TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first closure device and the second closure device are respectively closed by an overpressure above a closure pressure threshold value in the operating chamber, and are held closed. The first closure device and the second closure device comprises spring elements, and opening and closing elements, preferably on the basis of valves and/or in the form of pivoted flaps. The spring element opens the closure devices as long as the pressure in the operating chamber is less than the closure pressure threshold value. The pivoted flaps are pressed against the mouth openings of the supply channel and the discharge channel in the operating chamber. The piston arrangement comprises a chamber piston led in a cylinder of the operating device and an operating piston led in the connecting channel. The chamber piston is applied frontally on the operating piston. The chamber piston is pressed against the operating piston by means of a biasing spring. The operating device is separated from the supply device with the chamber piston, and the operating device is displaceable against the supply device perpendicular to the operating direction of the piston arrangement. The switching means of the supply device comprises a drivable shaft, which extends transversely to the connecting channel and is bounded at one of its ends. The connecting channel is connected with the first pressure reservoir by means of a first opening provided in the shaft in a first rotary angle region. The connecting channel is connected with the second pressure reservoir by means of a second opening provided in the shaft in a second rotary angle region. The connecting channel is closed in a fluid-tight manner in a third rotary angle region at the end side. The first and/or second opening in the shaft is a through-hole, which passes through the shaft. The first and/or second opening in the shaft is a recess on the outer surface of the shaft.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic catalyst is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or Lewis acid. The Lewis acid catalyst is chosen from zinc chloride, zinc chloride dihydrate and zinc acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of formaldehyde in aqueous solution of formaldehyde is 25-35 wt.%. The formaldehyde is poly-formaldehyde. The molar ratio of 3-cyanpropionaldehyde and formaldehyde is 1:3.5-5. The alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol or propanol. The 1-4C alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol or sec-butyl alcohol. The ether solvent is tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran or methyl tert-butyl ether. The 2-aminoacid ester hydrochloride is chosen from 2-amino-propionate hydrochloride, 2-amino-propionate hydrochloride, 2-amino acid ester hydrochloride or 2-amino acid ester hydrochloride. The ratio of 5-formyl-6-cyano-1,3-dioxo-cycloheptane and 2-amino-propionate hydrochloride is 1:1-1.3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: Preparation of bavachin ether C ring carbonyl reduction product is carried out by preparing 105-108 P. raistrickki with preservation number ATCC No. 10490 spore suspension, inoculating 5-15% in fresh fermentation medium, culturing at 26-30 degrees C with 120-200 r/minute stirring for 24-60 hours to obtain bacterial fermentation liquid, dissolving bacterial fermentation liquid in bavachin ether, culturing at 26-30 degrees C with 120-200 r/minute stirring for 24-60 hours to perform conversion reaction, filtering, separating fermentation liquid and mycelium, extracting fermentation liquid and mycelium with organic solvent, combining extracts, vacuum concentrating, and separating by silica gel chromatography. Preferred Parameters: Fermentation medium has pH of 7-8. Preferred Compositions: Fermentation medium contains 5-30 g/L glucose, 5-15 g/L corn syrup, 1-3 g/L sodium nitrate, 0.5-2 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-3 g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2-1 g/L magnesium sulfate, 0.01-0.03 g/L ferrous sulfate, and 0.2-1 g/L potassium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Bavachin ether C ring carbonyl reduction product is purified by recrystallization with organic solvent. Preferred Components: Recrystallization organic solvent is petroleum ether, acetone, hexane, acetonitrile, or methanol. Dissolution organic solvent is ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, or dimethylformamide. Extraction organic solvent is ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol, methanol, or butyl acetate. Preferred Compositions: Final concentration of bavachin ether C ring carbonyl reduction product is 0.01-0.1 g/L. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The fertilizer is irrigated for 3 times after the seedling period. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method includes adjusting pH of solution A using inorganic alkali 10-12.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of sodium polyacrylate and alkali solution of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.01-0.03.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of active component NiO is 5-20 mass%. The content of CaO is 1-10 mass%
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Heating temperature of potassium-containing rock and hydrochloric acid is 70-100 degrees C. Heating temperature of solid A and fluoride salt is 90-140 degrees C. Preferred Compositions: Neutralizing agent is calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and/or calcium carbonate. Releasing agent is 60-98% sulfuric acid. Conversion agent is sodium hydroxide. Potassium-containing rock is potassium feldspar, potassium-containing shale, mica, nepheline, and silicate minerals. Fluoride salt is ammonium fluoride. Mixing ratio of solid A to 10-35% fluoride salt is 1:(2-8). Mixing ratio of potassium-containing rock to hydrochloric acid is 2-4. Concentration of hydrochloric acid is 8-30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The aerobic fermented sludge has water content of less than 45%. The crushing is performed using crusher. The screening is performed using mesh having diameter of 8-15. The hot air drying is performed at 400-600 degrees C. The hot air dried sludge has water content of 8-15%. The pressing is formed in fuel rod having diameter of 8-33 mm, and length of more than 20 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 5 pts. wt. of ferrous sulfate, 2 pts. wt. of borax, 50 pts. wt. of sheep manure, 5 pts. wt. of Bacillus subtilis, 22 pts. wt. of lees, 25 pts. wt. of potato skins, 30 pts. wt. of sugar cane waste, 15 pts. wt. of walnut skin, 2 pts. wt. of Bacillus pumilus, 7 pts. wt. of yeast, 6 pts. wt. of Trichoderma, and 30 pts. wt. of cow dung. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The livestock and poultry excrement comprises 45-75 wt.% pig manure and 25-55 wt.% chicken manure. Preferred Method: The carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio is less than 25. The fermentation is carried out at temperature of 40-45 degrees C, preferably 45 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 10 %mass microbial strain agent, 20 %mass ammonium sulfate, 10 %mass urea, 10 %mass amino acid, 10 %mass humic acid, 10 %mass monoammonium phosphate, 10 %mass potassium sulfate, 10 %mass potassium nitrate, 5 %mass ammonium humate and 5 %mass sodium humate. The inducing agent comprises 12.5 pts. wt. naphthalene acetic acid solution and 18 pts. wt. ethanol solution. The inclined culture medium comprises 5-20 g/l starch, 3-10 g/l dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 g/l magnesium sulfate, 0.5-5 g/l yeast extract, 3-10 g/l sucrose, 2-5 g/l magnesium sulfate, 1-5 g/l carbonate, 1-10 g/l silica, 0.02-1 g/l ferric chloride (p? 7.2-7.4). The seed culture medium comprises 10 g peptone, 5 g glucose, 0.15 g dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.5 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 g manganese sulfate monohydrate, 1.5 g magnesium sulfate and 1000 ml distilled water (pH 7). The shake flask fermentation condition includes temperature of 37 degrees C, fermentation time of 24 hours, pH of 7, and rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute (rpm). The adsorbent is monosodium glutamate. The adsorbent is seaweed powder which is fermented for 30 minutes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chemical fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphate, potash and calcium fertilizer in a ratio of 2:1:1:2. The insecticidal biological substance is castor seed and/or chinaberry seed in a weight ratio of 1:1. Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting mixture for 5-6 days and sealing mixture. The method involves pressing mixture at pressure of 130-150 t/m2. The method further involves cutting plate into block, and vacuum-sealing plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent is carbon five alkane, carbon six alkane, benzene, toluene, xylene, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile, N-formylmorpholine, N-methylimidazole or N,N-dimethylformamide. Exhaust gas comprises 0-5 wt.% butane, 0-15 wt.% butene, 20-60 wt.% butadiene, and 20-50 wt.% ethyl acetylene and vinyl acetylene. Preferred Methods: The absorption tower is maintained at 30-50 degrees C under 0.1-0.2 MPa. Hydrogenation reactor is maintained at 20-150 degrees C under 0.5-5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The gravel filtering layer has grain size of 10-20 mm and particle diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm. The grain diameter of the coal powder is less than 10 mm. Preferred Composition: The amount of coal powder contained in the oil sludge granule fuel is 3-6 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Preparation of oil sludge granule fuel further involves reducing the water content of the oil sludge, and filtering oil sludge using water-collecting groove having a gravel filtering layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The nitrogen flow enables smooth feeding of blue algae raw material into the reaction furnace.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Culture: The expanded culture is performed using Luria-Bertani liquid culture medium at 20-30 degrees C and 150 rotations/minute for 24-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: Height to diameter ratio of sequencing batch reactor with mechanical stirrer is 2-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Nitrite is sequencing batch reactor effluent containing nitrite and nitrate with concentration of 80-95%. Sludge average particle size is 200-350 mu m. Reactor drainage rate is 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Microorganisms: The viable count of S.cerevisiae is not less than 2x 106 cells/ml. Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer comprises kitchen waste, fertilizer and elements. Preferred Components: The kitchen waste comprises (a) waste from restaurant include bone, leftover, and abandoned leaves, stems and roots, (b) waste from food processing industry e.g. meat product processing industry, (c) waste from slaughtering house include internal organs, skin, and hair, and (d) waste from market include decayed vegetable, and animal waste include internal organs, skin and feathers of duck and chicken. The elements include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. Preferred Method: The method involves using 1-99 %mass, preferably 25-80 %mass kitchen waste. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The synergistic cellulase protein comprises expansin and swollenin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic salt comprises ammonium salt, potassium salt and ferrous sulfate at mass ratio of 2-5:1-3:0.1-0.3. The ammonium salt is ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate or ammonium carbonate. The potassium salt is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, or potassium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The water-soluble saccharide is oligosaccharide, maltose, sorbose, fucose, or raffinose. The organic acid is acetic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfinic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, or salicylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Fermentation condition involves pH 7 at 50-60 degrees C; and fermenting comprising spraying alcohol waste mash liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation process is performed at normal temperature and pH of 7, and the temperature is increased to 50-60 degrees C. The raw materials are crushed to a particle size of 1-5 mm. The drying process is performed at 75-85 degrees C under normal pressure until the water reaches less than 5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: Microbial cells comprise Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus oryzae at ratio of 1-2:1-3:1-2:1-4:1-4. Preferred Process: Fermentation is at pH 7 at room temperature and increasing temperature to 50-60 degrees C, and repeating for 3-5 times completely fermenting. Fermented wheat straw is crushed to 1-5 mm. Drying comprises under normal pressure at 75-85 degrees C until water content of less than 5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting mixture for 10-12 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of the pig manure and auxiliary material is 55-65%. The auxiliary material is straw, rice bran, rice husk or saw dust. The dead pig has interlayer thickness of 30 cm, and total stack height of 2. Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting compost for 14-28 days, turning mixture, adding water, and turning mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The water content of the seedling matrix is 35-50%. The seedling matrix has porosity of 65-95%, organic content of more than 20%, nutrient content of 3-5% (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide), particle size of 0.1-4.9 mm, density of 0.2-0.8 g/cm3, gas-water ratio of 1:2-4, EC value of less than or equal to 2.5 mS/cm. The watermelon seedling matrix comprises raw materials comprising 30 pts. coconut shell powder base material, 15 pts. alcohol fermented biogas residue, 25 pts. carbonized rice hull, 1 pts. stillage, 5 pts. perlite, and 24 pts. vermiculite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The biochar-based conditioning agent (I) preferably comprises 80 mass % biomass-derived granular char and 20 mass % wood vinegar. Preferred Method: The biochar-based conditioning agent (I), fresh livestock and poultry manure, sawdust, and rotten livestock and poultry manure are preferably mixed based on 22:500:25:25 weight ratio. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Stimulant.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration is 12-16 kg/m3 (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The adjusting step is carried out at pH value of 7.1-8.6 using alkaline. The method comprises filtering the solid and then mixing with catalyst and reacting; and mixing 0.1-0.2 pts. wt. of phosphoric acid and 10 pts. wt. of aluminum oxide and then stirring at room temperature for 3-10 hours, cooling in a water bath and drying at 90-110 degrees C. Preferred Components: The content of the turpentine oil is 60-95%. The emulsifier is a cationic surfactant. The dipentene content of the turpentine oil is 12-20%, preferably 15%. The acid catalyst is phosphoric acid or aluminum oxide. The content of the acid catalyst is 18-90 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is 18C or 8C having particle size of 20-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of flurbiprofen racemate in the mobile phase is 0-100 g/l, injection flow rate is 0-50 ml/minute, eluent flow rate is 0-100 ml/minute, extract flow rate is 0-100 ml/minute and raffinate flow rate is 0-100 ml/minute. Preferred Method: The simulated moving bed chromatographic separation method includes periodically switching solenoid valve for 8-20 minutes and carrying out the process at 20-30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises continuously recycling the filtrate over a number of cycles. The oxidation reaction time is 2-4 hours. Preferred Components: The transition metal is manganese/zinc, cobalt/iron, cobalt/manganese, zirconium/titanium, nickel/chrome or manganese/copper based on mol ratio of 1.5-10 or 2.5-7.5 of the composite combination system. The reaction solution comprises 0.05-5 wt.% or 0.02-0.5 wt.% heteropolyacid, 0.01-0.8 wt.% transition metal ion, 0.005-0.2 wt.% halogen, 2-35 wt.% or 5-20 wt.% 2-nitro-4-methylsulfonyltoluene, 21-100 wt.% oxygen and 0-45 wt.% or 8-15 wt.% water. The reactor used is a gas-liquid reactor, where the gas/liquid volumetric flow ratio of 10-500, reaction pressure in the reactor is 15-50 atm pressure, reaction temperature is 140-300 degrees C, and the reaction time is 0.5-10 hours. The oxidizing gas is air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrolysis reaction is carried out at 50-80 degrees C (preferably 65-75 degrees C) for 1-8 hours (preferably 2-5 hours). (V) is prepared by reacting benzyl 2-(3-carbamoyl-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (IV) with a dehydrating agent at -10 degrees C to 100 degrees C (preferably 50-70 degrees C) for 1-10 hours (preferably 2-6 hours), where molar ratio between the dehydrating agent and (IV) is 2-20:1 (preferably 4-7:1). (IV) is prepared by reacting Grignard reagent 2-isobutoxybenzamide compounds of formula (III) with benzyl 2-bromo-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (VI) at -20 degrees C to 15 degrees C (preferably at -10 degrees C to 0 degrees C) for 1-10 hours (preferably 2-5 hours), where molar ratio between (VI) and (III) is 1-1.3:1 (preferably 1:1). (III) is prepared by reacting 2-isobutoxy-5-halo-benzamide compounds of formula (II) with an active metal (M). Preferred Components: Molar ratio between the hydrolysis catalyst and (V) is 1-10:1, preferably 1-5:1. The hydrolysis catalyst is a base, preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The dehydrating agent is an acidic dehydrating agent, which is phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride (both are preferred), trifluoroacetic anhydride, triflic anhydride or phosphorus pentoxide. The preparation of (IV) is carried out in an aprotic solvent using a protic quenching reagent, where the aprotic solvent is tetrahydrofuran (preferred), diethyl ether or benzene, and the protic quenching reagent is 10 wt.% aqueous ammonium chloride solution (preferred) or 1 wt.% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.M = magnesium (preferred) or zinc; andX = Br (preferred), Cl or I.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method, the concentration of ethanol is 40-60%, and content of the Aloe powder is 10-20 times. In method, the concentration of the cruse product is 5-30 g/ml. The method involves eluting the obtained product at flow rate of 0.10-0.20 BV/minute, and sampling using HPLC (until content of aloin is more than 98%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Acetonitrile is chromatographically pure. Volume ratio acetonitrile:water is 1:4-7:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Clean fuel contains 70%, preferably 80% methanol, 19%, preferably 10% solvent oil, 10%, preferably 8% ethanol, and 1%, preferably 2% acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Methanol gasoline additive contains 40 wt.%, preferably 60 wt.% methanol, 3 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% dimethyl carbonate, 1 wt.%, preferably 3 wt.% T-80, 1 wt.%, preferably 3 wt.% S-80, 2 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% MTBE, 1 wt.%, preferably 3 wt.% acetone, and 3 wt.%, preferably 6 wt.% tert.-butanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solid catalyst is platinum (Pt) metal catalyst, preferably Pt/activated carbon catalyst and/or Pt/ gamma -aluminum oxide catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Hydrosilylation reaction temperature is 50-120 degrees C, preferably 60-100 degrees C. Preferred Compositions: Hydrogen silicone oil is for formula RxXySiHz. Mass ratio of fatty acid methyl ester and silicone oil is 10:1-10, preferably 10:1.8-8.2. Mass ratio of solid catalyst and fatty acid methyl ester is 0.01-1:100, preferably 0.04-0.85:100.X=Cl;R=Me, Et, Ph, OMe and/or ethoxy;x=1-3;y=0-2;z=1-3; andx+y+z=4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The molasses are chosen from beet molasses and sugar cane molasses. The alkaline material is chosen from lime, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and their mixture. Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermentation is performed using anaerobic fermentor, anaerobic biofilter, high anaerobic sludge reactor, anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor or internal circulation anaerobic reactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Compositions: Mass fraction of sodium hydroxide solution is 3-7%. Amount of sodium hydroxide to amount of banana powder mixture is 30 mass%. Mass fraction of hydrochloric acid is 3-7%. Amount of hydrochloric acid to amount of banana powder mixture is 30 mass%. Mass ratio of banana fragment to banana tree pieces is 1:1. Mass ratio of banana composition to pig manure is 1:1. Mass ratio of sludge to banana composite is 9:1. Preferred Conditions: Storing time of sodium hydroxide and banana powder mixture is 65-72 hours. Storing time of hydrochloric acid and banana powder mixture is 65-72 hours. Anaerobic fermentation temperature is 55-60 degrees C. Anaerobic fermentation reaction time is 9-11 days. Preferred Parameters: Value of pH of anaerobic fermentation solution is 6.7-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Biomass contains mulberry leaves, mulberry root, mulberry stalk, silkworm feces, or silkworm larva.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: Biomass is derived from agricultural waste, such as corn straw, wheat stem pole, straw, wheat straw hood, and bagasse, industrial waste, such as fiber residues of pulp and paper, forestry waste, such as wood or sawdust, and/or municipal waste, such as waste paper and packing paper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Chemical medicine is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfite, and/or hydrogen peroxide, preferably 2 chemical medicine in cellulose biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Concentration of cellulose biomass when washing is 40%, preferably 90%. Concentration of biomass in mixture is 25-40%, preferably 39%. Preferred Process: Preprocessing of biomass involves crushing to produce heat at temperature of 50 degrees C, preferably greater than or equal to 99 degrees C. Preprocessing of biomass involves performing entire process at atmospheric pressure. Preprocessing of biomass involves wherein crushing by extruder, presser, or crusher, preferably double-screw extruding machine. Preprocessing of biomass involves subjecting mixture to heat preservation device for 10 minutes, preferably greater than or equal to 10 hours. Preprocessing of biomass involves subjecting pretreated cellulose biomass to cooking process, steam blasting process, or enzymolysis, preferably enzymolysis in which enzyme is cellulase, beta -glucosidase, and/or xylanase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide has amino acid sequence exhibiting at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence at amino acids 22-419 of SEQ ID NO: 2. The polypeptide is a variant of the sequence of amino acids 22-419 of SEQ ID NO: 2, comprising a substitution, deletion, and/or insertion of one or more amino acids. The polypeptide comprises amino acid sequence of amino acids 22-419 of SEQ ID NO: 2. The polypeptide is encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes with the mature polypeptide coding a 1781 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification or its cDNA sequence under high stringency conditions. The polypeptide is a fragment of the sequence of amino acids 22-419 of SEQ ID NO: 2. The polypeptide further comprises a cellulose binding domain. The polypeptide further comprises a cellulose binding domain. Preferred Method: The method (M2) involves recovering the fermentation product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sum of the number of moles of at least two oxidizers corresponds to the number of moles of hydrogen in the hydrogen-containing compound to be oxidized completely. The optimal pair for energy supply is generated when the number of moles of first oxidizing agent is the same as the number of moles of the second oxidizing agent. The oxidizing agents are compounds which contain oxygen and water. The method takes place in a reaction chamber comprising a fuel cell, a combustion chamber, a steam reformer, a bioreactor, or in living cells. The reactions are carried out under ambient conditions, irrespective of the reaction pathway. The hydrogen-containing compound fed to the reactor in its natural state. The percentage of water in the oxidizing agent of less than 84% initiates a hydrogen production without the supply of external energy. A number of pathways are provided for the complete oxidation of a hydrogen-containing compound for hydrogen production with a higher reaction velocity. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reactor effluent gas comprises no detectable hydrogen sulfide (less than 4.7 ppb). The gas stream further comprises natural gas. The catalyst: is in a form of a powder or a pellet; is disposed on a carrier; comprises malachite (preferred) or azurite; and comprises a metal having 75% of nickel and 25% of chromium. The gas stream comprises: up to 90% of hydrogen sulfide; and a mixture of natural gas, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, having hydrogen sulfide present in a ratio of two moles of hydrogen sulfide to one mole of carbon dioxide, where the catalyst comprises malachite to provide the reactor effluent gas comprising no detectable hydrogen sulfide (less than 4.7 ppb).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor chamber: includes at least one reactor chamber in series; and is operated at a pressure of sub-atmospheric pressure up to 3000 psi (20684 kPa). The reactor further comprises a collector in communication with the second outlet for removing the sulfur from the reactor. The collector is a receiver, moving belt, or a drum. The reactor chamber comprises temperature-resistant borosilicate glass or quartz glass. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding volume of liquid to the first vessel during the liquefaction step. The method further involves adding at least one nutrient to the second vessel during the fermentation step. At least one enzyme is added in the liquefaction step, is an alpha-amylase enzyme. The first temperature and second temperature is 50-100 degrees C. The first temperature and the second temperature are equal. The liquefaction and saccharification steps occur at substantially the same time. The liquefaction and saccharification steps further involve stirring the slurry with a mechanical actuating apparatus to form the liquefact. The liquefaction and saccharification steps are performed for a pre-determined period of time. The pre-determined period of time is 24 hours. The third temperature is lower than the first temperature and the second temperature. Preferred Components: The untreated carbon-containing material is chosen from corn-based product, grass, wood, woody biomass, forage grasses, herbaceous energy crops, non-woody plant biomass, agricultural wastes, agricultural residues, forestry residues, forestry wastes, paper-production sludge, waste paper sludge, waste-water-treatment sludge, municipal solid waste, and sugar-processing residues. At least one nutrient comprises at least one of thiamine, urea, nicotinic acid, and ammonium chloride. Preferred Enzyme: At least one enzyme added during the saccharification step is chosen from cellulase complex, alpha -glucanase, xylanase, hemicellulose, and their combinations, preferably cellulase complex and alpha -glucanase. Preferred Cell: The yeast cells are chosen from industrial grade yeast strain, genetically-modified yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage yeast, and their combinations. The yeast cells are capable of fermenting xylose. The yeast cells are capable of fermenting glucose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hay is in the form of hay pieces. The hay pieces are present at 70-80 wt.% of the mixture and the binder is present at 20-30 wt.% of the mixture. The binder is a combination of at least two binders including wax paraffin, plastic, corn starch or potato starch. The log is of a cylindrical shape. The hay is a hay piece of 1/8 inches or 1/4 inches in length. Preferred Method: The step of pressing is carried out in a wood pellet machine press. The method further comprises the steps of heating the hay and binder mixture at 210-260 degrees C for 30 minutes while pressing the mixture; and allowing the hay and binder mixture to cool for 10-15 minutes without pressing or heating the mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fermentation of Azotobacter chroococcum is carried out at 25 degrees C. Preferred Components: The compound fertilizer has granular diameter of 3-5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanocarbon has diameter of 1-80 nm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution. The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ketone solvent is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and/or methyl isobutyl ketone. The ether solvent is tetrahydrofuran and/or dioxane. The chlorinated alkane solvent is dichloromethane and/or dichloroethane. The organic acid is trifluoroacetic acid and/or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The toothpaste comprises 40 pts. wt. of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1 pts. wt. of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 12 pts. wt. of bamboo salt, 11 pts. wt. of glycerol, 14 pts. wt. of xylitol, 0.7 pts. wt. of sodium pyrophosphate, 2.5 pts. wt. of lauryl sodium sulfate, 2 pts. wt. of tea polyphenol, 1 pts. wt. of essence, and 16.7 pts. wt. of deionized water. ACTIVITY - Antiulcer; Antibacterial; Antiallergic; Immunosuppressive; Antiinflammatory.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chlorination reaction of chloro agent is phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride or thionyl chloride. The deprotection step is carried out by hydrolysis reaction or reduction reaction. The hydrolysis reaction is carried out using acid-base catalyst including trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydroxide sodium or potassium hydroxide. The reduction reaction is carried out using reducing agent including magnesium powder, zinc powder, iron powder, sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The protecting group of 2-amino-1,3-malonate is methyl group, acetyl group, benzyloxycarbonyl group, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl group, trichloroethoxycarbonyl group or allyloxycarbonyl group. The mole ratio of protected 2-amino-1,3-malonate and thiourea is 1:0.5-1.5. The mole ratio of protected 5-amino-2-thioxo-sodium pentobarbital and halogenated propane is 1:0.5-1.5. The halogenated propane is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. The sulfur alkylated reaction is carried out using water and organic solvent including methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, tert-butanol, acetone or acetonitrile. The volume ratio of water to organic solvent is 10-90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The target gas is ethylene, and hydrocarbon gas of the same carbon number as target gas is ethane. The target gas is 1,3-butadiene, and hydrocarbon gas of same carbon number as target gas is 1-butene and/or normal butane. The separation membrane contains polymeric material. Preferred Method: The separation method is a pressure-swing-adsorption method or temperature swing adsorption method. The organic fiber is cellulose fiber, and adsorbing sheet is produced by wet-type paper-making method. Preferred Definitions:    M=copper, zinc and/or cadmium, preferably copper;    B'=pyrazine, 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane or 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane;    R1-R12=H;and    X=-CH2CH2- or -CH2CH2CH2-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (c) or (b1) is conducted with one or more chemicals including sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, organic peroxides, peracetic acid and sodium dithionite, and utilizes lignin-modifying enzymes. The steps (c) or (c1) and (d) are combined in a single unit operation. The process further comprises: converting the purified cellulose to a cellulose derivative or nanocellulose; hydrolyzing the purified cellulose to glucose or monomeric sugars; recovering the lignin; and hydrolyzing the hemicelluloses to produce monomeric sugars, and optionally recovering the lignin. A bleaching additive is introduced in step (b1) and is not removed prior to step (c1), where the bleaching additive reduces lignin precipitation during or downstream of step (c1). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (A) is alkylene oxide adduct (A1) of polyhydric alcohol having more than trivalence. The alkylene oxide adduct (A1) of polyhydric alcohol contains 70 wt.% or more oxyethylene with respect to the total weight of the alkylene oxide adduct (A1) of polyhydric alcohol. The compound (A) is polyvinyl alcohol (A2) having saponification degree of 50-100 mol%. The saccharogenic amylase is at least one chosen from cellulase, hemicellulase and amylase. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Parts: The reactor is a fixed bed reactor. The number of catalyst bed in the reactor is 2-20, preferably 2-6. The reaction zone comprises one reactor or multiple reactors connected in serial. Preferred Composition: The low-carbon ester is a kind of ester containing 3-5C atoms, preferably one or multiple chosen from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and ethyl propinnate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Arrangements: The buffer tank is provided in the upstream portion of membrane separator in the gas exhaust passage. The pressure reduction pump is provided in the gas permeation side of membrane separator in the gas exhaust passage. The regeneration gas holder is provided in the resurgent-gas return path. The gas-to-be-purified apparatus is provided with regeneration control apparatus which provides the regeneration pressure control valve in the resurgent-gas return path, and controls the membrane separation pressure of the separation membrane by regeneration pressure control valve. The product gas holder is provided in the product gas collection path. The product gas cleaning path (l4) which flows in product gas is provided in the adsorption tower from the product gas holder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The adsorbent has activated carbon, molecular sieve carbon, zeolite and porous metal complex as main component. Preferred Properties: The adsorbent has pore diameter of 0.38 nm or more measured by micropore-size distribution method. The pore volume (V0.4) in the pore diameter is 0.01 cm3/g or less. The pore volume (V0.34) in 0.34 nm of pore diameter is 0.20 cm3/g or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The source gas is methane-containing gas. The to-be-purified gas is methane and other gas is carbon dioxide gas as a main component. The source gas is methane-containing gas containing 40% or more methane as to-be-purified gas. The product gas contains 90% or more methane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The separation membrane has cellulose acetate, polyamide, polyimide, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether sulfone, carbon film, microporous glass composite film, DDR-type zeolite, multibranched polyimide silica, and polydimethylsiloxane as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterial fatty acid decarboxylase enzyme comprises the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:1, is not given in the specification or functional variant or its portion,. The cell comprises a polynucleotide encoding the bacterial fatty acid decarboxylase enzyme. The polynucleotide comprises SEQ ID NO:2 is not given in the specification or a functional variant or its portion. The cell having a genome comprising the polynucleotide. The cell is a Saccharomyces cell or oleaginous yeast cell. The oleaginous yeast cell is a member of the genus Yarrowia, Candida, Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, or Lipomyces. The cell is selected from the species Lipomyces starkeyi, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula glutinis, or Yarrowia lipolytica. The cell comprising at least one copy of plasmid having nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO:3, is not given in the specification or 4 or functional variant or its portion. The alkene has 15, 16, 17, 18 or 19 carbon atoms. The cell comprising a modification to provide an internal free fatty acid pool greater than the pool in a non-modified equivalent cell; a disruption of an elo3 gene or its homologous gene; a disruption of afaa-1 and afaa-4 gene or its homologous gene; a modification to disrupt conversion of acetaldehyde to ethanol by the cell; a disruption of an adh gene or its homologous; a modification to provide an internal oxygen concentration greater than the concentration in a non-modified equivalent cell; and a disruption of a mitochondrial dehydrogenase-encoding gene. Preferred Method: The cell is cultured in a medium comprising at least one fatty acid. The method involves isolating an alkene from the cell by a method involves a cell lysis method which does not include use of a detergent and a reducing agent (preferably tris(hydroxypropyl)pho sphine). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The moisture content of the carbon fuel flowed in the flash dryer is 10-60 wt.%, and content of the carbon fuel ejected in the flash dryer is 1-10 wt.%. The particle size of the carbon fuel is 2 mm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The flash dryer is provided with heat exchanger for reducing moisture content of carbon fuel using pressure steam generated during a carbon fuel gasification process, where pressure flowed in the flash dryer is 12-44 bar (temperature of vapor flowed in flash dryer is 260-500 degrees C) (temperature of the vapor ejected in the flash dryer is 198-350 degrees C). The gasification combined equipment further has purifier for separating the vapor ejected in the flash dryer from minute particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The folivore monkey is a family of Cercipithedae, preferably Trachypithecus obscurus. The diet contains cellulosic biomass. The diet contains an increasing proportion of cellulosic biomass and preferably cellulosic biomass as carbohydrate source during the last hours. The used cellulosic biomass is wheat straw, bagasse from sugar cane, palm kernel cake, corn meal, rice straw or agricultural, forestry, papermaking, industrial or urban residues. Preferred Method: The cellulosic biomass is pretreated by a physical action or by chemical agents. The method comprises extracting all or part of DNA from the sample before the recovering step. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Culture: The combination of bacterial cultures comprises equal parts of the first bacterial culture and the second bacterial culture. The second bacterial culture comprises 70% B.licheniformis BL842 strain or its derivative, 20% B.licheniformis BL21 strain or its derivative, and 10% B.subtilis BS27 strain or its derivative. The L.buchneri is L.buchneri deposited under accession no.PTA-6138 or its derivative. Preferred Components: The carrier is a liquid or solid. The carrier comprises calcium carbonate, starch, or cellulose. The forage comprises 101-1010, preferably 103-106 viable organisms of the first bacterial culture per gram of the forage and comprises 101-1010, preferably 103-106 viable organisms of the second bacterial culture per gram of the forage. The forage is grass, clover, maize, maize stover, alfalfa, rye, barley, oats, wheat, triticale, soybean, beans, sorghum, sun flower, radish, artichoke, peas, sugar beets, or its combination, preferably maize or maize stover. The silage is produced from uninoculated forage. Preferred Biomass: The biomass composition comprises 104-107 viable organisms of the first bacterial culture per gram of the biomass composition and 104-107 viable organisms of the second bacterial culture per gram of the biomass composition. The biomass comprises sludge comprising 70% cattle manure and 30% swine manure, and 1 to not less than 5% silage. The biomass composition comprises 95-99% sludge. Preferred Method: The method involves adding biomass comprising the silage to a biogas generator and processing for 0-15 days, preferably 0-9 days. The method involves inoculating the biomass composition with at least 106 viable organisms of the first bacterial culture per gram of the biomass composition and with 106 viable organisms of the second bacterial culture per gram of the biomass composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred System: The aeration apparatus removes moisture content by aerating gas to oil raw materials before transesterification, where the oil raw material is edible oil wastes. The system further consists of second impurity removal apparatus for removing impurities using ion exchange resin or adsorption agent after removing impurities using the first impurity removal apparatus. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The artificial peat lime, quicklime or other calcareous minerals and substances are added to the acid regulation. The artificial peat is added for the acid regulation and for coloring humic acids, other acids or dyes. The artificial peat are added with fungal cultures or bacteria cultures, whose the symbiotic action is required for the growth of some plants or to promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil. The essential trace elements, preferably magnesium, iron, copper, and molybdenum are added to artificial peat for plant growth. The artificial peat reproduces the appearance, acidity, nutrient content and water holding capacity of peat from low peat-lands. The rock dust, rock gravel, clayey rock mass or clay is added to artificial peat. The artificial peat is added with sand or fine gravel, animal by-product, wood ash, ash from the green waste incineration or ash resulting from the pyrolysis of green waste, and phosphate and nitrogen in the form of fertilizer. The artificial peat which is composted or originated from fermented biomass of plant origin is added for improving the structure and fertilization and for enhancing biological activity of the soil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The alcohol pre-converter is a methanol reactor containing methanol synthesis catalyst. The heterogeneous alcohol pre-converter is adiabatic reactor or isothermal or semi-isothermal reactor, e.g. gas-cooled reactor or boiling water reactor (BWR). The higher alcohol synthesis reactor is single or multi-stage adiabatic reactor with inter-stage cooling. The pre-converter (A) is boiling water reactor (BWR) and higher alcohol reactor (B) is multi-bed quench reactor (MQR). Preferred Separation: The separation unit (C) is divided into three units, i.e. gas-liquid separator and distillation unit, carbon dioxide removal unit and saturator unit. Preferred Process: The recycle syngas is wet recycle gas saturated with methanol and light alcohols. The gas-cooled reactor is cooled by cold unconverted recycle gas. The alcohol pre-converter is omitted from process (A). The steam generated from methanol synthesis or higher alcohols synthesis or both, is used to drive a compressor for unconverted recycled syngas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The temperature of the reaction is -5-30 degrees C, preferably 17-22 degrees C. The reaction time is 0.25-4 hours, preferably 1 hour. (II) in 1-methylimidazole at the beginning of the reaction is present at more than 0.5 M, preferably 0.8-1.2 M. The process is carried out without addition of inorganic base. (I) is recovered by precipitation, which is initiated with water, followed by filtration. The ratio of the volume of water which is added to initiate precipitation per volume of 1-methylimidazole is less than 60:1, preferably 5-30:1. Preferred Components: (I) has an average particle size of 2-20 mu m, preferably 5-10 mu m, a particle diameter (d90) of less than 40 mu m, preferably less than 15 mu m. The anti-solvent is alkanes, esters or water, where the alkanes are heptane and the esters are ethyl acetate, preferably water. ACTIVITY - Thrombolytic; Cardiant; Antianginal; Cerebroprotective; Vasotropic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Blood coagulation factor Xa inhibitor. No biological data given.    EXAMPLE - 14.1 ml 1-Methylimidazole and 4.66 g(S)-4-(4-(5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)phenyl)morpholin-3-one hydrochloride were charged to a 50 ml flask. The solution was cooled to 0 degrees C, and then 3.26 g of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl chloride were added drop-wise. The reaction mixture was heated to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. Sample was taken after 30 minutes of stirring. After 1 hour, 400 ml of demineralized water was added to initiate precipitation. The mixture was further stirred for 3 hours, and then the product was filtered, rinsed with demineralized water and dried to obtain rivaroxaban.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Ionic liquid using alkaline solvent (pH value 10-13) to remove lignin. Alkaline solvent is selected from ammonia solution, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. Ionic liquid is mixture of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Microwave is utilized during decomposition. Preferred Condition- Biomass decomposition is performed at 70-110 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The extracted biomass obtained in step (a) is used as the cellulose-containing-biomass in step (b). The extracted biomass obtained in step (a) is subjected prior to step (b) to extraction with an organic liquid comprising at least 20 wt.% of an organic solvent. In the step (a) the biomass is extracted with water having a temperature of 10-75 degrees C, preferably 15-60 degrees C. In the step (a) the biomass is extracted with 2-12 l of water/kg of biomass. The aqueous extract obtained in step (a) has a protein content of 0.01-50 g/l, preferably 0.1-20 g/l. The aqueous extract used in step (c) contains 0.001-0.1 g of protein/g pretreated biomass on dry weight basis. The step (b) comprises heating at 75 degrees C, preferably above 120 degrees C, up to 240 degrees C. The step (b) comprises treating with a water-miscible organic solvent, preferably lower alcohols and lower ketones, in the presence of an acid. The step (b) comprises a steam explosion step or an aquathermolysis step. In step (c) the enzyme capable of hydrolyzing cellulose comprises a mixture of cellulases. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The compounds are extracellular deoxyribose nucleic acid, acyl homoserine lactones and autoinducer-2 when the method uses the aggregating signaling compounds.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precursor is dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione when the method uses the precursor of aggregating signaling compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%%, preferably at least 99% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, or SEQ ID NO: 6. The polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 90%, preferably at least 99% sequence identity to the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, or SEQ ID NO: 5. The polypeptide is encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes under medium stringency conditions with the mature polypeptide coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO: 5. The polypeptide comprises: residues 1-585 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or the mature polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1; residues 1-622 of SEQ ID NO: 4 or the mature polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO: 3; and residues 1-607 of SEQ ID NO: 6 or the mature polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO: 5. Preferred Process: The step (a1) comprises liquefying the gelatinized starch with the polypeptide and saccharifying the liquefied mash obtained using a glucoamylase. The steps (a2) and (b2) are carried out sequentially or simultaneously.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the polypeptide comprises either cultivating the host cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide and recovering the polypeptide, or cultivating the transgenic plant or plant cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the methane monooxygenase is obtained from a methanotroph. The isobutanol is produced at a production rate of at least 1 g/L-hour, at least 10 g/L-hour, or at least 25 g/L-hour. Preferred Components: The methanol dehydrogenase is a heterologous NAD-linked methanol dehydrogenase. The enzymes that catalyze the conversion of formaldehyde to isobutanol are derived from recombinant bacteria. The recombinant bacteria are recombinant Escherichia coli. The enzymes that catalyze the conversion of formaldehyde to isobutanol comprise hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase, 6-phosphofructokinase, fructose biphosphate aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, transketolase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, ribose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, acetolactate synthase, acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, dihydroxy acid dehydratase, alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase, and isobutanol dehydrogenase. The pressure is at least 1 bar, at least 2 bar, or at least 5 bar. The bioreactor comprises a gas phase and an aqueous phase. The bioreactor further comprises an organic solvent. The organic solvent is an alkane. The alkane is selected from pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Process: The method further comprises: pre-processing the marine algae by crushing the marine algae including kelp and the brown seaweed, and heat-treating the crushed marine algae; and reacting the pre-processed marine algae with the biocatalizer. The pre-processing step further comprises: manufacturing a pre-processed kelp crushed material; heat-treating the crushed kelp material at 100-140 degrees C for 10-15 minutes; adding the biocatalizer with the heat-treated kelp material; and reacting the mixture at 30-40 degrees C in the anaerobic condition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The two-component fertilizer tablet or fertilizer-pad: comprises an organic compound of horse manure and egg shells; and is in the form of tablet. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is selected from palladium, copper, and cobalt; and further comprises support modifier selected from pyridine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, methyl amine, imidazole, and other suitable support modifiers. The metals are present in an amount of 0.01-20 wt.%. The support is present in an amount of 80-99.99 wt.%. Preferred Method: The reactor is operated at 200-500 degrees C and pressure of 100-20000 kPa. The ethylene selectivity is less than 10%. The diethyl ether selectivity is less than 15%. The gaseous stream is substantially free of hydrogen. The catalyst is substantially free of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. EXAMPLE - The test catalyst (copper-coated gamma -aluminum oxide, 3 ml) was filled in a stainless steel tube reactor. As a pretreatment, hydrogen reduction was conducted for 1 hour under a carrier gas atmosphere (10% H2/N2; flow rate 125 ml/minute) at 400 degrees C. After the pretreatment, the testing was conducted at 250-325 degrees C and pressure of 1-5100 kPa, and ethanol flow rate was at 0.2 ml/minute. The reaction duration was 5-80 hours. The test/comparative (metal-free gamma -Al2O3) catalyst showed ethanol conversion (74/61%), butanol product selectivity (29/0%), butanol yield (21/0%), by-product (diethyl ether (DEE)) selectivity (13/96%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The biological carbon dioxide reduction tank is provided with a second diffusing pipe to spray gas, placed on the inner bottom of the biological carbon dioxide reduction tank, and second screen installed on upper part of the second diffusing pipe to pass gas and fix the fixed media, which is installed on inner upper portion of the biological carbon dioxide reduction tank. The mixing ratio of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is 4:1. The fixed media height of the biological oxygen reduction tank is height of the fixed media (l) greater than or equal to 8x (gas flow rate per hour injected into the reduction tank (Q)) x ( pi -1)x (d-2), where d is diameter of the reduction tank, and pi is circular constant.
ACTIVITY - Pesticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: (I) are: (-)- alpha -pinene, ( plus minus )-myrtenol, alpha -copaene, 2-(2-pinen-10-yloxy), verbenone, homomyrtenol, pinenmerkaptan, (1R)-(-)-nopol benzyl ether, myrtenyl acetate, D-verbenol, myrtenal, myrtecaine, ylangene, alpha -bergamotene, myrtenic acid, (1R)-(-)-myrtenol, nopyl acetate, (+)-3,6,6-trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene, nopyl formate, trans-verbenyl acetate, 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo(3.1.1)hept-2-ene-2-propanal, 2-pinen-10-yl isobutyrate, tricyclo(4.1.0.02,7)hept-3-ene, 6-methyl-tricyclo(4.1,0.02,7)hept-3-ene, 1,6-dimethyl-tricyclo(4.1,0.02,7)hept-3-ene, 1-methyl-tricyclo(4,1.0.02,7)hept-3-ene, chrysanthenyl acetate, nopylaldehyde, apopinen, nopadiene, or verbone, preferably (1R)-cis-4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo-(3.1.1)hept-3-en-2-one ((S)-(-)-verbenone).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: (I) are incorporated: with a carrier solution comprising one or more of hexane, acetone, salicylate or ether; and in a release device. (I) are included in a support layer forming part of the release device. The support layer is a porous plastic material that absorbs (I). The support layer has an adhesive coated on it. The adhesive includes (I) for immobilizing and/or killing insects coming into contact with the adhesive. The release device releases (I) at a rate of 1 picogram per hour to 10 milligrams per hour. (I) are present at 0.05-10 mole%, preferably 0.1-1 mole%. The device is formed of a support which is porous and has (I) absorbed into it. The device includes a chemical or biological insecticide to kill insects attracted to the device. ACTIVITY - Insect Attractant; Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Lauraceae extract comprises natural camphor of formula (I-VI), natural camphor in carbonyl hydrogenation reduction product, Lauraceae plant camphor Cinnamomum camphora (borneol camphor extract), Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves extract and Cinnamomum burmannii leaves extract.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Secondary alcohol of boiling point is selected from isopropyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, isobutyl alcohol, 2-amyl alcohol, 3-amyl alcohol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol or preferably isopropanol. Tertiary alcohol is selected from tertiary butyl alcohol, tertiary amyl alcohol or 3-ethyl-3-pentanoland. Polar solvent is selected from dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, glycerol, ethylene glycol or 1, 3-glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Method for preparing pyrogallol and phloroglucinol involves adding corresponding trimethoxybenzaldehyde, modified raney nickel catalyst and solvent to high pressure vessel, where weight ratio of solvent and raw material 1:1-1:12, amount of catalyst is 1-3% of raw material weight. The air in vessel is replaced by nitrogen three times and then the nitrogen gas is replaced by sufficient hydrogen three times. The obtained material in vessel is stirred and then the stirred material is heated at 100-200 degrees C, where most suitable temperature is 160-170 degrees C, hydrogen pressure is 2-10 megapascal, optimum pressure is 3-4 megapascal, reaction time is 2-10 hours and the best reaction time is 2.5-4 hours. The heated material is extruded from vessel and catalyst remain in vessel. The extruded liquid material isrectified to obtain corresponding trimethoxybenzene compound. The trimethoxybenzene compound and aluminum chloride with solvent is added to reaction vessel, where mol ratio of trimethoxybenzene and aluminum trichloride is 1:3-1:10 and weight ratio of solvent and trimethoxybenzene is 1:1-1:8. The added material is refluxed for 2-8 hours and then the obtained material is added with hydrochloric acid solution for layering. The obtained organic layer is evaporated to dryness to obtain the corresponding crude product. The obtained crude material is recrystallized by using water and then the obtained material is active carbon decolour and dried to obtain desired product. Preferred Components: Solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran or methylcyclohexane. Solvent with aluminum trichloride is selected from methylene dichloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The grapes are obtained from cultivations of vines in which pesticides and fertilizers and soil conditioners are added. 2-4% of sulfur, 1-4% copper, 2-4% iron and up to 6% polyphenols and tannins are added to the fermentation materials. The composition comprises organic matter from livestock manure. The composition also comprises acetic acid (1-2%), potassium soap (30-50%), vegetable oils (15-30%), potassium hydroxide (1-5%), potassium carbonate (1-5%) or water (up to 100% of the composition). ACTIVITY - Plant protectant; Fungicide; Insecticide; Antibacterial; Acaricide; Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Ratio slurry material:water in wood fiber is 1:4. Volume ratio slurry material:HCl is 1:0.5-1. Preferred Parameters: Wood fiber slurry material particle diameter is less than or equal to 1 mm. Preferred Processes: Hydrolysis is performed by raising pressure tank temperature to 120 degrees C and steam pressure to 1 kg/cm2 and hydrolyzing for 1.5-2 hours. Full-recycling biological process includes methane gas mixture processing by feeding in gas molecular film CO2-enriching column to obtain primary methane, pressurizing and condensing CO2 into dry ice, deodorizing primary methane to obtain standard methane gas, and storing in pressurized storage tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: HCl concentration is 10-20 vol.% and NaOH concentration is 10 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light ray is visible ray. Preferred Process: The light ray irradiation process is further carried out in presence of additive(s) chosen from acid and base. Preferred Composition: The photosensitizer (C) is chosen from anthracene, anthraquinone, anthrone, benzophenone, benzoin, acetophenone, xanthene, thioxanthone, phenothiazine and coumarin. The cyclic unsaturated compound (A) has electron-donating substituent(s) in one of atoms contained in the ring. Preferred Definitions:    Rf=perfluoroalkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Domestic garbage is filled to 1st reactor and crushed. Treated domestic garbage is transferred to sanitary landfill, and permeate is transported to sewage treatment plant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further comprises transferring the non-biodegradable materials into precipitation storage tank, precipitating, then transferring into secondary fermentation tank, and extracting the non-biodegradable materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device further comprises a precipitation storage tank for precipitating non-biodegradable materials. The raw water storage tank, solid-liquid separator, primary aeration tank, secondary aeration tank and liquid manure storage tank are closed; the solid-liquid separator, primary aeration tank, secondary aeration tank and the liquid manure storage tank are connected to the raw water storage tank; and the odors generated from the air trapped in the solid-liquid separator, primary aeration tank, secondary aeration tank and the liquid manure storage tank are removed by odor-emitting means. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The lanthanum and cerium are mixed using a coprecipitation method with an atomic ratio of 3:7-8:2. The desulfurizing agent is pulverized with a granularity of 150-300 mu m. The precipitated slurry is dried at 110-130 degrees C, and plasticized at 700-900 degrees C for 2-4 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step of drying the pellets comprises drying the molded pellets in a dryer at temperature of 200 degrees C for 5-6 hours. The step of calcining is carried out at a furnace temperature of 850 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The steaming process is performed at 80-150 degrees C for 20-60 minutes. The inoculation process is performed at 20-40 degrees C for 24-48 hours, and the strain is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis P11, Aspergillus oryzae GB-641, Aspergillus niger GB-124, and Aspergillus niger GB-X2. The enzymatic treatment is performed by adding arabanase, cellulase, hemi-cellulase, beta -glucanase, xylanase, endoglucanase, alpha-amylase and glucoamylase. Preferred Components: The feed cereal further comprises an enzyme including alkaline phosphatase, arylamidase, trypsin, acid phosphatase, alpha -galactosidase, beta -glucosidase and N-acetyl- beta -glucosamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The separation membrane material is polyvinylidene difluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microorganism involved in aerobic co-metabolism is Pseudomonas cepacia G4. The inner temperature of the permeable reactive barrier is 22-28 degrees C. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first concentration of sulfur dioxide is higher than the second concentration of sulfur dioxide, or is lower than the second concentration of sulfur dioxide. The first concentration of sulfur dioxide is 0.1-12 wt.% of sulfur dioxide. The second concentration of sulfur dioxide is 8-30 wt.% of sulfur dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first digestor stage and the second digestor stage are physically separate reactors or separated zones in a single reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The first liquid phase is removed, at least in part, prior to the second digestor stage. The step (b) includes the first solvent for lignin. The step (e) is conducted in the presence of heat and optionally a hydrolysis catalyst consisting of acetic acid, formic acid, uronic acids, levulinic acid, sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, lignosulfonic acid, carbon dioxide, and/or carbonic acid, where the hydrolysis catalyst preferably includes lignosulfonic acid derived from the first liquid phase and/or the second liquid phase. The process further comprises: bleaching the intermediate solids and/or the cellulose-rich solids; hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids using an acid catalyst or cellulase enzymes to produce glucose; and recovering or further treating the cellulose-rich solids as a cellulose product or precursor material. Preferred Components: The first solvent for lignin is different than the second solvent for lignin. The concentration of the first solvent for lignin is different than the concentration of the second solvent for lignin. The cellulose-rich solids from step (d) contain, on a dry basis, 3 wt.% or less, preferably 2 wt.% or less, hemicellulose content, and 3 wt.% or less, preferably 2 wt.% or less, lignin content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Fertilizer: Preferably, the fertilizer comprises, but not limited to, 6.5 wt.% EDTA-Ca; 0.017 wt.% EDTA-Cu; 7.45 wt.% EDTA-Mg; 0.18 wt.% EDTA-Mn; 0.045 wt.% EDTA-Zn; and 0.18 wt.% EDTA-Fe. The bacterial content in the bacterial liquid is greater than or equal to 108/ml. The fertilizer comprises Bacillus thuringiensis GIM1.151 strain deposited under CGMCC1.223, or CICC23575; and Streptomyces jingyangensis GIM4.92 strain. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pretreating step comprises: performing composting step for 5 days to 1 week or 5-6 weeks; performing homogenization of wastes and stirring and mixing the material; and regulating the quantity of incoming wastes variable in time. The anaerobic methanization is a dry digestion step in which the crude material has a moisture content of 40-70% compared to the moisture content of dried material. A part of the digestate from the methanization step is subjected to second composting/methanization, in combination with material. The aerobic composting step allows the degradation of digestate adapted for new methanization. The method is carried out in a semi-solid paste medium, and further comprises separating a liquid phase or a solid phase of the digestate. The liquid phase of the digestate is pumped for watering the compost. Preferred Components: The platform is fixed and the anaerobic fermentation device is a movable system. The device further comprises a first unit for recirculating the liquid from the outlet of the anaerobic fermentation device towards the platform, and a second unit for recirculating the liquid at the composting platform. The anaerobic fermentation device or methanizer comprises a reservoir provided with a loading/unloading port adapted to sealingly close, an upper biogas outlet, and a lower biogas outlet. The first and second recirculation units comprise a device for watering/sprinkling compost and a buffer tank adapted to receive liquid wastes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The conversion process is carried out in a single reactor (110) which consists of a catalyst bed (112a) containing the carbon-carbon coupling catalyst preceded by catalyst bed (111a) containing the hydrogenation catalyst and optionally followed by catalyst beds (113a, 114a) containing hydrotreatment and/or hydroisomerization catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zeolite of the carbon-carbon coupling catalyst comprises 10-membered and/or 12-membered ring channels. The molar ratio of silica and alumina in zeolite is 10-300. The preferable content of hydrogenation metal is 0.5-5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The feed comprises 150-2000 ppmw sulfur. Preferred Process: The contact process of partially hydrogenated effluent with source of hydrogen is carried out at 250-450 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel is present in the form of cylindrical granules or spherical granules with diameter of 5-40 mm. The wood particles are wood pallets or untreated crates. The fuel comprises broken grains, glumes, husks, siliques, leaves, stem and stalks. The fine fossil coal is fine anthracite coal or mixture of hard coal and anthracite. The fuel has a calorific value of greater than or equal to 5.3 KW.h/kg, preferably 5.8 KW.h/kg, and a moisture content of less than 12%, preferably less than or equal to 8%, and comprises 0.01-3% of binder, such as molasses or lignosulfite, an inorganic agent for neutralizing chlorine, such as sodium, and/or an inorganic agent for improving the fusion temperature of ash, such as calcium carbonate. Preferred Method: The method comprises cooling the granules and applying a dust control agent, preferably an oil, to a surface of the granules. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 13 mass% of fine anthracite coal; 58 mass% of Class A wood; 15 mass% of stems and leaves of corn; 11 mass% of corn cob; and 3 mass% of molasses.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The liquid phase process is hydrothermal crystallization method or sol gel process. Preferred Composition: The peak particle size of the second photocatalyst particle is 0.42-3 mu m. The peak particle size of the photocatalyst particle Y is 0.42-3 mu m. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The rice husk is inoculated and then added with aqueous solution. The obtained mixture is fermented at 30-32 degrees C. Buffer solution and phosphate-saline methanol is added in the mixture. Inoculation is performed with Aspergillus niger. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises injecting the sludge into a lower part of a main body of the sludge solubilization facility through a pipe at 35-45 degrees C and then pulverizing and storing the sludge effluent, carrying out sludge degradation, controlling the input amount by feedback administration, and measuring pressure change in an inner portion of the venturi tube by a pressure gauge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chemical hydride is at least one of a metal hydride, a metal borohydride, or a metal suicide. The catalyst is at least one of a cobalt powder catalyst, a ruthenium powder catalyst, a manganese powder catalyst, an iron powder catalyst, a nickel powder catalyst, an aluminum powder catalyst, a sodium aluminosilicate powder catalyst, a platinum powder catalyst, or a silver powder catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Enzyme: The immobilized enzyme is oxidoreductase (utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or NADP as electron acceptor, and catalyzes oxidation-reduction reaction) which is fixed to carrier. The oxidoreductase is chosen from glucose 1-dehydrogenase, glutamic acid dehydrogenases, and formic dehydrogenase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction zone comprises heterocyclic compound having concentration of 0.2-5 M. Preferred Components: The heterocyclic compound is a compound which has imidazole ring. The compound is chosen from imidazole hydrochloride, pyrazine, 2-imidazolidinone, 1-vinylimidazole, polyvinyl imidazole, and histidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Algae which belong to Parachlorella genus are Parachlorella sp.binos FERM BP-10969. Preferred Parameters: Algae are cultivated at average illuminance of less than or equal to 700 lux by dark condition. Preferred Process: Amount of aeration of aerator is reduced according to improvement of sludge activity after addition of culture medium containing the algae after cultivation, or its dry body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises aspirating the gas mixture from the head space in the direction of separation unit; and measuring the amount of separated carbon dioxide and/or measuring the amount of carbon dioxide that is not separated. The carbon dioxide is separated by absorption, adsorption or membrane filtration. The carbon dioxide is separated by lime-loop-carbon dioxide reduction method. The separation of carbon dioxide with the lime-loop-carbon dioxide reduction method is carried out in a block power plant coupled with a biogas plant of the sewage treatment plant. Preferred Components: The working gas comprises air and/or oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The cover comprises an integrated hood, where the cover is made of individual segments, and at least one segment is openable and/or removable. The head space of denitrification is connected by an overflow channel to the head space of nitrification, where the head space of biological phosphorus removal is connected by an overflow channel to the head space of nitrification. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The cleaning device comprises a nozzle head, which introduces a cleaning fluid with high pressure into the central tube through a feed line. The cleaning device has a rotatable cutter head. The cleaning device blocks a portion of the free cross-section of the central tube such that the supply of the mixture is not interrupted during the cleaning process. The mixing chamber has an enclosing body, which is provided with a turbulence generating knob. Preferred Method: The inoculum suspension is injected behind the multi-component- and multi phase nozzle and behind the mixing chamber, which is associated with the multi-component- and multi phase nozzle into the mixture. The microbial seed agglomerates are dispersed in the inoculum suspension prior to mixing into the mixture in a separate contact element. The multi-component- and/or and multi-phase nozzle is used for gentle dispersion of the microbial seed agglomerates in the inoculum suspension. The gentle dispersion of the microbial seed agglomerates is brought to a favorable value by lowering the flow rate or the temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises: 8-12 wt.%, preferably 10-12 wt.% of the fatty acids mixture; 20-50 wt.%, preferably 20 wt.% L(+)-lactic acid; 30-40 wt.%, preferably 35 wt.% phosphoric acid; and 30-40 wt.%, preferably 35 wt.% 8-16C mono- and/or di-alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate. Preferred Components: The fatty acids mixture (I) comprises 20-40 wt.%, preferably 30 wt.% 8C fatty acids, 40-60 wt.%, preferably 50 wt.% 9C fatty acids, 10-30 wt.%, preferably 20 wt.% 10C fatty acids, and 0-20 wt.% 12C fatty acids. The fatty acids mixture (II) comprises 50-60 wt.%, preferably 58 wt.% 9C fatty acids, 20-30 wt.%, preferably 25 wt.% 10C fatty acids, and 10-20 wt.%, preferably 17 wt.% 12C fatty acids. ACTIVITY - Virucide; Fungicide; Antibacterial. The antibacterial activity of the cold temperature stable micro emulsion concentrate composition was tested against Staphylococcus aureus. The result showed that 0.1% composition (comprised of 5 wt.% 9C fatty acids, 5 wt.% 8-10C fatty acids (60/40), 35 wt.% 8-16C mono- and/or di-alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate surfactant, 20 wt.% L-lactic acid (88%), and 35 wt.% phosphoric acid (75%)) exhibited a kill rate of 99.999%.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The solid separating device is a centrifugation device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The organic solvent is added via a pipeline by in-line mixing in the pipeline connection between the separator unit and the solid separating device. The process further comprises removal of the organic solvent after solids removal step. The organic solvent is removed by a distillation unit or isobutane extraction followed by distillation, preferably by isobutane counter-current extraction followed by distillation. The organic solvent is purified by distillation device, from which high boiling point component is removed. The organic solvent is recycled to separator unit. The resulting ionic liquid is recycled to the reaction zone and re-used in the alkylation process. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is aromatic solvents, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or acetonitrile, such as benzene, toluene, dichloromethane and acetonitrile preferably toluene and dichloromethane. The mass fraction of the organic solvent, when added to the ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase, is 5-60 wt.%, preferably 20-50 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, tartaric acid, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran or water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Gas introduced into the fuel cell system is hydrogen, and metal for fuel electrode of solid oxide fuel cell part is nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The amount of fertilizer in a year is 200 kg/mu.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The fermenting temperature is 70 degrees C. Preferred Method: The fertilizing method is done by adding water to fertilizer, mixing, and applying on root. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Concentration of hydrogen chloride gas is 10-30%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of methanol to cyanoacetic acid is (2.5-10):1. Molar ratio of sulfuric acid to cyanoacetic acid is (1-2):1. Organic solvent is water-insoluble lipid, halogenated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon compound, or toluene. Preferred Conditions: Esterification reaction temperature is 60-90 degrees C and esterification reaction time is 2-8 hours. Preferred Processes: Dimethyl malonate is prepared by recovering hydrochloric acid used in acidifying step by distillation method, adding organic solvent and water in cyanoacetic acid and methanol solution, separating, and rectifying organic phase solvent. Solid-liquid separation is performed by washing solid with 30% hydrochloric acid for 2 times, combining cyanoacetic acid-hydrochloric acid solution washing liquids, washing with sodium hydroxide solution until neutral, and drying to obtain sodium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A Magnolia officinalis phenol/azo magnolol and nitration M. officinalis phenol derivative is prepared by dissolving magnolol in ethanol solution, adding aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, stirring in ice bath and cooling to 0 degrees C, slowly dropping pre-cooled substituted benzene diazonium salt solution, reacting at room temperature, precipitating. Filtering, washing with water, dissolving filter cake in methylene dichloride, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing decompression concentration until dry, and separating by silica gel. Preferred Component: Substituted aniline is aniline, methyl aniline, o-methylaniline, o-methoxyaniline, o-ethoxyaniline, p-chloroaniline, o-chloroaniline, p-nitroaniline, o-nitroaniline, bromoaniline, trifluoromethylaniline, ethylaniline, 3,5-2-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline, p-methylaniline, o-methylchloroaniline, o-methyl-fluoroisophthalic-aniline, or alpha -naphthylamine. Preferred Process: A substituted benzene diazonium salt solution is prepared by using 2.5 mmol substituted aniline, adding water, cooling in ice bath and dropping 5 mmol concentrated hydrochloric acid, completely dissolving substituted aniline hydrochloride, slowly dropping 30% sodium nitrite (NaNO2) aqueous solution, continuously agitating for 20 minutes, reacting at 0-5 degrees C, obtaining substituted benzene diazonium salt solution, subjecting to refrigerator. Preparation of M. officinalis phenol/azo magnolol and nitration M. officinalis phenol derivative involves dissolving magnolol and acetic acid with anhydrous methylene dichloride in ice bath, adding concentrated nitric acid, slowly dropping methylene dichloride, reacting, using saturated sodium bicarbonate solution to methylene dichloride, combining organic phase, drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing decompression concentration, and performing column chromatography to separate and obtain pure product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The probiotics comprise (a) lactic acid bacteria, microzyme, Actinomycete, photosynthetic bacterium and Bacillus, (b) lactic acid bacteria, microzyme, nitrobacteria, and Bacillus and (c) photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomycetes and Bacillus. ACTIVITY - Insect repellent.