4-hydroxypyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The Bacillus T-5 strain is capable of growing and proliferating using triethylamine as carbon and nitrogen source. Preferred Method: The industrial wastewater comprises less than 4000 mg/l triethylamine, preferably less than 2000 mg/l triethylamine. The bioaugmentation treatment involves adding the T-5 strain to an activated sludge system once every two days continuously for two months. The activated sludge system is cyclic activated sludge system (CASS) or sequential batch reactor (SBR) system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: Aerobic denitrification bacteria is gram-negative bacteria and lysogeny broth (LB) solid culture medium is pale yellow. Preferred Compositions: Adding amount of aerobic denitrification bacteria liquid in reactor is 3-10 vol.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Nitrogen source is nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The bacterial colony is yellow in color in LB culture medium and tidy at edge, and has smooth surface and flagellum, where when observed in low transmission electron microscope observation, cell shape is observed. The strain is gram-negative and movable, and does not produce spore. The strain degrades quinclorac present in soil or water, at 25-35 degrees C, preferably 35 degrees C under pH of 6-8 lower, preferably pH more than 7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of laccase in the solution is preferably 0.2-8 mg/mL, more preferably 0.8-2 mg/mL.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The source of hydrogen ion is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and/or nitric acid. The concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution is preferably 0.001-0.8 mM, more preferably 0.05-0.1 mM.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organosilane is chosen from tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, trimethoxysilane, (3-mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane, chloropropyl triethoxysilane, 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyl trimethoxysilane, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and/or vinyltrimethoxysilane. The concentration of organosilane in the solution is preferably 0.02-0.8 mM, more preferably 0.1-0.3 mM.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active molecule is chosen from polymethacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyetherimide or their copolymers. The fiber is chosen from polystyrene fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyetherimide fiber, nylon fiber, cellulose fiber and/or silk protein fiber. The content of fiber soaked in a solution containing 0.01-1 mM organosilane, 0.1-10 mg/mL laccase and 0.001-1 mM hydrogen ion is 0.05-5 mg fiber/mL solution, more preferably 0.3-0.6 mg fiber/mL solution, during manufacture of immobilized laccase. Preferred Property: The fiber has a diameter of 50 nm to 50 mu m. The silicon oxide layer has thickness of 10 nm to 10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Wood cellulose is selected from corn straw, wheat straw, rice, cotton stalk, sweet sorghum stalk, waste paper, switch grass or Jatropha. Enzyme is selected from cellulase, cellobiase fiber, xylanase, esterase or pectinase. Preferred Condition: Wood cellulose is processed by rough grinding, cutting, grinding, crushing and shredding. Dust is removed by manual water washing, water washing or machinery vibration dust removing. Preprocessing involves machinery crushing, high temperature heat decomposition, acid treatment, alkali treatment, organic solvent treatment, steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion, liquid hot water or biodegradable preprocessing method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The enzymolysis is carried out at 45 degrees C, and initial pH of 6, and 150 revolutions per minute, for 4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Lignocellulose is selected from corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, cotton stalk, sweet sorghum stalks, sawdust, waste paper or Jatrophaseed shells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The biomass of lignocellulose material is corn straw, wheat straw, wood powder, eucalyptus powder, silver grass powder, seaweed and/or green algae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid is of formula: A+B'-. The solvent is water, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, glycerol and/or dioxane.A+=cation chosen from 12 cations e.g. cations of formulae (a)-(e);n,m=1-4;R1,R3-R5=1-4C alkyl;R2=H or methyl;R6-R8=1-4C alkyl or phenyl;andB'-=Cl-, Br-, I-, BF4-, PF6-, CF3SO3- or -N(CF3SO3)2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diclofenac substance is diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium. The extracting solvent is aprotic solvent and organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl formamide. The information description data is paper file, magnetic medium, optical disk, floppy disk and publication.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The waste material comprises a source separated organic waste and municipal solid waste. Preferred Process: During hydrothermal treating, the overs are mechanically mixed in an autoclave. The method further involves sorting the waste material to remove non-organic material before screening the organic waste material, sorting the overs after screening the waste material, screening the partially hydrolyzed biomass to produce unders and overs, and anaerobically digesting the unders of the waste material and the partially hydrolyzed biomass, and anaerobically digesting unders of the partially hydrolyzed biomass, sorting the overs of the partially hydrolyzed biomass, hydrothermally treating the overs of the waste material comprising recovered volatile organic compounds, and anaerobically digesting the recovered volatile organic compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Swelling agent is fatty acid, triglyceride, glycerol or glycol. Amount of added oil is 3-20 wt.%. Oil contains greater than or equal to 20 wt.% unsaturated fatty acid compounds. Amount of added brittle carbon source which is thermally degraded biomass is 0-60 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Pressure is greater than or equal to 52 psig. Swelling agent has boiling point of greater than or equal to 100 degrees C. Acid catalyst has boiling point of less than or equal to 200 degrees C. Surface temperature of pellets is greater than or equal to 95 degrees C. Preferred Process: Swelling agent for lignin with amount of greater than or equal to 8 wt.% is added to biomass material during steam treatment. Swelling is added prior to injecting steam. Reactor is evacuated before injecting the steam such that total free oxygen content of gas in reactor is 3-10 vol.%. Acid catalyst with amount of 0-5 wt.% is added to biomass material prior to injecting the steam. Pellets formed from treated material are washed and dried to less than or equal to 10 wt.% moisture. Treated material is compressed in molding or extrusion process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The oxygen-enriched air comprises at least 80 volume/volume% or 95 volume/volume% oxygen. The organic component has particle size of 2-5 cm or 3-5 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the depleted gas is 3.5-10 kPa. In the process, at least the last bioreactor in gas flow sequence is characterized as having a substantially uniform aqueous menstruum and a substantially non-uniform substrate concentration. The gas substrate is: generated reforming a carbonaceous feedstock; and generated by at least one of the gasification or partial oxidation. The reforming step comprises: autothermal reforming and the operation of the autothermal reforming provides a syngas having an electron to carbon ratio of 5.7:1-6.0:1; and steam reforming and the cumulative gas substrate has an electron to carbon atom ratio of 5.8:1-6.4:1. The steam reforming provides a reformate having an electron to carbon ratio of greater than 8:1, and carbon dioxide is added to bioreactor assembly to provide a cumulative gas substrate having an electron to carbon atom ratio of 5.8:1-6.4:1. In step (a), sufficient duration of contact of the gas bubbles with the aqueous menstruum in the reactor assembly is provided. In step (b), the electron to carbon ratio is maintained at 5.5:1-6.8:1. In step (c), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the depleted gas phase is 3.5-10 kPa. Preferred Components: The ratio of electrons to carbon in the gas substrate is 5.5:1-6.5:1. The gas substrate comprises syngas from a steam reformer. The carbon monoxide is present in an amount of 80 mole%. The gas substrate is present in an amount of at least 80 mole%, such that the energy efficiency based on feedstock to the steam reformer as feed stock and fuel is at least 60% (preferably at least 65%). The energy efficiency based on carbon fed to the autothermal reformer is at least 65%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bioreactor assembly comprises: at least two bioreactors in gas flow sequence; and a deep tank bioreactor, which is a bubble column bioreactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method, the gases is coke oven gas or syngas from steam reforming of hydrocarbonaceous gas. At least one other gas is selected from steel mill gas, syngas from gasification of carbonaceous material, syngas from partial oxidation of carbonaceous material, and synthesis gas from autothermal reforming of carbonaceous material. At least two syngases are used to provide the overall gas substrate. The syngases are derived in parallel or sequentially. The syngas from steam reforming is passed to a partial oxidation having hydrocarbonaceous feed to provide an adjusted electron to carbon ratio. The alcohol is derived from a fermentation having a conversion of at least 85 mole% of hydrogen and carbon oxides. The bioreactor assembly comprises at least one of bubble column bioreactor; jet loop bioreactor; stirred tank bioreactor; trickle bed bioreactors; biofilm bioreactor; moving bed bioreactor; membrane bioreactor and static mixer bioreactor. Preferred Components: The other gas comprises at least 40 mole% carbon dioxide. The other gas comprises biogas, landfill gas or anaerobic digester gas. The overall gas substrate has a ratio of elections to carbon atoms in the range of 5.5:1 to 6.5:1. The alcohol comprises ethanol or butanol. The gases is high hydrogen content gas having electron to carbon ratio of at least 6:1, and at least one other gas is high carbon oxides content gas having electron to carbon ratio of 0:1 to 5:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The enzymatic composition further comprises an additional endoglucanase (EG) comprising EGI, EGII, EGIII, EGIV, and EGV endoglucanase. Preferred Components: The EGVI polypeptide is from Trichoderma reesei and the BG and the CBH is from a species other than Trichoderma reesei. The BG is BG1 and BG2 endoglucanase. The EGVI is from Trichoderma reesei and the additional EG is from a species other than Trichoderma reesei. The additional EG is an EGIV endoglucanase. The endoglucanase is CBHI and CBHII cellobiohydrolase. The enzymatic composition is a fermentation culture derived from a recombinant host cell. The recombinant host cell is a filamentous fungi including Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii, Penicillium species, Humicola species , Aspergillus species, Chrysosporium species, Fusarium species, Hypocrea species and Emericella species or yeast cell. Preferred Method: The method further comprises pre-treating the biomass composition prior to the contacting step. The pre-treating comprises contacting the biomass composition with dilute acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The colonizing entity comprises a fungus, an ascomycete, and/or a bacterium. The colonizing entity comprises at least one mold. The carbohydrate conversion source comprises yeast, fungus, or bacterium. The cellulosic material is not generally considered a food source. The cellulosic material comprises a food waste product. Preferred Method: The incubating step further includes incubating the biofuel-precursor under at least one environmental optimum condition including increased humidity level, decreased humidity level, atmospheric pressure, reduced pressure, increased pressure, oxygen level, pH level, and/or degree of agitation. The process includes providing a phosphorus source, and/or a nitrogen source with the colonizing entity, the cellulosic material and the carbohydrate conversion source to form a biofuel-precursor. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The Clostridium sp. is cultured in the culture vessel at a temperature of 32-45 degrees C, preferably 32-38 degrees C or 33-36 degrees C. The initial pH of the culture medium is pH 5.3-8.8, preferably 5.5-6.2. The process is a batch process, fed-batch process, a continuous process or a perfusion process. One or more amylases and/or glucoamylases are added to the culture medium. The step (i) comprises inoculating and/or growing Clostridium sp. in the culture medium, in the culture vessel under aerobic conditions or conditions which are not oxygen-free. Preferred Components: The CGTase has at least 90% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1 (a 673 amino acid sequence fully defined in the specification) or SEQ ID NO: 3 (a 668 amino acid sequence fully defined in the specification). The polysacchande is a starch-based substrate, preferably starch, amylopectin, amylose, glycogen or its derivative. The starch-based substrate is corn, corn starch, corn mash, potato, potato starch, potato mash, potato peeling, potato chips, cassava, cassava starch, cassava chips, sago, sago starch or soluble starch. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The piezoelectric element is made of ceramic such as lithium niobate, potassium niobate, lead zirconate titanate, barium titanate, langasite, and quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive layer is made of gold, platinum, titanium, chromium, aluminum, nickel, nickel alloy and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conductive layer is also made of indium tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide and indium zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive layer is also made of polypyrrole, polyaniline and polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phenoxy phosphazene compound is phenoxy phosphazene compound of cyclic or chain shape. The cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound is of formula (I). The chain-shaped phenoxy phosphazene compound is of formula: Y'-(P(-X)2=N)b-Z (II).X,Y'=phenoxy;a=3-20;Z=-P(=O)(OPh)2, -S(=O)2(OPh), or -P(OPh)4;andb=2-19.Preferred Process: The contact process involves adding phenoxy phosphazene compound in aqueous medium after polymerization such that conversion ratio of monomer is 85 %mass, polymerizing styrene-based monomer, making seed particles containing styrene resin, or absorbing phenoxy phosphazene compound by styrene resin particles at the time of suspension polymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological starting material comprises lignin. The activator comprises greater than 1 million per milliliter thermophilic microbes which are activated at activatable temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises a device for contacting the starting material with the activator, a mixing device for the starting materials, a dosing device for dosed addition of the activator, a mixing device for mixing the starting material from different solid-, pasty- or liquid starting materials, a heating device which is heated by chemical energy, reaction heat, electromagnetic energy or radiation, and a device for heat recovery. The device for thermal activation comprises a heat exchanger or a heating device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound is stabilized by sodium hydroxide. The compound comprises sodium salt of dithionic acid or sodium salt of polythionic acid. The carrier material exhibits a specific surface area of 200-1300 m2/g, preferably 400-1000 m2/g. The carrier material comprises activated carbon. The adsorbent comprises 0.05-70 wt.%, preferably 0.1-40 wt.% the compound. The solution comprises 1-70 wt.%, preferably 2-40 wt.% the compound. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Component: The cloquintocet-mexyl and the difenoconazole are applied in a ratio of 1:50 to 50:1. The plant or the plant propagation material is a cereal plant or cereal plant propagation material. The cereal is wheat. ACTIVITY - Antidote. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration is by spraying. No dosage details given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The housing of the evaporator device is cylindrical, and has a feed line on one side, preferably at the center for the fuel and gas outlet on the opposite side, for the feed gas, preferably anode exhaust gas and vaporized fuel. The housing of the evaporator device has a tangentially open gas inlet for the anode exhaust gas. The evaporator fleece is a sheet, preferably disc-shaped fleece, and at least partially or completely comprises a metal or a ceramic component. The housing has cylindrical design, and is made of thin-walled components, preferably made of sheet metal parts, where the top surface of the housing is formed in the region of the evaporator fleece through the wall of the exhaust chamber. The evaporator device of the evaporator fleece (23) is associated with the heating element, preferably an electrically heated heating element, preferably an electrically heatable glow plug or an electric heating coil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) further comprises Lactobacillus paracasei tolerans, strain LC3200, (PTA-6135); and pre-ensiled plant material. The ferulate esterase producing bacterial strain comprises Lactobacillus plantarum, strain LP3779, (PTA-6137); or Lactobacillus buchneri, strain LN4017, (PTA-6138) and/or Lactobacillus plantarum, strain LP7109, (PTA-6139) (preferably Lactobacillus plantarum, strain LP7109, (PTA-6139)). The composition comprises 101 to 1010 (preferably 102 to 107, especially 103 to 106) viable organisms of Lactobacillus paracasei tolerans, strain LC3200 per gram of a pre-ensiled plant material; and 101 to 1010 (preferably 102 to 107, especially 103 to 106) viable organisms of Lactobacillus plantarum, strain LP7109, (PTA-6139), or Lactobacillus plantarum, strain LP3779, (PTA-6137), or Lactobacillus buchneri, strain LN4017, (PTA-6138) per gram of a pre-ensiled plant material. EXAMPLE - An effect of silage additives on nutrient digestibility in lambs was tested as follows: Whole plant corn forage (WPCF) was harvested with a John Deere brand 3950 forage chopper. An inoculant treatment Lactobacillus buchneri 4017 (LN4017) was grown and harvested. The inoculant treatment was applied and mixed into the forage as a conveyor belt dropped the forage into the silos. The treatment was applied in the soluble form to supply 105 colony forming units/gram (cfu/g) of forage for inoculant treatment. The digestion study was conducted with feeder lambs averaging in weight of approximately 50-70 lb. The test diet fed to lambs consisted of 90% whole plant corn silage (WPCS) and 10% supplement (42% protein soybean meal) on a dry matter (DM) basis, and was fed twice daily. The results showed that the LN4017 increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility by 4.3 percentage points (or 8.7%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility by 6.3% points (or 13%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: When the oil contains 20-100%, preferably 80-900% free fatty acids, the production of oil involves reacting 20-100% free fatty acids oil with glycerin at high temperature and low pressure to produce a stream of oil having 20% or less free fatty acids, purifying resultant stream by steam distillation at high temperature and low pressure to strip remaining free fatty acids, recovering the stripped free fatty acids through condensation, and feeding the recovered free fatty acids back to reaction step with glycerin. The free fatty acid oil is stripped by injecting steam at elevated temperature and reduced pressure. Preferred Conditions: The reaction of oil and glycerin is carried out at elevated temperature and reduced pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler layer is formed using a non-conductive material including aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: In the system, each module can further be divided into submodules, where submodules are assembled to fabricate a module. The photon energy is obtained from submerged LED. The renewable energy source is a geothermal energy, a solar thermal energy, a photovoltaic energy, an external waste heat, a heat of internal reactions or combinations. The nutrient is selected from a geothermal fluid, an organic waste slurry biomass, a coal, a hydrocarbon and combinations, preferably the nutrient is water containing. The carbon source is selected from atmospheric air, a carbon dioxide source, an organic waste, a coal, a hydrocarbons, a geothermal fluid, an internal product of the consortium growth, propagation and reaction, and combinations. The modules are interconnected to function as a complete biocolumn. The LEDs operating at a fraction of the normal intensity of sunlight (approximately one-sixth) at just the level at which algae growth plateaus, before additional light intensity is wasted or actually inhibits additional growth, are used. Also, LEDs that are pulse to allow the proximate algae to recover from the acceptance of a photon and be ready to receive another are used. The LED fixtures that are mounted on distributing tubes that provide nutrient input in such a manner as to sweep the LED lenses and prevent growth buildup that would block the light, are used.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The composting agent is added to the spent mushroom compost during or prior to composting of the spent mushroom compost. The ratio of spent mushroom compost and composting agent is 1:1 and 6:1, preferably 1:1 and 3:1. The composting agent comprises manure or digestate, preferably thick fraction of manure or digestate from manure separator. The method involves separating the spent mushroom compost from casing soil prior to composting of the spent mushroom compost. The method involves drying the casing soil for the purpose of providing dried casing soil with a dry matter content of 30-80%, preferably 40-60%. The casing soil is dried using heat obtained by composting the spent mushroom compost. The heat obtained by composting the spent mushroom compost is further used for cultivating mushrooms and/or crops or for other applications. The method involves during composting of the spent mushroom compost outside air is supplied to the space in which the composting takes place, where the outside air is heated via a heat exchanger using heat obtained by composting the spent mushroom compost. The heat obtained by composting the spent mushroom compost is further used for heating water through heat exchanger. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Preprocessing porous matrix is performed by soaking porous matrix in 0.5-50 mass% ammonia water for 6-24 hours, taking out, removing excess ammonia water, soaking in 0.1-10% cerium nitrate aqueous solution at 50-120 degrees C for 6-24 hours, taking out, drying at 80-120 degrees C for 0.5-6 hours, and calcining at 300-600 degrees C for 2-6 hours. Aluminum sol is prepared by adding organic complexing agent in precursor aqueous solution, stirring for 1-6 hours, uniformly mixing, adjusting system temperature to 40-90 degrees C, dripping nitric acid while stirring at 200-700 rpm speed to completely form sol, controlling sol pH at 3-7, continuously stirring for 1-6 hours, and aging for 12-48 hours. Impregnating preprocessed porous matrix in aluminum sol is performed by placing preprocessed porous matrix in aluminum sol for 10-720 minutes, removing excess liquid, drying at 50-140 degrees C for 3-16 hours, calcining at 300-600 degrees C for 2-6 hours, and calcining at 600-1300 degrees C for 2-6 hours. Precursor aqueous solution is prepared by preparing pseudo-boehmite aqueous solution, preparing metal elements A and D soluble salt solution based on formula A1x1A2x2...AnxnD1y1D2y2...DnynO3, and adding soluble salt solution in pseudo-boehmite aqueous solution.Sigma xi=1; andSigma yi=1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Concentration of organic complexing agent is 0.3-3 times, preferably 1-1.5 times of total metal ion concentration. Preferred Definitions:    A=Mg, Sr, La, and/or Ce; and    D=Cu, Mn, Zr, Y, Fe, and/or Co.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The rotten plant debris is Eucalyptus, Eupatorium, wild banana, pine, teasel, straw, and/or bagasse.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The noble metal oxide is ruthenium oxide, palladium oxide, molybdenum oxide or rhodium oxide. The carrier is alumina, zirconia and/or cerium oxide. The catalyst has a particle size of 40-200 meshes. The noble metal nitrate is ruthenium nitrate, palladium nitrate, molybdenum nitrate or nitric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The soluble organic fuel is glycol, urea or glycine, and is added in the ratio of 5-50 wt.% of the catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Bio-organic fertilizer is made of greater than or equal to 8 wt.% nutrients containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, greater than or equal to 2000 million/g microorganisms, greater than or equal to 65 wt.% organic matter, less than or equal to 5.1 wt.% moisture and inorganic materials. Water-soluble fertilizer is composed of 40 g/L humic acid and greater than or equal to 230 g/L nutrients containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide. Organic water-soluble fertilizer is made of greater than or equal to 110 g/L organic matter, greater than or equal to 170 g/L nutrients containing nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, greater than or equal to 30-50 g/L zinc, manganese and boron components, greater than or equal to 20 g/L water insoluble matter and inorganic materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic matter is plant source organic matter, humic acid, citric acid, amino acid, vitamin, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, sodium tartrate and/or ethylene glycol. Inorganic material is zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, urea and/or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Microbial inoculant is composed of 10000000000 cfu/g Bacillus subtilis, 4000000000 cfu/g Rhodopseudomonas palustris, 2000000000 cfu/g Trichoderma harzianum and 4000000000 cfu/g Paecilomyces lilacinus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Particle size of bentonite is 300-mesh with 70% silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Starch is 80-mesh corn starch. Preferred Method: Composite powder is prepared by mixing soybean meal, rapeseed and sesame seeds, fermenting using Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianumand Aspergillus oryzae, drying, crushing and sieving. ADMINISTRATION - Administration is 5-10 kg microbial fertilizer/acre.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of compound (IV) and compound (III) is 1:1-2:1. Preferred Definitions:    ROM=potassium tert-butoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive mixture comprises 100 pts. wt. timber powder, and 0.5-20 pts. wt. rice bran resin, dandelion powder or their mixture. The water used in the promoter is ocher water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fuel cell system comprises an electrical balance of plant (EDOP) changing the electricity generated within the fuel cell stack which is capable of producing electricity from the electrochemical reaction, and mechanical balance of plant (MBOP) for supplying fuel to the fuel cell stack to generate electricity. The electrolyzer is a solar cell. The power source is from wave energy, tidal energy, wind energy or a secondary battery group. The power demand source is weather observation equipment. Each hydrogen tank comprises a main hydrogen tank and a secondary hydrogen tank. Each oxygen tank comprises a main oxygen tank and an auxiliary oxygen tank. The hydrogen and oxygen supplied from the electrolyzer are stored in the respective secondary hydrogen tank and the secondary oxygen tank. The water treatment system is supplied with the fresh water generated in fuel cell system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae comprise Porphyridium cruentum, Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Schizochytrium sp., or Neochloris oleoabundans.