TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extractant is recovered by at least one phase change. The phase changes comprise distillation, freezing, condensation and/or dissociation. The extractant is not miscible with water or other diluent and is recovered by centrifugation, membrane separation, or by suction or gravity draining after the extractant and diluent separate. The ammonium compounds are ammonium hydroxide (preferred), ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium citrate, ammonium lactate, ammonium oxalate and/or ammonium succinate, where the ammonium hydroxide is recovered by separately distilling off ammonia and water at 30-100 degrees C, and recombining the ammonia and the water into ammonium hydroxide at 0-20 degrees C. The method further comprises: diluting the extractant with water and/or an organic solvent; and preleaching the fungal biomass in hot water and/or an organic solvent, or preleaching the fungal biomass in at least one oxidizing solution or bleach; pretreating the fungal biomass with ozone; preleaching the fungal biomass with a reducing bleach. The extractant is combined with at least one alcohol, alkane, alkene, carboxylic acid, ester and/or ether. The protein and oil are dissolved at 0-100?C, and at atmospheric pressure. The solvent comprises at least one volatile extractant and the protein and oil are dissolved at 0-100 degrees C, and a gauge pressure of 0-2000 kPa (0-290 psi). The protein and oil are dissolved at 100-150 degrees C, and under a pressure sufficient to raise the boiling point of the solvent to at least 100 degrees C. The method further comprises decomposing the ammonium compounds by heating, evaporating, and condensing the compounds, and then reacting the decomposed compounds at a lower temperature to recover the ammonium compound. The method further comprises removing the alkaline silicate compounds by washing the chitin with water, precipitating the silicate compounds from the wash water by acidifying the solution to a pH 6-9, and reactivating the precipitated silicates with sodium hydroxide. The solvent has a freezing point higher than the freezing point of water, and the method further comprises recovering the solvent by freezing and screening out the frozen solids. Preferred Components: The extractant is a primary, secondary, tertiary and/or cyclic amine, preferably ethanolamine, methylamine, isopropylamine and/or dipropylamine. One of the oxidizing solutions is hydrogen peroxide. The alkaline silicate compounds comprise organic and/or inorganic silicate compounds, preferably sodium silicate and/or potassium silicate. EXAMPLE - Ammonium hydroxide (concentration of less than or equal to 30%) was used as the extractant at 0-150 degrees C and pressures of 0-1000 kPa to extract protein and chitin was obtained using 15 wt/vol.% aqueous ammonium hydroxide at 60 degrees C in a closed reactor to maintain adequate pressure to avoid venting off the ammonia. Fungal biomass was preleached in methanol. Then 1% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution was dissociated by heating at 40-45 degrees C under ambient pressure, the resultant ammonia vapors were cooled and dissolved in water at 20 degrees C, thus recovering the ammonium hydroxide. The methanol was recovered by continued distillation at temperatures increasing to 80 degrees C, and condensing the methanol vapors at temperatures below 64 degrees C.