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution is 30% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In fluorine replacement reaction, the solvent used is dimethyl formamide (DMF) or DMSO (preferably dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). In salt forming reaction, the solvent is ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The corn starch acts as long-acting carbon source.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The bottle has a diameter of 6 cm, and a vent of 1 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Materials: The plant fiber is crop straw. The plant seed is Nitraria, Peganum harmala, Artemisia seed, Hedysarum scoparium and gramineous plants. The nutrient is nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Preferred Organism: The composite fermentation bacterium is epiphytes, bacteria, fungi, nitrifying bacteria or phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The biological active component is composed of agarose, polyethylene peptide amine of 10-15 parts, hyacinth root extract and nose nocardia bacterial suspension.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of rice hull powder and anthracite coal are 10-50 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer includes elements. Preferred Component: The elements are nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The yeast is Pichia pastoris.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Component: Kitchen waste is hogwash, bone, waste leaves, stems and root, leftovers, meat product, and slaughtering plant waste including internal organs, skin and hairs. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Thawing is done from - 4 degrees c to 30 degrees C for 5-6 hours using steam. Drying is done at 80-95 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The green algae is Enteromorpha and/or Ulva. The brown algae is kelp, gulfweed and/or Ascophyllum nodosum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The complex enzyme comprises cellulase, protease and pectinase. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Fermentation of first pile of Chinese medicine residue is carried out at 60 degrees C for 1 year. Piling of second stack of Chinese medicine residue is done at less than or equal to 50 degrees C. Preferred Composition: Chinese medicine residue is composed of 30 wt.%. scales, 15 wt.% peat, 50 wt.% loess and 5 wt.% traditional Chinese medicine slag. further comprises 3-4 kg/m3 slow release fertilizer and 0.5 kg/m3 trace elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Thermophilic bacteria is composed of Bacillus microorganisms, Streptomyces microorganisms, Actinomadura microorganisms and Myceliophthora microorganisms where total viable count is greater than or equal to 200000000/g. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The manure is pig manure and chicken manure. The organic solid waste is coconut and crushed straw. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of pig manure, chicken manure, mushroom, coconut husk and straw is 30-40:30-40:10-20:5-10:5-10. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The manure is pig manure, chicken manure and/or cow dung. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Materials: The fertilizer further comprises nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and trace element. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biological strain comprises Azotobacter and actinomycete.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The trace elements comprise sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, or copper. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The high temperature fermentation strain comprises Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, microzyme, Trichoderma and Paenibacillus polymyxa at weight ratio of 1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2:1-2. The composite enzyme comprises protease, lipase and cellulase at weight ratio of 1-3:1-2:5-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The auxiliary material is sawdust, rice bran, crop straw, lees, dregs, tobacco, or mushroom residue. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 90-85 wt.% organic fertilizer, 0.5-1 wt.% fermented tobacco stems, 2-4 wt.% urea, 1-2 wt.% diamine, and 1-3 wt.% potassium sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 90-95 wt.% organic fertilizer, 2-4 wt.% urea, 1-2 wt.% diammonium, 1-3 wt.% potassium sulfate, and 0.5-1 wt.% fermented tobacco stalk. Preferred Method: The fermented tobacco stalk is prepared crushing, carrying out aerobic fermentation and completely decomposing. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insect Repellent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Organic solid waste is dairy manure, chicken manure, edible fungi slag and coconut at volume ratio of 4:3:2:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base is inorganic base chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate, or organic base chosen from pyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene and diisopropylethylamine. The solvent is polar non-protonic organic solvent chosen from N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl sulfoxide. Preferred Definitions:    R1=methyl, ethyl, or allyl, propargyl or benzyl (all optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Reaction is done at 50-120 degrees C, preferably 50-90 degrees C for 4-6 hours in the presence of basic catalyst. Preferred Component: The basic catalyst is potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, preferably potassium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Synthesis involves taking vitamin B1 and polyphosphoric acid at weight ratio of 1:3-5, reacting at 80-130 degrees C for 3-8 hours, adding water at weight ratio of 1:3-10, hydrolyzing at 80-120 degrees C for 2-10 hours, cooling, extracting with trioctylamine and organic solvent A, removing phosphoric acid, precipitating in 5-7 times amount of organic solvent B, pulping with water, adding alkali at 0-5 degrees C to pH value of 8.0-14.0, adding 1-2 times amount of benzoyl chloride, reacting for 2-3 hours, filtering, adjusting pH value to 3.5-4.0 using hydrochloric acid to precipitate, separating, drying, and recycling solvent. Preferred Components: Organic solvent A is ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene and/or petroleum ether. Organic solvent B is methanol, ethanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and/or dioxane. Preferred Composition: Weight ratio of trioctylamine and organic solvent A is 1:2-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of methanol, water and triethanolamine is 25-30:2.5-3:0.5-0.8, preferably 22:2:0.5. The water is distilled water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second liquid comprises 24-43 wt.% lauryl alcohol, 24-43 wt.% n-octanol, 3-17 wt.% glyceryl monostearate, 5-31 wt.% oleic acid and 4-12 wt.% biodiesel. In the use of the cosolvent in methanol-straight-run gasoline system, the composition is as follows: 5-50 wt.% methanol, 30-80 wt.% straight-run gasoline, 10-20 wt.% first liquid and 0.5-4 wt.% second liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fuel composition comprises 75 pts. wt. straw briquetting fuel, 16.6 pts. wt. dry sludge organic cellulose, and 8.4 pts. wt. dry sludge ash.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The SWZ catalyst is made by modulating 50% alkali metal carbonate, 10% sodium chloride, and 40% water into carbonation reaction. The SWZ catalyst that is added to biomass to improve volatile and charcoal yield is 15%, such that thermogravimetric analysis results showed that cellulose pyrolysis begins at 52 degrees C and reaches drying stage at 120-150 degrees C to evaporate biomass moisture without changing material chemical composition. Preferred Method: The endothermic reaction is carried out at 150-275 degrees C, in which material chemical composition begins to change, and reaction temperature varies depending on changes of biological properties, such that hemicellulose decomposed into components including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water, and other combustible materials to determine exact time after rapid flameout.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass briquetting fuel comprises weed, soybean straw, rice straw, rice husks, corn stalks, corn cobs, sorghum stalks, cotton stalks, or straw. The biofuel comprises 75 pts. wt. biomass fuel briquettes, 11 pts. wt. coal, 7 pts. wt. hexamethylene tetramine, 5 pts. wt. ethanol, and 2 pts. wt. stearic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding anaerobic digested sludge water or rice as inoculum, short chain fatty acid as a donor and nano-magnetite as carrier to culture medium, performing culturing at 30-37 degrees C and pH of 7, and producing volatile fatty acid by anaerobic fermentation. The donor is a propionic acid and/or short chain fatty acid (l-10 g/L). The final concentration of the magnetite is 4 g/l, and the diameter of the magnetite is 5-50nm mm. The final concentration of inoculum is 10-20 g/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Peat is organic matter (30-70wt.%). Preferred Conditions: The pH value of herbaceous peat is 5.0-6.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves crushing corn flour with water, formulating the mixture into a slurry, centrifuging the mixture, collecting supernatant, maintaining temperature of the mixture at 80-85 degrees C, and obtaining supernatant dry matter concentration of 3-6%. The step (c) involves adding 15-20 units/g protease, 30-40 units/g amylase, and 3 parts per million (ppm) antibacterial agents into dry corn flour. The step (c) involves stirring the mixture at 60-65 degrees C for 30 minutes. The step (d) involves cooling the mixture to 30-35 degrees C, and adding 400-500 units/g glucoamylase, yeast, and 0.2 %mass total nutrients into the mixture. The step (d) involves fermenting the mixture for 75-85 hours. The step (d) involves cooling the mixture to 30-35 degrees C, adding 0.2% yeast, 400-500 units/g glucoamylase, 2 ppm magnesium sulfate, 2 ppm zinc sulfate, 300 ppm urea, and 20 ppm ammonium dihydrogen phosphate into the mixture, and fermenting the mixture for 75-85 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Raw material comprises raw, semi-dry and dry rice and wheat.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises allowing the container to stand for 2-3 days in summer, and 5-7 days in winter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dilute acid is diluted sulfuric acid. The dilute alkali is dilute barium hydroxide. Preferred Method: Acidifying is done at pH of 5-6. Adjusting pH is done at 7.5-8.5. The ion exchange column is cation exchange column and/or anion exchange column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The micro-ecological fertilizer comprises 20-28 pts. wt. Bacillus subtilis, 15-25 pts. wt. Aspergillus niger, and 8-15 pts. wt. Lactobacillus plantarum. Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis L1-2013-02 (CGMCC NO: 7926). Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger L1-2013-03 (CGMCC NO: 7927). The micro-ecological fertilizer is composed of 25 pts. wt. Bacillus subtilis, 20 pts. wt. Aspergillus niger and 10 pts. wt. Lactobacillus plantarum. Preferred Method: Bacillus subtilis agent is prepared by transferring Bacillus subtilis culture from the inclined plane, adding the seed liquid after progressive expansion cultivation into the fermentation tank, after fermentation, filtering fermentation liquid by plate frame filtering, and drying to obtain Bacillus subtilis containing microbial inoculum and enzyme preparation. Lactobacillus plantarum agent is prepared by transferring Lactobacillus plantarum culture from the inclined plane, adding the seed liquid after progressive expansion cultivation into the fermentation tank, fermenting, vacuum concentrating the fermentation liquid at low temperature and negative pressure to the original volume of 45% to obtain bacterial concentrated liquid, adding carrier to the concentrated liquid, mixing, where the weight ratio of concentrate and carrier is 0.5:1, the carrier comprises 20-23 pts. wt. calcium carbonate, and 10-12 pts. wt. dextrin, then fluidized bed drying, where the drying temperature is 50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves removing leaves of sweet Sorghum and squeezing, and pressing at 30-60 MPa to obtain high Sorghum juice sugar liquid of 60-85 wt.%, and Sorghum residue with high cellulose content of 20-30 wt.%. The method involves performing evaporation or membrane filtration. The method involves pre-treating the Sorghum residue at 120-200 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours. The steam explosion is performed at 140-200 degrees C and 0.5-0.9 MPa for 3-10 minutes. The enzymolysis is performed at 45-55 degrees C and 5-300 revolutions/minute for 24-120 hours. The solid content of the enzyme is 5-20 wt.%. The concentration of the glucose during enzymolysis is 2-15 wt.%. The method involves adding 15-25 wt.% enzymolyzed liquid to 10-30 wt.% molasses. The fermentation is ethanol fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Preferred Method: The step (a) involves preprocessing scrap iron in scrap iron pool filled at volume ratio of 50-90 vol.%. The step (a) involves preprocessing iron for 1-5 hours. The step (a) involves providing aeration during preprocessing iron such that the content of dissolved oxygen in tank is 0.2-0.5 mg/l. The step (b) involves using reactor, which is a tower reactor having height-diameter ratio of 10-20, where the power supplied to the reactor is 5-10 m/hour. The efficient pressure of the anaerobic reactor is maintained at first-stage or multi-stage series, the volume load of each stage of the reactor is 10-50 kg-chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3 d), the operation temperature is maintained at 30-40 degrees C, and the operation time is 5-30 hours. The step (c) involves performing Fenton oxidation at 80-90 degrees C, maintaining hydraulic retention time for 2-4 hours, where the dosage of ferrous sulfate (to ferrous ion) is 400-800 mg/l, and the mass ratio of peroxide with respect to COD is 120-160%. The step (d) involves adjusting pH of the wastewater to 7-8 using calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. The step (d) involves using polyacrylamide organic flocculating agent, where the flocculating agent is added in an amount of 0.5-5 mg/l, and the flocculation settling time is 5-30 minutes. The step (e) involves filtering the product using traditional sand filter, multi media filter, fiber bundle or fiber-ball filter, or using fluidized sand filter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The bioorganic fertilizer comprises 33-66 wt.% chicken manure having water content of less than 80 wt.%, 5- 12 wt.% Eucalyptus powder, 9-15 wt.% distiller's grain having water content of less than 60 wt.%, 0.1-0.3 wt.% trehalose, 0.15 wt.% EM liquid, 0.15 wt.% brown sugar, 0.2 wt.% elements, and balance water. The weight ratio of zinc, magnesium, calcium, manganese, ferrous and sodium is 1:5:10:1:5:10. The eucalyptus powder, mushroom powder and straw powder have water content of 10-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The EM liquid is prepared from bacteria, Actinomycetes, Saccharomycetes and other beneficial microorganisms; has strong fermentation decomposition ability; can catalyze and decompose different crop straw, tree bark and sawdust; and is used as plant nutritional agent and conditioning agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The elements are in the form of zinc gluconate, magnesium gluconate, ferrous gluconate, sodium gluconate and calcium gluconate, and used as activator for EM liquid. Ferrous gluconate has strong complexing ability, particularly iron (III) has excellent chelating effect. The trehalose comprises two glucose molecules linked by 1,1-glucoside bond, and is used as activator and plant nutritional agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The high temperature aerobic fermenting bacteria is bacteria enzyme, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, and/or Bacillus stearothermophilus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The traditional Chinese medicine dreg is radix salviae miltiorrhizae and/or large-headed atractylodes rhizome. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) includes controlling the zinc content in the ammonia solution, and when the zinc content is one third of the zinc sulfate, stopping filling ammonia gas. The step (a) includes releasing carbon dioxide and water in roasting section. In step (i), the reaction is carried out at normal temperature and pressure, where the reaction includes reacting ammonium sulfate and calcium hydroxide to generate calcium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide. The step (a) is carried out at normal temperature and pressure, where the reaction includes reacting ammonium hydroxide and carbon dioxide to generate ammonium bicarbonate. The step (iii) is carried out at normal temperature and pressure, where the reaction includes reacting zinc sulfate, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium bicarbonate to generate mixture of zinc carbonate and zinc hydroxide, and ammonium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Component: The biogas slurry composite has pH value of 6.5-8, 73-79% ammonia nitrogen, where the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are in a weight ratio of 0.1-0.3:0.05-0.2:0.1-0.3. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The seaweed is red or brown algae, Hypnea algae, Eucheuma algae, and gulfweed. Preferred Method: The mechanically crushed homogenate is subjected for ultrasonic crushing method, grinding, high pressure homogenization method, and freezing-crushing method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali treatment liquid can be multi-alkaline solution or alkaline salt solution of corresponding alkali process and digestion, e.g. sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide solution, so that it uses less amount of alkali liquid and reduces the cost, using mixed potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, where the ratio of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1:0.9. The composite organic and inorganic material is humic acid, urea, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate and microelement.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The mushroom nutrient bag comprises 76 pts. wt. sawdust, 15 pts. wt. rice bran, 5 pts. wt. wheat bran, 2 pts. wt. gypsum powder, 1.2 pts. wt. sucrose, 0.8 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate and 100 pts. wt. water. The pH of the mushroom nutritional bag, is 6-6.5. Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the edible fungi added into the mushroom nutrient bag is wrapped at a pressure of 0.1-0.15 Mpa, and the high temperature steam sterilization is carried out at 110-118 degrees C for 20-22 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A sterilizing room is closed by a steel plate container. The top part of the sterilizing room is in reverse V-type structure. The inner side of the sterilizing room is set with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. The bottom of the sterilizing room is set with a steam entrance, a water outlet and a steam safety valve. The sterilizing room is further provided with an auxiliary edible fungi sterilizing device. The edible fungi sterilizing device comprises a cubical stainless steel auxiliary frame. The two side surface of the upper longitudinal direction of the stainless steel frame is bound with the upper vertical direction of the stainless steel pole. The distance of a stainless steel pole, is 15 cm. The stainless steel pole is hinged at the bottom of the stainless steel bottom. The bottom of a stainless steel frame is set with a universal wheel. The upper wall of the stainless steel frame is set with non-woven fabrics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chemical liquid fuel comprises either 6 pts. wt. ethanol, 4 pts. wt. potassium nitrate, 2 butyl butyrate and 88 pts. wt. methanol; or 10 pts. wt. ethanol, 5 pts. wt. potassium nitrate, 8 butyl butyrate and 82 pts. wt. methanol; or 12 pts. wt. ethanol, 8 pts. wt. potassium nitrate, 5 butyl butyrate and 75 pts. wt. methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Hydrogenation isomerization reactor is filled with hydrorefining catalyst and hydrodewaxing catalyst according to volume ratio of 1:5-2:1. Preferred Components: Hydrotreating catalyst contains group VIB and/or group VIII as active components and aluminum- or silicon-containing alumina as carrier in which amount of 1st metal oxides of group VIB is 8-28 wt.%, and amount of 1st metal oxides of group VIII is 2-15 wt.%, and hydrodewaxing catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst containing O-type molecular sieve and contains 15-30 wt.% tungsten oxide (WO3), 2-15 wt.% nickel oxide (NiO), or 10-45 wt.% cobalt(II) oxide (CoO) or P-type molecular sieve in which carrier is alumina or amorphous alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Carbon number of animal oil and vegetable oil is 12-24. Vegetable oil is soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, olive oil, linseed oil, cotton seed oil, and/or castor oil, and animal oil is fish oil and/or cow oil. Diesel feedstock contains greater than or equal to 40 wt.% straight-run diesel. Diesel feedstock contains catalytic diesel and/or coking diesel. Mass ratio hot high liquid phase of animal and vegetable oil and diesel raw material is 1:6-6:1. Preferred Conditions: Hydroisomerization reactor has reaction temperature of 300-420 degrees C, reaction pressure of 4-18 MPa, liquid hourly space velocity of 0.2-5 per hour, and hydrogen:oil volume ratio of 100:1-1000:1, and liquid phase hydrogenation reactor has reaction temperature of 300-400 degrees C, reaction pressure of 4-15 MPa, and liquid hourly space velocity of 1-5 per hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Plasticizer is formic acid and/or Epoxy fatty acid methyl ester. Toughener is calcium chloride. Antistatic agent is quaternary ammonium salt and/or hydroxyethyl fatty amine. Photoinitiator is 2-phenylacetophenone, benzophenone and/or 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of cured resin, antistatic agent, photoinitiator and plasticizer is 10:2-3:0.8-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The straw is sawdust. The content of straw and Eupatorium in mixture is preferably 40 wt.% and 60 wt.%, respectively. Preferred Process: The straw and Eupatorium are preferably crushed into diameter of 2-4 mm. The moisture content of straw and Eupatorium in mixture is preferably controlled to 6-9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Synthesis gas is prepared from coal or carbonaceous materials. Preferred Composition: Volume ratio of synthesis gas entering the first and final reactors is 1:1-2. Reactor inlet ratio given by the difference of H2 concentration and 3 times CO concentration to CO2 concentration is 1:3.3-4.2. Preferred Method: High-temperature methanation reaction is carried out at inlet and outlet temperatures are 250-400 degrees C and 600-700, respectively, under pressure of 3.0-5.5 MPa. Low-temperature methanation reaction is carried out at inlet and outlet temperatures are 200-300 degrees C and 300-500, respectively, under pressure of 3.0-5.5 MPa. Methanation reaction uses 2-6 adiabatic fixed bed reactors.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) subjecting frankincense, white alum and myrrh to carbon dioxide supercritical extraction at 25 MPa and 50 degrees C using 5% ethanol for 200 minutes to obtain supercritical extract for further use, (b) subjecting longhairy Antenoron herb, oriental wormwood, radix curcumae, dried orange peel, radix scutellariae, mirabilite, rhubarb, rhizoma sparganii, Gardenia and licorice to microwave extraction at 700 W using 50% ethanol for 2 times (each time for 8 minutes) and recovering ethanol, and (c) combining the extracts, concentrating the combined extract, drying the concentrate, and tableting the dried concentrate, where each tablet is 0.5 g. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: The microwave power is 700 W. The microwave extracting time is 8 minutes. ACTIVITY - Analgesic; Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nickel and carbon nanotubes contained in the catalyst is 30-33 %mass and 16-26 %mass, respectively. The concentration of solution (A) is 2 mol/L. The particle size of quartz sand is 40-80 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The ratio of propane and propylene in gaseous phase is 10% or less. Preferred Method: The method involves adding odor components to propane. Preferred Components: The odor components are hydrogen sulfide or ammonia. The molecular sieve is crystalline zeolite, where the pore sizes of the molecular sieve adsorbes water molecules and the odor component, and does not adsorb propane molecule. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The buffering agent in step (ii) is calcium carbonate. The zeolite of the carbon-carbon coupling catalyst in step (b) comprises 10-membered and/or 12-membered ring channels and a silica to alumina molar ratio (SAR) of 10-300. The sulfided carbon-carbon coupling catalyst in step (b) is sulfided in-situ and/or ex-situ.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The 3-12C oxygenates are one or more 3-12C ketones and/or one or more 3-12C alkanols, where the step (a) comprises (i) fermentation of a biomass material with one or more microorganisms, preferably a mixture of two or more microorganisms, to produce a fermentation broth comprising one or more carboxylic acids, (ii) neutralization of the carboxylic acids with the help of a buffering agent to produce one or more carboxylate salts, and (iii) transforming the carboxylate salts into the 3-12C ketones and/or 3-12C alkanols. The step (iii) comprises heating the carboxylate salts at a temperature of 350-500 degrees C at a pressure of less than or equal to 0.05 Mpa to produce 3-12C ketones. The produced 3-12C ketones are hydrogenated to produce one or more 3-12C alkanols. The carboxylate salts produced in step (ii) are descummed and/or dewatered and/or dried before transforming in step (iii). The step (b) comprises contacting the 3-12C oxygenates with the sulfided carbon-carbon coupling catalyst at a temperature 250-450 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The fuel consists of fluid catalytic cracking slurry, high viscosity fuel and heavy fuel oils accordance with ASTM D396-98.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The centrifuging step is a three-phase centrifuging step, and comprises a first two-phase type centrifuging step coupled to a second three-phase centrifuging step. The method further comprises adding an acid to the soap stock composition, and followed by stirring. The adding step is performed after the step (a) and before the step (b). Preferred Components: The weight proportion of the soap stock composition is 10-80 wt.%, preferably 50-75 wt.%. EXAMPLE - 100 l of Mixture 50/50 of safety extra low voltage heavy fuel oil with a soap stock composition was prepared from sunflower oil. The mixture was heated at 80 degrees C, centrifuged for 20 minutes at a speed of 5000 metric ton/minutes and filtered using a filter with a thickness of 500 mu m to give end fuel composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The method involves purifying biodiesel under high-pressure using carbon dioxide at 00.1-0.9 megapascal and 263-373 Kelvin to obtain desired product. EXAMPLE - The example illustrates purification of biodiesel, which was carried under high-pressure using carbon dioxide at 0.35-9 megapascal at 310 Kelvin to form two phases. The upper phase was rich in biodiesel, and the bottom phase was composed of methyl ester (99-140 wt.%), monoacylglycerol ( not greater than 0.71 wt.%), diacylglycerol ( not greater than 0.130 wt.%), and triacylglycerol ( not greater than 0.001 wt.%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method further comprises pretreating or hydrolyzing the silage to produce sugar streams, contacting the biomass with carbon dioxide to reduce oxygen levels and contacting the biomass with an amylase. The silage does not require washing prior to pretreating or hydrolyzing step. The pretreating step is a dilute acid hydrolysis step, in which less acid is required during pretreatment than for silage produced by an ensiling process that does not include the contacting step. Preferred Components: The amount of formic acid, sulfur dioxide gas and propionic acid is 0.1-20, preferably 0.1-5 wt.%. The biomass is reduced to an average size of 0.6-1.3 cm prior to packing the biomass in the container. The container is an air-tight container. The silage comprises starch. The biomass comprises crops or their residues from grasses, herbaceous legumes, tree legumes, corns or maize, alfalfas, Sorghum or sweet Sorghum, oats, rice, wheat, barley, millets, triticale, ryes, buckwheat, fonios and/or quinoa. The biomass has: a pH of 4-6 after the contacting step; a bulk density of 10-100 lbs/ft3; and a moisture content of 50-70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The core and the cooling structure are entirely made of steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises 0.05-5 wt.% of the Group VIII metal, based on the weight of the zeolite. The Group VIII metal is selected from platinum, and/or palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process (P1), the feed stream has a RON of less than 75; comprises at least 10 wt.% normal 4-6C paraffins; and comprises at least 50 wt.% normal 4-6C paraffins. The hydroisomerization conditions comprise a temperature of 150-700 degrees F, preferably 480-520 degrees F (66-371 degrees C, preferably 249-271 degrees C), a pressure of 50-2000 psig, preferably 150-450 psig (0.45-13.89 MPa, preferably 1.14-3.20 MPa), a hydrocarbon feed LHSV of 0.5-5 h-1, preferably 0.5-3 h-1, and a hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio of 0.5-10, preferably 2-8. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-structured and catalytically active reaction surface utilizes partial oxide composition, where the reaction surface has: a thickness of 2-4000 nm, preferably less than 400 nm; a roughness of 10-5000 nm, preferably less than 500 nm. The materials used in reaction surface are steels of different composition, preferably high-strength chrome and nickel variants.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor has a reaction temperature of 150-320 degrees C, preferably 240-260 degrees C, and reaction pressure of 90 bar (9 MPa) and 350 bar (35 MPa), preferably less than 300 bar (30 MPa) and 120 bar (12 MPa). A plate-like reaction surface, a tubular reaction surface and/or a spiral reaction surface is used in the reactor in a longitudinal direction with interruptions. The reactor adopts laminar air flows arranged in the reaction surface. The active surface area is larger by at least factor 2, preferably at least 8 (roughness factor) than their geometric surface.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises carrying out initial contact of waste-grease-alcohol emulsion with 12-15 mole methanol (per mole of waste grease) at 320-385 degrees C between the metallic reactor material and nano-structured-catalytically active reaction surface. The transesterification reaction of raw materials with alcohol is carried out for 1-600 seconds, preferably less than 30 seconds. Preferred Components: The resultant bio-diesel product, preferably methanol is free from metallic ion impurities. EXAMPLE - Used cooking oil or cooking oil and 35-40 mol methanol were added into a stirred tank reactor, 180 bar (18 MPa) pressure was applied, reacted at 280 degrees C via two-stage heat exchanger, and the resultant emulsion was heated in a tubular reactor to obtain bio-diesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The methanol is heated to a temperature of 240-500 degrees C. The reacting step is carried out at temperature of 280 degrees C and pressure of 20 MPa for 90 minutes. Preferred Components: The molar ratio of the: methanol to the material oil is 60:1; and acetic acid to the material oil is 3:1.4. The volume ratio of the: methanol to the material oil is 2.5:1; and the acetic acid to the material oil is 1:6.4. The material oil includes soybean oils, plant oils, animal oils, waste cooking oils, or oils or fats containing glycerol ester and/or fatty acids. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbohydrate is reacted directly with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst prior to hydrogenolysis. The step of processing of at least a portion of the reaction product comprises: contacting at least a portion of the reaction product with a condensation catalyst to form the fuel blend, where the fuel blend comprises a gasoline fuel, and with a hydrogenation catalyst; contacting at least a portion of the reaction product with an acid catalyst to form at least some olefins; and contacting the olefins with an oligomerization catalyst. The method further comprises treating a biomass feedstock to form the carbohydrate. The step of treating the bio-based feedstock comprises contacting at least a portion of the biobased feedstock with a hydrolysis catalyst. The step of providing a carbohydrate comprises providing a biomass feedstock directly to the hydrogenolysis reaction. Preferred Components: The hydrogenolysis catalyst and hydrogenation catalyst are the same catalyst, and are present in the same reactor vessel. The fuel blend comprises: at least one composition comprising a fuel additive, a gasoline fuel, a diesel fuel, and a jet fuel; and at least one additive comprising a saturated alcohol, a saturated polyol, and a saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrogenolysis catalyst comprises at least one metal comprising chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, manganese, copper, cadmium, iron, cobalt, nickel, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium and/or their alloys. The hydrolysis catalyst comprises at least one of an acid catalyst, a base catalyst and/or a metal catalyst. The acid catalyst comprises an organic acid. The organic acid comprises at least one of an acetic acid, a formic acid, and a levulinic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of shining involves intensifying light originating at a light source, where the light is sunlight having a wavelength of 300-1500 nm, preferably 300-800 nm. The step of intensifying includes passing the light through one of fences, mirrors, waveguides, or optical devices. The method further involves reflecting light emerging from the reaction vessel back into the vessel. Preferred Components: The first semiconductor nanocrystal is Cu and the second semiconductor nanocrystal is ZnS. The second semiconductor nanocrystal region is longer than each first semiconductor nanocrystal region. The second inorganic capping agent is ReO2. The first inorganic capping agent is W2O3. The photoactive material is a photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystal. In the method (m1), the photocatalytic capped colloidal nanocrystal includes at least one semiconductor nanocrystal and at least one inorganic capping agent; and includes first and second semiconductor nanocrystals and first and second inorganic capping agents, where the first and second capping agents overlying at least portions of the first and second semiconductor nanocrystals, respectively. Where one of first or second capping agents is reduction photocatalyst and the other is oxidation photocatalyst. The photoactive material is carried on a porous substrate. The porous substrate has a pore size sufficient to admit CO2 and H2 gas. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dimethyl ether is present in an amount of 2-20 wt.%, preferably 8-12 wt.%. The additional propellants consisting of n-butane, isobutane and propane is present in an amount of 1-10 wt.%, preferably 4-7 wt.%. The weight ratio of the dimethyl ether to the additional propellants is 5:1-1:2, preferably 2:1. The cationic surfactant is present in an amount of 0.05-1.3 wt.%, preferably 0.17-0.4 wt.%, and is of formula ((R2-N+((R1)(R3)(R4)))(X-)) (I). The water-soluble alcohol (preferably ethanol) is present in an amount of 14-35 wt.%, preferably 23-26 wt.%. The water is present in an amount of at most 60 wt.%, preferably at most 48 wt.%.R1, R2 = H, 1-6C-alkyl, 2-6C-alkenyl, or 2-6C-hydroxyalkyl, preferably methyl;R3 = H, 1-7C-alkyl, 8-28C-alkyl, 2-6C-alkenyl, or 2-6C-hydroxyalkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl;R4 = 8-28C-alkyl; andX- = anion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids using an acid catalyst or cellulase enzymes to produce glucose; recovering or further treating the cellulose-rich solids as pulp, a cellulose product, or a cellulose derivative. The process further comprising hydrolyzing the hemicellulose oligomers to monomers in the presence of heat and optionally a second hydrolysis catalyst. The hemicelluloses from step (e) and the hemicellulose oligomers are combined and hydrolyzed in a single reactor. Preferred Components: The first hydrolysis catalyst includes an acid selected from acetic acid, formic acid, uronic acids, levulinic acid, sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, lignosulfonic acid, carbon dioxide, and/or carbonic acid. The acid or acid precursor is selected from sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, lignosulfonic acid, or their salts, or derivatives, preferably sulfur dioxide. The second liquid stream contains hemicellulose oligomers. The second hydrolysis catalyst is present and includes hemicellulase enzymes or an acid selected from acetic acid, formic acid, uronic acids, levulinic acid, sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, lignosulfonic acid, carbon dioxide, and/or carbonic acid. The cellulose-rich solids from step (d) contain, on a dry basis, less than or equal to 2 wt.% hemicellulose content. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pipeline is detachably installed outside the device body. The device further comprises: a heat sink for releasing the internal heat of the pipeline to the outside air to increase the contact area; a spray unit for spraying cold water to the heat sink; a shell installed in the device body and connected to an external cooling water supply unit; a cold water spray nozzle at the top of the shell in the direction of the heat sink; a bent part formed at the pipeline inclined upwards in the upper portion of the anaerobic digestion tank and curved in the lower part; a backflow prevention device for preventing the reflux of the scum from the anaerobic digestion tank by plugging the porous tube; and a scum level sensor installed on the anaerobic digestion tank at a predetermined height, preferably on the pipeline. The pipeline at the top of the anaerobic digestion tank is upwardly inclined at multiple stages, where the the porous tube is placed on the upward sloping portion. The pipeline is provided with an opening and closing check valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass includes cellulose, lignocellulose, hemicellulose and/or lignin. The aprotic solvent is non-polar solvent or low-polarity solvent, comprising dodecane, xylene, tetralin and/or decalin. The amount of the solvent is 100-2000 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. biomass. Preferred Method: The controlling method is carried out under the absence of hydrogen. The internal condition is controlled at 250-500 degrees C under the pressure of 30 bar. The decomposition product includes furan derivative. EXAMPLE - 6 g Microcrystalline cellulose and 60 ml solvent were mixed in 300 ml batch reactor, and purged with hydrogen gas to remove air from the reactor. The mixture in the reactor was heated and stirred at 350 degrees C with a heating rate of 4.6 degrees C/minute and a speed of 400 revolutions/minute under hydrogen pressure of 35 bar for 20 minutes and then cooled. Then the obtained solution was filtered to obtain solid residue, which was subjected to filtering, washing with acetone and drying to obtain the decomposed product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method; The method comprises extracting a second liquid stream from a substrate comprising sugar, mixing part of second liquid stream with the pH neutralization agent to obtain a liquid stream comprising the pH neutralization agent, performing an alcoholic fermentation of second liquid stream using a microorganism, preferably an alcohol-microorganism, extracting the liquid stream from the substrate comprising sugar to obtain a liquid stream-depleted substrate, mixing the liquid stream comprising the pH neutralization agent with the pretreated substrate, contacting the substrate with cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic enzymes to obtain hydrolyzate comprising a solid residue and a liquid phase containing sugars, fermenting the hydrolyzate using the alcohol-microorganism to obtain a fermented wine, and separating and purifying the fermented wine to obtain a purified flow comprising alcohol and/or solvent. Preferred Components: The basic or acidic compound and pH neutralization agent comprises potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid and formic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The fermentation liquid is prepared by immersing 10 kg bean in 100 kg water for 12-15 days and fermenting in the presence of bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Peat comprises long fiber peat with a bulk density of 0.4-0.6 g/cm3 and short fiber peat with a bulk density of 0.6-0.8 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The crude product is purified using alcohol/alkane mixed solvent. 3-Acetylmercapto-2-benzylpropionic acid is obtained by dissolving 2-benzylacrylic acid in excess thioacetic acid, reacting at 30-90 degrees C for 2-8 hours to obtain 3-acetylmercapto-2-benzylpropionic acid solution, distilling excess thioacetic acid, and removing azeotropic impurity using toluene. The molar ratio of 2-benzylacrylic acid and thioacetic acid is 1:1.6-2. Glycine benzyl ester tosylate is dissolved in a solvent, an acid binder is added and stir-dissolved, 3-acetylmercapto-2-benzylpropionic acid solution is added, and amidation is carried out. The molar ratio of 3-acetylmercapto-2-benzylpropionic acid and glycine benzyl ester tosylate is 1:1. The molar ratio of 3-acetylmercapto-2-benzylpropionic acid and condensing agent is 1:1.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The alcohol/alkane mixed solvent comprises 1-4C alcohol and 5-8C alkane. Solvent (A) is 2-4C ester, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and/or N,N-dimethylformamide. The acid binder is triethylamine, pyridine, sodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, and/or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1): the predetermined ratio is six parts of the dilute sulfuric acid to one part of the biological waste; the mixing of the biological waste with the dilute sulfuric acid comprises stirring the mixture for a predefined duration, where the predefined duration is at least half an hour; the elevated temperature is 900 degrees C; the organic slurry is thermally cracked in a closed chamber comprising a venting pipe; and the ammonia gas and the fuel gas is released from the venting pipe of the closed chamber, in response to the thermally cracking of the organic slurry. The method (M1) further comprises: mixing the acidic liquid and at least one of the organic slurry washing liquid, the char and ash washing liquid, and the suspension liquid; and adjusting an acidity level of the mixture of the acidic liquid and at least one of the organic slurry washing liquid, the char and ash washing liquid, and the suspension liquid to a predefined pH level. The acidic liquid comprises at least one nutrient, which is absorbed from the biological waste present in the acidic liquid, and is at least one of nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, iron, and copper, where the method (M1) further comprises mixing the acidic liquid with raw biological waste for a predetermined number of times, where the predetermined number of times is based on an amount of the nutrient absorbed from the raw biological waste by the acidic liquid. The method (M2) further comprises: adjusting an acidity level of the char and ash to a predefined pH level; and drying the char and ash to obtain a soil conditioner. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is controlled at 20-35 degrees C, preferably 25 degrees C. The pH of the cells in turn is reduced during reaction process. The pH of the first cell is controlled to 6.97-9.17, the pH of the second cell is controlled to 6.64-8.95, the pH of the third cell is controlled to 6.31-8.86, and the pH of the fourth cell is controlled to 6.17-7.42. Preferred Components: The concentration of the FNA is 0.01-0.59 mg/l, which is calculated by given below formula: FNA is equal to (NO2-N)/exp(-2300/273+T)x 10pH, where FNA is free of nitrite concentration, mg/l; (NO2-N) is nitrite-nitrogen concentration, mg/l, and T is temperature.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: At least one cell of the aerobic nitration tank is optionally connected with the sedimentation tank through the aerobic nitration tank water outlet tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Conditions: Regulated solution pH after adding sulfuric acid is 3-3.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Hydrogen peroxide concentration is 7.5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Slow release carbon source type high molecular material is poly- beta -hydroxyl fatty acid ester. Flocculating agent is polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali is anhydrous potassium carbonate or anhydrous sodium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substituted piperazine is selected from methyl piperazine, ethyl piperazine, n-propyl piperazine, iso-propyl piperazine, n-octyl piperazine, benzyl piperazine or 1-(thiophene-3-methyl)diethylenediamine. The organic amine is triethylamine, diethylamine, pyridine, morpholine or piperidine. The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethyl acetamide, tetrahydrofuran, and/or 1,4-dioxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The products formed in steps (ii)-(iv) can be used directly without any further purification Preferred Components: Step (i) in which: the concentration of ammonia is 30-40%; and the molar ratio of (I) to ammonia is 1:20-25. Step (ii)-(v) in which, the organic solvent is dichloromethane or toluene. The step (ii) and (v) is carried out under alkaline conditions includes sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. The molar ratio of (III) to (IV) is 1:1.1-1.5. The molar ratio of (V) to organic solvent is 1:1.8-3. The molar ratio of (VII) to cyclohexyl carbonyl chloride is 1:1-1.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst at least partially comprises hexagonal boron nitride. The heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst comprises hexagonal boron nitride, substantially free of metals, having a catalytically active defect on a face surface. Preferred Components: The Lewis acid moieties are selected from Group 13 elements in a trigonal planar configuration, halides of Group 15 elements and/or electron poor pi -systems; simple anions, lone-pair- containing species, complex anions and/or electron rich pi -systems; or Group 13 elements in a trigonal planar configuration, halides of Group 15 elements and/or electron poor pi -systems (preferably Group 13 element in a trigonal planar configuration). The Lewis base moieties are selected from simple anions, lone-pair containing species, complex anions and/or electron rich pi -systems (preferably lone-pair containing species). The catalytically active defect is selected from Stone-Wales defects, B/N defects, boron substituted nitrogen, nitrogen substituted for boron, carbon substituted for nitrogen, carbon substituted for boron, boron vacancy and/or nitrogen vacancy (preferably Stone-Wales defects, boron substituted nitrogen, boron vacancy and/or nitrogen vacancy). The alkali metal element is lithium. Preferred Method: The mechanical process is selected from grinding and/or sonochemical processing (preferably grinding).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogenatable compound is a compound having functional groups selected from alkene, alkyne, aldehyde, ketone, ester, imine, amide, nitrile and/or nitro. The hydrogenatable compound is selected from alkenes and/or alkynes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - At least one reactant comprises CO2 obtained as a product of the fuel cell reaction. At least one reactant comprises steam obtained as a product of the fuel cell reaction. The thermally conductive surface is incorporated into one of a U-shaped, M-shaped, serpentine-shaped, and rectangular-shaped housing. The feedstock fuel comprises at least one of a hydrogen and carbon. The oxidant comprises at least one of steam, oxygen, and an oxygen-containing compound. The oxidant is provided in sub-stoichiometric amounts to partially oxidize the feedstock fuel. The preheated mixture of reactants is provided as a vapor. The plasma zone uses a gliding electric arc to ionize the reactants. The reaction zone comprises a reaction bed to at least one of homogenize the reactants by mixing, and homogenize the reactants by chemical buffering. The reaction zone comprises a reaction bed containing catalysts to promote equilibration of reactive species at temperatures lower than the temperature of reformation. The external heat source is one of a solid-oxide fuel cell, a molten-carbonate fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, and a Fischer-Tropsch process. The reformer and external heat source are disposed within an insulated enclosure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Conditions: Sewage pH is 6.5-8.5 in regulating tank and sewage staying time is 12-24 hours in regulating tank. Preferred Composition: Hydrogen peroxide (0.1-0.4mg/l), ferrous sulfate (50-200 mg/l) and polyacrylamide (2 mg/l) are utilized in sewage treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Drying is carried out in 4 stages with sequential drying times of 120 seconds or 180 seconds, 90 seconds or 120 seconds, 90 seconds and 60 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The heating temperature of the support is controlled and the temperature of the support is fluctuated. The temperature controlling process involves maintaining temperature of the support higher than the atmospheric temperature, and decreasing the temperature difference between the temperature of the support and atmospheric temperature by reducing the temperature of support to temperature (T1) and heating to temperature (T2) lower than the precipitation temperature of the metal catalyst. The temperature controlling process is repeated until the supercritical state of the supercritical fluid is released.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The secondary agitating unit is made in bolt shape and helically connected to the lower case to form a helical unit at side of the agitating unit, and randomly adjusted the penetrating depth of the secondary agitating unit with a adjusting nut. The helical unit is connected with the adjustment nut. The secondary agitating unit is longitudinally connected with the lower case at regular interval. The one side of the conveying screw is formed corresponding to the engagement position of the secondary agitation unit and an inserting groove does not allow interference of the secondary agitation unit at rotating place of the conveying screw. The device comprises slope and round-shaped slant towards raw material transfer direction of the blade and forming a spiral shape blade at outer circumference of the conveying screw. The device further comprises a cutter coupled with the molded cover at end of the conveying screw, for cutting raw materials which is processed through the molded cover. The device comprises a multiple stirring pin coupled with the molded cover with lower outer peripheral of the conveying screw, for mixing and crushing raw material. The device comprises a stirring blade coupled to the upper hopper with upper side of the conveying screw for supplying the raw material towards lower hopper for mixing and crushing process of raw material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali is sodium hydroxide. Hydrogenation catalyst is red aluminum. Inorganic alkali is potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Organic amine is pyridine, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, triethylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine, or 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Crown ether is 15-crown-5 or 18-crown-6. Molar ratio organic amine:crown ether is 2-5:1. Organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide.Preferred Conditions: Hydrogen gas pressure is 0.5-1 MPa.Preferred Processes: Sulfonium salt is obtained by reacting dimethyl sulfide, sulfuric acid, and methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel further comprises silicon compounds. Preferred Components: The amount of magnesium lime is 1-8 wt.%, preferably 2-4 wt.%, based on the dry weight of the total mixture. The energy carrier material includes crushed and chemically untreated wood, preferably wood chips, green waste, preferably dried and ground green waste, and wine marc. The energy carrier material mixed with magnesium lime is pressed into pellets. The amount of admixed ground magnesium lime in the total mixture depends on the total amount of impurities contained in the energy carrier material. The magnesium lime has an average particle size with a diameter of 10-500 mu m, preferably 50-150 mu m. Preferred Method: The ground magnesium lime is homogenously mixed with the dried organic energy carrier material before supplying into the wood combustion plant in a predetermined ratio. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The preparation of strain comprises isolating more than 30 pure strains from enrichment culture, carrying out taxonomic identification of strains, identifying 16S rDNA (16S rRNA coding) based on nucleotide sequences by molecular phylogenetic method, analyzing 16S rDNA sequence, extracting DNA and amplifying using universal primers 5'-gagtttgatcctggctcag-3' (SEQ ID NO: 11) and 5'-acggttaccttgttacgactt-3' (SEQ ID NO: 12) via PCR, carrying out sequencing of nucleotide sequence by CLUSTAL W and PHYLIP program, isolating Enterococcus, Clostridium and Blautia genus strains. Preferred Components: The Rhodophyta is dried and pulverized. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Apparatus: The hydrodesulfurization device has hydrodesulfurization flow path which flows the source gas in its inside. The cooler has cooling flow path. The inlet port of the cooling flow path is provided rather than middle point of the hydrodesulfurization flow path.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: The shuttle vector is prepared by standard recombinant methods. Preferred Vector: The amplification cell of shuttle vector is Escherichia coli Preferred Marker: The selectable marker has antibiotic resistance, preferably apramycin resistance. Preferred Sequence: The heterologous coding sequence comprises pyrimidine biosynthetic (pyr) F gene operably linked to a regulatory sequence, and coding region from a species different than Caldicellulosiruptor spp.. The heterologous coding sequence encodes a polypeptide involved in plant biomass deconstruction, polypeptide involved in biosynthesis of a biofuel, or polypeptide involved in biosynthesis of a bioproduct. Preferred Cell: The Caldicellulosiruptor spp. is C.bescii. The cell is Caldicellulosiruptor spp., preferably C.bescii or E.coli. Preferred Component: The feed stock comprises lignocellulosic biomass comprising switchgrass. EXAMPLE - DNA fragment containing carbohydrate binding domain (CBM) and linker region derived from ce1A (Cbes1867) were inserted into pDCW89, then DNA fragment was amplified by PCR using DC397 and DC398 as primers and total DNA isolated from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii as template. The backbone DNA fragment was amplified by PCR using DC365 and DC399 primers and pDCW89 as template, where DC397 and DC365 primers were engineered to contain a BamH1 site at the end, and DC398 and DC399 primers were engineered to contain Sph1 site at the end. The two linear DNA fragments were digested with BamH1 and Sph1 and ligated to obtain recombinant pDCW129 vector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (b) comprises pyrolyzing or cracking the alkenones. In the method: the alkenones are converted into hydrocarbons by catalytic hydroprocessing; and the growth condition includes a stationary growth phase, a high temperature, sufficient light and nutrient limitation. Preferred Components: The alkenone-producing alga is a species of Isochrysis family comprising Isochrysis galbana, Isochrysis sp. T-Iso strain, or Isochrysis sp. C-Iso strain. The alkenones comprise 35-40C. The alkenone derivatives comprise acrylic acids, acrylic esters, alkenes, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, diacids, diamines, diols, lactic acid or hydrocarbons. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pretreated biomass is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of the supported hydrogenolysis catalyst. Preferred Components: The group 4 metal oxide support is a stabilized form that is zirconia or titania. The metal loading per unit volume of the catalyst comprising the outer 30% of the catalyst volume, is more than 25% greater than the metal loading averaged over the entire catalyst volume and mass. At least a portion of the digestive solvent is comprised of the oxygenated hydrocarbons from the product solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The lignocellulosic biomass solids are heated to a temperature of 180 degrees C to less than 300 degrees C. The biomass solids are contacted with the digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises providing the lignocellulosic biomass solids, contacting the biomass solids with the digestive solvent to form a pretreated biomass containing soluble carbohydrates and contacting the pretreated biomass with hydrogen at 180-300 degrees C in the presence of the supported hydrogenolysis catalyst. Preferred Components: The catalyst retains aqueous phase stability of at least 60%, preferably at least 80% and crush strength of at least 0.25 kg, preferably at least 0.4 kg after being subjected to an aqueous phase stability test. The alumina support has specific surface area of 1-30 m2/g, preferably 5-10 m2/g. At least a portion of the digestive solvent comprises oxygenated hydrocarbons from the product solution. The alumina support comprises at least 95% of alpha -alumina. The hydrogenolysis catalyst further comprises phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ammonia is provided to the reaction mixture; and generated external to the reaction mixture. The source of ammonia is provided by addition of strong base (preferably KOH or NaOH) to an ammonium salt (preferably ammonium sulfate) of strong acid. A first portion of the oxygenated hydrocarbons are recycled to form in part the digestive solvent. The ammonia is recycled with the first portion of the oxygenated hydrocarbons; or recycled separately as an ammonia stream to the reaction mixture or pretreated biomass. The sulfur content of the catalyst is 0.1-40 wt.% based on components (b) and (c) as metal oxide form. The Co and/or Ni content of the catalyst is 0.5-20 wt.% based on components (b) and (c) as metal oxide form. Preferred Composition: The composition additionally comprises digestive organic solvent, and phosphorus. Preferred Components: The source of ammonia is selected from ammonium carbonate, ammonium propionate, ammonium glycolate, ammonium levulinate, ammonium acetate, ammonium formate, ammonium butyrate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate. The source of ammonia is an ammonium salt. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises performing sterilization of fractionated lignocellulosic or amylaceous biomass. Ammonium salt composition (1-10 wt.%) is preferably added during fermentation using amylolytic microorganisms. The lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses are degraded by microorganisms including Phanerochaete ssp., Gloeophylum ssp., Phellinus ssp., Coriolopsis ssp., Clostrodium ssp., Arm Maria ssp., Chaetomium ssp., Serpulaceae ssp., Fibroporia ssp., Coniophora ssp., Aspergillus ssp. or Trichoderma ssp. The amylolytic microorganism is preferably Bacillus spp.. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The semi-carbonizing temperature is 150-350 degrees C, preferably 240-260 degrees C. The method comprises semi-carbonizing the semi-carbonized biomass fuel at 200-240 degrees C, and then discharging. The semi-carbonizing process is performed in presence of oxygen or air under blocked state. The pulverization process is carried out in a tube mill, which includes a rotary drum type mill, which is horizontally installed, and the semi-carbonized biomass is pulverizes inside the mill. The method comprises cooling the semi-carbonized biomass fuel at 25-30 degrees C before processing the pulverization step. Preferred Components: The biomass raw material is wood-based biomass comprising 30-40 wt.% cellulose, 20-30 wt.% hemicellulose, 25-35 wt.% lignin, 2-10 wt.% water, and other residues, preferably herbaceous biomass raw material comprising 20-40 wt.% cellulose, 25-35 wt.% hemicellulose, 10-35 wt.% lignin, 5-25 wt.% water, and other residues. The particle size of the biomass raw material is 0.075-250 mm. The wood-based biomass raw material is sawdust, wood chips, pulp chips, waste wood or forest by-products. The semi-carbonized biomass fuel comprises 40-52 wt.% cellulose, 3-19 wt.% hemicellulose, 33-43 wt.% lignin, 1-2 wt.% water, and other residues (balance amount). The semi-carbonized biomass pulverized fuel has particulate shape. The particle size of the biomass pulverized fuel is less than 0.15 mm, preferably 2 mm, and the particle size distribution is more than 70%, preferably 100%. EXAMPLE - Saw dust raw material comprising 28 wt.% cellulose, 26 wt.% hemicellulose, 23 wt.% lignin, 3 wt.% other residues, and 20 wt.% water was semi-carbonized at 230 degrees C, 240 degrees C, 250 degrees C, 260 degrees C, and 270 degrees C temperatures respectively, and then dried for 30 minutes to obtain the semi-carbonized biomass pulverized fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of converting in step (b) involves saccharification of the material. Producing renewable material further involves fermentation of the second renewable material formed in step (b). Fermentation and saccharification occur simultaneously. Converting in step (a) involves fermentation. Fermentation of step (a) is performed by a microorganism. Hydrolysis involves the step of contacting the feedstock with an acid. The hemicellulose-derived material is detoxified prior to converting in step (a). The first mixture reduces the viscosity of the second mixture. Step (a) and step (b) occur in the same vessel. Preferred Components: The first and second renewable materials are the same. The first and second renewable materials are selected from alcohols and organic acids, where the alcohol is selected from ethanol and butanol. The microorganism is the same. The hemicellulose-derived material and the material comprising cellulose and lignin are obtained from hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic feedstock. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step of processing involves pressing the feedstock to form the first juice. The process involves: step i) and where at least part of the first juice used for the washing is combined with first liquid, where at least part of the saccharifying in step e) and at least part of the fermentation in step f) occur simultaneously. The additional step is i) and all or substantially all of the first juice is used in washing second solids, where the washing is carried out in the separation apparatuses. The step e) is subsequent to step d). The process, optionally involves: vi) processing the feedstock with at least part of the first fermentation mixture; and vii) hydrolyzing at least part of the first solids with at least part of the first fermentation mixture. The process involves step ii) where the first fermentation mixture is added to the solids portion as the solids portion exits the separation apparatus and where the first fermentation mixture reduces the viscosity of the solids portion. The process involves step iii) where the first fermentation mixture reduces the viscosity of the solids portion. The additional step is iii), where all or substantially all of the first fermentation mixture is combined with the solids portion comprising cellulose. The step of saccharifying in step e) and at least part of the fermentation in step f) occur simultaneously. The step of saccharifying is in the presence of at least part of the first fermentation mixture, where step e) is subsequent to step d). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): Producing the polypeptide involves cultivating a cell, which in its wild-type form produces the polypeptide, under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; or cultivating the recombinant host cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide; or cultivating the transgenic plant or plant cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide. Preferred Components: The polypeptide comprises (SEQ ID NO: 2), (SEQ ID NO: 4), the mature polypeptide of (SEQ ID NO: 2), or the mature polypeptide of (SEQ ID NO: 4). The isolated polynucleotide encoding a signal peptide comprising amino acids 1-21 of (SEQ ID NO: 2) or amino acids 1-23 of (SEQ ID NO: 4). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon source is silica solution, active silica, n-silicate ester and/or metakaolin. The aluminum source is aluminum salts, activated aluminum oxide, alkoxy aluminum and/or metakaolin. The phosphorus source is orthophosphoric acid, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, organophosphorus compounds and/or phosphorus oxide. The compound containing choline cation is choline inorganic salt and/or choline organic salt, preferably chloride, phosphorylcholine, tricholine citrate and/or hydroxide choline. Preferred Property: The molecular sieve has diffraction peak at 2 degrees , 9.4445 degrees , 15.942 degrees , 17.7583 degrees , 22.9708 degrees and 29.428 degrees , in x-ray diffraction pattern. Preferred Process: The crystallization process is performed under static or dynamic condition at 400-700 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkylol amine is N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N,N-diethyl ethylene diamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, tri-isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine and/or diglycolamine. The preferable mol% ratio of compound containing choline cation and aluminum oxide, and alkylol amine and aluminum oxide is 0.42-2 and 6-15, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon source is silica solution, active silica, n-silicate ester and/or metakaolin. The aluminum source is aluminum salts, activated aluminum oxide, alkoxy aluminum and/or metakaolin. The phosphorus source is orthophosphoric acid, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, organophosphorus compounds and/or phosphorus oxide. Preferred Property: The molecular sieve has diffraction peak at 2 degrees , 9.4445 degrees , 15.942 degrees , 17.7583 degrees , 22.9708 degrees and 29.428 degrees , in x-ray diffraction pattern. Preferred Process: The crystallization process is performed under static or dynamic condition at 400-700 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The preferable mol% ratio of diglycolamine and aluminum oxide is 5.5-16.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The micro-organisms are selected from Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bifidobacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Streptomyces sp. and/or Corynebacterium sp..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises recovering the degraded cellulosic material. The steps (a) and (b) are performed simultaneously in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The cellulosic material is pretreated before saccharification. The fermenting of the cellulosic material produces a fermentation product. The process of fermenting a cellulosic material, further comprises recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation. Preferred Components: The GH61 polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4, or SEQ ID NO: 6 or their mature polypeptide. The cellulosic material is pretreated. The enzyme composition comprises one or more enzymes comprising a cellulase, a hemicellulase, an esterase, an expansin, a laccase, a ligninolytic enzyme, a pectinase, a catalase, a peroxidase, a protease, or a swollenin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: In processing the bedding of poultry farm, the pyrolysis is produced with atmospheric pressure. The moist feedstock is granulated to granular size of 5-6 mm in diameter and 20-35 mm in length. The liquid fuel is in the form of bio residual oil produced from steam gases of the pyrolysis by fractional condensation. Fractional condensation detarred steam gases are supplied for burning to define gas heat-transfer agent of pyrolysis and drying of processed feedstock. The tempered residue of granules are cooled to temperature of 150-200 degrees C and is selected as a solid carbonic-mineral product. Preferred Device: In the device, the unit for selection of liquid biofuel includes condenser-refrigerator, centrifugal resin-separator and drop-catcher of liquid biofuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microalgae is Chlorella, Spirulina, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Dunaliella salina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes extraction solvent comprising methylene dichloride, chloroform, benzene, dichloroethane, isopropanol, ethyl acetate or diethyl ether, preferably dichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes a catalyst comprising nickel and/or cobalt oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The biogas slurry contains biogas fermentation liquid livestock faeces with pH of 6.5-8.0, 73-79% ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content at weight ratio of 0.1-0.3:0.05-0.2:0.1-0.3. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Ratio hydrogen gas-carbon dioxide mixture/carbon monoxide-carbon dioxide mixture is 3.05-3.3. Stream 1 has 60-100% carbon dioxide, 0-40% hydrogen gas and 0-10% carbon monoxide. Volume ratio of stream 1 to low temperature methanation reactor stream is not less than 0-02. Volume ratio of stream V to stream V' is 1.1-2. Volume ratio of hydrogen gas in natural gas is less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% and carbon dioxide is less than or equal to 3%, preferably less than or equal to 2%. Preferred Conditions: Inlet temperature of each reactor stage of low temperature methanation unit is 200-300 degrees C, preferably 240-280 degrees C. Outlet temperature of each reactor stage of low temperature methanation unit is 300-500 degrees C, preferably 350-450 degrees C. Pressure of each reactor stage of low temperature methanation unit is 3-5.5 MPa, preferably 3.5-5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of hydrogen gas-carbon dioxide mixture to carbon dioxide-carbon monoxide mixture is not less than 3, preferably 3.05-3.3. Volume ratio of synthesis gas entering in primary reactor inlet W1 to total amount of synthesis gas in all stages Wn is 1:(1-2). Volume ratio Vn:Vn' is 1.1-2 and volume ratio Vn:W1 is 1-4. Volume ratio of reactor outlet stream Vn-1 to Wn is 1.5-3.5. Raw gas stream contains 40-100%, preferably 60-100% carbon dioxide, 0-60%, preferably 10-40% hydrogen gas, and 0-20%, preferably 0-10% carbon monoxide. Volume ratio of raw gas stream to gas entering low temperature methanation unit is not less than 0-0.5, preferably 0-0.2. Preferred Conditions: Inlet temperature of each reactor of high temperature methanation unit is 250-400 degrees C, preferably 300-350 degrees C. Pressure of high temperature methanation unit is 3-5.5 MPa, preferably 3.5-5 MPa. Outlet temperature of high temperature methanation unit is 600-700 degrees C, preferably 620-680 degrees C. Inlet temperature of low temperature methanation unit is 200-300, preferably 240-280 degrees C. Pressure of low temperature methanation unit is 3-5.5 Mpa, preferably 3.5-5 MPa. Outlet temperature of low temperature of low methanation unit is 300-500 degrees C, preferably 350-450 degrees C. Pressure and temperature of Vn' are 3.5-5.5 MPa and 20-150 degrees C, respectively. Preferred Parameters: Value of n is 2-6 and value of m is 2-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particulate-form neutron absorber is obtained using stock solution comprising particulate-form neutron absorber, water and thickener in a mass ratio of 5:120:1-5:5:1, and ketone. The particulate-form neutron absorber-containing slurry which contains viscous-flow agent, particulate-form neutron absorber and water in a mass ratio of 1:1:30-6:1:15. Preferred Properties: When the particulate-form neutron absorber is the particles of gadolinia, the particulate-form neutron absorber has average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mm and density of 6.5-7.4g/cm3. When the particulate-form neutron absorber is particles comprising boron and/or its compound, the particulate-form neutron absorber has average particle diameter of 0.1-3 mm and density of 1.7-3.5 g/cm3. Preferred Process: Debris containing a fissionable substance is coated using particulate-form neutron absorber-containing slurry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is copper powder, cuprous chloride or copper oxide. The inorganic strong acid is sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ether solvent is n-butyl, butyl acetyl ether or n-propyl ether. The polymerization inhibitor is hydroquinone or benzoquinone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The casing includes an upper casing, which is provided with an inlet hole to discharge fermented livestock excrement and the upper casing ensures primary stirring and fermentation and is rotatably coupled to the inner side of the impeller; and a lower casing provided with an injection hole to inject the primarily stirred and fermented livestock excrement to a molding unit and built-in the fermentation screw to ensure secondary stirring and fermentation of the livestock excrement inflowing through the inlet hole and is provided on the lower portion of the upper casing. The blades of the impeller are made of spiral arrays each spaced apart at regular intervals from an impeller shaft, which is eight in number and with 45 degrees angle. The shaft outer peripheral surface of the impeller and the fermentation screw are provided with an air injection hole to ensure aerobic fermentation by supplying air. The molding machine is provided with a communication hole to communicate with the injection hole formed in the casing, a transferring unit built-in the conveying screw inside. The molding unit is provided with an extrusion unit, which is formed with gradually narrowing shape from the one end to the other end and is connected to the transferring unit to extrusion mold the livestock excrement and is provided on the end portion of the transferring unit. The molding unit molds the livestock excrement to a diameter of 50 mm with a predetermined shape and is provided on the end portion of the extrusion unit. The cutting device cut the livestock excrement to a length of 50-70 mm and is provided with a drying device to dry the livestock excrement. The supplying hopper is provided with an injection nozzle means to inject compressed air at high pressure in regular intervals to prevent the pressure dropping phenomenon of the stirring impeller and is adhered to the wall of the casing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The modified zeolite is prepared by adding 30 g of zeolite and then mixing with 500 ml of water and 1 mole/l of sodium chloride in a water bath, washing, stirring at speed of 120 revolutions per minute for 24 hours and drying 105 degrees C for 2 hours. The biochar is prepared by weighing 50 g of plant sample into a corundum tube and then carbonizing using limited oxygen temperature carbonization method, and placing the carbonized mixture in a vacuum furnace and then boiling for 1 hours and cooling to room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The substrate in nutrient medium containing solid cellulose-containing wastes for culturing microorganism is from agriculture and oil-and-fat industry in an amount of 20-30% with respect to the mass of nutrient medium. The method involves removing the aqueous medium phase-liquid paraffin from nutrient medium which can be repeatedly used, after microbial conversion of the cellulose-containing substrate into fodder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: After composting, the compost comprises 10 wt.% microbial inclusion and 90 wt.% composed by-product of vegetable oil meal. The granulating or pulverizing process is performed using granulating or pulverizing device. The method further involves mixing the granules or powder with soluble potassium, soluble phosphorus and soluble nitrogen. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The lactic acid fermentation is initiated by inoculum comprising lactic acid bacteria chosen from Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus curvatus or Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus kefiri, Leuconostoc citreum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and their combinations. Preferred Composition: The evaporable agents comprise ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Organisms: The microorganism comprises Clostridia class bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves recovering the bulking agent, and/or the primary solvent; and contacting the sugar mixture solution with a microorganism under conditions sufficient to produce a fermentation product. In the method, the amount of lignin in the sugar solution is less than or equal to 20% of the original lignin in the biomass feedstock. The pH of the acidic solution is 0-6.5. The acidic solution further comprises at least one sugar yield enhancing reagent, where the presence of the sugar yield enhancing agent increases the yield of sugar by at least 10% compared to the same solution in the absence of the sugar yield enhancing reagent. The solution extract further comprises the bulking agent that is produced from the solid biomass feedstock. The initial inlet temperature of the acidic solution is at least 160 degrees C. The extraction apparatus comprises several counter current sections. The pressure drop across each counter current section of the extraction apparatus is not greater than 300 psi. The median residence time of the solid biomass feedstock in the counter current extraction apparatus is less than or equal to one hour. Preferred Components: The sugar solution comprises a mixture of sugars. The sugar yield enhancing agent comprises acetone, acetic acid, and/or maleic acid. The primary solvent is water. The bulking solvent comprises supercritical carbon dioxide, a carboxylic acid, an alkyl alcohol, and/or a ketone. The ketone comprises acetone. The fermentation product comprises carbon dioxide, an organic acid, a ketone, and/or an alkyl alcohol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method produces the biomass slurry comprising the NVPO, the polymer flocculant and the coagulant. In the method, at least 90% of the NVPO in the aqueous culture is harvested through the method. The method achieves a harvest volume of less than 30% of the volume of the aqueous solution. Preferred Components: The aqueous culture comprises brackish water having a TDS of 1500-35000 mg/l, 5000-35000 mg/l, and 15000-35000 mg/l. The NVPO in the harvested biomass slurry is present at a concentration of at least 0.2%. The floes of the NVPO have an average diameter of at least 0.05 mm (preferably at least 60 mm). The NVPO includes Chlamydomonas, Nannochloropsis, Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus, Tetraselmis and Arthrospira. The aqueous culture comprises: an anionic coagulant and/or a cationic coagulant; and an anionic polymer and/or a cationic polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer flocculant and the coagulant have: a concentration of at most 1 ppm; a stock concentration of 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%; and no significant impacts on the group consisting of growth of the NVPO, pH of the aqueous culture, nitrate level of the aqueous culture, and phosphate level of the aqueous culture. The polymer flocculant comprises the anionic polymer and/or the cationic polymer. The polymer flocculant has a molecular weight of at least 0.5 MDa. The polymer flocculant is copolymer of acrylamide with cationic acrylic acid derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The electrochemical reduction reaction is promoted by cathodic polarization of the membrane surface at a potential of -0.9 to -1.5 V relative to a standard saturated calomel electrode. The temperature of the aqueous solution is 20-800 degrees C, preferably 20-100 degrees C. The pressure of the liquid electrolyte solution is maintained at a pressure higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the electrolyte. The hydrogen is generated at a pressure of 1-2000 bar, preferably 10-500 bar. Preferred Components: The hydrogen promoter in the metallic membrane is hydrogen sulfide, hydroarsenic acid, phosphine or thiocyanic acid. The protic liquid solution is deaerated aqueous solution, preferably with acid pH of 0-6, preferably 2-4. The metallic membrane is made of steel having resistant to embrittlement by hydrogen or other hydrogen-permeable metallic material, such as iron, palladium, niobium, thallium, alloys or at least two of the mixture of elements. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The soft tanks are made from composite elastomers with polyurethane or polyvinylchloride double-sided coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The cooling fluid or heating fluid is formed of a cooling or heating fluid. The fluid is light-reflective and/or light-refractive, and the passage of at least one light of specific wavelength leads to obstruction of light elements, and the influencing channel is arranged with respect to the incidence of light in front of the nutrient channel. The composition of the fluid and/or its flow velocity and/or the amount of light elements entrained and/or the type of light elements entrained and/or the composition of different types of optical elements are changed. At least one, preferably all nutrient channels are associated with each influencing channel. At least one nutrient-channel is associated with a metering device for addition of carbon dioxide in the nutrient solution. The metering device which is associated with the nutrient channel communicates with the influencing channel. The bioreactor element possesses at least one holding member (7) between its ends, preferably in the upper area for connection to a supporting element supporting the bioreactor element. The bioreactor element has a length of more than 25 m, preferably more than 100 m. The plastic material is a thermoplastic, preferably polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate or PVC. The wall is preferably on the outside and at least partially coated or glued. An optical prism is arranged in front of the wall or nutrient-channel or influencing channel with respect to the incidence of light.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Extraction is done at 60 degrees C with pressure of 25 MPa and carbon dioxide flow rate of 2 mL/g crude drug.minute for 200 minutes. Microwave extraction is done at 700 W for 8 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction entrainer solvent is 5 vol.%. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal phase carrier-supported catalyst comprises 1-15 %mass active component metal oxide and 1-15 %mass metal oxide additive, and remainder of metal phase carrier. The metal phase carrier comprises metallic nickel, metallic copper, metallic iron or metallic iron-nickel alloy. The metal phase carrier comprises monolithic three-dimensional porous structure containing metal fiber. The metal phase carrier comprises 5-40 vol.% metal frame, and remainder of porosity. The metal oxide active component is oxide of nickel and/or iron. The metal oxide additive comprises oxide of aluminum, cerium, lanthanum, manganese, tungsten, magnesium, calcium, sodium and/or potassium. The mass ratio of aluminum and metal phase carrier is 0.5-10:100. Preferred Properties: The metal phase carrier has diameter of 4-150 microns and length of 2-10 mm. The grain diameter of aluminum powder is 1-10 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by reacting sulfur-containing compound of formula (II) and phosphorus-containing compound of formula (III) in anhydrous methanol by heating and refluxing to obtain ruthenium-containing compound of formula (IV); and taking compound (IV) in low hydrolysis effect of iodotrimethylsilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The straw is rice, corn and/or canola. The brown sugar is sucrose or sugar beet extract.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterium is fermented black Rhizopus, Mucor racemosa, Neurospora, Trichoderma, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Actinomycetes, white Actinomycetes, Fusarium, Alternaria and Hansenula, plants yeast, selenium-enriched yeast and/or Geotrichum. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The straw is rice, corn and/or canola. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermentation enzyme agent comprises 60 pts. wt. yeast extract, 20 pts. wt. enzyme preparation, and 20 pts. wt. inorganic salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fertilizer may comprise 810 pts. wt. agricultural waste, 15 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 5 pts. wt. potassium mineral powder, 5 pts. wt. fermenting enzyme, 50 pts. wt. ore powder, 100 pts. wt. boron soil powder, 10 pts. wt. humic acid, and 5 pts. wt. fungus. The agricultural waste is crop straw, weeds, leaves , rice straw, , peanut shell, sawdust, rice husk powder, bran, fruit slag, edible fungi slag, lees, beer, starch, soy sauce, monosodium glutamate residue, pulp, soybean curd residue, slag, cake, rice bran oil, bran, mildew feed, or sludge. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer comprises 40% manure, 20% composting plant stalks, 20% mushroom fungus waste slag, 10% monoammonium phosphate, and 10% potassium chloride. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium inorganic fertilizer comprises 4-8 pts. wt. nitrogen, 2-4 pts. wt. phosphorus pentoxide, and 12-18 pts. wt. potassium oxide. Trace elements comprise 2-4 pts. wt. calcium carbonate, 1-2 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, and 1-2 pts. wt. borax. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, chloroform, methylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride or diethyl ether. Reducing agent is selected fro lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride. Hydrogenation reaction is performed using palladium or raney nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: Degradable starch is prepared by heating (in pts.wt.): corn starch (20-28), alpha amylase (0.01-0.03) and purified water (70-80) with continuous stirring at 90-95 degrees C for 2.5-3 hours, and then obtained product is cooled at 40-45 degrees C to obtain degradable starch. The obtained product is mixed with (in pts.wt.): N,N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (20-30), horseradish peroxidase (0.01-0.03) and hydrogen peroxide (0.045-0.050) at 40-45 degrees C for 4-6 hours to obtain product. Preferred Conditions: Thermal stability of alpha-amylase is 10000U.mg-1 and activity of horseradish peroxidase is 2900U.mg-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Nonionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene ether and polyhydric alcohol ester. Polyoxyethylene ether is Span 20 (RTM: Sorbitan laurate), Span 40 (RTM: Sorbitan monopalmitate), Span 60 (RTM: Sorbitan stearate), Span 65 (RTM: Sorbitan tristearate) or Span 80 (RTM: Sorbitan monooleate). Polyhydric alcohol ester is Tween 20 (RTM: Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate), Tween 40 (RTM: Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monopalmitate), Tween 60 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate), Tween 65 (RTM: Polyoxyethylenesorbitan tristearate) or Tween 80 (RTM: Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Acid catalyst is 0.1-20 mass% of inferior oil. Molar ratio inferior oil:alcohol substance is 1:3-24. Preferred Conditions: Mass space velocity of inferior oil is 0.05-2/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Heating and pressurizing temperature is 200-320 degrees C and pressure is 4-20 MPaG. Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio inferior oil:1st alcohol substance is 1:6-32. Amount of acid catalyst is 0.1-20 mass% of inferior oil. Preferred Parameters: Intermediate product has 0.05-2/hour mass space velocity in plate tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Active component of transition metal phosphide catalyst is nickel phosphide, cobalt phosphide, copper phosphide, or molybdenum phosphide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Waste oil is filtered by heating waste oil to 90 degrees C and performing hot-filtration to remove impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali liquid is selected from sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: Biofuel is prepared by crushing harvested grass and dried macroalgae to obtain slurry. The obtained slurry is added with anaerobic microbes. The slurry is added with water (80-90 wt.%) and then fermented for 2 days. The pH of the fermented liquid is greater than or equal to 6.5. The fermented mixture is added with dry matter and then kept 15 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The imidazoline derivative comprises hydroxyethyl imidazoline heptadecyl, heptadecenyl aminoethyl imidazole morpholine, and/or oleyl imidazoline. The dimer acid is selected from oleic acid and/or linoleic acid dimer. The polyaspartic acid is industrial grade product, preferably industrial grade benzoxazole benzotriazole. The organic amine is industrial grade hexadecylamine and/or octadecylamine. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is selected from N-methylpyrrole, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, and/or 2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-pyrrolidine. The dispersant is carbon alcohol, preferably isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and/or octanol. The metal ion deactivator is N,N'-disalicylidene-propanediamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Dried oilseed has moisture content of 6-12 wt.%. Oilseed peeling rate is 80-97%. Quenched seed oil has moisture content of 6.5-12.5 wt.%. Preferred Conditions: Quenching temperature is 30-75 degrees C. Deacidification temperature is 30-70 degrees C and adsorption time is 0.3-3 hours. Dehydration temperature is 25-70 degrees C and adsorption time is 0.3-3 hours. Preferred Process: Deacidification fixed bed filled with microcrystalline cellulose derivatives is prepared by passing n-hexane in fixed bed, circulating for 0.5-3 hours, passing anhydrous ethanol, circulating for 0.5-3 hours, passing compressed air for 0.5-5 hours, and adding food-grade alkaline microcrystalline cellulose derivatives. Dehydration fixed bed filled with anhydrous microcrystalline cellulose is prepared bypassing n-hexane in fixed bed, circulating for 0.5-3 hours, passing 95 wt.% ethanol, circulating for 0.5-3 hours, removing microcrystalline cellulose, drying, crushing, and filling before use.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Primary oil with 9-11.5 mg KOH/g acid value is prepared by pre-esterifying grease with less than or equal to 1% moisture content and 40-80 mg KOH/g acid value. Pre-esterification of grease is performed by reacting by catalysis grease to methanol and concentrated sulfuric acid, standing for 0.5-1 hour, separating methanol, water, and catalyst layer of falling liquid phase to obtain primary oil with 9-11.5 mg KOH/g acid value in which mass ratio grease:methanol is 6-10:1, catalyst is 0.5-2 mass% concentrated sulfuric acid, reaction temperature is 50-90 degrees C and time is 1-4 hours. Pretreated primary oil is added with 0.1-0.5 mass% sodium methoxide methanol solution and stirring for 10-60 minutes. Pretreating primary oil is processed by adding activated carclazyte which is 0.5-2 mass% of primary oil, heating to 50-80 degrees C, and stirring for 10-30 minutes. Preferred Compositions: Mass ratio methanol:primary oil is 6-10:1, amount of sodium methoxide methanol solution catalyst is 0.5-1 mass% of primary oil, and concentration of sodium methoxide methanol solution catalyst is 27.5-31%. Stabilizing agent is antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) which is 0.01-0.1 mass% of biodiesel primary product. Preferred Conditions: Transesterification temperature is 50-80 degrees C and time is 0.5-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of primary fertilizer, modified attapulgite clay and manure is 6-8:9-12:2-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The flocculant is polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The composite fertilizer may comprise 20 wt.% nitrogen, 12 wt.% phosphorus, 9 wt.% potassium, 9 wt.% chicken manure, 8 wt.% potassium nitrate, 15 wt.% humic acid, and balance ash. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer comprises 20 mass% granular manure, 20 mass% granular plant straw, 40 mass% ferrous sulfate, and 20 mass% monoammonium phosphate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: the catalyst used is regenerated by oxidative combustion in two step regeneration; the first step of regeneration is carried out at a temperature of 375-400 degrees C in the presence of 0.2-1.5% (V) oxygen; the second step of regeneration is carried out at 400-510 degrees C in the presence of 0.5-4% (V) oxygen; the reactor temperature used in step (c) is preferably of 360-500 degrees C; the weight hourly space velocity of the feed used in step (d) is preferably of 1-6/hour; the reactor pressure used is preferably of 2-15 kg/cm2; 40% of BTX range aromatics is obtained in 5-6C liquid product in a cycle length of 24 hours; the research octane number (RON) of straight light naphtha fraction is increased by 26 units in 5C+ liquid product; and the amounts of butane obtained is 22% in 24 hours of cycle length plant operation. Preferred Components: The acidic zeolite support used is pentasil group zeolite, mordenite or beta zeolite, preferably zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5) type zeolite. The group-III A metal is preferably gallium. The gallium containing catalyst used is incorporated into matrix material of synthetic or natural occurring substances comprising clay, silica or alumina. The relative proportion of ZSM-5 into matrix material on anhydrous basis is 30-70 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The container roof and/or the base of the gas storage chamber are sealed with a gas-tight film or a gas membrane. The film of the container roof of the gas storage chamber is radiation permeable and heat permeable. The base of the gas storage chamber drops to the center with an angle of 1-5% and is arranged at the base of a condensate drain. An additional container base is arranged below the container bottom. An additional heat-insulated outer shell is formed on the outer wall of the container, and an additional insulation is formed on the base of the gas storage chamber. At least one heat exchanger device is provided with a waste heat return line, a waste heat flow and the condensate drain. The container comprises many heat exchanger devices comprising a cold adsorption machine, a heat exchanger or a heat pump. The heat exchanger devices are arranged and connected such that cooling, dehumidification and optionally heating of biogas are carried out for the corresponding use. The container comprises heat storage, hot water storage and/or cold storage. The transfer device of the chambers is a pump, a passage or an overflow.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Media: The cell culture medium comprises serum and antibiotics. The cell culture medium comprises 1-50 pts. vol. microbubbles with respect to the 100 pts. vol. of the medium. The microbubbles comprises gas chosen from hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, xenon, argon, neon, air, ozone, krypton, helium, nitrogen-containing chemical substrate, carbon-containing chemical substrate, and their mixtures. Preferred Cell: The cell is chosen from cancer cell, osteoblast, tanycyte, fibroblast, cartilage cell, interstitial cell, nerve cell, muscular cell, stem cell, Lewis lung carcinoma, prostate cancer cells, stomach cancer cell, breast cancer cell, pancreatic cancer cell, colon cancer cell, and their mixtures. The blood serum is chosen from fetal bovine serum (FBS), and fetal calf serum (FCS).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Weight ratio abamectin:phenthoate is 1:28. Biogas slurry is livestock manure fermentation liquid with pH of 6.5-8 and ammonia nitrogen total nitrogen content of 73-79% in which weight ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (PA), and potassium oxide (K2O) is 0.1-0.3:0.05-0.2:0.1-0.3. Preferred Forms: Insecticidal composition is emulsion or powder. ADMINISTRATION - Administration is by spraying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water are from coal, and/or carbonaceous material. Volume ratio of synthesis gas entering in 1st stage of reactor W1 to synthesis gas in all stages Wn is 1:(0-2). Volume ratio Vn:Vn' is 1.1-2 and volume ratio Vn':W1 is 1-4. Molar ratio of hydrogen gas-3 mol carbon monoxide mixture to carbon dioxide is 3.3-4.2. Preferred Conditions: Inlet temperature of each reactor of high temperature methanation unit is 250-400 degrees C, preferably 300-350 degrees C. Pressure of high temperature methanation unit is 3-5.5 MPa, preferably 3.5-5 MPa. Outlet temperature of high temperature methanation unit is 600-700 degrees C, preferably 620-680 degrees C. Inlet temperature of low temperature methanation unit is 200-300, preferably 240-280 degrees C. Pressure of low temperature methanation unit is 3-5.5 MPa, preferably 3.5-5 MPa. Outlet temperature of low temperature of low methanation unit is 300-500 degrees C, preferably 350-450 degrees C. Pressure and temperature of Vn' are 3.5-5.5 MPa and 20-150 degrees C, respectively. Preferred Parameters: Value of n is 2-6 and value of m is 2-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of the fresh chicken manure and molasses alcohol waste liquid is 5:3. The concentration of the fermentation substrate is 40-45%. The moisture content of the fresh chicken manure is 94-97%. The water content of molasses alcohol is 90-95%. Preferred Components: The molasses alcohol waste liquid is cassava molasses alcohol waste liquid. The fermentation liquid is prepared by adding fresh chicken manure and molasses alcohol waste liquid into fermentation substrate, adding clean water, performing evaporation consumption to clean water, maintaining substrate concentration, and fermenting mixture. ACTIVITY - Nematocide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Mass ratio waste biomass:zinc chloride is 1:1-4. Amount of Fe3O4 is 5-10 mass%, preferably 6 mass% or 10 mass% of waste biomass. Mass ratio lauric acid:Fe3O4:sodium dodecyl sulfate is 1:1-4:1. Preferred Conditions: Impregnation time is 24-30 hours. Cracking heating rate is 5-10 degrees C/minute and heat-preserving time is 0.5-2 hours. Preferred Processes: Magnetization agent is prepared by adding Fe3O4 and lauric acid in water, heating to 60-100 degrees C in water bath under alkaline condition for 0.5-1 hour, adding acid to adjust pH to 4-5, collecting adsorbed Fe3O4 laurate, washing using water, adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and water, and heating at 50-70 degrees C in water bath for 0.5-3 hours to obtain treated Fe3O4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The vector is constructed using p3300-Tnos carrier. Preferred Sequence: The super promoter has a 1112 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. The Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene has a 459 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer comprises 300 pts. wt. of dry silkworm excrement, 15 pts. wt. of peanut powder, 30 pts. wt. of peanut shell powder, 1 pts. wt. of microbial agent, 6 pts. wt. of tea seed shell powder, 30 pts. wt. of Saccharum officinarum ash and 3 pts. wt. of lime powder. Preferred Components: The microbial agent is a mixture of nitrogen fixing bacteria (other strain name), Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma species. The Saccharum officinarum ash includes sugarcane bagasse ash, sugarcane stem ash, sugarcane root ash and sugar cane sludge powder ash. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biological enzyme modifier is lipase derived from fungus i.e. Aspergillus niger. The alkyl nitrate modifier is 2-nitromethane, ethyl nitrate, butyl nitrate and/or pentyl nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The mixed microbial agent contains methane bacteria, cellulose decomposition bacteria, yeast bacteria, lactic acid bacteria or photosynthetic bacteria. The hydrolase accelerator comprises 54-70 pts. wt. of glucoamylase, 20-31.5 pts. wt. of amylase, 5-13 pts. wt. of amylase and 1-5 pts. wt. of protease. The sludge inoculum is obtained by mixing plants and livestock manure sludge according to the ratio of 10:1 and then sealing in a barrel at 26-28 degrees C, acclimating and domestication for 8 days. The manure is chicken, pig or sheep manure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of biocatalyst comprises mixing mixed microbial agent, hydrolase accelerator and mineral nutrients accelerator at room temperature. Preferred Method: The method comprises pulverizing the microcrystalline rock phosphate, microcrystalline zeolite powder or microcrystalline calcium carbonate using different grinding devices and then adding activating agent to obtain a mixture having 400 meshes, adding phosphorus pentoxide with the mixture and then packaging. Preferred Components: The mineral nutrient accelerator comprises 5-100 pts. wt. of microcrystalline phosphorus ore powder, 0-3 pts. wt. of microcrystalline zeolite powder, 0-70 pts. wt. of microcrystalline calcium carbonate powder, 0-9 pts. wt. of urea, 0-15 pts. wt. of phosphate, 0-300 pts. wt. of bentonite and 0-5.5 pts. wt. of activated carbon. The zeolite or calcium carbonate is present in an amount of 96-98 %. The phosphate is diammonium phosphate or monopotassium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The activating agent is present in an amount of 2-4%, and is triethanolamine, polyacrylamide or glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In step (1), the straw pulp solution is obtained by alkali pretreatment of rice or paper straw pulp from mills and then drying and crushing, and the hydrolysis reaction is carried out for 2 hours. Preferred Components: The straw pulp contains 709.8 g/Kg of cellulose, 140.6 g/Kg of hemicellulose, 85.9 g/kg of lignin, 74.3 g/Kg of water, 131.5 g/Kg of ash and 34.7 g/Kg of extract. The diluted sulfuric acid solution has concentration of 0.9-2.9%, preferably 2.4%, and is present in an amount of 10-30 ml, preferably 20 ml. The enzyme is cellulase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (3) comprises adding acidolysis and enzymolysis solution with 0.53 g of ammonium sulfate, 2.5 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 g of hydrated magnesium sulfate and 3 g of yeast extract.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The biogas slurry comprises nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide in weight ratio of 0.1-0.3:0.05-0.2:0.1-0.3, and has pH of 6.5-8. The slurry comprises 73-79% ammonia nitrogen with respect to total nitrogen content. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The precipitation agent is chosen from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide and francium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The cathode is copper or mercury. The anode is chosen from platinum, stainless steel, gold and silver. The content of sodium hydroxide is 100-300 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. potassium hydroxide. The content of precipitation agent is 0.1-0.6 mol with respect to 1 L electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Cell: The host cell is a bacterial cell or a fungal cell. Preferred Components: The cellulases are selected from at least one beta -glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase and endoglucanase. The hemicellulases are selected from at least one other beta -mannanase, xylanase, beta -xylosidase, and L-arabinofuranosidase. The lignocellulosic biomass substrate comprises up to 20 wt.% (preferably up to 15 wt.%, especially up to 10 wt.%) of galactoglucomannan and/or glucomannan.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Recombinant Method (disclosed): The polypeptide (A1) is prepared by standard recombinant method. Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 70% (preferably 75%, especially 80%) identical to (SEQ ID NO: 2), or (SEQ ID NO: 3). In the nucleic acid, the polypeptide further comprises a signal peptide sequence. The signal peptide sequence is selected from any one of (SEQ ID NOs: 10-38), not given in the specification. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (a) includes increasing the chemical reactivity of the lignocellulosic residue, reducing the content of hydrophilic components of the lignocellulosic residue, reducing the ash content of the lignocellulosic residue, and increasing its BTU content per unit weight.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The organic product is separated from the culture. Preferred Components: The glycolytic intermediate is pyruvate, the organic product is ethanol and the nucleic acid molecule is a cytosine-adenine-guanine/cytosine-adenine-adenine repeat that encodes a polyglutamine protein. The nucleic acid molecule comprised in the cell/bacterium is integrated into its genome, preferably by homologous recombination, where the cell/bacterium is derived, preferably from an Escherichia coli. The nucleic acid molecule comprised in the cell is carried within a plasmid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic product is butanol, ethylene, 1,3-propanediol, propanol, D-lactate, acetone or fatty acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The separation unit comprises a filter, a membrane, a decanter, a clarifier, a hydrocyclone, and a centrifuge.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: recovering and recycling at least a portion of the solid additive; recovering the hemicellulose; and hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to produce glucose; and introducing a second solid additive to the digestor. The step (d) is carried out: prior to or simultaneously with removal of the solvent for lignin from the liquor; following removal of the solvent for lignin from the liquor; prior to or simultaneously with removal of the sulfur dioxide from the liquor; and following removal of the sulfur dioxide from the liquor. The second solid additive introduced to the digestor is the same as the solid additive introduced to the hydrolysis reactor. Preferred Components: The acid or acid precursor comprises sulfur dioxide, sulfurous acid, sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, and/or lignosulfonic acid. The solid additive comprises: metal sulfates, metal sulfate hydrates, metal sulfate derivatives, ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate derivatives, native lignin, acid-condensed lignin, sulfonated lignin, and/or lignin derivatives; and anhydrite, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and/or calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum). The solid additive comprises gypsum and lignin. The gypsum is recycled gypsum that is generated following step (f) and the lignin is recycled lignin that is removed following step (f). The solid additive comprises minerals, diatomaceous earth, silica, alumina, ash, zeolites, metal alums, ammonium alum, dust, cellulose, nanocellulose, sawdust, agricultural residue pith, and/or biomass fines.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The dehydrating, oligomerizing, and hydrogenating are each carried out in the presence of a dehydration catalyst, oligomerization catalyst, and a hydrogenation catalyst, respectively. The dehydrating, oligomerizing, and hydrogenating are carried out in a different reaction zone or the same reaction zone. The dehydrating and/or the oligomerizing are carried out in the presence of an acidic catalyst, where the acidic catalyst for dehydrating and the acidic catalyst for oligomerizing is the same or different. The hydrogenating is carried out in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst selected from copper, chromium, molybdenum, iridium, palladium, rhodium, nickel, ruthenium, platinum, rhenium; their compounds; and/or Raney catalysts. The dehydrating step (a) is conducted in the gas phase. The oligomerization step (b) is conducted in the liquid phase. The process (P1) further involves isolating at least one 4C olefins obtained from dehydrating step (a) prior to oligomerizing step (b). At least one renewable 4C alcohols is formed by culturing a microorganism capable of producing at least one 4C alcohol in a fermentor. Preferred Components: At least one of the dehydration catalyst, oligomerization catalyst, or hydrogenation catalyst are heterogeneous catalysts. The acidic catalyst for dehydrating and the acidic catalyst for oligomerizing are each selected from inorganic acids, organic sulfonic acids, alumina, neutral chromium treated alumina, acid treated aluminum oxide, zeolites, solid phosphoric acid, heteropolyacids, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids, their metal salts an/or mixtures of metal salts. The at least one 4C alcohols in biofuel precursor is isobutanol or 1-butanol. The product of step (c) in biofuel preparation comprises primarily butene dimers and/or butene trimers. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: In improving carbon capture in the microbial fermentation of the substrate, the products are an alcohol or an acid, preferably selected from ethanol, acetic acid or 2,3-butanediol. Moreover, at least a portion of the one or more products removed in step (d) is removed by a distillation process. The clarifying module comprises an anaerobic digestion module. Also, the clarifying module comprises at least one of a biomass removal module, an organic component removal module, an inorganic component removal module, an acid removal module or a sterilization module. The anaerobic digestion module produces a gaseous substrate comprising methane and carbon dioxide. The methane produced by the anaerobic digestion is used as a carbon, heat or energy source. The methane is used in a process selected from; reformation of methane to produce to CO; direct or indirect heating of a distillation process for the removal of one or more products from a permeate and/or bleed stream; power generation using a gas turbine. One or more components of the bleed stream and/or permeate stream is reduced prior to the stream being passed back the bioreactor. One or more components of a liquid nutrient media is added to a treated or clarified stream prior to the treated stream or clarified stream being passed back the bioreactor. The bioreactor is a two reactor system. The fermentation is a continuous fermentation. The capture and treatment of bleed stream and/or permeate is a continuous process. The microorganism is Acetobacterium woodii; the gaseous substrate is carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2); and the one or more products are acetic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluid conducting material is selected from fabric, foam, glass fiber, synthetic polymer, natural fiber or printed material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fraction extracted from second processing step is processed into a building material, preferably into a fertilizer. An organic light fraction is formed in first processing step, and the discharge product from the final drying, is mixed in a mixer, optionally dried and is thermally processed into usable products, preferably pellets. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The first fluidized bed carrier is attached to denitrifying microorganism, preferably nitrifying microorganism and/or carbon-oxidizing microorganism in the carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (c) further comprises inflowing the coagulant and crude raw water mixture through an in-line mixer or a drug mixing basin equipped with an injecting unit. In the step (c) injection is carried out at a rate of 1-5 mole aluminum/mole phosphorus. The concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids in the fluidized bed carrier of the step (b) and the first fluidized bed carrier of the (a) are 500-1000 mg/l.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coagulant includes at least two of aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, sodium aluminate, ferric chloride, and ferrous sulfate. The concentration of total phosphorus in treated water is less than 0.2 ppm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first oxygen tank and the second oxygen tank are separated by a space formed by a partition wall (60) within any one of the oxygen tank. The first anoxic tank contains carrier solution returned from the first oxygen tank. The separation membrane is hollow fiber or flat type filter, which is microfiltration membrane with pore size of 0.01-0.04 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carrier includes plastic, ceramics, spongy rubber, porous polymer and foaming agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution comprises 10-90 wt.%, preferably 25-50 wt.% of the compound, and 10-90 wt.%, preferably 50-75 wt.% of water, where the compound is N-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, N-methyl-3-hydroxypiperidine or N-ethyl-3-hydroxypiperidine. The solution further comprises: 10-90 wt.%, preferably 10-30 wt.% of amine e.g. tertiary amine such as methyldiethanolamine, or a secondary amine having two tertiary carbons in an alpha position of the nitrogen, or a secondary amine having a quaternary carbon in the alpha position of the nitrogen; less than or equal to 30 wt.%, 0.5 wt.% of compound containing at least one primary or secondary amine function, where the compound includes monoethanolamine, N-butylethanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine, diglycolamine, piperazine, 1-methylpiperazine, 2-methylpiperazine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, morpholine, 3-(methylamino) propylamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, and its N-alkylated derivatives including N,N'-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, N-methyl-1,6-hexanediamine and N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine; and a physical solvent including methanol and sulfolane. Preferred Process: The absorption step is carried out at a pressure of 1-120 bar and at a temperature of 20-100 degrees C. The method further comprises regenerating the absorbent solution charged with the acidic compounds at a pressure of 1-10 bar and at a temperature of 100-180 degrees C after the absorption step. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: When the to-be-separated gas is mixed gas of carbon dioxide and methane, the transmission rate of the carbon dioxide is 20 GPU or more at 35 degrees C and 5 atmospheres, and transmission rate ratio (RCO2/RCH4) of carbon dioxide and methane is 15 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The gas separation layer is formed using a solution of polybenzoxazole resin. Preferred Composition: The gas separation membrane is a gas separation composite film having gas separation layer on a gas permeable support layer. The polybenzoxazole resin has repeating unit of formula (I).Ra=group chosen from group of formulae (i)-(iv);R1,R2=H or alkyl;asterisk=coupling region with N or O in formula (I);Rb=group chosen from group of formulae (v)-(viii);R3=alkyl, amino, or halo;R4,R5=alkyl, halo, or group which connects and forms ring with X2;l1,m1,n1=0-4;X1-X3,J1=single bond or bivalent coupling group;R6-R8=substituent;l2,m2,n2=0-3;A1=-COOH, -OH, -SH, -S(=O)2R' or -S(=O)2OH;andR'=alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The support layer is porous layer (2), and has nonwoven fabric layer on opposite side of the gas separation layer. Preferred Property: The molecular weight cut off of the porous layer is 100000 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The device additionally comprises: a nozzle system installed over the entire length of the biomass feed chamber for spraying a fresh material into the biomass feed chamber; a feed pump, agitator, a flushing port, at least one gas vent and a volume flow meter. The biomass feed chamber has a gas- and odor-tight closable opening as the upper end. The high-performance cutting pump is installed at the bottom of pump chamber and the associated pump sump is deeper than the rest of the container bottom. Preferred Method: The dosage of the mixture of biomass from the container is conducted into a subsequent process depending on the current gas formation in the system using flow control. The pump chamber is used as a reserve for hydrolyzing bacteria. The biomass provided by supplying liquid material, preferably recirculation liquid from the advanced process stages of fermentation by pump, is added via a nozzle system from the packed biomass and is mixed with it, mashed, and hydrolyzed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The container optionally exhibits an outer wall (2) with variably high outer wall regions. The partial volumes of the container form different filling levels (12). In the partial volumes of the container, different temperatures are formed. The interface between the inner partitions and outer wall are liquid-tight. The partial volumes are differently covered with respect to material, density, layer structure and thermal insulation, where the partial volumes are connectable inside the cover. The container sectors are in contact with the outer wall region, from which each container sector is individually charged, moved, tempered, monitored and operated. The inner partitions support heat convection for saving energy, where temperature differences between adjacent container sectors are used for promoting processes of specific steps of fermentation. At least one hydrolysis chamber is integrated in the container, which receive different input during variable temperature, residence time and space velocity. At least one fermentation chamber is integrated in the container, which receive different input during variable temperature, residence time and space velocity. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biosubstrate, which is to be treated, is agricultural manure made of manure from livestock, fermentation residues from biogas production, stillage from bioethanol production, process engineering waste products from the food- or sugar production and/or slaughter waste. The odor treatment substance comprises at least one nitrate, preferably potassium nitrate. The starting material of the aggregate is made of lemon oil. The lemon oil source is lime-containing plant or vegetable pomace. The odor treatment substance is made of iron II chloride or iron III chloride. Preferred Method: The manure or biosubstrate is introduced in a container or a culturing device, which is colonized with Azolla, after introduction of the odor treatment substance. The odor treatment substance is mixed with a wetting agent. At least one surfactant or surfactant-water mixtures are mixed as wetting agent. The odor treatment substance is mixed with water. An aggregate is added with a mixture of monocyclic monoterpene and citral. The mineral flour is mixed to the mixture of aggregate and manure or aggregate and slurries. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid are supplied to the manure/slurries. The biosubstrate, which is to be treated, is added to culture water of an aquatic culturing device according to DE2008050974. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sensor device comprises a resistance measuring device and/or a conductivity measuring device. The water retention device comprises a condensation device, preferably a cooling device. The sensor device is connected to a control device. The control device is adapted to control the biogas plant based on the determined acidity. The monitoring device is adapted to determine the acid content of the biogas reactor based on the specific acid content.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of acid is a fraction of organic acids, preferably volatile organic acids. Preferred Method: The method further comprises determining the acid content of the biogas reactor based on the specific acid content in the retained water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The surface of the support structure holding rods (14). The holding rods have a covering (18) with a suitable material for colonization of microorganisms. The settlement area is spirally guided. The storage device comprises a driven or drivable shaft supported or rotatably mounted in the biogas reactor. The surface of the support structure has attached or attachable holding rods on a shaft. The holding rods are respectively mounted at one end to the shaft. The surface of the support structure comprises a gauze fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the producing step, the algae include macroalgae, microalgae, ethanol-producing algae and/or archaea. The organisms in the producing step include at least one of the genera and/or species including brown algae, Laminaria spp., Palmaria ssp., Chlorella spp., Sprirulina ssp., Sargassum ssp., Gracillaria ssp., Chlorella spp., Dunaliella ssp., Prymnesium parvum, Euglena ssp. and archaea. The microorganisms in the converting step include Ruminococcus ssp., Ralstonia spp., Lactobacillus ssp., Clostridium ssp., Bacteroides spp., archaea, isotrichidae, ophryoscolecidae, Ciliata, yeasts and fungi, preferably Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, Ralstonia eutropha and Hydrogenomonas eutrophus. The producing step is carried out either in a closed system or in an open system. The producing step is an aerobic process, and the converting step is an anaerobic process from metabolites, hydrocarbons, organic acids, minerals, potash compounds, phosphate compounds, nitrogen compounds, and mono- and di-sugars and proteins. The first aerobic step is separated from the second anaerobic step by a device, which allows a diffusion of the metabolites in the producing step resulting in the converting step.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reactor is equipped with process sensors comprising pH-value, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen-sensor, photometer, contact sensors, flow cytometry, and/or electronic nose, where at least one of the components has a feedback mechanism.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The producing step is carried out using biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas and/or biohydrogen. In the converting step, the produced low molecular weight compound includes methane, hydrogen, butanol, ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, butyric acid and/or lactic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Activated sludge is anaerobic in nature. The carrier material is comprised of buckwheat and arrowroot in molar ratio of 1:1. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) test is conducted to measure the amount of yeast present in wastewater, which is 2450mg /L. Preferred Process: Buckwheat and arrowroot are mixed in molar ratio of 1:1. The obtained material is sterilized, and then inoculated with anaerobic sludge. The obtained material is then fermented with starch such as maltose and glucose under aerobic condition. The fermented material is then poured in a vacuum filter under pressurized condition to obtain processed sludge material. The obtained sludge material is then dried in a fluidized bed, and then pressed to obtain granular sludge as desired material. The activated sludge is mixed with domestic sewage, which comprises high concentration of yeast in a reactor, and then processed under anaerobic condition. During the course of reaction the residual sludge gets precipitating out leaving behind water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is ethylene glycol butyl ether, diisopropanolamine, or propylene glycol methyl ether. The stabilizing agent is trisodium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Constructing recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae comprises obtaining alpha-amylase gene, maltogenic amylase gene and acid protease gene sequences through PCR amplification; accessing Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector for constructing recombinant multi-gene co-expression vector; constructing recombinant multi-gene co-expression vector using restriction enzyme cutting; and rear linear conversion to make recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: B. subtilis has total viable count of 15-20%, A. niger has total viable count of 15-20%, T. viride has total viable count of 30-40%, P. chrysosporium has total viable count of 10-15%, and G. stearothermophiIus has total viable count of 10-20%. Preferred Compositions: Strain fermentation culture medium and composite microbial agent inoculum contain 10-15 g/L blasted straw, 10-12 g/L peptone, 10-15 g/L ammonium sulfate, 5-10 g/L glucose, 10-12 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and distilled water to obtain 1 L solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises obtaining the recombinant yeast having the desired improvement from the screening or selection of step (e). That steps (a)-(d) or (a)-(e) are repeated at least once from one or more recombinant yeast. The recombinant yeast recovered in step (d) is stored in the form of yeast banks before being screened or selected. In the RTG process, a nucleic acid encoding a fusion protein, under the control of a promoter, preferably specific to meiosis, comprising a binding domain bind to a DNA operably linked to a Spol 1 protein or a partner protein of Spol 1, is introduced into the strain of industrial interest to locally increase the frequency of double-strand breaks in prophase of meiosis or modify the distribution of such breaks along the chromosomes. The contacting step is done by transferring the yeast in rich medium. Preferred Components: The yeast strain of industrial interest has a ploidy degree of greater than or equal to 2. The recombinant yeast has recombination events per cell. The recombination events induce a decreased rate of heterozygosity. The sporulation medium includes a fermentable carbon source or nitrogen source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves reusing at least one portion of the treated water circulated at the circulation process. The recovering step is performed by membrane separation to obtain saccharified liquid. After circulation process is stopped, washing the lignocellulosic biomass and recovering water. The method involves pre-treating, decomposing or dissolving lignin in the lignocellulosic biomass, before performing the sprinkling process. The pre-treating step involves contacting the lignocellulosic biomass with ammonia gas under pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, and vaporizing the ammonia gas present in contacted lignocellulosic biomass. The method involves circulating alcohol treated water, and performing fermentation of the lignocellulosic biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas permeation membrane is obtained by further mixing an epoxy compound of formula (II) and heating.Rf=alkane, organic group having valence of g, in which any hydrogen atom has been removed from alkane, alicyclic or aromatic ring, or optionally containing O, S, or N (optionally substituted by fluoro, Cl, alkyl, or fluoroalkyl);andg=1-4. Preferred Definitions:    R1=divalent organic group of formula (ia) or (ib);and    R2=tetravalent organic group of formula (iia) or (iib), preferably tetravalent organic group of formulae (iia1-iia6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The contents of the inorganic salts in the mixture can be mixed variably. The benzophenanthridine alkaloids are provided in their amount. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The sulfuric acid has concentration of 150-700 parts per million (ppm). The iron oxide bacterium is Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing reaction at 25-70 degrees C. The cellulosic biomass is pre-treated before being reacted in the hydrolysis. Preferred Composition: The cellulase includes an exoglucanase, beta -glucosidase, and endoglucanase. The hydrolysis is an enzymatic hydrolysis and generates glucose. The hydrolysis has a product, preferably glucose. The cellulose is contained in a raw material of a special chemical or a drug. Preferred Mutant: The at least one of a yield of a product and a reactive efficiency of a cellulosic hydrolysis. The cellulosic hydrolysis is an enzymatic hydrolysis. The cellulosic hydrolysis has materials of the mutant, cellulosic biomass, and cellulase. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The step (b) includes extracting with steam in saturated, superheated, or supersaturated form; and extracting with hot water. The step (c) further includes washing the cellulose-rich solids using an aqueous wash solution to produce a wash filtrate; optionally combining at least some of the wash filtrate with the extract liquor; pressing the cellulose-rich solids to produce dewatered cellulose-rich solids and a press filtrate; and optionally combining at least some of the press filtrate with the extract liquor. The process further involves refining or milling the dewatered cellulose-rich solids prior to step (d). The step (d) employs cellulase enzymes or a dilute acid for hydrolyzing the dewatered cellulose-rich solids. The step (c) further includes washing and where hydrolyzing the dewatered cellulose-rich solids are integrated with washing. The step (c) and step (d) are integrated. The removal of cellulose in step (d) increases the energy content of the energy-dense biomass, compared to an otherwise-identical process that does not include step (d). The process further involves pelletizing the intermediate solids to produce biomass pellets; removing at least a portion of the lignin from the extract liquor, and adding lignin to the intermediate solids; combusting the energy-dense biomass to produce power and/or heat; hydrolyzing hemicellulosic oligomers contained in the extract liquor to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars; recovering fermentable hemicellulosic sugars; optionally combining fermentable hemicellulosic sugars with hydrolysate from step (d); and fermenting the hydrolysate to a fermentation product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carrier is polyvinyl alcohol type carrier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ground HAP biomass contains wood shaving, sawdust, crust, straw and/or dried portion of plant. Preferred Process: Before mixing ground biomass, water is added. Before passing the mixture into cavitator, compressed air or inert gas is supplied.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel is 15% ground straw of gramineous culture and 85% stove fuel, or 20% ground rape, 60% rape oil and 20% water, or 15% ground reed, 50% petroleum residue, 25% alcohol and 10% water. The mixture contains 0.1-30% ground biomass, 50-98.9% liquid fuel component and 1-20% water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Recombinant M. thermophila Polypeptide: The polypeptide is selected from a glycohydrolase, a carbohydrate esterase, an oxidase, an oxidoreductase a reductase and a dehydrogenase, preferably a glycohydrolase or carbohydrate esterase. Preferred Nucleic Acid: The nucleic acid has a sequence given in any of Tables 1-4. Preferred Recombinant Vector: The promoter is a heterologous promoter. Preferred Recombinant Host Cell: The host cell is prokaryotic. The host cell is eukaryotic, where the cell is a fungus cell, and where the fungus cell is a yeast cell or filamentous fungus cell. The fungus cell is a filamentous fungus host cell, where the filamentous fungus cell is a M. thermophila cell. Preparation (claimed): Producing a polypeptide comprises culturing a recombinant host cell of (3) under conditions in which the polypeptide is produced. The polypeptide is a biomass degradation polypeptide. The biomass degradation polypeptide is a glycohydrolase. The method further comprises recovering the polypeptide from the medium in which the cell is cultured or from a lysate of the cell. Preferred Method: In the method for degrading a cellulosic biomass, the composition is a cell culture medium into which the biomass degradation polypeptide has been secreted by cells expressing the polypeptide. The biomass degradation polypeptide is a glycohydrolase. The composition comprises at least one other recombinant biomass degradation polypeptide. Preferred Composition: The biomass degradation polypeptide is a glycoside hydrolase and further, where the cellulase is different from the glycoside hydrolase biomass degradation polypeptide. The cellulase is derived from a filamentous fungal cell, where the filamentous fungal cell is a Trichoderma or Aspergillus species fungal cell. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid electrolyte is formed by a zirconium oxide ceramics doped with 8-15% of erbium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The preparation of the strain, involves (a) mixing microbial agents with sterile distilled water, filtering mixture through 0.25 mu m pore membrane filter, performing serial dilution into sterile distilled water, carrying dilution to 10-7-10-9 concentration of each of 100 mu l, coating the bacteria, Actinomycetes, and fungal isolation medium, and inoculating culture, (b) picking colonies from the cultured plate, testing the colonies by starch hydrolysis test, gelatin liquefaction test, fat hydrolysis test, and degradation of cellulose test, and screening out all strongest strains, and (c) identifying effective strain by performing 16S ribosomal (r)-RNA fragment method, sequencing, and comparing advantages of identified strains. The method involves mixing fermentation broth and sterilized bran in a ratio of 1:1, after 48 hours dry fermentation. Preferred Composition: The total number of viable microbial cells in compound is 200000000 per g. Preferred Medium: The fermentation medium comprises 0.3% beef extract, 1% peptone, 0.5% sodium chloride (NaCl), and distilled water, where pH of the medium is 7.4-7.6. The biogas residue comprises 36-49% organic nutrients, 10.1-24.6% humic acid, 5-9% crude protein, 0.4-0.6% nitrogen, 0.6-1.2% potassium, and remainder minerals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culturing step is carried out at temperature of 49-51 degrees C, rotating speed of 80-180 revolutions per minute (rpm), preferably 160 rpm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the step (iv): adding 10-20 wt.% straw into the chicken manure; stacking is performed for 3 times by adding 10-20 wt.% humic acid (aminated humic acid) to carry out humic acid fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The compost material comprises the above-mentioned base fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of biodiesel and urea is 1-2:1-3, Preferred Method: The flocculation step is carried out at a temperature of -2 degrees C to 2 degrees C. The amount of additive is 3000 parts per million. The method comprises centrifuging the removed clathrate compound at a speed of 1500-2500 rotation per minute for 3-7 minutes, and removing water and impurities from the clathrate compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microbial fermentation broth is obtained by (i) carrying out primary fermentation by adding 0.3-0.8 wt.% salt to Lactobacillus, fermenting, distilling by pressure and aging, (ii) carrying out secondary fermentation by adding 0.1-0.5 wt.% water-soluble propolis to the primary fermented Lactobacillus and fermenting, (iii) carrying out tertiary yeast fermentation by adding 0.5-2 wt.% minerals to the secondary fermented Lactobacillus and fermenting by providing yeast, (iv) carrying out quaternary fermentation by inoculating the tertiary fermented product with Actinomyces, filamentous fungi, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae or Acetobacter, and (v) adding 0.05-1 wt.% glycerin to the quaternary fermented product, homogenizing by dispersing at high-speed and then fermenting. The method further comprises (g) adding 80-95 wt.% water and 5-20 wt.% mixture obtained from the step (f) into a tank, (h) evaporating by heating at 50-70 degrees C for 20-30 hours, carrying out vapor condensation by passing through a cooler and collecting the distillate, (i) mixing 8-10 wt.% microbial fermentation broth fermented with organic acids of medicinal plants, 30-50 wt.% collected distillate, 15-40 wt.% phosphoric acid, 5-15 wt.% potassium, 5-15 wt.% shrimp and crab shells, and fermenting at 25-36 degrees C for 3-6 days in the fermentation chamber, and (j) separating the supernatant from the sludge by precipitating the obtained mixture for 4-6 hours. The sludge obtained from the step (j) is mixed with a mixture of rice hulls, sawdust, and red clay in 3:7 weight ratio and aging for 6-8 days and after used as a manure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palladium salt is palladium chloride, palladium nitrate or palladium acetylacetonate. The carrier is aluminum oxide film, zirconium oxide film or titanium oxide film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The siloxane is 1,2-bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane or 1,2-bis (triethoxysilyl) methane, and lower alcohol is ethanol, methanol or butanol. The solvent is concentrated hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or acetyl acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lignocellulosic biomass is elm, aspen, poplar, Eucalyptus, pine, spruce, wheat straw, barley straw, olive or Hesperaloe funifera. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer has a molecular mass of 30000-200000 g/mole as determined by gel permeation chromatography. The copolymer consists of 5-30 wt.% of methacrylic acid monomers and/or its salts, 0-10 wt.% of acrylic acid monomers and/or its salts, and 70-95 wt.% of monomers. Preferred Method: The step (f) is carried out using a rotor-stator type mixer, a device equipped with a recirculating loop and a device configured to deliver an output of 1000 W/m3. Preferred Definitions:    R = methacrylate group;    R1 = H or CH3; and    m, n = 17.    EXAMPLE - 478 g of Water and 1.41 wt.% of polymer were introducing into a container. 505 g of Hydrated lime was added under stirring. A shear rate of 82000 s-1 was applied to the mixture using IKA magic lab mixer (RTM: New dispersing and mixing system) to obtain 50-51 wt.% of the aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous suspension has a dry content of 40 wt.%, and a viscosity of 25-1000 mPa.s measured by a Brookfield DVIII viscometer at 10 revolution per minute at 20 degrees C. Preferred Method: The homogeneous shearing step is carried out at a homogeneous shear level of greater than 50000 s-1 and carried out using a rotor-stator type mixer, a device equipped with a recirculating loop and a device configured to deliver an output of 1000 W/m3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The copolymer has a molecular mass of 30000-200000 g/mole as determined by gel permeation chromatography, and consists of 5-30 wt.% of methacrylic acid monomers and/or its salts, 0-10 wt.% of acrylic acid monomers and/or its salts, and 70-95 wt.% of monomers. Preferred Definitions:    R = methacrylate group;    R1 = H or CH3; and    m, n = 17.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The washing process is accomplished by using a citric acid solution, where the process is performed by increasing oxidation stability of biodiesel and decreasing volume of washing. The washing is affected by countercurrent and parallel columns or tank. The washing with citric acid solution is performed in presence of metals such as copper achieved to increase resistance to oxidation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (a), using a plate-frame filter for centrifugation or filtration. The step (ii) comprises cleaning the collected solids by using clean water of two times the volume of solids, and allowing to stand for 3-6 hours. The ultrasonic oscillation treatment is carried out at 10-30 degrees C for 0.5-1 hours. In the step (d), allowing to stand temperature is 5-25 degrees C. The crystallization time is 10-15 hours. In the step (d), cleaning the collected solids by using clean water for two times. Preferred Components: The adding amount of sodium carbonate solution is 5-50 times of the collected solids, and the mol concentration of sodium carbonate solution is 0.1-0.15 mol/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, ammonia is used as the hydrogen export vector, and nitrogen for ammonia synthesis is sourced from the plant which is using liquid air or liquid nitrogen to store renewable energy to power electrolysis for hydrogen production. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The coupling connection block is provided with an upper flange for coupling the driving motor, a lower flange for coupling the waterproof housing, and a flange connecting rod having height is installed on the coupling set and is combined with 3-8 equal intervals between the upper flange and the lower flange. The flange connecting rod is facing towards the side central axis of a vertical plate having predetermined thickness. The coupling set comprises an upper coupling provided with a downward coupling projection and is combined with the rotary shaft of the driving motor, and a lower coupling provided with an upward coupling projection corresponding to the coupling projection of the upper coupling and is combined with the packaging machine shaft. The coupling set is provided with gap between the each coupling projections, which is combined with the lower coupling. The coupling set comprises an elastic block placed between the coupling projection of the lower coupling and the upper coupling. The elastic block is provided with a connecting unit for connecting multiple circular insertion wings, which are inserted between the gaps. The impeller is combined with a disc-shaped impeller shaft on one side and is provided with multiple foam breaking projections on the other side.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali is chosen from lithium carbonate, lithium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The compound (II) is obtained by reacting 6-chloropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione and aryl halide of formula (III) in presence of a base and solvent.Hal=Br, Cl or I.Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran or dioxane, preferably tetrahydrofuran. The reducing agent is trialkylphosphine or oxidant chosen from diethyl azodicarboxylate, diisopropyl azodicarboxylate, azodicarbonamide and tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, preferably diisopropyl azodicarboxylate. The trialkylphosphine is triphenylphosphine. The base is triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine, preferably diisopropylethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal catalyst is selected from iron, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, cerium, rhodium, vanadium, niobium, tungsten, chromium and manganese. The molecular sieve catalyst is selected from ZSM molecular sieve, MCM molecular sieve, any oxide, silicon dioxide, zeolite, 3A molecular sieve, 4A molecular sieve and 13X molecular sieve. Preferred Method: The DDL type catalyst is prepared by adding sulfuric acid to aluminum sulfate solution, uniformly stirring the resulting mixture, adding silicate kaolin with the mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain a carrier sizing agent, impregnating HZSM-5 zeolite with zinc nitrate solution for 5 hours, calcining the resulting product at 300 degrees C for 1 hours to obtain zinc HZSM-5 zeolite, mixing alpha -aluminum oxide, zinc HZSM-5 zeolite and the carrier sizing agent, drying the resulting mixture, drying mixture at 600 degrees C for 3 hours to obtain solid granules, and mixing solid granule with spherical silicon glue to obtain a finished product.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plant oil is selected from sunflower seed oil, colza oil, peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, pine oil, castor oil and olive oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is chloroform, methylene dichloride and carbon tetrachloride. ACTIVITY - Cardiovascular-Gen.; Cerebroprotective; Vasotropic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Calcium channel blocker.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 30 pts. wt. microbial agent composition, 60 pts. wt. inorganic fertilizer and 10 pts. wt. humic acid. Preferred Components: The microbial agent comprises 50 pts. wt. B.laterosporus, 30 pts. wt. B.megaterium and 20 pts. wt. nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus. The inorganic fertilizer comprises 43 pts. wt. urea, 17 pts. wt. monoammonium phosphate, 13 pts. wt. potassium chloride, 1 pt. wt. borax, 1 pt. wt. magnesium sulfate, 1 pt. wt. copper sulfate, 10 pts. wt. humic acid and 14 pts. wt. manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The method further involves stirring the mixture in the vessel such that the hydrophobic sorbent substance is evenly distributed to the liquidized sludge, and separating contaminant-laden hydrophobic sorbent substance from the sludge by passing the mixture through a physical filter of mesh size as to filter out the hydrophobic sorbent substance from the sludge. The hydrophobic sorbent substance is in the form of solid pellets. The mixing process is carried out without affecting the size of the pellets, such that pellets having large size does not pass through the filter. The density of hydrophobic sorbent liquid and the liquidized sludge are different such that non-contaminant-laden hydrophobic sorbent liquid is physically separated from the liquidized sludge by gravity-settling or centrifuging. The sludge contains bio-cellular materials. The bio-cellular materials are hydrolyzed and solubilized into the sludge by shearing. Before shearing process, dewatering of sludge is carried out in which the content of solid is 50% or more. The sheared sludge is homogeneous aqueous liquid, even when measured on a microscopic sub-cellular scale. The liquidized sludge does not contain discrenably-solid particles. Preferred Properties: The melting point of hydrophobic sorbent substance is MP degrees C. The hydrophobic sorbent substance is solid, when the temperature of hydrophobic sorbent substance is below MP degrees C. The hydrophobic sorbent substance is liquid when the temperature of hydrophobic sorbent substance is above MP degrees C. The mixing process is carried at MP degrees C or more. Before separation process, the mixture is cooled to a temperature below MP degrees C such that the substance becomes solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The macroporous resin chromatographic column is C18 reverse phase silica gel filler chromatographic column. The concentration of ethanol is 85-95%. The amount of water is 8-15 times. The alkaline water is 10-15 times of 0.5 mol/l sodium hydroxide. The filler is HP600 macroporous resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol compound is benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, or compound with methyl or ethyl on the benzene ring of benzyl alcohol or phenethyl alcohol. The catalyst is an esterfication TX-5 catalyst.Preferred Process: The reaction temperature is 60-180degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In preparing the silicone membrane, the silicone membrane has a thickness of 0.1-300 mu m. The poly(alkylene oxide) is at least one of a poly(oxyethylene) having the general formula R1O(CH2CH2O)bR3, a poly(oxypropylene) having the general formula R1O(CH2CH(CH3)O)bR3, a poly(oxybutylene) having the general formula R1O(CH2CH(CH2CH3)O)bR3, and a poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene) copolymer having the formula R1O(CH2CH2O)c(CH2CH(CH3)O)dR3.b=has a value such that the number average molecular weight of the poly(alkylene oxide) is 90-4000; andc+d=b.One surface of the film is contacted with the composition comprising an unsaturated poly(alkylene oxide). Two opposing surfaces of the film are contacted with the composition comprising an unsaturated poly(alkylene oxide). The surface of the film is contacted with the composition comprising the unsaturated poly(alkylene oxide) at a temperature of 50-150 degrees C. The method further involves, after contacting the surface, washing the silicone membrane to remove any of the unsaturated poly(alkylene oxide) remaining on the surface. The silicone membrane is an unsupported silicone membrane. In separating gas components in the feed gas mixture, the feed gas mixture comprises carbon dioxide and at least one of nitrogen and methane and the permeate gas mixture is enriched in carbon dioxide. The feed gas mixture comprises water vapor and the permeate gas mixture is enriched in water vapor. Preferred Membrane: Alternatively, the supported silicone membrane comprises: a substrate; and a silicone membrane on the substrate, where the membrane is prepared by the method above. The substrate is a porous substrate comprising a frit comprising a material selected from glass, ceramic, alumina, and a porous polymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mixture of paraffins have a 14C/12C ratio indicative of atmospheric carbon. The mixture exhibits a 95% distillation point of greater than or equal to 285 degrees C and a freeze point of less than or equal to -75 degrees C. The smooth boiling point curve is: characterized as having no intervals of the boiling point curve steeper than 4 degrees C/mass% as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of 10-90%; further characterized as having no intervals shallower than 0.3 degrees C/mass% as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of 20-80%; further characterized as having no intervals shallower than 0.2 degrees C/mass% as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of 20-80%; characterized as having no intervals shallower than 0.3 degrees C/mass% as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of 10-90%; further characterized as having no intervals shallower than 0.2 degrees C/mass% as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of 20-80%; and characterized as having no intervals of the boiling point curve steeper than 2.5 degrees C/mass%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In producing jet-range hydrocarbons, the C4 olefins are derived from dehydrating a renewable alcohol with a 14C/12C ratio indicative of atmospheric carbon. The method further involves dimerizing the C4 olefins at a level greater than 90% prior to passing the C4 olefin oligomers to the oligomerization reactor. The zeolite catalyst in the oligomerization reactor is a catalyst comprising a TON, MTW, MTT or MFI type zeolite. The zeolite catalyst comprises 5-85 wt.%, preferably 20-82 wt.% MTT with the balance alumina powder. The method also involves hydrogenating the jet range hydrocarbon stream in a hydrogenation reactor. The oligomerization reactor is operated at a temperature of 100-230 degrees C, preferably 111-197 degrees C and a pressure of 300-1000 psig, preferably 710-1000 psig. The method as well involves separating the oligomerized effluent by distillation to produce the jet range hydrocarbon stream and a recycle stream comprising C8 olefins. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: During the enzymatic hydrolysis step (c1) oxygen is added to the ligno-cellulosic material. The oxygen is added in the form of bubbles. The reactor for the enzymatic hydrolysis has a volume of greater than or equal to 1 m3. The enzymatic hydrolysis time is 5-150 hours. The enzyme composition used retains activity for greater than or equal to 30 hours. The hydrolysis is conducted at greater than or equal to 45 degrees C, preferably greater than or equal to 50 degrees C and especially greater than or equal to 55 degrees C. The dry matter content in the hydrolysis step (c1) is greater than or equal to 10 wt.%, preferably greater than or equal to 14 wt.% and especially 14-33 wt.%. The enzymatic hydrolysis takes place in a batch, fed batch and/or continuous culture reactor. The oxygen is introduced as an oxygen-containing gas such as air. Preferred Components: The enzyme composition is derived from a fungus, preferably a microorganism of the genus Rasamsonia or the enzyme composition comprises a fungal enzyme, preferably a Rasamsonia enzyme. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The oxygen is added in the form of bubbles. The enzymatic hydrolysis is performed for 5-150 hours, in a batch, fed batch and/or continuous culture reactor at greater than or equal to 45 degrees C, preferably greater than or equal to 55 degrees C. The oxygen is introduced as an oxygen-containing gas such as air. Preferred Components: In the process (I): the part of the time where less or preferably no oxygen is added is 10-80%, preferably 40-80% of the total enzymatic hydrolysis time; the part of the time where more oxygen is added is 2-80%, preferably 10-50% of the total enzymatic hydrolysis time; the part of the time where more oxygen is added is 12-50%, preferably 20-40% when the oxygen is added in the second half of time of the enzymatic hydrolysis and/or, 2-30%, preferably 5-20% the total enzymatic hydrolysis time when the oxygen is added in the first half of time of the enzymatic hydrolysis; the oxygen concentration in the liquid phase of the hydrolysis during the part of the time where oxygen is added is at least 2 times, preferably at least 10 times the oxygen concentration in the liquid phase during the part of the time where less or no oxygen is added; and the part of the time when the oxygen is added, the oxygen concentration in the liquid phase is at least 0.001 mol/m3 to atmost 0.12 mol/m3, preferably at least 0.003 mol/m3 to atmost 0.03 mol/m3. The reactor for the enzymatic hydrolysis has a volume of greater than or equal to 1 m3. The enzyme composition is derived from a fungus, preferably a microorganism of genus Rasamsonia or the enzyme composition comprises a fungal enzyme preferably Rasamsonia enzyme. The dry matter content in the hydrolysis step (c) is greater than or equal to 10 wt.%, preferably 14-33 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polarizable gas is carbon dioxide. The gas includes nitrogen, hydrogen and methane, where the MOM has a greater relative affinity for carbon dioxide over each one of nitrogen, hydrogen and methane. The first gas is carbon dioxide. The second gas includes nitrogen, hydrogen and methane. The MOM is e.g. (Co(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene)2(CrO4)), (Ni(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene)2(CrO4))n, (Ni(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane)2(CrO4))n. Preferred Definition:    M=Co or Ni;    L=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpa), 4,4'-azopyridine (zbp), or 1,4-bis(4- pyridyl)benzene (bpb).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises formulating the inorganic mineral fertilizer to desired stoichiometric levels of minerals for specific fertilizer applications. The biomass is provided as a bale of source biomass and the method further includes breaking the bale apart and removing non-plant materials from the source biomass. Contaminants are removed from the source biomass. The source biomass is size reduced to biomass particles of 4-60 mm. The solid biomass fiber is separated from the mixture using a screener (1) with aperture size of 125-500 mu m. to produce a first liquid extract phase and a first solid phase comprising the biomass fiber; and mechanically dewatering the first solid phase to obtain a second solid biomass fiber and a second liquid extract which is used as the liquid extract. The method further comprises filtering the liquid extract phase using reverse osmosis membranes. The method also comprises reducing total suspended solids (TTS) of portion of the liquid extract to less than 300 ppm. Preferred Component: The biomass fiber for thermal conversion processes comprises 8-20% moisture. The fluid is water. The biomass is selected from agricultural residues, marginal grasses, or energy crops. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The solvent is: a polar solvent including ethanol; or water. The solvent soluble extractives portion comprises fatty acids, fatty alcohols, glycerol, alkanes or sterols. The solvent soluble extractives portion comprises antioxidants including alpha -tocopherol and/or policosanol. The solvent extractives portion further comprises phenolic compounds including p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and/or sinapic acid. Preferred Method: The method comprises producing a biofuel from the cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic portion of the switchgrass biomass. The solvent extraction process is a single solvent extraction process. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Fungicide; Antiinflammatory; Anorectic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The recombinant cell is: an algal cell including a red, green or brown alga or Phaeophyceae such as Chlamydomonas, Nannochloropsis or Phytophthora infestans cell; a plant cell such as corn, cannola, palm, soybean, peanut, or walnut cell; a bacterial cell such as Escherichia coli; an Archaeplastida, Rhizaria, Excavata or, Chromista, Alveolata cell; or Chlorophyta (green algae), Rhodophyta (red algae), Glaucophyta, Chlorarachniophytes, Euglenids, Bacillariophyceae (diatoms), Axodine, Bolidomonas, Eustigmatophyceae, Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Chrysophyceae (golden algae), Raphidophyceae, Synurophyceae, Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae), Cryptophyta, Dinofiagellates or Haptophyta cell. The polypeptide encodes a galactoglycerolipid lipase. Preferred Method: The method (M1) further comprises isolating TAG. The method (M2) further comprises isolating the oil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The carboxydotrophic acetogenic microorganism is Clostridium autoethanogenum, C. ljungdahlii, C. ragsdalei or C. coskatii.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The non-gaseous product is gasified to produce a syngas stream comprising carbon monoxide. At least a portion of the syngas stream is passed to the bioreactor. The method (II) further comprises: passing the gaseous substrate from the pyrolysis zone to a separation zone operated at conditions to provide a carbon dioxide rich stream and an enriched carbon monoxide and hydrogen gaseous substrate and passing the enriched gaseous substrate to the bioreactor; and prior to passing the biomass feedstock to the pyrolysis zone, the biomass feedstock is first passed to a torrefaction zone. The pyrolysis product is char and the char and the carbon dioxide rich stream are passed to a reaction zone to produce a second substrate stream comprising carbon monoxide, and passing the second substrate stream to the bioreactor. The exit gas stream is passed to a separation zone operated at conditions to provide a hydrogen rich stream. The pyrolysis product is pyrolysis oil and the hydrogen rich stream and the pyrolysis oil are passed to a hydrogenation zone operated at conditions to produce a hydrogenated product. In the method (III): the torrefaction process produces a gaseous by-product stream comprising carbon monoxide, and at least a portion of the gaseous by-product stream is passed to the bioreactor; and the char is passed to a gasification zone and gasified to produce a second gaseous substrate comprising carbon monoxide, and passing the second gaseous substrate to the bioreactor. Preferred Components: The gaseous substrate further comprises carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The biomass liquefaction process produces at least one non-gaseous product. The hydrogenated product is a hydrocarbon having 6-20 carbons. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lignin comprises a lignin building block of p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: contacting the reactor effluent with an aqueous solvent comprising at least one of water and glycol to remove any methanol or ethers contained in it to form an aqueous fraction having an increased concentration of methanol and ethers and a hydrocarbon phase comprising methane and ethylene, and feeding the hydrocarbon phase to the extractive distillation column as the at least a portion of the reactor effluent; at least one of contacting the reactor effluent with a caustic solution to separate at least a portion of carbon dioxide, contacting the reactor effluent with a molecular sieve dryer to separate at least a portion of water, recovering a reactor effluent having a reduced concentration of at least one of carbon dioxide and water, and feeding the reactor effluent having a reduced concentration of at least one of carbon dioxide and water as the at least a portion of the methanol-to-olefins reactor effluent to the extractive distillation column; and using at least a portion of the mixed refrigerant as a fuel. In the process, propane and/or propylene is/are used as a heat exchange medium in the first heat exchanger. The process comprises separating the cooled overheads vapor fraction to form a vapor fraction and a first overheads liquids fraction. Preferred Components: The absorbent comprises at least one 2-10C hydrocarbon. The absorbent consists essentially of propane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The homogenous fuel product comprises 5-40 (preferably 25-35) vol/vol.% water by volume of the alcohol (preferably ethanol) component. The fossil fuel component is petrol. The homogenous fuel product comprises substantially no surfactant. The alcohol component is ethanol (preferably bioethanol). Preferred Method: The ultrasonic energy is provided by at least one ultrasonic horn. The ultrasonic energy has a frequency of 15 to 500 (preferably 15-50, especially 24) KHz.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The fuel of fuel cell is methanol or methanol aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The batteries are formed of a material chosen from a group consisting of nickel cadmium, nickel-hydrogen, lithium ion, and vanadium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fuel cell is formed of solid polymer, and the battery is formed of lithium-polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: Waste is selected from domestic garbage, food factory waste, slaughtering plant, kitchen swill, pharmaceutical factory slag, livestock manure or rice. Biological agent is selected from emulsified bacteria or spore bacteria. Preferred Composition: Each ton of feed is added with L-tyrosine (20-30 kg), L-phenylalanine (10-30 kg), L-arginine (30-50 kg), citicoline (50-80 kg) and taurine (40-50 kg).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tartrate is potassium tartrate, potassium sodium tartrate, sodium tartrate, potassium hydrogen tartrate or monosodium tartrate. Concentration of tartrate is 10-15 mM, sodium hydroxide is 15-20 mM and copper sulfate is 1-5 mM. Preferred Methods: The stirring process is carried out at rate of 100-1000 revolutions per minute for 10-100 minutes. Heating condition is carried out at 60-100 degrees C for 30-120 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The double- membrane double-loop sewage treatment device further comprises anaerobic/anoxic cell membrane (5), aerobic cell membrane (6), anaerobic/anoxic cycle pump (8), aerobic cycle pump (9), anaerobic effluent valve (10), aerobic effluent valve (11), anaerobic circulation valve (12), aerobic circulation valve (13), blower (14) and anaerobic/anoxic circulation pump (15).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method includes coating 1000/ml microbial inoculum on lysogeny broth solid culture medium and culturing at 20-30 degrees C, preferably 30 degrees C and 150 revolutions/minute for 24-48 hours; and adding amplified microbial inoculum to biological carrier, stirring at 20-25 degrees C, preferably 20 degrees C for 30 minutes, and standing for 48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises mixing inorganic iron salt and activated carbon at weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:5, heating in deionized water at 100-120 degrees for 12-36 hours, rinsing with deionized water until washing liquid is clear, and drying; and filling carbon-based nano iron and microorganism in filter column, and adding inorganic nutrient and organic nutrient, in which dissolved oxygen concentration in filter column is 0.5 mg/L. Granular activated carbon preparation comprises mixing deionized water and carbon particles, heating and continuously boiling for 20-30 minutes, naturally cooling for 5-8 hours, washing precipitate with deionized water, and drying at 110-130 degrees C until constant weight. Preferred Components: The carbon-based nano iron comprises nano iron loaded on granular activated carbon. The inorganic salt contaminant is perchlorate, bromate and/or nitrate. The inorganic nutrient is nitrogen or phosphorus. The inorganic iron salt is ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ferric chloride heptahydrate, ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, or ferric sulfate nonahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic nutrient is methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Process: C4 liquefied gas recycling is processed by passing liquefied gas through a tower to remove methanol, metal cations, other impurities and C3 fraction. The obtained product is heated at 260-420 degrees C in a reactor. Catalyst is added to the obtained product to carry out isomerization reaction, where reactor pressure is 0.25-0.35 megapascal. The obtained product is cooled in a cooling tank. The obtained product is separated into gas and liquid. The obtained liquid product is stored in a tank and compressor gas products are entered into a stable tower to obtain the desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base is tertiary amine, sodium alkoxide or quaternary ammonium base. The alkali catalyst is sodium ethoxide or sodium methoxide. Preferred Process: The acidification is performed using acid catalyst chosen from sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The Michael addition reaction is performed using organic solvent chosen from methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and methylene dichloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of fuming sulfuric acid is more than 20 %mass, preferably 65 %mass. The concentration of fuming nitric acid is 86-98%, preferably 96-98%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: 2-Aryl benzothiazole derivatives (I) is prepared by taking aromatic hydrocarbon containing carbonyl derivative (II) and benzothiazole derivative (III) with copper salt and dimethyl sulfoxide in a container. The reaction is completed. The obtained product is cooled to room temperature. Ethyl acetate is added to the obtained product, and then mixed uniformly. The obtained product is washed and extracted. The obtained organic phase is combined. The obtained organic phase is dried. Dichloromethane is added to the obtained product. The obtained product is recrystallized using cold n-hexane to obtain 2-benzothiazole derivatives (I).R1 or R2=electron withdrawing group or electron donating group; andn1=n=0-1; andn2=m=0-1.Preferred Components: Copper salt is selected from copper acetate, copper (I) bromide, copper (II) sulfate, copper (I) oxide, copper (II) oxide or copper (II) chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Organic solvent is acetone, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran or methyl tert.-butyl ketone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Reducing is carried out at - 10-20 degrees C. Hydrogenating is carried out at 15-40 degrees C. Jones oxidation is carried out at ?10-20 degrees C. Preferred Components: Alcohol is methanol or ethanol. Organic solvent is acetone, dichloromethane or chloroform. Preferred Composition: Weight-to-volume-to-weight ratio of compound (II), alcohol and borohydride salt is 1:5-12:0.1-0.31. Weight-to-volume-to-weight ratio of compound (III), alcohol and palladium-carbon catalyst is 1:8-15:0.1-0.5. Weight-to-volume-to-volume ratio of compound (IV), organic solvent and Jones reagent is 1:5-10:1.0-2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Strong base is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, preferably aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Preferred Composition: Strong base solution concentration is 0-20 mol/L, preferably 6 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid is acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride perchloric acid and/or p-toluenesulfonic acid, preferably perchloric acid and/or acetic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The combustion improver is ferric oxide, magnesia, or coal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The desulfurizing agent is calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, or magnesium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The oil sludge has a water content of 3-10%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The kitchen garbage is crushed to a diameter of 10-50 mm. Dehydrating is carried out to squeeze 45-50% water. Drying is carried out at 250-30 degrees C to obtain 15-20% moisture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: Microalgal liquid has biomass density of 1-10 g/L. Microalgal liquid contains 10-70% oil content. Preferred Compositions: Microalgal liquid contains screened natural algae, physically and chemically mutagenized algae, and genetically modified transgenic algae. Microalgal contains green algae, diatoms, and cyanobacteria. Preferred Conditions: Microwave frequency is 2450 or 915 MHz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Volume ratio of chloroform and methanol is 1:1. Amount of bio-oil which is 14-22 carbon-containing fatty acid methyl ester oil is 50-80% of total biomass. Preferred Process: Biodiesel is subjected to quantitative analysis by adding 3.8-4.3 mg/ml internal standard which is C19:0 fatty acid methyl ester standard, and performing gas chromatography or mass spectrometry chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic salt culture medium comprises dipotassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate and magnesium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Concentration of glycine is 0.1-2 g/l and concentration of algae in liquid is 4 g/l. The pH of solution is adjusted by using hydrochloric acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Animal is selected from horse, cattle, sheep or pig.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Organic fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): water (30-80).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Organic fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): livestock manure (50-75). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: Sludge is treated using biological process. Preferred Components: Surface active agent (0.01-0.30 g) is utilized during sludge fermentation. Preferred Condition: Fermentation temperature is 28 degrees C. Solid-liquid separation for fermentation liquid is done by centrifugal force.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electrolyte is aqueous solution containing reducing agent. The electrolyte is sulfide-containing or iodide-containing aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electrode is platinum film, platinum network or platinum wire. The conductive substrate with light transmittance of 80-90% and sheet resistance of 7-14 ohms is fluorine tin oxide transparent conductive glass, indium tin oxide transparent conductive glass, stainless steel or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The urea contains 46% nitrogen. The monoammonium phosphate contains 12% nitrogen, and 46% phosphorus pentoxide. The potassium sulfate contains 51% potassium hydroxide. The trace element comprises 0.5 g zinc sulfate, and 0.5 g borax. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The mesh bag seedling container comprises 50 pts. wt. peat soil, 3 pts. wt. sawdust, 3 pts. wt. mushroom waste, 15 pts. wt. fermented rice husk, 15 pts. wt. carbonized rice hull, 3 pts. wt. corn cob, weight, 3 pts. wt. dogwood bark, 5 pts. wt. peanut skin, and 3 pts. wt. yellow soil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Preparation of the zinc oxide/cerium oxide composite oxide comprises preparing zinc oxide/cerium oxide composite oxide catalyst with atomic ratio of zinc and cerium 9:1 using homogeneous precipitation method, stirring at 333K, dropping aqueous solution of 1 mol/l zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 1 mol/l cerium nitrate hexahydrate into specific concentration of urea solution, aging for 10 hours at 363K, washing using deionized water, drying at 383K for 20 hours and calcining at 573K for 4 hours. The precursor obtained after drying is calcined for 4 hours at 533K in presence of air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Iodide is iodine, hydroiodic acid, iodine monochloride, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, calcium iodide or zinc iodide. Ferrate is sodium ferrate or potassium ferrate. Protonic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. The ratio of reaction material of salicylic acid, iodide, ferrate, and protonic acid is 1:1-3:1-2:3-10; the dosage of polar solvent is 3-20 times of weight of raw material salicylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is water, 1-5C alcohol, amides, acetonitrile, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide, preferably water, methanol, ethanol, and/or dimethyl sulfoxide; 1-5C alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tertiary butyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, cyclopentanol, glycol, and propanetriol; amide is formamide, N,N'-dimethyl formamide, and N,N'-dimethyl acetamide. Preferred Method: The reaction temperature is 20-120 degrees C, the reaction time is 2-15 hours. Preferred Definitions:    m = 1 or 2;    n = 2; and    x = 1, 2, or 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mole ratio of 1,4-butanediamine and cyanamide is 1: (1-2). The content of cyanamide in the cyanamide aqueous solution is 25-50 wt.%. Preferred Method: The addition reaction temperature is 50-90 degrees C. The addition reaction time is 10-30 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Additive comprises 88-90 pts. wt. corncob, 178-180 pts. wt. straw e.g. corn, Sorghum or rice, 44-50 pts. wt. sawdust, 92-95 pts. wt. rice hull, 105-110 pts. wt. fresh vegetable leaf, 130-135 pts. wt. gelatine, 40-42 pts. wt. maltogenic amylase, 4-7 pts. wt. xylose, 6-8 pts. wt. cellulase and 3-4 pts. wt. protease.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water are from coal, and/or carbonaceous material. Volume ratio of synthesis gas entering in 1st stage of reactor W1 to total amount of synthesis gas in all stages Wn is 1:(1-2). Volume ratio of synthesis gas entering in 1st catalyst bed layer to total amount of synthesis gas in all catalyst bed layers is 1:(0.5-2). Volume ratio Vn:Vn' is 1.3-2 and volume ratio Vn':W1 is 1-3. Molar ratio of hydrogen gas-3 mol carbon monoxide mixture to carbon dioxide is 3.5-4.5. Preferred Conditions: Inlet temperature of 1st catalyst bed layer is 250-400 degrees C, preferably 300-350 degrees C. Inlet temperature of catalyst bed layers except 1st catalyst bed layer is 450-600 degrees C, preferably 500-600 degrees C. Pressure of all catalyst bed layers is 3-5.5 MPa, preferably 3.5-5 MPa. Outlet temperature of final layer of catalyst bed is 600-700 degrees C, preferably 620-680 degrees C. Pressure and temperature of Vn' are 3.5-5.5 MPa and 20-200 degrees C, respectively. Preferred Parameters: Value of n is 2 and value of m is 2-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water are from coal, and/or carbonaceous material. Volume ratio of synthesis gas entering in 1st stage of reactor W1 to total amount of synthesis gas in all stages Wn is 1:(1-2). Volume ratio Vn:Vn' is 1.1-2 and volume ratio Vn':W1 is 1-4. Molar ratio of hydrogen gas-3 mol carbon monoxide mixture to carbon dioxide is 3.5-4.5. Volume ratio of reactor outlet stream Vn1 to Wn is 1.5-3.5. Preferred Conditions: Inlet temperature of 1st catalyst bed layer is 250-400 degrees C, preferably 300-350 degrees C. Pressure is 3-5.5 MPa, preferably 3.5-5 MPa. Outlet temperature of final layer of catalyst bed is 600-700 degrees C, preferably 620-680 degrees C. Pressure and temperature of Vn' are 3.5-5.5 MPa and 20-150 degrees C, respectively. Preferred Parameters: Value of n is 2-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The dry branches and fallen leaves are dry branches and fallen leaves collected during the environmental sanitation process of natural forests and plantations meeting the requirement of natural ecological forests. The solid fuel obtained after the direct-combustion or briquetting process has a water content of less than 25%. The dry branches and fallen leaves are made into a sheet material. Preferred Method: The method comprises directly using the dry branches and fallen leaves for cellulase enzymolysis, carrying out solid-liquid separation, where the resulting liquid is a solution of monosaccharide and the solid is enzymolysis residue containing lignin, which can be dissolved in ethanol or alkali, separating solid from liquid, carrying out acid precipitation of the resulting liquid to obtain lignin product, carrying out steam explosion pretreatment of the lignin product, degradation of hemicellulose, washing with water, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain monose solution, degrading hemicellulose, carrying out cellulase enzymolysis to the resulting solid, obtain cellulose degradation of monosaccharide, and then solid-liquid separation, dissolving the obtained solid enzymolysis residue in ethanol or alkali, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain lignin solution and carrying out acid precipitation to obtain lignin product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The block is a pellet or a briquette.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further includes: activating the char at high temperatures to produce activated carbon; washing the char to separate out a liquid acid solution and concentrating the solution to use again in step (c); trapping the steam in a condenser for reuse in the step of washing; activating the char to form activated carbon; and treating the char with alkali or metal salts having a dipole moment of greater than five to preferentially absorb microwave energy. The liquid acid solution is heated to a temperature of not less than 80 degrees C. The cellulosic material at step (b) is heated to not less than 120 degrees C. The granularizing provides particles having at least one dimension of substantially less than four millimeters. The step (c) is conducted in a vessel freely communicating with the atmosphere. The step of activating the char heats the char with microwave energy. Preferred Components: The liquid acid solution includes sulfuric acid and water. The liquid acid solution further includes phosphoric acid and metallic salt. The acid of the liquid acid solution is 70-90 vol.% of sulfuric acid and 10-30 vol.% of phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The feed stock further comprises less than 30%, preferably 10-20% moisture. The feed stock: has 5000-15000 BTU/lb, preferably 7000-11000 BTU/lb higher heating value, less than 0.5 wt.% sulfur, 40-80 wt.% volatile matter and less than 1 wt.% chlorine; and is comminuted and is densified in the form of a pellet. The component derived from waste stream has less than 10 wt.% ash. The engineered fuel feed stock has a ratio of hydrogen/carbon that is 0.09-0.14, oxygen and ratio of oxygen/carbon that is 0.3-0.6. The sorbent is sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, zinc ferrite, zinc copper ferrite, zinc titanate, copper ferrite aluminate, copper aluminate, copper manganese oxide, nickel supported on alumina, zinc oxide, iron oxide, copper, copper(I) oxide, copper(II) oxide, limestone, lime, iron, iron(II) oxide, iron(III) oxide, iron(II, III) oxide, iron filings, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate magnesium oxide, silica, alumina, china clay, kaolinite, bauxite, emathlite, attapulgite, coal ash, egg shells or calcium-montmorillonite. Preferred Method: The method (P1) further comprises optionally adding components to the selected MSW components of step (b) if the chemical molecular characteristics of the selected MSW components in step (b) do not fall within the chemical molecular characteristics of step (a). EXAMPLE - 4.63 wt.% Moisture, 73.14 wt.% volatile matter, 16.56 wt.% fixed carbon, 5.67 wt.% ash, 57.76 wt.% carbon, 7.34 wt.% hydrogen, 0.14 wt.% nitrogen, 18.93 wt.% oxygen, 3.5 wt.% sulfur, and 2.03 wt.% chlorine were shredded and mixed mechanically. Sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate was added. The mixture was densified water is added during the mixing or pelletization to obtain fuel feed stock.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The feedstock fuel comprises at least one of a hydrocarbon and carbon. The oxidant comprises at least one of steam, oxygen, and an oxygen-containing compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, the separation and recovery of carbon dioxide for further processing and/or final storage is carried out using an apparatus intended for purification of syngas. The apparatus of the BtL process is comprehensively used in carbon dioxide separation and recovery for further processing and final sequestration and in carbon dioxide liquefaction for circulating and treating non-condensing gas fractions and condensate, waste and cooling water flows generated in the process, and further for generating required thermal energy (29) in the BtL process for dehumidification of the carbon dioxide flow in the CCS process. The carbon dioxide flows (20, 21, 22) separated non-liquefying fractions (26) are returned to the BtL process in order to increase the yield of end products and/or improve the energy efficiency of the plant. The warm cooling water flows available from the carbon dioxide liquefaction step are used in the BtL process for drying biomass. The thermal energy taken to the dehumidification of carbon dioxide flow is advantageously received from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis step of the BtL process. The exhaust gas (23) emerging during the fill-up of the cargo tanks of a tank carrier is treated in the CCS process of the BtL plant. The condensate and wastewater system of the CCS process is connected to the system of the BtL plant. The cooling required in the carbon dioxide liquefaction step is accomplished using a common refrigeration machinery with the carbon dioxide separation step. The cooling water used in the CCS process is preheated to a temperature required in the process in the heat exchangers of a condensation turbine of the BtL plant. The syngas purification apparatus of the BtL process is employed for separation and recovery of carbon dioxide for its later processing and/or final sequestration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Emulsifier is neutral soap.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Nickel nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, cobalt nitrate and ammonium molybdate are used during preparation of catalyst. The molar ratio of nickel nitrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 2:1.5-2:3. The molar ratio of cobalt nitrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is 1:1.5-1:3. The molar ratio of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium molybdate is 1:1.5-1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Method of operating plant is performed by calculating melting point TAm of ash in composite fuel by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation, calculating amount of composite fuel from blend ratio of biomass and treated sewage sludge, calculating furnace temperature Tg of entrained bed gasification furnace by determining amount of oxygen in entrained bed gasification furnace, calculating amount of heat emitted by gasification gas generated at entrained bed gasification furnace from composition and amount of gasification gas after burning and gasifier air amount that can be determined by oxygen ratio, judging whether emitted heat amount satisfies operating conditions of internal combustion engine, performing previous processes at different blend ratios, and selecting blend ratio that satisfies operating conditions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Part of saccharified liquid is collected from reaction mixture at 20-60 mass% of area raw material decomposition ratio of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock. Enzyme and water are added to reaction mixture after collecting a part of saccharified liquid from reaction mixture during saccharification reaction advancing and saccharification reaction is restarted. Reaction mixture to a part of saccharified liquid is collected from reaction start in a pre-process or reaction is resumed after 6-30 hours. Pre-processing for improving enzyme activity is performed and lignocellulosic biomass feedstock which is water-containing state is used. Enzymes and saccharide in residue is collected after saccharified liquid collection.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The solid state fermentation substrate includes bran, bagasse, wood chips, and/or coir.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The gasifier is entrained bed-type gasifier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is mesh-like nickel metal accumulated with 1, 2 or more sheets. The mesh-like nickel metal is processed into roll shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The metal or metal salt is zinc, zinc sulfate, or its combination. The acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid. Preferred Process: Providing hydrogen gas and syngas in separate streams further involves condensing the metal vapor to obtain the metal, thus separating the syngas and metal vapor. The metal is reused in a continuous process. Formation of a metal oxide and/or carbon monoxide is substantially inhibited and/or the reaction of the acid and the metal pair is substantially complete. Water is added to the decomposed metal salt to form the acid. Preferred Parameter: The relatively low temperature is less than 1000 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble ash includes chlorine, chlorides, silica, silicates, metals, and/or its derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solution: The extraction solution comprises steam in saturated, superheated, or supersaturated form; hot water; and 0.01-10 wt.% acetic acid. Preferred Method: The process (M1) further involves between steps (d) and (e), concentrating the extract liquor in an intermediate evaporation stage at a pH of less than or equal to 4.8 to release vaporized acetic acid, and recycling at least a portion of the vaporized acetic acid derived from the intermediate evaporation stage back to the extraction solution; combusting the low-ash biomass, to produce power; co-combusting lignin with the low-ash biomass, to produce power; fermenting the hemicellulosic sugars to a fermentation product; distilling the fermentation product to produce a purified fermentation product and a distillation bottoms stream, introducing the distillation bottoms stream to a bottoms evaporation stage, to produce residual solids, then co-combusting at least a portion of the residual solids with the low-ash biomass, to produce power; and distilling the fermentation product to produce a purified fermentation product and a distillation bottoms stream, introducing the distillation bottoms stream to a bottoms evaporation stage, to produce residual solids, and then recovering the residual solids as a fermentation co-product in solid, liquid, or slurry form for use as a fertilizer or fertilizer component. The effective hydrolysis conditions in step (e) include hydrolysis in the presence of heat and acetic acid. The evaporation stage in step (f) is controlled at a pH of 3-4.8. The process (M1) involves pelletizing the dewatered solids, optionally with lignin as a binder. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolytic cell for reductive reaction contains a carbon-dioxide absorber comprising an ionic liquid or amine structure. The electrolytic cell is tubular-shape. The laminate is flat form.The laminate further contains an electrolytic cell provided with electrolytic cell for an oxidation reaction positioned at oxidation-catalyst layer side separated and electrolytic cell for a reductive reaction positioned at electrode side, substrate (11), and through-hole which moves ion the oxidation-catalyst layer side and reduction catalyst layer side and penetrates the laminate, and has a circulation mechanism which circulates ion in the electrolytic cell and the ion-transfer path. The ion-transfer path contains an ion-exchange membrane, and is an electrolytic cell flow path connected to the electrolytic cell. The area ratio of the opening portion in the laminate is 40% or less. Preferred Process: A protective layer comprising a dielectric material is formed on the inner surface of the through-hole. Preferred Properties: The open circuit voltage of the semiconductor layer is more than the difference of standard oxidation reduction potential of the oxidation reaction which arises in the oxidation-catalyst layer and standard oxidation reduction potential of the reductive reaction which arises in the reduction catalyst layer. The through-hole has equivalent circular diameter of 1 mu m or less, and period width of 3 mu m or less. The through-hole is in taper-shape, in which an equivalent circular diameter is less toward the entrance plane side of light to the back surface side.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon compounds are carbon monoxide, formic acid, methanol, and/or methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pH value is adjusted by adding citric acid or sodium hydroxide. The water used in the production process is reusable water or wastewater.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises introducing waste water into anaerobic reactor, decomposing high concentration organic matter granules in granular sludge of self-assembled methanogens up to 60-95% and removing the organic matter in the form of methane gas and carbon dioxide. The methane gas generated in step (i) is used for supplying energy to the boiler to generate steam, which is used as heating source for anaerobic reaction vessel. In the step (i), the organic matter load volume is 5-10 kg chromium chemical oxygen demand (CODCr)/m 3/day. The anaerobic reactor is connected to a buffer tank. The method comprises introducing the waste water into the buffer tank, adjusting pH and then passing the pH adjusted water to the anaerobic reactor lower part through its lower outlet. The anaerobically treated water is introduced into aerobic tank and 1,4-dioxane and remaining organic matter are removed by extended aeration or submerged membrane. In the step (ii), the amount of aerobic microorganisms (MLSS) is maintained at 4000-10000 mg/L and organic to microbial dose ratio is maintained at less than 0.3 kgCODcr/kg MLSS/day. The step (ii) utilizes submerged membrane, organic film or ceramic flat membrane in the aerobic tank.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The cermet is composite of ion-conductive electrolyte material, and nickel, nickel alloy and/or iron-based alloy. The ion-conductive electrolyte material is chosen from yttria-stabilized zirconia, scandia-stabilized zirconia, gadolinium doped-ceria, samarium doped-ceria, lanthanum gallate, strontium cerate, barium cerate, barium zirconate, calcium zirconate, strontium ziconate, lanthanum zirconate and lanthanum cerate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous scaffold contains metal, cermet, or electroconductive metal oxide. The metal is chosen from nickel, nickel alloy and iron-based alloy. The electroconductive metal oxide is chosen from manganese ferrite, perovoskite-based oxide, lanthanum strontium ferrite, lanthanum strontium manganite, lanthanum strontium chromite, lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite, manganese oxide spinel ferrite and nickel ferrite. The gas separation membrane is hydrogen separation membrane or oxygen separation membrane. The hydrogen separation membrane contains yttria-stabilized zirconia, scandia-stabilized zirconia, gadolinium doped-ceria, samarium doped-ceria and/or lanthanum gallate. The oxygen separation membrane contains strontium cerate, barium cerate, barium zirconate, calcium zirconate, strontium ziconate, lanthanum zirconate and/or lanthanum cerate. The metal is chosen from silver, palladium, gold and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The shaped body is made of an electrically non-conductive plastic by injection molding and polycarbonate, preferably bisphenol A.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the fermentation residue conversion process is gasification and/or anaerobic digestion. The step (ii) includes drying the wet fermentation residue and subjecting the fermentation residue to gasification to generate synthesis gas or fuel gas of furnace coal gas. The wet fermentation residue is dried through machinery drying and thermal drying-mixing technique. In the machinery drying, the moisture content in the wet fermentation residue is reduced from 80% to 50%, and in the thermal drying the moisture content is reduced to 20%. The fuel gas is subjected to processing before introducing into the engine or the fuel turbine, where the tar content is reduced to 30 mg/Nm3, benzene content is reduced to 2 g/Nm3, naphtha content is reduced to 4 mg/Nm3 and particulate matter content is reduced to 1 mg/Nm3. The dry fermentation residue is gasified in a fixed bed gasifier. The dry fermentation residue is gasified in a fluidized bed gasifier. The anaerobic digestion of wet fermentation residue produces fuel gas of marsh gas and wet digestion residue, the wet digestion residue and/or the wet fermentation residue is dried and subjected to gasification to generate synthesis gas or fuel gas of furnace coal gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pre-heater is a static mixer, and is made of stainless steel inner cross piece. The outside is wrapped with a heating wire and a temperature control meter for automatically controlling temperature. The tube-type reactor is a spiral tube, where the flow pattern of the medium tube is plunger flow, and is made of stainless steel. The external part is winded with the electric furnace wire for heating, a temperature control meter for controlling reaction temperature, and a pressure sensor for measuring pressure. An outlet valve is installed for controlling the pressure of the reaction process. The gas-liquid separator is cylindrical, and made of stainless steel. The pressure reducing rectifying tower is a stainless steel filler tower, and the methanol rectifying tower is stainless steel filler tower.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The palm oil is replaced by palm soapstock or palm oil saponins.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: In first step, culture in the culture medium is: 1% yeast extract, 1.5% peptone, 0.5 % glucose, 0.5 % NH4C12, 0.5% K2HPO4, and the rest is water, the culture medium by sterilizing at high temperature of 121 degrees C for 20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal compound is NaOH, KOH, LiOH or alcoholate. The reducing agent is borane or borohydride-Lewis acid reducing system. The borohydride-Lewis acid reduction system is potassium borohydride and magnesium chloride system, potassium borohydride and lithium chloride system, potassium borohydride and sodium bromide system, potassium borohydride and potassium bromide system, potassium bromide, potassium borohydride and Br2 system, potassium chloride system, potassium borohydride and magnesium chloride system, sodium borohydride and lithium chloride system, sodium borohydride and sodium bromide system, sodium borohydride and potassium bromide system, sodium bromide, and sodium borohydride and Br2 system, or sodium borohydride and aluminum chloride system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves filtering the collected excrement using 200 meshes sieve. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparing the compound (I), involves extracting the compound (I) from the stems, leaves, or fruits of Akebia quinata (Thumb.), Akebia trifolia (Thumb.) Koidz or Akebia longeracemosa matsumura. Preferred Components: The organic acid is 1-4C organic acid or benzene ring-containing 6-10C organic acid. The organic alcohol is 1-4C organic alcohol or benzene ring-containing 6-10C organic alcohol. ACTIVITY - Antidiabetic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ratio of ammonium chloride and phosphoric acid is 1:1.5-1:2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The fluidized bed reactor is at 200-450 KPa and 220-300 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Supported catalyst is prepared by mixing boron trifluoride (BF3) or phosphoric acid, and phosphorus tungstate or silicon tungstate at molar ratio silicon:tungsten of 1:0.1-0.5 at 60-80 degrees C, impregnating solution in 80-90 mass% carrier for 12-48 hours, drying at 120 degrees C for 6-12 hours, and calcining at 450 degrees C for 3-6 hours. Preferred Components: Carrier is aluminum oxide, silicon diatomite or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Gaseous hydrocarbon is methane, ethane, propane or butane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: Acoustic reactor and condenser use stainless steel material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The livestock manure is chicken excrement, duck excrement, goose manure, pig manure, sheep manure or dairy cow excrement. Crop waste is peanut vine, straw or rice bran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The composite microbial bacteria is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis or photosynthetic bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium hydrogen carbonate or phosphate. Inorganic phosphate fertilizer is calcium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate. Inorganic fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Microelement is manganese, silicon, boron, zinc, iron or magnesium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fulvic acid is sodium fulvate or fulvate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is kaolin or light calcium carbonate. ACTIVITY - Pesticide; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Fischer-tropsch (FT) diesel-methanol-biodiesel fuel has 72 vol.%, preferably 82 vol.% FT diesel, 10 vol.%, preferably 5 vol.% methanol, 10 vol.% biodiesel and 8 wt.%, preferably 3 vol.% latent solvent, 57 vol.%, preferably 64 vol.% FT diesel, 20 vol.%, preferably 15 vol.% methanol, 10 vol.% biological diesel and 13 vol.%, preferably 11 vol.% latent solvent, or 43 vol.%, preferably 50 vol.% FT diesel, 30 vol.%, preferably 25 vol.% methanol, 10 vol.% biodiesel and 17 vol.%, preferably 17 vol.% latent solvent. Purity of methanol is 98-99%. Purity of latent solvent is not less than 99%. Latent solvent is n-octanol, isooctanol or heptanol. Preferred Processes: FT diesel is prepared by FT catalytic synthesis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The microbial compound fertilizer comprises 40 pts. wt. A. niger (CGMCC No.7927), and 20 pts. wt.B. subtilis (CGMCC No.7926). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The fertilizer comprises 20-50 pts. wt., preferably 40 pts. wt. A. niger culture (CGMCC No.7927), and 20-35 pts. wt., preferably 20 pts. wt. B. subtilis culture (CGMCC No.7926).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The A. niger culture (CGMCC No.7927) is prepared by inoculating spores in a fermentation solid compound, culturing at 30 degrees C, low temperature fluidized bed drying at 45 degrees C, and crushing. The B. subtilis culture (CGMCC No.7926) is prepared by transferring a seed liquid culture from slant B. subtilis culture, fermenting, centrifuging to obtain wet cells broth, vacuum-concentrating at 50% of the original volume, adding vector, mixing, adding a carrier comprising 30 pts. wt. calcium carbonate and 15 pts. wt dextrin, where the weight ratio of the concentrate and the carrier is 0.6:1, and fluidized bed drying at 50 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The microbial fertilizer comprises 20 pts. wt. A. niger (CGMCC No.7927), 4 pts. wt. B. megaterium, 15 pts. wt. L. plantarum (CGMCC No.7928), and 30 pts. wt. B. subtilis microbial inoculum (CGMCC No.7926). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The micro-ecological fertilizer comprises 20 pts. wt., preferably 25 pts. wt. B. subtilis; 25 pts. wt., preferably 20 pts. wt. A. niger culture; and 15 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. L. plantarum agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The A. niger is A. niger L1-2013-03 (CGMCC 7927). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The microecological compound fertilizer comprises 6 pts. wt., preferably 5 pts. wt. Aspergillus niger (CGMCC 7927) culture; 5 pts. wt., preferably 7 pts. wt. glial bacterium Bacillus spores; 5 pts. wt., preferably 6 pts. wt. large solubilizing bacterium Bacillus spores; 10 pts. wt., preferably 12 pts. wt. Bacillus subtilis culture; 6 pts. wt., preferably 6 pts. wt. Aspergillus awamori culture; and 3 pts. wt., preferably 2 pts. wt. Lactobacillus agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The B. subtilis is B. subtilis (CGMCC 7926). The B. subtilis culture is prepared by transferring fermentation liquor from slant culture of B. subtilis into access fermenter; fermenting; filtering to obtain fermentation broth; and drying to obtain culture of B. subtilis. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method also involves adding animal manure with straw or sawdust shavings to control moisture content at 55-65%. It further involves stacking raw material into pile at 1-3 m wide and 1 m high; and fermenting at 50 degrees C; turning stacked pile once every 3 days for greater than or equal to 3 times.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermenting bacteria A or B is mixed strain of A. chroococcum, large B. megaterium spores, and S. microflavus at mass ratio of 1:1:1. The amount of fermenting bacteria A or B added is 1-3 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The amount of clay added is 1 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The livestock manure includes cow, sheep, pig, dog, and/or cat feces. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first pre-dipping solution comprises sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide at mass ratio of 1:8. The second dipping solution further comprises 1 wt.% ammonium hydroxide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The first adjustment of pH is carried out by using ammonium hydrogen carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The methane bacteria is photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Actinomycetes bacteria, and/or filamentous bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace element is 1-2 wt.% ferrous sulfate, 1-2 wt.% magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 wt.% zinc sulfate, 0.5-1 wt.% boric acid, and/or 0.2-0.5 wt.% ammonium molybdate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sugarcane molasses comprises 25 pts. wt. water, 18.8 pts. wt. sucrose, 13 pts. wt. invert sugar syrup, 8 pts. wt. nonsugar organic matter, 2 pts. wt. nonfermentable sugar, 4 pts. wt. colloid, 7.1 pts. wt. sulfated ash, 2.5 pts. wt. protein, 0.12 pts. wt. phosphoric acid, 25 pts. wt. soluble gums, 38 pts. wt. carbohydrates, 6 pts. wt. aconitic acid, 4 pts. wt. citric acid, 6 pts. wt. malic acid, 5 pts. wt. succinic acid, 4.5 pts. wt. steroids, 5.5 pts. wt. pigment, and 6 pts. wt. vitamins. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is kaolin or calcium carbonate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Compositions: The nutritional additive comprises 0.1-0.2 pt. wt. rhizoma atractylodis oil, 0.4-0.5 pt. wt. bamboo charcoal, 0.3-0.4 pt. wt. magnesium sulfate, 2-3 pts. wt. rhizoma ligustici wallichii, 1.8-2 pts. wt. fenugreek, 1.4-1.7 moth, 3-4 pts. wt. butterfly bush, 1-2 pts. wt. couch grass and 8-10 pts. wt. quartz sand. Preferred Method: The nutritional additive is prepared by taking rhizoma ligustici wallichii, fenugreek, moth butterfly bush, couch grass and quartz sands, crushing, adding remaining raw materials, and mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Compositions: The nutritional additive comprises 0.1-0.2 pt. wt. rhizoma atractylodis oil, 0.4-0.5 pt. wt. bamboo charcoal, 0.3-0.4 pt. wt. magnesium sulfate, 2-3 pts. wt. rhizoma ligustici wallichii, 1.8-2 pts. wt. fenugreek, 1.4-1.7 moth, 3-4 pts. wt. butterfly bush, 1-2 pts. wt. couch grass and 8-10 pts. wt. quartz sand. Preferred Method: The nutritional additive is prepared by taking rhizoma ligustici wallichii, fenugreek, moth butterfly bush, couch Grass and quartz sands, crushing, adding remaining raw materials, and mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Compositions: The nutritional additive comprises 0.1-0.2 pt. wt. yellow wormwood oil, 3-4 pts. wt. rhizoma polygonati, 4-5 pts. wt. fructus schisandrae, 3-4 pts. wt. semen psoraleae, 2.5-3 pts. wt. cactus, 0.7-0.8 pt. wt. potassium fulvate, 0.5-0.7 pt. wt. ammonium nitrate, 4-5 pts. wt. calcium feldspar powder, 13-15 pts. wt. black soil and 2-3 pts. wt. green Chinese onion. Preferred Method: The nutritional additive is prepared by taking green Chinese onion, adding water, pulping, filtering, taking rhizoma polygonati, fructus schisandrae, semen psoraleae, cactus, calcium feldspar powder and black soil, adding green Chinese onion juice, mixing for 10-12 hours, crushing, adding remaining raw materials, and mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate. Alcohol is anhydrous ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Crushed municipal solid waste is mixed with bentonite and coal powder. Mixed municipal domestic garbage and bentonite are extruded into garbage forming rod having diameter of 10-60 mm. Municipal solid waste is roughly sorted before crushing. Preferred Parameters: Crushed municipal solid waste has particle size of 10-100 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Bentonite has particle size of 180-120 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Coal powder has particle size of less than or equal to 2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The sorting process includes sieving out bone charcoal and bone charcoal powder by automatic spin screening, and then picking out the impurities to obtain bone charcoal and bone charcoal powder. The degreasing process includes using benzene liquid to extract the bone grease by oil extraction method. The degumming process hydrolyzing raw gum in bone into collagen at 1300 degrees C and under high pressure, washing with hot water, to form glue, concentrating into thick glue using vacuum evaporation; and drying the bone residue and sieving. The oil extraction method placing benzene in a closed operating environment, and evaporating benzene vapor. Preferred Components: The size of the crushed bone pieces are 1-8 cm. The fat content of degreased bone material is 0.3-0.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing MFC in a protic organic anodic oxidation unit through aerobic MBR until reaches 0.5-1 cm thick carbon with electrons and oxygen combine to form water, eliminating MFC, and performing feedback inhibition of microbial activity for producing electricity problems. The method involves removing MFC remaining after anodic oxidation of organic matter with water through thickness of 0.5-1 cm aerobic MBR reaches the carbon, and further removing aerobic mineralization. The surface thickness biofilm formation is 0.5-1 cm with good nitrogen removal effect. The MBR membrane module as both MFC cathode to provide electrostatic repulsion between the membrane surface and MBR membrane surface contaminants, and effectively alleviates membrane fouling. The method involves replacing ordinary MFC proton exchange membrane using 0.5-1 cm thick carbon, and greatly reducing cost of system construction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding the sludge having mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration of 4000-6000 mg/l from short-range nitrification process into the nitrous oxide reactor, feeding 20-50 vol.% water into the reactor for 2-5 minutes, aerating the reactor comprising adding dissolved oxygen concentration of 4-5 mg/l, then raising the dissolved oxygen concentration of 8 mg/l, adding the sodium carbonate solution into the aerated reactor to control the pH value to 7-8, then precipitating for 10-30 minutes, draining 20-50 vol.% of the reactor, idling the reactor for 30-60 minutes, and aging the sludge in the reactor for 40-50 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Modified fungi-type sludge particle is prepared by dehydrating and drying in which water is refrigerated at 4 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves performing modification after and before dehydrating and drying, placing in water and refrigerating at 4 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves adding water to the fertilizer in a dilution ratio of 1:1.5 and directly applied to flowering plants. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (a) is performed by soaking sawdust in clean water for 3 hours, and then mixing with compost. The carbon/nitrogen value is 25. The water content of the compost is 65%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus and Acetobacter in weight ratio of 1.8:1.8:1.8:1:1:1:1:1. Preferred Composition: Biofertilizer comprises (in pts.wt.): potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-2), boric acid (0.1-0.05), ferrous sulfate (0.1-0.05), copper sulfate (0.1-0.05), calcium nitrate (0.2-0.1), magnesium sulfate (0.1-0.05), zinc sulfate (0.1-0.05), magnesium sulfate (0.1-0.05), acid amide (0.01-0.005), phosphoric acid diamine(15-20) and potassium sulfate (15-20). Preferred Process: Biological fertilizer is diluted with 800-1000 times of liquid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Composite fertilizer comprises (in pts.wt.):ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (20), EDTA calcium fertilizer (0.0004),EDTA magnesium fertilizer (0.0001), magnesium sulfate (0.0005), EDTA iron fertilizer (0.02), EDTA zinc fertilizer (0.01), zinc sulfate (0.01), EDTA copper fertilizer (0.01), EDTA manganese fertilizer (0.01), manganese sulfate (0.01), boric acid (0.15), ammonium sulfate (0.0004), Bacillus thuringiensis liquid, (44), Bacillus megaterium liquid (23), Bacillus mucilaginosus liquid (23) and Streptomyces jingyangensis liquid (3). Preferred Components: Composite fertilizer comprises Bacillus thuringiensis (CGMCC1.223), Bacillus megaterium (CGMCC CGMCC1.223). Bacillus mucilaginosus (CGMCC CICC23575). Streptomyces jingyangensis (CGMCCGIM4.92). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus. The fertilizer comprises citric acid, tartaric acid or malic acid, 0.1-0.5 parts polyacrylic acid, 0.1-0.5 parts zinc sulfate, 0.02-0.1 parts ferrous sulfate, 0.05-1 part magnesium silicate, 0.1-0.2 parts zinc oxide, 0.01-0.05 parts sodium humate, 0.1-3 parts calcium carbonate, 0.1-2 parts attapulgite, 0.5-3 parts activated carbon, 0.5-1 parts borax, 0.1-1 parts polyacrylamide, and 0.005-0.01 parts biomass inducing material. The straw is rice straw, rice hull, wheat straw or peanut shell. The clay is attapulgite and/or silicon. The heavy metal ion chelating agent is chosen from EDTA, chitin, sodium humate, glucose acid and citric acid. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mole ratio of fluorine-containing alcohol to fluorinated olefin to alkaline compound to solvent is 1:1:5-15:9-11, preferably of 1:7-10:9.7:10.2. The alkali compound is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, caesium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, potassium fluoride, caesium fluoride or lithium fluoride. The fluorine-containing alcohol is of formula (RfCH2OH). The solvent is dichloromethane, chloroform, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile or propionitrile. The fluorinated olefin is hexafluoropropylene, tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride or chlorotrifluoroethylene.Rf = 1-8C fluoroalkyl, CF3-, CF3CF2-, CF3 (CF2)2, CF3(CF2)3, CF3(CF2)4, CF3(CF2)5, CHF2CF2, CHF2(CF2)3 -, CHF2(CF2)5-, (CF3)2 CF- or (CF3)2 CH.Preferred Method: The heating and stirring steps are carried out at temperature of -15 degrees C to 15 degrees C or - 35 degrees C to 35 degrees C and pressure of -0.09 MPa to 0.10 MPa or -0.07 MPa to 0.05 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is toluene, n-hexane or dichloromethane, preferably dichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali is potassium carbonate, potassium ethoxide or potassium hydroxide. The acid is acetic acid, formic acid or oxalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The filtering step is carried out at temperature of 10-30 degrees C. Preferred Components: The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol or N,N-dimethyl formamide. The ratio of the oteracil potassium crude product, water and organic solvent is 1 g:10-12 ml:10-12 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking agent is diene or triene crosslinking agent. The pore-forming agent is toluene, chloroform or methylene dichloride. The initiator is organic peroxide or azo compound material. The dispersant is polyethylene alcohol 1750 and/or polyvinyl alcohol 1799, where the mass ratio of polyethylene alcohol 1750 and polyvinyl alcohol 1799 is 0.33-3:1.The method involves cleaning micro-sphere using acetic acid and/or ethanol; and washing separation column using a organic solvent including acetonitrile, acetone, and/or butyl acetate, and where the eluent is mixed liquid of ammonium hydroxide and methanol/ethanol. The diene cross-linking agent is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and the triallyl crosslinking agent is trimethylolpropane trimethyl acrylic ester. The peroxide is benzoyl peroxide, and the azo compound is azodiisobutyronitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: HPLC separation is carried out at 25 degrees C with wavelength of 265 nm and flow rate of 10-20 mL/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Macroporous resin column is DA-201 or D101 macroporous resin column.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The weight ratio of the P.polyphylla, and aqueous solution of ethanol is 1:4-6. The filtration process is performed by using ceramic membrane filter. The crystallization process is performed at 0-4 degrees C. The weight ratio of the dried mixture and aqueous solution of ethanol is 1-4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Bottomless biogas tank cover is made of flexible anti-corrosive plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves simulating waste (pH 7.5) comprising 4.6 g/l glucose, 1.5 g/l sodium acetate, 3.5 g/l sodium chloride, 2.4 g/l heptahydrate magnesium sulfate, 2.6 g/l ammonium chloride, 6.5 mg/l cadmium (cadmium hydrogen nitrate), and 7.5 mg/l potassium phosphate. The liquid LB culture medium comprises 10 g/l peptone, 3 g/l yeast extract, and seawater with the salinity of 3.5%. The method involves centrifuging at 10000 rpm. The Pseudoalteromonas sp. is washed using deionized water to obtain bacteria sorbent, adding 5-20 mg/l strain adsorbent into cadmium-containing waste water, at 25 degrees C to perform absorbing treatment for 24 hours, separating cadmium by adsorbing using 10 mmol/l disodium -EDTA, processing at 25 degrees C for 24 hours, and centrifuging to separate the strain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Garbage is crushed before feeding to bioreactor. Anaerobic environment in bioreactor is formed by collecting produced methane in bioreactor. Aeration time and frequency are reset by detecting current oxygen content in bioreactor, calculating oxygen consumption rate, lowering number of aeration process and aeration time when oxygen consumption rate is greater than or equal to 10%, and maintaining aeration time and number of aeration process when oxygen consumption rate is unchanged. Oxygen consumption rate is calculated by subtracting detected current oxygen content from oxygen content in air, dividing difference by oxygen content in air, and multiplying quotient to 100 and is represented in equation (m=(O2(0)-O2(1)) divide by O2(0)x 100%). Garbage degradation treatment is performed by filtering water liquid from reactor, performing nitrogen removal treatment, and performing garbage stabilization treatment in which m is oxygen consumption rate, O2(0) is oxygen content in air, and O2(1) is detected current oxygen content. Preferred Components: Aeration environment has aerobic layer on upper layer and anoxic layer as middle layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermentation inhibitor comprises sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the straw used is corn straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, or cotton straw. In the step (i), straw pre-processing method uses machinery grinding method or steam blasting. In the step (ii), the solid-liquid mass ratio of straw and dilute sulfuric acid is 1:10-20. In the step (iii), the inoculating amount of yeast in the material is 0.5-1.5%. In the step (iv), the anaerobic bacteria used for producing marsh gas after fermentation is lactic acid bacteria and methane bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves adding 5-10 times hot water to the tartary buckwheat, boiling the mixture at 80-90 degrees C for 1-10 minutes, and subjecting the mixture to inactivation treatment of rutin degrading enzyme. The inactivation treatment of rutin degrading enzyme is performed by reducing water temperature to 40-60 degrees C and then performing ultrasonic extraction for 30-40 minutes. The amount of water added in the step (a) is 35-45 times and then the amount of water is reduced to 0.4-0.6 times. The step (a) involves dividing water into 3 times, where the first time dosage is 60 vol.% water, the second time dosage is reduced to 50 vol.% water and further adding remainder water, and the third time dosage is reduced to 50 vol.% water and then adding remainder water, to the tartary buckwheat. The step (a) involves allowing the mixture at static condition for more than 4 hours after boiling the mixture and then filtering the mixture. The method further involves diluting the paste by adding 400-600 times water to the paste obtained in the step (b), performing ultra-high temperature instant sterilization, packaging the obtained product at 120-150 degrees C for 2-8 seconds, and subjecting the product to pasteurization at (i) 61-63 degrees C for 30 minutes, or (ii) 72-75 degrees C for 10-15 minutes. ACTIVITY - Anorectic; Hypotensive; Antilipemic; Hypoglycemic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Pretreated methanol to olefin reactants contain 45-65 mass% propane and lighter components, 35-55 mass% 4-8 carbon-containing hydrocarbon mixture, and 300-1500 ppm butadiene content. High pressure depropanization product flow contains 20-35 mass% propylene and propane, 65-80 mass% 4-8 carbon-containing hydrocarbon mixture, and 500-3000 ppm butadiene. Low pressure depropanization product flow contains 0.1-2 mass% propane, 98-99.9 mass% 4-8 carbon-containing hydrocarbon mixture, and 770-4600 ppm butadiene. Selectively catalytically hydrogenated 4-8 carbon-containing hydrocarbon mixture contains less than or equal to 10 ppm butadiene. Preferred Conditions: High pressure depropanization tower top operation temperature is - 20 degrees C to - 5 degrees C and high pressure depropanization tower operating temperature is 70-90 degrees C. Low pressure depropanization tower top operation temperature is - 5 degrees C-5 degrees C and low pressure depropanization tower operating temperature is 60-80 degrees C. Hydrogenation reactor operating temperature is 40-70 degrees C and operating pressure is 1.2-2 MPaG. Preferred Parameters: High pressure depropanization tower has feed flow rate of 45-65% and product feed flow of 35-45%. Low pressure depropanization tower has feed flow rate of 18-35% and product feed flow of 65-82%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The compaction device comprises at least one die modified to comprise an opening defining an inlet and an outlet. The compaction device is: a cuber; operated to provide residence time of the biomass as it passes through the die modified to comprise the opening with the residence time of 5-15 seconds; and operated to provide a compression ratio of at least 3:1. The cuber is fitted with at least one die that is modified to comprise an opening defining an inlet having a temperature of 80-140 degrees C, and an outlet having a temperature of 120-140 degrees C. The oven is a microwave oven (preferred), a conveyor oven, a convection oven and a radiant oven.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compacted torrefied biomass has a mass density of 1.1-1.2 g/cm3. The product has: a water uptake of 25-35 wt.%; and a friability index of 15-50 (preferably 15-30). The first stabilizer/conditioner component comprises a milling component and a sieving component. The milling component is a twin roll mill. The sieving component is a mesh screen. The second stabilizer/conditioner component is an oven. Preferred Method: The uncompacted torrefied biomass is sized to have an average particle size of less than 2 mm. The curing step comprises passing collected compacted torrefied biomass through an oven set at a temperature of 80-150 degrees C. The compacted torrefied biomass is heated in the oven at 80-150 degrees C for less than 5 minutes and 10-30 seconds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, carbon monoxide is extracted from the gases during the pyrolysis and used for the carbonylation of the toluene to p-tolualdehyde. The pyrolysis is carried out at 300-500 degrees C, preferably at 325-400 degrees C. EXAMPLE - Stock solution consisting 200 g p-tolualdehyde, 10 g of cobalt acetate and 1000 g of glacial acetic acid was charged into the reactor at a rate of 270 ml/hour. The reaction solution was thoroughly mixed by the stirrer and oxygen was blown while the temperature inside the reactor was maintained at 130 degrees C. The reaction was carried out at a reaction pressure of 3 kg/cm. The vapor phase portion was withdrawn from the reaction system at a rate of 5 l/hour to prevent the accumulation of the gas produced. The product slurry was then withdrawn at such a rate as the quantity of the contents of the reactor was kept constant to give terephthalic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process: the gas is to be clarified from tar-like components comprising organic compounds of more than 6 carbon atoms, preferably polycyclic aromatic compounds having 9-18C atoms; the gas is contacted with the polysiloxane at a contacting temperature of 30-150 degrees C, preferably 60-110 degrees C, at atmospheric contacting pressure, or at a corresponding higher temperature at higher pressure; and the polysiloxane, after the contacting with the gas, is heated to a temperature which is higher than the temperature of the contacting step and/or is depressurized to a pressure which is lower than the contacting pressure, preferably in the presence of a stripping gas, and is subsequently returned for a further contact cycle. In the process: at equal pressure, the higher temperature is at least 50 degrees C above the contacting temperature, preferably 80-120 degrees C above the contacting temperature, or at equal temperature, the lower pressure is at least 5.6 times, preferably 8-16 times lower than the contacting pressure; the gas, prior to contacting to the polysiloxane, is treated with a scrubbing liquid comprising aromatic hydrocarbons, at a temperature of 150-900 degrees C; the gas, prior to contacting to the polysiloxane, is subjected to an electrostatic filter and/or an aerosol scavenger; and the gas originates from the gasification of biomass, organic waste and/or coal. Preferred Components: The polysiloxane: comprises an average of 0.2-1.8 5-14C aryl groups per silicon atom; has an average of 0.5-1.5 5-10C aryl groups and 0.5-1.5 1-4C alkyl groups per silicon atom; has a molar weight of 700-7000 dalton; and is a polymethylphenylsiloxane or a poly-diphenyl-dimethyl-siloxane. The gas comprises at least one of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane or nitrogen, preferably at least 30 vol.% of at least one of hydrogen, methane or carbon monoxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Versatility metals are selected from aluminum, zinc, iron, nickel, tin, lead and copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder contains black liquor and/or starch containing lignin. The content of binder is 0.01-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass baked biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The biogas utilization system further contains a dew-point-hygrometer measure unit to measure the dew point of the dry biogas, and control unit. Based on the detection result of the dew-point-hygrometer measure unit, the amount of dry biogas and/or the pressure at the side of permeation are controllable using control unit. A carbon dioxide scrubber compartment is installed in the back stage of the separation-membrane-type dehumidifying apparatus, for purifying biogas, and is returned to the gas utilization unit. The line from the separation membrane-type dehumidifying apparatus is branched, and comprises line in which dry biogas is supplied to gas utilization unit, line in which carbon dioxide scrubber compartment is installed, and line in which biogas refined with the apparatus is supplied to another gas utilization unit. Hydrogen sulfide removal apparatus, siloxane removal apparatus, and/or carbon dioxide scrubber compartment is installed in the front stage of the separation-membrane-type dehumidifying apparatus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methane loss in biogas is 1% or less, in separation-membrane-type dehumidifying apparatus. Preferred Properties: The permeation lateral pressure force of the separation membrane type dehumidifying apparatus is pressure-reduced below the atmospheric pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first catalyst and/or second catalyst is a solid acid catalyst. The catalyst is a zeolite-based catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (c) the heated pyrolysis oil vapor is contacted with an aqueous composition comprising at least one alcohol and a first catalyst selected to catalyze the esterification of at least one component of the heated pyrolysis oil vapor. The step (a) comprises heating the biomass at 100-300 degrees C in an inert gas. The pyrolysis of step (b) is fast pyrolysis. In the method (M1) the step (b) further comprises (A1) fractionating the heated pyrolysis oil vapor into an aqueous phase and a nonaqueous phase by condensing the heated pyrolysis oil vapor and providing the nonaqueous phase for the cracking step (c). In the method (M2) the step (c) further comprises (A1) as above per se. Preferred Components: The alcohol is a primary alcohol, preferably methanol and/or ethanol. The biomass comprises lignocellulose. The product of the esterification comprises an ester comprising ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, or ethyl levulinate. EXAMPLE - 3 kg Of dry pine chips were placed in a reactor, and the reactor was placed in a single set point electric furnace. Then a low heating rate (8 degrees C/minute) was applied until the reactor reached a final internal temperature of 500 degrees C, and the evolved vapors were condensed in an ice bath vapor trap. The two-phase liquid obtained was separated in a separatory funnel to obtain a heavier, non-aqueous lower phase (bio-oil).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fuel further comprises 1-5 pts. wt. of coal powder. Preferred Method: The method further comprises mixing adding coal powder to the blended mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic digestion is carried out at 32-38 degrees C or 55-58 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic liquid fertilizer comprises 650 pts. wt. enzymatic supernatant, 7 pts. wt. chitosan, 75 pts. wt. nitrogen fertilizer, 45 pts. wt. phosphate fertilizer, 75 pts. wt. potassium fertilizer, 22 pts. wt. trace element and 1.5 pts. wt. natural surfactant. The natural surfactant comprises glucose, mannitol and lactitol at mass ratio of 2:1:2. Preferred Components: The nitrogen fertilizer having nitrogen content of 46% is urea. The phosphorus fertilizer having phosphorus content of 50% is monoammonium phosphate or calcium phosphate. The potassium fertilizer having potassium content of 50% potassium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The trace element comprises zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium borate and ammonium molybdate at mass ratio of 1:3:1:1.5:2:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The bio-fertilizer comprises 20-30% wine lees, 20-30% pig manure, 15-20% dairy manure, 15-20% chicken manure, 10-15% rabbit manure, 5-10% sugarcane leaves, 5-10% rice straw, and 5-10% straw, prepared by fermenting using saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria and aging. Preferred Method: The interplanting mode is: sugarcane field width is 1.6-1.8 m, each seedling emergence per acre is 2500-2800 section, and the watermelon plant spacing is 70-80 cm, each 400 per acre.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The sugarcane variety is ROC 22; and the watermelon variety is black beauty watermelon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The compost raw materials comprise 1 ton cow dung, 8 kg phosphate rock, 4 kg shrimp powder or crab shell powder, and 56 kg rotten rice straw. The agricultural pest parasite is Trichogramma. The protective plant is pepper and/or Amorpha fruticosa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant is herbaceous and/or woody plant. The herbaceous plant is crop straw, reed, silver grass, and/or bamboo. The crop straw is rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw, cotton straw, and/or sweet potato vine. The woody plant is leaves, bark, and/or sawdust.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The added water in biomass carbon is 50-200 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The plant is herbaceous and/or woody plant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises discharging to the gas phase, passing gaseous products into the water containing raw material carbon with water content of 0.5-3% at 0.l-2 MPa, purifying at 65-200 degrees C for 0.2-10 seconds, adsorbing, adding water and biomass charcoal mixture, and continuously discharging slurry.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The carbonization temperature is 750-880 degrees C and activation temperature is 700-800 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The raw materials are 5-20 %mass starch, 20-60 %mass phenolic resin, and 20-60 %mass coal powder. The phenolic resin is thermosetting resin. Starch is corn starch, cassava starch, potato starch, or wheat starch. The grain diameter of raw material is 10-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Rare-earth element is 2 elements from lanthanide series. Transition element is cobalt, nickel, and/or copper. Composite carrier contains aluminum oxide and silicon oxide. Water-repellent is alkaline-earth metal oxide and heat stabilizing agent is transition metal oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid is 45-55% and 50-68%, respectively. The main agent comprises 8-15 wt.% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 10-16 wt.% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 2-6 wt.% amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, 3-8 wt.% hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 30-50 wt.% potassium hydroxide and 30-50 wt.% sodium hydroxide. The weight ratio of main agent, ethanolamine and methanol is 1:0.08-0.18:15-25. Preferred Process: The usage method of composite catalyst involves mixing 5-10 wt.% crude raw material and methanol raw material with concentrated sulfuric acid, then carrying out esterification reaction, adding composite catalyst in reaction mixture, then separating methanol from the reaction mixture, aging the reaction mixture to separate fatty acid methyl ester layer, impurities and glycerol layer, and purifying the fatty acid methyl ester to obtain biodiesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Process: The method involves mixing gasoline and trichloroethylene (TCE) in molar ratio of 10:1with Ralstonia eutropha, and allowing the reactant mixture to stand for 48 hours to measure the reaction rate. The observation resulted that the production rate of TCE is more than other gasoline substrates such as benzene, toluene or phenol. The bacterial culture medium is an inorganic salt culture medium, where pH of the culture medium is adjusted to neutral acidic condition (pH = 5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Pumping temperature is 25 degrees C. Preferred Components: Ammonia stripping device is bubble type stripping device or packing tower.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The seed culture medium further comprises 0.5wt % brown sugar. The seed culture medium further comprises 30 kg dry chicken manure, 53.4 kg dry pig manure, 10 kg of 40 meshes rice hull powder, 0.1 kg lactose, 0.5 kg oligochitosan, and 6 kg wheat bran. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The plant fiber comprises crop straw, peanut shell, or weed. The crop straw comprises corn, peanut, or soybean. The egg shell is egg or duck egg shell. The poultry manure comprises chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, or goose manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The Trichoderma fermentation of straw comprises inoculating Trichoderma harzianum into culture medium i.e. potato-dextrose agar culture medium, culturing for 2 days, crushing straw and rice bran at 8:2 ratio into 20 mesh granule, adding 1% ammonium sulfate and 100% water, uniformly mixing, adding into T. harzianum-inoculated culture medium, culturing for 3 days, mixing, film covering, maintain the temperature at 40-50 degrees C, and fermenting for 3-5 days to obtain the product. The Trichoderma fermentation of vinegar lees comprises adding vinegar lees with chitosan oligosaccharide, maintaining water content at 45%, adding sugar, where ratio of sugar and vinegar lees is 1:300, piling, maintaining outdoor minimum temperature at greater than 10 degrees C, covering with plastic thin film, and fermenting for 15-20 days. The step of balancing acid comprises adding sodium carbonate to adjust the pH at 6.8-7.2. The method further comprises drying the fermentation material and crushing into fine granule. The ratio of straw and vinegar lees is 1:1. The straw and vinegar lees mixture is added with inorganic fertilizer comprising sodium selenite, urea, potassium sulfate, and diammonium phosphate at 5%, 25%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The straw Trichoderma fermentation comprises inoculating Trichoderma on potato-dextrose agar culture medium, culturing for 2 days, crushing straw and rice bran at 8:2 ratio into 20 mesh granule, adding 1% ammonium sulfate and 100% water, uniformly mixing, inoculating into Trichoderma-inoculated liquid culture medium, culturing for 3 days, piling, covering with film, maintaining the temperature at 40-50 degrees C, fermenting for 3-5 days, drying, crushing into fine powder of 40 mesh, and drying to 10% water content. The vinegar lees Trichoderma fermentation comprises collecting vinegar lees, adding chitosan oligosaccharide, maintaining water content at 45%, adding sugar, where sugar and vinegar lees ratio is 1:300, piling, maintaining outdoor minimum temperature at more than 10 degrees C, covering with plastic thin film, and fermenting for 15-20 days. The method further comprises adding sodium carbonate so that the pH is adjusted at 6.8-7.2, drying the fermentation material, and crushing into fine granule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer comprises 25 pts. wt. animal manure, 25 pts. wt. crop residues, 2 pts. wt. chitin, 10 pts. wt. dead moss, 19 pts. wt. cooked larch needles, 15 pts. wt. urea, 2 pts. wt. enzyme and 2 pts. wt. fermentation agent. The weight ratio of organic fertilizer and fermentation agent is 1:1. The weight ratio of animal manure and crop residues is 1:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The waste residue is sugar cane bagasse, sugar residue or bran residue. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The special fertilizer comprises 15 pts. wt. urea, 15 pts. wt. monoammonium phosphate, 15 pts. wt. potassium sulfate, 15 pts. wt. potassium chloride, 5 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 10 pts. wt. cake fertilizer, 2 pts. wt. borax, 2 pts. wt. peat, 2 pts. wt. enzymatic microorganism and balance additives. Preferred Components: The cake fertilizer comprises soybean cake, rapeseed cake, cotton seed cake, peanut cake and/or tea seed cake. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of purple sulfur bacteria and Bacillus subtilis is 3-5:1-3. Preferred Component: The amino acid residues are derived from monosodium glutamate production process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The particle size of organic acid particle having moisture content of less than or equal to 10% is 1.0-4.0 mm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The solid form fertilizer composition comprises 50-100 pts. wt. active humic acid, preferably 65-90 pts. wt., more preferably 80 pts. wt., 15-30 pts. wt. inorganic fertilizer, preferably 20-30 pts. wt., more preferably 25 pts. wt., 1-5 pts. wt. trace element fertilizer, preferably 2-4 pts. wt., more preferably 3 pts. wt., 0.05-1 pt. wt. tea saponin, preferably 0.1-0.5 pt. wt., more preferably 0.2 pt. wt., and 0.01-0.5 pt. wt. microbial fungicide, preferably 0.05-0.1 pts. wt., more preferably 0.08 pts. wt.. The solid form fertilizer composition further comprises 0.0005-0.1 pt. wt. biological insecticide, preferably 0.001-0.005 pt. wt., more preferably 0.005 pt. wt.. The liquid form fertilizer composition comprises 100-300 pts. wt. active humic acid, preferably 150-250 pts. wt., more preferably 200 pts. wt., 15-30 pts. wt. inorganic fertilizer, preferably 20-30 pts. wt., more preferably 25 pts. wt., 1-5 pts. wt. trace element fertilizer, preferably 2-4 pts. wt., more preferably 3 pts. wt., 0.05-1 pt. wt. tea saponin, preferably 0.1-0.5 pt. wt., more preferably 0.2 pt. wt., 0.01-0.5 pt. wt. microbial fungicide, preferably 0.05-0.1 pts. wt., more preferably 0.08 pts. wt.., and 200-500 pts. wt. water, preferably 200-400 pts. wt., more preferably 300 pts. wt.. The liquid form fertilizer composition further comprises 0.0005-0.1 pt. wt. biological insecticide, preferably 0.001-0.005 pt. wt., more preferably 0.005 pt. wt.. Preferred Component: The biological insecticide is spinosad or spinetoram. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of glyoxylic acid water solution is 40-50%. The mol ratio of glyoxylic acid and urea is 1:2.5-4, preferably 1:3-4. The catalyst is sodium bisulfate or sodium sulfite. The mol ratio of glyoxylic acid and catalyst is 1:0.02-0.05. Methanol is added at 1-2 times by volume of glyoxylic acid water solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of glyoxylic acid aqueous solution is 40-50 mass%. The mol ratio of glyoxylic acid and urea is 1:3-4.5, preferably 1:3.5-4. The mol ratio of glyoxylic acid and catalyst is 1:0.02-0.05. The amount of methanol is 1-2 times by volume of glyoxylic acid aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of glyoxylic acid aqueous solution is 40-50%. The mol ratio of glyoxylic acid and urea is 1:2.5-4, preferably 1:3-3.5. The mol ratio of glyoxylic acid and catalyst is 1:0.03-0.05. The amount of methanol is 1-2 times by volume of glyoxylic acid aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The inorganic alkali aqueous solution is sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. It is preferably 20-40 wt.% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mol ratio of compound (II), acetamidine hydrochloride, and triester orthoformate is 1:1.0-2.0:1.0-2.0, preferably 1:1.0-1.3:1.0-1.5. The solvent is isopropanol. The mass ratio of isopropanol and compound (II) is 3.5-5.5:1. The compound (II) is N-propyl carbamoyl propionitrile, preferably acetylaminopropionitrile or formylaminopropionitrile. The Lewis acid catalyst is anhydrous zinc chloride, anhydrous stannous chloride, copper chloride, cuprous chloride, boron trifluoride, iron dichloride, or ferric trichloride. The reaction container is heated at 80-90 degrees C. The inorganic alkali alcohol solution is sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide alcohol solution, where alcohol is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, or tert-butyl alcohol. It is preferably 20-35 wt.% sodium hydroxide methanol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is methylene dichloride, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile or tert-butyl alcohol. Additive is zinc fluoroborate, acetic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Preferred Compounds: If compound (I) is omeprazole,R1, R2, R3=H; andR4=OCH3.If compound (I) is lansoprazole,R1=H;R2=CH2CF3;R3=CH3; andR4=H.If compound (I) is rabeprazole,R1=H;R2=(CH2)3OCH3;R3=CH3; andR4=H.If compound (I) is pantoprazole,R1=H;R2=CH3;R3=OCH3; andR4=CHF2.If compound (I) is ilaprazole,R1=H;R2, R3=CH3; andR4=-2-yl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and trifluoroacetic acid. Alkali is inorganic alkali or organic alkali. Inorganic alkali is sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and ammonium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Organic solvent is chloroform, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, benzene, toluene and dimethylbenzene. Organic alkali is triethylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The glucose vinyl ester is separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography using eluent ethyl acetate, methanol and water in volume ratio of 17:3:1. Preferred Composition: The initiator is azodiisobutyronitrile. The solvent is anhydrous ethanol. The amount of glucose vinyl ester and N-isopropyl acrylamide in ethanol solution is 2-3 mol/L. The molar ratio of glucose vinyl ester and isopropyl acrylamide in glucose vinyl ester/isopropyl acrylamide copolymer is 1:5-1:25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The co-solvent is chosen from t-butanol, isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, fiber cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is mixture of pig oleic acid and ammonium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, triethanolamine and Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan laurate). The sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate is sodium octadecyl benzene sulfonate. The combustion improver is oil-soluble nano ferrocene, calcium naphthenate, iron naphthenate, cerium naphthenate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The particle size of the waste tire granules is 40-80 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oiliness agent is cottonseed oil. The antiwear agent is chlorinated paraffin 42. The extreme-pressure agent is boron phosphate compound. The antioxidant comprises composite of 40-60 %mass 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol and 60-40 %mass dialkyldiphenylamine. The friction modifier comprises a composite of 40-60 %mass ethyl oleate and 60-40 %mass lanolin compound. The reinforcing agent is iosbutane sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The defoamer is ethylsilicone oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transesterification catalyst is alkali metal substance, alkaline-earth metal substance, lipase, inorganic acid or organic acid. The alkali metal substance is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide. The inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfonic acid. The alkaline-earth metal substance is lime, limestone, slag, fly ash or coal slag.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol. The organic acid is sulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst used is organic titanate catalyst. The content of catalyst is 0.05-1 wt.%. The extracting agent is mixture of glycerol and ethanol in weight ratio of 5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Apparatus: The system further comprises compressor and reboiler. The plate number of plate column is 5-100 blocks.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of acid catalyst is 0.1-20%. The molar ratio of poor grade oil and alcohol substance is 1:(3-24).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The slag outlet is spiral, waterwheel leaf blade size and windmill leaf type. The internal wall and the external wall are connected using a horizontal bolt to form as a whole, where the biogas slurry is placed inside the internal wall, and the gas is continuously produced inside the system, and the system is sealed with a concrete seal cap. The scum outlet includes scum outlet channel, whose lower end is connected to the sedimentation tank, where the biogas slurry passes from top to the bottom via 2/3rd of the scum outlet channel, and automatic overflows into scum outlet channel or slag windmill vane and other equipment. The slag outlet comprises a multi-motor part or marsh gas internal combustion engine, where a gear rod drives the tapping machine without stopping, and carries out feeding and discharging of water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymerization degree of polyvinyl alcohol is 1700. The degree of hydrolysis is 50-99% of white granular solid. The particle diameter of the kitchen garbage slurry is 5 mm. The amount of the kitchen garbage and seed sludge is 0.5-2. The feeding load of kitchen garbage is 10-25 g(VS)/l. The pH of the alkali is 110-160 mg/kg and adjusted by sodium hydroxide solution and potassium hydroxide solution. The pH of the alkali is 7-7.5. The amount of the slow release agent is 1500-3000 mg/kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The cell concentration of B.subtilis, B.amyloliquefaciens, B.licheniformis, and B.megaterium is 3-7x 108 cells/ml. Preferred Method: The method involves adding sludge having water content of 98% to fermentation tank and adding the above-mentioned bacterial liquid to the tank, reacting at 35-55 degrees C for 20 hours (aeration rate of 0.2-0.6 l/min), incubating the obtained product for 18 hours, pressing the obtained product in frame filter press, concentrating the filtrate and drying the concentrate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of bortezomib and mannitol is 1:(20-35). The weight ratio of bortezomib and tert-butanol is 1:(50-100). The weight ratio of bortezomib and water is 1:(450-650).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Method: Special feed is prepared by mixing 5-35 pts. wt. dried fish, 2-8 pts. wt. premix, 25-35 pts. wt. fermented soybean paste, 5-15 pts. wt. bran oil, 5-15 pts. wt. fermented vegetables, 5-15 pts. wt. flour, 0.5-7 pts. wt. fermented rapeseed meal and 0.5-5 pts. wt. edible oil, pulverizing into 80-100 mesh powder, adding 0.1-0.6 pts. wt. pellet binder and forming into 1.2-1.5 mm pellets. Preferred Composition: Premix is composed of retinyl acetate, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folic acid, niacin/nicotinamide, D-calcium pantothenate, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, inositol, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, potassium iodate, cobalt chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate powder and antioxidant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (claimed): Producing acyl-coenzyme A synthetase comprises obtaining a gene encoding acyl-coenzyme A synthetase by performing PCR using primers, inserting the gene into an expression vector, transforming the vector into Escherichia coli cells, and culturing the cells for protein expression.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the stable amorphous form of linagliptin comprises contacting a reaction mixture containing an acid addition salt of linagliptin in water with a base. Preferred Components: The stable amorphous form of linagliptin has an X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as given in figure 1 of the specification. The sodium bicarbonate is used as the base. The acid addition salt comprises the salts of linagliptin formed with acceptable inorganic and organic acids. The linagliptin phosphate is used as the acid addition salt. The base comprises inorganic and organic bases. The stable amorphous form of linagliptin is substantially free of residual organic solvent(s). Preferred Process: The isolation of the stable amorphous form of linagliptin is carried out by drying at 85-90 degrees C under reduced pressure. ACTIVITY - Antidiabetic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.    ADMINISTRATION - Administration of linagliptin is peroral or parental. No dosage details given.    EXAMPLE - 4.8 g of Sodium bicarbonate was added to a reaction vessel containing 6.5 g of linagliptin phosphate in 87 ml of water at 3-5 degrees C. The reaction mixture was heated to 40-45 degrees C, and stirred for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 3-5 degrees C, stirred for 1 hour, filtered, washed with 19.5 ml of water, and dried at 85-90 degrees C for 12 hours to obtain the stable amorphous form of linagliptin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is: titanium oxide, platinized titania, amorphous manganese oxide, copper-doped manganese oxide, titanium dioxide, strontium titanate, barium titanate, sodium titanate, cadmium sulfide, zirconium dioxide, and iron oxide; and carbon-based graphene or graphite, carbon-doped semi-conductive material, carbon-doped magnetic material or fullerene materials. The semiconductor material is platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, strontium titanate, amorphous silicon, hydrogenated amorphous silicon, nitrogenated amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon and/or germanium. The target molecules are alkyl sulfonates, alkyl phenols, ammonia, benzoic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, dioxin, fumaric acid, grease, herbicides, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, medicines, methane, nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, nitrates, nitrites, ozone, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, oil, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid and volatile organic compounds.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The performance characteristic values are any two of a cetane number, a lubricity value, sulfur content, and oxidative stability value. The lubricity value of the low carbon fuel is at least 30% lower than the lubricity value of the petroleum fuel measured by ASTM 6079. The cetane number of the low carbon diesel fuel is at least 30% higher than the cetane number of the petroleum diesel fuel measured by ASTM D613. The lubricity value of the low carbon fuel is less than 450 mu m by high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) at 60 degrees C (scar) measured by ASTM D 6079. The cetane number of the low carbon fuel is greater than 65 measured by ASTM 613. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a means to send a regeneration gas to the adsorbent bed to remove impurities. The supersonic inertia separator removes the condensable.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: at least a portion of the gas that is sent through the adsorbent bed for further purification and is sent through the conduit of a supersonic inertia separator for bulk purification; and after the regeneration gas stream passes through the adsorbent bed, a portion of the regeneration gas stream or the regeneration gas stream in full is recycled by being combined with the natural gas feed stream. The adsorbent bed is regenerated by passage of a regeneration gas stream through the adsorbent bed. Preferred Components: The condensables are carbon dioxide (preferred), water, propane, iso-butane, butane, iso-pentane, pentane, hexanes and heavier hydrocarbon components, propylene, ethylene, acetylene, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen gas. The regeneration gas stream comprises a natural gas stream.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding pre-treated residual sludge to the alkali to adjust a pH value to 10-13 and then stirring for 0.5-8 hours and reacting to remove organic matter and nitrogen phosphorus in residual sludge to obtain pre-processed surplus sludge and then stirring for 0.5 hours and centrifuging at 2000-6000 revolutions per minute (rpm); placing the residual sludge into the reactor and then mixing with acid and processing by ozone treatment process. The solid-liquid separation method is centrifugation method, belt pressure filter method or plate frame press filter method. Preferred Components: The pH value of the hydrolyzed sludge is adjusted to 7.5-10 using alkali.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass is lignocellulose which further comprises lignin and/or hemicellulose. The lignocelluloses are timber, rice straw, straw, chaff, or Pseudotsuga menziesii, and/or its powder. The cation portions of the ionic liquid are imidazolium ion, pyridinium cation, and/or ammonium cation. The imidazolium ion is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ion. The anion portions of the ionic liquid are chloride ion, phosphate ion, formic acid ion, acetate ion, and/or ion containing perfluoroalkyl group. The ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. The peroxides are hydrogen peroxide and/or peracetic acid. The concentration of the peroxide in the aqueous solution is 1-8 wt.%. Preferred Method: The method involves carrying out direct drying of aqueous solution containing the biomass and peroxide. The method involves drying the aqueous solution by freeze-drying method. The method involves adding water to ionic liquid, stirring and mixing biomass, and depositing cellulose. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The binder contains black liquor containing lignin and/or starch. Preferred Process: The molding process is carried out using extruder. Preferred Property: The solid fuel has density of 0.6-2 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biogenic component is present in an amount of at least 30%, preferably 50 percent, and comprises a binder. Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing both the component in an impact mill, and homogenizing the components in a twin-shaft mixer. A mixing ratio of the components are determined by a speed-controlled climbing tape for each component in connection with a subsequent continuous conveyor with integrated weight measurement at two measuring points. A water content regulation is controlled during the production of the composite pellet.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The double-shaft mixer comprises a humidifying system. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The highly conductive material is made out of graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfonating agent is sodium sulfite. The mass ratio of anthraquinone and sodium sulfite is 1:(0.2-0.3). The polar solvent in step (b) is dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide. The total mass ratio of sulfonated mixed aminoanthraquinone to the polar solvent is 1:(1.60-2.05), and the mass ratio of polar solvents used in the primary refining and the secondary refining processes is 1:(0.42-0.48).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Biomolecule: The polypeptide comprises amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1-3. The composition further comprises enzyme including cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, xylanase, xylosidase, and ( beta )-glucosidase. The enzyme is originated from Trichoderma. Sequences not defined here may be found at ftp://ftp.wipo.int/pub/published_pct_sequences/publication. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bio-additive contains 35-40 vol.% of dietilformal and 60-65 vol.% of glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids. In the biofuel composition, any vegetable oils are used as glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon content is about 80% or more. The brominated sorbent has about 0.1 wt to about 20 wt bromine, based on the total weight of the brominated sorbent. Preferred Process: Activation is with steam. In reducing mercury emissions, the brominated sorbent is injected into the combustion gas stream before the gas stream before passes through a heat exchanger; or the brominated sorbent is injected into the combustion gas stream after the gas stream passes through a heat exchanger. The method is carried out in the absence of conditioning agents. The brominated sorbent is injected at a rate of about 0.5 to about 15 lb/MMacf. Preferred Components: The bromine source is elemental bromine. It is hydrogen bromide. It is in gaseous form. Hydrogen bromide is an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide. The solid bromine source is at least one alkali metal bromide, at least one alkaline earth bromide, or its mixture. It is lithium bromide, sodium bromide, and/or calcium bromide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, a commercially available cellulase preparation optimized for lignocellulosic biomass conversion is used for enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzyme preparation used for enzymatic hydrolysis exhibits substantially reduced glucose end-product inhibition of catalysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis in a subsequent hydrolysis stage is conducted using a supplemental dose of enzyme preparation. The hydrothermal pretreatment is conducted to severity of at least log Ro 3.8. In the method, the hydrolysis conversion yield is improved at least 5% in absolute terms by an amount, expressed as a percentage, corresponding to (two stage hydrolysis yield in absolute terms)-((two stage hydrolysis in absolute terms obtained with equivalent EFB subject to hydrolysis in a two-stage hydrolysis to which is added in the second stage a quantity of glucose corresponding to the amount of glucose that is removed in the solid/liquid separation between the first and second hydrolysis stages)-(corresponding one stage hydrolysis yield in absolute terms with equivalent EFB))/(one stage hydrolysis yield in absolute terms).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves blending 5-25 or 45-85 vol.% of the renewable component with 60-95 or 15-55 vol.% of a diesel boiling range of non-renewable component to attain a diesel fuel composition with acceptably low copper and/or zinc metal uptake characteristics. Preferred Components: The tallow 1-4C alkyl ester feed is tallow methyl ester (TME). The soybean oil 1-4C alkyl ester feed is soybean oil methyl ester (SME). The palm oil 1-4C alkyl ester feed is palm oil methyl ester (PME). The renewable component comprises 5-65 (preferably 25-60, especially 40-60) vol.% of soybean oil methyl ester (SME), 5-65 (preferably 25-60, especially 40-60) vol.% of palm oil methyl ester (PME), 40-75 (preferably 40-60) vol.% of tallow methyl ester (TME). The diesel boiling range component has boiling range of 451-800 degrees F (about 233-427 degrees C). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydrocarbyl substituent in the position para to the hydroxyl group is further substituted by an ester group. The alkylene-coupled phenol comprises a material represented by the formula 1 or 2.R1=independently hydrogen or an alkyl group of 3 to about 12 carbon atoms where at least one R1 is an alkyl group substituted in the 1 or 2 position with a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms;R3=independently hydrogen or a methyl group;n=0-3; andR2=independently a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 30 carbon atoms or such a hydrocarbyl group substituted by an ester group.The composition further comprises at least one of detergents, dispersants, metal salts of organic phosphorus compounds, viscosity modifiers, and additional antioxidants. The composition or lubricant also comprises a metal-containing detergent, where the metal-containing detergent comprises an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, phenate, or salicylate. The metal-containing detergent comprises an overbased calcium salicylate detergent. The biodiesel fuel or decomposition product comprises a fatty acid alkyl ester. The fatty acid alkyl ester is a methyl ester of a carboxylic acid having about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms and having at least one olefinic double bond. Preferred Composition: The amount of the alkylene-coupled phenol is about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent. The alkylene-coupled phenol antioxidant comprises at least about 67 percent by weight of the total amount of the ashless antioxidants of the composition. The liquid fuel contains at least about 5 percent by weight of a fatty acid alkyl ester. The lubricant contains or is contaminated with at least about 0.1 wt.% of a biodiesel fuel or decomposition product. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The temperature of the heated oil component is 150-250 degrees F. The oil component is agricultural oil, crude oil refinery byproduct and/or Dustrol (RTM: Coating agent). The dust control coating comprises: 0.01-5 wt.% of the fertilizer granule, preferably 0.5 wt.% of the fertilizer granule; and a thickness of 0.1-10 mu m after topical application of the dust control coating to the base fertilizer granule. The base fertilizer comprises at least one of phosphate, nitrate, urea or potash. The base fertilizer granule further comprises at least one secondary nutrient comprising calcium, sulfur or magnesium, and/or at least one micronutrient comprising zinc, manganese, iron, copper, molybdenum, boron, chlorine, cobalt or sodium. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: melting the polymer additive so that the melted polymer additive is combined with the heated oil component; and adding at least one of the secondary nutrient, and/or at least one micronutrient. In the method, the oil component is heated to a temperature of 150-250 degrees F.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer additive comprises: at least one polyethylene homopolymer which is high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene or linear low density polyethylene; less than 50 wt.% of the dust control coating; and 10-30 wt.% of the dust control coating. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Removing nutrients from wastewater comprises using two reactors, namely: a contact reactor in which the biomass is separated from the water using a submerged membrane filtration process; and a second growth reactor (photobioreactor) in which the growth of the biomass is promoted at the sole expense of the reserves stored in the contact reactor. Day mode: the concentrated stream leaving the contact reactor is conveyed to the photobioreactor and recirculated to the contact reactor from the photobioreactor. Night mode; the concentrated stream leaving the contact reactor is purged and recirculated from the day purge tank of the photobioreactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: operating the CCR reforming unit to produce catalyst coke of greater than 3 wt.%; separating the hydrogen from the recovered hydrocarbon stream; feeding a portion of the hydrogen to the CCR reformer unit; and fractionating the recovered hydrocarbon stream into fuel gas, a 4C hydrocarbon stream and a 5C+ reformate. Preferred Components: The coking additive is a mixture containing hydrocarbons and sulfur. The hydrocarbons are 8-20C hydrocarbons, preferably 11-16C hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon is kerosene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrolyte stabilizing agent provides a cerium metal ion. The electrolyte stabilizing agent is incorporated in microporous layer, and the microporous layer is in direct contact with anode layer or cathode layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The thermal decomposition temperature is judged based on thermogravimetry (TG) curve by differential thermal thermogravimetry simultaneous measurement analysis. Before measuring the thermal decomposition temperature of cellulose biomass, the cellulose biomass is neutralized and washed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The moisture content of the powder in the river mud, is 10-15%. The water content in the sawdust, grass clippings or straw cuttings, is 15%. The auxiliary material is river mud powder, and mixed with mixed material in certain ratio, where the amount of mulberry branch powder used is 92-95 wt.% and the amount of river mud powder used is 5-8 wt.%. The mixing ratio of the powder is 50-70 wt.% mulberry branch powder, 25-42 wt.% sawdust and 5-8 wt.% river mud powder. The mixing ratio of auxiliary materials to form powder is 65-80 wt.% mulberry branch powder, 15-27 wt.% grass clippings and/or straw crumbs, and 5-8 wt.% river mud powder. Preferred Method: The temperature control of compression molding process, is 150-200 degrees C, and the pressure is 10-15 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The activated sludge is municipal sludge. The small organic molecule is acetate, propionate or butyrate. The chemical oxygen demand of the sludge ion the step (b) is 2000-4000 mg/l. The ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus is 100:6:1. Preferred Method: The temperature of SBR reactor in the step (b) is 23 degrees C. The operation period in the step (b) is 8-10 hours, preferably 9 hours. The process of passing the water for the second time is carried out and continuously aerated for 7-9 hours. The sludge retention time in the step (c) is 3-7 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The underground heat tube can be straight tube connecting or circular disk connecting tube. The underground temperature preservation heat reservoir is composed of brick-concrete structure frame, a heat insulating layer, a waterproof leakage-proof layer, a solar energy hot heat exchange coil, an underground insulating heat reservoir temperature sensor or an upper metallic heat-preservation storage tank. An intelligent controller is connected with a power supply power through a solar heat collector temperature sensor connecting wire. The solar heat collector temperature sensor is connected with the solar heat collector circulating pump through a connecting line. The solar heat collector circulating pump is connected with the underground temperature preservation heat reservoir temperature sensor through a connecting line. The underground temperature preservation heat reservoir temperature sensor is connected with the marsh gas tank through a temperature sensor connecting wire. The marsh gas tank temperature sensor is connected with the marsh gas tank heat exchange circulating pump through a connecting line. The heat exchange circulating pump is connected with the marsh gas tank through an underground temperature adjusting disk tube temperature sensor adjusting disk tube temperature sensor connecting wire. The underground temperature adjusting disk tube temperature sensor is connected with the underground temperature adjusting tube circulating pump through a connecting line. The underground temperature adjusting tube circulating pump is connected with an underground heat storage tube net circulating pump through the connecting line. The underground heat storage tube network circulating pump is connected with the underground heat storage tube net temperature sensor through an underground heat storage tube net temperature sensor connecting wire.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The concentration of the acetic acid solution is 25%. Preferred Method: The cooling step is carried out for 31 minutes. The method comprises crushing the crop straw in the machinery at temperature of 40-60 degrees C, and adding hydrogen peroxide. The heating step is carried out at temperature of 100-130 degrees C and pressure of 102-104 kPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: A closed module is placed in a central location of the biogas plant. The installation is designed with respect to the minimum conduction paths. The crushing unit separated from the biogas plant is largely pre-assembled and subsequently placed in its intended installation site. The crushing unit has a housing which is encapsulated, preferably shielded against weather and/or medium influences, and is suitable for outdoor installation. The devices and/or line layout is optimized according to the criteria of a minimum size and/or favorably disposed conduit connections or connection interfaces. The conduit connections, connection interfaces or flange connections having flange connections for fast installation by placing the module on the intended installation site. A flat bottom section (46) with a rectangular base is provided and has an approximately box-like configuration whose dimensions is adapted to the space available between the containers, components and/or aggregates of the biogas plant. The sensors with electrical signal outputs are located within the single-line flow.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The lining is made of ceramic material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gasifier includes an interior wall including a lining made of silica carbide material, silica oxide material and aluminum oxide material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lining is made of refractory metal alloy material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal (hydr)oxide consists of Nickel hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode includes cathode that comprises Iridium and Nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is modified boehmite and copper-zinc-aluminum oxide composite catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The combustion unit comprises a boiler (40) used for hot water or heating, and a generator (50) to supply electricity in the electrical field. The fermentation unit comprises a sensor for detecting the generated biogas, a reverse flow preventing valve for preventing reverse flow of biogas from storage unit to the fermentation unit and a stirrer for stirring the organic wastes. The valve is solenoid valve, which works according to the signal detected by the sensor. The apparatus further comprises a circulation pipeline between the fermentation unit and the storage unit, and a hydrogen separation membrane equipped in the circulation pipeline for separating hydrogen from the biogas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biogas comprises hydrogen and methane. Preferred Method: The combustion is performed for hot water or heating, supplying power to the electric field or combusting solidified sludge remaining after fermentation. The step (c) comprises preventing reverse flow of biogas from storage unit to the fermentation unit, and further comprises separating hydrogen from biogas. The step (b) further comprises stirring the collected organic wastes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The homogeneous solution obtained after reduction process is left for 2 days to obtain gel. The developing process of HZSM-5 catalyst is carried out at room temperature using saline tetrachloropalladate solution by stirring. The developing of noble metal salt solution tetrachloropalladate is performed with the ratio of 100:2 g/g. In double calcination process, primary calcining is carried out at 800 degrees C and secondary calcining is carried out at 450 degrees C for 5 hours. The obtained synthetic zeolite catalyst is applied to cracking of vegetable oil in a reactor which is operating at 350 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fungi residue comprises Pleurotus eryngii and Flammulina velutipes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The walnut branch powder and shell powder are obtained by drying and crushing. The bran is obtained from wheat flour process. The bean cake is soybean cake.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In step (S1), the domesticating step is carried out for 3-5 days. In step (S2), the domesticating step is carried out for 6-9 days. In step (S3), the screening step is carried out for 4-6 days. Preferred Components: The concentration of the sludge is 20-25 mg/l. The pH value of the sludge is adjusted to 7-8 using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen releasing material is potassium persulfate, magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide or sodium percarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises using fermentation microorganism i.e. Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Gibberella, Hansenula, red yeast, actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, brown solid nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and Agrobacterium radiobacter.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The biosolid nitrogenous fertilizer (I) is prepared by taking root and stem leaf of leguminous plant i.e. soybean, pea, and/or kidney bean plant, crushing to 55% using rotary cutter, taking root and stem leaf of clover, crushing to 25% using rotary cutter, taking blue algae, crushing to 20% using rotary cutter, adding the crushed materials into fermentation kettle via conveying belt, stirring and mixing for 2 hours, raising the temperature to 100-110 degrees C, steam sterilizing at high temperature, keeping the fermented material humidity at 60-65%, stirring, fermenting for 24 hours, maintaining the temperature at 45-55 degrees C for 0.5 hour, and obtaining black mud i.e. biosolid nitrogenous fertilizer. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer (A) preferably comprises raw materials consisting of 15-45 pts. wt., preferably 25 pts. wt. potassium fulvate; 2-4 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. biological complex enzyme; 15-45 pts. wt., preferably 35 pts. wt. livestock manure including poultry manure; 1-4 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. amino acid; 2-4 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. biological bacteria; and 15-40 pts. wt., preferably 31 pts. wt. tobacco waste. The biological complex enzyme comprises 10-40 pts. wt., preferably 30 pts. wt. nitrogenase enzyme; 8-30 pts. wt., preferably 30 pts. wt. phosphorus solubilizing enzyme; 10-30 pts. wt., preferably 23 pts. wt. plant growth-promoting enzyme; 6-10 pts. wt., preferably 9 pts. wt. heavy metal-adsorbing enzyme; and 4-9 pts. wt., preferably 8 pts. wt. disease-preventing enzyme. The biological bacteria consist of yield-increasing bacteria, effective microorganism (EM) bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, and/or fermenting bacteria. The livestock manure is a fully fermented livestock manure with 40-50 pts. wt. moisture content.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amino acid consists of threonine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and/or methionine. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The composite biofertilizer preferably comprises 12 pts. wt. inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, 10 pts. wt. inorganic phosphate fertilizer, 8 pts. wt. inorganic potassium fertilizer, 4 pts. wt. copper trace element, 2 pts. wt. manganese trace element, 8.5 pts. wt. Bacillus natto preparation, 5 pts. wt. humic acid, 1.5 pts. wt. citric acid, and 0.3 pts. wt. procaterol hydrochloride. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The biological fertilizer additive preferably comprises 14 pts. wt. fresh corn cob extraction liquid, 12.5 pts. wt. seaweed extraction liquid, 7 pts. wt. fumaric acid, 2 pts. wt. EDTA, 6 pts. wt. cellulase-producing Cellulomonas, 2.5 pts. wt. white ant Clostridium, and 0.5 pts. wt. urea. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 45 pts. wt. bean powder, 22 pts. wt. corn straw powder, 20 pts. wt. oxalic acid, 8.5 pts. wt. pole, 4 pts. wt. acetic acid, 1.5 pts. wt. cytokinin cells, 0.4 pts. wt. wolf associated unit cell bacteria, 0.1 pts. wt. ferment phage fiber bacteria and 0.05 pts. wt. slow release agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The NPK fertilizer comprises 15-22 pts. wt. nitrogen fertilizer, 5-8 pts. wt. phosphate fertilizer and 10-12 pts. wt. potassium fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The effective content of Bacillus thuringiensis is 8000-16000 IU/mg.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The coating agent is gypsum with average particle size of 100-150 meshes. Preferred Composition: The ascharite slag comprises 3.0-3.2 wt.% boron trioxide, 22-24 wt.% magnesium oxide, 4.0-4.2 wt.% calcium oxide, 9.2-9.5 wt.% silicon oxide, 1.8-2.1 wt.% iron oxide, 0.2-0.3 wt.% sulfur, 0.3-0.5 wt.% copper oxide and 0.3-0.4 wt.% molybdenum. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution concentration is 1-3 mass%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Industrial alcohol concentration is greater than or equal to 95 mass%. Wax is carnauba wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Conditions: Temperature of hydrothermal treatment is 90-200 degrees C and processing time is 5-90 minutes. Reaction temperature of transesterification step is 20-60 degrees C, and reaction time is 2-96 hours. Preferred Processes: Biodiesel from food waste is produced by separating food grease from food waste by feeding in 3-phase separator, standing, and isolating oil, washing with water, removing salt, filtering to remove impurity, purifying using activated carbon purification, drying, Immobilized lipase is prepared by adding composite lipase and carrier in buffer solution with pH value of 8, stirring at room temperature condition for 0.5-3 hours, and drying in vacuum. Preferred Compositions: Mass ratio of composite lipase to carrier is 1:(1-20). Mass ratio of short chain alcohol to food grease is (2-45):1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Immobilized lipase carrier is hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate, zeolite, diatomite and/or carboxymethyl cellulose. Carrier contains diatomite, Tween 80 (RTM: Polysorbate), palm oil, and magnesium sulfate at mass ratio diatomite:Tween 80:palm oil:magnesium sulfate of (0.5-2):(0.0005-2):(0.0005-0.5):(0.001-1).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Short chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Immobilized lipase carrier is polyethylene anion exchange resin, polyethylene cation exchange resin, strong basic anion styrene resin, and/or strong basic cation styrene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises pre-processing industrial waste water in chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and metal ion of concentration. The preprocessing step includes collecting activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant, mixing and oscillating the activated sludge, shaking culture in formaldehyde containing waste water, standing sedimentation, oscillating obtained product, recycling the precipitate, and degrading supernatant for processing formaldehyde. Preferred Components: (I) is carried out using solid culture medium and liquid culture medium including 10-30 pts. wt. of glucose, 2-4 pts. wt. of beef extract, 0.5 pts. wt. of potassium chloride, 1 pts. wt. of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1 pts. wt. of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 18-20 pts. wt. of agar and 1000 pts. wt. of water and pH value of 7.2-7.5. The carrier is Paecilomyces varioti F1-23 cell having adsorption ability of porous material. The carrier is hollow fiber, kaolin, porous glass, activity carbon or silicon glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: Agrobacterium LAD9 strain is cultured in a culture medium. Preferred Components: Culture medium comprises (in grams): sodium (5.625), ammonium chloride (0.382), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.044), calcium chloride (0.2), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.5) and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (0.006). pH value of culture medium is 7.0-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The recombinant plasmid is plasmid pCold III. The recombinant bacteria is Escherichia coli BL21 strain. Preferred Method: The application method comprises reducing pH value of starch to 4.5-9.5 with concentration of 12-25%, 10-70 degrees C for not more than 6 hours, then adding calcium chloride with final concentration of 5 mM.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The methane conversion accelerator comprises 150-290 g, preferably 170-270 g of phosphate, 700-840 g, preferably 730-825 g of urea, 0.5-1 g of cobalt chloride, and 3-5 g, preferably 3.5-4.5 g of iron salt. The methane conversion accelerator is uniformly added in an amount of 3-8 mg/l into the anaerobic fermentation system.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The nicotinic foliar fertilizer contains 1 g/l nicotine active ingredient; total nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide) content is 40 g/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The carbon residue is prepared by adding water-soluble or acid-soluble fulvic acid to natural turf, and extracting brown humic acid according to method of alcohol-soluble or bio-fermentation extraction of fulvic acid and brown humic acid. The yeast is Pachysolen tannophilus, Candida tropicalis, P.stipitis or Kluveromyces marxianus. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the total humic acid of mud carbon residue is 10-30%. The ratio of the carbon residue mud, yeast and Actinomycete is 1-3:0.5-1:0.25-0.5. Preferred Method: The method involves re-dissolving natural turf in water at 30-50 degrees C for 30-90 minutes, where the mass ratio of the water and natural mud carbon is 3-10:0.5-1.5, redissolving the natural turf in acid at 30-50 degrees C for 30-90 minutes, where the acid is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or acetic acid (pH 2-5), the mass ratio of the acid and natural turf is 3-10:0.5-1.5, and re-dissolving the natural turf in alcohol at 30-50 degrees C for 30-90 minutes, where the mass ratio of the ethanol and natural mud carbon is 2-5:0.5-1.5, where the natural turf is fermentation culture medium, preferably brown sugar water or juice. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The raw material is waste aquatic product produced from aquaculture enterprises. The Bacillus subtilis is purchased from Hangzhou bio-technology co. ltd. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The corrosion accelerating agent comprises cellulose-decomposition bacteria, starch-decomposition bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis, yeast, azotobacter or Bacillus thuringiensis. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The single colony of B.mucilaginosus strain is semi-glass bead shaped, colorless and transparent and has neat edges, smooth and glossy surface. The B.mucilaginosus is gram-negative and has rod shaped bacterial cells of 1-1.5 cmx 3-5 mu m. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The Hydrilla soil is Australian Hydrilla soil. Preferred Composition: The organic material comprises Hydrilla soil, yellow bran, shellfish powder, bone meal, shrimp and crab shell powder at mass ratio of 1:3:2:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The organic material is prepared by mixing bacterial enzyme, brown sugar, wheat bran and water at mass ratio of 5-6:0.5-1:30-40:35-40 for 3-4 hours, and adding Hydrilla soil, yellow bran, shellfish powder, bone meal, shrimp and crab shell powder at 10 wt.% of total mixture. Preferred Composition: The bacteria expansion system comprises bacterial enzyme, brown sugar, wheat bran and water at mass ratio of 6:1:37:40.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Composition: The meal comprises soybean meal, rapeseed meal and/or castor seed meal. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred method: The separating step is carried out after anaerobic fermentation processing of livestock contamination. The dilution step is carried out for many times in Chlorella cultivation tanks. The method comprises adding 0.001-0.05 M3 of biogas sludge to the chlorella cultivation tank.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The marsh gas tank is connected with diluting pond through a butterfly type pipeline and a biogas liquid pump and small algae cultivation tank is connected through the butterfly type liquid separating machine so that the two tanks communicate with each other. The chlorella cultivation tanks are arranged in parallel. The manure separator is connected to liquid separating machine and algae cultivation tank. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises crushing the fermented raw material into powder having particle size of 5 cm; spray drying the fermented raw material to adjust a water content to 35-40 wt.%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation of the dried raw materials and then fermenting at 5-35 degrees C to obtain fermentation liquor in EM composite bacteria of corrosion solution; controlling the temperature of the culture base material to 25-36?OC, regulating a humidity of the culture medium material to 30-40%, and controlling the humidity of the fly maggot and earthworm to 60-80% to cultivate; controlling the temperature of the cultivated base stock to 28-34 degrees C. Preferred Components: The waste is domestic rural residents and/or kitchen waste. The kitchen waste is leaves, weeds, cabbages, peel, fish maw, eggshell and/or Dryopteris. The cultivation waste is pig manure, dairy manure, chicken manure, duck manure and/or sheep manure. The weight ratio of the: waste material and domestic cultivation waste is 1:1; chicken manure and pig manure is 1:1. The bait is fresh ammonia or animal blood. The EM fermenting liquid includes lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, Bacillus, Actinomyces, filamentous bacteria, Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and composite microbial bacteria, and is raw liquid, brown sugar and water according to a weight ratio of 1:1:1000. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises (d) compressing and cooling the escaped ammonia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Agricultural waste is selected from corncob, tobacco stem, coconut shell or walnut shell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An alkaline solution is potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide (20-30%). The alkaline solution contains potassium and vinyl alcohol or ethanol (0.5-1%). An organic amine solution is mixture of diethanolamine and acrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The tourmaline has concentration of 100-200 g (gVSS.L)-1. The pH value is regulated to 8. The tourmaline powder has a grain diameter of 20-60 mu m. The reaction bottle is serum bottle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Compositions: The fermented agricultural waste comprises straw, twigs and leaves. Slow-release fertilizer comprises 20:10:20 mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Preferred Components: The cake fertilizer is rape cake fertilizer and/or peanut cake fertilizer. Preferred Method: The fermented agricultural waste is prepared by crushing agricultural waste, adding fermenting agent and chicken manure, stirring, mixing, stacking, covering with plastic, and fermenting for 0.8-1.5 months.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fermenting agent comprises 1:0.1-1 mass ratio of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Streptomyces griseolus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is hydrochloric acid or acetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The 2,4-dibasic thiophene derivative (I) is prepared by reacting methyl cinnamic acid derivative of formula (Ia) and potassium sulfide at low temperature. Preferred Method: Reacting is done using methyl cinnamic acid derivative (Ia) and potassium sulfide with mass ratio of 1:2 at 10-30 degrees C for 2 hours under organic solvent. Preferred Component: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The reaction of (II), dehydrated dimethyl formamide, thionyl chloride, and dimethyl sulfone is carried out at 0-30 degrees C for 2-8 hours. The reaction of (III) and p-cresol is carried out at 45-50 degrees C for 0.5-2 hours. The reaction of (IV) with immobilized penicillin G acylase IPA 750 is carried out in the presence of 0.05mol /L aqueous boric acid solution. Preferred Component: The mass ratio of (II), dehydrated dimethyl formamide, thionyl chloride, and dimethyl sulfone is 1: 5-40: 0.3-3: 0.005-0.016. The mass ratio of (III) and p-cresol is 1:2-10. The mass ratio of (IV), immobilized penicillin G acylase IPA-750, and aqueous boric acid solution is 1:0.65-1:12 -18.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen source is ammonium salt, nitrate, ammonium hydroxide, peanut cake powder, soybean cake powder, cotton seed cake powder, corn steep liquor, yeast powder, fish meal, silkworm chrysalis meal, peptone, bran, lees, and animal excrement. The carbon source is waste mycelium of plant straw, sugar compound, ester compound, organic acid, and organic acid ester in micro-molecular alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The effective microorganisms are mixed bacteria including Bacillus, Saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and 80 beneficial bacteria. The biogas residue is obtained from rural household biogas digesters which generate marsh gas residue or large and medium-sized marsh gas residue, after drying and crushing product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The EM bacteria include Bacillus, yeast and lactic acid bacteria.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and/or 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol. Preferred Composition: The methanol fuel comprises 0.05-0.20 wt.% composite additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alcohol-based gasoline is methanol gasoline or ethanol gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Waste oil biodiesel technology involves heating recovered waste oil at 75 degrees C, settling, removing impurities, mixing 80 pts. wt. methanol and 20 pts. wt. waste oil at 50 degrees C for 2 hours and adding 5 wt.% enzyme.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Water content of methanol is less than or equal to 5%. Preferred Component: The enzyme is neutral lipase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Compositions: Biological fertilizer contains 5-15 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. 3x 1010 cfu/ml microorganism spore suspension microorganism, 30-50 pts. wt., preferably 45 pts. wt. decomposed organic matter, 2-4 pts. wt., preferably 3 pts. wt. chitin, 1-3 pts. wt., preferably 2 pts. wt. humic acid, and 3-10 pts. wt., preferably 10 pts. wt. chitosan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method specifically comprises (i) preparing slant culture medium comprising 0.5% glucose, 1% peptone, 1% yeast extract, and 2% agar, and sterilizing at 121 degrees C for 30 minutes; (ii) adding Candida tropicalis DLPU-1L- into the slant culture medium at 30 degrees C, culturing for 24-48 hours, and centrifuging under the speed of 250-350 revolutions/minute to obtain cells; (iii) preparing fermentation culture medium comprising 5-10% L-valine, 0.2-2% peptone, and 0.2-1.5% yeast extract; (iv) adding the cells to the fermentation culture medium for fermenting at 30 degrees C, reacting under condition of 250-350 revolutions/minute, dropwise adding 10% sulfuric acid during reaction for every 2-4 hours for adjusting the pH to 6-6.2, and completing fermentation within 64-72 hours, where the pH does not rise; and (v) removing the cells by centrifugation, decoloring the supernatant at 100 degrees C for 30-40 minutes by adding activated carbon, filtering, concentrating, crystallizing, and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The yeast is Pichia membranaefaciens and Kluyveromyces fragilis. The carrier material is Lotus root powder or arrowroot. Preferred Method: The method further comprises cooking and sterilizing Lotus or arrowroot powder; inoculating yeast granary, adding starch to maltose and glucose to perform the aerobic fermentation, performing anaerobic fermentation of yeast, filtering the fermented mixture to obtain yeast wet thallus, and drying and pressing the yeast. The step sterilizing is carried out at 105-107 degrees C for 1.2 hours. The step of starch fermentation is carried out at 21-22 degrees C for 3.5-4 hours. The step of yeast fermentation is carried out at 30-31 degrees C for 25-28 minutes. The dying step is carried out at 52-55 degrees C until water content is 5.7-5.8%. The chemical oxygen demand concentration of the organic waste water is 2146 mg/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: The pH of dioxane degradation is 5-8. The pH of inorganic culture salt medium is 7-7.2. Preferred Conditions: Dioxane degradation temperature is 25-40 degrees C. Preferred Compositions: Initial concentration of dioxane-containing wastewater is 100-500 mg/L. Initial concentration of inorganic salt medium containing dioxane is 100-500 mg/L. Initial concentration of exhaust gas in inorganic culture salt medium is 100-500 mg/L. Inorganic culture salt medium contains 3.5 g disodium phosphate dihydrate, 1 g monopotassium phosphate, 0.5 g ammonium sulfate, 0.1 g magnesium chloride hexahydrate, and 0.05 g calcium nitrate dissolved in 1000 ml water and added with 1 ml trace element solution. Trace element solution contains 1 g iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, 0.02 g copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, 0.014 g boric acid, 0.1 g manganous sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.1 g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.02 g sodium molybdate dihydrate, and 0.02 g cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate dissolved in 1000 ml water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Concentration of mixed flora comprising Kluyveromyces yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Mucor is 6x 108-8x 108 cell/ ml. Mass ratio of Kluyveromyces yeast, S. cerevisiae, Pseudomonas, B. subtilis, A. niger, R. oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Mucor is 1-7:1-6:1-5:1-5:1-3:1-6:1-6:1-5. Amount of mixed flora is 0.1-35 wt.% of the amount of kitchen garbage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Mass ratio of amylase, cellulase, lipase, protease, glucoamylase, and xylanase is 0.5-2:0.5-5:0.5-1:0.5-2:1-2:1-3. Amount of complex enzyme is 0.05-2 wt.% of the amount of kitchen garbage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Condition: Hydrothermal treatment temperature is 90-200 degrees C and hydrothermal treatment time is 5-90 minutes. Fermentation temperature is 20-50 degrees C and fermentation time is 20-480 hours. Preferred Process: Production of kitchen wastewater involves performing hydrothermal treatment by adding ammonium hydroxide to kitchen garbage at mass ratio of 1:4-20. Production of kitchen wastewater involves adding 0.1-20 wt.% solid kitchen water to sorted food waste without hydrothermal treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: The step (b), involves selecting single strains or an assembly of strains of the lactic acid and bifidus bacteria that are well capable of surviving in presence of gastrointestinal enzymes, adhering to intestinal mucosa and synthesizing X-prolyl-dipeptidyl aminopeptidase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The enzyme saccharification is carried out in culture tank comprising two tanks in series, where concentration of solid material contained in raw material discharged from discharge port of culture tank is 15 %mass or less. The enzyme saccharification is carried out in culture tank comprising two tanks (primary culture tank and secondary culture tank) in series, where enzyme saccharification is carried out in two tanks in a ratio of 7:3-3:7, concentration of solid material contained in raw material discharged from discharge port of primary culture tank is 15 %mass or less, and concentration of solid material contained in raw material discharged from discharge port of secondary culture tank is 12 %mass or less. The culture tank is arranged parallelly. In method, the lignocellulosic raw material is pre-processed by carrying out chemical treatment (using 0.1-10 %mass alkali, 10-50 %mass sodium sulfite and pH adjuster), pressurized hot water treatment, and mechanical treatment. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carrier is present in an amount of 40-60wt.%. Preferred Method: Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the microspheroidal Fischer-Tropsch iron catalyst comprises adding soluble iron salt in water to prepare solution (I), adding soluble B type salt into hot water to obtain solution II, adding zinc soluble salt in water to prepare solution III, mixing the solution I, solution II and III solution to prepare mixed solution IV, placing the mixed solution in water bath at 70-100 degrees C, then adding SiO2 or Al2O3 to obtain sol-gel, mixing and pulping, adding acid alkali regulator for regulating the pH value to 1-5 to obtain solid content, adding 15-45 wt.% of sizing agent and mixing, cooling the slurry to 20-60 degrees C, spray-drying using spray dryer, then roasting at low temperature of 400-750 degrees C, preferably 450-700 degrees C for 0.15-6, preferably 0.5-5 hours. The application method comprises taking synthesis gas as raw material, adding catalyst to react at temperature of 200-600 degrees C, preferably 200-500 degrees C under pressure of 0.5-10, preferably 8 MPa and space velocity of 100-8000, preferably 500-6000 hours-1. The raw material gas has hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio of 0.1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the step (i) of analysis of bacteria in target reservoir fluid is carried out according to the document (International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation) 2011 year 65 period, 444-450 page report of 16S rDNA analysis and identification method.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the acetate concentration is 6.8 mM, acetate include but not limited to sodium acetate, and potassium acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (iii), the methane is obtained from injection wells or production wells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves evaporating ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate simultaneously, concentrating, crystallizing, and drying the obtained crystals. The step (a) is conducted in boiler flue, where bottom side of the boiler flue has to import inlet air towards direction of the flow of flue, and top side of the boiler flue has to import ammonia through a line, hence inlet and outlet to form a loop to achieve reverse reaction. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Composition: The fermenting medium contains 0.2 wt.% ammonium nitrate, 0.2 wt.% monopotassium phosphate, 0.05 wt.% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.1 g calcium chloride dihydrate and 2 wt.% glucose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The crop straw is crushed to 1-5 cm. The ratio of the crushed straw and biogas slurry is 6-9:1, preferably 8:1. The humidity of the fermentation tank is 50-70%. The ratio of oxygen and phosphorus in the fermentation tank is 25-35:1. The nitrogen source for fermentation process is ammonium carbonate. The adhesive is clay, phosphate fertilizer or animal excrement. The concentration of the adhesive is 0.8-1.5 %mass, preferably 1-1.2 %mass. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding urea to the pile to adjust carbon and nitrogen ratio to (10-30):1. The composting step involves turning the pile for each 5-10 days, where aeration is provided to composting step through air pump. Preferred Components: The PAEs are dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate and/or di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The plant residue is soybean straw, rice straw or melon leaf. The livestock manure is chicken manure or pig manure. The chicken manure, and soybean straw or rice straw is mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1. The melon leaf and pig manure is mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1. The pig manure has urea content of 40%, where the pig manure adjusts the carbon and nitrogen ratio to 20:1, 10:1 or 30:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The bio-organic fertilizer comprises raw materials comprising 120 pts. wt. natural laterite, 100 pts. wt. rice straw, 15 pts. wt. plant ash, 10 pts. wt. animal excrement and 0.1 pts. wt. organic matter decomposing inoculant. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 20-50 pts. wt. straw, 5-15 pts. wt. coal, 5-80 pts. wt. weathered coal, 5-15 pts. wt. peat, 5-30 pts. wt. powdered rock phosphate, 1-30 pts. wt. potassium mineral powder, 5-30 pts. wt. powder, 2-10 pts. wt. soybean Phellodendron, 5-30 pts. wt. rice hull, 5-30 pts. wt. rice, 1-5 pts. wt. fungus powder, 3-15 pts. wt. urea and 5-8 pts. wt. polyacrylamide. Preferred Components: The fungus powder comprises 3 billion/g Saccharomycetes, 2 billion/g Bacillus licheniformis, 2 hundred million/g B.subtilis, 2 hundred million/g Streptomyces microflavus, 2 billion/g Azotobacter and 3 billion/g phosphorus bacteria. The above-mentioned raw materials are crushed into 60-80 meshes sieve. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gemini acid functionalized ion liquid is sulfonic acid sub-functional alkyl amine salt and inorganic cation or organic anion salt. The molar ratio of fatty acid and short chain alcohol is 1:1-1:4. The mass ratio of acid functionalized ionic liquid, and mixture of fatty acids and short chain alcohol is 1:20-20:1. The anion is chloride, bromine, iodine, sulfate, bisulfate, nitrate, dihydrogen phosphate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, acetate, mesylate, P-toluenesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate or trifluoroacetate anion. The fatty acid is higher fatty acid. The short chain alcohol is methanol, ethanol or propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The condensation catalyst is N,N-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, triethylamine, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide carbodiimide hydrochloride and/or 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of norfloxacin, solid formaldehyde and formic acid is 1:0.1-0.2:0.2. The mass ratio of methanesulfonic acid and norfloxacin is 0.35:1-0.5:1. The formic acid has concentration of 50-99%, preferably 80-90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The strain culture medium includes carbon source, nitrogen source and vitamin. The carbon source is glucose, sugar, starch and/or biomass sugar liquid. The nitrogen source is corn steep liquor, beef extract, yeast extract, peptone, soybean meal, bean cake and/or peanut.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wax is carnauba wax.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method comprises mixing biomass having a diameter of 10-100 meshes with 30% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution (0.5-1.5 times, preferably 0.8-1.2 times of biomass), adding the obtained mixture into a pressure reaction container, injecting liquid ammonia (1-3 times, preferably 1.5-2.5 times) at room temperature, heating to 90-150 degrees C, preferably 110-130 degrees C and maintaining for 5-15 minutes, preferably 8-12 minutes to release ammonia gas and cooling. The pressure reaction container is pressure adjustable or controllable, where the pressure is 20 MPa and the heating of the container uses external heating method or internal heating method. Preferred Components: The biomass raw material comprises cellulose and lignin and the raw material is wood, bamboo, crop straw and/or fruit shell. The water content of the biomass raw material is not greater than 25%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The heat-resistant yeast is Candida or Claussen's yeast. The fermentable sugar is glucose, xylose, arabinose or mannose. The method increases the yield of ethanol by using thermophilic anaerobic Bacillus, thermophilic clostridium hydrogen sulfide or thermophilic clostridium saccharolyticum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic alkali is chosen from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The inorganic magnesium salt is chosen from magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The reaction is carried out at 35-40 degrees C for 6-10 hours. Preferred Components: The amount of the Novozym 435 (RTM: Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B) is 2-3 wt.%, and Lipozyme (RTM: Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus) is 1-2 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amount of the tert-butyl alcohol is 3-5. The amount of the molecular sieve is 5-6 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves separating olive cake in sieving and separation unit before it is transferred to the leak-proof hygienic pool. The dampness ratio of the product is set in dampness regulation unit before the olive cake is transferred to the leak-proof hygienic pool. The core in the olive cake is separated by one or few core separation unit(s) before or after subjecting to malaxator. The olive cake extracted from the decanter is stored in hygienic resting units. The method further involves adding vegetal generative seed, fruit, vegetable or its paste, vegetative portion sweetener, smell regulator, acid base balancing products, mineral, and vitamins as additives. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The armored material includes at least one of stainless steel or composite material including multilayers of at least one of stainless steel, carbon nanotubes, partially stabilized zirconia or spinel, or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves supplying the heat energy to the container from at least one of an exhaust system of an engine or a fuel cell; and delivering the gaseous fuel substance to a fuel cell and/or a heat engine. The method further involves adding an odorizing agent to provide a scent to the wet alcohol. Preferred Components: The fuel constituent is selected from urea, cellulose, starches, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, and food products. The odorizing agent includes at least one of wintergreen oil, methyl salicylate, or peppermint.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: includes at least one type of polymers including polyimides or Kevlar film or fiber. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst 2 comprises iron, cobalt, nickel copper or ruthenium and at least one promoter (both preferred). The promoter is manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrogen is added to the product gas mixture prior to the step (ii). The hydrogen is added in a ratio of at least 0.5 to the methane used for the step (i). The catalyst 1 is a catalyst suitable for the oxidative coupling of methane catalyst to obtain selectivity to ethane and ethylene of not less than 20%, preferably not less than 60% during methane conversion of not less than 10%, preferably not less than 20%. The reactor 2 is carried out at 150-500 degrees C, preferably 200-230 degrees C. The oxygen for step (i) and the hydrogen for the step (ii) are generated by electrochemical, solar thermal or photocatalytic water splitting. EXAMPLE - Methane was reacted with methane:oxygen:nitrogen (30:15:55) (50 ml/minute) inlet gas stream in the presence of 20% cobalt/alumina catalyst in a first reactor at 1.2 bar and 830 degrees C. Then the gas mixture leaving the first reactor was mixed with 20 or 40 ml/minute hydrogen and was added to a second reactor with 0.3% manganese-3% ruthenium/titanium oxide catalyst to obtain the product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Conditions: Culture temperature is 20-35 degrees C and culture pH is 5-6.5. Fermentation temperature is 20-35 degrees C with time of 3-5days. Preferred Parameter: Fermentation medium pH is 5-6.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The pH of wastewater is 5-6.5, and temperature is 20-35 degrees C. The pH of fermentation culture medium is 5-6.5. In step (b) the culturing temperature is 20-35 degrees C and culturing time is 3-5 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: A corn straw fermentation microbial inoculum contains 20 vol.% P. chrysosporium fungus, 20 vol.% T. koningii, 20 vol.% B. subtilis, 20 vol.% B. licheniformis, and 20 vol.% C. tropicalis. Activated culture medium for P. chrysosporium is potato dextrose agar medium (PDA), T. koningii is Sabouraud agar, B. subtilis and B. licheniformis is nutrient broth agar medium, and C. tropicalis is Tween 80 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) agar. Fermentation substrate contains 95 wt.% corn straw powder, 2 wt.% soybean meal, 2 wt.% rapeseed, 0.5 wt.% urea, and 0.5 wt.% composite trace element. Preferred Conditions: Culturing temperature in activated culture is 25-28 degrees C, preferably 28 degrees C, and culturing time is 3-5 days. Culturing temperature in nutrient broth agar is 25-28 degrees C and culturing time is 3-5 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Composite trace elements contains 0.05 wt.% ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), 0.05 wt.% potassium monopersulfate (K2HSO4), 0.05 wt.% calcium chloride (CaCl), and 0.3 wt.% NaCl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method is carried out at a temperature of 70-80 degrees C (preferably 80 degrees C) for 12-72 hours (preferably 24 hours). Preferred Components: The molar ratio of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound and cerium ammonium nitrate is 1:1-2, preferably 1, or 1:4-5, preferably 5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adsorption agent is bead-shaped zeolite having particle size of 9-35 meshes and diameter of 0.5-2.5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fats and oils are fats and oils which contain polyunsaturated fatty acid as fatty-acid component, preferably eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, dihomo( gamma )-linolenic acid, or mead acid. The lower alcohol is ethanol or methanol. The catalyst is alkali catalyst, preferably lower alcoholate or hydroxide of alkali metal. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester is 80 weight% or more, preferably 90 weight% or more. Preferred Property: The polyunsaturated fatty acid alkyl ester has acid value of 0.5 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate or ammonium hydroxide solution and has concentration of 0.1-15 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The useful by-product is xylose oligomer, furan and/or organic acid. The cellulosic biomass comprises palm by-product, Phragmites communis, purple eulalia, rice straw, Eucalyptus, poplar and oak. Preferred Method: In the step (c), the pre-treatment temperature is 150-230 degrees C and pre-treatment time is 2-30 minutes, the steam pressure is 1.5-50 atmosphere. In the step (a), the immersion time is 6-12 hours. The alkali solution used for immersion is recycled to remove lignin by extraction and reused. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Composition: The waste-treatment apparatus further has heat exchanger, heating gas supplying unit, and column switching unit. The fuel cell unit is chosen from molten carbonate fuel cell and solid oxide fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The total volume of ethane and ethylene in the mixed gas is 40-100%. The volume ratio of ethane and ethylene in mixed gas is 20:1-1:20.The mixed gas further comprises a gas including at least one hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, propane, propylene and/or carbon dioxide. Preferred Method: The mixed gas is a pyrolysis gas generated by thermal decomposition of naphtha. The contacting of hydroquinone with the mixed gas containing ethane and ethylene is carried out at 0-30 degrees C under10-60 atmospheric pressure. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Solid catalyst is prepared by using magnetic field attraction to discard supernatant. Calcining is performed by using nitrogen protection. Dipping is performed once or repeatedly. Preferred Compositions: Concentration of Mg(Ac)2 solution is 20-25%. Concentration of Ca(Ac)2 solution is 20-25%. Molar ratio of methanol and oil is 10-12, and amount of catalyst is 10-15%. Preferred Conditions: Esterification temperature is 65-70 degrees C and esterification time is 2-4 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The enzyme is cooled to not greater than 15 degrees C for at least 15 hours before using. Preferred Components: The concentration of enzyme is not greater than 3 g/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Inoculum size of the above-mentioned strain is 5-20 vol.%. Bacterial count of the inoculum is not less than 109 bacterial cells/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fermentation medium comprises (in wt.%): Bacillus subtilis (5-50), oxalic acid Penicillium HB09 (45-50), Bacillus megaterium (5-50) and Streptomyces HD12-4 (10-70). Preferred Condition: Separating process is performed at 158-164 degrees C, preferably 211-213 degrees C and 0.5-0.6 megapascal, preferably 1.9-2.0 megapascal in the separating tank for 1-2 minutes. Preferred Components: Nutrient source is mixture of chicken manure, rapeseed or their mixture. Auxiliary material is mixture of corn flour, wheat bran or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 65-75 wt.% copper flake or cuprous oxide, and 15-20% acrylic resin; and further contains 1-20% glass or plastic hollow microspheres, and a propelleant. The hollow microspheres preferably having a particle size of 2-100 microns. The copper flake has a particle size of 15-25 microns. The copper flake has an aspect ratio of 7-20. Preferred Container: The composition and the propellant are mixed together. The composition and the propellant are located in separate compartments. Preferred Components: The propelleant is preferably propane, n-butane and/or isobutane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dielectric primer is a high molecular weight acrylic resin-based primer. ACTIVITY - Antifouling. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The stirrer is composed of an inner stirrer and an outer stirrer. The stirrer is a straight blade turbine stirrer. The stirrer is sleeved with the stirring shaft, and located in the central area of the fermentation tank. The outer stirrer comprises a group of stirring shafts vertically passes through the lower part of a horizontal cross rod and vertical blades suspended on the horizontal cross rod at the two ends. The height of the horizontal bar is slightly higher than upper edge of the partition wall. The two ends of the fermentation tank in the middle area are provided with the vertical blades. The tank body is covered on the outer surface of insulating layer made of insulating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Enzyme is from Candida antartica, thermophilic bacteria Thermomyces Ianuginosus, Pseudomonas cepacia, Candida rugosa, and/or Mucor miehei. Weight ratio of 2 immobilized enzyme is 1:1-1:10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Helicid ester derivative is prepared by mixing helicid and acyl donor in organic solvent or ionic liquid medium to obtain helicid concentration of 1-40 mg/ml in which molar ratio of acyl donor and helicid is 1-20:1, adding glucosidase enzyme with mass ratio of 0.1-10:1 at 30-60 degrees C, oscillating at 100-300 rpm steed under atmospheric pressure, performing transesterification reaction for 0.5-72 hours, separating, and purifying.Preferred Compositions: Acyl donor is vinyl carboxylate, acid anhydride, methyl carboxylate, or ethyl carboxylate. Organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, acetone, acetonitrile, dioxane, tert-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, or pyridine, and ionic liquid medium is 5-95 v/v% ion-containing liquid mixed with organic solvent. Ionic liquid contains anion, such as tetrafluoroborate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ion, or amino acid ion and cation, such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ion, 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ion, quaternary ammonium ion, quaternary phosphorus ion, ammonium ion, or N-alkyl pyridinium ion. Preferred Process: Separation and purification is performed by filtering enzyme, vacuum concentrating, crystallizing with methanol, ethanol, or ethyl acetate, and subjecting to silica gel column chromatography.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Selenium-enriched vermicompost is prepared by mixing domestic sludge and cow dung, adding 30 mg sodium selenite, stirring, adding water, adjusting water content to 50-60% and pH of 6.2-8.7, covering cloth, fully decomposing, adjusting water content to 60-75% and pH of 6.0-7.2, and inoculating with Eisenia fetida at 18-28 degrees C for 30-60 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The lipase is derived from animal, plant or microorganism. The lipase is penicillium lipase, preferably expanding penicillium lipase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix is polyethylene alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. The substrate is polyethylene alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sludge is obtained after processing beer brewing sewage. The wood vinegar is obtained by pyrolyzing plant roots, stems, leaves, and fruit shells. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: High-temperature methanation catalyst comprises 5-30 wt.% ceria, 20-50 wt.% alumina, 10-35 wt.% zirconia, 20-40 wt.% nickel oxide, 5-10 wt.% calcium oxide and/or magnesium oxide, and 5-10 wt.% chromium(III) oxide and/or manganese(II) oxide. It further comprises 2-5 wt.% graphite as molding aid. Concentrations of cerium nitrate, aluminum nitrate and zirconium nitrate solutions are 4.74-28.42 g/L, 73.55-183.87 g/L and 13.77-48.18 g/L, respectively. Preferred Component: Precipitating agent is 8-12 wt.% sodium carbonate. Preferred Method: Drying is carried out at 80-120 degrees C for 4-8 hours. Calcining is carried out at 450-600 degrees C for 4-6 hours. Soaking is carried out at 40-60 degrees C for 6-10 hours. Baking is carried out at 350-450 degrees C for 4-6 hours. Washing involves dispersing in deionized water at 70 degrees C for 4 times with washing time of 15 minutes. Method further comprises grinding, sieving through 200 mesh screen, adding graphite, and mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Magnesium salt is magnesium nitrate. Precipitating agent is 6-9 wt.% sodium carbonate solution. Preferred Method: Washing temperature is 50-80 degrees C. Drying temperature is 90-150 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lubricant is magnesium stearate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The lanthanum rare earth element may be replaced with cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium and yttrium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The organic fertilizer comprises 67 wt.% chicken manure, 18 wt.% tobacco waste, 10 wt.% conditioning agent, 1 wt.% pH regulator, 3.9 wt.% deodorizing agent, and 0.1 wt.% microbial fermentation agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: Mass ratio of crop straw, poultry cultivation waste and rural solid domestic garbage of organic rotten component is 1:1.5-2.5:0.7.5. Water content of crop straw is 15%; livestock and poultry cultivation wastewater content is 30%; rural solid domestic garbage of organic rotten component water content is 45%. Preferred Process: Fermentation temperature is 20-35 degrees C with relative humidity of 50-80% for 7 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic matter-decomposing inoculant agent is green trichoderma and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, at bacterial colony forming unit number ratio of 1-2:1-2 or 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Fertilizer comprises 25 pts. wt. animal manure, 25 pts. wt. crop straw, 2 pts. wt. chitin, 10 pts. wt. moss, 19 pts. wt. pine needle, 15 pts. wt. carbamide, 2 pts. wt. biological enzyme and 2 pts. wt. organic fertilizer fermenting agent. Weight ratio of bio-enzyme and organic fertilizer fermenting agent is 1:1. Weight ratio of animal manure and crop straw is 1:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Method includes crushing oat, wheat bran and wheat. Aerobic fermentation temperature is 65-75 degrees C for 18-25 days. Preferred Component: Mass content of water in poultry is more than 65%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The plant stems and leaves are from sweet potato vine, watermelon, potato, and cucumber. The animal manure is chicken, duck, pig, cattle, or sheep manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: Mixed bacteria powder includes yeast, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, fine yellow streptomyces, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The straw decomposing agent further comprises 30 kg soil, 14.29 kg urea, and 2.857 kg calcium superphosphate for decomposing 1000 kg straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises 20-35 pts. wt. boric acid, 20-35 pts. wt. potassium carbonate, 10-15 pts. wt. ammonium molybdate, 10-15 pts. wt. citric acid, 2-8 pts. wt. trace element, and 15-20 pts. wt. composite microbial inoculum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The composite microbial inoculum is 10 billion/ml yeast, 5 billion/ml Lactobacillus, 10 billion/ml Bacillus subtilis, 100 billion/ml photosynthetic bacteria, 10 billion/ml Streptomyces, and 5 billion/ml Bacillus laterosporus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The trace element is 1-10 pts. wt. zinc, 0.2-1 pt. wt. copper, 0.2-1 pt. wt. iron, and 0.2-1 pt. wt. manganese. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The special fruit composite biological liquid fertilizer comprises 25.5 pts. wt. calcium fertilizer EDTA-calcium, 0.28 pt. wt. manganese fertilizer EDTA-manganese, 0.06 pt. wt. copper fertilizer EDTA-copper, 0.085 pt. wt. zinc fertilizer EDTA-zinc, 30.5 pts. wt. magnesium fertilizer EDTA-magnesium, 0.87 pt. wt. iron fertilizer EDTA-iron, 0.058 pt. wt. zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 19 pts. wt. magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05 pt. wt. manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.18 pt. wt. boric acid, 0.15 pt. wt. potassium sulfate, 0.88 pt. wt. humic acid, 4.65 pts. wt. soy protein, 8.8 pts. wt. aloe juice, 1.78 pts. wt. seaweed powder, 0.024 pt. wt. sodium silicate, 0.19 pt. wt. anhydrous ferrous sulfate, 0.88 pt. wt. brassinolide, 42.95 pts. wt. Bacillus thuringiensis, 8.6pts. wt. Bacillus megaterium, 43.98 pts. wt. Pseudomonas fluorescens and 4.29 pts. wt. Streptomyces jingyangensis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The Bacillus thuringiensis number is GIM1.151. The Bacillus megaterium number is CGMCC1.223. The Pseudomonas fluorescens number is CICC21918. The Streptomyces jingyangensis number is GIM4.92. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant; Pesticide.    ADMINISTRATION - The liquid fertilizer is administered by diluting 1 mL biofertilizer to 500 times and spraying 0.8-1 L biofertilizer per square meter of tomato seedlings.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polar solvent is preferably water. The polar non-protonic solvent is preferably dimethyl sulfoxide. The molar ratio of cyclohexane and sodium sulfide is 1:0.5-2, preferably 1:0.5-0.8. The volume ratio of mixed solvent and cyclohexane is 1-1.5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of amino antipyrine liquor and saturated ammonium sulfate solution is 0.2-0.6:1. The volume ratio of amino antipyrine liquor, water and concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:1-2.5:0.03-0.28. The volume of mixture of chloroform and amino antipyrine liquor to mixture of water and concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:0.6-1.4. The volume of mixture of activated carbon and amino antipyrine liquor to mixture of water and concentrated sulfuric acid is 0.005-0.013:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal compound is chosen from alkali metal bicarbonate or alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 1,1-diphenylethylene and ethyl chloro oxime is 1:1-3, preferably 1:1.5-2.5. The molar ratio of 1,1-diphenylethylene and alkali metal is 1:2-6, preferably 1:4-5. The solvent is chosen from dichloromethane, isopropanol, methanol, petroleum ether, preferably dichloromethane, isopropanol or methanol. The weight ratio of ethyl chloro oxime and solvent is 1:2-1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is 200, 400, 600, 1000, 2000 or 4000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Highly efficient synthetic fuel additive contains 80% methanol, 2.5% acetone solution, 10% water, 0.3% copper, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, 2% petroleum ether, 2.7% ethanol, and 1% rose fragrance in which methanol is 90-95% pure methanol, acetone solution contains 95% acetone, and water is purified or filtered tap water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Auxiliary agents are oleic acid, n-octane, castor oil, coconut oil, and/or stearic acid with volume ratio of 0-1:0-2:0-0.5:0-0.2:0-0.4. Volume ratio of methanol and auxiliary agent is 1:0.1-2. Volume ratio of methanol and auxiliary agent mixture and diesel fuel is 1:2-5. Preferred Conditions: Ultrasonic dispersion frequency is 80 kHz. Ultrasonic dispersion time is 10-30 minutes. Stirring speed is 200 r/minute and stirring time is 0.5-1.5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of methanol is 15 wt.% with respect to weight of oil raw material. Light oil is condensate oil, naphtha, or light oil. Preferred Process: Biodiesel is manufactured by using waste oil, edible low fatty acid oil, tanners, slathering, plant scraps oil, and/or animal oils, removing impurities, purifying, dehydrating, mixing 1000 g raw oil and 150 g methanol, stirring at 300 r/minute, heat preserving for 40 minutes, standing for 3 hours to form layers, collecting upper layer, and adding 5 g light oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Concentration of aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is 1-5%. Concentration of aqueous zinc chloride solution is 45-60%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Temperature of treatment with aqueous hydrochloric acid is 60-90 degrees C and treatment time is 1-2 hours. Temperature of treatment with NaOH solution is 70-100 degrees C and treatment time is 1.5-2 hours. Temperature of reaction with zinc chloride and aluminum catalyst is 70-90 degrees C and reaction time is 1.5-2 hours. Temperature of reaction with phosphotungstic acid is 80-90 degrees C and reaction time is 8-12 hours. Preferred Process: Biological gasoline is prepared by mixing 5 kg dry Aspergillus niger biomass with 15 L of 1% aqueous hydrochloric acid, stirring at constant temperature of 90 degrees C for 1 hour, removing water by centrifuging, adding 15 L of 15% sodium hydroxide solution, boiling while stirring for 1.5 hours to remove protein, centrifuging to remove water, washing until neutral, bleaching with 5% H2O2 to obtain 0.9 kg chitin, adding 0.9 kg chitin to 150 kg 60 mass% aqueous zinc chloride solution, adding 0.1 kg aluminum chloride, reacting by stirring at constant temperature of 90 degrees C for 1.5 hours, extracting thrice with 300 L petroleum ether, rotary evaporating to obtain 0.3 kg 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, recycling aqueous phase and extracting agent, adding 3 kg ethanol, and 15 g phosphotungstic acid, reacting at constant temperature of 80 degrees C for 8 hours, distilling to obtain 0.28 kg 5-ethoxymethylfurfural and recovering unreacted alcohol, and mixing 0.28 kg 5-ethoxymethylfurfural with 0.28 kg standard gasoline blends.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Compositions: Sulfur and nitrogen fixing sludge lignite molding fuel contains 10-12 pts. wt. domestic sludge, 74-80 pts. wt. lignite, 4-6 pts. wt. aluminum sludge, and 6-8 pts. wt. additives. Additives contains 85-92 wt.% calcium oxide, 3-5 wt.% potassium carbonate, and 5-10 wt.% potassium hydroxide. Domestic sludge is sludge which is not pre-dried. Aluminum sludge is lightly dehydrated sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Production process prior to modulation forming includes wet material processing which is performed by screening wet material in roller sieve b, transferring in drying furnace, drying wet material interior in hot air furnace, drawing furnace-dried material in exhaust fan, removing dust, and transferring to inclined feeding machine using returning belt conveyor. Finished product pressed block is packed using packaging machine after cooling. Preferred Conditions: Hot air furnace temperature is 400 degrees C higher than drying furnace temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Acid value of oil is 10-240 mg KOH/g. Preferred Components: Oil comprises long chain saturated fatty acids e.g. lauric acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, or unsaturated fatty acids e.g. oleic acid, linoleic acid or ricinoleic acid obtained from animal, vegetable or waste oil e.g. pyrolysis reaction waste oil. Acidic catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid, p-toulenesulfonic acid, amino acid, solid acid or ionic liquid. Preferred Processes: Dropwise addition of methanol is administered using peristaltic pump or centrifugal pump, preferably through pipeline submerged in the reaction vessel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The bio-enzyme fertilizer comprises 5 pts. wt. bio-enzyme, 300 pts. wt. agricultural waste, 320 pts. wt. livestock and poultry manure, 50 pts. wt. amino acids, 100 pts. wt. humic acid, 50 pts. wt. plant ash, 20 pts. wt. shell powder, 5 pts. wt. fermentation enzyme agent, 50 pts. wt. mineral powder and 100 boron soil powder. The agricultural waste includes straw and/or soybean meal or rice hull. The livestock and poultry manure includes chicken manure, cow dung, sheep manure, horse dung or pig manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves controlling insect pests and field diseases of Pimenta by limited use of mineral pesticides including lime sulfur mixture and bordeaux mixture, plant source pesticide including matrine and chinaberry preparation, microbial source pesticide including Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana, and organic insecticide for preventing and controlling e.g. root rot, anthracnose, other plant diseases and insect pests. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine and ammonia is 1:20-120. The solvent is chosen from water, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, toluene, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, dimethyl formamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran. The usage amount of solvent is 5-10 times of 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. The usage amount of ammonia is 50-80 times of 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. The obtained solid-liquid separation liquid is recycled as solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Vegetable seedling matrix has water content of 35-50wt.% (preferably 45wt.%), total porosity of 65-95% (preferably 70wt.%), organic matter of not less than 20%, total nutrient content of 3-5wt.% (preferably 5wt.%), particle size of 0.1-4.9 mm (preferably 2-3mm), bulk density of 0.2-0.8g/cm3 (preferably 0.5g/cm3), gas and water ratio of 1:2-4 (preferably 1:3), electrical conductivity value of not more than 2.5mS/cm (preferably 1.8mS/cm) and pH value of 5.8-7.5 (preferably 6.8). Total nutrient is nitrogen, phosphorus (P205) and potassium (K20). Decomposing agent is actinomycetes, Saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus. Preferred Composition: Vegetable seedling matrix comprises coconut shell powder base material, alcoholic fermentation biogas feed, carbonized rice husk, biogas sludge, perlite and vermiculite in volume ratio of 26:26:16:2:5:25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fermenting agent is effective microbial agent. Auxiliary material is plant ash, calcium powder or calcium phosphate. Preferred Method: Water content is adjusted by dehydrating, drying or adding auxiliary materials. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Fermentation bacteria is prepared by mixing original strains with aqueous molasses at ratio of 1:20, fermenting at 40 degrees C for 3 days, adding 25-35 pts. wt. cottonseed powder, 10-20 pts. wt. rapeseed cake, 10-20 pts. wt. distillers grain, 10-20 pts. wt. bentonite, 10-20 pts. wt. flour and 4-6 pts. wt. corn flour, mixing, placing in plastic bag, sealing and fermenting for 2 months at room temperature. Preferred Composition: Original strain is composed of Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis at ratio of 1:1:1. Preferred Component: Water temperature is 30-50 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Additive contains 31 mass%, preferably 33 mass% water and 6 mass%, preferably 4 mass% ferric nitrate. Methanol is 99.9% methanol and mass ratio of methanol to additive is 1000:5. Alcohol-based liquid fuel contains 0.025 mass% ferrocene with respect to total mass of alcohol-based liquid fuel. Alcohol-based liquid fuel contains camphor essence additive which is 0.005 mass% with respect to total mass of alcohol-based liquid fuel. Preferred Process: Alcohol-based liquid fuel smell is eliminated by adding camphor essence.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Surface modified zeolite is prepared by immersing zeolite in acidified attapulgite dissolved in deionized water, dissolving silver nitrate or ferric nitrate in deionized water, adding silver nitrate or ferric nitrate solution to attapulgite saturated zeolite, adding deionized water, placing in water bath at 70 degrees C, stirring for 4 hours, filtering, drying, and calcining in muffle furnace at 300-500 degrees C for 4 hours Preferred Compositions: Silver nitrate or ferric nitrate metal catalyst loading ratio on attapulgite saturated acidified zeolite is 1% silver (Ag)-4% iron (Fe)/zeolite attapulgite, 1% Ag-5% Fe/zeolite attapulgite, 2% Ag-4% Fe/zeolite attapulgite, 2% Ag-5% Fe/zeolite attapulgite, 2% Ag-8% Fe/zeolite attapulgite, 4% Fe/zeolite attapulgite, 5% Fe/zeolite attapulgite, 8% Fe/zeolite attapulgite, or 10% Fe/zeolite attapulgite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Gasoline base oil contain 50-85% gasoline oil No. 93, 5-15% solvent oil No. 120 or 190, 8-20% naphtha, 3-6% industrial petroleum ether, 2-8% pentane, 1-5% octane, and 1.5-5 mixture of pentane and heptane. Methanol fuel contains 3-10 pts. wt. methanol-based fuel and 90-97 pts. wt. methanol fuel vehicle. Methanol fuel is greater than or equal to 99% pure industrial methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Seed oil is Jatropha seed oil, Camptotheca seed oil, and/or Pistacia chinensis seed oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Solid heteropolyacid catalyst is heteropolyacid with Keggin structure including phosphotungstic acid, phosphorus-molybdenum acid, phosphorus-vanadium-molybdenum acid, silicon acid, and/or silicon-molybdenum acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Short chain alcohol is methanol or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Auxiliary material is bacterial residue, straw powder, sawdust or rice bran. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Component: The fermentation initiating agent comprises group A including Bacillus methylotrophicus (UTM401CGMCC 5927), Anoxybacillus mongoliensis (UTM501CGMCC 5928), Anoxybacillus pushchinoensis (UTM601CGMCC 5929), and/or Calditerricolayamamurae (UTM80ICGMCC 6185); and group B including Bacillus (UTMOICGMCC 5641), Geobacillus (UTM02CGMCC 5642), and/or Bacillus (UTM03CGMCC 5643). The fermentation initiating agent adding amount is 1-1.5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fermentation initiating agent further comprises ferrous chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrate, and lime at a weight ratio of 0.05-0.15: 0.01-0.03: 0.02-0.05: 0.05-0.15.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Aerobic fermentation is carried out for 3-6 times, controlling material moisture content at 30-40 %, and fermenting for 10-20 days. The static fermentation is carried out for 12-15 days at a moisture content of 30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The multi-stage series-tank reactor is provided with a first tank reactor (301), a second tank reactor (302), the third stage reactor tank (303) and four-tank reactor (3). The reactor pressure is maintained to 0.09-0.5 MPa. The first to third-stage reaction tank reactor temperature is controlled to 30-60 degrees C. The reaction temperature of fourth stage tank reactor (304) is controlled to -10 degrees C to 30 degrees C. The cryogenic storage tank (4) is connected with a low temperature tank (4) by the first tank reactor discharge port via an inlet conduit. The recoverd product is stored at 15 degrees C in the cryogenic tank. Final reactor stage gas in a burning furnace is discharged into an incinerator. The burning furnace has temperature of 1200 degrees C. The first stage static mixing reactor (601) and a second stage static mixer reactor (602) are connected with each other in series. The second stage feed port of a stripper is connected with a discharge port of the static mixing reactor. The discharge port of the second stage static mixer reactor (602) is provided with a pressure relief valve.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of denier seed cake and ethanol aqueous solution is 1 kg: 3-10 L. The weight ratio of fluid extract and water is 1:2-5. The weight ratio of ethyl acetate and water is 1-3:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of macroporous adsorption resin and denier seed cake is 1-5:1. The macroporous adsorption resin is ADS-7, X-5 and/or AB-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cosolvent is nonionic cosolvent surfactant, anionic surfactant, cosurfactant and/or stabilizer compound. The nonionic surfactant is Span 60 (RTM: sorbitan monostearate), Span 80 (RTM: sorbitan monooleate), Tween 60 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate), Tween 80 (RTM: polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), Tergitol NP-10 (RTM: polyethylene glycol trimethylnonyl ether), polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether (emulsifier OP-10), Peregal O (RTM: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether) , AEO-3 (RTM: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether) and/or Emulsifier MOA-3 (RTM: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether) (AEO-9). The anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium stearate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, sodium lauryl sulfate, dibutyl naphthalene sulfonic sodium polyoxyethylene isooctyl alcohol ether phosphate, polyethylene glycol-400 monooleate ester, succinic acid bis(2-methyl-pentyl ester) and/or sodium polyoxyethylene lauric acid succinate. The cosurfactant is amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, 2-hexanol and/or n-butanol. The stabilizer is sodium edetate, sodium oxalate, sodium salt and/or citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises mixing pyrazole, triflusal, zinc sulfate salt in a ratio of 2:2:1 in water and alcohol in a ratio of 2:1, where the ratio of triflusal and alcohol is 1:25, stirring for 60-120 minutes at normal temperature, transferring the obtained liquid into a low temperature reactor under normal pressure, refluxing at 80-100 degrees C for 48 hours, then cooling to room temperature, and allowing to stand for 5-7 days to obtain precipitated form of (I). Preferred Components: The reaction temperature is 90 degrees C. The alcohol comprises methanol or ethanol. ACTIVITY - Anticoagulant; Thrombolytic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Compositions: Atomic ratio x:y:z is 4:1:3. The alloy contains 5-10 wt.% magnesium and rare earth element, and purity of raw material metal is greater than or equal to 99.5%. Protective gas is pure helium gas or helium:argon mixed gas according to volume ratio of 1:1. Preferred Processes: The alloy is prepared by evacuating vacuum induction melting furnace to 1x 10-2-5x 10-5 Pa, passing 0.01-0.1 MPa inert gas as protection gas, heating to 1300-1600 degrees C to obtain liquid master alloy, heat-preserving for 2-6 minutes, placing directly in copper mold to obtain as-cast master alloy ingot, placing ingot in quartz tube set at the bottom of the slit, induction heating to cast ingot until completely melted under protective gas at low pressure, dropping molten alloy on surface of rotating water-cooled copper roller at speed of 10-40 m/s to obtain quenched alloy sheet, mechanically crushing and sieving through 200 meshes sieve, placing in stainless steel ball milling pot, vacuumizing after filling with highly pure argon gas, and ball milling for 2-10 hours in omni-directional planetary ball mill in which ratio of grinding media to material is 40:1, and rotating speed is 350 rpm. Alloy sheet is ground until diameter of alloy powder is less than or equal to 74 mu m, alloy powder is uniformly mixed with nickel carbonyl powder with particle diameter of 2.5 mu m according to mass ratio of 1:4, and product is cold-pressed into diameter of 15 mm of cylindrical electrode sheet at 35 MPa using full-automatic program control which simulates battery test device to test electrochemical hydrogen storage property of alloy electrode. Ball milling is performed for 1-3 hours, removing downtime of 2-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mol ratio of leucine, valine and isoleucine is 3:2:1, preferably 2:1:1. The mol ratio of nitric acid with concentration of 65 wt.% to total amount of leucine, valine and isoleucine is 1.5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: The culture medium in test tube is potato sucrose culture medium. The culture liquid comprises: 5 to 30 g/l of glucose, 5 g/l of peptone, 5 g/l of yeast extract, 0.2% of 1-8 g/l of magnesium sulfate, 00.5-2 g/l of Tween 10 (RTM: surfactant) and 9 g/l of monopotassium phosphate having pH of 5-8. Preferred Method: The amplification is conducted at 120-140 degrees C for 20 to 40 minutes. The method involves inoculating 3-5 blocks of Aspergillus oryzae strain in a 250 ml triangular bottle containing 40 to 120 ml of culture medium, where the rotating speed is 150 r/minutes; shaking culture in a shake flask under process condition, where temperature is 25 to 35 degrees C; and culturing for 24 to 72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid culture comprises: 5-30 g/l of glucose, 5 g/l of peptone, 5 g/l of yeast extract, 0.2-1 g/l of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 g/l Tween 80 (RTM: polysorbate 80), and 2-9 g/l of monopotassium phosphate, and has pH of 5-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid culture comprises: 5-30 g/l of glucose, 5 g/l of peptone, 5 g/l of yeast extract, 0.2-1 g/l of magnesium sulfate, 5-10 g/l Tween 80 (RTM: polysorbate 80), and 2-9 g/l of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and has pH of 5-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Compositions: Sewage flocculant comprises 5-6 pts. wt. polyacrylamide, 1-3 pts. wt. citric acid, 3-5 pts. wt. composite microorganism, 1-3 pts. wt. polymerized ferric chloride and 4-6 pts. wt. bentonite. The composite microorganism comprises Bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes and root nodule bacteria at 1x 105-1x 109 cells/g strain powder. Preferred Method: 0.5-1 kg sewage flocculant is added to 100 kg sewage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of diatomite, calcium aluminate and aluminum chlorohydrate is 1-4:1:1, preferably 3:1:1. The mass ratio of purifying agent and water is 1:70.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves spraying deodorant on the livestock manure after 24 hours, adding calcium oxide powder, sterilizing for 8 hours, fermenting for 24 hours, adding adsorbent and trace element, stirring uniformly, drying at high temperature, sieving for removing impurities and packing product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The composite fertilizer comprises 30-50 pts. wt. straw, 20-30 pts. wt. weathered coal, 15-20 pts. wt. peat, 2-10 pts. wt. powdered rock phosphate, 5-10 pts. wt. potassium mineral powder, 15-20 pts. wt. EDTA, 3-8 pts. wt. potassium fulvate, 5-15 pts. wt. rice hull powder, 20-30 pts. wt. sweet potato powder, 15-30 pts. wt. mixed strain powder, 3-5 pts. wt. carbamide, and 5-15 pts. wt. urea. The composite fertilizer is prepared by sterilizing straw, weathered coal, peat, potassium mineral powder, rice hull powder and sweet potato powder at 125-130 degrees C for 20 minutes, cooling sterilized material to 30 degrees C, mixing the mixed strain powder with cooled product, fermenting the materials for 40-72 hours, mixing weathered coal, peat, powdered rock phosphate, EDTA, potassium fulvate and urea with fermented product, and pelletizing the mixture to obtain product. Preferred Strain: The mixed strain powder comprises 3 billion cells/g yeast, 2 billion cells/g Bacillus licheniformis, 200 million cells/g B.subtilis, 200 million cells/g Streptomyces, and 200 million cells/g Azotobacter. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper salt is cuprous iodide, cuprous bromide, cuprous chloride, cuprous oxide, copper acetate monohydrate copper acetate, copper chloride or copper oxide. The amount of copper salt is 20-400 mol%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rhodium salt is rhodium catalyst, acetic acid rhodium, dichloro(cyclopentadienyl) (III) dimer, dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) (III) dimer, tri(triphenylphosphine)rhodium (I). The organic solvent is benzene, toluene, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetone or acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrate is one of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate and/or the nitrite is one of sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite. The double quaternary ammonium salt type mud remover is JN-988 type double quaternary ammonium salt type mud remover.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The ultrasonic treatment is conducted at 180 W for 20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The microstructured reactor can also be made of ceramic or glass material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The biodiesel is produced by introducing the catalyst, dimethyl carbonate and oil (A) into micromixer unit through a pump to mix uniformly, introducing the mixture into microreactor unit to react at 80-120 degrees C for 2-10 minutes, collecting the reaction product through the outlet, separating the catalyst, and then separating the unreacted dimethyl carbonate and glycerol carbonate through distillation to obtain biodiesel product.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The microstructured reactor can be made of stainless steel material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil (A) comprises vegetable oil, animal oil, and high-acid value oil. The liquid alkali catalyst comprises organic amine, guanidine, amidine, sodium alkoxide, organic alkali, or alkaline ionic liquid catalyst, and is utilized at a dosage of 2-10 % (based on the mass of oil (A)).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The microstructured reactor can also be made of PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Disclosed): The facultative anaerobic Sinibacillussoli strain GD05 s isolated from tropical rainforest soil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic waste is human and animal feces, slaughter waste, food waste, dry straw, silage straw, leaves farmers market waste, distillers, industrial organic waste or raw municipal sewage treatment plant sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic acid is tartaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, humic acid and/or malic acid. The surfactant is sorbitan fatty acid ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cellulose is sulfo cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The preprocessing system comprises 75.5-90 pts. wt. ethylene glycol, 0.5-3 pts. wt. perchloric acid and 9.5-21.5 pts. wt. water. The total mass ratio of perchloric acid-ethylene glycol-water preprocessing system and corn straw, is 15:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves adjusting pH to 5.5 and heat processing at 80 degrees C for 10 minutes after the anaerobic digestion of the sludge, where the pH is adjusted using dilute acid or alkali solution. Preferred Components: The nutrient solution comprises 1300 mg/l ammonium chloride, 250 mg/l monopotassium phosphate, 125 mg/l magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 5 mg/l ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5 mg/l zinc chloride, 0.5 mg/l nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate, 0.5 mg/l boric acid, 2.5 mg/l manganese(II) chloride hexahydrate, and 2.5 mg/l cobaltous chloride hexahydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The total carbon is selected from a group consisting of methane, ethane, propane, benzene, toluene and dichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Conditions: Culturing temperature is 20-35 degrees C and culture medium pH is 7.2. Fermentation culture medium pH is 7.2. Fermentation culturing temperature is 31 degrees C and time is 2 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluted acid solution is at least one of diluted hydrochloric acid, diluted sulfuric acid, diluted acetic acid, and diluted formic acid in a ratio of 5-10 %mass. The organic solvent is benzene, toluene, chloroform, and methylene dichloride at a concentration of 1-4 M1. The concentration of the cyclohexanone is 1-4 M2, and the concentration of the isopropyl alcohol is 0.5-2 M2. Preferred Method: The cooling is performed at 30-90 degrees C. The method involves adding 0.8-3 M1 crystallized solvent, 0.05-0.15 M1 activated carbon, and 0.05-0.15 M1 alumina, refluxing the mixture at 50-70 degrees C for 10-60 minutes, heating, distilling, and evaporating the solvent, performing heat preservation crystallization for 0.5-2 hours, and centrifuging to obtain the crude progesterone M4, where the crystallization solvent is methanol, ethanol, and acetone. The mother liquid comprises crude product mother liquor or refined mother liquor, or their mixtures. The distillation is performed at 90-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cosmetic composition comprises a cosmetically acceptable medium. Preferred Components: The organosilane compound (A) is (CH3)(CH3CH2O)2Si CH2CH2CH2O(CH2CH2O)7CH3 or (CH3)(CH3O)2SiCH2CH2C(CH3)2O(CH2CH2O)18(C3H6O)18H. The cosmetic ingredient (B) is selected from emollients, waxes, moisturizers, surface active materials, thickeners, water phase stabilizing agents, pH controlling agents, preservatives and cosmetic biocides, sebum absorbants, sebum control agents, vegetable extracts, botanical extracts, vitamins, proteins and their derivatives, amino-acids and their derivatives, pigments, colorants, fillers, silicone conditioning agents, cationic conditioning agents, UV absorbers, sunscreen agents, antidandruff agents, antiperspirant agents, deodorant agents, skin protectants, hair dyes, nail care ingredients, fragrances, perfume, antioxidants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, propellant gases, fatty alcohols, color care additives, pearlising agents, chelating agents, film formers, styling agents, ceramides, and/or suspending agents, (preferably pigments, colorants, or dyes). Preferred Definitions:    n=2;    a=4-30;    R1=methyl;    R2=methyl or ethyl;    R3=propylene or -CH2CH2C(CH3)2-.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
EXAMPLE - To a solution of the 5 g compound XVIa in 50 ml methanol, 10 ml ethyl acetate and 3.71 g acetic acid with stirring at -12 degrees C was added 0.24 g sodium borohydride in 5 ml N,N-dimethylacetamide over 30 minutes. The mixture was stirred at -15 degrees C for 0.5 hour. 10% aqueous solution of 75 ml sodium chloride, 75% 1.50 g sulfuric acid and 50 ml ethyl acetate were added to the mixture, and then an organic layer was separated. After work up, the 4.41 g, 88% purified amorphous compound (IIa) was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst includes metal, alloys, oxide, and minerals or solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction products comprise hydrocarbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The preparation of (I), comprises reacting (hetero)aryl compounds of formula (Q-Y1-M) (IV) with heterocyclic compounds of formula (V) to obtain heterocyclic compounds of formula (Ib).M = B(OR)2 or Sn(R)3;X4 = Cl, Br, I, O-triflate or O-mesylate; andT = CH or N. ACTIVITY - Insecticide. The insecticidal activity of (I) was tested against Myzus persicae. The results showed that 2-(6-(1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine exhibited 100% insecticidal activity at an application rate of 500g/ha.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 12 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. 2-(6-(1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine of formula (Ia), 5-(6-(pyrimidin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,5'-bi-1,3-thiazole, 4-(5-(6-(pyrimidin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyridazine, 2-(6-(2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine and 2-(6-(2-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine.    EXAMPLE - 0.15 g 2-(6-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-pyrimidine was mixed with 0.35 g cesium carbonate, 4.81 mg copper(I) oxide, 18.4 mg salicylaldoxime, 0.165 g 4-bromoisothiazole and 1 ml N,N-dimethylformamide. Then the obtained reaction mixture was heated to 110 degrees C for 24 hours. After cooling, the solvent was removed to obtain (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of catalyst comprises dissolving magnesium precursor in deionized water or an alcohol solvent, adding an alumina precursor solution and magnesium oxide in the mixture, and drying and calcining the surface of the catalyst support to prepare alumina catalyst support, dissolving nickel and cobalt in deionized water or an alcohol solvent, impregnating the mixture with a cobalt precursor and nickel precursor and then drying and calcining the mixture to obtain active component, mixing the catalyst support and the active component to obtain a primary molded product, dissolving the primary molded product in deionized water or an alcohol solvent and then impregnating with a solution of calcium precursor, and drying and calcining the mixture to produce the catalyst. Preferred Components: The calcium oxide is present in an amount of 0.1-5 pts. wt. The nickel and the cobalt are present in an amount of 5-30 pts. wt. The nickel and the cobalt have a contrast ratio of 0.2-50. The magnesium oxide is present in an amount of 0.5-20 pts. wt. The coke oven gas (COG) has a space velocity of 500-100000 L(COG)/Kg-cat/h. Preferred Method: The step of dissolving the magnesium precursor in the deionized water or the alcohol solvent is performed at a temperature of 80-130 degrees C. The step of adding the alumina precursor solution and the magnesium oxide in the mixture is performed at 100-130 degrees C for 5-10 hours. The step of drying and calcining the surface of the catalyst support is performed at 200-900 degrees C for 3-10 hours. The step of mixing the catalyst support and the active component is performed at 5000-1100 degrees C for 5-10 hours. The steam reforming process is performed at 650-950 degrees C and reaction pressure of 1-20 bar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Soil is tropical soil, deformed natural soil or compacted soil. Nutrient promotes precipitation of calcium carbonate by bacteria. Nutrient mixture comprises yeast extract (4g), glucose (5g), calcium acetate (11g, 21g or 15g) and water (1L). Nutrient conducts precipitation of other chemical compounds such as oxy-hydroxides of iron and aluminum by using bacteria. Substrate for nutrients is lime, cement or bitumen. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of 5-methyl-2,3-pyridine dicarboxylate and sodium hypochlorite is 1:0.6-1.1. The molar ratio of 5-methyl-2,3-pyridine dicarboxylate and triethylamine is 1:0.9-1.4, preferably 1:1.02. The molar ratio of quaternary ammonium salt and sodium methoxide solution is 1:1-3, preferably 1:1.2. The molar ratio of 5-methyl-2,3-pyridine dicarboxylate and sodium hypochlorite is 1:0.7. ACTIVITY - Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mol ratio of indazole bromide-trans-(tetrachloro-(1H-indazole) ruthenate), and hydrochloric acid is (1:4)-(1:6). The mol ratio of indazole bromide-trans-(tetrachloro-(1H-indazole) ruthenate) and sodium chloride is (1:10)-(1:2). The indazole bromide-trans-(tetrachloro-(1H-indazole) ruthenate) has concentration of 0.02-0.05 mol/l. The chloroform in chloroform water solution is 20-40 vol.%. Preferred Method: The reaction is performed under protection of nitrogen at 40-65 degrees C for 6-10 hours. ACTIVITY - Cytostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solid acid catalyst is in the form of H-Bentonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecular weight of nyamplung oil is 888 g/mol and the weight of methanol is 34.64 g. Preferred Method: The solid acid catalyst and methanol is added to a three neck flask and the temperature is raised to 60 degrees C and then maintained for 120 minutes. In process (P1), the biodiesel is evaporated to remove residual methanol. In method (P1), glycerol and soap are separated by centrifuge. In method (P1), the biodiesel is washed with distilled water to dissolve the residual glycerol in the separating funnel, and diluted with water the rest of anhydrous Na2SO4. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer in ethylamine-based supporting resin is polystyrene. The molar ratio of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-Arg(amino acid side chain protecting group)-hydroxyl compound and ethylamino-based carrier resin is 1-10:1. The amount of Pro substituted in amine-Pro-ethylamino-based carrier resin is 0.6-0.9 mmol/g. The content of ethylamine in carrier resin is 0.8-1 mmol/g. Preferred Process: The sodium amide is added to the carrier resin, reacted at 5-40 degrees C for 2-12 hours, the resultant resin is washed, and reacted with ethyl iodide at 5-30 degrees C for 2-12 hours. The acid cracking process is carried out in presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The coupling reaction of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-Pro-hydroxyl compound is carried out using condensing agent chosen from carbodiimide-based condensing agent, onium salt-based condensing agent, organic phosphorus condensing agent, and other condensing agent which enhances condensation of carboxylic acid and amine.
ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant; Antibacterial; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In producing composite enzyme, the enzyme is alkaline pectinase, xylanase, mannose and ligninase; the mannase is from CGMCC NO: 6226 strain; the ligninase is from CGMCC NO: 6225 strain; the alkaline pectinase activity is 1000-1500 mu /ml, the xylanase activity is 800-1200 mu /ml, the mannanase activity is 800-1200 mu /ml, and the ligninase activity is 20-80 mu /ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of (III), comprises dissolving (I) and a bromine source in a solvent, and carrying out bromination in presence of an acid binding agent. The preparation of (III): (I) is prepared by reacting 4-(4-cyclopropyl-naphthalen-1-yl)-4H-(1,2,4)triazole-3-thiol (Ia) with halogenated compound (RX) in a solvent in presence of an acid binding agent; (Ia) is prepared by carrying out ring-closure reaction of N-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (IIa) with N,N-dimethylformamide dialkyl acetal in a solvent; (IIa) is prepared by reacting 4-cyclopropyl-1-naphthylamine with carbon disulfide in presence of an alkali to obtain N-(4-cyclopropyl-1-naphthyl)dithiocarbamate salt, and then reacting N-(4-cyclopropyl-1-naphthyl)dithiocarbamate salt with hydrazine hydrate. Preferred Components: The bromine source in the bromination reaction is liquid bromine, bromine, N-bromosuccinimide or 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. The N,N-dimethylformamide dialkyl acetal is N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal or N,N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal. The alkali is sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.X = chloro, bromo, iodo or triflate group. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 compounds (A) are specifically claimed, which are 4-(4-cyclopropyl-naphthalen-1-yl)-4H-(1,2,4)triazole-3-thiol (Ia), (4-(4-cyclopropyl-naphthalen-1-yl)-4H-(1,2,4)triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester and N-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The machine of identify information comprises the sensor and/or probe, a central controller or server, operator, actuator, digital cable or signal cable and simulate a programmable logic controller (PLC) can identify of information. The operator is a computer or computer system, a human-machine interaction interface is a touch display screen embedded or embedded non-touch display screen. The actuator is selected from a pump, a valve, a flow amount and/or flow rate controller, a temperature controller, a pressure controller, a pH regulator, a stirrer, a concentration controller, the fermentation time controller and oxidation-reduction potential controller. The biomass fermentation reactor is in high temperature continuous flow type reactor (CSTR) or up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Process: The process parameter and/or operation condition is the feeding flow rate, material flow, material flow amount, temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, pressure, conductivity, oxygen content, stirring speed, concentration and/or fermentation time.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution composition is called AF-1 solution, consisting of: coconut shell charcoal 3% (w/w), alcohol 4.1% (w/w) alcohol, and liquid smoke l, 25% (w/w), water 91.6% (w/w); or called Cons solution, consisting of: coconut shell charcoal 6% (w/w), and alcohol 5.8% (w/w), water 88.3% (w/w); or called the HC solution, consisting of: coconut shell charcoal 1.5% (w/w), alcohol 1.4% (w/w) alcohol, and liquid smoke 7.5% (w/w), water 89.6% (w/w). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the ultrasonic extraction time is 0.5-1.5 hours. In the step (i), the extraction is performed for 2-6 times, preferably 3-5 times or 4 times. In the step (iii), the elution method is methanol-water gradient elution, 10% methanol-water isocratic elution, 15% methanol-water isocratic elution and 20% methanol-water isocratic elution. The methanol-water elution flow speed is 20-30 ml/minute, preferably 25 ml/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen source is ammonium salt, nitrate, ammonium hydroxide, peanut cake powder, soybean cake powder, cotton seed cake powder, corn steep liquor, yeast powder, fish meal, silkworm chrysalis meal, peptone, bran, lees, and animal excrement. The carbon source comprises waste mycelium of plant straw, sugar compound, ester compound, organic acid, organic acid ester and alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The frangible bar is made of organic glass or plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Syngas contains 4-20 vol.% carbon dioxide (CO2), 18-20 vol.% carbon monoxide (CO), 40-50 vol.% hydrogen (H2), 22-23 vol.% nitrogen (N2), 0-0.1 vol.% oxygen (O2), and 0-3 vol.% methane (CH4) and argon (Ar), sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/Nm3, and tar content is less than or equal to 0.1 mg/Nm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The desulfurization agent is limestone, dolomite, lime, slaked lime, calcium carbide sludge, and/or lime mud.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at a ratio of 15:15:15. The total nutrient comprises nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The total nutrients comprises nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises 10-20 wt.% nickel oxide, 2-10 wt.% cerium(III) oxide, 25-40 wt.% aluminum oxide, 20-30 wt.% silicon oxide and 20-30 wt.% titanium oxide. In the step (i), the particle size of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide and graphite, is less than 180 mesh sieve or 200 mesh sieve. In the step (i), the homogeneous mixture is formed according to size of phi 3.5x 3.5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide and/or acidic solution. The acid solution is concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid or hypochlorite solution. The mesoporous silica mold is SBA-15, MCM-48, KIT-6, SBA-16 or MSU-2. The high concentration alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution. The acid solution is hydrofluoric acid solution. Preferred Method: The pre-carbonization of the carbon source solution in the mesoporous silica mold is carried out at 100 degrees C, then drying for 6 hours, continuing heating to 160 degrees C and pre-carbonizing for 6 hours, to obtain carbon and silicon compound. The acid functionalization of mesoporous carbon is carried out using sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, chlorosulfonic acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon source is glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, glycerin and/or oligomeric phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cover plate and the shell are made of stainless steel. The reaction carrier is semi-solid aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Enzyme preparation contains 200-800 mg carrier, 20-50 mg organic acid, 5-15 mg polyethylene imine, 300-800 mg inorganic salt, 30-50 mg yeast, 30-40 mg protease, 30-40 mg cellulase, 30-40 mg oxidoreductase, 30-40 mg pectinase, 30-40 mg dehydrogenase, and 30-40 mg lysozyme for each 1 L water. 10 g sewage treatment agent is added for each 1 kg industrial sewage.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic salt is zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sodium selenite, calcium chloride, manganese chloride, potassium iodide, and/or sodium silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carrier is chitin. Organic acid is formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, and/or citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding coagulate into oxidation ditch in sedimentation tank to improve water quality. The hydrolysis acidification pool, an anaerobic tank and an aerobic reaction tank are provided with high efficiency biological ferrous steel beams (FSB) filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition :The fraction of oil is naphtha or light oil. The mass ratio of extracting agent and oil-containing sludge material is 15-2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The magnesium salt aqueous solution comprises magnesium chloride aqueous solution, magnesium sulfate aqueous solution, carbonate aqueous solution, or water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The traditional Chinese medicine waste residue is radix astragali residue, marigold waste residue, and radix bupleuri waste residue. The bio-organic fertilizer comprises 12 pts. wt. radix astragali residue, 6 pts. wt. marigold waste residue, 16 pts. wt. radix bupleuri waste residue 14 pts. wt. sheep manure, 30 pts. wt. slaughter waste, 1 pts. wt. A. niger, 1.5 pts. wt. T. koningii, 2.5 pts. wt. B. megaterium, 38 pts. wt. coal ash, and 110 pts. wt. high phosphorus hematite wastewater. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amino acid is leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, arginine, and/or cystine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The cellulose is hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and/or carboxymethyl cellulose. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of nitrosylsulfuric acid is 39%. The weight ratio of aloe-emodin, concentrated sulfuric acid and nitrosylsulfuric acid is 1:6-8:6-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The concentration of DMF aqueous solution is 5%. Preferred Method: The temperature is controlled at 90-95 degrees C while slowly adding nitrosylsulfuric acid. The temperature is controlled at 20-35 degrees C while slowly adding DMF aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Activating agent is chloromethylenedimethylammonium chloride, methanesulfonyl chloride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and benzenesulfonyl chloride. Catalyst is triethylamine, methyl morpholine and diisopropylethylamine. Solvent is methylene dichloride, trichloromethane, isopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and halogenated hydrocarbon or ether solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supported catalyst includes activated carbon, alumina, molecular sieve, diatomite or carbon nanotube. The active component is a complex of zinc and copper material. The loading amount of the active ingredient is not more than 1%. The targeted catalyst use amount is 300-500 g/t of the total weight of the biodiesel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biodiesel includes not greater than 98% fatty acid methyl ester. The fatty acid methyl ester is 14-18C fatty acid methyl ester; and alpha -olefin is 14-18C alpha -olefin. Preferred Method: The catalytic reaction has temperature of 250-350 degrees C, and pressure of 0.5-5 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The molar concentration of second group of substance is 25-46%, most preferably 36-46%, and that of fourth group of substance is 3-15%, most preferably 3-10%, when third group of substance is ethane and fourth group of substance is propane or propylene. The molar concentration of second group of substance is 22-36%, most preferably 26-36%, and that of fourth group of substance is 4-25%, most preferably 4-18%, when third group of substance is ethylene and fourth group of substance is propane or propylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Calcining temperature at 500-800 degrees C under air atmosphere. Preferred Components: The combustible gas is carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, propane and/or isobutane. Biomass raw material is rice hull.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Methods: The composite additives is prepared by mixing 38-45 wt.% naphtha and 41-51 wt.% petroleum benzene, adding 1-4 wt.% acetone, and mixing. Core additives is prepared by mixing 21-31 wt.% methyl tert-butyl ether and 30-36 wt.% 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, adding 30-33 wt.% 4-isopropyltoluene, and mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive comprises 0.5-1.5 pts. wt. tert-butanol, 0.5-1.5 pts. wt. isobutanol, 0.5-2 pts. wt. petroleum ether, 0-1 pt. wt. dimethoxymethane, 0-2 pts. wt. octane, 0-1 pt. wt. diethyl carbonate, 0.3-0.5 pt. wt. 2-ethylene dioxyacetate, 0.1-3 pts. wt. dibutyl phosphite, 0.5-4 pts. wt. ethyl acetate, 0-3 pts. wt. 3-dihydroxy butane, 0-25 pts. wt. diethyl ether, 0-2 pts. wt. isopropanol, 0-5 pts. wt. acetone, 0-2.5 pts. wt. benzyl alcohol, 0-0.5 pt. wt. antioxidants, 0-2 pts. wt. di-tert-butyl-containing compound, 0-0.5 pt. ethanol, 0-0.5 pt. wt. corrosion inhibitors, 0-1.5 pts. wt. iso-octane, 0-0.5 pt. wt. antiswelling agent. The methanol fuel is M40-M85.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Dosage of additive is 0.3-1.0 vol.% of the total amount of methanol-based gasoline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Tree bark is olive tree bark or hazelnut tree bark with lignin content of 35-45% and moisture content less than or equal to 8%. Tree stem is softwood. Oxidant is potassium permanganate, potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate. Softwood is spruce tree stem with lignin content of 28-35% and moisture content less than or equal to 8%. Preferred Composition: Bamboo shavings has lignin content of 23-32% and moisture content of less than or equal to 5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic phosphate vacuum anti-wear agent is tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate and/or dibutyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Ratio of leaf powder and kettle volume is 80-150 g:1 L. Ethanol concentration is 95 vol.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The strain exists in the form of spore suspension in the bio-fertilizer, where the concentration of viable spores in the spore suspension is 3-5x 1010 cfu/ml. The bio-fertilizer further includes decomposed organic matter, 1-4 pts. wt. water-soluble chitin, 2-5 pts. wt. potassium humate. The bio-fertilizer includes 20-45 pts. microbial spore suspension and 15-25 pts. decomposed organic matter. The bio-fertilizer includes 30 pts. microbial spore suspension, 20 pts. decomposed organic matter, 1.5 pts. water-soluble chitin and 3.5 pts. potassium humate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (i) comprises harvesting fresh purple leaves Eupatorium adenophorum, and removing roots by dehydrating and drying the leaves, crushing into smaller than 1 cm powder material. The step (ii) comprises performing anaerobic composting treatment. In the step (ii), the fermentation raw materials are subjected to composting treatment for 3 days. The step (iii) comprises simultaneously adding 320-400 g/l composting material and stock solution according to solid-liquid ratio of 3:10 into the biogas tank, and adding inoculum of raw material slurry into the biogas tank. The inoculum of raw material slurry is domesticated precipitate. In the step (iii), the fermentation temperature is 30-35 degrees C. In the step (ii), the biogas tank is placed in an anaerobic environment conditions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The monosodium glutamate waste comprises 12-14 wt.% nitrogen phosphorus and potassium, 20-24 wt.% organic matter, 8-12 wt.% amino acid, 4-5 wt.% humic acid, 6-8 wt.% sulfur and 12-15 wt.% water. The boric acid residue comprises 3-3.2 %mass diboron trioxide, 22-24 %mass magnesium oxide, 4-4.2 %mass calcium oxide, 9.2-9.5 %mass silicon dioxide, 1.8-2.1 %mass ferric oxide, 0.2-0.3 %mass sulfur, 0.3-0.5 %mass copper oxide and 0.3-0.4 %mass molybdenum. The B.bassiana spore count is 300-4000 billion spores/g has greater than 90% live spore rate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The viable count of photosynthetic bacteria is 1.5-2 hundred million strain/ml. The viable count of ferment fungus is 0.5-1 hundred million strain/mg. The macronutrient fertilizers are 10-15 pts. wt. of nitrogenous fertilizer, 2-5 pts. wt. of phosphate fertilizer or 3-10 pts. wt. of potassium fertilizer. The monosodium glutamate is 12-14 wt.% of potassium, 20-24 wt.% of organic matter, 8-12 wt.% of amino acid, 4-5 wt.% of humic acid, 6-8 wt.% of sulfur or 12-15 wt.% of water. The boric sludge slag is 3-3.2 wt.% of diboron trioxide, 22-24 wt.% of magnesium oxide, 4-4.2 wt.% of calcium oxide, 9.2-9.5 wt.% of silicon dioxide, 0.2-0.3 wt.% of sulfur, 0.3-0.5 wt.% of copper oxide or 1.8-2.1 wt.% of ferric oxide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inert solvent A is ketone, ester, halogenated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and/or ether, preferably ethyl acetate. Nucleophilic reagent is acetoxy anion, prepared by reacting acetate salt and alkali A. Alkali A is triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or 1,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)undec-7-ene. Acetate salt is sodium acetate, potassium acetate, lithium acetate and/or tetrabutylammonium acetate. Inert solvent B is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, acetone and/or water. Alkali B is sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide. Deprotecting reagent is fluorinated compound, including ammonium fluoride and/or tetrabutylammonium fluoride. Preferred Method: Reactions are carried out at 0-120 degrees C for 1-48 hours. Preferred Composition: Ratio of inert solvent A and compound (II) is 3-13 mL:1 g. Ratio of inert solvent B and substitution product is 1-13 mL:1 g. Molar ratio of added alkali B is 1-20:1. Molar ratio of added tetrabutylammonium fluoride is 2.0-10.0:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves performing germination for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aluminum oxide/calcium magnesium oxide composite solid base catalyst comprises 15-30 wt.% calcium magnesium oxide with particle size of 140-200 mu m. Preferred Component: The catalytically active component is calcium magnesium oxide. The high specific surface area catalyst carrier is alumina.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The raw material for biodiesel production is waste vegetable oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: Mass ratio of zeolite, wood chips and Sphagnum peat moss is 1:2:1. Earthworm is added at 1000 g/m3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Inorganic filter is zeolite particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Organic media comprises wood chips and Sphagnum peat moss.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In method, the fine filtration device comprises laminated quartz sand filter system. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves treating bean curd using enzyme (in a ratio of 0.2-0.3:1) (at 48-50 degrees C for 4-8 hours) and adding 1.5-1.8% lactic acid bacteria to the treated product (inactivating the lactic acid bacteria and enzyme at 900 degrees C for 20 minutes), and fermenting the obtained product at 37-40 degrees C for 8-16 hours, where the enzyme is phytase or acidic protease, and the content of phytase and acidic protease is 0.01-0.1 wt.% and 0.1-2 wt.% respectively. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting the collected organic wastes at 55 degrees C or more and inactivating the waste harmful microorganism, parasite egg, seed and other harmful substances and decreasing temperature to 35-55 degrees C and degrading organic material, mixing uniformly and drying to obtain product having moisture content of 40% or less. The method involves performing anaerobic fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The AT-18 enzyme composition comprises 60-90 %mass zeolite, and 10-15 %mass thermophilic and mesophilic bacterial composition. Preferred Components: The thermophilic bacterium is chosen from Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus licheniformis spores, L.paracasei, L.bulgaricus, L.casei, L.gasseri, B.stearothermophilus spores, L.brevis and Bifidobacterium bifidus. The mesophilic bacterium is chosen from B.magaterium spores, Pseudomonas putida, B.polymyxa spores, Streptomyces microflavus, Azotobacteraceae, Azorhizobium canlinodans, Azotobacter chroococcum, S.violovariabilis, B.mucilaginosus, Cellulomonas uda, S.ferrugineus, S.griseus, B.subtilis, A.vinelandii, B.cereus, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and R.galegae. Preferred Method: The AT-18 enzyme composition (0.5-1.5 %mass) is added to nutrient solution, where the nutrient solution comprises 3 %mass soybean protein, 5 %mass meat extract, 5 %mass soybean peptides, 5 %mass chitin, 10 %mass protein peptides, 5 %mass meat extract, 10 %mass milk powder, 5 %mass VITA (RTM: Instant dried bakers yeast), 3 %mass molasses, 10 %mass Eel powder, 7 %mass glucose, 5 %mass Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM)/F, 5 %mass serum, 2 %mass dicalcium phosphate, 3 %mass TC yeastolate, 5 %mass non-essential amino acids, 2 %mass beta -mercaptoethanol and 10 %mass multi-vitamin composition. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The trace element is iron, boron, zinc, copper, manganese or their mixture. The trace element is amino acid chelated and/or humic acid chelated iron, boron, zinc, copper, manganese or their mixture. The active strain comprises 15-30 pts. wt. lignin-decomposing microorganism and 1-10 pts. wt. fiber degrading microorganism. The lignin-decomposing microorganism is white rot fungus, Bacillus subtilis or their mixture. The fiber degrading microorganism is Aspergillus, Trichoderma or their mixture. The aquatic plant is hyacinth, reed or float grass. Preferred Method: The aquatic plant is crushed to length of 20 cm. The method involves adding water and adjusting water content to 30-70%. The fermentation is performed at more than 5 degrees C for more than 10 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composite fertilizer comprises 70-80 parts weight organic fertilizer component, 20-30 parts weight inorganic fertilizer component, 1-3 parts weight L.plantarum additive, and 15-25 parts weight traditional Chinese medicinal additive. The organic fertilizer component comprises 50-70 parts weight sawdust, 30-50 parts weight dairy manure, 80-100 parts weight chicken manure, and 100-120 parts weight domestic garbage. The inorganic fertilizer component comprises 5-15 parts weight potassium sulfate, 10-20 parts weight calcium hydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts weight calcium superphosphate, 3-5 parts weight calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5-15 parts weight boron mud, 1-3 parts weight ferrous sulfate, and 1-3 parts weight gypsum. The traditional Chinese medicinal additive comprises 40-50 parts weight common Cnidium fruit, 30-40 parts weight semen pharbitidis, 10-20 parts weight herba polygoni avicularis, 10-20 parts weight radix sophorae flavescentis, 20-30 parts weight fructus viticis, 10-20 parts weight Chinese mugwort leaf, 10-20 parts weight sweet wormwood, 10-20 parts weight dried lacquer, 10-20 parts weight Chinese honeylocust spine, 10-20 parts weight Chinese prickly ash, 10-20 parts weight Cyrtomium, 10-20 parts weight sweetgrass and 10-20 parts weight Dichroa. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 50 pts. wt. poultry manure, 50 pts. wt. traditional Chinese medicinal waste, 50 pts. wt. edible mushroom waste, 50 pts. wt. mineral substance, 25 pts. wt. vitamin composition, and 5 pts. wt. microbial inoculum. The mineral substance comprises 50 pts. wt. sludge, 50 pts. wt. coal gangue, 25 pts. wt. urea, 25 pts. wt. phosphorus, 25 pts. wt. potassium, 2 pts. wt. silicon, 2 pts. wt. sodium selenite, 2 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 2 pts. wt. copper sulfate, 2 pts. wt. manganese sulfate, 2 pts. wt. boric acid, 2 pts. wt. sodium molybdate and 2 pts. wt. zeolite powder. The vitamin composition comprises 1 pt. wt. vitamin B1, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B2, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B6, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B12, and 1 pt. wt. vitamin C. The microbial inoculum comprises 1 pt. wt. photosynthetic bacteria, 1 pt. wt. nitrifying bacteria, 1 pt. wt. lactic acid bacteria, 1 pt. wt. Saccharomycetes, 1 pt. wt. nitrogen fixing bacteria, 1 pt. wt. Actinomycetes, 1 pt. wt. phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 1 pt. wt. B.subtilis, and 1 pt. wt. plant growth promoting bacteria. Preferred Components: The poultry manure is one or more of pig manure, dairy manure, sheep manure, horse dung, rabbit manure, chicken manure, duck manure, and goose dung. The traditional Chinese medicinal waste is one or more of straw and traditional Chinese medicinal residue. The edible mushroom waste is one or more of waste produced during mushroom growth. Preferred Method: The mixture is fermented at 50-60 degrees C for 24 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fermented organic fertilizer comprises 105 pts. wt. vegetable waste, 50 pts. wt. chicken farm waste, 4 pts. wt. neodymium-iron-boron waste material, 3 pts. wt. hydrochloric acid, 25 pts. wt. calcium nitrate, 31 pts. wt. dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 22 pts. wt. magnesium ore powder, 40 pts. wt. vinegar residue, 8 pts. wt. C.thermocellum, 6 pts. wt. filamentous bacteria for producing succinic acid, 7 pts. wt. white Ruminococcus, 4 pts. wt. B.pumilus, 2 pts. wt. B.subtilis, and 4.5 pts. wt. B.fibrisolvens. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 10 parts mass corn powder, 1 parts mass dipotassium phosphate, 3 parts mass yeast powder, 3 parts mass peptone, 1 parts mass honey and 80 parts mass distilled water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 25 wt.% animal excrement, 25 wt.% corn straw, 25 wt.% common mineral soil, 10 wt.% potato powder, 10 wt.% wheat bran, 2 wt.% chitosan, 2 wt.% magnesium sulfate, 2 wt.% salt, 2 wt.% biological enzyme and 2 wt.% organic fertilizer fermenting agent. The weight ratio of the animal feces and corn straw is 1:1. The weight ratio of the biological enzyme and organic fertilizer fermenting agent is 1:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution having concentration of 25 weight/volume%. The inorganic salt is magnesium chloride or calcium chloride. The acid is hydrochloric acid having concentration of 2 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent in divalproex crystallization mother liquor is acetone, ethanol or butanol, preferably acetone. Preferred Property: The pH of the solid mixture containing divalproex, is 7.5-9.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The obtained reaction solution is extracted using ethyl acetate, organic phase is removed, pH of water phase is adjusted to 8-9, ethyl acetate is added for extraction, water layer is removed, organic layer is concentrated under reduced pressure and added to 30-80% ethanol aqueous solution, 10-30 times solvent is added, pH is adjusted to 3-4, and the material is concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain terbutaline sulfate crude product. The crude product is purified by adding 20-35 times methanol for dissolution, hot-filtering, cooling the filtrate for crystallization, filtering the crystals, recrystallizing the solid twice, and drying under reduced pressure. 5-15% Sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is added in an amount 3-20 times with respect to bambuterol hydrochloride, stirred for 5-10 minutes, and reacted for 3-20 hours at 105 degrees C or less under heat-refluxing conditions. The pH of water phase is adjusted to 8-9 using 0.3-1 mol/L sulfuric acid. The pH of mixed solvent of ethanol and water is adjusted to 3-4 using 0.3-1 mol/L sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During preparation of pyrazine compound, pH value is adjusted to 6-12, and reacted at 80-105 degrees C for 4-20 hours. The ratio of distilled water to water is 1:20-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid or perchloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The acipimox is prepared by adding 5.5 kg water into 10 L glass reactor, slowly adding 27 ml 98% concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring, then adding 910 g 5-methylpyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, heating at 60 degrees C, then adding 19.6 g sodium tungstate and 623 g 30% hydrogen peroxide, continuously heating, stirring for 8 hours, cooling in ice bath, crystallizing for 4 hours, filtering obtained solid and drying the solid at 100 degrees C for 12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Nocardia, small Aeromonas or mixture of at least two it.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nutrient content is white granulated sugar, protein, starch, and/or amino acid in a ratio of (1-4):(1-5):(2-7):(0.1-2) respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The soluble carrier is soluble starch. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The green Trichoderma and Saccharomyces cerevisiae respectively has a preservation number ACCC30206 and ACCC20065. The colony forming unit (cfu) ratio of Trichoderma and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is (1-2):(1-2), preferably 1:1. The rural organic waste is taken as a fermentation raw material in the preparation of organic fertilizer, where the rural organic waste is crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, and rural solid domestic waste. The mass ratio of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure and rural solid domestic waste is 1:2.5:1.5. The water content of the crop straw is 15%. The water content of the livestock and poultry waste is 30%. The water content of the rural solid domestic waste is 45%. The total bacterial content of the microbial inoculum based on the ratio of the fermented material and microbial inoculum is 5x 109 cfu. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: In the step (a1) or (c1), the culture medium comprises: 6 g soluble starch, 7.2 g corn slurry, 3 g ammonium sulfate, 3 g sodium chloride, 20 g agar powder, 2.5 g analytically pure calcium carbonate and up to 1000 ml water, with adjusting pH of 7.2. In the step (b1) the culture medium comprises: 6 g soluble starch, 7.2 g corn slurry, 3 g ammonium sulfate, 3 g sodium chloride, 20 g agar powder, 15 g standard erythromycin product, 2.5 g analytically pure calcium carbonate and up to 1000 ml water, with pH of 7.2. The fermentation culture medium comprises: 18 g corn starch, 24 g dextrine, 18 g soyabean powder, 2 g ammonium sulfate, 6 g calcium carbonate, 4 ml soybean oil, 20 g standard erythromycin product and up to 1000 ml water, with pH of 7.0. ACTIVITY - Antibacterial; Amoebicide; Protozoacide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic solution is borax, formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pH adjusting agent is borax, formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The impurity removal agent is anionic polymer flocculant, cationic-type polyamide, nonionic polyamide and/or chitosan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The culture substrate comprises 3-4 vol% of dairy manure, 2-5 vol.% of edible fungi waste and 2-4 vol.% of perlite. The volume ratio of dairy manure to edible fungi waste to perlite is 4:2:4, preferably 3:4:3. The culture substrate has a density of 0.4-0.7 g/cm3, preferably 0.49-0.56 g/cm3, total porosity of 70-90%, preferably 79-82%, an aeration porosity of 30-60%, preferably 40-56%, water holding porosity of 20-50%, preferably 26-39%, pH value of 5-10, preferably 9-10, electrical conductivity (EC) of 500-900 mu S/cm, preferably 600-800 mu S/cm, 800-1200 mg/kg, preferably 900-1200 mg/kg of nitrogen, 600-1200 mg/kg, preferably 640-940 mg/kg of phosphorus and 6000-10000 mg/kg, preferably 7000-10000 mg/kg of potassium. The culture substrate further comprises 1-5 vol.% of chicken manure, 1-5 vol.% of reed rhizome and 1-5 vol.% of sugar beet waste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The halogen element of sodium salt or potassium salt is sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide or potassium iodide. The absorption solution is 1-10 vol.% chlorine, bromine or iodine containing sodium hydroxide or alkaline potassium hydroxide solution. The molar ratio of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in absorption solution and sulfur dioxide in absorption tower is 1:1-1:1.5. The pH of the absorption solution after sulfur dioxide absorption is 5.5-7. Preferred Method: The recycling of absorption solution comprises introducing absorption solution into a sedimentation tank after sulfur dioxide absorption, separating the solid dust, passing the supernatant into a vacuum dryer, crystallizing and precipitating sodium sulfate or potassium sulfate in the absorption solution, recycling remaining absorption solution to electrolysis, and repeating step (i) to (iii).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Solanaceous vegetable is tomato or pepper. ACTIVITY - Plant Growth Regulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process: The cells of cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. is uniformly mixed in a culture medium. The screening of culture medium is performed by adding antibiotics such as kanamycin and neomycin, or sulfur. The obtained medium is kept for 6-8 days. Culture medium is kept for next 18-24 days by increasing the concentration of antibiotics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Compositions: Atomic ratio x:y:z:m:n is 0.22:0.03:3.4:0.1:0.07. Preferred Processes: The hydrogen storage electrode alloy is prepared by mixing ingredients according to chemical composition RE1-xMgxTiyNizAlmSin in which amount of magnesium and rare earth is increased by 5-10 mass% during burning and metal raw material purity is greater than or equal to 99.5%, induction heat-melting metal raw material, pumping vacuum to 1x 10-2-5x 10-5 Pa, filling with 0.01-0.1 MPa of inert gas as protective gas consisting of pure helium gas or helium gas and argon with 1:1 volume ratio, melting raw material at 1300-1600 degrees C to obtain molten liquid of master alloy, maintaining alloy in molten state for 5 minutes in atmosphere of protective gas, directly injecting molten liquid of master alloy into water-cooled copper mold alloy under inert gas in furnace to cool to room temperature and obtain alloy ingot, placing ingot in vacuum heat treatment furnace evacuated to 10-2-10-4 Pa, heating to 800-1100 degrees C, heat-preserving for 50-10 hours, cooling furnace to room temperature to obtain annealed alloy, mechanically grinding alloy using 200-mesh sieve to obtain particle diameter of less than or equal to 74 mu m alloy powder, uniformly mixing alloy powder with nickel carbonyl powder having 2.5 mu m particle diameter according to mass ratio of 1:4, and cold-pressing into particle diameter of 15 mm at 35 MPa. Induction heat-melting is performed by electric arc melting or other heat-smelting induction heating or melting process until raw material is completely melted.