TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Supported metal catalyst is prepared by reducing at 100-500 degrees C for 1-24 hours under protection of hydrogen and/or nitrogen atmosphere. Supported metal catalyst is prepared by using carrier, active metal component, and auxiliary catalyst which is alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and/or rare earth metal in which loading amount of auxiliary catalyst is 1-20 wt.%, mechanically mixing active metal component precursor, auxiliary catalyst precursor which is nitrate, hydroxide, or carbonate of auxiliary catalyst, and carbon material powder to obtain catalyst precursor powder in which mechanical mixing includes ball milling, grinding, manual mixing, or pneumatic mixing, tabletting by tablet press, crushing to obtain catalyst precursor particles, calcining, and reducing, or adding water to auxiliary catalyst precursor to obtain 0.01-0.2 g/ml dipping solution, immersing carbon material for 10-20 hours, drying to remove water to obtain auxiliary catalyst-loaded carbon material carrier, mechanically mixing with active metal component precursor, tabletting by tablet press, crushing to obtain catalyst precursor particles, calcining, and reducing. Preferred Components: Active metal component precursor is metal carbonyl complex, organometallic compound, and/or nitrate, preferably triruthenium dodecacarbonyl (Ru3(CO)12), ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate (Ru(C5H7O2)3), or cobalt nitrate. Alkali metal is sodium, potassium, rubidium, or cesium, alkaline earth metal is calcium, magnesium, silver, or barium, and rare earth metal is lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), or samarium (Sm).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carbon material is activated carbon, graphite, high surface area graphite, graphene, carbon black, or carbon nanotube, preferably high surface area graphite. Preferred Parameters: Carbon material has specific surface area of 20-1300 m2/g. High surface area graphite has specific surface area of 100-1300 m2/g.