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic catalyst comprises a metal oxide-nickel complex catalyst, zeolite, platinum (Pt)-rhenium (Re)-alumina (Al2O3) catalyst, and Pt-Al2O3 catalyst, where the metal oxide-nickel complex catalyst comprises nickel-chromium oxide catalyst, nickel-Al2O3 catalyst or iron oxide, and the zeolite comprises silica (SiO2) and Al2O3. The gas cleaning unit comprises water and sodium carbonate. The moisture absorption device comprises hygroscopic agent consisting of activated charcoal, silica gel, calcium chloride, zeolite and sodium hydroxide. The non-precious metals catalyst comprises iron or cobalt. The desiccant comprises activated charcoal, silica gel, calcium chloride, zeolite, or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biofuel comprises a gas consisting of 1-4C alkane, syn-gas, benzene and toluene and a liquid fuel consisting of 5-10C alkane, alkene, alkyne and arene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves inserting organic matter and lactic acid bacteria into a sealed storage tank, where 0.01-0.5 wt.% sugar is added to the organic matter before adding into the tank, mixing under anaerobic conditions, removing treated matter from the storage tank when temperature reduced to 30-40 degrees C, depositing the treated matter, mixing for 1-2 times for 2-4 hours and heating at 35-40 degrees C. The lactic acid bacteria is bacteria having high temperature tolerance and proliferation and metabolic activity at 30-50 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer contains 20-30% active organic substance. The inorganic fertilizer has nutrient content of more than 25%, nitrogen content of 15%, phosphorus pentoxide content of 4%, potassium oxide content of 6%, organic substance content of 20% or more, and humic acid content of 10% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The strain includes phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria or nitrogen-fixing bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The soapstock includes boron, zinc, manganese, copper or other trace elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The humic acid is yellow humic acid, black humic acid or brown humic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Febuxostat intermediate is prepared by performing dehydration reaction on compound of formula (IV) in presence of dehydrating agent. Preferred Processes: Compound of formula (IV) is prepared by performing Grignard reaction on 2-bromo-4-methyl thiazole formic acid benzyl ester of formula (VI) and Grignard reagent of formula (III). Grignard reaction is quenched using protic reagent e.g. 1 wt.% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution or 10 wt.% ammonium chloride aqueous solution, preferably 10 wt.% ammonium chloride aqueous solution. Grignard reagent is prepared by reacting 5-halo-2-isobutyloxybenzamide of formula (II) with active metal M.M=Mg or Zn, preferably Mg; andX=halo, preferably Br.Preferred Compositions: Dehydrating agent is acidic dehydrating agent e.g. phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, or phosphorus pentoxide, preferably phosphorus oxychloride or thionyl chloride. Molar ratio compound of formula (IV):dehydrating agent is 2-20:1, preferably 4-7:1. Molar ratio 2-bromo-4-methyl thiazole formic acid benzyl ester:Grignard reagent is 1-1.3:1, preferably 1:1. Grignard reaction is performed in non-protonic solvent e.g. tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, or benzene, preferably tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Dehydration reaction temperature is - 10-100 degrees C, preferably 50-70 degrees C. Dehydration reaction time is 1-10 hours, preferably 2-6 hours. Grignard reaction temperature is - 20-15 degrees C, preferably - 10-0 degrees C. Grignard reaction time is 1-10 hours, preferably 2-5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Mass ratio organic solvent:itraconazole is 2-4:1 and mass ratio hydrochloric acid:itraconazole is 4-6:1. Preferred Processes: Hydrochloric acid itraconazole is synthesized by uniformly stirring 50 g itraconazole and 120 g anhydrous ethanol in reaction container, adding 12 g hydrochloric acid with 37 mass% concentration, stirring for 3 hours, cooling to 20 degrees C, filtering to obtain crystal, washing crystal 2-3 times using anhydrous ethanol, and drying in which yield rate is 98.1% and mass content is 98.8%, or uniformly stirring 50 g itraconazole and 200 g anhydrous ethanol in reaction container, adding 10 g hydrochloric acid with 38 mass% concentration, stirring for 5 hours, cooling to 10 degrees C, filtering to obtain crystal, washing crystal 2-3 times using anhydrous ethanol, and drying in which yield rate is 96.8% and mass content is 99.2%, or uniformly stirring 50 g itraconazole and 140 g methanol in reaction container, adding 9 g hydrochloric acid with 36 mass% concentration, stirring for 6 hours, cooling to 30 degrees C, filtering to obtain crystal, washing crystal 2-3 times using methanol, and drying in which yield rate is 90.8% and mass content is 98.5%, or uniformly stirring 50 g itraconazole and 80 g anhydrous ethanol in reaction container, adding 13 g hydrochloric acid with 37 mass% concentration, stirring for 4 hours, cooling to 10 degrees C, filtering to obtain crystal, washing crystal 2-3 times using methanol, and drying in which yield rate is 97.9% and mass content is 99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves accurately weighing 1 mg hapten to 4 ml small brown bottle, adding semi-antigen, stirring mixture to obtain white turbid, slowly dropping activated ester solution to protein solution, and maintaining solution at 4 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of the mixture of biomass and buffer and the ball is 1:0.5-1.5. The total volume of the biomass, the buffer and the ball in the container is 60-70%. The concentration of the biomass is 5-100 mg/ml. The buffer used in physical pretreatment is same buffer used in saccharifying step. Preferred Method: The saccharifying step is performed without removing byproducts, after physical pretreatment step. The physical pretreatment step, the saccharifying step and the fermenting step are performed simultaneously.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The size of the ball used in physical pretreatment is 1-5 phi . The rotational speed of the container or the stirrer for grinding the biomass is 150-400 revolutions per minute, and crushing takes place for 3-10 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The support part is currently fixed to the 1st chamber side of the separation membrane, is extended along an expansion-contraction direction in case the separation membrane bends from the 1st position on the outline which shows the end of the exposed part, and contains the part which supports the part which reaching the 2nd position on the outline different from the 1st position. The reinforcement part is fixed to the separation membrane and contains the seal part which seals between the separation membrane and the 1st chamber formation part and/or the 2nd chamber formation part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid content in the residual sludge is 2-7%, preferably 3-5%, the amount of the residual sludge introduced into the ultrasonic processor is 20-80%, and the remaining amount of the residual sludge is refluxed into to an aerobic tank. The dissolved oxygen content in the anoxic tank is 0.5 mg/l, the dissolved oxygen content in the anaerobic tank is 0.2 mg/l, the pH is 6-9, the water temperature is 20-35 degrees C, the hydraulic retention time is 1-10 hours, the reflux ratio is 50-300 wt.% and the high salt petrochemical sewage chemical oxygen demand/sulfate ion ratio is 1-5.5, preferably 2-3. Preferred Method: The ultrasonic frequency in the ultrasonic processor is 20-30 kHz, the sound intensity is 5-50 W/cm2, preferably 20-30 W/cm2 and the ultrasonic processing time is 1.5-15 minutes, preferably 5-10 minutes. The method comprises removing hydrogen sulfide in the anoxic tank or anaerobic tank by using liquid nitrogen in a timely manner, then introducing into a tail gas absorption system, processing, aerating by distributing nitrogen in perforated pipe and stripping mode is hydrogen sulfide by intermittent, continuous or alkali liquid circulation, where gas-water volume ratio is 10:1-100:1, preferably 30:1-60:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer is obtained by mixing 75 pts. wt. castor powder, 7 pts. wt. rock phosphate powder, 10 pts. wt. boron and magnesium ore, and 8 pts. wt. microbial agent, and inoculating Bacillus subtilis to the obtained mixture, and crushing the obtained product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Regulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precipitation supplemental agent is lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide and francium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol is 1-5C alcohol, preferably methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sieve based catalyst is chosen from zeolite socony mobil?5 (ZSM-5), beta , mobil composition of matter-22 (MCM-22), and MCM-49, zeolite silicon to aluminum atomic ratio of 20-80 mol. The molecular sieve is hydrogen or ammonium type molecular sieve, where the content is 60-85 wt.% and remainder is binder. The rare earth metal oxide is chosen from modified rare earth oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide, or composite oxides of modified oxides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic wastewater is excrement and/or purification-tank sludge. The gene information is band pattern obtained by electrophoresing DNA derived from the microorganism flora. The band pattern is obtained using DNA derived from the microorganism flora for modifier concentration gradient gel electrophoresis method. The control unit supplies humus to the activated sludge, humus extract, humic acid, fulvic acid, silica sand, and silica rock. Preferred Method: The method involves performing control for recovery of the activated state when the running state of the processor is judged to be state approaching the standard condition using control unit or it by monitoring unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The magnets is made of rare earth neodymium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbe habitation unit comprises carbohydrase, proteinase, and lipase. The microbe is Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces or Nitrosomonas present in an amount of 5-10 pts. wt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorber includes activated charcoal, zeolite, activated clay.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heterogeneous catalyst has silicon and aluminum ratio of 30 and nickel content of 4-6 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fatty acid methyl ester is prepared by esterification reaction of 0.1-1 wt.% of animal oil including roasted pork, lard or beef oil, vegetable oil including palm oil and/or waste resources using a sodium methoxide catalyst at 130-170 degrees C for 3.5-24 hours and then injecting methanol, and steaming and biodiesel healing process the mixture. The esterification reaction is carried out at the rate of less than or equal to 1 mg of potassium hydroxide/g. The method further comprises reacting linoleic acid methyl ester with heterogeneous catalyst under the presence of nitrogen gas and then adding 0.5 M of potassium chloride aqueous solution at 60-70 degrees C, stirring the mixture for 4 hours and then filtering and washing with distilled water, and drying the obtained product at 400 degrees C for 4 hours to produce nickel phase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mole ratio of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide is 0.05-1.5, molar ratio of phosphorus pentoxide and aluminum oxide is 0.5-1.5, the molar ratio of water and aluminum oxide is 5-100, and the molar ratio of diisopropanolamine and the aluminum oxide is 5-30. The silicon source is chosen from silica solution, active silica, n-silicate ester and metakaolin. The aluminum source is chosen from aluminum salts, activated aluminum oxide, alkoxy aluminum and metakaolin. The phosphorus source is chosen from orthophosphoric acid, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, organophosphorous compounds and phosphorus oxide. The ratio of diisopropanolamine and aluminum oxide in the initial gel mixture is 6-18.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon source used during the preparation of SAPO-34-type molecular sieve is silica solution, active silica, n-silicate ester, and/or metakaolin. The aluminum source used during the preparation of SAPO-34-type molecular sieve is aluminum salt, activated aluminum oxide, alkoxy aluminum, and/or metakaolin. The phosphorus source used during the preparation of SAPO-34-type molecular sieve is orthophosphoric acid, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, organophosphorous compounds, and/or phosphorus oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of methyldiethanolamine with respect to aluminum oxide contained in gel mixture used during the preparation of SAPO-34-type molecular sieve is 5.5-16.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst has a characteristic surface area of 5-20 m2/g (preferably greater than or equal to 10 m2/g). The inert support of Zirconia is obtained in sintered form by calcination of Zirconium oxide at 750-850 degrees C for 5-20 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: the inlet gaseous emissions of step (i) are heated up to a temperature of 450 degrees C. The catalytic oxidation in step (ii) is carried out at 450 degrees C at the inlet into the reactor and 750 degrees C at the outlet of the reactor. The reactor in step (ii) is a packed bed reactor with the catalyst in granular form, having a high diameter/height ratio, with a vacuum degree of 0.35-0.6 (preferably 0.45-0.55), for the treatment of a gaseous stream having a mass flow rate of 5000-15000 Kg per hour. The reactor has a diameter of 2-3 m and height of 25-60 cm. The oxidation catalyst comprises 0.5-2.5 (preferably 2) wt.% of Platinum with respect to the total weight of the catalyst. The oxidation catalyst consists of granules having a diameter of 1.5-5 mm (preferably 3-4 mm). The process further involves in step (iii) the transit of the gas emission exiting from the reactor through a secondary heat exchanger where the gas transfers the heat necessary to feed a micro-generation cycle, before being sent to the main heat exchanger for heating the mixture entering the reactor. In the secondary heat exchanger the heat is transferred by heating of air under pressure which is then directed to a micro-turbine for the generation of electrical work. The non-condensable gaseous emissions are the emissions of a geothermal electrical plant. The gaseous emissions are preliminarily treated for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and mercury. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nutritional liquid is obtained by mixing 0.05-0.1%, preferably 0.1% brewery liquid waste, 0.1-0.3%, preferably 0.2% liquid methane and 0.3-0.5%, preferably 0.4% chicken manure liquid in 0.5-0.7%, preferably 0.6% water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The residual sludge has solid content of 2-4 wt.%. The volume ratio of fermentation liquid and waste water is 1-5:500, preferably 1:200. The aerobic tank is filled with suspended filler including hanging load earthworm. The earthworm is wire water earthworm or silk earthworm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves collecting film-form structured or three-dimensional form structured formed on the liquid level in culture container, and culturing the primary culture in secondary container, where the collection process is performed for several times. The method further involves performing division processing which divides the biofilm formed on the liquid level in primary and secondary cultures. The dividing is performed with respect to the liquid level in which the biofilm exists substantially, and does not exist substantially. The biofilm is collected using substrate having biofilm collection portion. The secondary culture container is larger than primary culture container. The primary culture container has biofilm formed on liquid level after culture by sinking into the secondary culture container and passed into the container. The method involves collecting 25-75% biofilms from the liquid level. The primary and secondary cultures are static culture. The method involves transferring or depositing the collected culture on the substrate. The microalgae is green alga, preferably Botryococcus sudeticus, preferably B.sudeticus strain AVFF007 (FERM BP-11420).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic material comprises zeolite and sodium sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Product: The block has projection with water draining hole (5). Preferred Method: The method involves assembling the plastic housing into square or regular polygonal or irregular shapes by connecting its outer edges to each other, spreading the filter layer with perlite or sterilizing soil composition. The method involves forming the S.lineare layer by planting S.lineare by seed cultivation in the base material layer, covering 1 cm block with nutrient substances, maintaining the moisture content by more than 68% by watering, and preventing and treating plant disease and pests by spraying dried 400 g metaldehyde over 600 square area, and spraying by diluting 15 ml chlorantraniliprole with 20 kg water. Preferred Components: The nutrient layer comprises non-woven fabric, linen fabric, yarn or window shade, which is coated with controlled release fertilizer. Treating pests involves spraying 5.5% by diluting 10 ml cypermethrin in 20 kg water, 4.75% by diluting 10 g emamectin benzoate in 20 kg water, 5.5% 100 g dried metaldehyde, and 200 g dry lime.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fine bubble comprises microbubbles (5a). Preferred Process: The electrolytic oxidation is performed in the state which generated the fine bubble in the metal ion removal metal-plating waste liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: Saccharification performance is evaluated based on the amount of sodium contained in cellulose biomass after pretreatment process in the middle of pretreatment process. Cellulose biomass is washed before measuring the amount of alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal contained in cellulose biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass-to-volume ratio of accelerating agent and sodium hydroxide solution is 41.7-62.6:100 g/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P4) involves stirring for 2 hours. The process (P5) involves stirring for 3 hours. ACTIVITY - Insect attractant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The content of the biodegradable filler material is 56.7-77.3 wt.%. The content of the aqueous solution of polyol is 10.3-15.4 wt.%. The content of the biodegradable polymer is 10.3-30.9 wt.%. The content of the nutritive substance is 2.1-8.2 wt.%. The culture solution containing probiotic endospores comprises Bacillus. The biodegradable filler material comprises starch. The biodegradable polymer comprises biodegradable polyester. The biodegradable polymer comprises at least one chosen from poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and poly- beta -hydroxybutyrate (PHB). The nutritive substance comprises maltodextrin. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given. No biological data given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Starting Material: The lignocellulosic starting material is derived from vascular plants, and is lignocellulosic wood material, corn, straw, greenery (e.g. grass, foliage), paper waste and/or algae (especially lignocellulosic wood material). The lignocellulosic starting material has moisture of 10-70 wt.% (preferably 10-45 wt.% or 30-70 wt.%).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (ii) of subjecting lignocellulosic starting material to treatment is carried out at 120-320 degrees C (preferably 150-280 degrees C, more preferably 180-250 degrees C); at absolute pressure of 1-100 bar (preferably 1-50 bar, more preferably 1-45 bar, especially 2-45 bar); in presence of oxygen (O2), gases comprising oxygen such as air, and/or oxygen donors such as peroxides (preferably hydrogen peroxide or its aqueous solutions), or in presence of steam, water and/or gases. The concentration of O2 or O2 equivalents is 0.15-0.45 mol/kg (preferably 0.27-0.35 mol/kg) of the dried lignocellulosic material. The method (M1) involves: subjecting lignocellulosic starting material to treatment at 160-270 degrees C under partially oxidizing conditions at pressure of 10-50 bar in the presence of steam in reaction vessel. The opening of reaction vessel (step (iii)) is controlled to depressurize the reaction vessel at rate of 0.01-1 bar/seconds (preferably 0.03-0.7 bar/seconds). The method (M1) further involves: (v) drying of the solid product obtained in separating step (iv); and optionally (vi) pelletizing solid product obtained in separating step (iv) or drying step (v). Preferred Biomass Material: The elemental composition of carbon-enriched biomass material product is 45-60% (preferably 50-55%) of carbon; 5-8% (preferably 5.5-6.5%) of hydrogen; 32-50% (preferably 36-42%) of oxygen; and less than or equal to 1% of impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The vertically positioned tubes comprise an interior wall that is made of silica carbide, silica oxide, aluminum oxide, ceramic or refractory alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The other halogenated flame retardant is 2,2-bis(4-(2,3-dibromopropoxy)-3,5-dibromophenyl)propane. The physical foaming agent contains 3-5C saturated-hydrocarbon compound and carbon-dioxide and/or water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The regenerated polystyrene-type resin composition is pelletized. The polystyrene-type resin extrusion-foaming board has apparent density of 20-60 kg/m3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The preferable content sulfur atom in the polyester is 0.001-10 ppm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester further contains multifunctional compound unit chosen from hydroxy carboxylic acid having 2 or more functional groups, polyhydric alcohol having 3 or more functional groups, and polyhydric carboxylic acid having 3 or more functional group. The content of multifunctional compound unit is 0.0001-0.5 mol% with respect to 100 mol% total monomers contained in polyester. The dicarboxylic acid unit is aliphatic dicarboxylic acid unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: During manufacture of polyester film a polyester resin composition is used. The polyester composition contains 0.1-99.9 wt.% component chosen from thermoplastic resin, biodegradable resin, natural resin and/or polysaccharides. The biodegradable resin is aliphatic hydroxy-carboxylic acid type-resin and/or aromatic/aliphatic co-polyester type-resin. The polyester is manufactured using a chain extension agent. The polyester composition further contains 0.01-10 pts. wt. carbodiimide compound with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyester. The carbodiimide compound is polycarbodiimide compound, and has polymerization degree of 2-40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The one-component catalyst is iridium, iridium oxide, or ruthenium oxide. The supported-type oxygen evolution catalyst is iridium oxide/tin oxide, iridium oxide/antimony-tin oxide, or IrO2/TinO2n-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The anode plate, female bipolar plate and end plate are surface-treated titanium or tantalum-plated stainless steel material. The membrane electrode comprises anode diffusion layer comprising tantalum-plated stainless steel material; anode catalyst layer comprising one-component catalyst or supported-type oxygen evolution catalyst; proton exchange membrane comprising perfluorosulfonic acid membrane; cathode catalyst layer comprising 40 wt.% platinum/carbon catalyst; and cathode diffusion layer comprising carbon paper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealing gaskets are fluorine rubber or silicone rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The noble metal oxide is ruthenium oxide, palladium oxide, molybdenum oxide or rhodium oxide. The carrier is alumina, zirconia and/or cerium oxide. The noble metal nitrate is ruthenium nitrate, palladium nitrate, molybdenum nitrate or rhodium nitrate. The nitrate carrier is aluminum nitrate, zirconyl nitrate or cerium nitrate. Preferred Property: The catalyst has particle size of 40-100 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The soluble organic fuel is glycol, urea or glycine. The addition amount of soluble organic fuel is 30-400 wt.% with respect to mass of catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hole structure-modifying agent is polyethylene glycol having molecular weight of 1000-8000. The addition amount of hole structure-modifying agent is 0.1-5 wt.% with respect to mass of catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The oxygen generation substance is peroxide. The peroxide is a calcium peroxide. The biodegradable resin is polylactic acid. The weight ratio of oxygen generation substance to biodegradable resin of the oxygen generation substance with respect to the biodegradable resin is 5/95 or more and 80/20 or less. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The proton-conducting heteropoly compound salt is cesium salt of phosphotungstic acid of formula: Cs3-xHxPW12O40.nH2O. The content of electroconductive component in the carrier is 2-30 wt.%. The content of noble metal in the catalyst is 5-30 wt.%. The catalytic electrode has a porous layer of thickness 5-15 microns, comprising chemically deposited catalyst nanoparticles of platinum group metal with an average size of 3 nm, and 5-20% PTFE. Preferred Method: A suspension of active mass of the composite is by dispersing the catalytic composite and hydrophobic additive in a mixture of water, glycerol, and isopropyl alcohol in a ratio of 0.5:0.2:0.3, and the suspension is applied on a substrate and heat-treated at 120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Condition: Inner portion of the bag component is pressure-reduced at the vacuum degree of 60 KPa or less. Preferred Composition: The content of impurity which shows difficulty meltability at the heating temperature of compression volume reduction process in raw material is 20 wt.% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The electrolytic membrane further has a porous reinforced material (20) containing polymer (a), provided on both sides of the ion-permeable film. The porous reinforced material is a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a net, a mesh, or a sintered porous film. Preferred Properties: The ion-permeable film has thickness of 5-300 mm and average hole diameter of 0.01-20 mu m. The permeability of the porous reinforced material is more than 5 cm3/cm2.second. Preferred Process: The medium acidic ion-exchange group, weakly acidic ion-exchange group, strongly basic ion-exchange group, medium basic ion-exchange group or weakly basic ion-exchange group is introduced by graft polymerization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion-permeable film is comprised from polymer having medium-acidic ion exchange group, weakly-acidic ion exchange group, strong-basic ion exchange group, medium-basic ion exchange group, or weakly-basic ion exchange group. The medium-acidic ion exchange group, weakly-acidic ion exchange group, strong-basic ion exchange group, medium-basic ion exchange group or weakly-basic ion exchange group is introduced by graft polymerization. The diaphragm further has porous reinforced component (20) positioned on ion-permeable film. The reinforced component has medium-acidic ion exchange group, weakly-acidic ion exchange group, strong-basic ion exchange group, medium-basic ion exchange group or weakly-basic ion exchange group. Preferred Property: The diaphragm has electrical resistance value when potassium hydroxide aqueous solution having concentration of 30 wt.