TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The battery configuration is one of the redox couples at the cathode and the anode, in which the cathode comprises V5+/V4+, F2/F-, O2/O2-, O3/O2, Ag2+/Ag+, Co3+/Co2+, N2O/N2, Ce4+/Ce3+, Au+/Au, Mn7+/Mn4+, Ni4+/Ni2+, Mn3+/Mn2+, Pb4+/Pb2+, Au3+/Au+, Cl2/Cl-, Ti3+/Ti2+, Mn4+/Mn2+, Cu2+/Cu+, plutonium (Pu, Pu5+/Pu4+), Br2/Br-, I5+/I-, Fe3+/Fe2+, Pu4+/Pu3+, mercury (Hg, Hg2+/Hg22+), uranium (U, U5+/U4+), Ag2+/Ag+, V4+/V3+, ruthenium (Ru, Ru3+/Ru2+), Sn4+/Sn2+, Cl2/Cl-, I2/I-, or Fe3+/Fe2+, and the anode comprises V3+/V2+, neptunium (Np, Np4+/Np3+), Sn4+/Sn2+, strontium (Sr, Sr2+/Sr), Ba2+/Ba, Ce3+/Ce, Zn2+/Zn, As5+/As3+, U4+/U3+, antimony (Sb, Sb5+/Sb3+), sulfur (S, S4+/S2+), Ti4+/Ti2+, In3+/In2+, Ni4+/Ni2+, S/S2-, Cr3+/Cr2+, In2+/In+, Ti3+/Ti2+, europium (Eu, Eu3+/Eu2+), Pb2+/Pb, thallium (Tl, Tl+/Tl), Ti4+/Ti3+, Na+/Na, Li+/Li, potassium (K, K+/K), Mg+/Mg, Mg2+/Mg, Ca+/Ca, Ca2+/Ca, Sr+/Sr, or beryllium (Be, Be2+/Be). The concentration of the redox couples is 0.02-100 mol dm-3. The redox couples are V(V)/V(IV) and V(III)/(II) at the cathode and the anode, respectively or Fe3+/Fe2+. The concentration of the redox couples V(V)/V(IV) and V(III)/(II) is 0.001-10 mol dm-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte is a polar organic solvent or an ionic liquid. The polar organic solvent includes acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, acetyl acetone, 2-aminoethanol, aniline, anisole, benzene, benzonitrile, benzyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, iso-butanol, 2-butanone, tert-butyl alcohol, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, chloroform, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, di-n-butylphthalate, 1,1-dichloroethane, dichloroethane, diethylamine, diethylene glycol, diglyme, dimethoxyethane (glyme), N,N-dimethylaniline, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl phthalate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dioxane, ethanol, ether, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl benzoate, ethylene glycol, heptane, hexane, methanol, methyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), methylene chloride, 1-octanol, pentane, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene or p-xylene. The ionic liquid is an inorganic salt made of the combination of cathions including ammonium, imidazolium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, phosphonium and sulfonium cations with anions including diethyl phosphate, bromide, iodide, chloride, methyl sulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, (trimethylpentyl)phosphinate, dicyanamide, decanoate, triflate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate, perfluorobutanesulfonate, hexafluorophosphates, tetrafluoroborates, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, thiocyanate, dicyanamide, acetate, trifluoroacetate, nitrate, tetrachloroferrate, tetrathiocyanocobaltate and methyl carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The additive is poly(ethylene imine), polyamidoamine, polypropyleneimine, cyclotriphosphazene dendrimers, polyglycerol, thiophosphoryl dendrimers, polyacrylonitrile, cis-1,4-polybutadiene, trans-1,4-polybutadiene, poly(1-butene), polybutylene terephthalate, polycaprolactam, polycarbonate, poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether), polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethylene, polyethylene hexamethylene dicarbamate, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene sulfide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyhexamethylene adipamide, poly(hexamethylene sebacamide), polyimide, polyisobutylene, poly(p-methylstyrene), polyoxymethylene, polypentamethylene hexamethylene dicarbamate, poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), poly(phenylene oxide), poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), polypropylene, polypropylene oxide, polystyrene, PTFE, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, or poly(vinyl methyl ether), preferably a dendrimer comprising dendritic poly(ethyleneimine). The dendritic poly(ethyleneimine) has a molecular weight of 0.3-750 kDa. The dendritic poly(ethyleneimine) is present in a concentration of 0.001-30 wt.% per volume. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.