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Base is alkali metal base. Salt in salt-forming compound is inorganic or organic salt of alkali and alkali metal. Acid is inorganic or organic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Cefatrizine methanol adduct which is (6R,7R)-7-((2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-methanol is of formula (I). Cefatrizine M salt A adduct which is (6R,7R)-7-((2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate is of formula (II). Cefatrizine A adduct which is (6R,7R)-7-((2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid A adduct is of formula (III). Cefatrizine propylene glycol which is (6R,7R)-7-((2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido)-8-oxo-3-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid-propylene glycol adduct is of formula (IV). Organic solvent is 1-4 carbon-containing alkyl solvent. Alkali used in adjusting pH is organic base. Solvent (A) is methoxyethanol and ethoxyethanol.M=alkali metal.Preferred Conditions: The pH value is 3-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Adsorption carrier is cerite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, silica gel, activated carbon, alumina, and/or calcium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Extraction process is performed by fractionating saccharified liquid from 2nd liquid mixture after 2nd decomposition process and extracting sugar. Contact process involves filling column with adsorption carrier and allowing water-soluble fraction to pass through column. Boiling process is performed at temperature of 100-150 degrees C and pressure of 0.1-5 MPa in inert gas atmosphere. Preferred Components: Cellulase activity inhibitor is hydroxyl group-containing compound and/or carboxylic acid compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Adsorption carrier is ion exchange resin e.g. weakly basic ion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Diluted medium is inorganic substance filler. Catalyst area is located in highest upstream side in catalyst tank, and includes 1st catalyst area with 90-99 vol.% blend ratios of inorganic substance filler, 2nd catalyst area with 80-90 vol.% blend ratios of inorganic substance filler and 3rd catalyst area which does not contain inorganic substance filler. Catalyst particles are catalyst active substance which contains what is carried by the carrier. Catalyst active substance is metal containing palladium, rhodium, platinum, ruthenium and nickel. Carbon number of the paraffin is 2-4 and of olefin is 2-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzymes comprise: at least one enzyme derived from at least one bacteria comprising at least one bacteria of Bacillifamily, preferably Bacillus licheniformis and/or Bacillus subtilis and at least one Pseudomonas bacteria; at least one enzyme derived from at least one fungus comprising at least one fungus of the Thermomyces family, preferably Thermomyces lanuginosus and Aspergillus oryzae; and/or at least one enzyme derived from pancreatin. The enzymes comprise hydrolase, protease, lipase, amylase, cellulase, lactase, laccase, carboxylase, catalase and phospholipase.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises reducing the particle size measurement of the polluted soil. The step of reducing the particle size measurement is carried out by grinding the polluted soil. The stirring step is carried out at ambient temperature of 15-30 degrees C for 3-12 hours, preferably 6 hours. The separating step is carried out using a hydrocyclone and/or a filtration in a filter press or a centrifuge. The excavation step further comprises homogenization of the polluted soil. The soil homogenization step is carried out by mixing the soil. The separation step further comprises sieving the solid-liquid mass to obtain a solid part and a second aqueous suspension, and/or filtering the second aqueous suspension to obtain the residual aqueous suspension. The threshold value is less than or equal to 30 mm, preferably less than or equal to 2 mm. Preferred Components: The first aqueous suspension further comprises a pH correction agent including a weak acid, preferably acetic acid, and has a pH of 3-6. The ratio of sieved polluted soil to the first aqueous solution is 1:1-1:2. The first aqueous solution contains a quantity of enzymes of 1-5%, preferably from 1-2% relative to the weight of the soil. The solid part comprises the soil with a particle size measurement of greater than 500 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxygen content of the oxygenated component of the bio-oil is 10-30 wt.%. The oxygen content of the renewable heating fuel oil composition is 5-30 wt.%. The aromatic content of the non-oxygenated component of the bio-oil is 30-70 wt.%. The oxygenated component is present in the bio-oil in the range of 10-90 wt.%. The non-oxygenated component is present in the bio-oil in the range of 20-60 wt.%. The non-oxygenated aromatic content of the renewable heating fuel oil composition is 3-60 (preferably 25-60) wt.%. The first component is present in the renewable heating fuel oil composition in the range of 50-99 wt.%; and the second component is present in the renewable heating fuel oil composition in the range of 0.5-50 wt.%. The bio-oil is present in the renewable heating fuel oil composition in the range of 60-95 wt.%; and the oxygenated acyclic component is present in the renewable heating fuel oil composition in the range of 5-40 wt.%. The second component is selected from: a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), biodiesel, biomass-derived diesel and/or at least partially upgraded bio-oil derived from at least partial deoxygenation of a portion of the bio-oil. At least partially upgraded bio-oil comprises less than 20 wt.% oxygen. The second component has a heating value of at least 14000 Btu/lb. The open chain molecules having greater than or equal to 12 carbon atoms per molecule are present in the second component in an amount of 70-99 wt.%. The open chain molecules having greater than or equal to 12 carbon atoms per molecule are present in the renewable heating fuel oil composition in an amount of 3-50 wt.%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide catalyst comprises a metal selected from Mo, Pt, Fe, Mn and/or Ni. The cathode electrode comprises a H2 evolution catalyst, where the H2 evolution catalyst comprises a metal selected from Group VIII metals of the Periodic Table. Preferred Method: In the method (M2), the steps are carried out at room temperature to 160 degrees C; and the gaseous compound is oxidized to produce a compound selected from alcohols, aldehydes and/or organic acids (preferably a liquid fuel).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method (M1), the hydroxide ions are transferred through the electrolyte membrane to the anode side, thus regenerating the metal oxide catalyst. The electrolyte membrane comprises an alkaline electrolyte; or a porous polymer layer containing the alkaline electrolyte, where the alkaline electrolyte is provided to the porous polymer layer from the cathode side of the electrolyte membrane. In the method (M1), the steps are carried out at room temperature; and on a continuous basis. Preferred Components: The organic compound is oxidized, producing an organic material selected from alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The system further comprises a third reactor configured to form hydrogen halide and at least one of an alcohol, an alkene, an aldehyde, a ketone, an alkane, and an alkyne from the halogenated organic compound. The secondary reactor is further configured to form a halogenated organic compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: forming a halogenated organic compound in the secondary reactor, and feeding the halogenated organic compound into a third reactor; and forming hydrogen halide and at least one of an alcohol, an alkene, an alkyne, an aldehyde, a ketone and/or an alkane in the third reactor, and recycling the hydrogen halide into the second region. Preferred Components: The first region includes a non-aqueous solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In pre-treating lignocellulosic biomass, the elevated pressure is performed by introducing a gas at a pressure of between 1 and 50 bar. The biomass is in contact with hydrogen peroxide at a temperature of between 30 and 200 degrees C. The method further comprises: (a) introduction to the reactor of solid lignocellulosic residue, which previously may have been subjected to a process of size reduction; (b) introduction into the reactor of the alkaline peroxide solution between 0.1 and 10%; (c) closing the reactor and heating it to the working temperature between 30 and 200 degrees C; (d) establishing system pressure by introduction of gas into the reactor at a pressure of between 1 and 50 bar; (e) placing residue in delignification reactor; (f) taking pretreated solid residue; and (g) washing with water and drying the pretreated solid to prevent the enzymes used in the following step to reach high pH. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The condensation catalyst comprises a zeolite. The second catalyst is different than the slurry catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, at least 5 wt.% of the cellulosic biomass solids are converted into the glycol. The method (M1) further involves: separating the dried glycol from the dried reaction product; exposing the monohydric alcohol or its product formed from it to a condensation catalyst; and converting the monohydric alcohol into a higher molecular weight compound using the condensation catalyst. The converting the cellulosic biomass solids into the reaction product takes place in a hydrothermal digestion unit in the presence of a digestion solvent and a hydrocatalytic slurry catalyst; returning at least a portion of the dried glycol to the hydrothermal digestion unit. At least partially drying the reaction product takes place external to the hydrothermal digestion unit. In the method (M2), the dried glycol is at least partially converted into the monohydric alcohol via a second catalytic reduction reaction in the presence of a second hydrocatalytic catalyst. The slurry catalyst is distributed in the cellulosic biomass solids using fluid flow; is circulated through a fluid circulation loop external to the hydrothermal digestion unit. In the method (M2), at least partially drying the reaction product involves distillation to separate water from the glycol. The method (M2) further involves: exposing the monohydric alcohol or a product formed from it to a condensation catalyst; and converting the monohydric alcohol into a higher molecular weight compound using the condensation catalyst. Preferred Components: The dried glycol comprises less than or equal to 35 wt.% water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Membrane: In the gas separation membrane, the carbon molecular sieve is a pyrolyzed polymer precursor membrane of a polyimide having at least 60 wt.% carbon content and a hydrogen content of less than about 5 wt.%. The gas separation membrane has a nitrogen/methane selectivity of at least 5.5-6. The nitrogen permeability is at least about 4-5 Barrers. The carbon molecular a pyrolyzed polymer precursor membrane selected from or any combination, as a polymer blend or copolymer. Preferred Process: In forming the nitrogen/methane separation carbon membrane, the pyrolysis temperature is at least about 700 degrees C, preferably 800 degrees C. The polymer precursor membrane does not contain fluorine. The inert atmosphere is argon, preferably ultrahigh purity argon. The process produces a carbon membrane having a nitrogen/methane separation of 5-6. The polymer precursor membrane is a polyimide selected from or any combination, as a polymer blend or copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The metal complex is generated in situ. The source of electrons is a sacrificial electron donor and is present in the mixture; or the source of electrons is an external source of electrons, where the external source of electrons is a solar cell or an electrochemical bias. The source of electrons is also present in the mixture. Preferred Components: The nanoparticles are selected from CdSe, CdS, CdTe, PbS, PbTe, PbSe, GaAs, InP, InAs, Si, and Ge nanocrystals. The nanoparticles are core-shell nanocrystals, nanorods, or dot-in rods. The metal complex is a transition metal salt (preferably Ni2+ salt).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aqueous medium is water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The heat insulating material has preferable pore volume of 53 vol.% or more and contraction of 2% or less, and secant elastic modulus of 8 N/mm2 at yield strength of 0.1. Preferred Composition: The heat insulating material does not contain an alkali metal and alkaline-earth metal, and contains 30 %mass or more amorphous refractory raw material and 10 %mass or more zirconium, silicon carbide and/or titania. The amorphous refractory raw material is fumed alumina or fumed silica with BET specific surface area of 50 m2/g or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The adsorption operation is performed by adding 0.051% (w/w) of adsorbent. The physical adsorption operation is carried out with activated charcoal or diatomaceous earth. The adsorption is performed under agitation under 4-6 pH value at 50-90 degrees C for 1-4 hours. The hydrolysis and evaporation are performed by using inorganic and organic acids at 30-180 degrees C for 1-5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Biodiesel is prepared by dissolving NaOH catalyst in excess methanol. Preferred Compositions: Hydrogen donor is isopropanol. Molar ratio of aqueous solvent, biodiesel, and hydrogen donor is 100:9:40 or 100:8:39. Webster's reagent is ICl3-based.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acid is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. Preferred Method: The method involves adding 30% hydrogen peroxide in acid hydrolysis process, where the adding amount of acid of 10-20 %.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method, the room temperature is 25-28 degrees C, and concentration of the phosphoric acid buffer solution is 0.1 mol/l-1 (pH 6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The deionized water is added to ammonia water (equal quantity).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial fuel cell comprises anode chamber and cathode chamber separated by proton exchange membrane. The anode chamber and cathode chamber are respectively provided with anode and cathode which are connected by wire. The anode comprises O.anthropi culture solution. The culture solution comprises xylose as carbon source. The cathode chamber comprises phosphate buffer solution containing 20-200 mmol potassium ferricyanide. The culture solution comprises 10 g/l sodium bicarbonate, 8.5 g/l sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 g/l yeast extract and 10 g/l xylose. Preferred Components: The fuel cell is prepared by (a) separating the anode chamber and cathode chamber using proton exchange film and connecting anode and cathode through wire, and (b) taking the culture solution containing logarithmic phase of O.anthropi, adding xylose to the culture solution, immersing fresh anode chamber into the culture solution, purging nitrogen into anode chamber to remove oxygen and adding mixture of potassium ferricyanide and phosphate buffer solution into cathode chamber to obtain the microbe fuel cell. Preferred Method: The method involves washing proton exchange membrane sequentially with 0.5 %mass hydrogen peroxide, deionized water, 1 %mass sulfuric acid and deionized water and boiling the membrane for 20 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode and cathode are carbon brush. The wire is titanium wire.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Parameters: COD removal rate is greater than or equal to 79%. Preferred Processes: COD removal is performed by using water dropping device with height of 70 cm, width of 25 cm, and depth of 20 cm, flowing into ecological floating bed, and suspending in filler in which removal rate of N, P, and COD is 83.37%, 79.35%, and 87.87%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The slow-release granular fertilizer comprises 70 pts. wt. corn straw powder, 80 pts. wt. leaf powder, 14 pts. wt. root stimulating agent, 80 pts. wt. pig manure, 14 pts. wt. urea, 8 pts. wt. bean straw powder, 55 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 2 pts. wt. calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 23 pts. wt. sweet potato powder, 20 pts. wt. potassium chloride, 7 pts. wt. potassium sulfate, 6 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 3 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, 2 pts. wt. borax, 25 pts. wt. peanut shell powder, 2 pts. wt. copper sulfate, 20 pts. wt. nano slow release carrier and 12 pts. wt. microorganism strain. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the in-situ preparation of 3-(carbamoylmethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid, the inorganic base is alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates, comprising of sodium and potassium hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate. The mineral acid in step (b) is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrobromic acid. The suitable solvent in step (c) is toluene. Hydrolysis in step (f) is carried out using aqueous base comprising of sodium and potassium hydroxide, carbonate and bicarbonate. In the in-situ preparation of 3-isobutylglutaric acid (IV), step (d) involves concentrating the organic layer obtained in step (c) and evaporating the solvent to dryness. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The nutrient composition of the compost comprises 0.955% phosphorus pentoxide, 1.987% potassium oxide, 1.926% calcium oxide and 0.57% magnesium oxide, where pH of the compost is adjusted at 7.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass of hydrolysed product contains concentrated sugars and advanced oxidation is performed by using hydroxyl radical containing oxidizing agent. The chemical treatment processes utilizes oxidizing agents and catalysts are selected from insoluble metal oxides (1-2000mg/l) titanium oxide and zinc oxide or ferrous or ferric metal ions. The oxidizing agents (1-10.000 mg/l) are selected from oxygen, ozone or hydrogen peroxide. The hydroxyl radical is generated by a combination of chemical agents and physical selected from luminous radiation in the visible or ultraviolet region, strong oxidizing agents and catalysts or their combination. The luminous radiation source is light bulbs or solar radiation whose wavelengths vary from visible (400-740nm) to 5 ultraviolet (200-400nm). The lamps are submerged in plant biomass hydrolysates by bulb of quartz or glass. Advanced oxidation and bioconversion is performed at pH 4-7 that is adjusted by using acid or base. Hydrolyzed nutritional supplements are also utilized for detoxification of hydrolyzed lignocellulosic materials, where the hydrolyzed nutritional supplements contain minerals, vitamins, nitrogen and trace elements. The bioconversion is performed by using bioconversion enzymes, bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fermentation medium comprises (in wt.%): Bacillus subtilis (5-50), Penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 (5-50), Bacillus megaterium (5-50) and Streptomyces HD12-4 (10-70). Preferred Condition: High temperature high pressure separating and sterilizing are performed at 211-213 degrees C and 1.9-2.0 megapascal pressure for 1-2 minutes. Preferred Components: Tobacco waste is cigarette rod. Nutrient source is mixture of chicken manure or rape seed bran or both. Auxiliary material is the mixture of corn flour or bran or both. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Preparing imatinib mesylate alpha-crystal involves refluxing 4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-benzoic acid dihydrochloride and thionyl chloride at 78 degrees C for 31 hours in mass ratio of 1:13.47. The obtained reaction mixture is cooled to 0 degrees C and then filtered to obtain 4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoyl chloride dihydrochloride. The obtained compound is stirred with N-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-4-(3-pyridyl)-2-pyrimidine-amine and pyridine for 20 minutes. The mass ratio of pyrimidine-amine and pyridine is 1:0.19, particularly 1:0.75 and benzoyl chloride dihydrochloride and pyridine is 1:10.9, particularly 1:5.86. Water is added to reaction mixture at 25 degrees C and then evaporated under reduced pressure at 50 degrees C to obtain solid. Ethyl acetate is added to obtained solid and pH is adjusted to 7.5-8.0 with aqueous ammonia (25 %). Obtained reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours and then filtered to obtain imatinib. Imatinib and methanesulfonic acid is added in mass ratio of 1:0.19 to absolute ethyl alcohol at 78 degrees C and reffluxed for 20 minutes and then cooled to 60 degrees C. The reaction mixture is stirred, filtered and then crystallized for 0.5 hours at 25 degrees C to obtain imatinib mesylate crystal. Preferred Composition: Pharmaceutical composition (capsule) comprises (in wt.%): crystalline imatinib mesylate (51.5-53.5), microcrystalline cellulose (38.5-39.6), crospovidone (3.9-4.0), magnesium stearate (0.4-0.5) and silica glue (1-10, particularly 3-5.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The separation membrane is polymer electrolyte membrane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fermentation material mixing process in the step (e) with the activated fermentation broth comprises simultaneously adding 0.8-1.2 kg urea or 0.9-1.2 kg calcium superphosphate into each 1000 kg of the mixed material, stirring, adding an additive, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content to 60-65%, carrying out secondary fermentation by adding 0.1% second group of strain, culturing at 60-80 degrees C for 6-12 hours, and drying the mixed material. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The magnesium nitrate hexahydrate is obtained by dissolving 1 mol magnesium nitrate in deionized water. The nickel nitrate solution is obtained by dissolving 1 mol nickel nitrate in deionized water. Preferred Composition: The nickel oxide-metal/magnesium aluminate-coated alumina catalyst is nickel oxide-lanthanum oxide/magnesium aluminate-coated alumina catalyst, nickel oxide-zirconium oxide/magnesium aluminate-coated alumina catalyst, or nickel oxide-iron oxide/magnesium aluminate-coated alumina catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The glucose solution is obtained by dissolving 1 mol glucose in deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Molar ratio between dimethyl carbonate, (IV) and TBAB catalyst in the step (i) is 1:1-10:0.01-0.1, preferably 1:1.5-3:0.01-0.02. Molar ratio between (I), onium salt and the alkali in the step (ii) is 1:1-6:1-6, preferably 1:1-1.5:2-3. Molar ratio between (II), 1,2,4-triazole and alkali in the step (iii) is 1:1-2:0.1-2, preferably 1:1-1.3:0.3-1. Preferred Components: (IV) is n-dodecyl methyl sulfide (preferred) or methyl phenyl sulfide. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 specific compounds (I) are prepared, which are tebuconazole (IIIa), cyproconazole, hexaconazole and flutriafol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The mycorrhizal fungi preferably Gigaspora or Glomus is isolated from soybean rhizosphere. The mycorrhizal fungi is propagated on culture medium comprising charcoal powder, phosphate rock and dolomite mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1 or in a weight ratio of 500 g:500 g:500 g, where the culture medium has 15% moisture content and are added to pots having diameter of 2-10 cm and desired plants are cultivated in pots. Preferred Composition: The biofertilizer is optionally mixed with sand having pore size of 2 mm. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    ADMINISTRATION - The biofertilizer in form of granules (claimed) is applied at a rate of 5 g/plant on agricultural crops.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The dose of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is 30 g/plant. The mixture dose of symbiotic and non-symbiotic microbes is 20 mL/plant. A solution of 2% molasses is used as a carrier mixture of symbiotic and non-symbiotic microbes. A mineral zeolite is used as a carrier of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The fertilizer comprises greater than 108 cells/mL biological symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria, and greater than 5 spores/g zeolite. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No suitable example given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Method: The method for promoting the flocculation activity of microalgae comprises adding calcium ion (Ca2+) and iron ion (Fe3+) as an auxiliary flocculating agent to culture fluid. The pH value of the culture fluid mixture is 10-12. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The sludge containing solid generated in the waste water purification unit is delivered to the biogas generation unit. The wastewater purification part comprises struvite crystallization bath based on the purification flow of the effluent from the electronic beam irradiation part, at least one aeration tank is provided in the rear end of a biofilm processing unit and at least one precipitation tank. The electronic beam irradiation part comprises an electronic beam acceleration apparatus for irradiating electron beam within the treatment tank, an aeration device for aeration of the wastewater discharged from the treatment tank, where some part of the gas is re-supplied to the treatment tank, an ozone concentration detection unit to determine the concentration of ozone in the treatment tank, and water quality sensor for detecting the quality of water in the treatment tank, where the detection signal of the ozone concentration detection unit and water quality sensor is transferred to the controller, which controls the aeration device to control the amount of ozone supplied based on the concentration of ozone and water. The treatment tank further comprises a cross-flow type wet scrubber in the output terminal of the exhaust gas output end of the tank. The electron beam reaction part irradiates electron beam at a dose of 1-15 kGy. The system further comprises a water generator for supplying water.
ACTIVITY - Plant Protectant; Antimicrobial. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The microalgae culture device comprises an air diffuser performing the role capable of preventing the membrane fouling of the microalgae separation film it supplies the carbon dioxide necessary for the culture of microalgae in one side of the microalgae culture tank, and a light source for supplying optical energy necessary for the culture of microalgae in the upper portion of the microalgae culture tank. The microalgae culture tank is in a form of side planar of complete mixing type, cylinder type of complete mixing type, pipeline type of plug flow type or oxidation ditch type of plug flow type.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The handwheels comprise a handle equipped in the head unit, and protrusion parts at one side of the head unit inserted and assembled in groove portions formed at the leading end of the central axis. The apparatus further comprises adapter provided in the groove portions for connecting the groove portions to a driving shaft of the driving motor and bound with protrusion parts of handwheels at the other side. The protrusion parts and groove portions include polygonal shaft, screw, key or spline. The handwheel is equipped with a ratchet on the head unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The strain has 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) base sequence of SEQ ID: 1 (comprising a 590 base pair sequence fully defined in the specification). The strain performs saccharification and fermentation process in a carboxy methycellulose containing culture medium to prepare ethanol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The straw organic matter is soybean straw, soybean straw pole, green bean straw pole and potato cane straw crops. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plant essential oil includes rose oil, lavender essential oil or lily oil; and the whitening component is pearl powder, Aloe juice, natural vitamin C and/or wheat germ oil. The anti-aging active component is natural vitamin E, epidermal growth factor (EGF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hyaluronic acid, wrinkle removing peptides, grape polyphenol and/or ursolic acid. The solution A includes 10-15 wt.% olefin monomer M1, 1.5-3 wt.% biopolymer M2, 0-0.1 wt.% chemical crosslinker M3, 0-10 wt.% physical crosslinking agent M4 and 85-90 wt.% deionized water; the solution B includes 0-1 wt.% plant extract essential oils, 0-2 wt.% whitening component, 0-3 wt.% anti-aging active ingredient and 94-99 wt.% deionized water; and the initiator and catalyst account for 1-3 wt.% of olefin monomer M1. The mold with shape of human face is relative to left eye, nose and mouth positions, does not lead to poor visibility, but have difficulty in breathing and swallowing. Preferred Method: The heat sealing packaging includes directly fixing the heat sealing composite film into the gel mask.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the step (a), the freshwater microalgae strains in wastewater are cultured in a fluorescence shaking incubator at 25-30 degrees C and 7-10 pH under the illumination of 40-60 mu mol/m2x second and stirring speed of 100-200 rotations/minute. Preferred Components: The fresh water microalgae include Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Chlamydomonas sp., Chlorella protothecoides and/or Chlorella vulgaris. The wastewater includes livestock wastewater, agricultural wastewater, industrial wastewater, sewage sludge, water purification sludge, and/or influent and sewage effluent of sewage disposal plant. The amorphous substance is residue including nitrogen, sodium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, potassium and carbon obtained after lipid production and recovery of the cultured microalgae in the wastewater in biomass form.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crystalline substance includes calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and/or magnesium ammonium phosphate. EXAMPLE - 5 ml Chlorella vulgaris was inoculated into 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing swine wastewater and cultured at 25-30 degrees C and 8-9.5 pH for 14 days under the illumination of 50 mu mol/m2x second and stirring speed of 150 rotations/minute to obtain 1 g/l biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The bed is formed using stainless steel or titanium material. The electrolyte used during manufacture of fuel cell anode metal support is 40-50 g nickel precursor per 1 L water or 6-12 g iron precursor. The nickel precursor is nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate and/or nickel sulfamate. The iron precursor is iron sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate and/or iron sulfamate. Preferred Properties: The metal support has coefficient of thermal expansion of 5-15x 10-6/K, average pore diameter of 5-50 mu m, and aperture ratio of 10-90%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte further comprises pH buffering agent comprising boric acid and ammonia, and stress reliever comprising sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate and/or saccharin. The amount of pH buffer agent is 15-35 g with respect to 1 L electrolyte. The amount of stress reliever is 0.05-4 g with respect to 1 L electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The non-conductive material is used during manufacture of fuel cell anode metal support is epoxy resin, alumina and/orsilica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wet-process phosphoric acid is wet-process phosphoric acid produced in sulfuric acid production. The wet-process phosphoric acid contains 15-30 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide, 0.5-1 wt.% sulfur trioxide and 0.5-2 wt.% fluorine. The moisture content in the solid phase slag is 15-40 wt.%. The concentration density of the filtrate is 1.36-1.45 g/cm3. Preferred Method: The pH of the slurry obtained in the neutralization reaction of phosphoric acid and ammonia gas is 3.5-5. The liquid-solid separation is sedimentation and separation, filtration and separation, and/or press filtration and separation. The press filtration and separation is performed using a pressure filter. The pressure filter is fully-automatic vertical press filter or membrane press filter. The water-soluble monoammonium phosphate slurry is dried by spray drying method. The tail gas generated in drying process is collected in a bag dust collector.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The amount of microbial inoculum added per cubic meter of farmyard manure is 0.3-0.5 kg. The probiotic liquid and nutrient are taken as gold agent (sic). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of sulfuric acid is 1-4 mol/L. The catalyst is ferric sulfate. The concentration of coal slurry is 0.02-0.12/mL. The coal particles have grain diameter of 12-115 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The special composite fertilizer comprises 20 %mass granular farm fertilizer, 30 %mass crushed plant straw, 20 %mass fermented poultry excrement, 10 %mass ferrous sulfate, and 20 %mass urea. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high carbon alcohol mixture comprises hexadecanol, cetanol and/or octodecyl alcohol. Preferred Method: The step (a) comprises adding 1-2 wt.% of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 0.5-1 wt.% of hydroquinone at 110-130 degrees C for 3-5 hours. The step (b) comprises adding high carbon acid ester and methacrylic acid -2 ethyl ester in the mole ratio of 4:1 and 0.5-1 wt.% of initiator at 110-130 degrees C for 5-6 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The straw is cotton straw powder, high Sorghum straw powder, wheat straw powder or rape straw powder, and has grain diameter of 20-40 meshes and water content of 20-25%. The peanut shell powder has grain diameter of 10-30 meshes and water content of 18-26%. The wood powder has grain diameter of 100-200 meshes and water content of 8-15%. The biomass fuel has calorific value of 1.1-1.4 g/cm3. The biomass fuel has length of 1.5-2.5 mm and diameter of 0.6-0.8 mm, and size of 40-60 mmx 32 mmx 32mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The stock solution is prepared by crushing 5 pts. wt. licorice, 5 pts. wt. radix salviae miltiorrhizae, 40 pts. wt. rhizoma ligustici wallichii, 40 pts. wt. radix arnebiae seu lithospermi, 40 pts. wt. honeysuckle, 40 pts. wt. dandelion, 40 pts. wt. plantain, and 0.5 pts. wt. selenium salt to powder, soaking the powder except selenium salt in 10-15 times water at 60 degrees C for 14-16 hours, filtering, and adding selenium salt to the filtrate. The composition comprises 80% humic acid powder, 5% effective microorganism, 15% amino acid composition, and remainder selenium soil fertilizer. The selenium soil fertilizer comprises 5 pts. wt. matrix, 1 pt. wt. caramel, 5 pts. wt. potassium selenite, 1 pt. wt. borax, 0.5 pts. wt. manganese sulfate, 0.3 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 0.3 pts. wt. magnesium sulfate, 0.5 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, and 2 pts. wt. 400 meshes attapulgite powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method maintains mushroom humidity to 5-8%. The method involves standing the culture medium for 30-60 minutes. The method involves spraying fertilizer comprising 1.89-9.36 mg/100 g germanium, 1.92-6.05 mg/100 g selenium, 9.27-19.12 mg/100 g zinc, 0.73-1.98 mg/100 g chromium, and 0.58-1.62 mg/100 g vanadium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: In step (b), the bag is rectangular polyethylene bag having 15 cm width, 45 cm length, 30 cm height and 3-5 cm thickness, where 1.5 plus minus 0.2 kg mixture is packed. In step (c), the polyethylene bag is removed before increasing the indoor humidity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The organic fertilizer is prepared by sterilizing obtained wastes, performing secondary fermentation of sterilized waste material, adding nutrients, mixing uniformly and granulating obtained mixture, drying and cooling mixture, screening particles and packing product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Parameters: Biogas slurry contains 3500 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 250 mg/L total nitrogen (TN), and 120 mg/L total phosphorus (TP). Preferred Conditions: Aeration pretreatment time is 10-18 hours, and standing time is 8-12 hours. Temperature of 1st and 2nd levels of biological reactor is 25-30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high efficient flocculant is polyferric sulfate, which is prepared by oxidation of sodium chlorate. In step (i), the adding amount of high efficient flocculant is 1g per 100 ml of sludge, and the adding amount of human lysozyme engineered bacteria XD3-hLyz is 3 ml per 100 ml sludge. In step (ii), the adding amount of IPTG is 0.2383 g per 100 ml sludge. In step (iii), the filtering is carried out with 200 mesh filter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The complex fermenting agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto cell enzyme, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:2. The viable count of the A.xylinum is 106-1010 colony forming unit (cfu)/g. The viable count of the complex fermenting agent is 106-1010 cfu/g. The method involves performing stacked fermentation for 18 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The fermentative strain is Rhizopus oryzae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The trace elements are potassium, boron, calcium, zinc, selenium or magnesium (in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:4:2:0.7:2). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The centrifuging step is performed at 0-10 degrees C at rotation speed of 8000-10000 rpm for 15-20 minutes. The method involves mixing suspension bacteria liquid and preservative at a volume ratio of (10-20):1. The method involves adding 1 g/ml suspension bacteria liquid to substrate. In step (c), earthworm is mixed, dried and crushed into powder having particle size of 2 mm. The method involves sterilizing the mixture at 121 degrees C for 20-30 minutes. Preferred Components: The preservative comprises 0.1 wt.% sodium alga acid, 10 wt.% glycerin, and 0.1 wt.% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The substrate is soil. Preferred Medium: The culture medium is KB culture medium. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves crushing biomass materials including straw, tree leaves, sawdust, and grass (crushing is divided into two), and boiling the crushed product using water (natural) for 1-5 minutes (modulating pH value of the natural water). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The chicken manure is collected from chicken farm. The brown sugar is collected during sugar manufacture from sugarcane. The straw is derived from rice, wheat, corn or rape plant. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed at normal temperature, where the pH value is 7, turning the fermentation substrate, when temperature rose to 50-60 degrees C, and spraying alcohol waste mash liquid and repeating the process for 3-5 times for complete fermentation. The fermented material is crushed into 1-5 mm granule. The granules are dried at 75-85 degrees C, until the water content reaches 5% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 50 pts. wt. selenium-enriched maggot, 50 pts. wt. selenium-enriched plant waste, 50 pts. wt. selenium-enriched edible fungi waste, 50 pts. wt. sodium selenite, 25 pts. wt. vitamin composition and 5 pts. wt. microbial inoculum. The vitamin composition comprises 1 pt. wt. vitamin B1, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B2, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B6, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B12 and 1 pt. wt. vitamin C. The microbial inoculum comprises 1 pt. wt. photosynthetic bacteria, 1 pt. wt. nitrifying bacteria, 1 pt. wt. lactic acid bacteria, 1 pt. wt. selenium-enriched yeast, 1 pt. wt. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 pt. wt. actinomycetes, 1 pt. wt. phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 1 pt. wt. B.subtilis and 1 pt. wt. plant growth promoting bacteria. Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed at 50-60 degrees C for 24 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The microbial organic fertilizer comprises 50 pts. wt. salts, 50 pts. wt. beans, 50 pts. wt. mushroom residues, 50 pts. wt. molasses, 25 pts. wt. vitamin, and 5 pts. wt. composite agent. The vitamin comprises 1 pt. wt. vitamin B1, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B2, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B6, 1 pt. wt. vitamin B12, and 1 pt. wt. vitamin C. The composite agent comprises 1 pt. wt. photosynthetic bacteria, 1 pt. wt. nitrifying bacteria, 1 pt. wt. lactic acid bacteria, 1 pt. wt. yeast, 1 pt. wt. nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 1 pt. wt. actinomycetes, 1 pt. wt. phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 1 pt. wt. B.subtilis, and 1 pt. wt. plant growth promoting bacteria. Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting the mixture at 50-60 degrees C for 24 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves obtaining raw materials comprise 45-60 pts. wt. straw, 10-15 pts. wt. coal gangue, 15-30 pts. wt. secondary powder, 20-30 pts. wt. rice hull, 5-10 pts. wt. urea, 3-8 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 5-30 pts. wt. glycerol and 1-5 pts. wt. mixed strain powder. The method involves fermenting the mixture at 28-37 degrees C for 48 hours. The method involves drying mixture at 20-40 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The mixed strain powder includes 3 billion/g yeast, 2 billion/g Bacillus subtilis, 2 billion/g Azotobacter and 3 billion/g phosphorus bacteria. The auxiliary material includes 20-50 pts. wt. dextrin, 5-15 pts. wt. magnesium stearate, 8-15 pts. wt. sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 80-100 pts. wt. white carbon black. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chicken manure is obtained by fermenting and drying chicken manure. The microbial inoculum is chosen from special organic fertilizer and organic matter-decomposing inoculant. The straw is chosen from corn straw, soybean straw, rice straw or rice hull straw. The chicken manure and soybean are crushed into 40-60 meshes sieve. Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of the microbial inoculum and fresh chicken manure is 1:45-55, preferably 1:50. The weight ratio of the microbial inoculum and raw soybean is 1:45-55, preferably 1:50. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves adding cellulase having 3.5-4.5 million U activity to the weighed material in ratio of 1:2000, mixing uniformly, adjusting moisture content to 45-55% and carbon and nitrogen content to 23-28, stacking the mixture to 1.8-2 m, covering using plastic film, hydrolyzing at 45-50 degrees C for 12-18 hours, and crushing the mixture to 2-4 mm. The step (c) involves fermenting the mixture at less than 30 degrees C, 6-8 pH and 30-38% moisture content for 12-16 days in summer and 18-25 days in winter. The step (d) involves adding ammonium sulfate, adjusting nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus content to more than 6.5%, drying at low temperature until moisture content reaches 30-35%, and adding into disc granulator. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The flash point improving agent is polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The calorific value reinforcing agent mixture is ethyl acetate/dichloromethane mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol is methanol and/or ethanol. The hydrocarbon is olefins and/or aromatics. The additive is antioxidant, anticorrosion agent, antiwear agent, ignition accelerators and/or emulsifiers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersing agent is a succinimide. The metal deactivator is dihydrazide adipate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The air entering the absorbing container has a superficial gas velocity of less than 30 mm/s.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The absorbing container is an absorbing column having a height of 1.5-10 m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The marsh gas entering the absorbing container has a superficial gas velocity of less than 5 mm/s.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The combustion-promoting binder comprises high natural clay having silicon content of 60%, aluminum oxide content of 30%, and iron content of 0.2%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The wood powder is from straw, weed, wood, shrub branches, fruit peel and/or agriculture and forestry wastes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dechlorinating agent is mixture of zinc oxide and calcium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The tree stem is soft wood tree stem including pine or spruce tree stem having lignin content of 28-35%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The acidic oxide is mixture of aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The tree bark is larch bark having lignin content of 28-35%. The nut shell is olive seed shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lignin content of bamboo is 23-32%. Lignin content of branch is 20-30%. Water content of leaf is 10%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Tree stem is hard wood tree comprising redwood tree stem, with lignin content of 20-28%. Scrap lignin content is 23-32%. Oxidant is potassium permanganate, potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate. Water content of bamboo is 5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Branch is larch or red oak. Lignin content of bamboo is 23-32%. Lignin content of branch is 20-30%. Water content is 8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The O. violaceus oil (A) comprises 49-55 wt.% linoleic acid, 21-25 wt.% oleic acid, 14-16 wt.% palmitic acid, 4-6 wt.% linolenic acid, and 3-5 wt.% eicosenoic acid. The diesel fuel (C) may further comprise normal diesel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: The oil (A), catalyst and organic solvent are utilized based on (1-10):(0.1-1):(20-50), preferably 5:0.5:45 volume ratio. In step (2), the high-speed stirring process is performed at 1600-1900 revolutions/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst consists of basic catalyst, preferably sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium oxide (Na2O) or calcium oxide (CaO).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oil (A) comprises animal oil and/or plant oil. The animal oil comprises butter oil, mutton oil, pig oil, and/or chicken oil. The plant oil comprises cottonseed oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower seed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, linseed oil, pepper seed oil, oak oil, almond oil, walnut oil, tall oil, Jatropha oil, tung oil, Xanthoceras sorbifolium oil, Coptis wood oil, seashore mallow oil, and/or Cyperus esculentus oil. The organic solvent consists of anhydrous methanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The microbial culture is anaerobic and aerobic bacterial population. The pH is regulated using sodium hydroxide. The anaerobic and aerobic fermentations are performed at a pH of 9-10 and 30-50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The microbial solution contains Bacillus coli, phosphorus and potassium-solubilizing Azotobacter and VT bacteria at ratio of 1:1:3. Preferred Method: The sieving oversize fraction is recycled. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the oxalic acid and residual sugar in the fermented mash is 10-12 wt.%, 0.3-0.5 wt.% and 0.5-1.5 wt.%, respectively. The weight ratio of calcium carbonate and water is 35:100. The weight ratio of perlite and water is 1-2:100. Preferred Properties: The perlite has bulk density of 90 g/cm3 and hardness of 800. The thickness of the upper filter cloth in the plate-and-frame filter press is 5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The esters are monoesters, diesters, and/or triesters. The organic acid is chosen from 38 compounds e.g. formic acid, dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid, preferably dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acid. The dialkyl carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, or dibutyl carbonate. The solvent is saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic solvent, and chosen from mono-alcohols, and mixture of alcohol and non-alcoholic components. The non-alcoholic component is chosen from dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Preferred Process: Preparation of ester further involves isolating esters from the reaction mixture by performing fractional distillation or chromatography process, and releasing carbon oxide molecules. The organic acid and carbonate are reacted at a pressure of 145-950 psi and a temperature of 130-230 degrees C, preferably 160-215 degrees C for less than 24 hours, preferably less than 12 hours. The organic acid is converted into monoester and diester in the ratio of 95:0.5-0.5-95. Preferred Property: The conversion rate of carboxylic acid to ester is 45% or more, preferably 70% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Polypeptide: The polypeptide has improved beta-glucosidase activity as compared to Trichoderma reesei Bgll when the recombinant polypeptide and the T. reesei Bgll are used to hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomass substrates. The improved beta-glucosidase activity is an increased cellobiase activity or an increased yield of glucose from a lignocellulosic biomass under the same saccharification conditions. The lignocellulosic biomass is subject to a pretreatment prior to saccharification. The polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80-90% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 3. Preferred Composition: In the composition, the one or more other cellulases are selected from no or one or more other beta-glucosidases, one or more cellobiohydrolases, and one or more endoglucanases. The composition further comprises one or more hemicellulases, where the one or more hemicellulases are selected from one or more xylanases, one or more beta-xylosidases, and one or more L-arabinofuranosidases. Alternatively, the composition comprises the host cell and a culture medium; and/or comprises the beta-glucosidase in supernatant of the culture medium. Preferred Nucleic Acid: In the nucleic acid, the polypeptide further comprises a signal peptide sequence, where the signal peptide sequence is selected from fully defined 16-87 amino acids (SEQ ID NOS: 13-42), given in the specification. Preferred Cell: The host cell is a bacterial cell or a fungal cell. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) further comprises a pre-sulfidation subprocess. The separation procedure is performed in association with vacuum distillation. The step of contacting the fossil-based oil and renewable based oil with hydrogen is performed at 300-400 degrees C and pressure of 3-10 MPa. The process is multifunctionally performed through hydrogenation, desulfurization, denitrogenation, dearomatization, and deoxygenation. Preferred Components: The fossil-based oil includes at least one of vacuum gas oil, heavy petroleum distillate (vacuum), heavy vacuum distillate and light vacuum gas oil. The renewable based oil includes crude palm oil, degummed palm oil and refined palm oil. The ratio of fossil-based oil to renewable based oil is 40:60-95:5. The catalyst comprises a metal oxide based catalyst carried by a support material. The catalyst includes: amorphous micro-mesoporous nickel/molybdenum oxides on alumina; or a conventional hydrotreating catalyst. The diesel boiling range fraction yield is higher than that of conventional diesel fuel. The set of input streams includes renewable based oil having a ratio of 5-100% relative to a non-renewable based oil within the set of input fuel source streams. The nickel molybdenum-based catalyst comprises at least substantially amorphous micro-mesoporous nickel/molybdenum oxides on alumina, where the alumina exhibits silicon dioxide/aluminum oxide molar ration of 0-29. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The first period of time and the second period of time are collectively less than 150, 120 or 90 seconds. The method involves heating the reaction mixture at the first temperature for the second period of time. The wet biomass comprises aquatic biomass. The aquatic biomass comprises microalgae. The method for heating the wet biomass for the first period of time involves heating the wet biomass at a rate of at least 100 degrees C/minute, 150 degrees C/minute, or 200 degrees C/minute. The yield of the biocrude from the wet biomass is at least 50 wt.%, 55 wt.%, or 60 wt.% on a dry ash free basis. The method involves recovering the biocrude from the reaction mixture. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quaternized nitrogen compound is of (R1R2C(OH)-C(R3)(R4)-N+(Ra1)(Rb1)(Rc1) A1-) (III).A1 = anion of used monocarboxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is obtained by epoxidation of a polyalkene, preferably poly-(2-6C)-alkene having a number average molecular weight of 85-20000, such as 113-10000 or 200-10000 or 350-5000, 350-3000, 500-2500, 700-2500, or 800-1500. The polyalkylene is polyisobutene with a content of vinylidene double bonds of greater than 70 mole%, preferably greater than 80 mole% or greater than 85 mole%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The preferable molecular weight cutoff of ultrafiltration membrane is 1000 or less. The ultrafiltration membrane is nano membrane filter, ion-exchange membrane or reverse osmosis membrane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: During crystallization process, a mineral salt or its aqueous solution is added. The obtained membrane-permeable is concentrated before crystallization. Preferred Composition: The organic acid is lactic acid and/or succinic acid. The functional surface of ultrafiltration membrane is an organic material which contains polyether sulfone, polysulfone, sulfonated polysulfone, polyethyleneglycol, polyamide or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pretreating step (a) further comprises (a3) a granulating step after roasting and before grinding. The effluent is subjected to removal of heavy metals from the guard bed. A fraction of the effluent for converting carbon monoxide to steam is submitted in admixture with the additional part. The method further comprises (j) performing hydrotreating and/or isomerizing hydrocarbon fractions. The drying step (a1) is carried out at a temperature of 20-180 degrees C for 5-180 minutes. The roasting step (a2) is carried out at a temperature of 220-350 degrees C and an absolute operating pressure of 0.1-15 bar for 5-180 minutes. The step (c) is carried out at a temperature of 800-1800 degrees C and an absolute pressure of 20-120 bar. The step (d2) is carried out on the guard bed in the presence of a capture mass containing zeolite type, zinc oxide type and/or basic oxide type an active phase. The step (d3) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst including cobalt sulfide and/or molybdenum sulfide at an inlet temperature close to the temperature of the synthesis gas. The step (d3) is carried out at a temperature of 100-400 degrees C and in the presence of a catalyst containing platinum based compound and/or an oxide of element consisting of titanium, zirconium, chromium and zinc. The step (h) is carried out on guard bed based on zinc oxide, copper/zinc oxide and activated carbon. The step (i) is performed at a temperature of 170-180 degrees C and an absolute operating temperature of 10-60 bar and in the presence of catalyst comprising cobalt or iron. The installation further comprises a hydrotreating and/or isomerizing unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon feed contains a petroleum derived hydrocarbon feed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquefied propellant composition is present at an amount of 80-95 wt.% based on the total weight of the aerosol composition. The aerosol composition comprises 5-20 wt.% of an active ingredient or mixture of active ingredients. Preferred Components: The hydrocarbon mixture comprises cyclopentane present in an amount of at least 5 wt.%, and isohexane present in an amount of 12-90 wt.%, preferably 27-50 wt.%. The cyclopentane is present at 5-80 wt.%, preferably 35-60 wt.%. The carbon dioxide is present at 5-8 wt.%. The hydrocarbon mixture comprises 2,2-dimethyl-butane present in an amount of 5-10 wt.%. The active ingredient comprises insecticidally active ingredient, pesticide, fragrance, cologne, interior deodorant, deodorant, cleaning product, disinfection product, product for ironing, foam, paint, varnishes, waxes, shellac, lubricant, antiseptic, deodorant, pharmaceutical compositions, and/or cosmetic product. The percentage of sedimentation of the active product is less than 2%. Preferred Method: The method further comprises pumping the liquified propellant composition at a pressure of 3-5 bars above the equilibrium pressure. EXAMPLE - Typical liquefied propellant composition comprised of: 6 wt.% of carbon dioxide; 47 wt.% of cyclopentane; and 47 wt.% of isohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process (P1) further comprises dispersing the solid biomass material in a pneumatic fluid that is pressurized to a pressure more than 0.1 megapascal to less than or equal to 1 Mega Pascal to prepare the pneumatic dispersion. In the process (P1) the catalyst comprises a hydrocracking catalyst or a catalytic cracking catalyst and the reactor comprises a hydrocracker reactor or a catalytic cracking reactor. The process (P2) further comprises supplying an additional hydrocarbon feed. In the process (P2), the contacting step comprises contacting the pneumatic dispersion with the fluid catalytic cracking catalyst at a temperature of at least 400 degrees C in a riser reactor to produce the product stream comprising at least one cracked product and a spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst. The process (P2) further comprises: a separation step comprising separating at least one cracked product from the spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, a regeneration step comprising regenerating spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst to produce a regenerated fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, heat and carbon dioxide, and a recycle step comprising recycling the regenerated fluid catalytic cracking catalyst to the catalytic cracking step; torrefying the solid biomass; and transporting the pneumatic dispersion to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor, where the transport is achieved using a screw feeder. Preferred Components: The pneumatic fluid is oil or oil fraction, preferably the pneumatic fluid is vaporized liquefied petroleum gas, vaporized gasoline, vaporized diesel, vaporized paraffin and/or vaporized naphtha. The solid biomass material has a particle size distribution with a mean particle size of 100-5000 mu m. The pneumatic dispersion has a density of 10-4000 kg/m3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Protein contained in fermentation solution is protein derived from fermenting microbe or enzyme used for fermentation of saccharified solution in which protein has molecular weight of less than or equal to 3000 and maximum length of less than or equal to 0.2 mu m. Biomass is lignocellulosic biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Extracting solvent is n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, and/or alcohol-soluble silicone hydrophobic oil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Protein removal unit is equipped with ion exchange resin or activated carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: The purification system further consists of a recycle gas supply line which is supplied to adsorption tower(s), a supply blocking mechanism which blocks the supply of recycle gas to adsorption tower(s) via the recycle gas supply line, a purified-gas densitometer which measures the concentration of methane gas and/or carbon dioxide gas in the purified gas, a control apparatus which controls operation of the supply blocking mechanism and controls time to distribute the recycle gas to adsorption tower(s), and a desorbed gas densitometer which measures the density of methane gas in the desorbed gas and/or the density of a carbon dioxide gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pressure-swing-adsorption process involves repeated process of supplying the methane fermentation gas to an adsorption tower, obtaining purified gas in each adsorption tower, and removing the gas using adsorption agent under reduced pressure. When adsorption process is implemented in adsorption tower(s) and desorption process in remaining adsorption tower(s), a recycle gas discharged from adsorption tower during desorption process is circulated to adsorption process. When the concentration of methane gas in the purified gas is more than predetermined concentration and/or when the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas in the purified gas is less than predetermined concentration, the operation of the supply blocking mechanism is controlled such that the maximum time is more than the time which circulated the recycle gas to adsorption tower(s) in the adsorption process, or vice versa. Preferred Composition: The concentration of methane gas and/or the concentration of a carbon dioxide gas in the purified gas are measured during completion of the adsorption process in adsorption tower(s). The maximum time to circulate the recycle gas to the adsorption tower is determined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) weighing 31, 34 or 33 wt.% urea ( not less than 46% nitrogen), 2.6, 3.7 or 3.3 wt.% yeast extract, 0.12, 0.14 or 0.13 wt.% selenium fertilizer and 0.1 or 0.14 wt.% zinc fertilizer, crushing using crusher, adding crushed material into mixing tank and stirring at 103 degrees C, 123 degrees C or 110 degrees C for a speed of 17 or 15-20 rotations per minute to obtain mixture, (b) adding yeast powder, zinc fertilizer, selenium fertilizer and urea in a ratio of 2.5:0.1:0.1:300 into reaction kettle and melting at 119 degrees C, 126 degrees C or 121 degrees C, (c) mixing the mixture and molten material, and spraying into granulator and crushing 41, 45 or 42 wt.% ammonium sulfate (20% or more nitrogen), dolomite powder and 20, 24 or 20-25 wt.% bentonite and adding crushed material into granulator using conveyor belt and mixing with granules, (d) drying the granules at 99 degrees C, 122 degrees C or 113 degrees C, (e) cooling the dried granules using dual cooling machine, where the granules are cooled not greater than 10 degrees C, not greater than 15 degrees C or not greater than 14 degrees C, (f) sieving the cooled granules using 3-5 mesh sieve, where the granules less than 3 mesh sieve is again fed into granulator for granulation and the granules larger than 5 mesh sieve is again fed into crusher for crushing, and (g) again sieving the granules using 2.5-4.5 mesh sieve, and packing the granules after secondary screening, where the granules less than 2.5 mesh sieve is again fed into granulator for granulation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: N,N-dimethyl formamide concentration is 20-60 g/L and double-phase solution concentration is 2-6 g/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is mixture of aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride. The weight ratio of aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride is 1:1. The amount of catalyst is 1-10 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of acrylic acid and N-hydroxyethyl ethylene urea is 1:1-4:1. The polymerization inhibitor is mixture of phenothiazine, para-benzoquinone, methylene blue, hydroquinone or p-hydroxyanisole. The amount of polymerization inhibitor is 0.1-5 wt.%. The water entrainer is cyclohexane, benzene or toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first frame is provided with a footboard for entry of operators formed high from the ground, and the hopper installing stage opening on one side of the footboard. The first crusher is provided with a support for mounting the first crusher at lower space of the first frame. A discharge chute is formed on the first crusher support for dropping the first debris with the first conveyor. Several liners are provided protruding with separating distance inside the lower case and the upper case. The hopper has a vibration generating means for dropping down branches and leaves without stagnation. The infrared dryer is provided with a moisture sensor and is set to automatic drying time by checking moisture of the first debris. The device further comprises a molding part for molding pellets of standardized size and shape by compressing second debris moving through the second conveyor, where the molded pellets are packed with weight defined in packing part.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Tobacco waste is cigarette rod. Nutrient source is mixture of chicken manure or rape seed bran or both. Auxiliary material is the mixture of corn flour or bran or both. Preferred Composition: Fermentation medium comprises (in wt.%): Bacillus natto (5-50), Penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 (5-50), Bacillus megaterium (5-50) and Streptomyces HD12-4 (10-70). Preferred Condition: High temperature high pressure separating and sterilizing is performed at 158-164 degrees C, preferably 205-215 degrees C and 0.5-0.6 megapascal, preferably 1.9-2.0 megapascal pressure for 1-2 minutes, preferably 2 minutes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The composite perovskite structure is prepared by mixing rare earth metal and/or alkaline-earth metal and transition metal precursor, adding a complexing agent to prepare solution and stirring uniformly, evaporating water, converting the sol into a transparent viscous gel, and drying and calcining to obtain the calcined mixed metal oxide of the perovskite structure. Preferred Components: The perovskite structure of composite metal oxide comprises barium-molybdenum-cobalt oxide (BaMo1-xCoxO3-y), where x is greater than 0.85 but less than 0.95.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes an auxiliary agent comprising zirconium, potassium, ruthenium, molybdenum, nickel, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, silver and/or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method uses a hollow fiber membrane module types using ultrafiltration type DUC 108 made of polysulfone. The method is able to work on concentration of microorganisms to a maximum of 25000 mg/l and organic load (COD concentration of) up to a maximum of 15000 mg/l. Preferred Components: The membrane module has a pore diameter of 0.01 mu m and a tubular shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves maintaining salinity level at 25-35%/ml, maintaining pH of the medium at 8.3-9 and temperature at 20-25 degrees C, continuously illuminating the medium using 40-watt fluorescent lamp, continuously aerating the illuminated medium using blower, and determining the early density of cells/ml. The Arschat medium comprises macro nutrients and micro nutrients. The macro nutrient composition comprises sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and calcium chloride hexahydrate. The micronutrient composition comprises boric acid, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, manganous sulfate tetrahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, ammonium molybdate, NaFeEDTA, sodium silicate nonahydrate, tri-mix, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloric acid, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-base, vitamin mixture, biotin, vitamin B12, and vitamin B1. The method involves determining the biomass of the marine phytoplankton cells by gravimetrically after third day cessation of light and aeration on mass culture. The marine phytoplankton is analyzed for three days after terminating light and aeration processes. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The step of culturing microalgae strains is performed using an incubator at a temperature of 25-30 degrees C, a pH of 6-8, an intensity of 40-60 mu mol/m2 sec and a stirring speed of 100-200 revolution per minute. The strains of microalgae freshwater are cultured in a dark period of 12:12-24:0. The freshwater microalgae strain comprises Micractinium reisseri, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Botryococcus, and Chlorella protothecoides. The method removes an organic and inorganic compound, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a wastewater. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves using waste water as the culture medium including livestock wastewater, agricultural effluent, industrial wastewater, sewage sludge, sludge of purified water, sewage disposal plant inflow water and sewage disposal plant discharged water. The method involves mixing the seawater or food deintercalation filtrate with the culture of microalgae culture medium and adjusting the salinity of the mixture. The method involves adding the culture medium into the fluorescence shaking incubator, performing culturing process at 25-30 degrees C and pH 7.2-7.6, and providing illumination at 40-60 mu mol/m2-second, where the culture is stirred at a speed of 100-200 revolutions per minute (rpm). The method involves removing the nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon and carbonic anhydride within the culture medium. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biofilm is made of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent system is a dispersion of a metal hypochlorite in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent. The metal hypochlorite is sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the enhancing method, there is a percentage increase of 30-80% using the polyhydroxyalkanoate functionalized electrode as compared to an electrode not functionalized with polyhydroxyalkanoate. Preferred Components: The halogenated hydrocarbon solvent is chloroform (preferred), hexane, ether, toluene, or dichloromethane. The nutrient rich medium comprises tryptone, yeast extract, glucose, calcium carbonite, or water. The substrate is glucose, grape juice, glycerol, fructose, sucrose, maltose, mannose, starch, starch hydrolyzate, molasses, polyalcohols, pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid or acetic acid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The ratio of glucose, cellulase, humic acid, urea and mineral stone is 1:2:1:1:5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: Calcined lime is added at 15-28 wt.%, based on organic material content. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added at 8-15 wt.%, based on organic material content. Papain is added at 0.5-1.5 wt.% and lysozyme is added at 0.2-2 wt.%, on dry basis. Centrifugation is performed at 5000-12000 revolutions/minute for 20-40 minute. Filtration is performed at 0.2-0.8 MPa for 0.5-2 hours. The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is adjusted to 200 g/L. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic base is base or solution of alcohol or water with concentration of 25-50%. Alcohol is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol and/or isoamyl alcohol. Inorganic base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and/or potassium bicarbonate. The quinolone compound is ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin or sarafloxacin.Preferred Composition: Molar ratio of inorganic base is 1.0-3.0:1.Preferred Method: Decompressing and recovering is carried out at 100-130 degrees C with pressure of 0.01-0.1 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves adding compost. The step (b) involves sterilizing the substrate at 100-150 degrees C, preferably 125 degrees C and 0.1-0.2 MPa, preferably 0.15 MPa for 1.5-2.5 hours, preferably 2 hours. The step (c) involves fermenting obtained substrate for 7-8 days, where the substrate turns once during fermentation. Preferred Mushroom: The method involves using edible mushroom chosen from Pleurotus eryngii, Agaricus, Ganoderma lucidum, needle mushroom, oyster mushroom, Coprinus comatus and Agaricus bisporus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Herb is Akebia quinata, Akebia trifolia or Akebia longeracemosa.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking stem, leaf or fruit of herb, crushing, extracting with ethanol, acetone and/or water, concentrating, suspending in water, extracting with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, concentrating, purifying by silica gel column chromatography for 2 times, eluting with chloroform/methanol, carrying out HPLC, eluting with methanol/water, passing through Sephadex LH-20 (RTM: dextran gel) column, and eluting with methanol. Preferred Composition: Compound (I) salt is addition salt with organic acid. Compound (I) ester is esterification product with alcohol. ACTIVITY - Antidiabetic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - alpha -Glucosidase inhibitor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing kitchen waste chosen from fruits, vegetables, meat and eggs. The step (a) involves recycling kitchen waste with weak base in mixed ratio of 1:10. The step (a) further involves adjusting pH to 9. The step (g) involves concentrating fermented mixture to 30-35% to obtain product. Preferred Bacteria: The biological strain is methanogenic bacteria and/or aerobic bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The agent comprises 24-26 %mass B.subtilis, 22-27 %mass A.niger, 12-13 %mass Candida utilis, 17-19 %mass green Trichoderma, 12-14 %mass A.oryzae and 1.4-1.7 %mass cellulose. Preferred Method: The method involves crushing 1000 kg crop straw into 3-5 cm, adding 2 kg crop straw agent, 150-200 kg livestock manure or urea, 5-8 kg or 15-20 kg ammonium bicarbonate, stirring mixture, covering mixture with plastic sheet, turning mixture for every 5-7 days, and aging for 20-30 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The feather is duck or chicken feather, animal hair. The meat and bone powder is from pork and chicken. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermenting material comprises mixture of Bacillus subtilis and B.mucilaginosus. The fermentation time is 10-12 hours. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The side wall of the main reaction tank is provided with polystyrene foam insulating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves weighing 3 pts. wt. or 5 pts. wt. animal excrement, 1 pts. wt. or 2 pts. wt. pine needle powder, 1 pts. wt. or 2 pts. wt. saw milling ash, 2 pts. wt. or 3 pts. wt. grass powder, 2 pts. wt. or 3 pts. wt. fern root, 1 pts. wt. or 2 pts. wt. dry tea, 1 pts. wt. or 2 pts. wt. soybean cake, and 1 pts. wt. or 2 pts. wt. rape seed cake. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The blueberry special base fertilizer comprises 3 pts. wt. animal excrement, 1 pt. wt. pine needle powder, 1 pt. wt. saw milled ash, 2 pts. wt. carbon powder, 1 pt. wt. fern root, and 4 pts. wt. edible fungus waste package. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (e) involves performing ozone sterilization for 50-80 minutes where the mixture is turned once for every 20 minutes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dihydrogen phosphate comprises 35-46% of phosphorus, 54-60% of potassium oxide, and ammonium sulfate containing more than 22% of nitrogen. The peat comprises more than 50% of humic acid. The serpentine powder silicon ore powder that is rich in calcium and magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The plant branch is 3-5 cm apple branch. The base material of carbon biomass comprises livestock and poultry waste matter and fungus bran. Preferred Method: Heating is done at 550 degrees C for 2.5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The plant residue comprises straw, leaves, branches and peat. The eco-friendly organic fertilizer comprises 11 wt.% potassium ore, 14 wt.% ground phosphate rock, 15 wt.% calcium chloride, 14 wt.% potassium and magnesium sulfate, 13 wt.% plant residue, 18 wt.% animal waste and 15 wt.% black soybean. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The nitrogen-fixing bacteria is diluted with 3-8 times water before added to sterilized waste. Preferred Component: The animal waste is pig waste, chicken waste, duck waste or cow waste with 50-90% water content. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Vegetable fertilizer comprises 20-30 pts. wt. corn cob, 5-15 pts. wt. straw, 5-10 pts. wt. wood chips, 10-15 pts. wt. peanut, 10-15 pts. wt. peanut stem leaf, 10-15 pts. wt. slag, 2-3 pts. wt. diammonium phosphate, 5-15 pts. wt. earthworm waste, and 20-30 pts. wt. chicken waste. Preferred Component: The chicken waste is fermented chicken waste. Preferred Method: Sieving is done at 8-10 mesh and 0.5 cm. Piling is done for 60 days, turning every 15-20 days and spraying 5-10% water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Antibacterial.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Mass ratio of potassium and nitrogen in organic fertilizer is 7:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Mass ratio of phosphorus, nitrogen and phosphate is 6:1:3. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The waste sulfuric acid sulfonation product comprises 2,4-diamino acid, sulfonated esters and 2-amino-naphthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid. The formaldehyde is 37 wt.% aqueous formaldehyde solution. The amount of waste sulfuric acid sulfonated product added is 1-5% quality. The amount of urea added is 10-50 wt.% of formaldehyde. The amount of activated carbon added is 1-3 wt.