% is used as electrolyte solution, is below 0.5 ohm.cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material is a mixture of impure biodiesel. Preferred Parameters: The frequency is selected between 10 and 500 kHz to enter resonance from at least one of the reactants present in the fluid energy intensities greater than 0.2 W/cm3. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain is chloramphenicol resistance species. The nitrogen-fixing bacterium includes Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter vinelandii, Beijerinckia indica and Azospirillum brasilense of mass ratio 1:1:1:1. The phosphate-solubilizing bacterium includes Bacillus cereus and Bacillus badius of mass ratio 1:1. The potassium-solubilizing bacteria includes Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus megaterium of mass ratio 1:1. The yeast includes Candida utilis, Torulopsis glabrata and Rhodotorula glutinis of mass ratio 1:1:1. The Rhizobium includes Azorhizobium caulinodans, Mesorhizobium haukuii and Azotobacter chrooccum of mass ratio 1:1:1. The photosynthetic bacterium includes Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rhodospirillum rubrum of mass ratio 1:1. The Bacillus species is Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus and Bacillus subtilis of mass ratio 1:1:1. The actinomycete is nocardioform actinomycete. The white rot fungi includes Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pholiota squarrosoides of mass ratio 1:1. The Pseudomonas is Pseudomonas fluorescens. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed at 50 degrees C or more. The straw is crushed by rotary crusher equipped with chain as rotation element. The method involves using raw material comprising straw and organic waste which is separated into solid and liquid, mixing recovered straw to solid-phase, then mixing the material with liquid phase, and performing methane fermentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dwell time in the fast fermenter chamber is smaller than the dwell time in the inoculum fermenter chamber. The amount of the raw fermentation substrate, which is coated with the inoculum fermenter chamber per unit time, is smaller than the amount of the fast fermenter raw substrate, which is coated with the fast fermentation chamber per unit time. Preferred Method: A part of the substrate fermented in the inoculum fermenter chamber is recycled to the inoculum fermenter chamber and the other part is introduced in the fast fermenter chamber. At least one the inoculum fermenter chamber is coupled with at least one fast fermentation chamber, and the fermenter chamber is coated. The first inoculum fermenter chamber is provided with the return path for self-inoculation with self-inoculating substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The cellulose biomass is wood type biomass. The wood type biomass is a thing derived from a conifer or a broad leaved tree, preferably conifer. The wood-type biomass contains a bark.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The biomass liquid manufacturing plant comprises (a) process portion which carries out distillation process of the waste glycerol to reduce inorganic salt contained in waste glycerol, process portion (b) which processes the waste glycerol by ion exchange resin in order to reduce inorganic salt contained in waste glycerol and process portion (c) which processes the waste glycerol with organic acid in order to reduce fatty acid or fatty acid ester contained in the waste glycerol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The impregnation process is carried out under reduced pressure. The acidic catalyst is a liquid and is added during mixing cellulose biomass feedstock and the glycerol, to obtain a mixture. The heat processing is carried out based on a microwave exposure. The manufacture of biomass liquid involves crushing cellulose biomass and obtaining cellulose biomass feedstock, extracting the essential oil component which immerses the cellulose biomass feedstock in an organic solvent, and is contained in the cellulose biomass feedstock, and mixing the cellulose biomass feedstock and glycerol, to obtain a mixture. The glycerol is obtained by purifying the crude glycerol containing an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, and water. Preferred Composition: The acidic catalyst is a sulfuric acid. The organic solvent comprises organic solvent mixable with glycerol. The organic solvent is a 1-10C aliphatic monohydric alcohol, or 1-5C monohydric alcohol. The crude glycerol further contains the salt or ester of a fatty acid or a fatty acid. The crude glycerol is a by-product of the biodiesel fuel which transesterifies fats and oils.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Preparation of (I) comprises heating a methyl 2-(3-(2-(2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)propanoate compound of formula (IA) with toluene and trituration with acetonitrile to obtain a methyl 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino(4,5-b)indole-5-carboxylate compound of formula (IB), and reacting (IB) with hydrochloric acid/diethyl ether/methylene chloride to obtain a methyl 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino(4,5-b)indol-3-ium-5-carboxylate chloride compound of formula (IC) (representative of (I)).R = =OCH3. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 8 Compounds (I) are disclosed, e.g. methyl 3-allyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino(4,5-b)indole-5-carboxylate of formula (Ia), methyl 3-cinnamyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino(4,5-b)indole-5-carboxylate, methyl 3-(2-phenylallyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino(4,5-b)indole-5-carboxylate, methyl 3-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino(4,5-b)indole-5-carboxylate and (11R)-methyl 11-(2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-4-methoxybutyl)-1-allyl-2,3,8,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)carbazole-9-carboxylate.    EXAMPLE - 10 l of Dry tetrahydrofuran and 800 g of methyl 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino(4,5-b)indole-5-carboxylate were charged to a 72 l three-necked mechanically stirred round bottomed flask with a reflux condenser. The mixture was stirred, and 21.1 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide, 1.13 kg of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 29.7 ml of allyl bromide were added sequentially in one lot each. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 20 degrees C for 2.5 days. The mixture was diluted with 10 l of hexanes, filtered, and transferred to a separatory funnel. The solution was washed with 2 l of water, 1 l of saturated sodium chloride, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and then concentrated to 770 g of methyl 3-allyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroazepino(4,5-b)indole-5-carboxylate as a dark green brown oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of contacting the pyrolysis oil with the resin comprises: calculating the volume of resin to a given mass of pyrolysis oil according to the equation as given in the specification; calculating the maximum volume of pyrolysis oil per unit volume of resin that can be ion-exchanged according to the equation as given in the specification; or mixing the resin with the pyrolysis oil. The step of contacting the pyrolysis oil comprises contacting the pyrolysis oil with 0.1-10 times the volume capacity of the resin. The step of contacting the pyrolysis oil with the acidic ion-exchange resin is carried: at liquid hourly space velocity of 0.1-20 hour-1, an absolute pressure of greater than 0 KPa to 13790 KPa, 10-120 degrees C and an exposure time of 0.5-24 hours; and through a column containing the acidic ion-exchange resin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Alternatively, preparing a biobriquette from solid biomass waste from agriculture, agribusiness and forestry, involves: (a) obtaining a representative sample of the residue for proper physical chemical characterization to establish processes and conditioning required and fuel characteristics; (b) conducting an initial conditioning which involves making at least one of the following: drying, crushing, grinding and sieving preliminary; (c) performing a second amendment; (d) grinding and sieving the material to a minor toast to 149 microns particle size; (e) agglomerated conditioning biomass using an organic gel; (f) conducting characterized pressing the mixture because the second amendment involves toasting preconditioned biomass. The heating rate is 20 degrees C/minute, the roasting temperature is 270 degrees C and the residence time at this temperature is 40 minutes. The residue may be one of the following: coffee husk, wood chip or barley bran. The biobriquettes obtained have a density of at least 550 kg/m3. The curing process is performed at 160 degrees C for 30 minutes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Strain: The C.mexicana strain YSL008 comprises a 870 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. The carbohydrate content of C.mexicana strain YSL008 is 50 wt.% with respect to dry weight. Preferred Method: The method involves culturing the above-mentioned strain at 25-35 degrees C, where the pH is maintained at 7-8. The ultrasonic treatment is performed at 20-60 kHz and 1-5 Kw for 5-30 minutes. The hydrolysis is performed using enzyme obtained from Trichoderma reesei. The fermentation is performed at 30-40 degrees C, where the pH is 5-7. Preferred Composition: The culture medium comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium chloride dihydrate, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, boric acid and trace elements. Preferred Component: The trace element is at least one chosen from zinc sulfate, manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate, molybdenum trioxide, copper sulfate, cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: separating out sewer solids and the leonardite via coagulation after the sewer stream is treated with the leonardite; disposing the separated sewer solids and the leonardite; and separating out sewer solids and the leonardite via flocculation after the sewer stream has been treated with the leonardite. Preferred Components: The leonardite is used to treat the flow of the sewer stream at a rate of one pound of leonardite to 10000 gallons of sewer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal complex is a ruthenium complex of formula (I) or (II). The nucleophile is organometallic compound, organic carbon compound or organic heterogeneous compound.R1,R2=H or optionally substituted phenyl or 1-5C alkyl;andFG=amino, hydroxy, amide, ester or ether.Preferred Process: The manufacture of coupling product is carried out under irradiation of visible light.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves separating butanol from the fermented product and purifying the butanol (butanol selectivity is 95% or less) by distillation, where the first microorganism is removed from the fermented product. The step (e) involves culturing second microorganism in the culture medium comprising 15-100 vol.%, or 45-100 vol.% wastewater, where the second microorganism having the ability to produce butanol, and the second microorganism is Clostridium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The culture medium comprises 5-100 vol.% wastewater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wastewater comprises 0.2-1.1 g/l butyric acid, and butanol. The biomaterial is butanol, acetone or ethanol (butanol selectivity is 60% or more). The biomaterial is butanol, acetone or ethanol (ethanol selectivity is higher than acetone selectivity). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The saccharifying agent comprises an enzyme.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The dispersing system comprises: the jet mixer, a positive displacement pump. The rotating member functions as an impeller, and the action of the rotating member within the chamber is that of a centrifugal pump. The rotating member comprises mixing elements coaxially arranged with a rotor that is disposed in rotor-stator relationship with a side wall of the chamber. The source is positioned above the vessel, and comprises a hopper, which is present in communication with a vibrating device. The dispersing system comprises dispersing devices. The vessel comprises a tank. The positive displacement pump comprises a progressive cavity pump.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: delivering a saccharifying agent to the vessel; delivering the feedstock and/or the saccharifying agent to the vessel from a source disposed outside the vessel; delivering a stream of liquid medium onto the feedstock on the surface of the liquid medium to wet the feedstock; monitoring a glucose level of a mixture of the feedstock, the liquid medium and the saccharifying agent during saccharification; and adding an emulsifier or surfactant to the mixture in the vessel. The saccharifying step comprises adding the feedstock to the liquid medium in discrete increments, and dispersing each discrete increment of feedstock into the liquid medium with the dispersing system before adding another increment of feedstock. Preferred Components: The feedstock has a bulk density of less than 0.75 g/cm3. The liquid medium comprises water. The feedstock is present in a substantially dry condition prior to delivery to the vessel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The photosynthetic bacteria are Rhodopseudomonas sp., the lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus sp. and the yeast is Saccharomyces sp..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The amount of the collagen added to the medium is 0.3-2 pts. wt.. Preferred Method: gamma -Aminobutyric acid is added during step (a) or step (c). The amount of gamma -aminobutyric acid added to the medium is 0.1-1.5 pts. wt.. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An amount of red clay is 5-20 vol.%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further comprises temporary storing the livestock excretion into a storage tank of a stirring device, and separating solid-liquid to remove the debris and solid of the livestock manure. In step (a), the plant material is lignin and cellulose. The step (b)is carried out by using lipolytic bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria or proteolytic bacteria. The step (b) is carried out by decomposing carbohydrates via the anaerobic treatment, and completely decomposing by reprocessing the remaining carbohydrate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The beta -glucosidase protein is isolated from rumen microorganism of black goat. Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 3951 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid used for removing excess catalyst for biodiesel, alcohol and glycerin directly in reaction medium or liquid components for performing transesterification reaction. The terephthalic acid consumed in neutralization process is recovered by treatment with an inorganic or organic, concentrated or diluted in an aqueous acid medium. The terephthalic acid used to purify biodiesel contains solid acids such as benzoic acid, citric acid or organic or inorganic origin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The support comprises silica and silicon. The metal includes lithium, sodium, or potassium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises desulfoxylating a methanesulfonate sodium or sodium sulfonate material to form methyl radicals or hydrogen radicals, and photolyzing hydrogen gas to form a hydrogen radical. Preferred Components: The sodium salt of a sulfonic acid is derived from biomass. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Cellulose degrading bacteria such as Cellulomonas (CICC 23686) strain decomposes cellulose fibers. Starch-degrading bacteria i.e Bacillus subtilis of CICC10066 strain secretes amylase. Protein degrading bacteria is Bacillus subtilis (CICC10071) strain secretes protease. Oil degrading bacteria is Bacillus licheniformis (CICC21085) stain secretes lipase, and Bacillus subtilis (CICC10210) strain, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CICC21100) strain. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Nanocomposite: The photocatalytic nanocomposite further comprises an ionic moiety attached to the reduced graphite oxide. The reduced graphite oxide is an ionic liquid functionalized reduced graphite oxide formed by attaching a NH2-terminated ionic liquid to the reduced graphite oxide. The photocatalytic metal oxide is TiO2. The TiO2 is in the form of rutile and anatase. The reduced graphite oxide is a powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic moiety comprises R1R2R3. The NH2-terminated ionic liquid is an imidazole (preferably 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquid, especially 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride). The products are substantially free of CO gas. The CH4 has a production rate in excess of 10 mu mol/g catalyst-hour; production rate in excess of 250 mu mol/g catalyst-hour.R1=NH;R2=alkylene, preferably 1-5C alkylene , especially propylene;R3=cationic group, preferably imidazole ring protonated or substituted at nitrogen atom, especially alkyl-substituted imidazole ring.Preferred Method: The method further involves: functionalizing the reduced graphite oxide with a NH2-terminated ionic liquid to form an ionic liquid functionalized reduced graphite oxide before the step of mixing. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The phosphate comprises 16-21% phosphorus, dihydrogen phosphate comprises 35-46% phosphorus, potassium salt comprises 54-60% potassium hydroxide, ammonium sulfate comprises more than 20% nitrogen, peat comprises more than 50% humic acid, and shell powder comprises more than 95% calcium carbonate. The serpentine powder is rich in calcium and magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, potassium hydroxide solution or potassium carbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Crystallization is carried out at 5degreesC.Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol or ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the fermentation is carried out for 22 days. In the step (iii), the drying is carried out at 45-50 degrees C for 2.5-3 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial fertilizer comprises 4.5 pts. mass B.megaterium, 3 pts. mass R.palustris, 1.5 pts. mass S.avermitilis, 45 pts. mass rapeseed, 28 pts. mass colza cake, 18 pts. mass wheat straw, 38 pts. mass pig manure, 40 pts. mass molasses, 4.5 pts. mass wheat bran, 28 pts. mass inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixture, and 4 pts. mass bentonite. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In step (a), the maggot seedbed comprises 50-80% lees, 50-70% straw, 10-20% rapeseed cake, 0-10% wheat bran, 0-10% protein excipients, and 0-10% other functional components, preferably 70% lees, 15% rapeseed, 5% wheat bran, 5% protein excipient and 5% other functional component, or 60% straw, 15% rapeseed, 8% wheat bran, 7% protein excipients and 10% other functional components. In step (a), the pH is adjusted by adding calcium oxide, sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate to the maggot seedbed, adjusting pH to 6.5-7 for 1-6 days where everyday the seedbed is flipped, obtaining modified maggot mixed seedbed, and adding iron, calcium hypochlorite or other microbial inoculum to the mixed bed. In step (c), the method involves 8-10 kg fly maggot in each rack, and inoculating 0.08-0.1 g housefly eggs. In step (d), the culture is maintained at 20-30?oC, and humidity of 30-70% for 6-8 hours. In step (g), the method involves adding 2-4% fly maggot base material for fermentation, and lees and straw are uniformly mixed in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pH of fly maggot mixed bed is adjusted by adding calcium oxide, sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate, ferric, calcium hypochlorite or microbial inoculum. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further comprises fatty acid. The carrier liquid is hydrocarbon oil. At least one solvent is a sulfoxide, an alcohol or an aldehyde. The solvent comprises dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, furfural, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or 1,3 -propanediol, or its combination. The lignin or lignin derivatives is derived from black or red liquor or lignin from ethanol production. Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 7 wt.% of lignin or lignin derivatives or more, or 10 wt.% or more, or 12 wt.% or more, or 15 wt.% or more, or 20 wt.% or more, or 25 wt.% or more, or 30 wt.% or more. The carrier liquid content is at least 20 wt.%, or at least 30 wt.%, or at least 40 wt.%, preferably at least 50 wt.%, or preferably at least 60 wt.%. The weight average molecular weight of the lignin or lignin derivative is not more than 2000 g/mol, or not more than 1000 g/mol. The composition comprises 7 wt.% or more of lignin or lignin derivatives and at least 30 wt.% of carrier liquid. It comprises at least 7 wt.% lignin or lignin derivatives having a weight average molecular weight of not more than 2000 g/mol, where the solvent comprises at least an alcohol, aldehyde or a sulfoxide; and a hydrocarbon oil and fatty acid in a 1:1 to 1:5 weight ratio. Preferred Process: The composition is heated during mixing to a temperature between 50 and 350 degrees C. A fatty acid is provided and added to the mixture. The lignin or lignin derivatives are obtained from: chemical reduction using a transition metal catalyst; acidification and separation; filtration, ultra-filtration or cross-flow ultra-filtration; or its combination, of black or red liquor or residual material from ethanol production. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves allowing the product from coagulative precipitation tank to pass into sludge storage pool, dehydrating the product, and subsequently processing the dehydrated product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: Sludge obtained from the coagulative precipitation tank is placed into a sludge tank. Dehydration process is carried out in the sludge tank for dewatering of sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali hydrolysis agent is selected from an alkaline solution of lime, ammonia, ammonium carbonate, or their mixtures, where lime powder and lime contains not less then 92% of calcium carbonate. Acidic hydrolysis agent is selected from an acidic solution of sulfuric acid (60-85%), hydrochloric acid (60-95%) and phosphoric acid (70-95%) or their mixtures. Preferred Conditions: Temperature of heating is at 50-85 degrees C. Stirring speed is 100-200 revolutions per minute. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Manure is poultry manure, chicken manure and/or pig manure. Reducing acid yeast is Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces yeast and wine yeast. Enzyme contains 20-30 pts. wt. pectase, 10-15 pts. wt. pullulanase, 5-10 pts. wt. cellulose, 5-10 pts. wt. tannase, 3-5 pts. wt. beta -glucanase, 3-5 pts. wt. xylanase and 3-5 pts. wt. protease. Liquid microbial inoculum is Aspergillus niger (CGMCC927) or Aspergillus niger (CGMCC3.316). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Tridecyl morpholine quaternary ammonium alkali derivative is prepared by reacting tridemorph with halogenated hydrocarbon in equimolar ratio at 100-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, and then re-crystallized to obtain a light yellow solid tridemorph halogenated quaternary ammonium salt. Tridemorph halogenated quaternary ammonium salt is reacted with sodium bisulfate in equimolar ratio at 90 degrees C for 3-6 hours, and then filtered to remove halide to obtain a yellow oily tridemorph quaternary ammonium bisulfate salt. Tridemorph quaternary ammonium bisulfate salt is dissolved in mixture of water and barium hydroxide solution in equimolar ratio for 2-4 hours, and then filtered to remove barium sulfate to obtain yellow ropy tridecyl morpholine quaternary ammonium alkali. Preferred Components: Halogenated hydrocarbon is selected from n-butyl bromide, n-octyl bromide, benzyl chloride or 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The horizontal sheets of the illuminator are formed of substantially clear optical material and include a light source disposed such that the light emitted by the light source is radiated into a volume between adjacent horizontal sheets of the plurality of horizontal sheets. A source of emitted light energy is a light emitting diode or a laser having a central wavelength selected to cause energy transfer to a selected biomass feedstock. The light source emits pulsed light. The biomass feedstock is algae. An outlet near the top of the container permits a biomass suspended in a liquid is to flow out of the container, at least a portion of the biomass being reintroduced to the container by a second inlet at the bottom portion of the photobioreactor vessel. Nutrient is added to the biomass prior to being reintroduced into the photobioreactor vessel either intermittently or continuously. An actuator is configured to oscillate the illuminator in a direction orthogonal to the horizontal sheets. The pressurized gas is carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is byproduct of a thermal electrical power generation system. An electrical power source for the illuminator comprises a solar cell and a storage battery. Waste heat from a thermal electric power generation is used as energy for temperature control of the photobioreactor. The vertical spacing between the horizontal sheets is 2.5 cm. The horizontal sheets are fabricated from a polycarbonate or other optically transparent material at the central wavelength of the light source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the first effective hydroprocessing conditions comprise an liquid hourly spaced velocity (LHSV) of 0.3-2 hr-1, a total pressure of 800-3000 psig (5.5-20.7 MPag), a treat gas ratio of at least 2000 scf/bbl (340 Nm3/m3) of at least 80% hydrogen, and a temperature of 650-800 degrees F (343-427 degrees C). The second effective hydrotreating conditions comprise an LHSV of 0.1-10 hr-1, a total pressure of 100-4000 psig (690 kPag to 27.6 MPag), and a temperature of 450-800 degrees F (232-427 degrees C). The method (M1) further involves hydroisomerizing the diesel boiling range product, including exposing the diesel boiling range product to a hydroisomerization catalyst under effective hydroisomerization conditions comprising a temperature of 250-450 degrees C, a pressure of 300-3000 psig (2.1-20.7 MPag), an LHSV of 0.1-5 hr-1 and a treat gas ratio of 500-5000 scf/bbl (84-840 Nm3/m3). The biocomponent feedstock comprises 20-75 wt.% an animal fat, 20-75 wt.% crude vegetable oil, and 20-75 wt.% an algae oil or fat. The oxygen content of the diesel boiling range product is less than or equal to 0.1 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Soil: The organic soil is prepared by mixing converter residue obtained during iron manufacture as mineral which is as an acidity-mitigating base material. The wood vinegar is the vinegar solution generated during carbonization of trees such as evergreen oak. The short-fiber bark compost is obtained by crushing the corroded Japanese cedar bark using hammer with a nail rotated in the inclined tube, and selecting short fiber corroded bark after crushing using a rotating cylinder type trommel selector. The short fiber artificial corrosion soil is obtained by performing the above-mentioned process. The organic soil is configured by changing the mixing ratio of artificial corrosion soil and bark compost to make it suitable for various plants and vegetations, where mixing ratio is 50-99% bark compost, and 1-45% artificial corrosion soil. The blending ratio of converter residue to the organic soil is 0.01-0.1%. