TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active material in the base composition comprises lithium iron phosphate. The doped carbon composition is a nitrogen-doped carbon composition. The coating composition comprises the nitrogen-doped carbon composition, where the nitrogen-doped carbon composition comprises a nitrogen doping element comprising pyridine, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (preferred) and/or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide. The base composition of the anode comprises at least 90 wt.% of lithium as the primary electrochemically active material of the anode. The base composition of the anode comprises mesoporous metal oxide microspheres, having (a) microspheres with an average diameter of 200 nm and 10 mu m, and (b) mesopores on the surface and interior of the microspheres, where the mesopores have an average diameter of 1-50 nm and the microspheres have a surface area of 50-500 m2/g. In the method, the elevated temperature is at least 700 degrees c and the inert gas is argon. The electrode comprises 0.1-20 wt.% of carbon and 0.01-5 wt.% of non-metal or metalloid element. The coating composition covers at least a portion of the cathode, forming a coated cathode where the capacity is at least 10% greater at 3C, or at least 30% greater at 5C, when compared with a cathode having the same base composition and an undoped carbon coating composition, or in the electrode, the capacity is at least 10% greater at 3C, or at least 30% greater at 5C, when compared with an electrode having the same base composition without a coating composition. The coating composition covers at least a portion of the cathode, forming a coated cathode having a capacity of at least 125 mAh/g at a rate of C/10, at least 120 mAh/g at a rate of 1C, at least 110 mAh/g at a rate of 3C, or at least 98 mAh/g at a rate of 5C, or the electrode has a capacity of at least 125 mAh/g at a rate of C/10, at least 120 mAh/g at a rate of 1C, at least 110 mAh/g at a rate of 3C, or at least 98 mAh/g at a rate of 5C. In the battery, the coated cathode comprises 0.1-20 wt.% of carbon, and the non-metal or metalloid element comprises 0.01-10 wt.% of the coated cathode. EXAMPLE - Rod-like lithium iron phosphate powders were obtained by hydrothermal reaction. The aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide and glucose was first stirred for 1 hour. The aqueous solution of the iron sulfate heptahydrate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate was then added to the above reaction mixture, then 40 ml of the transparent solution obtained was transferred into a 100 ml Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluoroethylene liner) lined autoclave and was heated at 220 degrees C for 24 hours with a heating/cooling rate of 2 degrees C/minute. The resultant slurry was then filtered and washed with deionized water before drying in a vacuum oven, then 0.1 ml of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide was mixed with 0.5 g of prepared rod-like lithium iron phosphate powders, to obtain a electrode.