TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nanoparticles are surface-treated or surface-modified with surface anchor, electron conductor, ion conductor or dispersant. Preferred Composition: The nanoparticles comprise metal, intermetallic, metal oxide, mixed metal oxide, partially fluorinated metal oxides and phosphates, metal phosphate, metal alloy and/or carbonaceous material. The surface anchor comprises silane, phosphate, carboxylate or thiol. The electrolyte comprises salt and polar solvent. The salt is lithium-bisoxalatoborate, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, lithium difluoro bis(oxalato) phosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoro borate, lithium hexafluoro arsenate, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium trifluoro methyl sulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoro methyl sulfonyl)imide, lithium tris(trifluoro methyl sulfonyl)methane, lithium bis(trifluoro ethyl sulfonyl)imide and/or lithium alkyl fluorophosphate. The electrolyte comprises aqueous solution comprising salt. The salt comprises chloride, perchlorate, phosphate, sulfate and/or nitrate, preferably lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, calcium perchlorate, magnesium perchlorate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, monosodium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, lithium phosphate, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and/or potassium nitrate. The electroactive nanoparticles comprise intercalating ion (A), transition metal (M), AyMOx, AyM1M2Ox, AyMP04, AyM1M2P04, intermetallics, intermetallic alloys, metal oxides and/or carbonaceous materials, where y is 0-2, and x is 2-4. The electroactive nanoparticles comprise lithium, sodium, magnesium, tin, calcium, zinc, aluminum, silicon, germanium, boron, yttrium, zirconium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, indium, antimony, bismuth, lanthanum, cerium, strontium, barium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, aluminum, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, copper-tin (Cu6Sn5), copper-tin (Co2Sn), nickel-tin (Ni3Sn4), indium antimonide, ferro aluminum, iron aluminide, nickel-aluminum, iron-cobalt-vanadium, iron oxide (FeOx), magnesium oxide, nickel oxide (NiOx), strontium oxide (SrOx), zinc oxide (ZnOx), titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, vanadium oxide (VxOy), zirconium oxide (ZrOx), tin oxide (SnOx), silicon oxide (SiOx), silver oxide (AgxO), tungsten oxide (WxOy), iron oxide (FexOy), manganese oxide (MnxOy), cobalt oxide (CoxOy), chromium oxide (CrxOy), molybdenum oxide (MoxOy), fullerene, fullerite, graphite, graphene, multilayered graphene sheet, graphene nanoribbons, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and carbon composites with transitional metal oxides, silicon, tin, bismuth, germanium and intermetallic alloy e.g. copper-tin (Cu6Sn5). The volume ratio of nanoparticles is 10-60%. 20. The nanoelectrofuel composition comprises 80 vol.% or more self-suspending nanoparticles. Preferred Properties: The nanoparticles have dimension of 1-500 nm. The nanoelectrofuel has viscosity of 10,000 cP or less at room temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar solvent comprises ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl butyrate, n-butyrolactone, n-methylpyrrolidinone and/or vinylene carbonate. An organic ion used in preparation of self-suspended nanoelectrofuel is organic cation comprising mercapto-alkyl-ammonium salt, mercapto-imidazolium salt, mercapto-phosphonium salt and/or mercapto-pyrrolidonium salt, preferably carboxylate, phosphate and/or sulfonate. The solvent used in preparation of self-suspended nanoelectrofuel comprises alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, ether, ketone and/or carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nanoparticles are surface-modified with polymer. The polymer is polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and/or their co-polymers. The ion conducting materials comprises polyethylene oxide, polythiophene, polystyrene sulfonate, or single ion conductor. The dispersant comprises carbonate, polyketone, polyacrylate and/or 8-40C alkyl anion or cation. The current collectors of battery comprise conductive shot, conductive fiber and/or conductive mesh.