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): An amine compound of formula (III) and aldehyde compound of formula: (CH2O)m.R4-R6=H, alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl.Preferred Composition: The compound (I) is preferably of formula (II). The composition further contains compound chosen from alkyl benzyl ammonium chloride, benzyl coco-12-18C alkyl dimethylammonium chloride, dicoco-12-18C alkyl dimethylammonium chloride, ditallow dimethylammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethyl quaternary ammonium methyl chloride, methyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl)coco-12-18C alkylquaternary ammonium chloride, dimethyl(2-ethyl)tallow ammonium methyl sulfate, n-dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride, n-octadecylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chloride, n-dodecyltrimethylammonium sulfate, soya alkyltrimethylammonium chloride and hydrogenated tallow alkyl(2-ethylhyexyl)dimethyl quaternary ammonium methyl sulfate.R3=R1. EXAMPLE - Paraformaldehyde and triethanolamine were mixed in molar ratio of 3:1 into a 1000 mL four-neck round-bottom flask and heated at 80-100 degrees C for 1.5 hours under an inert atmosphere to prevent discoloration. After the paraformaldehyde was completely dissolved and cooled to room temperature, to yield triethanolamine formaldehyde addition product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bioreactor elements is directly supported on the supporting poles, preferably on a support arm (5), which is fixed at the supporting poles. The supporting poles comprise a lifting device (6) for bringing the bioreactor elements in the intended height, preferably in the region of the corresponding support arm. The support arm extends in the lift region of the lifting device. The expansion of the holding elements is variable. The supporting element extends over each bioreactor element. Many bioreactor elements are fixed on at least one, preferably all supporting elements. The bioreactor element in the region of the support points exhibits grooves, loops, for connection with the corresponding holding element. Many adjacent bioreactor elements are interconnected in the area of at least one support point via respective coupling element. The coupling element is mounted on at least one supporting element over at least one holding element. The supporting elements extend over the entire length of bioreactor elements. The bioreactor elements are arranged in many superimposed, preferably horizontal rows. At least one, preferably each row of bioreactor elements, which extends on one side of the supporting poles, is supported on the support arm of the supporting poles. The bioreactor elements exhibit a length of more than 25, preferably more than 100 m. The distance between two adjacent support poles is at least 3, preferably at least 6 m. The distance between two adjacent support points is at least 1, preferably at least 2 m. The bioreactor elements are formed integrally. The supporting element is designed as a flexible support cable or a support belt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fluid is formed from a cooling or a heating fluid (6), preferably a refrigerator or a heating liquid. The fluid carries out light-reflection, light-refraction and/or passage of at least one specific wavelength of the light obstructing light elements. The influencing channel is arranged with respect to the incident light in front of the nutrient channel. The composition of the fluid, its flow velocity, the amount of entrained light elements, the type of entrained light elements and/or the composition of different types of light elements are changed. At least one, preferably all the nutrient channels are associated with many influencing channels. At least one nutrient channel is associated with at least one metering device for addition of carbon dioxide in the nutrient solution. The metering device is formed from a carbon dioxide-supplying influencing channel, which is connected with at least one nutrient channel. The bioreactor element has a holding means arranged in the upper region for connection with support device bearing the bioreactor element between its ends. The bioreactor element has a length of more than 25, preferably more than 100 m. The bioreactor element is made of thermoplastic plastic, preferably polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate or poly(vinyl chloride). The wall or influencing channel with respect to the incident light arranged in front of the nutrient channel forms an optical prism. A tensile force is formed between the extruder and the beginning of the bioreactor element during its production. The tensile force increases the distance between the extruder and the beginning of the bioreactor element. Preferred Method: The tensile force is applied by a traction device. The tensile force and/or position of the traction device are changed. The wall is at least partially coated or glued outwardly.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The device is designed for continuous operation. The biomass fuel is conveyed into the burner and the vegetable charcoal is discharged from the burner during the operation of the burner. The fuel conveying means is provided for supplying at least 0.4 kg fuel per hour of burner operation and per kW of burner heat output in the burner (based on final combustion of the dry state). Preferred Components: The device is designed such that the temperature of carbonization of the biomass fuel is greater than or equal to 600 degrees C. The biomass fuel is biomass wood chip, preferably wood chips. The device comprises a fluid heat exchanger, preferably a water heat exchanger for decoupling the heat generated in the burner, a secondary air supply for combusting the volatile materials, a third conveyor for conveying additional biomass fuel in the burner and carbonizing additional biomass fuel in the heat of combustion of the volatile materials of the biomass fuel from the fuel conveying means, preferably in a vessel in the exhaust stream or the flame, and openings in the vessel for conducting and combusting the volatile materials in the burner produced during carbonization of biomass fuel, which is conveyed from the third conveyor. The device is connected at a heating network, preferably many heating networks detected as a building for using the generated heat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen is circulated in swing adsorption depth purification process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Organic waste is sewage sludge, livestock excrement, and/or foodstuff-type waste materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The transformed micro algae are obtained by introducing glycerol kinase gene into the micro algae. Preferred Algae: The micro algae having oil storing ability exceeds 40 wt.% per dry weight. The micro algae belong to Fistulifera. The micro algae is Fistulifera sp. strain JPCC DA0580 or its mutant. Preferred Gene: The glycerol kinase gene is gene which is inherent in the micro algae. The glycerol kinase gene codes the protein which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphoric acid by making glycerol and ATP into substrate. The protein is chosen from (a) protein comprises a 608 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4) fully defined in the specification, (b) protein which has 80% or more identity with respect to protein which consists of amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or 4, and (c) protein which is coded by base sequence hybridized on stringent conditions with respect to complementary strand of a 1827 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3) fully defined in the specification. Preferred Method: The method (M1) involves extracting oil component containing triglyceride from the cultured transformed micro algae. The method (M2) involves utilizing the glycerol obtained after methyl-esterification for cultivating the transformed micro algae. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: 2,5-Dichloroanisole is dissolved in an organic solvent and adding 0.5-3 %mass titanium chloride is added with respect to 2,5-dichloroanisole. The temperature is reduced to 0-10 degrees C, and the contents are stirred, while dichloromethyl ether is dripped. The molar ratio of 2,5-dichloro-anisole and dichloromethyl ether is 1/1.2-1/0.9. After dripping completion, 1-3 volume times water with respect to organic solvent is added, pH is adjusted to 1-3, temperature is controlled to 15-50 degrees C, preferably 20-25 degrees C, and the contents are stirred for 3-6 hours, preferably 5-6 hours. The oil layer is collected to obtain 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde. 2-Methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde is dissolved in an organic solvent, an oxidant solution is dripped, and the contents are stir-reacted at 15-50 degrees C, preferably 20-25 degrees C for 3-8 hours, preferably 5-8 hours. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure, pH is adjusted to 3 or less, preferably 1-2, and the reaction mixture is filtered and dried to obtain 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid. The molar ratio of 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde and oxidizing agent is 1/1-1/5, preferably 1/2-1/3. Preferred Compounds: The organic solvent is dichloromethane, dichloroethane, benzene, toluene and/or dimethylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The isolated polypeptide/the isolated polynucleotide is obtainable from a fungus. The fungus is from the genus Amorphotheca, Rhizomucor, or Calcarisporiella, preferably from the genus of the species Amorphotheca resinae, Rhizomucor pusillus, or Calcarisporiella thermophila. The host cell is a bacterial cell or a fungal cell. The fungal cell is a filamentous fungal cell. The strain is a bacterial strain or a fungal strain. The fungal strain is a filamentous fungal strain. The application of the polypeptide is in conjunction with cellulose or a cellulase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polypeptide involves: either (A) culturing a strain comprising the polynucleotide molecule or the vector under conditions conducive for the production of the polypeptide, and (B) recovering the polypeptide; or (A1) culturing the recombinant host cell under conditions conducive for the production of the polypeptide, and (B1) recovering the polypeptide. Preferred Components: The polypeptide is obtainable by expressing the polynucleotide molecule or the vector in a host cell. The polypeptide has a corresponding function and/or protein activity according to Tables 1A-1C of the specification. The isolated polypeptide comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 389-582, 883-1032, and 1373-1542. The polypeptide is a recombinant polypeptide. The vector further comprises a regulatory sequence operatively linked to the polynucleotide molecule for expression of same in a host cell. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises a carrier and a substrate of the polypeptide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is biomass. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: storing the first and second auxiliary fuels either in a single sub fuel tank (T2), or in separate sub fuel tanks; returning the remainder of the ethanol-blended gasoline fuel from which the first and second auxiliary fuels have been separated, to the main fuel tank; supplying the remainder of the ethanol-blended gasoline fuel from which the first and second auxiliary fuels have been separated, to an internal combustion engine (16), without letting it flow through the main fuel tank; and (c) when the ethanol concentration of the ethanol-blended gasoline fuel stored in the main fuel tank is within a second ethanol concentration range, the ethanol-blended gasoline fuel is separated with a polar separating membrane member or a non-polar separating membrane member, at a second separation temperature to obtain, at the permeation side of the membrane, a second auxiliary fuel that is enriched with the non-aromatic high-volatile gasoline components in comparison with the ethanol-blended gasoline fuel. The polar separating membrane member is provided with a porous base, and a polar coating on the porous bass. Preferred Components: The lower limit and upper limit of the first ethanol concentration ranges are greater than or equal to 1 vol.% and less than or equal to 25 vol.%, respectively. The lower limit and upper limit of the second ethanol concentration ranges are at least 20 vol.% and greater than or equal to 99 vol.%, respectively. The first separation temperature is higher than 95 degrees C and less than or equal to 200 degrees C, and the second separation temperature is 65-95 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In treating livestock waste, the halogen oxidizing chemicals are a mixture of: a compound containing halogenated chlorine bromine or iodine and halogenated derivatives selected from hydantoin, cyanuric acid, chloramine T (sodium p-toluenesulfonylchloramide) organic radicals, peroxides or a combination. The halogenated oxidant chemicals of step (d) are selected from: sodium hypochlorite, chlorine bromine 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin or a mixture of them. Step (d) oxidation is performed in a circuit of at least a cooling tower. The cooling tower is purged and the purge is recycled to step (a) or acidification step (b) vaporization. The acidification of step (a) is performed with sulfuric acid to pH 5.0-5.8. The heat required for vaporization is obtained partially or fully process cogeneration of electricity and heat. Before step (a), cattle manure undergoes anaerobic bio-digestion with subsequent separation of the digested sludge product. The cattle manure substrates or biodigestion aids are added. The sludge separation is accomplished by centrifugation, filtration or decantation. The biogas generated in the biodigester is used as fuel in the cogeneration plant. The fertilizers concentrate obtained in step (b) is dried by heating, to obtain a solid product in powder or agglomerate. The concentrated fertilizer products obtained in step (b) is mixed with the sludge. The steam from the drying is contacted with a dilute acid, preferably sulfuric acid, before its condensation, and the ammonia solution so obtained is recycled to step (a) the acidification or step (b) vaporization. The preparation of dilute acid a part or all of the purge of cooling towers are used. The livestock are cattle liquid manure dejection of pig farms.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal hydride slurry comprises magnesium, magnesium hydride, mineral oil and a dispersant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gasification catalyst comprises: nickel, palladium, platinum, iron, cobalt, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, alkali earth metals and their oxides; dolomite; and/or sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Culture: The co-culture has nucleotide sequence identity of at least 75% to nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO: 2. The co-culture has a nucleotide sequence identity of at least 75% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2, and a nucleotide sequence identity of at least 71% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3. The co-culture includes Clostridium kluyveri. The co-culture includes one or more homoacetogenic microorganisms chosen from C.ljungdahlii, C.ragsdalei, C.authoethanongenum and C.coskatii. The co-culture comprises a mixture of a homoacetogenic microorganism and a butyrogenic microorganism. The homoacetogenic microorganism is cultured in a fermentor until it produces a concentration of ethanol of at least 1 g/l and the butyrogenic microorganism is added to the fermentor to produce the microorganism co-culture. The co-culture has a nucleotide sequence defining a gene for butyryl-CoA acetate transferase. The co-culture has a nucleotide sequence defining a gene for butyryl-CoA acetate transferase and defining a gene for butyrate kinase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The natural lipids for respective water hazard classes 0, 1 and 2, comprise triglycerides of saturated- and/or unsaturated fatty acids having different carbon chain lengths. The liquid gas fuel of water hazard class 2 comprises aliphatic- and aromatic and optionally saturated carbons in different chain lengths. Preferred Composition: The fuel further comprises additives comprising carboxylic acid esters, aliphatic nitrate compounds, isobutylene, succinimide and/or polymers; and an organic- or inorganic dye, where for different water hazard classes different organic or inorganic dyes for adjusting a different color coding of the water hazard classes, are provided. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The fuel cell system has a fuel cell stack for producing electricity by electrochemical reaction, a mechanical balance of plant for supplying fuel to the fuel cell stack, and an electrical balance of plant for converting generated electricity to electric power. The power demanding source is a weather observation unit. The secondary battery is lithium secondary battery or lithium-air and sodium sulfur battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises titanium dioxide, preferably titanium dioxide-alumina mixed support impregnated with ruthenium. The range of the applied voltage is 6-11 kV. Preferred Method: The method comprises reacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide at 240-300 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Catalyst containing titanium dioxide, preferably titanium dioxide-alumina mixed support impregnated with ruthenium was filled between the inner wall of the quartz tube and the stainless steel rod, the outer wall of the quartz tube was wrapped with copper foil. Te synthetic gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen were preheated in a mixing chamber using a heating mantle, the synthetic gas was supplied into the catalytic reactor to activate low temperature plasma at room temperature with hydrogen flow rate of 150 cm3/minute under carbon monoxide atmospheric pressure of 50 cm3/minute to synthesize methane from the synthetic gas, 6-11 kV voltage was applied to the stainless steel rod with alternating current of 1 kHz to generate plasma, when copper foil was in earthed state, the catalyst was activated using the generated plasma, and then synthesized by heating within the catalytic reactor at 240-300 degrees C for 6 hours using the heating mantle to obtain methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Plants: The vegetable oil is soybean oil, peanut, palm, sunflower, castor, cotton, canola, Crambe, Jatropha, palm oil, moriche palm, andiroba, pracaxi or murumuru oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first fuel composition comprises 20-80 wt.%, preferably 20-50 wt.% waste wood powder and the second fuel composition comprises 20-80 wt.% mixed waste plastic. The second fuel composition comprises 20-40 wt.% mixed waste plastic and 30-40 wt.% sewage and manure sludge. Preferred Method: The method comprises mixing 15-99 wt.% first fuel composition and 1-85 wt.% second fuel composition. The step (b) comprises (i) crushing the composite waste plastic and primarily removing metal component by a magnetic separator; (ii) screening obtained composite plastic waste with specific gravity of less than 0.1 through a wind separator; and (iii) crushing the screened composite plastic waste and secondarily removing the metal component by magnetic separator. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The fuel cell is molten carbonate fuel cell. Preferred System: The fuel cell further comprises control unit, where the control unit for supplying the fuel to the hydrogen generator and monitoring the demand state of hydrogen for lowering fuel utilization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The internal cooling tube passes through the catalyst layer. The coolant is saturated water having a temperature of 250-300 degrees C. The reactor comprises an external cooling tube to flow coolant to a reactor body outer wall surrounding the reactor body. The external cooling tube comprises a coolant supply part and a coolant discharge part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pretreating of the citrus pomace biomass is performed using a hydroheater at the high temperature of 130-180 degrees C and the high pressure of 5-9 kg/cm2. Preferred Components: The cellulose degrading microorganisms are of genus Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptomyces or Cellulomonas. EXAMPLE - The waste obtained from the citrus juice production plant after citrus juice production was subjected to primary and secondary extrusion process to obtain citrus pomace. To the obtained citrus pomace (1 kg) water was added and pretreated using hydroheater at a pressure 5-9 kg/cm2 and at a temperature of 130-180 degrees C. Then high-pressure steam was through the injection nozzles of the hydroheater for a short period of time. Then the pretreated citrus pomace was subjected to cellulase degradation at a cellulase concentration of 1-4 wt.% at 45-55 degrees C at a pH 3.5-5 for 1.5-8 hours, followed by centrifugation at a speed of 7000-10000 rpm, and separation of the precipitate and the supernatant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The higher calorific power methane synthesis catalyst is obtained from the metal precursor comprising the metal element, which is iron, cobalt, zirconium, cerium or gallium. The metal support is aluminum metal oxide support. The higher calorific power methane synthesis catalyst is supplied in the range of 2.5-3 for synthesis gas (hydrogen/carbon monoxide) in the methanation. Preferred Process: The process of manufacturing the catalyst, further comprises: drying the catalyst in an oven at 100-300 degrees C or less for 22-24 hours and calcining at 300-700 degrees C; and reducing the calcined catalyst in hydrogen atmosphere at 280-700 degrees C. EXAMPLE - 3 g Of aluminum metal oxide support, 3.06 g of nickel nitrate hexahydrate and 0.47 g of cerium nitrate hexahydrate were dissolved in 60 ml of deionized water, mixed and stirred at 60 degrees C for more than 6 hours, water was removed by reduced pressure distillation apparatus. Dried at 105 degrees C for more than 12 hours, then calcined at 500 degrees C in air atmosphere for 5 hours to produce nickel cerium/aluminum metal oxide catalyst with 20 wt.% of nickel and 5 wt.% of cerium based on aluminum trioxide and the catalyst had specific surface area of 122.9 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkali constituent is SO2 sorbent (preferably limestone, lime or sodium base alkali, more preferably slaked lime). The biomass constituent is wood waste. The SO2 sorbent is Ca(OH)2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Pellet: The fuel pellet comprises at least one surfactant incorporated in the alkali constituent. The biomass constituent includes a volatile to increase the combustibility of the petroleum coke. The alkali constituent is processed to increase surface area of the alkali constituent, where processing includes grinding the alkali constituent, and where the increased surface area captures an increased amount of SO2. The particle size of petroleum coke is minimized. The fuel pellet comprises 10-50 wt.% of biomass constituent; 1-30 wt.% of SO2 sorbent; 50-90 wt.% petroleum coke; and 2-4 wt.% of Fe2O3. The fuel pellet is in the form of one of briquette, powder and bead. The Fe2O3 catalyzes a reaction between CaO and SO2. The Fe2O3 catalyzes a reaction between CaO and SO2, and Ca(OH)2 is a sorbent to capture SO2 emissions. EXAMPLE - A fuel pellet comprising 74 wt.% of carbon; 505 wt.% of hydrogen; up to 5.5 wt.% of sulfur; 0.83 wt.% of nitrogen; 0.94 wt.% of oxygen was prepared having 16.8 wt.% of ash content and high British Thermal Unit (BTU) content of 12000 lb; and 42 wt.% of volatiles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: In the system: the co-substrate comprises at least one of blood meal and sweet clover, where the co-substrate co-digests with the substrate and provides nitrogen and nutrients missing from digestion that prevent inhibiting substances from affecting methanogenesis, and co-digestion of the at least one of blood meal and sweet clover balances a protein and amino acid profile within the anaerobic digester device and supplies additional plant nutrients to the anaerobic digester device; and waste material comprises at least one of manure and dairy manure. The system further comprises: ammonia recovered in an ammonia recovery process from a liquid fraction; ammonia stabilized and captured using an acid resulting in a high concentration ammonia liquid product or high ammonium salt, where salt comprises a pelletized or granulated product depending on the acid used for the stabilization and the capture. The system further comprises: at least one of blood meal and sweet clover overcoming inhibitory materials produced during digestion in the anaerobic digester device by decreasing an organic load within the digester and yielding an increased amount of methane, biomass, and ammonia; and generated ammonia from an anaerobic biodegradation of dairy manure using blood meal and sweet clover co-substrates, where moles of protein of the blood meal are derived by proportioning a protein concentrations of the substrate and the blood meal and sweet clover co-substrates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing piling and fermentation process for 38-42 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The preparation of the fertilizer, involves (a) mixing beans, bran, waste orange, tea tree branch, and garlic, pulverizing mixture, and mixing the mixture, (b) mixing fulvic acid and maifanite mixture, grinding the mixture into a paste by adding suitable amount water, adding borax and zinc sulfate into the paste, grinding the mixture for 5-10 minutes, and obtaining mixture, (c) mixing the mixture obtained ion step (a) and (b), mixing the mixture to obtain slurry, adding emulsifying agent and other remainder raw materials into the mixture, stirring the mixture, sealing the mixture, performing anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days under room temperature, and turning the mixture once for every 4-5 days, and (d) completing the fermentation, drying the mixture, and granulating the mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate-type biomass is prepared by preparing fatty acid alkanolamide and performing propyl chemical reaction. Preferred Component: The fatty acid ester is lauric acid methyl ester, palmitic methyl ester or methyl stearate. The formula of fatty acid methyl ester is CnH2n+1COOCH3, where n is 11 to 17. Preferred Method: The fatty acid alkanolamide is prepared by reacting fatty acid methyl ester and diethanolamine at mass ratio of 1:1.05-1:1.15, mixing, adding 0.6-0.6 wt.% sodium hydroxide as catalyst, heating at 110-130 degrees C under oil bath for 4-6 hours, evaporating and drying. The propyl chemical reaction is done by dissolving propane in tetrahydrofuran, mixing, adding alkanolamide and propane sultone at mass ratio of 1.02:2-1.05-2, adding fatty acid alkanolamide, dissolving using magnetic rotor, adding 1.0-1.5 wt.% sodium hydroxide, refluxing, stirring for 12-16 hours and drying. Refluxing is done at 66 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active metal is zinc or magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acetylating agent is acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride. The catalyst is 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Preferred Process: The elution is performed using mixture comprising ethyl acetate and oil in the molar ratio of 1:0.5-2 or mixture comprising ethyl acetate and dichloromethane in the molar ratio of 1:3-9. The acidic solvent is hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The anti-heavy stubble preparation (A) is preferably composed of mixed raw materials comprising 35-50 pts. wt. potassium fulvate, 10-15 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, 10-15 pts. wt. magnesium sulfate, 5-8 pts. wt. sodium octaborate, 7-10 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 20-30 pts. wt. B. subtilis, 15-25 pts. wt. B. cereus, 20-30 pts. wt. green Trichoderma microbial inoculum, 2-5 pts. wt. composite amino acid powder, 0.1-0.5 pts. wt. indolebutyric acid, 80 pts. wt. potassium humate, 100 pts. wt. urea, and 40-50 pts. wt. calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (a): 2-diethyl allylmalonate is added at 20-40 degrees C for 0.5-4 hours; and 1-bromo-2-methylpropane is added at 20-40 degrees C and the reaction reflux time is 10-30 hours. The step (b) is performed at 84-110 degrees C for 4-6 hours. