TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Before usage of alkane as internal standard, negative electrode potential is applied to platinum or palladium working electrode, therefore reducing oxygen to form reduced oxygen species. Prior to using alkane as internal standard and after applying negative electrode potential, method further comprises identifying oxygen cathodic current or oxygen cathodic current density at negative electrode potential, oxygen cathodic current or oxygen cathodic current density being related to square root of concentration of reaction product and concentration of reaction product being proportional to alkane anodic current or alkane anodic current density. Process of using alkane as internal standard includes normalizing oxygen cathodic current at negative electrode potential using square root of alkane anodic current to generate normalized oxygen cathodic current value and calculating concentration of oxygen using normalized oxygen cathodic current value and linear regression fitting. Application of positive electrode potential and negative electrode potential is accomplished using chronoamperometry. Chronoamperometry is accomplished by using double potential step method which involves applying positive electrode potential for 1st predetermined amount of time, switching positive electrode potential to negative electrode potential, applying negative electrode potential for 2nd predetermined amount of time, switching negative electrode potential back to positive electrode potential, and applying positive electrode potential for 3rd predetermined amount of time. Reduced oxygen species react with reaction product of alkane oxidation to regenerate oxygen. Preferred Components: Electrode potentials are referenced to quasi platinum reference electrode. Reaction product is carbon dioxide. Preferred Parameters: Positive electrode potential is greater than or equal to 0.9 V positive electrode potential. Negative electrode potential is greater than or equal to - 1.2 V negative electrode potential.