TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves collecting and returning fermentation residues to the farm. The method involves using a biological or biomimetic reaction to delignify biomass feedstock. The biomimetic reaction is selected from Fenton chemistry, adding iron and peroxide to biomass feedstock, and/or adding transition metal and peroxide to biomass feedstock. The biological reaction is selected from adding fungus to biomass feedstock, and/or adding white-rot basidiomycete to biomass feedstock. The method involves delignifying biomass feedstock by using a fungus. The cellulase production reaction is produced by contacting biomass feedstock with an anaerobic microorganism. The anaerobic microorganism is a thermophile or mesophile. The solventogenic reaction is produced by contacting biomass feedstock with attached cellulase with microorganisms (M'). The method involves percolating water or media through biomass feedstock as it is undergoing hydrolysis/solventogenesis so as to remove organic acids and solvents and maintain favorable anaerobic organism growth conditions for solventogenic reaction; holding biomass feedstock in a reaction vessel, maintaining a first set of reaction conditions in reaction vessel when subjecting delignified biomass to cellulase production reaction and maintaining a second, different set of reaction conditions in reaction vessel when delignified biomass with attached cellulase are subjected to simultaneous cellulolytic and solventogenic reactions; and establishing first and second set of reaction conditions by controlling environmental conditions selected from chemical pretreatment, active temperature control, oxygen content, and/or pH to repress competing microorganisms. In method, first set of reaction conditions include an anaerobic environment with thermophilic temperatures (50-65 degrees C) or mesophilic temperatures (25-40 degrees C) and pH appropriate to the cellulase producing microorganism; and second set of reaction conditions include anaerobic environment with thermophilic temperatures (25-40 degrees C) and pH appropriate to the solventogenic microorganism. The method involves using an agricultural bulk storage system where reactions occur in reaction vessel. The method further involves removing lignin degradation products; fermentation products derived from cellulase production; and fermentation products derived from solventogenesis from reaction vessel. The method involves removing organic acids and solvents by counter current extraction with a hydrophobic, nontoxic solvent with limited solubility in water; or by adsorption using a hydrophobic high-surface area material selected from a group consisting of activated carbon, activated charcoal, high-silica hydrophobic zeolites, ion exchange resins, and/or mesoporous silica-based adsorbents derived by silane chemistry. The method involves removing fermentation products by membrane separation using materials. The method involves returning fermentation residues to farm by feeding to animals on farm, gasifying at farm, combusting at farm or applying to land at farm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fungus is selected from a member of a genus Phanerochaete consisting of Phanerochaete aculeate, Phanerochaete affinis, Phanerochaete allantospora, Phanerochaete angustocystidiata, Phanerochaete argillacea, Phanerochaete arizonica, Phanerochaete australis, Phanerochaete avellanea, Phanerochaete brunnea, Phanerochaete brunneocystidiata, Phanerochaete burtii, Phanerochaete calotricha, Phanerochaete canolutea, Phanerochaete carnosa, Phanerochaete chrysorhiza, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Phanerochaete deflectens, Phanerochaete ericina, Phanerochaete flava, Phanerochaete flavidoalba, Phanerochaete ginnsii, Phanerochaete hiulca, Phanerochaete intertexta, Phanerochaete laevis, Phanerochaete lamprocystidiata, Phanerochaete laxa, Phanerochaete leptoderma, Phanerochaete lutea, Phanerochaete magnolia, Phanerochaete odontoidea, Phanerochaete parmastoi, Phanerochaete pseudomagnoliae, Phanerochaete rimosa, Phanerochaete sanguinea, Phanerochaete sordida, Phanerochaete stereoides, Phanerochaete subceracea, Phanerochaete subglobosa, Phanerochaete subodontoidea, Phanerochaete taiwaniana, Phanerochaete tropica, Phanerochaete tuberculata, and/or Phanerochaete velutina. The anaerobic microorganism is selected from a genus group consisting of Clostridium, Thermobifida, Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus, and/or Butyrivibrio (preferably Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium cellulovorans, Clostridium lentocellum, Thermobifida fusca, Thermobifida cellulosilytica, Thermobifida alba, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Fibrobacter intestinalis, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus champanellensis, Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, Ruminococcus lactaris, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Butyrivibrio hungatei, Butyrivibrio crossotus, and/or Butyrivibrio proteoclastic). The microorganism (M') is selected from Clostridium and/or Saccharomyces (preferably Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinkii, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium kluyveri, Clostridium ljungdahii, Clostridium saccharolyticum, Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum, Clostridium sporogenes, Saccharomyces boulardii, Saccharomyces arboricola, Saccharomyces bayanus, Saccharomyces cariocanus, Saccharomyces cariocus, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Saccharomyces castelli, and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrophobic, nontoxic solvent is selected from mesitylene, kerosene, biodiesel gasoline, alcohol heavier than hexanol, ester derivatives of fermentation products, oleyl alcohol, butyl butyrate, and/or glycerol tributyrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The material is selected from hydrophobic nonporous membrane into which solvents dissolve selectively, poly(dimethylsiloxane) membrane, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membrane, poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane, porous membrane functionalized to promote pervaporation or perstraction of fementation-derived solvents, poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane, poly(ethersulfone) membrane, anodized alumina membrane, track-etched polycarbonate membrane, and/or mesoporous silica-based membrane derived by surfactant templating. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.