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of 2-diethyl allylmalonate, sodium ethoxide and 1-bromo-2-methylpropane in step (a) is 1:1.2-1.8:1-1.3. The concentration of sodium in the aqueous ethanol of sodium ethoxide/ethanol system is 5-20%. In the step (b): the molar ratio of 2-isobutyl-2-diethyl allylmalonate, sodium ethoxide and urea is 1:1.5-2.5:1.8-3.5; and the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 10-35% and the pH is 2-6. In step (c): the volume ratio of ethanol and water in the aqueous ethanol solution is 1:1-10; and the mass ratio of aqueous ethanol and crude butalbital is 5-30:1 and the activated carbon adding amount is 5-15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The condensation reaction is carried out using catalyst including copper, cuprous bromide, cuprous iodide, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, tetrakis(triphenyl phosphine) palladium, dichlorobis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene palladium dichloride or tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium. Preferred Components: The catalyst is preferably palladium on carbon, Raney nickel, palladium hydroxide on carbon or carbon molybdenum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises performing reduction reaction of (IV) with reducing agent including iron, zinc, tin, powder, hydrazine hydrate or hydrogen to obtain (V). The cyclization reaction is carried out using acid-binding agent including triethylamine, pyridine, N-methyl morpholine, diisopropylethylamine or 4-dimethyl amino pyridine. Preferred Components: The mole ratio of (III) and (II) is 1:0.5-1.5. The mole ratio (VI) and (V) is 1:0.5-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Condensation reaction catalyst is copper, cuprous bromide, cuprous iodide, palladium, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphino)palladium, dichloro-bis(triphenylphosphino)palladium, (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)dichloropalladium, or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. Reducing agent is iron, zinc, tin, hydrosulfite, hydrazine, or hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio 2-X-substituted nitrobenzene:2,4-dimethylthiophenol is 1:0.5-1.5. Molar ratio 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylsulfanyl)aniline:di(2-Y1-substituted)ethylamine is 1:0.5-2, and cyclization reaction acid-binding agent is triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine, diisopropylethylamine, or 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Molar ratio 2-X-substituted aniline:2,4-dimethylthiophenol is 1:0.5-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stationary phase is cellulose tris phenyl carbamate chiral column, and coated carrier body of aminopropyl silica produced from Japanese Fuji company, where the mass ratio of cellulose tris phenyl carbamate and aminopropyl silica, is 1:4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethanol mobile phase is ethanol/diethylamine, is (100/0.1, vol/vol.). Preferred Method: The method comprises dissolving omeprazole in ethanol while performing simulated moving bed chromatographic resolution, where the concentration while dissolving, is 10-40 mg/ml. There are 4-8 simulated moving beds in columns, where chromatographic column is divided into 4 regions and each area consists of 1-2 columns connected in series. The sample liquid up flow rate is 0.7-1.36 ml/minute, the eluent flow rate (UE), is 4.39-4.87 ml/minute, raffinate liquid flow rate (UR), is 1.6-2.27 ml/minute, extracting liquid flow rate (UX), is 3.29-3.99 ml/minute, and the switching time (Ts), is 0-10 minutes. The simulated moving bed operating temperature is 20-25 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Inorganic oxidizing agent is sodium hypochlorite containing 4-5% chlorine in which sodium hypochlorite solution is 3-5 times weight of omeprazole. Aqueous inorganic alkali solution is aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with 12.5 mass% concentration and amount is 10-15 times weight of omeprazole sulfide complex. Inorganic magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, or magnesium chloride pentahydrate, preferably dehydrated magnesium chloride with amount 0.9-1.1 times weight of omeprazole sulfide complex.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Chiral ligand is D-diethyl tartrate, catalyst is tetraisopropyl titanate, organic solvent is butyl acetate, or acetic acid n-pentyl ester. Chiral ligand is 0.2-2 equivalent weight of omeprazole sulfide complex, catalyst is 0.2-2 equivalent weight of omeprazole sulfide complex, organic solvent is 3-6 times weight of omeprazole sulfide complex, and water is 0.5-1 wt.% of omeprazole sulfide complex. Preferred Processes: Reaction system is further added with water. Reaction system is added with phase transfer catalyst in oxidation process in which phase transfer catalyst is benzyltriethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bisulfate, or dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride and amount is 0.1-5 wt.% of omeprazole sulfide complex. Aqueous inorganic alkali solution layer is prepared by adding organic solvent, regulating pH to 6.5-7 using acid solution, discharging organic solvent layer, extracting aqueous inorganic alkali solution, and repeating multiple times until purified esomeprazole inorganic salt is obtained in which organic solvent is butyl acetate or acetic acid n-pentyl ester which is 3-5 times weight of omeprazole sulfide complex and acid solution is hydrochloric acid solution. Preferred Conditions: Oxidation reaction temperature is 0-12 degrees C and time is 3-4 hours.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: At least a portion of the heat energy produced by the oxidative coupling reaction is recovered as steam and utilized in the facility. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation is carried out by:(A) adding alpha -tropine and chloroform into dry flask, refluxing, slowly dropping ethyl for 5 hours, continuously refluxing for 3 hours, and evaporating chloroform under reduced pressure to obtain N-ethoxycarbonyl tropine (I);(B) adding dicyclohexyl carbodiimide and dichloromethane into another dry flask, slowly dropping and 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine catalyst, ice-cooling, stirring to room temperature for 2 hours, filtering to remove solid and obtain liquid product;(C) slowly dropping compound (I) at room temperature, stirring for 3 hours, adding methylene chloride, washing organic layer with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid, stratifying, drying organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate, removing water, and evaporating solvent to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain N-ethoxycarbonyl diphenyl glycolic acid ester tropine solid product (II); and(D) adding to another flask, mixing with ammonium formate and palladium on carbon catalyst, refluxing with methanol for 8 hours, filtering, recovering catalyst, evaporating methanol under reduced pressure, adding chloroform and purified water, stratifying, evaporating chloroform under reduced pressure, adding acetonitrile, and cooling to 0-5 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali solution is sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or ammonium hydroxide. Rearrangement reagent is methanesulfonyl chloride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or benzenesulfonyl chloride. Reducing agent is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Erythrocin A9-oxime is prepared by reacting erythromycin A9- thiocyanate with halogenated hydrocarbon, adding alkali solution, and concentrating. Preferred Components: Halogenated hydrocarbon is methylene dichloride or trichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method for preparing the fermented complex fertilizer which involves uniformly mixing and crushing Brachypudum, ligusticum, and nux vomica, mixing and crushing bamboo carbon, peanut shell, rice hull, edible fungi bran and mixing with the crushed mixture, adding EM microbial inoculum and water (suitable quantity), stacking and fermenting the mixture for 2-3 days, where the stacked mixture is turned for 2-3 days, until the fermentation material is completely decomposed, removing the bag film and mixing the mixture with the above-prepared mixture, heating the obtained mixture at 80-90 degrees C and adding the coating agent, and uniformly stirring and granulating the obtained product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The hydrothermal organic material conversion process is a hydrothermal carbonization process. At least a part of the second component returned to the fermenter is mixed with biomass in the fermenter in a ratio of 20% or less by weight relative to the biomass. Treating process water further involves feeding at least a part of the first component to a waste water treatment plant; supplying biomass from a waste water treatment plant to the fermenter; and feeding at least a part of water obtained in the dewatering step to a waste water treatment plant. The second separation step involves a membrane filtering step using a membrane filter comprising a dense membrane. Membrane filtering step is a reverse osmosis filtering step using a reverse osmosis membrane filter. The method also involves returning a part of the second component to the hydrothermal organic material conversion process. Preferred Composition: A ratio of chemical oxygen demand to 5-day biological oxygen demand in the first component is less than 2.5. Preferred Device: The second separation unit comprises a membrane filter comprising a dense membrane. The dense membrane is a reverse osmosis membrane. The apparatus further comprises a second recirculation unit for returning a part of the second component to the hydrothermal conversion unit. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: Pseudomonas strain is cultured in 1g/l of culture medium containing polyvinyl alcohol 1799 for 7 days. Preferred Composition: Culture medium comprises (in g/l): polyvinyl alcohol 17991, yeast powder (1), peptone (1), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1.6), dipotassium phosphate (0.02), ammonium sulfate (0.5), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.02), calcium chloride (0.064), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.1) and sodium chloride (0.02).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Chlorophenol is biodegraded by innoculating A. tabescens in fermentation culture medium at 24-29 degrees C for 5-10 days at speed of 100-160 rpm for cell disruption, filtering, and taking supernatant which is crude enzyme solution in which fermentation culture medium contains 10-30 g/L glucose, 10-20 g/L peptone, 1-10 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), 0.5-2 g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O), 1-5 g/L ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), 10-30 g/L corn powder, and water as solvent with pH of 5.5-6.5. Preferred Compositions: Initial concentration of chlorophenol compound in wastewater is 60-120 mg/L and amount of crude enzyme solution added to A. tabescens laccase is 20-70 U/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The application method comprises fixing at least one molecule capable of fixing the element at a bottom of the container, depositing a solution, which is suitable to determine the presence and/or dosing the amount of element, adding the biotin grafted with the molecule consisting of a molecule to the solution, adding an enzyme capable of fixing the biotin, then a substrate of the enzyme capable of coloring the solution, and finally a reagent to stop the enzymatic reaction to the solution, and determining the presence of the element by colorimetric measurement. The application method comprises fixing at least one molecule capable of fixing biotin at a bottom of the container, depositing a solution, which is suitable to determine the presence and/or dosing the amount of element, adding at least two molecules of biotin grafted with at least one molecule consisting of the molecule to the solution, adding an enzyme capable of fixing the biotin, then a substrate of the enzyme capable of coloring the solution, and finally a reagent to stop the enzymatic reaction to the solution, and determining the presence of the element by colorimetric measurement. The step of determining the presence of the element by colorimetric measurement is performed by reading the optical density. Preferred Components: The molecule fixed at the bottom of the container is a streptavidin or an avidin. The enzyme is an avidin-peroxidase or streptavidin peroxidase. The kit further includes a passivation solution for microwell plates, a sampling material, a buffer solution, and/or documentary elements relating to the use of the kit from a technical point of view and/or safe.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The element is uranium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The container is a well of a multiwell plate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation process is performed at room temperature and ambient pressure. The method further involves adding alkaline sample to the culture medium, where the alkaline sample comprises sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide in a ratio of 1:4-1:8. The method further involves performing neutralizing using phosphoric acid (pH 8-9). The culturing process is performed at 15-35 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Components: The culture medium in step (a) comprises 1-10 g sodium nitrate. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The heating process is carried out at 220-350 degrees C for 5-60 minutes. An acidic catalyst is added to the reaction solvent. Preferred Composition: The polyhydric alcohol is sorbitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the step (a), the biomass raw material is cut or crushed into uniformly size of 10-100 mm. The hydrolyzate is filtered through microfiltration membrane having pore size of 1-10 mu m at 0.01 MPa and obtained hydrolyzate is purified and concentrated. The method involves concentrating the filtrate through ultrafiltration membrane having pore size of 1000-10000 Dalton at 0.01 MPa, separating and purifying obtained concentrate, and subjecting obtained filtrate to two-phase nanofiltration process using nanofilter membrane having pore size of 1 nm at 0.1 MPa to obtain final concentrate. The method involves recovering or recycling effluents generated during the concentration and filtration process. The sterilization is performed at 150-200 degrees C for 3-5 hours. The sterilized product is freeze-dried at 5-10 degrees C for 15-20 days. Preferred Component: The plant biomass comprises at least one of food waste, sewage/wastewater or microbial decomposed waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) adding Bacillus subtilis, B.megaterium, short spore Bacillus and B.licheniformis activation to upper nutrient agar culture medium, culturing for 24 hours, inoculating large single colony to nutrient juice culture medium, culturing at 270 degrees C and 170 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 18 hours to obtain seed liquid, where the nutrient agar culture medium comprises 3 g beef extract, 10 g peptone, 5 g sodium chloride, 15-20 g agar and 1000 ml distilled water (pH 7-7.2), sterilizing medium at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes, where the nutrient broth culture medium comprises 3 g beef extract, 10 g peptone, 5 g sodium chloride and 1000 ml distilled water (pH 7-7.2), (b) inoculating B.subtilis and B.licheniformis seed liquid into culture medium, culturing medium (I) at 28 degrees C and 170 rpm for 24 hours to obtain bacterial liquid (I), where the culture medium (I) comprises 20 g/l corn powder, 6 g/l yeast extract, 2 g/l monopotassium phosphate, 0.2 g/l ferrous sulfate, 0.05 g/l zinc sulfate, 0.5 g/l manganese sulfate, 0.3 g/l magnesium sulfate, 5 g/l sodium citrate and water (remainder), (c) inoculating B.megatherium and short spore Bacillus seed liquid into to culture medium (II), culturing medium at 170 rpm for 24 hours to obtain bacterial liquid II, where the culture medium (II) comprises 15 g/l corn flour, 20 g/l soybean flour, 6 g/l calcium carbonate, 3 g/l dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 g/l potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g/l magnesium sulfate, 2 g/l yeast extract, 1 g/l manganese sulfate, 0.1 g/l ferrous sulfate, 5 g/l sodium citrate and water (remainder), and (d) mixing bacteria liquids (I) and (II), and adding water to dilute of 100 times volume to obtain mixed bacteria liquid. The turf powder is humic acid peat powder. The content of the alginic acid content is more than 10%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The composite contains 10-90% diatomite and 90-10% fulvic acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The animal protein is fish meal, shrimp powder or maggot. The plant protein is soybeans, cypress or cotton seed. MECHANISM OF ACTION - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Synthesis of 4-methyl-2-hydrazino benzothiazole further involves introducing 4-methyl-2-amino-benzothiazole, deionized water, and hydrochloric acid into reaction vessel, adding 1-5 %mass emulsifier, reacting at temperature of 130-170 degrees C for 4-35 hours, cooling the reacted mixture to room temperature, filtering, and vacuum-drying. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 4-methyl-2-amino-benzothiazole with respect to hydrazine hydrate used during the synthesis of 4-methyl-2-hydrazino benzothiazole is 1:1.1-2. The molar ratio of 4-methyl-2-amino-benzothiazole with respect to hydrochloric acid used during the synthesis of 4-methyl-2-hydrazino benzothiazole is 1:1-1.3. The emulsifier is non-ionic emulsifier or anionic emulsifier. The non-ionic emulsifier is chosen from alkylphenol ether, alkylphenol ethoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, and polyethylene glycol. The anionic emulsifier is chosen from polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether sulfate and alkyl benzene sulfonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The porous substrate is made of yttrium doped zirconia, scandium doped zirconia, strontium-gallium-lanthanum doped magnesium oxide and silver doped oxide. The water-soluble inorganic salt is chosen from chloride, bromide, nitrate and sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The complexing agent is chosen from urea, organic acid, organic acid salt, carboxylic acid and amidogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer is human manure or poultry and livestock manure processed through fermentation. The mushroom fermentation fertilizer is mushroom fermented manure. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 10:30:20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace element fertilizer includes calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium molybdate and borax in weight ratio of 3:6:10:3:5:20:20:3. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant growth stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic fertilizer component further comprises element including 0.05-20 wt.% of magnesium, 0.05-20 wt.% of sulfur, 0.0001-1 wt.% of boron, 0.0001-1 wt.% of zinc and/or 0.0001-1 wt.% of copper. The magnesium element is magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride or potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer. The sulfur element is magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate or potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer. The boron element is borax, boric acid or boric magnesium fertilizer. The zinc element is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, zinc chloride or zinc chelate fertilizer. The copper element is water soluble copper compound, copper sulfate pentahydrate or copper chelate fertilizer. The calcium is furnace slag, limestone, dolomite or calcined product of calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide. The inorganic fertilizer further comprises ammonium and sodium. The weight ratio of N:P2O5:K2O:Ca:Mo is 7-12:5-10:8-13:0.02-0.05:0.0001-0.02.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer component comprises 1-5 wt.% of sulfur amino acid composite, 1-8 wt.% of humate or peat soil, and/or 1-10 wt.% of fermented organic material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal iodide is potassium iodide or silver iodide, preferably potassium iodide. The amount of metal iodide is 1-5 wt.%, preferably 3-5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase transfer catalyst is benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutyl ammonium chloride, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, and/or tetrabutyl ammonium bisulfate, preferably tetrabutyl ammonium bromide. The amount phase transfer catalyst is 1-5 wt.%, preferably 1-.5 2 wt.%. The mass ratio of phase transfer catalyst and metal iodide is 1:2-3. Preferred Method: The reaction with catalyst is carried out at 90-100 degrees C for 3-3.5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: In treating organic waste, the SRT is 11-24 days, preferably 15 days. The pH is 5.0-6.0, preferably 5.5. The first phase reactor is supplied with an inert gas. The inert gas is nitrogen or argon. The process further involves establishing a population of sulfate reducing bacteria in the first phase reactor to convert sulfate into hydrogen sulfide; and reacting part of the hydrogen sulfide with a metal or a metal ion native to the waste water to generate a metal sulfide precipitate. Part or all the hydrogen sulfide is removed from the first reactor in gaseous form. The hydrogen sulfide is removed by a chemical or biological scrubber. The hydraulic retention time is fixed, the organic loading rate (OLR) of the first phase reactor is 0.5-2 g COD/g MLSS.L.d, preferably 1-1.5 g COD/g MLSS.L.d. The organic waste has an initial COD/SO42 ratio of 10:1-2:1, preferably 5:1-3:1. The organic waste comprises biodegradeable solids. The organic waste is a sludge, food waste, oily waste, solid waste with a high organic content or any combination. The sludge is a waste sludge or a secondary sludge. The first phase reactor is primarily an acidogenic reactor. The second phase reactor is primarily a methanogenic reactor or is a single stage anaerobic reactor. The first phase reactor is operated with a hydraulic retention time of 1.25-5 days. The second reactor is operated at a pH of 6.5-7.9, preferably 7.1. The first and second reactors further comprise pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and temperature controllers. Preferred Plant: The waste treatment plant is a wastewater treatment plant. Preferred System: In the reactor system, the first phase reactor is primarily an acidogenic reactor. The second phase reactor is primarily a methanogenic reactor or is a single stage anaerobic reactor. The first and second phase reactors further comprise pH, ORP and temperature controllers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Fermentation is done at room ventilation intensity of 40 L/min.m3 for days 1-10 and at 20 L/min.m3 for days 6-25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate is ( alpha )-cyclopentyl-( alpha )-phenyl-( alpha )-hydroxy acid-N-methyl-pyrrolidone ester. The organic solvent is toluene, tert-butyl methyl ether, isopropanol, propanol and/or butanone. The polar solvent is propanol or ketone. The organic solution is methanol, propanol and/or ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The halogenated alkyl is methyl bromide or chloride. The inert gas is nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The liquid agent is fulvic acid for accelerating composting process. The apparatus has a bucket, preferably wheel loader. The transport control system is pump. The apparatus has spray tank in a position higher than spraying nozzle unit by providing valve in middle of the above-mentioned piping and transport control system. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive (C) is sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (A) is pyridine, 1,4-dioxane, dimethylformamide and/or formamide. The additive (B) is iodine or bromine. The mass ratio of hesperidin and solvent (A) is 1:4-1:8. The mass ratio of hesperidin and additive (B) is 1:0.01-1:0.05. The mass ratio of hesperidin and additive (C) is 1:0.03-1:0.1. The solvent (S) is 5-30% sodium hydroxide, 5-30% potassium hydroxide solution, methanol, ethanol or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) comprises selecting first reaction option or step (b2) as above per se. The water temperature is 10-100 degrees C, preferably 50-100 degrees C. The dissolved and hydrolyzed nitrocellulose propellant produces a monosaccharide. Preferred Components: The strong bases consist of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The sulfur based bulk reductant is replaced with hydrogen sulfide, iron sulfide, zero-valent iron, or a mixture of reduced iron and activated carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent of the first reaction is water miscible organic solvents, including acetone, alcohols (both preferred), and dimethyl sulfide. The alcohols are ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or methanol. The organic cosolvent (optionally used in the second option) is binary and mixed solvents consisting of water and organic solvent. The cosolvent is: an aqueous solution of strong bases with organic solvent and similar; and water or an aqueous solution plus at least one organic solvent in the same solution. The acid for dropping the pH is hydrogen sulfide, acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, or glycolic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Cel-KG35 endo-glucanase is derived from ruminant stomach microorganism of black goat. Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 963 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The heating unit has a solar condensing plate (102) for condensing heat from sun, a heat transfer unit (104) for transferring heat from the solar condensing plate into the reactor, and a temperature holding unit (106) for maintaining constant temperature in the reactor. The reactor has a stirring unit with a first agitator and a second agitator at upper and lower portions of the reactor internally to prevent mixing of sludge and mixture of excrement and the microorganisms. Preferred Method: The device optimum temperature maintaining step comprises condensing heat from the sun via the solar condensing plate, passing the condensed heat energy to the temperature holding unit via the heat transfer unit, and maintaining optimum temperature in the reactor using thermal energy from the temperature holding unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Cel-KG52 cellulase protein is derived from ruminant stomach microorganism of black goat. Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 1557 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Cel10-KG42 endo-xylanase is derived from ruminant stomach microorganism of black goat. Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 1107 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Cel-KG24 endo-glucanase is derived from ruminant stomach microorganism of black goat. Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 1389 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Cel-KG20 cellulase protein is derived from ruminant stomach microorganism of black goat.Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 1740 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fungal biomass is processed with yeast extract (10g/l), peptone (20g/l), dextrose (20g/l) and agar (20g/l) in a slant at 4 degrees C and then the materials are subcultured every three months with other microorganism i.e. Aureobasidium pullulans or bacteria, yeast or other filamentous fungus in a Petri plate for 96 hours at 28 degrees C in a bacteriological incubator to obtain microbial cells. The microbial cells are transferred to Neubauer chamber to obtain cell suspension having 107 cells/ml. Botryosphaeria is provided as a source of substrate for solid or submerged fermentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): The endoxylanase protein is derived from the ruminant stomach microorganism of a C.aegagrus subsp. hircus. Preferred Gene: The gene comprises a 1311 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The measuring step is carried out using a UV-visible (VIS) spectrophotometer at 200-400 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The Chlorella sp. strain is isolated from Arctic ocean. Preferred Strain: The Chlorella sp. strain ArM29B (KCTC 12331BP). Preferred Method: The strain is cultured at 4-36 degrees C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: feeding the biomass slurry into a screw press; introducing steam into the biomass slurry; preconditioning the biomass slurry by extracting a non-targeted substance from the biomass slurry; an anaerobic digestion pre-processing operation; and venting carbon dioxide from the reaction chamber to maintain the amount of added oxygen within the reaction chamber at 0.1-10% of COD. The preconditioning step comprises soaking the biomass with water at 60-90 degrees C. The stream of steam is at a temperature of 110-260 degrees C. Preferred Components: The content of the biomass slurry is 25-55 wt.%, preferably 30-50 wt.%. The non-targeted substance comprises xylan, xylose, cellulose, and salts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The marine by-product comprises trace element including magnesium, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, boron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, cobalt, chromium, iodine, nickel, fluorine, vanadium, tin and silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The marine by-product does not contain salt content. The fermented marine feed comprises 5-20 wt.% of marine by-product and 80-95 wt.% of organic compound. The organic compound is fowl droppings, sawdust or rice straw. The marine compost comprises less than 5 wt.% of charcoal-containing material. Preferred Method: The method comprises controlling moisture content in the marine by-product to 60-70%, centrifuging the marine by-product and then processing in a seawater desalinator to remove salinity, harvesting the stabilized marine algae and then washing with fresh water, filtering the obtained product to remove suspended material and then evaporating, adding organic compound with the filtered material and then adding anaerobic strain to culture at 35~60 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Impurities from wet-process phosphoric acid is removed by performing centrifugal or pressure filtration, and obtaining phosphoric acid. Reaction intermediate (c1) is prepared by adding phosphoric acid into groove, heating at 40-90 degrees C under stirring, adding carboxamide, and reacting with phosphoric acid. The obtained intermediate is crystallized, cooled to less than 50 degrees C in cooling tank, centrifuged, filtered, and filter cake is retained as intermediate (c2). The intermediate (c2) supplied into synthesis groove, potassium hydroxide is added, such that the molar ratio of intermediate and potassium hydroxide is 1-1.2:1, stirred, potassium dihydrogen phosphate slurry is obtained, cooled, crystallized, crystal is separated by centrifuging, and filtered, to obtain potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Preferred Composition: The concentration of wet-process phosphoric acid is 15-75 %mass. The potassium hydroxide is replaced by potassium carbonate. The molar ratio intermediate and potassium carbonate is 2-2.05:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate (c1) is urea phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 10-40 wt.%, preferably 20 wt.% Bacillus BC39 bacterial powder, 20-40 wt.%, preferably 30 wt.% peat soil, 30-50 wt.%, preferably 40 wt.% humic acid, 5-10 wt.%, preferably 8.5 wt.% fertilizer and 0.5-5 wt.%, preferably 1.5 wt.% auxiliary agent. The fertilizer comprises 60 hundred million/g of viable bacteria, and has organic matter content of more than 39%. Preferred Components: The Bacillus is B.licheniformis, where the bacterial powder comprises more than 300 hundred million/g of viable bacterial colonies. The peat soil has water content of not greater than 5% and organic matter content of more than 30%. The humic acid has water content of not greater than 5% and organic matter content of more than 75%. The micro-fertilizer comprises ammonium tungstate, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate, where the water content of the micro-fertilizer is not greater than 3%. The auxiliary agent is lignin M9. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic weak alkali as catalyst includes sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and/or potassium bicarbonate. The amount of inorganic weak alkali as catalyst is 5-6 eq.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of ( beta )-phenyl ethyl bromide is 1.1-1.3 eq. The polar aprotic solvent includes dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide. The volume of polar aprotic solvent is 10-15 times of volume of caffeic acid. The polar organic solvent includes petroleum ether, cyclohexane and/or toluene. The amount of polar organic solvent is 5-10 vol.%. Preferred Process: The crude product is processed using leaching liquid at 0-10/, washed, and recycled.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The catalyst is neutral alkali potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate used in an amount 0.1-0.8 times the weight of 3-hydroxy-amantadine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The raw material is 1-(chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or 1-(bromoacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile, preferably 1-(bromoacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (provides high yield). 3-Hydroxy-amantadine is dissolved in 5-10 times, preferably 8 times dichloromethane. The catalyst is phase-transfer catalyst, preferably tetrabutylammonium bromide used in an amount 0.01-0.2 times the weight of 3-hydroxy-amantadine. Preferred Conditions: Catalyst is slowly added to the aqueous solution in 2-4 hours at 10 degrees C or less, and reaction is carried out at 10-30 degrees C for 4-16 hours. Crude product is added to 95% ethanol solution, 6-12 times hot anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to 2/3 volume of ethanol, cooled to 10 degrees C or less, and crystallized.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal catalyst is copper powder or iron powder. The inert atmosphere is argon atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere. The inorganic base is chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide. The base is preferably chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide and triethylamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The catalyzed coupling reaction is carried out under inert atmosphere in presence of organic solvent and base. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of metal catalyst and 2-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (III) is 0.1:1-1:1. The molar ratio of mono-substituted amine (IV) and 2-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (III) is 1:1-3:1. The organic solvent is chosen from benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, ether, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile and ester solvent, preferably toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and propyl acetate. The alkali is organic base or inorganic base. The organic base is chosen from triethylamine, pyridine, quinoline or diisopropylethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of oxidizing agent with respect to (E)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-2-methoxyimino acetate is 30-50 wt.%. The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide. The content of hydrogen peroxide is 27.5 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of initiator with respect to (E)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-2-methoxyimino acetate is 3-6 wt.%. The initiator is azobisisobutyrynitrile or benzoyl peroxide. The weight ratio of carbon tetrachloride and (E)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-2-methoxyimino acetate is 8-13:1. The molar ratio of liquid bromine and (E)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-2-methoxyimino acetate is 1.1-1.6:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 2-bromo-4-methyl-thiazole-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and Grignard reagent (II) is 1-1.3:1. The molar ratio of 5-halo-2-isobutoxy-benzamide and active metal is 1:1.1-5. The initiator is iodine, 1,2-dibromoethane or iodide. The weight ratio of 5-halo-2-isobutoxy-benzamide and initiator is 20-200:1. Preferred Process: The method further involves using aprotic solvent chosen from tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and benzene and proton reagent chosen from 1 wt.% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and 10 wt.% aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The Grignard reagent (II) is obtained by reacting 5-halo-2-isobutoxy-benzamide of formula (III) and active metal in presence of initiator.
EXAMPLE - 60000 l/day Waste of food leachate was centrifuged and separated the solid. The obtained solid were divided in 50:50 volume ratios and initiated aerobic and anaerobic fermentation using anaerobic microorganism concentration of 7000 mg/l, at 50 degrees C for 3 days, aerobic microorganism concentration of 30000 mg/l at 60 degrees C for 11 days. The obtained aerobic and anaerobic liquid were mixed in volume ratio of 50:50 with Bacillus subtilis concentration of 106 cfu/ml to obtain soil conditioner.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The lead-silicate glass is to-be-recycled lead-silicate glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminosilicate source material comprises aluminum recycled waste. The aluminosilicate source material comprises 3-15 wt.% metallic aluminum, 20-50 wt.% aluminum oxide or aluminum hydroxide, 3-15 wt.% aluminum nitride, 3-30 wt.% silica, 2-20 wt.% ferrous (III) oxide, 2-20 wt.% ferrous (II) oxide, 1-20 wt.% magnesium oxide, and 1-20 wt.% calcium oxide. The alkaline inorganic material comprises alkali flakes, liquid glass and liquid-type sodium hydroxyl flakes. The content of alkali flakes with respect to liquid glass is 7-12 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cheese whey has ratio of volatile organic acid (FOS) and buffer capacity in fermentation medium of 3000-13000 mg/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Preparation of simvastatin ammonium salt acyl donor comprises reacting 2-mercaptoethanol and 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid at mass ratio of 0.5-0.75:1 in organic solvent to obtain crude product, adding acetyl chloride at crude product to acetyl chloride mass ratio of 1.5-2:1, placing reaction system in ice water, regulating pH at 6.5-7.5, separating organic phase, drying, filtering and removing solvent. The reaction is done in presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate and/or anhydrous sodium carbonate. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methylene dichloride, triethylamine, ethyl acetate and/or methyl tert-butyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The drying step of the purified biomass is carried out until the water content is reduced to less than 20%. The heating step is carried out at 350-450 degrees C. Preferred Components: The first particle has a pore size of greater than 50 mu m. The second particle has a pore size of 10-50 mu m. The third particle has a pore size of 5-10 mu m. The fourth particle has a pore size of less than 5 mu m. The biomass is a wood-based biomass.
ACTIVITY - Fungicide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrically insulating material is mica. The gaskets are made of glass or ceramic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Volume ratio of activated sludge, inorganic salt culture medium and p-xylene is 1:30-70:0.005-0.05. Inorganic salt culture medium comprises (in grams): ammonium sulfate (2.5), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.1), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (0.01), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (0.002), calcium chloride (0.001), iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (0.005), sodium molybdate dihydrate (0.0002), copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (0.0002), cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (0.0004), manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (0.001), dipotassium phosphate (1.6), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (0.8) and deionized water. R2A solid culture medium (1L) comprises (in grams): yeast powder (0.5), tryptone (0.5), casamino acid (0.5), dextrose (0.5), soluble starch (0.5), dipotassium phosphate (0.3), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.05), sodium pyruvate (0.3), agar (15.0) and balanced amount of deionized water. Preferred Conditions: Temperature and pH of bacterial strain culturing process are 25-35 degrees C and 4-8 respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The coco peat is impregnated with Pseudomonas or Rhodopseudomonas, which biologically decompose organic substances.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The filter is present in multiple numbers and is provided with air space between the each filter and is placed spaced apart from each other. The adsorption unit is provided with a porous plate to support the bottom part of the coco peat and is slidably inserted into the inner portion of the adsorption unit, where the coco peat falls down to the lower part of the adsorption unit if porous plate removed. The lower portion of the adsorption unit has a hopper structure. The composing unit further comprises a supplying unit to supply the moisture controlling agent to the reaction unit for regulating the moisture present in the food wastewater. The coco peat used for the air purification absorbs moisture present in the food wastewater and mixes the food wastewater within the reaction unit and injects into the line in which the moisture controlling agent is supplied to the reaction unit supply unit. The composing unit provided with a quicklime supplying unit to supply quicklime to the reaction unit by chemically reacting with the moisture contained in the food wastewater. The device further comprises a sensor measures the odor removal efficiency of filter, and a notification unit outputs to determine weather the filter should be replaced based on the value if it is less than the predetermined value. The feed portion is provided with a second selection unit to filter the debris present in the sludge dried by the drying unit and a mixing unit to mix a certain percentage grains with the dried sludge. The sludge is selectively supplied to the reaction unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent comprises iron, tin powder, stannous chloride, zinc, palladium carbon, palladium hydroxide, Raney nickel and/or nickel-aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The glutarimide is halogenated in presence of solvent (A) using halogenating agent containing bromine, bromosuccinimide, chlorosuccinimide or iodosuccinimide. The nucleophilic substitution reaction is carried out in presence of solvent (B) and catalyst. The reduction reaction of compound (IV) is carried out in presence of solvent (C). Preferred Composition: The catalyst is chosen from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, pyridine, triisopropyl amine, sodium bicarbonate and/or potassium bicarbonate. The solvent (A) is methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide and/or acetic acid. The solvent (B) is tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, N,N'-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and/or n-butanol. The solvent (C) is methanol, water, ethanol and/or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The extracting step is carried out at pressure of 0.8-1.6 Mpa and temperature of 30-60 degrees C. The placing step is carried out at atomizer rotating speed of 40 MHz, peristaltic pump feeding speed of 10-20 Hz, cyclone separating pressure of 0.6 MPa. The medicine liquid is added with relative density of 1.05- 1.10, an air inlet temperature of 140-165 degrees C and air outlet temperature of 80-90 degrees C. The standing step is carried out at temperature of 3-8 degrees C for 3-5 days. The drying step is carried out at temperature of 70 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. Preferred Components: The macroporous resin column is AB-8 type macroporous type or LS-300 type macroporous resin column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The natural mineral powder contains zeolite powder, selenium ore powder and medical stone powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nutrient synergistic agent is polyaspartic acid. The water-retaining agent is polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The different degree coal comprises coal lignite, bituminous and anthracite. The sulfonating agent is concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Preferred Composition: The coal-based solid acid has structure comprising condensed aromatic ring containing aromatic ring and ester carbon layer. The aromatic carbon layer is attached through carbon-carbon bond or bridge, to form coal-based carbon skeleton of solid acid. The edge of carbon layer is connected to aromatic sulfonic acid catalytic domain. The coal-based solid acid further has quinone-based adsorption functional domain, and phenolic hydroxyl group and hydrophilic domain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Combustible gas is selected from natural gas, liquefied petroleum, coal gas, biogas, dimethyl ether or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Biomass material is selected from wheat straw, corn straw, bamboo reed or alginate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial oil pool and biological aerated filter pool includes Chelatococcus sp.GW1 (CCTC No:M2012025), Pseudoxanthomonas sp.GW2 (CCTC No:M2012026), Bacillius sp.DQ5 (CCTC No:M2010078), and Enterobacter sp.DQ11 (CCTC No:M2010084)in the ratio of 1:1:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer sintered filter is formed by sintering polyester, polypropylene fiber or polyamide fiber powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Fermenting agent is prepared by cleaning soybean. The cleaned soybean is dried, and then crushed. The crushed soybean is filtered through a screen to obtain soybean powder. Phosphate buffer is added to the soybean powder, where pH value of mixture is 5.2 and mol concentration of phosphate buffer is 0.05mol/L. The obtained mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain liquid. The obtained liquid is rotated at 6000 revolutions per minutes for 30 minutes. The obtained precipitated material is dissolved in phosphate buffer, where pH value is adjusted to 6.5 using phosphate buffer (0.05mol/L). The obtained liquid is rotated using centrifuge at 4000 revolutions per minutes for 15 minutes. The obtained supernatant is collected to obtain soybean extract. Bacillus subtilis, silicate bacteria, Trichoderma viride, Lactococcus lactis, Actinomyces, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Flavobacterium, yeast and Azotobacter chroococcum are weighed, and then mixed uniformly. Cellulose, protease and phosphorylase are added gradually to the obtained mixed material to obtain composite liquid. The obtained soybean extract is processed ultrasonically at 20 kilohertz for 20 minutes. The obtained composite liquid is added into the obtained soybean extract. The obtained material is stirred uniformly to obtain the desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The seed culture liquid (5ml) is added in liquid culture medium (1000 ml) at 35-37 degrees C for 20-14 hours to obtain another seed culture liquid, where rotating speed is 300-400 revolutions per minute. The obtained latter seed culture liquid (1000 ml) is mixed in liquid culture medium (30L) in a fermentation tank at 35-37 degrees C for 70-72 hours, where rotating speed is 300-400 revolutions per minute, and bacterial amount is not greater than 2 hundred million per ml present in fermentation tank to obtain fermented liquid. The obtained liquid is filled into containers. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Weight ratio of water, brown sugar and EM bacterial liquid, grain and sugarcane is 40:1:1:100:600. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The biological ferment liquid is mixture of cow dung and water. Animal manure is chicken manure, dairy manure, sheep manure, pig manure or their mixture. The organic matter is mushroom residue, greaves residue, rice straw, ash or their mixture. Humic acid is utilized in raw powder form. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Crop straw or livestock poultry excrement is selected from corn straw, rice straw, chicken manure or pig manure. Preferred Conditions: Cracking process is carried out in the carbonization furnace at 400-500 degrees C for 3-4 hours. Fermentation is carried out for 10-15 days and dried at 60-80 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentation liquid is prepared by adding 25-200 pts. mass seaweed, 5 pts. mass glucose, 1 pt. mass inorganic salt, 2 pts. mass soybean protein substance, and 77 pts. mass water at 45 degrees C, pH of 6, and dissolved oxygen ratio of 1:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Microbial inoculum comprises 10-20 wt.% thermophilic bacteria, 10-15 wt.% Bacillus subtilis, 5-10 pts. wt. Bacillus licheniformis, 10-20 wt.% Cellulomonas flavigena, 5-15 wt.% Streptococcus thermophilus, 5-10 wt.% Candida utilis and 15-20 wt.% Rhizopus oryzae. Accelerator is decomposed waste syrup, yeast waste liquid, alcohol waste bath, yeast waste liquid, wood vinegar, monosodium glutamate waste liquid and/or marsh gas waste liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Reaction catalyst is anhydrous potassium carbonate, N,N-dicyclohexylmethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or anhydrous sodium carbonate (0.1-0.5). Reaction solvent is 30-95 % of ethanol solution, and amount of vincamine is 10-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is imine-containing compound selected from N-hydroxy phthalimide, N,N'-dihydroxy pyromellitic acid imide, N-hydroxy-pyridine or saccharin methyl-N-hydroxyphthalimide. The ionic liquid comprises 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Biological diesel comprises 2.5 vol.%, preferably 30 vol.% direct-coal-liquefied hydrogenation-modified full distillate oil and 97.5 vol.%, preferably 70 vol.% waste oil biological diesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Cosolvent is less than or equal to 5 carbon-containing liquid phase low-molecular hydrocarbon mixture, preferably ethane, propane, and butane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Activated carbon is adsorbed by the flue gas purification equipment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: Antioxidant is used during storage of Coptis wood seed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The side product glycerin is purified by using a glycerol compound of formula (I). An antioxidant is added in the fatty acid low-carbon ester alcohol, where the antioxidant is tert.-butyl hydroquinone, tertiary butyl hydroxyl anisol, tertiary butyl hydroxy toluene or propyl gallate. A catalyst is also added in the reaction system, where the catalyst is selected from sodium phosphate monobasic, potassium methoxide, potassium tert.-butoxide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate or potassium phosphate. The fatty acid low carbon ester alcohol has structural formula (II).R4 and R5=H, Cl or C14 fatty group or aryl group;R6=Cl or C19 alkane or olefin;R7=methyl or ethyl group; andR8=12-18C fat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Nitrogenous substance is selected from urea or ammonium bicarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method comprises using an oxidizing agent including air or oxygen. The reaction conditions are as follows: utilizes a fixed bed reactor, the reaction pressure is 0.1-0.5 MPa, preferably 0.1-0.3 MPa, the reaction temperature is 10-200 degrees C, preferably 10-70 degrees C, air or oxygen/carbon monoxide ratio of the system is 0.5-3, and carbon monoxide airspeed is 0.2-1x 103 l/kg.hour. Preferred Components: The hydrogen gas feed is methane, ethane, methanol or ethanol, produced by reforming or partial oxidation reaction. In the reaction process, the volume ratio of oxidant gas and carbon monoxide is 0.5-3. The catalyst is loading catalyst containing platinum, where the amount of platinum is 0.5-5 wt.%. Hydrogen gas feed composition is 5000-50000 ppm, 10000-100000 ppm water vapor, and 20000-60000ppm carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The livestock manure is derived from cattle, chicken and pig. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The amount of the insecticide is 0.8 pts. wt.. The fertilizer comprises either: 10-10.8 pts. wt. nitrogenous fertilizer, 8.2-8.3 pts. wt. phosphate fertilizer, 6.2-6.8 pts. wt. potash fertilizer, 11-11.8 pts. wt. microbial flora, 5.2-5.8 pts. wt. humic acid, 0.8-0.85 pts. wt. insecticide, 6.5-6.8 pts. wt. water soluble release agent, 0.4-0.5 pts. wt. plant growth regulator, 3.2-3.5 pts. wt. iron fertilizer, 0.3-0.4 pts. wt. salicylic acid, and 120 pts. wt. water; 10.2 pts. wt. nitrogenous fertilizer, 8.3 pts. wt. phosphate fertilizer, 6.4 pts. wt. potash fertilizer, 11.5 pts. wt. microbial flora, 5.4 pts. wt. humic acid, 0.82 pts. wt. insecticide, 6.7 pts. wt. water soluble release agent, 0.44 pts. wt. plant growth regulator, 3.4 pts. wt. iron fertilizer, 0.32 pts. wt. salicylic acid, and 120 pts. wt. water; or 10.5 pts. wt. nitrogenous fertilizer, 8.2 pts. wt. phosphate fertilizer, 6.5 pts. wt. potash fertilizer, 11.2 pts. wt. microbial flora, 5.3 pts. wt. humic acid, 0.84 pts. wt. insecticide, 6.6 pts. wt. water soluble release agent, 0.47 pts. wt. plant growth regulator, 3.3 pts. wt. iron fertilizer, 0.35 pts. wt. salicylic acid, and 120 pts. wt. water. The fertilizer further comprises microelement. The microelement is calcium, magnesium, boron, copper, manganese, zinc and/or molybdenum, and the amount of the microelement is 1.5 pts. wt.. The microbial flora comprises photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Azotobacter. Preferred Method: The step (i) further comprises adding 1.5 pts. wt. microelement. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The liquid fertilizer comprises 7.2-7.5 pts. wt., preferably 7.3 or 7.2 pts. wt. microflora, 11.3-11.5 pts. wt., preferably 11.5 or 11.3 pts. wt. humic acid, 7.5-7.6 pts. wt., preferably 7.6 or 7.5 pts. wt. nitrogen, 0.6-0.7 pts. wt., preferably 0.7 or 0.6 pts. wt. phosphate, 0.8-0.88 pts. wt., preferably 0.82 or 0.8 pts. wt. potash, 0.3-0.35 pts. wt. , preferably 0.35 or 0.3 pts. wt. borax, 0.65-0.67 pts. wt., preferably 0.67 or 0.65 pts. wt. insecticide, 0.6-0.7 pts. wt., preferably 0.65 pts. wt. water-soluble isolating agent, 0.045-0.048 pts. wt., preferably 0.045 or 0.048 pts. wt. plant growth regulators, and 100 pts. wt. of water. The insecticide is present in an amount of 0.68. The plant growth regulators are naphthylacetate, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, indole acetic acid or brassinolide. The microflora is photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter or yeast. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The dairy manure is obtained by naturally drying the manure in air, and crushing into 2 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coal powder and coal gangue have fineness of 40-200 meshes. The catalyst is iron oxide, manganese(IV) oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, cupric oxide or red brick powder. The combustion improver is potassium nitrate, potassium permanganate or potassium chlorate. The active substance is cerium(iv) oxide or lanthanum oxide. The forming agent is calcium carbonate, calcium nitrate, calcium sulfate or calcium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The shiitake mushroom compost fermentation substrate contains mushroom waste and 40-45 wt.% water with carbon to nitrogen ratio of 40:1. The volume ratio of shiitake mushroom compost fermentation substrate and vermiculite compost is 7:3.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (b), the biomass is uniformly applied on top of the coal blend, where the maximum amount of the biomass added is less than or equal to 20% of the coal blend. In the step (c), heating is carried out for 10 seconds to 25 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The source of an oilseed product comprises a storage vessel containing the oilseed product or a processor that converts an oilseed into the oilseed product. The source of supercritical carbon dioxide includes a source of liquid carbon dioxide, a pumping mechanism that transfers carbon dioxide from its source to the extractor, and a heat transfer mechanism that transfers heat that is sufficient to render the carbon dioxide supercritical prior to its introduction into the extractor. The power for the pumping mechanism is generated by the power source. The system further comprises a source of a cosolvent, where the cosolvent is premixed with the supercritical carbon dioxide before introduction into the extractor. The heat transfer mechanism transfers heat from the power source to both the extractor and the reactor. The system further comprises a separator positioned between the outlet of the reactor and the power source, where the separator is capable of separating the biofuel product from decomposition byproducts generated by the transesterification of the seed oil. The system comprises the collection reservoir. The first portion is 2-15 mol.% of the total biofuel product and the second portion is 85-98 mol.% of the total biofuel product. The power source is an engine, a generator that also converts mechanical power into electrical power, or a direct-fired heater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reacting is carried out at 300-420 degrees C. The pressure during the reacting is 95-300 (preferably 95-125) bar. The alcohol to oil molar ratio is 3:1-10:1, preferably 5:1-6:1. The alcohol comprises up to 10 mol.% carbon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The rotary kiln is heated to 250 degrees C by burners, and carbonizes palm shell by increasing temperature to 800 degrees C. The first- and the second dust collectors collect dust by cyclone method. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The diaphragm further comprises zirconium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic polymer resin is chosen from polysulfone, polyether sulfone and polyphenyl sulfone. The porous support body contains polyphenylene sulfide fibers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The porous support material is a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Fertilizer core comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and additive. Nitrogen fertilizer is urea or mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate,dicyandiamide and 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine . Phosphate fertilizer is phosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate. Potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. Composite fertilizer is zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and mixture of ferrous sulfate and boric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Additive is fulvic acid, urease inhibitor, light calcium carbonate and/or composite fertilizer. Coating agent is agent is sodium polyacrylate polymer. Preferred Compositions: Coating layer comprises 5-10% ammonium chloride, 0.01-1% thiourea urea formaldehyde, 3-5% polyethylene wax. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The hydrolysis conditions in step (d) include catalyzed hydrolysis by lignosulfonic acids derived from step (b), or catalyzed hydrolysis by enzymes. The cellulose-rich solids are recovered as a cellulose material or precursor. The additive is introduced in step (b) and is not removed, thereby passing to step (d). The additive is introduced in step (d) only. The additive is generated in situ by introducing a base to react a portion of acid catalyst with base to form additive. The additive is present in a concentration of 100-10000 ppm. The sulfonated lignin is recovered.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid catalyst optionally comprises sulfur-containing acid preferably selected from sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, and/or lignosulfonic acid. The additive includes metal sulfites or metal bisulfites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent for lignin is selected from linear alcohols, cyclic alcohols, aromatic alcohols, polyols, ketones, ethers, and/or ionic liquids. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The aerobic bacteria is 0.05-0.1 wt.% VT ferment bacteria and/or effective microorganism bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises turning fermentation material once for 4-6 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises performing acylation reaction with anhydrous aluminum trichloride catalyst at 5-10 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The Lewis acid includes hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mole equivalent of methylamine hydrochloride is 1.5-2.0. The mole equivalent of paraformaldehyde is 1.2-1.5. The Mannich reaction is carried out at 50-100 degrees C, preferably 75-80 degrees C for 5-20 hours, preferably 8-10 hours. The low carbon alcohol includes methanol, ethanol and/or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The analysis agent is ethanol aqueous solution, methanol aqueous solution, or in water solution of acetone. The organic solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, or acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal reagent is chloroauric acid, gold (III) chloride, gold chloride or gold chloride mixed solution. The cerium reagent is a complex of nitric acid cerium, cerium chloride, cerium chloride, cerium fluoride, cerium carbonate, cerium and acetic acid or cerium salt. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The sieve plate is made of stainless steel/aluminum alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Engine fuel composition comprises (in wt.%): methanol (55), ethanol (30), dimethyl ether (10) and methyl tert-butyl ether (5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid catalyst is selected from methanol dehydration catalyst, ethanol dehydration catalyst, or dimethyl ethylene overlapped dehydration catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: Non-bamboo biomass resource is obtained from agricultural biomass resource, forestry biomass resource, aquatic plant, human and animal excreta, household organic garbage, municipal organic waste or organic waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The S.cerevisiae SC-X234 produces ethanol by culturing S.cerevisiae SC-X234 in basic culture medium plate culture at 35-40 degrees C for 1-2 days, isolating and inoculating in inclined surface culture medium, culturing at 35-40 degrees C for 18-20 hours, inoculating the inclined plane culture of S.cerevisiae SC-X234 in seed culture medium to culture at 35-40 degrees C for 8-10 hours to obtain liquid culture, inoculating the 10% liquid culture in culture medium to ferment by culturing at 35-40 degrees C for 48 hours. Preferred Medium: The basic culture medium comprises 2 %mass carbon source, 3-4 %mass nitrogen source, 2 %mass agar, and water (Remainder), where the nitrogen source is peptone or yeast extract and the carbon source is glucose, corn starch or both. The seed culture medium (pH 5.5) comprises 5 %mass carbon source, 0.5-1 %mass nitrogen source, 0.01-0.02 %mass inorganic salt, and 0.1-0.2 %mass buffering agent, where the carbon source is one or more of glucose, corn starch, molasses or their mixture, nitrogen source is yeast extract, ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate, the inorganic salt is one or more of magnesium sulfate and calcium chloride and the buffering agent is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The fermenting culture medium (pH 5.5) comprises 32-36 %mass carbon source, 1-2 %mass nitrogen source, 0.02-0.05 %mass inorganic salt, and 0.5-1 %mass buffering agent, in pH=5.5, where the carbon source is one or more of glucose, corn starch, molasses or their mixture, nitrogen source is yeast extract, ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate, the inorganic salt is one or more of magnesium sulfate and calcium chloride and the buffering agent is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The B.licheniformis is isolated from filtered soil water in rhizosphere. Preferred Method: The method involves filtering the fermentation liquid or solid microbial inoculum after diluting with water to obtain the viable count of 2x 106-5x 107 CFU/g, mixing uniformly, applying the diluted liquid to crops at its root in the soil, or filtering the fermentation liquid or solid microbial inoculum, adding in organic fertilizer, mixing uniformly, where the viable count reaches 2x 106-1x 108 CFU/g, and applying to the soil as base fertilizer in an amount of 1-3 tons. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Fermentation liquid comprises cellulose decomposition bacteria and protein hydrolysates. Preferred Condition: Fermentation is carried out at 35 degrees C. Fermenting gas generating device is filled with knot silk filler (20%). Mixture material is kept in device for 28-31 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises dropping concentrated sulfuric acid, and completing reaction at 55 degrees C for 6 hours. Preferred Components: The mol ratio of phenol and 9-fluorenone is 6.5:1, the molar ratio of 9-fluorenone and cysteamine is 85:1, and the molar ratio of 9-fluorenone and sulfuric acid is 2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: Glucose, peptone, yeast extract, potassium nitrate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used in the production of egg yolk lecithin powder. ACTIVITY - Cerebroprotective; Cardiovascular-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The grate plate is connected with a bolt. The filter is provided with 5 groups of circular ring and grate plate, and the spacing between each group is 200 mm. The gas flow direction of vent hole of each grate plate is 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm, 4mm and 2 mm. The width of the circular ring is 50 mm and the thickness is 10 mm. The diameter of the grate plate is 580 mm and the thickness is 6 mm. The outer diameter of the circular tube wall is 620 mm and inner diameter is 604 mm. The upper semicircular tube wall is set with an observation hole. Both the sides of each circular ring of lower semicircular tube wall are connected with a drain pipe of drainage valve. The circular ring is made of carbon steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The yeast comprises Pichia pastoris with concentration of 8-9x 108 cells/ml, 5-6x 108 cells/ml of Saccharomyces yeast and 7-8x 107 cells/ml of wine yeast according to the mass ratio of 1-5:1-3:0.5-1.5. The water regulator is crushed wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, chaff, bran shell, wood chips, organic extract from artemisinin-artesunate slag, rapeseed oil extraction residue or peat, where wheat bran has granularity of 2-5 mm. The water regulator has water content of less than 5%. The mixed manure comprises poultry manure and pig manure according to the ratio of 3-5:1-3. The liquid microbial agent comprises Aspergillus niger having preservation number of CGMCC N0.7927 and Aspergillus niger having preservation number of CGMCC3.316 according to the ratio of 8-11:5-7. The Aspergillus niger has concentration of 8-9x 1010 cells/ml. The mix enzyme comprises 20-30 pts. wt. pectase, 10-15 pts. wt. pullulanase, 5-10 pts. wt. cellulose, 5-10 pts. wt. tannase, 3-5 pts. wt. beta -glucanase, 3-5 pts. wt. xylanase and 3-5 pts. wt. protease. Preferred Method: The method further comprises carrying out deodorizing treatment after drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dehydrogenation reagent is iodine or bromine. The additive is sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Preferred Process: The pH value is adjusted using sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent (A) is pyridine, dimethylformamide, formamide, morpholine and iso-amyl alcohol. The molar ratio of naringin and solvent (A) is 1:1-1:6. The molar ratio of naringin and dehydrogenation reagent is 1:0.01-1:0.05. The molar ratio of naringin and additive is 1:0.03-1:0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The P.aeruginosa strain is capable of preparing immobilized beads for degradation of chlorpyrifos. The immobilized beads is prepared by activating chlorpyrifos wastewater for 12 hours at 26-30 degrees C, aeration rate of 1.2 l/minute, and pH of 6.8-7.2, where the concentration of the chlorpyrifos is 200 mg/l, and performing hydraulic retention for 32 hours. Preferred Composition: The LB culture medium comprises 1000 ml distilled water, 5 g yeast powder, 10 g peptone and 10 g sodium chloride (pH 7).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Pseudomonas MC-05 has pale yellow color, round shaped, irregular edges and smooth surface. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of cell morphology of Pseudomonas MC-05 includes several flagella, Gram-negative, oxidase methyl red test of negative, and starch hydrolysis and indole test positive, to use glucose and lactose. The Pseudomonas MC-05 is capable of degrading quinclorac at 25-35 degrees C and pH of 6-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Anode substrate is carbon cloth, graphite, carbon felt, titanium sheet, titanium network, or nickel network. Catalyst is carbon-molybdenum mixture, molybdenum, ruthenium-carbon mixture, molybdenum oxide, tungsten, or nickel-tin alloy. Cathode material is molybdenum, or nickel alloy. Anode of electrolytic solution is sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide. Cathode of electrolytic solution is sulfate aqueous solution, phosphate solution, sulfuric acid solution, or hydrochloric acid solution. Ion exchange membrane is bipolar membrane. Electrochemical cell is anti-alkali corrosion material i.e. polyfluortetraethylene, organic glass, or inorganic glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Substrate is methanol, ethanol, glucose, or urea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline substance is potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide and/or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The glucose-responsive enzyme includes glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase. The enzyme cofactor includes pyrroloquinoline quinone. The cathode enzyme includes laccase and cytochrome C peroxidase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal complex comprises ruthenium or osmium. The anode comprises a conductive material consisting of gold and carbon. The cathode comprises platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mediator includes a metallocene derivative and a transition metal complex. The metallocene derivative includes ferrocene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The enzyme composition (b) comprises at least two different cellobiohydrolases and optionally beta -glucosidase and/or GH61. The enzyme (a) or enzyme (a) composition and/or enzyme (b)or enzyme (B) composition comprises thermostable enzyme. The dry substance content in liquefaction step is 5 wt.% or more, 8 wt.% or more, 10 wt.% or more, 11 wt.% or more, 12 wt.% or more, 13 wt.% or more, 14 wt.% or more, 15 wt.% or more, 20 wt.% or more, 25 wt.% or more, 30 wt.% or more, 35 wt.% or more, or 40 wt.% or more preferably less than 42 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: The liquefaction is carried out in a reactor (liquefaction reactor) which has a volume less than the volume of saccharification reactor. The ratio of the volume of the liquefaction reactor and the volume of the saccharification reactor is 1:2-1:50, more preferably 1:3-1:40. The liquefaction reactor and/or the saccharification reactor have a volume of more than 1 m3, preferably 10-5000 m3. In liquefaction step or in the liquefaction reactor less enzyme (on protein dry substance) per reactor volume is added than in the step in which the oligomeric and/or monomeric sugar is formed or in the monomeric sugar hydrolysis reactor. The liquefaction step is done in fed-batch, semi-continuous or continuous mode, preferably continuous mode. The saccharification step is done in fed-batch, semi-continuous or batch mode, preferably in fed-batch or batch mode. The liquefaction step is conducted at temperature of 50 degrees C or more, 55 degrees C or more, 60 degrees C or more, 65 degrees C or more, or 70 degrees C or more, preferably 65-110 degrees C, more preferably 65-90 degrees C, more preferably 65-80 degrees C and most preferably 70-80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Microorganism: The lactic acid bacteria is chosen from Pediococcus acidilactici TT12-G5 strain (NITE BP-1430), P.acidilactici TT12-PG2 strain (NITE BP-1431), Lactobacillus fermentum TT12-18h1 strain (NITE BP-1448),L.zeae TT12-S4 strain (NITE BP-1433), L.rhamnosus TT12-S1 strain (NITE BP-1432), L.casei TT12-18h4 strains (NITE BP-1429), and their mutants, preferably P.acidilactici TT12-G5 strain (NITE BP-1430), P.acidilactici TT12-PG2 strains (NITE BP-1431), and their mutants. The lactic acid bacteria has metabolic activity of above 50 degrees C. The lactic acid bacteria secrete the acid which dissolves calcium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The step (4) acid is sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidant is N-bromosuccinimide. The organic solvent is benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride or tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Saccharification process and fermentation process of lignocellulosic raw material are performed in parallel. Residue is isolated by solid-liquid separator with opening of greater than or equal to 0.01 mu m. Preferred Compositions: Fuel composition contains residue in pellet form. Water content of fuel composition is less than or equal to 10 mass%. Preferred Parameters: Heating value of fuel composition is greater than or equal to 4000 kcal/kg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Fuel composition comprises component derived from lignin, cellulose, or yeast and water. Lignin content of fuel composition is 50-80 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Biomass carbon raw material is corn straw, soybean straw, rice straw, and/or rice hull. Soil modifier further contains chicken manure. Microbial inoculum is organic fertilizer special RW inoculant or organic matter-decomposing microbial inoculum. Weight ratio biomass carbon:chicken manure is 1:0.3-1. Preferred Conditions: Thermal cracking carbonization temperature is 500-700 degrees C. Thermal cracking carbonization time is 2-3 hours. Preferred Processes: Chicken manure is obtained by performing aerobic fermentation using fermentation microbial inoculum. Soil modifier is applied to albic soil by applying 7.5-30 ton/hectare single application, and deeply plowing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method, the recombinant DNA constructs were introduced into the bacterial cell by a method involving the delivery of at least one electrical pulse to the bacterium, by the use: of methylation to block the activity of a restriction enzyme within the bacterium; of a methylase which methylates a cytosine residue within the deoxyribonucleotide sequence 5'-cytosine-guanine-cytosine-guanine-3'; of a cell-wall weakening agent, where the cell-wall weakening agent is glycine or DL-threonine; of an osmoprotectant agent including sucrose, lactose, sorbitol or mannitol; and of ethanol. Preferred Components: The recombinant DNA construct contains an origin of replication including pCB 102 from Clostridium butyricum, pCD6 from Clostridium difficile, or pIM13 from Bacillus subtilis. The recombinant DNA construct contains a DNA sequence which encodes an enzyme that confers resistance to an antibiotic including thiamphenicol, clarithromycin or erythromycin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: mixing the nutrient into the mixture to the raw product; and routing an auxiliary pulse engine exhaust from an auxiliary pulse engine to a jacket surrounding a rotating drum of the ball mill.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas is selected from one of: oxygen, ozone, air, CO2, nitrogen or methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen is adsorbed to adsorption agent, and the nitrogen contained in waste gas is recovered by a pressure swing-adsorption method. The hydrogen recovered is made to contact palladium alloy membrane, and the hydrogen is transmitted through the palladium alloy membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus subtilis spores, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma harzianum, Streptomyces microflavus, thin yellow Streptomyces bacteria, or Frankia bacteria, in which weight ratio of B. subtilis and Frankia is (3-8):1, and weight ratio of T. harzianum and Frankia is (3-8):1. The microbial agent is added at 0.1-0.5 wt.% of raw materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic fertilizer contains large amount of elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and trace elements including boron, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The phytase and cellulase has enzyme activities of 400-1200 Units/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace element is iron, zinc, and boron at mass ratio of 1:0.3-1:0.2-1:0.1-0.5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The amount of catalyst is 0.1-0.5 wt.%. The molar ratio of grease and amino acid salt is 1:1.5-5. The molar ratio of fatty acid and amino acid salt is 1:1.05-1.5. Preferred Components: The catalyst is methanesulfonic acid and/or methyl sulfonate. The neutralizer is citric acid, EDTA and/or phosphoric acid. The acid is grease and fatty acid. The grease is soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, kernel oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, olive oil, butter, suet, lard, skin oil or bone oil. The fatty acid is lauric acid, coconut acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and stearic acid. The amino acid salt is sarcosine, glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, proline, lysine, serine, arginine or organic ammonium ion salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Biofuel is diesel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyunsaturated fatty acid is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). ACTIVITY - Cerebroprotective; Cardiovascular-Gen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method further comprises: step of condensing all water present in the synthesis gas stream after the first, second and third water-gas shift reactions; step of recycling the condensed water after the first, second and third water-gas shift reactions; step of feeding the hydrogen to combustors in a combined cycle plant; and sequestering all carbon dioxide present in the synthesis gas stream after first, second and third water-gas shift reactions. The step of separating all of the hydrogen in synthesis gas stream further comprises separating the hydrogen from carbon dioxide using a hydrogen separating device comprising a permeable membrane. Preferred Components: The high temperature synthesis gas stream contains hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, steam and hydrogen. The hydrogen is initially present in the high temperature synthesis gas stream and is formed during the first, second and third water-gas shift reactions. The sulfur compounds comprise hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The time period from the first addition of stabilized chlorine dioxide at step (b) to the inoculation of Zymomonas cells at step (c) is at least 6 hours, preferably at least 16 hours. The growth medium lacks cellulosic biomass hydrolysate. The growth medium is (i) defined medium, (ii) medium containing a non-cellulosic biomaterial sugar source, or (iii) clarified cellulosic biomass hydrolysate. The temperature of the inoculated broth is less than 40 degrees C. The pH of the mixture of (b) is less than 7. The hydrolysate is derived from a cellulosic biomass consisting of corn cobs, corn husks, corn stover, grasses, wheat, wheat straw, barley straw, hay, rice straw, switchgrass, waste paper, sugar cane bagasse, sorghum, and woody plant cellulosic components. The inoculated fermentation medium and the fermentation beer are maintained at a temperature of less than 40 degrees C. Preferred Components: The growth medium comprises cellulosic biomass hydrolysate. The Zymomonas cells are ethanologen. The growth medium is saccharification reaction slurry comprising at least one cellulase. The inoculated broth of step (d) contains less than 5 g/l of lactic acid during the period of the growth of the Zymomonas cells. The source of bacterial contamination is lactic acid producing bacteria. The saccharification reaction slurry comprises at least one cellulase. The source of bacterial contamination is lactic acid producing bacteria. The stabilized chlorine dioxide contains 20% solids based on dry weight of biomass to total mixture weight. The concentration of stabilized chlorine dioxide is initially at least 10 mg/kg, with the amount of stabilized chlorine dioxide given in terms of the amount of chlorine dioxide that can be released upon complete activation of stabilized chlorine dioxide by acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier of acid catalyst is selected from aluminum, silicon or silicon-aluminum mixed oxide. The carrier of the acid catalyst is silicon-aluminum mixed oxide, and the atomic ratio of aluminum/(silicon+aluminum) in the composite oxide is 0.1-100. The acid catalyst has at least one shape selected from bulk, plates, powder, pellets, balls and aerogel. The metal catalyst contained in the difunctional catalyst is a metal nanoparticle catalyst. The metal is at least one metal selected from platinum, palladium, rubidium, iridium and rhodium or its alloy. The metal catalyst contained in the difunctional catalyst is supported in an amount of 0.1-20 wt.% based on the weight of the carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mixed biomass solution comprises biomass containing benzyl phenyl ether, dissolved in at least one hydrocarbon solvent selected from pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane and dodecane. The benzyl phenyl ether is present in the mixed biomass solution in an amount of 0.1-10 wt.% based on the total weight of the solution. The acid catalyst includes a porous or non-porous carrier having acidic functional groups on its surface. The reactor is maintained at a temperature of 50-150 degrees C during the isomerization. The reactor is maintained at a temperature of 200-300 degrees C during the hydrodeoxygenation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. Test details are described but no results given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - Humic acid, fulvic acid, ulmic acid hyumin were dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution at 80 degrees C for 20 minutes, allowed to stand for 2 hours, and filtered to remove water and to obtain liquid humic complex solution. The obtained filtered liquid humic complex solution was mixed with 0.2 wt.% xanthan gum, 4 wt.% molasses, 0.8 wt.% propylene glycol and 83 wt.% water to obtain the water-soluble liquid fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The drying temperature is 50 degrees C or less and time is 10-24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The catalyst is potassium carbonate and/or sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The polar organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide, preferably N,N-dimethylformamide. The extraction organic solvent is nonpolar solvent chosen from diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, petroleum ether, toluene, n-butanol, and isoamyl alcohol. The recrystallizing solvent is diethyl ether, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, n-hexane, and/or cyclohexane, preferably n-hexane and/or cyclohexane. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of catalyst and benzaldehyde is (1-2):1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Reaction is performed at 0-100 degrees C for 5-10 hours.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - 25 kg Chicken manure with 10.9% moisture, 12.7% rice bran with 9.3% moisture and 12.5 kg soybean meal with 12.7% moisture were mixed, diluted with 200 liters water, and anaerobically fermented for 50 days to obtain liquid fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase gene cel-KG11 is isolated from rumen microorganism of Capra aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase gene cel-KG26 is isolated from rumen microorganism of Capra aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase gene cel-KG27 is isolated from rumen microorganism of Capra aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase gene cel-KG33 is isolated from rumen microorganism of Capra aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase gene cel-KG43 is isolated from rumen microorganism of Capra aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel-KG55 gene is isolated from rumen microorganism of C.aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel-KG21 gene is isolated from rumen microorganism of C.aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel-KG25 gene is isolated from rumen microorganism of C.aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel-KG36 gene is isolated from rumen microorganism of C.aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel-KG38 gene is isolated from rumen microorganism of C.aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel-KG45 gene is isolated from rumen microorganism of C.aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel-KG49 gene is isolated from rumen microorganism of C.aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Isolation (Claimed): The cellulase cel-KG51 gene is isolated from rumen microorganism of C.aegagrus hircus. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The soil amendment agent is spongolite, zeolite, and/or bentonite clay.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The compost comprises plant trimmings, biosolids (sewage sludge), wood by-products, animal manures, partially refined animal manure, crop residues, biodegradable packing or food scraps. The compost is kiln dried or air dried so that it contains less than 30% moisture (w/w), and has particle size of 0.0-2 cm. The composition further comprises one or more agents selected from micronutrients, secondary nutrients, wetting agents, additional invertebrate pest control agents, herbicides, fungicides, nutrients, plant growth regulators and/or fertilizers. Ratio of the compost to soil amendment agent is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, or 10:1. ACTIVITY - Nematocide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The composition is applied by depositing the composition in one or more trenches having depth of 10-26 cm in an area of soil in need of treatment, where the soil in need of treatment contains turf grass selected from bahiagrass, bentgrass, Bermuda grass, blue grama grass, buffalograss, centipedegrass, fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, kikuyu, ryegrass, seashore Paspalum, St. Augustine grass or Zoysia grass (all claimed). No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The microbial inoculum includes Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa and yeast in a ratio of 3-4:2-5:1, preferably 3:5:1. Preferred Composition: The fertilizer contains 0.1-0.2 pts. wt. microbial inoculum and 0.1-0.2 pts. wt. wood vinegar. Preferred Method: The tea waste residue and tobacco waste are dried until the water content of the components is less than 20%, then the dried components are crushed and subjected to sterilization.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quick-acting nutrient includes diammonium phosphate, urea and potassium sulfate in a ratio of 2:1:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid solution is an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or acetic acid. The alkali solution is aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methylene dichloride, trichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The alkaloid extract is obtained by (a) crushing Corydalis ochotensis isocorydine, extracting the crushed material using 50-95%, 7-10 times alkaline ethanol or alkaline methanol at 40-80 degrees C, (b) concentrating the extract and drying the concentrate, (c) adding 0.5-4% acid solution to the dried extract in a mass ratio of 1-6:1, filtering the solution, adding 4-15% alkali solution to the filtrate and adjusting pH of the solution to 9-10, (d) adding 2-4 times organic solvent to the obtained solution, and recycling organic solvent, and (e) adsorbing the obtained product in silica column, eluting using 1-3 times ethyl acetate (5-10 times for eluting 50-100 times product), and drying the eluent at 60-70 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fermentation residue is waste residue from cassava fermentation to produce citric acid. The substrate has water content of 20-30%, pH value of 6-7, and concentration of 500-600 g/L. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The algae powder is 200-500 meshes powder. The critical temperature of organic solvent is 230-500 degrees C. The organic solvent is one or more 1-6C short chain alcohol solvent. The catalyst is chosen from Lewis acid catalyst and solid acid catalyst. The ratio of algae powder granule, organic solvent and catalyst is 1:10-100:0.02:0.1 (g:ml:g). The temperature in the second heating process is increased at the rate of 20-80 degrees C/minute which is not more than the critical temperature of the solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst contains ferric trichloride and potassium hydroxide in weight ratio of 1:1.32.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of methanol is less than 75%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The rutaceae citrus fruit is orange or grapefruit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of the soft water is 15-20 wt.%. The content of the catalyst and methanol in the solution containing catalyst and methanol is 0.5-1.5 wt.% and 20-30 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the Jatropha curcas crude oil and seaweed crude oil is 0.7-1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble or alcohol-soluble nickel salt is nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel acetate, nickel oxalate or nickel chloride. The water-soluble or alcohol-soluble rare earth metal salt is water-soluble or alcohol-soluble lanthanum salt or cerium salt. The water-soluble or alcohol-soluble of metal element (A) is water-soluble or alcohol-soluble chromium salt, tungsten salt, onium salt, manganese salt, or zirconium salt. The water-soluble or alcohol-soluble alkali metal salt is potassium salt or sodium salt. The mesoporous molecular sieve includes 1-20 wt.% nickel and/or its oxide, 0-5 wt.% rare earth metal and/or its oxide, 0-10 wt.% rare metal and/or its oxide, 0-5 wt.% alkali metal and/or its oxide, and remainder of carrier. The ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the methane gas is 2-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The N-alkyl silicate is of formula: R8O-Si(-OR5)(-OR7)-OR6. The silicon source is ethyl orthosilicate.R5-R8=1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pad layer is set with filter screen (one layer), and comprises culture medium. The pad layer is connected to protruded portions of the Vetiveria, and inoculated with environmental probiotics. The base layer is narrow, and in the shape of inverted cone. The base layer is set with several holes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Edible fungi mushroom is Pleurotus residue and Ganoderma residue. Fiber degrading bacteria is Cellulomonas. Feather degrading bacteria is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Poultry feather is chicken feather. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Film agent comprises 20-22 pts. wt. chlorinated paraffin, 10-12 pts. wt. dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, 2-3 pts. wt. silane coupling agent KH-570, 2-3 pts. wt. aluminum trichloride, 1-2 pts. wt. aluminum oxide, 1-2 pts. wt. triallyl cyanurate crosslinker, 0.1-0.2 pt. wt. nanocarbon, 2-3 pts. wt. medical stone powder and 1-2 pts. wt. gluconate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Peach fertilizer comprises 20 pts. wt. dry chicken manure, 12 pts. wt. dry duck manure, 13 pts. wt. dry pig manure, 30 pts. wt. plant ash, 10 pts. wt. bone powder, 6 pts. wt. soybean meal, 10 pts. wt. potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 pts. wt. urea, 3 pts. wt. growth hormone, 10 pts. wt. trichlorfon, 20 pts. wt. phenolic resin and 6 pts. wt. fennel powder. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aluminum trichloride is anhydrous trichloride. The fluorinating agent is fluoride or bifluoride. The fluoride salt is potassium fluoride, sodium fluoride, calcium fluoride or ammonium fluoride. The bifluoride salt is potassium hydrogen fluoride, sodium bifluoride or ammonium hydrogen fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: An alcohol aluminum trichloride is mixed uniformly at 0-10 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours, formaldehyde is added and reacted for 0.5-4 hours, and reaction temperature is maintained at 20-40 degrees C for 10-30 hours. Hydrochloric acid solution and organic layer are added and distilled, to obtain chloromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether. The obtained product is reacted with fluorinating agent using phase transfer catalyst and hindered amine at 1-10 degrees C for 50-150 hours, and distilled, to obtain crude product sevoflurane. Preferred Composition: The formaldehyde is trioxymethylene, paraformaldehyde or 1,3,5-trioxane. The phase transfer catalyst is 18-crown-6, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or dimethanol. The hindered amine is N,N-diisopropylethylamine. The molar ratio of hexafluoroisopropanol and aluminum trichloride is 1:1-1.5. The molar ratio of hexafluoroisopropanol and formaldehyde is 1:0.2-0.5. The molar ratio of chloromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether and fluorinating agent is 1:1-2. The molar ratio of chloromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether and phase transfer catalyst is 1:0.1-0.4. The molar ratio of chloromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether and hindered amine is 1:0-0.06. The concentration of hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 6 mol/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400 or polyethylene glycol 600.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is selected from methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-diethyl formamide, acetonitrile, benzonitrile, benzyl cyanide, ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, methyl formate, ethyl propionate, acetone, butanone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, piperazine, toluene, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetonitrile or ethyl benzene. Preferred Composition: Molar ratio of 2-thia-9-azatricyclo (9.4.0.0(3,8))pentadeca-1(11),3,5,7,12,14-hexaen-10-one, ditrichloromethyl carbonate, and N,N-dimethylformamide is 1:0.05:0.33-1:1:0.15, preferable 1:0.33:0.05-1:0.66:0.10. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is maintained at 50-136 degrees C for 2.0-8.0 hours, preferably 70-112 degrees C for 3.0-5.0 hours. Preferred Process: 11-Chloro-dibenzo (b,f) (l,4) thiazepine (I) preparation involves reacting 2-thia-9-azatricyclo (9.4.0.0(3,8))pentadeca-1(11),3,5,7,12,14-hexaen-10-one (II) with ditrichloromethyl carbonate (IV) and N,N-dimethylformamide (V) in reaction kettle in presence of organic solvent at 50-136 degrees C for 2.0-8.0 hours. The reaction is completed, where reaction liquid is separated and purified to obtain desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Polyglutamic acid powder is produced by Bacillus subtilis fermentation using organic solvent. The obtained material is precipited, and then dried to obtain product. Preferred Components: Polyglutamic acid hydrogel is high absorbent resin for fertilizer, where total weight of fertilizer is 0.01-1%. Fertilizer is NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) fertilizer or compound fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The feeding hopper is set with inner machine. The four-legged furnace body base is bent leg. The difference between the shaft diameter of top wall of carbon cooling room and central axis of the perforated bottom wall aperture and center rotating shaft and central fixed shaft is 60-150 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base catalyst is an alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, ammonia, organic amines, alkaline earth oxides, rare earth oxide (La2O3, CeO2), alkaline earth and rare earth mixed oxide, hydrotalcite, cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite, lignocellulose furfural compounds are furfural, 5-methyl furfural, 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural, lignocellulosic branched ketone: methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl acetone branched propyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bioalcohol oil comprises 70 wt.% methanol, 13 wt.% ethanol, 6 wt.% stabilizer, 6 wt.% acetone, 0.4 wt.% ferrocene and 4.6 wt.% water. The stabilizer comprises 80 wt.% cottonseed oil and 20 wt.% glycerol. Preferred Method: The method further includes mixing cottonseed oil and glycerol, heating, and stirring. Heating is carried out at 230 degrees C. Stirring is carried out for 20-60 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: High proportion methanol gasoline compound additive comprises 50-60 wt.% fatty acid ester, 20-30 wt.% nitrate, 8-10 wt.% glycerol, 5-10 wt.% benzotriazole and 10 wt.% high carbon alcohol. Fuel includes 0.1-5 wt.% fuel additive. Preferred Component: Fatty acid ester is fatty acid methyl ester, fatty acid ethyl ester and/or fatty acid isopropyl ester. Nitrate is amyl nitrate, ethylhexyl nitrate and/or nitric acid cyclohexyl ester. Alcohol is ethanol, propanol, butanol, isopropanol and/or isobutanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Lignocellulosic biomass material is forest residues, agricultural straw and/or drying paper mill sludge. Fermentation bacteria are actinomycetes, bacillus and/or fungi.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Animal and vegetable oils are selected from soybean oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, phoenix tree seed oil, cotton seed oil, algae oil or lard. Waste oil is selected from catering waste oil or expired animal fats and vegetable oils. Low carbon alcohol is used in the process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solid alkali catalyst is lanthanum zinc-aluminium spinel or iron and zinc cyanide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: animal fats and vegetable oils or waste grease raw material with methanol or ethanol in mass ratio of 3:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic acid fermentation is carried out by feeding 15-15 L 70-75% raw sludge having pH value of 7-11 into main reaction vessel at 25-55 degrees C, stirring at 50-150 revolutions/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Straw is high moisture content green straw or low moisture content dry straw. Preferred Processes: Straw is pulverized into less than or equal to 3 mm small section, and water content is adjusted to 60-70% based on dry and wet conditions. Preprocessed straw is evaluated based on smell and texture in which straw should have strong sour smell and loose and soft texture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Conditions: Drying temperature is 50-80 degrees C. Drying time is 5-10 hours. Preferred Parameters: Humidity of drying process is 50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Nitrogen source is yeast extract or peptone. Oxygen air amount is 0.05-1 L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Fabric comprises surface layer, core layer, and bottom layer. Fabric is garment or bed linen. Surface layer is polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyamide (PA) polymer non-woven or suppressed film. Surface layer amount is 1-30 g/m2. Core layer is non-woven fabric. Core layer amount is 20-2000 g/m2. Bottom layer is PP, PE, PS, PET, and PA polymer non-woven or suppressed film. Bottom layer amount is 1-30 g/m2. Preferred Parameters: Fineness of surface layer is 0.1-10 mu m. Fineness of core layer is 2-2000 mu m. Fineness of bottom layer is 0.1-10 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Transgenic yeast hybrid is transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transgenic Pichia stipitis, or transgenic Candida shehatae yeast transferred to endoglucanase enzyme, cellobiohydrolase enzyme, and glucanase enzyme. Ratio of transgenic S. cerevisiae and transgenic P. stipitis:transgenic C. shehatae yeast is 1:0.8-1. Rice straw concentration is 150-230 g/L. Fermentation medium contains 0.3 g/L yeast extract, 2.5-3 g/L corn syrup, 7.5 g/L ammonium sulfate, 3.5 g/L dipotassium phosphate, 1 g/L urea, 0.75 g/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 1 g/L calcium chloride dihydrate. Preferred Conditions: Fermentation temperature is 30-38 degrees C. Fermentation time is 24-60 hours. Preferred Processes: Rice straw is batch fed in fermentation tank and pretreated by steam explosion. Preferred Parameters: The pH of rice straw is 6.2-6.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and/or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The catalyst is palladium(II) acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (both are preferred), palladium(II) chloride, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride, bis(tri-tert-butylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride or (bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride. The base is potassium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate, sodium carbonate or trisodium phosphate, where the molar amount of the base is 0.5-50 times the molar amount of (VII). Weight ratio of the organic solvent to (VII) is 5-50 ml/g, preferably 10-30 ml/g. Molar amount of palladium catalyst is 0.01-10 times (preferably 0.03-0.5 times) the molar amount of (VII). Preferred Method: The coupling reaction is carried out at 25-180 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises: (i) dissolving cabazitaxel in ethyl acetate or ethyl acetate-other organic solvent by heating to obtain mixed solvent; (ii) heating at 25-60 degrees C and crystallizing; and (iii) washing and drying the crystals. Preferred Components: (I) includes 9-10% ethyl acetate. (I) exhibits x-ray diffraction pattern with peaks given in the specification. (I) shows characteristic endothermic peak at 127-177 degrees C and 207-250 degrees C respectively by differential scanning calorimetry. The other organic solvent includes 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetone and/or n-hexane. The amount of ethyl acetate in mixed solvent is greater than or equal to 50 vol.%. The concentration of cabazitaxel in solution is 0.02-0.2 g/ml. Preferred Method: The method comprises: (i) dissolving 0.1-1% cabazitaxel in ethyl acetate or ethyl acetate-other organic solvent by heating at 50-85 degrees C to obtain mixed solvent; (ii) heating the mixed solvent at 25-60 degrees C to obtain seed crystal, cooling to 0-20 degrees C and stirring for crystallization; and (iii) washing and drying the crystals at 20-60 degrees C under vacuum. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Polyurethane foam is utilized as biological carrier, sodium alginate is utilized as embedding agent and calcium chloride is utilized as cross-linking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The supercritical fluid extraction is performed using 5 vol.% ethanol as entrainer solvent. The supercritical fluid extraction is carried for 200 minutes. The flow rate of carbon dioxide is 3 ml/g of crude drugx minute. The microwave extraction is carried out at 700 W. ACTIVITY - Antitussive; Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The supercritical CO2 extraction is conducted at 25 MPa, 60 degrees C and flow rate of 2 ml/g raw medicine-minute for 200 minutes. The microwave power is 700 W. The microwave extraction is conducted for 8 minutes. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The biomass feedstock is chosen from wood scraps, wood waste product, wood chips generated by from wood processing, wheat straw, corn straw, sorghum straw, cotton stalks, rice straw, pole beans and peanut shells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The solid alkali catalyst has different powder X-ray diffraction characteristic peaks (d/nm) at different angle (2 theta ). The solid alkali catalyst has powder X-ray diffraction characteristic peak of 2.75-2.9 d/nm at angle of 31.25-31.35 degrees , 2.4-2.5 d/nm at angle of 36.75-36.85 degrees , 1.95-2.05 d/nm at angle of 44.7-44.85 degrees , 1.75-1.9 d/nm at angle of 48.95-49.1 degrees , 1.6-1.7 d/nm at angle of 55.45-55.55 degrees , 1.5-1.6 d/nm at angle of 59.3-59.45 degrees , 1.35-1.5 d/nm at angle of 65.1-65.25 degrees , 1.2-1.3 d/nm at angle of 74.1-75.25 degrees and 1.1-1.25 d/nm at angle of 77.55-77.7 degrees . Preferred Composition: The concentration of total metal ion in solution (A) is preferably 1-2 mol/L. The amount of alkaline precipitating agent in solution (B) is preferably 2.5-4 mol/L. The molar ratio of zinc, aluminum and lanthanum in aluminum and lanthanum salt solution (A) is 1:1.5-2.5:0.015-0.1. The zinc is provided as zinc chloride, zinc sulfate or zinc acetate. The aluminum is provided as aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate or aluminum sulfate. The lanthanum is provided as lanthanum chloride or lanthanum nitrate. The alkaline precipitating agent comprises sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, sodium aluminate solution, potassium hydroxide solution and/or potassium carbonate solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carrier is aluminum oxide and/or zirconium oxide. The auxiliary agent oxide is chosen from cobalt oxide, lanthanum oxide, iron oxide, cerium oxide and dysprosium oxide. The soluble salt carrier is aluminum nitrate or zirconyl nitrate. The soluble salt auxiliary agent oxide is cobalt nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, dysprosium nitrate, cerium nitrate or ferric nitrate. Preferred Property: The catalyst has particle size of 80-250 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The soluble organic fuel is glycol, urea and/or glycine. The adding amount of soluble organic fuel with respect to catalyst is 30-400 wt.%. The heat-conducting oil is THERMINOL (R) VP-1 (RTM: heat transfer fluid). The hydrogenated terphenyl is SHHG-340-type hydrogenated terphenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The refrigerating oil further comprises polyolester. The polyolester is neopentyl glycol di(2-ethylhexanoate) or pentaerythritol tetra-2-ethyl hexanoate. The content of monoester and polyolester is 75-95 %mass and 5-25 %mass, respectively. The monoester is n-octanol or 2-ethylhexanoic acid ester. The content of acid-absorbing agent is 0.01-1 %mass. The refrigerating oil further comprises 1-100 %mass metal deactivator containing benzotriazole structure, 0.01-1 %mass oily agent having 2 or more hydroxyl groups in a molecule and 1-100 ppm silicone oil chosen from terminal-polyalkylene glycol or acrylate-modified silicone oil or fluorinated silicone oil. Preferred Properties: The refrigerating oil has kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C, flash point, acid value and volume resistivity at 25 degrees C of 2-4 mm2/second, more than 130 degrees C, 0.1 mg potassium hydroxide/g or less and 10 G( Omega )m or more, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reforming reactor is carbon dioxide reforming reactor, partial oxidation reforming reactor, or steam and carbon dioxide reforming reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid fuel is marine gas oil (MGO), marine diesel oil (MDO) (preferred), methanol, dimethyl ether (DME) or liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). Preferred Method: The reforming reaction includes steam reforming reaction, where the reformation reaction is carried out using a catalyst including nickel, platinum, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium or gold. The desulfurization process carried out is hydrodesulfurization (HDS). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The mass ratio of microbial fermentation bacteria liquid and composite nutrient is 1-2:1. The nitrogen element is from urea and/or ammonium sulfate. The phosphorus element is from monoammonium phosphate and/or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The potassium element is from potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and/or potassium nitrate. The amino acid complex is glycine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline or serine. Preferred Method: The method comprises inoculating B. thuringiensis, B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens into liquid fermentation culture medium, fermenting at 37 degrees C and 200 rpm for 16 hours, collecting the fermentation culture liquid. The fermentation culture medium comprises 6 mass% Enteromorpha, 1 mass% glucose, 0.6 mass% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate, 0.3 mass% monopotassium phosphate, 0.15 mass% urea, 0.5 mass% yeast powder, 0.41 mass% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and balance water. The composite nutrient comprises 17 pts. wt. urea, 36 pts. wt. monoammonium phosphate, 2 pts. wt. potassium sulfate, 2 pts. wt. calcium, 3 pts. wt. magnesium sulfate, 4 pts. wt. magnesium, 0.5 pt. wt. zinc sulfate, 0.5 pt. wt. zinc, 0.4 pt. wt. manganese sulfate, 0.5 pt. wt. manganese, 1 pt. wt. boric acid, 2 pts. wt. chelated iron, 0.5 pt. wt. chelated copper and 2 pts. wt. composite amino acid. The composite amino acid comprises 3 pts. wt. glycine, 2 pts. wt. histidine, 6 pts. wt. lysine, 3 pts. wt. methionine, 5 pts. wt. phenylalanine, 4 pts. wt. proline and 8 pts. wt. serine. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: (V) is treated with the benzyl halide in a solvent including toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran and/or ethanol. (VI) is: treated with methylamine in the presence of a catalyst; and treated with methylamine in a solvent including methanol, ethanol and/or propanol. The step (d) is: carried out in the presence of a reducing agent including sodium borohydride and potassium borohydride; and carried out in the presence of a solvent including methanol, ethanol, propanol and/or water. Preferred Components: The benzyl halide is benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide and benzyl iodide. The catalyst is cuprous oxide, copper powder, cuprous iodide, and cuprous bromide. EXAMPLE - 7.28 g of Sodium borohydride was added to a cooled solution of 13 g of 1-benzyl-4-methyl-3-(methylamino)pyridinium bromide in 68 ml of ethanol and 7.5 ml of water at 0-5 degrees C over 30 minutes. The temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 25 degrees C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 hours at 20-25 degrees C. 50 ml of Water was added to the resulting mass and filtered to remove inorganic salt. The filtrate was extracted with 100 ml of dichloromethane under vacuum at 35 degrees C to obtain a dark brown oily mass. The oily mass was treated with 10% of ethanolic hydrochloric acid and crystallized in acetone to give 5.2 g of 1-benzyl-N,4-dimethyl-piperidin-3-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polypeptide, comprises: either cultivating a cell, which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide, under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; or cultivating the host cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; or cultivating the transgenic plant or plant cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide. Preferred Components: The polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, or SEQ ID NO: 6, or its mature polypeptide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process-I further comprises recovering the degraded cellulosic material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.