% of waste sulfuric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preparation (claimed): The organic foliar fertilizer is prepared by dehydrating 55 wt.% chicken manure to 60-65% moisture content in microwave, sterilizing at 110 degrees C, crushing Houttuynia using rotary cutter, sterilizing at 110 degrees C, sterilizing 25 wt.% fermented brown rice vinegar at 110 degrees C, mixing sterilized chicken manure, Houttuynia and fermented brown rice vinegar into fermentation vessel, adjusting humidity at 60-65%, fermenting at 40-45 degrees C in autoclave, mixing for 2 hours, introducing steam, maintaining fermentation tank at 40-45 degrees C for 7 days and stirring for 1 hour per period, obtaining fermentation suspension, placing suspension in reaction vessel, adding 6% sodium bicarbonate solution at mass ratio of 1:1, reacting for 30 minutes and neutralizing to pH 6.8-7.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The neutralizing agent is sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: Houttuynia comprises Houttuynia cordata, Saururus chinensis and/or Gymnotheca chinensis. The fermented brown rice vinegar comprises brown rice fermented using Hansenula anomala yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, purple yeast, fruit yeast and Acetobacter aceti. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Pesticide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of straw and hygroscopic material is 1:0.2-0.5. The weight ratio of slurry in slurry bed material is 1-2:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hygroscopic material having iron content of 10-45 wt.% is bentonite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, attapulgite and/or iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer further comprises 5-25 wt.% animal manure. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): nitrogenous fertilizer (30-50), phosphorus fertilizer (20-40) and potassium fertilizer (35-45). Nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or thiamine. Phosphorus fertilizer is selected from monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate or heavy calcium carbonate. Potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, potassium sulfate or potassium nitrate. Preferred Process: Fermented chicken manure is prepared by mixing dry chicken manure, soybean meal, pine needle powder and humus in a ratio of 50:10:15:1 in a jar under stirring condition to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture is mixed with water to obtain mixture. The mixture is fermented by using lactic acid bacteria for 2-3 weeks to obtain fermented product, which is then dried under sun to obtain the finished product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The auxiliary material comprises chemical fiber, water retention agent, adhesive, microbial fertilizer, soil modifier, trace element fertilizer, and pesticide and insecticide, in a weight ratio of 90-120:10-10:0.5-5:0.5-5:0.5-3:0.5-3:0.5-3. The decomposed sludge compost is sewage sludge compost treated by sewage treatment factories. Preferred Process: The uniform soil mixture is filled in ecological bags, and then these ecological bags are planted on the upper ecological surface of the slope. Pneumatic or hydraulic pumps are used for transporting the ecological bags on slopes, and placing the ecological bags with sowing seeds on the slope for plantation, greening and repairing of the slope. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Insecticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Fertilizer composition is prepared by grinding tobacco stalk and then mixing obtained powder with chicken manure, rice flour, shell powder, effective microorganisms inoculants uniformly. The obtain product is fermented under anaerobic condition for 30-35 days. The obtained product is mixed with basalt powder and soil modifying agent and then obtained product is mixed with water to obtain slurry. The obtained slurry is mixed with zinc sulfate, ferric sulfate and remaining component for 10-20 minutes. The obtained product is concentrated and dried and then granulated to obtain desired product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mol ratio of p-aminophenol and acetic acid is 1.0:2.3-2.5. The mol ratio of butanol and acetic acid for the esterification reaction is 1.05-1.1:1. The esterification is carried out at 55-60 degrees C. 0.4 %mass concentrated sulfuric acid is added as catalyst in the reaction mixture. The butyl acetate produced is further subjected to rectification process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The catalyst is aluminum trichloride, ferric trichloride or zinc chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of chloroacetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, catalyst and solvent is 1:0.35-0.85:0.0034-0.08:2.32-3.96. The solvent is benzene, toluene or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The N,N-dimethyl formamide and 3-acetylpyridine has molar ratio of 1:1.2-1.5. The mass of zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5) catalyst is 3-7% of 3-acetylpyridine mass. Preferred Method: Reaction is done at 90-120 degrees C for 2-4 hours. Hot filtering is done at 90-150 degrees C. The solid product is calcined at 550-650 degrees C for 1-3 hours. Cooling to temperature of 15-25 degrees C. Recrystallizing temperature is 0-110 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Filtration is done using stainless steel wire with 400-500 mu m mesh size. Membrane filtration is done using 0.1 mu m tubular membrane made of porous ceramic aluminum oxide, silica or silicon carbide. Nano filtration is done at 2-2.2 MPa, 20-30 degrees C and flow speed of 400-500 L/hour using aromatic polyamide composite as film. Ultrafiltration is done at 0.3-0.5 MPa, 20-30 degrees C and flow speed of 2000-3000 L/hour using 0.1 mu m polyvinylidene fluoride as film. Spray drying is done at 130-140 degrees C inlet temperature, 40-50 degrees C outlet temperature and rotating speed of 150-180 revolutions/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pH regulator is 20% hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. The weak salt is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate. The acid solution is tartaric acid, lactic acid or phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Mixing temperature is 50-70 degrees C. Mixing time is 2-8 hours. Mixing speed is 300 rpm. Preferred Compositions: Biological straw is rice straw, corn stalk, oil seed stalk, cotton stalk, and/or wheat straw. Catalyst is RAG-1, RAG-6, or RAG-7. Additive is alkyl phenol ethoxylate and 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol mixture. Ether gasoline contains 20-40 pts. wt. dimethyl ether, 10-20 pts. wt. ethanol, 20-40 pts. wt. biological straw, 1-5 pts. wt. distilled water, 1-3 pts. wt. catalyst, 2-4 pts. wt. alkyl phenol ethoxylate, and 2-4 pts. wt. 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Biocomposite diesel contains 35-40 pts. wt. soybean oil, preferably 45 pts. wt.; 7-8 pts. wt. ethylene glycol, preferably 8 pts. wt.; 7-8 pts. wt. sodium hydroxide, preferably 7 pts. wt.; 6-8 pts. wt. hydrochloric acid solution, preferably 10 pts. wt.; and 25-30 pts. wt. water, preferably 30 pts. wt..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Alcohol gasoline additive contains 50 pts. wt. methanol, preferably 80 pts. wt.; 30 pts. wt. ethanol, preferably 15 pts. wt.; 10 pts. wt. isopropanol, preferably 6 pts. wt.; 4 pts. wt. methyl tert.-butyl ether, preferably 6 pts. wt.; 1 pt. wt. diethyl ether, 2 pts. wt.; 3 pts. wt. polyisobutylene imide, preferably 5 pts. wt.; 1 pt. wt. methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, preferably 1.5 pts. wt.; 2 pts. wt. acetone, preferably 5 pts. wt.; 2 pts. wt. methyl isobutyrate, preferably 4 pts. wt.; and 2 pts. wt. maleic anhydride, preferably 4 pts. wt..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Environment-friendly methanol gasoline contains 15-55 pts. wt. methanol, preferably 20 pts. wt.; 15-50 pts. wt. gasoline, preferably 50 pts. wt.; 1.5-2.5 pts. wt. acetone, preferably 2 pts. wt.; 0.8-4 pts. wt. formaldehyde, preferably 2.5 pts. wt.; 0.5-3 pts. wt. ferrocene, preferably 2 pts. wt.; and 10-20 pts. wt. nano-fuel additive, preferably 15 pts. wt.. Nano-antiwear agent is AR metal nano-antiwear agent, ER metal nano-antiwear agent, or magnetic suspension nano-antiwear agent. Weight ratio of nano-antiwear agent:nano-additive is 3:17. Preferred Processes: Preparation of environment-friendly methanol gasoline further involves preparing 15-65 pts. wt. methanol, 15-55 pts. wt. gasoline, 1.5-3 pts. wt. acetone, 0.8-5 pts. wt. formaldehyde, 0.5-3.5 pts. wt. ferrocene, and 10-20 pts. wt. nano-fuel additive, uniformly mixing nano-antiwear agent:nano-additive with weight ratio of 3:15-17 to obtain nano-fuel additive, mixing acetone, formaldehyde, and ferrocene to obtain cosolvent, adding cosolvent and 15-65 pts. wt. methanol to obtain denatured alcohol, successively adding nano-fuel additive, denatured alcohol, and 15-55 pts. wt. gasoline, and fully mixing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Diesel contains biodiesel:fossil diesel with weight ratio of 1:1-9. Additive contains 10-45 pts. wt. vegetable oil acid, 7-30 pts. wt. petroleum acid, 3-5 pts. wt. cosolvent, 5-20 pts. wt. aviation kerosene, 0.1-2 pts. wt. isooctyl nitrate, 0.006-0.029 pts. wt. cyclopentyl ferrocene, and 1-7 pts. wt. zinc peroxide. Cosolvent contains isopropanol:isobutanol:octanol with weight ratio of 1-2:1-4:1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Composite additive contains 10-25 volume parts dodecyl methacrylate, preferably 23 volume parts; 10-25 volume parts stearyl acrylate, preferably 23 volume parts; 2-14 volume parts isooctyl nitrate, preferably 12 volume parts; 1-4 volume parts diethyl phthalate, preferably 3 volume parts; 7-16 volume parts maleic anhydride, preferably 12 volume parts; 1-9 volume parts isooctanol, preferably 8 volume parts; 1-8 volume parts tert.-butylamine, preferably 7 volume parts; 1-8 volume parts dicetyl(dimethyl)ammonium chloride, preferably 5 volume parts; 1-6 volume parts polyoxyethylene cetyl alkylphenol ether, preferably 4 volume parts; and 1-5 volume parts phenyl propargyl ether, preferably 3 volume parts.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Weighting agent is ethyl formate or ethyl acetate. Emulsifier contains mixture of sorbitan monooleate:surfactant with mass ratio of 1:2-1:15. Surfactant is Triton X-100 (RTM: Non-ionic surfactant).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Bio-oil contains 25 wt.% castor oil, 25 wt.% colza oil, 25 wt.% peanut oil, and 25 wt.% soybean oil. Short-chain alcohol contains 40 wt.% methanol and 60 wt.% ethanol. Preferred Processes: Additive is obtained by mixing 5-10 wt.% dialkyl diphenylamine, 5-20 wt.% long chain fatty acid, 5-15 wt.% phosphate, 5-20 wt.% o-phenylenediamine, 2-4 wt.% isooctyl nitrate, and 31-78 wt.% toluene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Microalgae is small ball algae or green viridis. Preferred Parameters: Microalgae density is 0.3. Preferred Conditions: Inoculating temperature is 25 degrees C. Culturing illumination is 35001x.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Lipase is Candida lipase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase, and/or Aspergillus niger lipase with 1:1 adding ratio.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Volume ratio chloroform:methanol:water is 1:2:1.5. Preferred Conditions: Extraction standing time is 4 hours. Enzyme catalytic reaction temperature is 35 degrees C and time is 52 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises step (c) including adding the microbial fertilizer for 3-5 days, and evaporating until the water content is 30% at a temperature of 45-60 degrees C. The culturing process is carried out at 28-35 degrees C at a speed of 160-220 revolutions/minute for 24-48 hours. Preferred Components: Burkholderia comprises 16S rDNA comprising fully defined 1453 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO: 1), as given in the specification. The livestock poultry manure is dairy manure, pig manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure and/or goose manure. The NA liquid culture medium comprises 5 g/l beef extract, 10 g/l peptone, 5 g/l sodium chloride, and remaining amount of water. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The step (e) involves performing ozone sterilization for 20 minutes for first time, turning the mixture once and performing second time sterilization for 50-80 minutes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composite microbial inoculum is 10-15 billion/g microzyme, 15-20 billion/g Azotobacter chroococcum, 15-20 billion/g B.licheniformis, 15-20 billion/g B.subtilis, 100-150 billion/g photosynthetic bacteria, 15-20 billion/g B.laterosporus, 15-20 billion/g B.megaterium, 15-20 billion/g B.mucilaginosus. Preferred Components: The organic filler is amino acid residue, humic acid, livestock manure, sludge powder or their combinations. The fertilizer core is prepared by respectively fermenting microbes individually, mixing fermented liquid to obtain mixed microbial inoculum, adding polyacrylamide, polylysine, ascorbic acid, EDTA and organic filler, uniformly stirring, using disk pelleting technology, spraying mixture into granule, and drying at less than 60-7 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The microbial fermentation agent is one or more chosen from yeast and bacterial enzymes. Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 80 %mass lees, 12 %mass rice bran, 7 %mass ash and 1 %mass microbial fermentation agent. Preferred Method: The step (c) is performed until the water content reaches 35-45%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of phenol oil containing 4-methyl guaiacol is 10 -80%. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 20-50%. The oxygen-containing gas is air. The alcohol solvent is methanol or ethanol. The oxidation catalyst is manganese sulfate. Preferred Method: The crystallization temperature is -30 degrees C to -20 degrees C for 8-48 hours. The drying step is carried out under reduced pressure at a temperature of 20-80 degrees C, absolute pressure of 0-0.05 MPa for 10-30 hours. The content of oxygen containing gas is 5-60%, and the oxidation time is 8 24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Microbial agent has 6 pts. wt. long bristles coir, 5 pts. wt. T. koningii, 4 pts. wt. circular leaven Chaetomium, 4 pts. wt. green T. viride, and 2 pts. wt. G. candidum. Volume percentage of strains inoculated in culture medium is 10%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Compositions: Organic material contains 70% fresh cattle manure, 13% straw, 9% peat, 3.5% beet pulp, 3% soybean curb residue, and 1.5% zeolite powder. Straw is corn stalk, Sorghum straw, rice straw, or wheat straw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Culture medium comprises solvent and solute. Solvent is water. Solute is selected from peptone (5 g/l), yeast extract (1 g/l), sodium chloride (5g/l), dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate (1 g/l), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (0.35g/l) and calcium carbonate (3g/l). Xylan poly sugar clostridium (Clostridium xylanolyticum) is xylan poly sugar Clostridium xylanolyticum (DSM NO: 6555T), cellulose-xylan solution Xylanimonas cellulosilytica is cellulose xylan Xylanimona (ACCC NO: 15894), Pseudomonas is Pseudomonas (ACCC NO: 11691) and bud holding Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis (03189). Preferred Components: Decomposing agent composition also comprises adsorption carrier (1x 10-6-1x IO-5) g in colony-forming units. Adsorption carrier is selected from maifanite and straw powder (in wt. 2:8). Preferred Condition: Culturing process is performed at 30 degrees C. ADMINISTRATION - The decomposing agent is sprayed on rice straw at dose of 2 kg per acre inside 2-10 cm surface layer of earth for more than 20 days by using in situ technology, where rice straw is crushed and then mixed with microbial inoculum (Claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Impurity of obtained product is less than or equal to 1%. Polar solvent is methanol, ethanol, or acetonitrile. Abamectin powder is abamectin fermentation liquid crude extract. Preferred Processes: Gradient elution is processed by eluting using 50-70 vol.% polar solvent and water mixed solution to remove impurities and eluting using 75-80 vol.% polar solvent and water mixed solution. Preferred Conditions: Eluent flow speed is 1-4 times column volume/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The pump is an eccentric screw pump. The stirrer is a mixing screw.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The clamping elements can be pressed on two mutually opposite sealing surfaces of the receiving pocket during spreading. The device has a spreading element positioned between the two clamping elements, and can be spread by the actuation of the two clamping elements. The expansion element is formed by a screw connection of two screwed together screw joints which are in contact and/or in engagement with the clamping element. The spreading element is contacted with the clamping elements in a plant which is spreading in positive locking manner. The expansion element has a recess on its surface during spreading of the clamping elements into engagement with the clamping elements, where the contour of the clamping elements at least partially simulates the recess. The expansion element is pivoted by a tool from its position straddling on the clamping elements and is canceled by the spreading effect. The receiving pocket has at least one undercut, into which one of the clamping elements is clamped when setting of the film. The receiving pocket comprises two undercuts, into which one of the clamping elements is clamped when the setting of the film respectively when setting of the film, where the receiving pocket is dovetail-shaped in the cross section. The receiving pocket is formed by a cross-sectionally U-shaped profile piece. The receiving pocket is formed by the interaction of the two cross-sectionally Z-shaped profile pieces.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The wood biomass fuel is produced at temperature of 565-575 degrees F. The wood biomass has a moisture content of 10-25 wt.% (preferably 13-15 wt.%), 0.2-2 wt.% (preferably 1.8-2 wt.%) of calcium carbonate which covers 80-100% (preferably 90-100%) of the wood biomass, where calcium carbonate has a particle size of 0.17-0.4 microns (preferably 0.2 microns).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The salt comprises sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst further comprises zinc, iron or cobalt. At least a portion of the catalyst is present as catalyst particles comprising nickel oxide where the average particle size of all of the catalyst particles is less than 250 nm, preferably less than 150 nm, especially less than 100 nm, and particularly less than 50 nm. At least a portion of the catalyst is present in a fixed bed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrogenation temperature is 190-370 degrees C, 210-370 degrees C, 220-360 degrees C, 240-360 degrees C, 250-360 degrees C, 280-360 degrees C, 290-350 degrees C, and 300-330 degrees C. The hydrogenation pressure is 70-300 bar, 80-245 bar, 82-242 bar, 82-210 bar, 90-207 bar and 90-172 bar. Preferred Components: The liquid solvent is water, or an organic solvent. The lignin biomass feedstream comprises lignin and the converted lignin stream has a composition comprising aromatic compounds (reformate) where the total area of the aromatic compounds (reformate) under a GC/MS curve of the converted lignin stream is within 60-95% of the total area under the GC/MS curve. The lignin biomass feedstream comprises lignin and the converted lignin stream has a composition selected from: phenols where the total area of the phenols under a GC/MS curve of the converted lignin stream is within 45-95% of the total are under the GC/MS curve; cycloalkane alcohols where the total area of the cycloalkane alcohols under a GC/MS curve of the converted lignin stream is within 45-95% of the total area under the GC/MS curve; and naphthene rich naphtha compounds where the total area of the naphthene rich naphtha compounds under a GC/MS curve of the converted lignin stream is within 40-95% of the total area under the GC/MS curve. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst comprises an elemental metal. The first catalyst: comprises platinum, palladium, cesium, copper, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, gold, iron, cobalt or iridium; or is a bimetallic catalyst comprised of at least one of platinum, palladium, cesium, copper, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, gold, iron, cobalt and iridium. The ratio of mmol of hydrogen donor molecules to mmol of catalyst is 1:1-5:1, 1.2:1-4:1 or 1.5:1-3:1. The hydrogen gas is present at less than 25% of the total amount of hydrogen atoms donated from the at least one hydrogen donating compound and hydrogen gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The hydrogen donor molecules are: produced from a previously converted lignin feedstream; or cyclohexanol supplied from a mixture of the converted lignin feedstream and a source other than the convened lignin feedstream. The process is carried at a temperature of at least 190 degrees C to 320 degrees C. The process further comprises exposing the converted lignin feedstream to hydrogen. Preferred Components: The hydrogen donor molecules comprise sorbitol, glycerol, xylitol or ethylene glycol. The mole ratio of donor molecules to phenol oil having an assigned molecular weight of 150 g/mol is 2:1-10:1, 3:1-9:1, 4:1-8:1 or 5:1-7:1. The hydrogen donor molecules comprise aliphatic polyols, substituted cyclohexane compounds of formula (a1) or (a2).R1 = -OCH2, -H or -OH; andR2, R = -CH3, -CH2-CH3, -CH2-CH2-CH3 or -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The silicon-containing solute is chosen from intermediate product of cement and cement, blast furnace slag, and coal ash.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline substance consists of calcium carbonate or lime.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: An acetic acid-containing liquid is added (S4) to the oil after adding the oil modifier. The oil heating is carried out at 70-110 degrees C. The temperature of the oil is maintained at temperature higher than the melting temperature of the oil component after modification process, stirred for 10-30 minutes, and left to stand and cooled (S5). The silicon-containing solute is heat-processed at temperature below the heat melting point of the silicon containing material. Preferred Components: The acetic acid-containing liquid is food vinegar chosen from grain vinegar and fruit vinegar. The solvent contains diluted hydrochloric acid. The acid solvent contains 2 or more gelatinized suppressing agents chosen from acetic acid, ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method further comprises adding 10-20 pts. wt. of liquefied fertilizer and 0.1-0.3 pts. wt. of deodorant in the mixture. The carbon powder includes sawdust, rice hull, rice straw, and dried granule of food and drink waste. A starch flour present in an amount of 10-30 pts. wt. is added in the carbon powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises performing heat recovery step. The catalytic oxidation step is carried out at a temperature of 100-800 degrees C in a catalytic oxidation unit comprising a catalytic bed constituted of palladium and platinum catalyst. The step (b) is carried out at a temperature of 100-800 degrees C, preferably 200-600 degrees C. Preferred Components: A concentration of oxygen in the supply gas flow is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%. A concentration of carbon dioxide in the supply gas flow is greater than 45%, preferably greater than 80%. The water, which is produced during the step (a), is removed in a drying unit. The catalytic oxidation unit comprises a first reactor (3) comprising a first catalytic bed and implementing a first fuel, and a second reactor (4) comprising a second catalytic bed and implementing a second fuel. The first reactor has an oxygen concentration of 1500-100 ppm(v), preferably 1000-500 ppm(v). The first fuel is methane, and the second fuel is hydrogen. The gas flow recovered at an outlet of the second reactor has an oxygen concentration of less than 100 ppm(v), preferably less than 1 ppm(v). The supply gas flow is an oxy-combustion fume flow, where the oxy-combustion is performed under a pressure of 10-50 bar. The supply gas flow is heated at a temperature of 400-500 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidizing agent is an iodination agent. The strong base compound is an aromatic ester compound of alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, alkyl lithium compound, alkyl magnesium compound, metal hydride, or metallic amide. The weakly basic compound is an aromatic ester compound of alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate, alkaline-earth metal carbonate, tertiary amine, or pyridine. The formate ester compound is of formula: HCOOR1 (I). The formamide compound is of formula: HCONR2R3 (II).R1-R3=H or optionally substituted linear or branched 1-12C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pressure-swing-adsorption process is performed in the purifier having 2 or more sets of adsorption towers filled with an adsorption agent. An adsorption process is carried out by supplying the methane fermentation gas into the adsorption tower, and obtaining the purified gas in each adsorption tower. A desorption process is carried out by adsorbing the adsorption agent in the adsorption process under reduced pressure, and regenerating the adsorption agent by desorbing the gas. The adsorption process is repeated, and the recycled gas is formed in one or more portions of the desorbed gas discharged from the adsorption tower during the desorption process. The concentration of methane gas and/or carbon dioxide gas in the purified gas and desorbed gas is measured, after completing the adsorption process in the adsorption towers. The circulation time of recycle gas in the adsorption tower is determined using the measured concentrations. Preferred Properties: The circulation time of recycle gas is longer, when the concentration of methane gas or carbon dioxide gas in the purified gas is more. The circulation time of recycle gas is shorter, when the concentration of methane gas or carbon dioxide gas in the purified gas is less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The corn straw is naturally dried and cut into length of 1-2 cm. The potato is crushed and then added to the fermentor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The corn cob granule size is 80-100 meshes. The nutrient solution comprises 2 g/l ammonium bicarbonate, 1 g/l monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 g/l magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01 g/l sodium chloride, 0.01 g/l sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.01 g/l calcium chloride dihydrate, 0.015 g/l manganese sulfate heptahydrate and 0.00278 g/l ferrous chloride. The cow dung and corn cob granules are mixed in mass ratio of 0.2:0.5. The nutrient solution and corn cob granules are mixed in ratio of 8:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The temperature of shaker is maintained at 35 plus minus 1 degrees C. Preferred Component: The straw is wheat straw, cotton stalk, rice stalk or soybean straw.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nutrient solution comprises 2.05 g/l ammonium bicarbonate, 1 g/l potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 g/l magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.01 g/l sodium chloride, 0.01 g/l sodium molybdate, 0.01 g/l calcium chloride dehydrate, 0.015 g/l manganese sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.00278 g/l ferrous chloride. The dilute acid is 20-30% hydrochloric acid or acetic acid solution. The alkali solution is 10-20% sodium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The fermentation culture medium is adjusted using phosphate buffer salt having pH of 5. The amount of cellulose is 20-25 FPU/g. The inoculating amount of the yeast is 5-6%. The rubber plug is microaerophilic rubber plug. In fermentation process, nonionic surfactant is added.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in pts.wt.): yeast agent (8, preferably 9), colloidal microbial inoculum of Bacillus spores (8, preferably 7), phosphate-dissolving microbial inoculum of giant Bacillus spores (8, preferably 7), Bacillus subtilis culture (12, preferably 13), Aspergillus awamori culture (3, preferably 2) and Lactobacillus agent (3, preferably 2). Preferred Components: Bacillus subtilis has preservation number i.e. CGMCC 7926. Preferred Process: Bacillus subtilis culture is prepared by transfering seed liquid from the slant culture of Bacillus subtilis into fermentor. The obtained fermentation liquid is filtered using plate and frame filter press and then obtained product is dried to obtain desired product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The nutrient agent comprises potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The culture solution is fermented and cultured at 33 degrees C and alkaline pH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus K-8 strain (CGMCC NO: 6486). The microbial inoculum comprises fermentation liquid and carrier in a mass ratio of (1-50):100. The fermentation liquor comprises Bacillus K-8 strain at a concentration of not less than 107 colony forming unit (cfu)/ml. Preferred strain: The strain is cultured in fermentation culture medium comprising 5-10 g/l glucose, 10-30 g/l molasses, 5-10 g/l silkworm pupa powder, 5-20 g/l corn, 10-20 g/l sodium chloride, 1-10 g/l calcium carbonate, and 0.02-0.08 g/l ferrous chloride, where the medium has ph of 7-7.5. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The matrix comprises 100-400 pts. wt., preferably 300 pts. wt. cow dung, 500-800 pts. wt., preferably 600 pts. wt. corn straw, 50-90 pts. wt., preferably 70 pts. wt. zeolite powder, 100-400 pts. wt., preferably 250 pts. wt. peat, and 10-150 pts. wt., preferably 80 pts. wt. urea. The peat comprises 3-6 wt.% potassium content, and 1-3% phosphorus content. Preferred Components: The corn straw is obtained by drying and crushing the corn straw to 3-5 cm and has 10-20 wt.% organic matter content. The zeolite powder has more than 60% silicon content and 1-2 g/cm3 clinoptilolite or mordenite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic fertilizer is chicken manure or other livestock and poultry excrement. Rare earth oxide content of rare earth fertilizer is more than 38%. Organic content of the peat is 50-70%. The humic acid is pure humic acid, sodium humate, or potassium humate, where the ratio of chicken manure and other livestock and poultry excrement is 1:5, the organic fertilizer is fermented and dried to a thickness of 45-100 mesh size, moisture content of the humic acid is more than 50%, mesh size of the humic acid is 60-80 mesh size, content of nitrogen in urea is 45%, pH of the peat is 5.5-6.5, content of potassium hydroxide in the potash fertilizer is 60%, and content of phosphorus pentoxide in the calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 12%. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer is crushed to 60-80 mesh sizes, where particle size of the fertilizer is 1-5 mm. The The agricultural plant resource is banana leaf, pineapple leaf, sisal leaf, or tea leaf. The microbial agent is atleast one of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, and Trichoderma. The attapulgite is atleast one of clay, montmorillonite, and kaolin. The filler is atleast one of zeolite powder, and calcium silicate powder. Preferred Method: The water content of the water retaining fertilizer is 20-40%. The method involves fermenting the mixture for 10-15 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Molar ratio of diethyl ethylmalonate, 1-bromo-3-chloropropane and sodium hydride is 1:1-1.2:1-1.3. Mass ratio of sodium hydroxide and 2-( gamma -chloropropyl)-2-ethylmalonate is 1:2. Volume ratio of ethanol and water is 1:3. Mass ratio of sodium hydroxide and ethanol solution is 1:3.8 Preferred Method: Reaction time is 8-15 hours. Reflux time is 5-8 hours. Crystallizing is carried out at 0-10 degrees C for 5-15 hours. Preferred Components: Organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The benzyl formate compound (III) is obtained by dissolving benzyl 2-((4-((1E)-amino((((hexyloxy)carbonyl)imino))methyl)phenyl)amino)acetate (IV) with reaction solvent in presence of palladium on carbon under hydrogen atmosphere. The compound (IV) is prepared by dissolving benzyl 2-((4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino)acetate (V) in reaction solvent, adding base and n-hexyl chloroformate ester. The compound (V) is obtained by reacting benzyl 2-((4-cyanophenyl)amino)acetate (VI) with hydrochloric acid, adding saturated ammonia and ethanol, and reacting. The compound (VI) is obtained by reacting 4-aminobenzonitrile (VII) with benzyl 2-chloroacetate. The ratio of compound (VII) and benzyl 2-chloroacetate is 1:1-3. The ratio of compound (IV), hydrochloric acid, and saturated ammonia and ethanol is 1:5-30:20-50. The reaction solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, acetone, triethylamine and miscible solvent. The ratio of compound (I) and n-hexyl chloroformate ester 1:1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The wastewater comprises 2 %mass salt. Preferred Treatment: The treatment method involves preparing R.ruber microbial solution, preferably microbial agent and adding the microbial agent to aerobic activated sludge containing organic pollutants. Preferred Microbial Agent: The agent is prepared by (a) inoculating live R.ruber into shake flask containing medium, shaking at 35-37 degrees C to late logarithmic growth phase and collecting bacterial strain from shake flask, (b) inoculating the bacterial strain obtained in (a) to the seed culture medium at 34-36 degrees C to obtain logarithmic phase seed culture liquid, and (c) inoculating the seed culture liquid obtained in (b) into the fermentation medium and culturing at 34-36 degrees C and fermenting to obtain product. The step (b) is performed by is performed by passing 1:0.7 (volume/volume) sterile air and stirring at a speed of 200 revolutions/minute. The step (c) is performed by passing 1:0.7 (volume/volume) sterile air, and stirring at a speed of 200-240 revolutions/minute. Preferred Medium: The shake flask medium comprises 10 g/l peptone, 5 g/l yeast extract, 10 g/l sodium chloride and 2 g/l glucose and has pH of 7-7.2. The seed culture liquid and fermentation medium comprise 10 g/l peptone, 5 g/l yeast extract, 10 g/l sodium chloride and 3 g/l glucose and has pH of 7-7.2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Enzyme catalyst is pig pancreatic alpha -amylase, trypsin, or bovine serum protease, preferably trypsin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Alkyl is methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl, aryl is phenyl, and heteroaryl is pyrrodinyl or morphine. Organic solvent is ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, acetone, acetonitrile, or methylene dichloride, preferably ethanol. Molar ratio of benzoyl isothiocyanate, sec.-amine, and butynyl ester is 1:1-2:1-2, preferably 1:1:1, total number of moles of benzoyl isothiocyanate, sec.-amine, and butynyl ester is 2-50 mg/mmol with respect to mass of enzyme, and total mass of enzyme is 0.02-0.5 ml/mg, preferably 0.05-0.15 ml/mg with respect to volume of organic solvent. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is at room temperature to 80 degrees C, preferably 45 degrees C and reaction time is 0.5-10 hours, preferably 5-7 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Gossypol degradation bacterial strain is pear bacteria spore Scopulariopsis (Scopulariopsis sp.), Aspergillus (Aspergillus sp.), mildew bacteria bead (Monilia sp.), yeast mildew bacteria (Monascus sp.), Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis strain ZAU-1), holding mold (Endomycopsis), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum), and Bacillus subtillis (B. subtillis).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Processes: Degrading is performed by mixing cottonseed, water, and gossypol degradation bacterial strain in which mixing ratio cottonseed:water:gossypol degradation bacterial strain is 1:0.4-1:0.06-0.1 and naturally ventilating at 25-32 degrees C with 4-6 pH value for 36-60 hours. Soy sauce brewing is performed by adding part or all processed cottonseed in water, inoculating fermented strain of greater than or equal to 2 starter propagation mixture, and maintaining temperature at 25-32 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The heat-insulating material is asbestos, silica wool, mineral wool, calcium silicate, ceramic, perlite, vermiculite and foamed cement.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The electrode is iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium, tungsten, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and/or metal alloy tube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The activation step is carried out at 400-550 degrees C for 30-60 minutes. Drying temperature is 100-120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral substance is ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, calcium phosphate and sodium chloride. The nutrient salt magnesium sulfate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and manganese sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Compositions: Soluble hemostatic gauze weight is 1 g, 0.8 g, 0.6 g, or 0.4 g. Soluble gauze fiber contains soluble particles with appox. 100 nm particle size. Weight ratio isopropanol:gauze:sodium hydroxide is 2:1:1. Acid-base indicator is 1% phenolphthalein and 1% bromophenol blue.Preferred Parameters: Aspect ratio of soluble hemostatic gauze is 10:7, 8:6, or 3:2.Preferred Conditions: Washing time of gauze with purified water is 1-2 hours. ACTIVITY - Hemostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding 20-30 parts weight superphosphate, 30-40 parts weight calcium carbonate and 40-60 parts weight zeolite powder. The weight ratio of fresh mushroom and fungus residue is 25-35:1. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 58 parts mass bran, 20 parts mass humic acid, 15 parts mass fulvic acid, 20 parts mass humic acid, 40 parts mass molasses, 128 parts mass sugar cane filter mud, 25 parts mass Azotobacter species, 50 parts mass bentonite, 35 parts mass enzymes, and 22 parts mass bacteria. The seed culture medium used in the step (b)(iii) further contains glucose, peptone and minerals. The large culture medium used in the step (b)(iii) further contains sucrose, corn flour, yeast extract, peptone, and nutrients. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quinuclidine compound is of formula (I). The aromatic aldehyde compound is of formual (II). The aromatic amine compound is of formula (III). The ethanol is chosen from acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, ether and toluene. The molar ratio of aromatic aldehyde and aromatic amine is 1:1-2. The mixed solution of cyclohexenone and phosphotungstic acid is 1-10%.R1,R2=H, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, nitro or cyano. Preferred Definitions:    R1=H, methyl, methoxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo, nitro or cyano;and    R2=H, methyl, methoxy, chloro, bromo or nitryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali hydroxides are selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide. The alkali carbonates are selected from potassium carbonate and cesium carbonate. The alkali fluoride is cesium fluoride. The inorganic base is sodium hydroxide or cesium carbonate (in the presence of a drying agent) or cesium fluoride, preferably cesium fluoride. The drying agent is selected from magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method (M2), the proportion of compound (III) is 1-1.5 equivalents with respect to compound (II). Preferred Components: The activating agent is selected from carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), 1,1'-carbonyl-di-(1,2,4-triazol) (CDT) and 1,1'-carbonyl-bis-(2-methylimidazole) (preferably CDI or CDT). The solvent is selected from dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, methyl-tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and/or dichloromethane (preferably tetrahydrofuran or dimethyl sulfoxide, especially dimethylsulfoxide). ACTIVITY - Antiallergic; Antiasthmatic. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - Phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Preparation of 6 compounds are specifically claimed as the compound (IV), e.g. (3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone (IVa); (3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methanone; (3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanone; (3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)(piperidin-1-yl)methanone; and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)benzoate.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The crushed food waste is obtained by passing the food through front end of the distribution unit which is integrally provided with disposer. The treated food is supplied to a drier.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen molybdenum bronze is of formula HxMoO3. The organic liquid hydrogen fuel comprises a cyclic organic compound.x=0.1-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cathode unit comprises a noble metal. The cathode unit comprises platinum, platinum alloy, or carbon-supported platinum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic liquid hydrogen fuel is selected from cyclohexane, N-ethyl-carbazole, and/or liquid unsaturated aromatic heterocyclic molecule or its compound. The organic liquid hydrogen fuel comprises a liquid unsaturated aromatic heterocyclic molecule comprising 1 to 20 aromatic cyclic molecules. The proton exchange membrane is a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane; is a polybenzimidazole proton exchange membrane and has thermal tolerance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydrocracking reaction is performed for the formation of a short chain carbon fraction of 5-12C hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, aromatic esters and alcohols. The method is carried out in a TLS reactor at a temperature of 200-300 degrees C, preferably 275 degrees C, for 60 minutes at a hydrogen gas pressure of 3 psi to produce 12% of biogasoline. Preferred Composition: The content of fatty acid methyl ester as feedstock is 99.4-97%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In step (iv), the fertilizer is obtained by mixing 40-70 wt.% decomposed liquid fertilizer, 20-50 wt.% defecate fermented fertilizer and 20-50 wt.% fibrous fermented fertilizer. The step (i) further comprises (a) crushing domestic animal blood, (b) adding proteinase to the crushed blood, (c) heating by adding the obtained proteinase blood in a heater, (d) cooling the heated blood, (e) filtering the cooled blood, and (f) mixing 100 pts. wt. filtered blood with 100 pts. wt. additives containing minerals, where in the step (b), the added amount of protease is 1-1.5 pts. wt. based on total 100 pts. wt. crushed blood. The additive is prepared by grinding clay and feldspar class mixture into 200-320 meshes, adding acid aqueous solution, stirring to separate a liquid phase mineral, and mixing with amino acid combined with selenium standard solution (1.405 g selenium dioxide dissolved in 1 l water). In step (ii), the moisture content is 30-60% and fermentation period is 1-6 months. In step (iii), the moisture content is 20-50% and fermentation period is 1-6 months. The protease is Protex 7L (RTM: Protease from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) or bromelain. The heating process is carried out at 50-70 degrees C for 10-20 hours. The cooling step is carried out at 15-20 degrees C for 3-5 hours. The filtering step is carried out using a filtering net of 80-120 meshes. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phenol methanol alkylation catalyst is modified oxide. The binder is neutral oxide selected from silicon dioxide, silica sol, diatomite or silicon oxide. The molecular sieve is ZSM-5, MCM-22, and beta molecular sieve. The acid treatment is selected from dilute nitric acid, inorganic acid and organic acid selected from oxalic acid, citric acid and boric acid. The silylation treatment is performed by using silanization reagent including ethyl orthosilicate, siloxane oil, and dimethyl silicon oil. The modified oxide is alkaline earth metal oxides, transition metal oxide and phosphorus oxides. The alkaline earth metal oxide is calcium oxide or barium oxide, the transition metal oxide is ferric oxide or nickel oxide, and the phosphorus oxide is diammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The characteristics of Bacillus subtilis strain JF as follows: is Gram-positive strain; produces colony, which is circular, flat, nontransparent, light yellow, non-reflective, and produces surface wrinkle with irregular edges; is facultative anaerobe, ferments glucose, arabinose, xylose and mannitol, hydrolyzes gelatin and starch, and phenylalanine dehydrogenase and lecithin-lipase in egg yolk agar is negative; and the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence is highly homologous to accession number KF364634, which is obtained by comparing sequence of 16S rDNA with GenBank database sequence by basic local alignment search tool. Preferred Method: The degradation temperature is 30-45 degrees C, preferably 35 degrees C, the pH is 5-8, preferably 7, inoculation size is 5%, liquid volume in conical flask is 30/250 ml, and rotating speed is 180 revolutions/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phthalate compound is dibutyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate and diisononyl phthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the fermentation time is 37 days in summer, and 66 days in winter. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon dioxide and ethane is 66-70 wt.%, preferably 66 wt.% and 30-34 wt.%, preferably 34 wt.%, respectively. The purity of carbon dioxide and ethane is 99.9%, and 99.5%, respectively. The low temperature attained using the refrigerant is -75 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves: reacting butanol and rubber seed oil in a volume ratio of 1:2, preferably 1:3, especially 1:4, with catalyst 1 g CPL in a solution of 0.05 M phosphate buffer with pH 8 to maintain the pH of the CPL which is done through the process of reflux at 50 degrees C with rotation of 1200 revolution per minute (rpm) for 7 hours; inserting the mixture into a separating funnel and allowed to stand for 24 hours to form a two-layer (biodiesel and glycerol); separating layer of glycerol and biodiesel mixed with 50 ml warm distilled water (50 degrees C) for washing biodiesel from catalyst and glycerol remaining; adding 0.1 g anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove the remaining water. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 58 pts. wt. wheat bran, 20 pts. wt. humic acid, 15 pts. wt. nitrohumic acid, 7 pts. wt. fulvic acid, 20 pts. wt. brown humic acid, 40 pts. wt. molasses, 128 pts. wt. sugarcane filtered sludge, 60 pts. wt. smoke powder, 50 pts. wt. maifanite, 25 pts. wt. nitrogen-fixing species, 50 pts. wt. bentonite, and 35 pts. wt. bacterial enzyme. Preferred Composition: The seed culture medium comprises liquid glucose, peptone and minerals. The medium comprises sucrose, corn flour, yeast extract, peptone and nutrients. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Molar ratio of ferric chloride and precursor is greater than or equal to 9:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Heteroatom-containing organic microporous material is formula (III)-(VI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Agent: The deodorizing agent includes purified water, sodium metasilicate, calcium carbonate, potassium citrate, and borax. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The first fermentation step is carried for 10 days. The second fermentation step is carried for 30 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.    ADMINISTRATION - Application of the fertilizer is 2600 kg/acre.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sulfuric acid is used. The catalyst is sodium hydroxide. Preferred Process: Esterification process in situ is performed at an interval of sulfuric acid concentration of 0.5-1.5% (vol./wt.) solids basis, and at temperature of 65 degrees C and at an interval of 2-4 hours, so as to produce a product yield ranged between 45.7 and 65.1% and lower free fatty acid levels of 21.6 to 1.6-8.9%. In situ transesterification process is performed at a concentration interval of 0.5-1.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (wt./wt.), at temperature of 65 degrees C and at an interval of 1-3 hours, so as to produce biodiesel product yield ranged between 54.5 and 96.0% with 4.0 cSt viscosity characteristics, density of 871 kg/m3, 0.4 acid number mg potassium hydroxide (KOH)/g and a saponification number of 191 mg KOH/g. EXAMPLE - No example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The brine water is original brine water drawn from the process of waste brine water desalination or artificial brine water. Preferred Condition: The precursor solution is heated at 65-70 degrees C. Preferred Process: The filtration process is performed using a centrifuge at 2000-2800 rpm. The artificial brine water is obtained by dissolving 83.630 g magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 8.194 g calcium chloride dihydrate, 41.478 g sodium chloride, and 1.4 g potassium chloride in 1 L distilled water by stirring. Preferred Properties: A material obtained by mixing dried hydrotalcite-like compound and potassium fluoride in ratio of 8/10, has d-spacing three highest peak value of 7.48, 3.75 and 2.82 A when hydrotalcite-like compound is manufactured using original brine water, and has d-spacing three highest peak value of 7.35, 3.73 and 2.80 A when hydrotalcite-like compound is manufactured using artificial brine water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The composite probiotics comprise Azotobacter, phosphorus bacteria, potassium bacteria, Lactobacillus and microzyme. The nutrient comprises 97% of corn powder and 3% of sugar, or 97% of wheat bran and 3% of sugar. Preferred Method: The fermentation step is carried out at 27-35 degrees C for 10-15 days. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide; Plant Protectant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - The organic fertilizer is fishbone, peanut bran and soybean bran having a weight ratio of 55-65:37-45:4-8. The microorganism is Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus, and photosynthetic bacteria.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biofertilizer further comprises 1-3 wt.% of boron oxide, magnesium oxide, and zinc oxide in a weight ratio of 28-35:42-54:18-23. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Protectant; Insecticide; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali is inorganic base, which is aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (both are preferred), potassium carbonate solution and/or sodium carbonate solution. The acid is hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises (a) dissolving (IV) in an alcohol solvent and heating to 75-78 degrees C, adding diacid type optically active resolving agent, cooling to 10-20oC and allowing to stand for 10-12 hours to obtain crystals, then filtering, and reacting with an alkali to obtain (III), (b) acylating (III) in presence of zinc chloride catalyst at 60-70oC for 5-6 hours to obtain (II), and (c) dissolving (II) in an organic solvent, reducing with zinc under acidic condition at 20-30 degrees C to obtain (I). Preferred Components: The acid type resolving agent is amino acid, which is N-acetyl- L-glutamic acid (preferred) or L-tartaric acid. The alcohol solvent is 1-4C saturated alcohol, which is ethanol (preferred), methanol and/or isopropanol. The organic solvent is ethyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial inoculum comprises 30-100 parts by weight (pts. wt.) Bacillus cereus, 100-300 pts. wt. Lactobacillus acidophilus, 100-150 pts. wt. Bacillus stearothermophilus, 50-120 pts. wt. Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, 80-150 pts. wt. Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further involves neutralizing a mass left in pressure vessel after step e) using base selected from ammonium hydroxide at pressure of 0.5-1 kg/cm2 for 0.5-1 hour and at 60-80 degrees C. The step of supplying gas is carried out through the operative top of pressure vessel. The step of subjecting vapors to condensation is carried out through the operative bottom of pressure vessel. The proportion of sulfur trioxide gas to agricultural waste produce is 1:50 to 1:100. The proportion of steam to agricultural waste produce is 1:15 to 1:20. The proportion of base to mass is 1:50 to 1:100. The pH of neutralized mass is 6.5-7.5. EXAMPLE - Bagasse (210 kg, with particle size of 2-10 mm2) was charged in pressure vessel, and then 8.2 kg of sulfur trioxide gas was slowly charged from top into vessel to fully impregnate bagasse. The impregnation was followed by slowly injecting steam into vessel to pressurize up to 9.5 kg/cm2. The steam pressure in vessel was maintained for 7.5 hours at 158 degrees C, and then the bottom valve of vessel was opened to allow the passage of vapors containing furfural, acetic acid, acetone, methanol along with steam to heat exchanger system leaving behind mass in vessel. The vapors were then condensed. The condensate so obtained was analyzed and fractionated to recover 22.5 kg of furfural with purity of 99.3%, 11.2 kg of acetic acid with purity of 99.3%, 6.5 kg of acetone with purity of 99.6%, 6.7 kg of methanol with purity of 99.4% and 3.4 kg of ammonia gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The percolate is garbage landfill, landfill percolate recharging processing tail water or landfill penetrating fluid bed processing mineralized water, preferably leachate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The precipitate discharging unit further comprises a water pump for generating hydraulic pressure set on one side of the decomposition bath, an injection nozzle horizontally connected to the water pump and set within the inner bottom of the decomposition bath. The sediment outlet is connected on the other side of the injection nozzle. The water pump is connected with a conveying tube body, which is horizontally installed at the inner bottom part of the decomposition bath for injecting hydraulic pressure. A suction hole intakes the precipitate and discharges through one side of the sediment outlet. A endless drive type conveyor is horizontally provided at the inner bottom portion of the decomposition bath. A driving motor is installed for driving the conveyor. The conveyor is equipped with a scraper, which winds rollers through a endless drive type conveyor belt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The extraction process is carried out at a pressure of 20 MPa. The high speed counter current chromatography separation in step (b) utilizes a solution system comprising chloroform, methanol and water in a ratio of 2-5:2, taking upper phase as stationary phase and lower phase as mobile phase, where the rotation speed is 700-1000 revolutions per minute, and the flow speed is 1-3 ml/minute. Preferred Components: The alumina in the step (b) is basic alumina having a granularity of 120-200 meshes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The mass percentage concentration before adjusting the pH value of taurine solution is 45-48%. The material for adjusting the pH value is sulfur dioxide or sulfurous acid. In the step (i) sulfur dioxide is used to adjust the pH value to 4.5-9, preferably 5.5-6.5. In the step (ii), the mass percentage concentration of sodium isethionate is 48-55%. In the step (ii), introducing ethylene oxide at 70-80 degrees C after adjusting the pH of taurine solution, where the mass ratio of taurine solution and ethylene oxide is 1:1-1:1.2. In the step (iv), adding ammonia in sodium isethionate reaction solution, where the volume percentage of the mixed amine solution is 23-26%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The feed gas is subjected to pre-forming prior to step (a). The catalytic conversion of the methanol synthesis gas in step (b) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst consisting of oxides of copper, zinc and/or aluminum and combined with a solid acid. The catalytic conversion of methanol and dimethyl ether containing effluent to the raw product in step (c) is carried out in the presence of a zeolite catalyst. The part of the tail gas is recycled to the conversion of dimethyl ether to gasoline in step (c). Preferred Components: The feed gas comprises higher hydrocarbons, natural gas, coke oven gas and/or blast furnace gas. The methanol synthesis gas has a molar ratio between hydrogen and carbon monoxide of 1, and a molar ratio between carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide of 1-4. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process Conditions: The acai palm biomass core is produced by collecting considered wastes originated from acai pulp industry and similar commercial establishments. The collected pulp is routed to beginning of milling process to set humidity at 35-45%. The formed pulp is dumped into a hopper feeder having a double screw conveyor in bottom at 700 degrees C. The present moisture is evaporated and eliminated by a centrifugal fan to form dried fibers, which are sucked into rotary dryer cyclone at 90-100 degrees C. The formed core fibers are transferred into cyclone through a rotary valve, where a centrifugal fan is mounted on top of the auger cyclone to suck the biomass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The bacterial microbe is from the Order Lactobacillales; and selected from Lactobacillus casei, Pediococcus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus plantarum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The byproduct feedstocks are obtained from whole stillage. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The precious metal is platinum, palladium (both preferred), rhodium, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, iridium or gold. The precious metal is present in an amount of 0.1-5 wt.%, and the active metals comprise 0.5-20 wt.% of a second metal and 0.5-20 wt.% of a third metal. The active metals comprise 0.5-20 wt.% of cobalt or 0.5-20 wt.% of tin. The support modifier comprises tungsten oxide, and tungsten as a tungstate of cobalt. The support material is silica, alumina, titania, silica/alumina, pyrogenic silica, high purity silica, zirconia, carbon and/or zeolites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is carried out at a temperature of 250-300 degrees C. In the process: the liquid hourly space velocity of the feed stream fed to the reactor is 0.2-0.8/hour; the temperature is at least 250 degrees C, at least 275 degrees C or at least 300 degrees C and the liquid hourly space velocity of the feed stream fed to the reactor is 0.3-1/hour, where the conversion of acetic acid is at least 60%, at least 80% or at least 85%, respectively; and the acetic acid selectivity to ethanol is greater than 60 mole%. Preferred Components: The acetic acid is derived from a carbonaceous material comprising oil, coal, natural gas and biomass. EXAMPLE - Feed stream comprising acetic acid was fed to a Berty reactor in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising 1.06 wt.% platinum, 3.75 wt.% cobalt and 3.25 wt.% tin on a modified silica support comprising 3.75 wt.% cobalt, 3.25 wt.% tin, and 12 wt.% tungsten, at a temperature of 250 degrees C to obtain ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first section comprises an essentially constant inner diameter. The third section comprises an essentially constant inner diameter increases in a downstream direction that is smaller than the smallest inner diameter of the first section. The reactor further comprises a catalyst supply pipe connected to a fluid passage in a side wall of the first section, a fluidizing medium supply and/or an additional hydrocarbon co-feed supply having an outlet in the first section. The catalytic cracking reactor is a fluid catalytic cracking reactor. The catalytic cracking catalyst is a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst. The catalytic cracking reactor is a riser reactor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises supplying an additional hydrocarbon co-feed to the first section, and supplying a fluidizing medium to the first section to fluidize the catalytic cracking catalyst and/or the biomass, where the fluidizing medium flows from the first section in a downstream direction to the third section. Preferred Components: The biomass comprises a pyrolysis oil derived from a biomass material, or a cellulosic or lignocellulosic material. The pyrolysis oil is at least partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oil. The fluidizing medium comprises steam, nitrogen, liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel, kerosene or naphtha.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pyrolysis conditions include a temperature of 300-800 degrees C. The contacting step is carried out at a catalyst-to-carbonaceous biomass feedstock ratio of 0.1-200. Preferred Components: The microporous crystalline zeolitic catalyst: is thermally stable up to a temperature of greater than 600 degrees C; and has a micropore volume as a percentage of total pore volume of less than 60%, and a micropore volume of less than 0.155 ml/g, preferably less than 0.150 ml/g. The microporous crystalline zeolitic catalyst does not exhibits any feature at 200-300 Angstrom on a dV/d log D versus pore diameter plot of differential volume of nitrogen adsorbed as a function of pore diameter. The microporous crystalline zeolitic catalyst exhibits an adsorption feature occurring at greater than 450 Angstrom on a dV/d log D versus pore diameter plot of differential volume of nitrogen adsorbed as a function of pore diameter. The differential volume of nitrogen adsorbed by the microporous crystalline zeolitic catalyst at a pore diameter of 475 Angstrom is greater than 0.1 ml nitrogen/g Angstrom on a dV/d log D versus pore diameter plot of differential volume of nitrogen adsorbed as a function of pore diameter. The hydrocarbons produced include aromatic compounds and the selectivity to aromatic compounds within the condensable portion of the pyrolysis gases is greater than 33 wt.%, preferably greater than 50 wt.%, where yield of aromatic compounds is greater than 3 wt.%. The catalyst is in a fluidized state. The microporous crystalline zeolitic catalyst comprises the heat transfer medium for a fast pyrolysis process. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The battery of the photoelectric elements and the system of water electrolysis and for pumping the hydrogen obtained in it is directly connected to the accumulator by a device that prevents both an excessive charging and an excessive discharging of the accumulator. The system of water electrolysis and for pumping the hydrogen obtained in it comprises an electrolyzer (8) and a compressor (13) for pumping the hydrogen from the electrolyzer into the hydrogen container. The electrolyzer is equipped with a pressure relay, whose output is connected to the compressor for pumping the hydrogen. The electrolyzer is equipped with a compensation container. The electrolyzer is equipped with a mantel that is connected to a water cooling system of the motor. The motor vehicle is additionally equipped with a container for oxygen and a compressor for circulating the oxygen from the electrolyzer into the oxygen container; and a system for supplying the oxygen from the oxygen container to the motor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cellulosic material is a fibrous material. The amino compound is one of ammonia (preferred), alkyl amines, or alkanolamines. The composition contacted with the material in step (b) comprises or is derived from the exhaust gas of a combustion system. EXAMPLE - 60 ml of TENCEL (RTM: Pine fibers) were placed in a vessel and 2 parts by mass of ethanolamine was added. The vessel was placed in a water bath comprising a known volume of water. Carbon dioxide was passed through the vessel and the increase in temperature of the water was measured. This equated to the release of 15 kJ of energy, thus capturing of carbon dioxide was taken place.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antiviral agent is salicylic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and/or citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred composition: The film-forming water-soluble carrier is methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and/or hydroxycellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol in alcohol solution is methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol. The pH is regulated using inorganic acid chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The beneficial microorganism is Bacillus subtilis, silicate bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, filamentous fungi or yeast strain. The trace element is 0.5 kg of nitrogen, 0.9 kg of phosphorus, 1.3 kg of potassium, 0.025 kg of copper, 0.05 kg of boron, 0.05 kg of calcium, 0.35 kg of magnesium, 0.05 of sulfur, 0.08 kg of manganese, 0.075 kg of zinc, 0.08 of iron or 0.04 kg of chlorine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer composition comprises (in wt.%): wheat bran (2), pig manure (3), husk (17) sugarcane filtered product (5), orange flower water (46), tobacco powder (2), maifanite (12), inoculant bacteria (6), Rehmannia rhizome (1.5), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium strain (1.5) and bentonite (4). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Citrate is selected from sodium citrate or ammonium citrate, and silicate selected from sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate, sodium silicate or potassium silicate. Amino acid solution comprises small molecules of protein (15-25%). Water content of chicken feather is less than 15% of dry chicken feather and water content of earthworm is less than 15% of dry earthworm. Preferred Process: Amino acid solution is prepared by mixing (in pts.wt.): water (100), earthworm (10-80), chicken feather (10-80), 98% of sulfuric acid (2-30), 85% of sulfuric acid (2-30), phosphoric acid, sodium sulfide (0.01-10) and calcium hydroxide (0.1-50). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer comprises (in pts.wt.): chicken manure (35-45), dairy manure (20-30), pig manure (15-25), straw powder (10-15), rice (5-10), quicklime (1-3), cotton seed hull (0.5-2) and water content (60-70%). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: Sunflower disk debris is prepared by removing debris of sunflower seed, drying debris and then crushing dried product into particles. Sunflower stem debris is prepared by drying stem debris and then crushing dried debris into particles of diameter 3-4mm. Sunflower hulls is prepared by drying sunflower seed shell and then crushing dried product into particles of diameter 3-4mm. Wheat bran is obtained by separating wheat bran layer from wheat flour. Preferred Conditions: Fermentation is carried out at room temperature controlled at 23-25 degrees C with relative air humidity of 60-70% for 22-24 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Biogas slurry (48.2 %) is stirred in a reaction vessel. Humic acid is added to the obtained biogas liquid, and mixed by stirring until the flocculating substance is obtained. The obtained product is kept for 12 hours. Bottom valve of the vessel is opened in order to discharge flocculate containing liquid, where discharge liquid is clear light yellow. Heating temperature of biogas slurry is 70-75 degrees C. Organic and inorganic materials are added and stirred uniformly for 2-5 hours, and then hydrochloric acid is added to the obtained material to reach the pH value of the material to 8 plus minus 0.1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Organic material comprises amino acid (4.2 %), sodium alginate (8.3 %) and potassium humate (16.7 %). Inorganic material comprises urea (8.3 %), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (4.2 %), potassium nitrate (4.2 %), calcium nitrate (1.7 %), zinc nitrate (1.3 %), copper sulfate (2.1 %) and Borax (RTM: Sodium tetraborate) (0.8 %). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is 0.01 % and polysorbate-80 is 0.0025 %. Activated carbon is coconut shell activated carbon. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - FOOD - Preferred Components: The food processing leftover is bakery leftover, meat product processing leftover material, fruit processing leftover material, and/or aquatic product processing leftover.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dry matter is pine needle powder, filbert leaf powder, corn straw pole powder, clover powder, oyster powder, shrimp skin powder, crab shell powder, soybean meal, and/or wheat bran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The filtering step is carried using rough screen having aperture of 30 mm and fine screen having hole diameter of 10 mm. The floating island is planted with feather planting area and lake.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The nitrogen source for summer early rice period is urea or pig manure, and for winter late rice period is completely decomposed manure. In step (c), for summer early rice period, mixture of straw composting agent and urea or manure is spread on the field after plowing for 1-2 days, where for late rice period the decomposed manure is spread completely after plowing for 3-5 days. In step (c), the rice is harvested in summer, and the field is plowed until the next transplantation process and the field capacity is maintained at 100%. `
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The step (a), further involves cleaning solid waste by excrement process. Preferred Component: The auxiliary materials comprise mushroom residue and bran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The lower edge of the composting tank is provided with a plastic shutter and the collection tank is connected with exhaust tube. Preferred Method: In step (d), the collected waste gas is passed through the dust remover, trickling filter and biological filter tank along the exhaust tube, where the dust and odor is removed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 35-38 pts. wt. kitchen organic waste, 22-23 pts. wt. peat, 18-22 pts. wt. livestock manure, 15-17 pts. wt. straw, 1 pts. wt. potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 pts. wt. zeolite powder, 1 pts. wt. lime, 4 pts. wt. boric acid sludge, 1 pts. wt. gypsum, 8-9 pts. wt. B.licheniformis spore powder and B.subtilis spore powder, and 50-60 pts. wt. water. Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the B.licheniformis spore powder and B.subtilis spore powder is 1:1. The livestock manure comprises excrement of chicken, duck, pig, cow or sheep, wherein the livestock excrement is dehydrated excrement of the livestock. The liquid culture medium comprises 0.46 g corn steep liquor, 1.5 g peptone, 1.5 g glucose, and 1 l bean cake powder dipping juice, where pH of the liquid culture medium is 7.5. The bean cake powder dipping juice includes mixture of bean cake powder and water in a ratio of 1:15. Preferred Method: The step (e) involves drying the fermented product at till the water content of the fermented product is 18-28%. The total viable count of active B.licheniformis and B.subtilis spores in the dried spore powder of the step (f) is 0.5 hundred million/g and each viable number of bacteria in the dried spore powder of the step (f) is more than 0.2 hundred million/g. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Herbicide; Pesticide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer contains 3-8 pts. wt. bamboo charcoal powder and 0.2-0.4 pts. wt. biological strain. The fertilizer further contains caking agent including attapulgite and starch. The soybean is processed by piling and fermenting the soybean with lactic acid bacteria. The organic yeast material is derived from rice bran and yeast fermentation of waste. The viable count of biological strain in the fertilizer is more than 0.2 hundred million/g, and the content of organic matter including bamboo charcoal in the fertilizer is more than 40%. Preferred Method: The step (a) involves crushing the bamboo to a fineness of 80-100 meshes, and drying the bamboo till the water content of the bamboo charcoal is less than or equal to 9%. The step (b) involves crushing the bamboo to a fineness of 80-100 meshes, and drying the bamboo till the water content of the bamboo powder is less than or equal to 6%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The biological strain includes Bacillus subtilis, B.megaterium, and effective microorganisms (EM). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkalescence agent is calcium oxide or white lime. The composite fertilizer contains boron, and zinc microbial fertilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic fertilizer in organic material is more than 30%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: Membrane separation technology is used to obtain 4-androstene-3,17-dione containing solution. After fermentation, the fermented liquid is filtered to obtain solid, then a small number of inorganic salt is added. Oil phase is added to the obtained material and stirred, then the obtained liquid is filtered by membrane filtration and concentrated, and then carbon is added to the liquid and refluxed for 10-20 minutes. The liquid is filtered and rotationally evaporated to obtain 4-androstene-3,17-dione of more than 99% purity. Preferred Components: Fermentation strain (8-17%) is Mycobacterium DE6823 strain, the strain preservation number is CGMCC NO.6419. Liquid phase is selected from water phase or oil phase. Oil phase is selected from rice bran oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil or peanut oil. Organic solvent is selected from alkyl alcohol or ketone, preferably ethanol, methanol, isobutyl alcohol or acetone. Inorganic salt is selected from sodium chloride, potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate. Preferred Composition: Formulation comprises (in wt.%): Corn starch (4-17 g/L), ammonium nitrate (0.1-0.4 g/L), potassium hydrogen phosphite (0.1-0.2 g/L), aviation kerosene (0.1-0.5 g/L), de-foaming agent (0.002-0.009 g/L), oil phase (14-26 g/L), plant sterol (15-22 g/L) and balanced amount of water. The reaction temperature is 30-32 degrees C and stirring speed is 130-300 revolutions per minute and pH value is maintained at 8.2-8.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 72 wt.% humic acid, 2 wt.% EM bacteria, 10 wt.% nitrogen fertilizer, 8 wt.% phosphate fertilizer and 8 wt.% potash fertilizer. Preferred Components: The humic acid is Shanxi Huozhou humic acid. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea. The phosphate fertilizer is monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate. The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises 5-8 pts. wt. or 8-10 pts. wt. sawdust, 10-15 pts. wt. or 15-20 pts. wt. dairy manure, 5-8 pts. wt. or 8-10 pts. wt. chicken manure, 3-4 pts. wt. or 4-5 pts. wt. straw powder, 3-4 pts. wt. or 4-5 pts. wt. corn powder, 3-4 pts. wt. or 4-5 pts. wt. perlite, 3-4 pts. wt. or 4-5 pts. wt. vermiculite, 5-7 pts. wt. or 6-8 pts. wt. plant ash, 5-7 pts. wt. or 6-8 pts. wt. broom cypress fruit, 6-8 pts. wt. or 8-10 pts. wt. pine needle, 8-10 pts. wt. or 10-12 pts. wt. thunder god vine, 5-7 pts. wt. or 6-8 pts. wt. radix stemonae, 1-1.5 pts. wt. or 1.5-2 pts. wt. sodium alginate, 0.5-0.8 pts. wt. or 0.8-1 pts. wt. potassium humate, 0.5-0.8 pts. wt. or 0.8-1 pts. wt. sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1-1.5 pts. wt. or 1.5-2 pts. wt. sodium carboxymethyl starch, 20-25 pts. wt. or 25-30 pts. wt. 15 %mass aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and 30-40 pts. wt. or 40-50 pts. wt. soil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The auxiliary material is sugar or dextrin, where the weight ratio of sugar and dextrin is 4:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of auxiliary material and traditional Chinese medicinal extract is 1.2-2:1. Preferred Method: The method involves granulating the mixture using 50-90% ethanol. ACTIVITY - Virucide; Immunostimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Iron-noble metal nanoparticle size is 10-30 nm. Noble metal is gold, silver or palladium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Diameters of polyacrylic acid microgel and microsphere are 100-300 nm and 50-400 nm, respectively. Membrane pore size is 25-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Volume ratio sludge mixture is 2.8-3.2:1 in which MLSS sludge concentration in inoculating reaction vessel is 1200-1800 mg/L with time of 25-35 days. Concentration of compound of formula (NH4 +-N) is 30 mg/L and concentration of compound of formula (NO2--N) is 40 mg/L. Preferred Processes: Denitrification of fermented sludge involves subjecting sludge into sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and performing hydrolysis acidification to obtain short-chain fatty acid with organic carbon source to enhance denitrification process in which concentration of compound of formula (NOx--N) fed into reactor is 35-40 mg/L, subjecting sludge to denitrification process in which compound of formula (NO3--N) became compound of formula (NO2--N).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: Carrier main body outer diameter is 20-80 mm. Cylindrical wire cross section diameter is 2-8 mm. Burr height is greater than or equal to 4 mm. Net hole size is 4-10 mmx 4-10 mm. Microorganism carrier specific surface area range control is 20-300 m2/m3. Preferred Component: Cylindrical wire is polyethylene (PE) containing activated carbon. Preferred Form: Microorganism carrier is diamond-shaped.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: Preparation of organic fertilizer comprises mixing raw materials, placing in fermentation tank, adding bacteria, heat to 40 degrees C, mixing, turning heap, fermenting, monitoring moisture content, crushing and packaging. Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer comprises 25 wt.% food residue, 35 wt.% western medicine residue and 40 wt.% traditional Chinese medicine residue and 8 kg bacteria per 10 ton raw material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Components: Traditional Chinese medicine residue includes Rehmannia, Asclerol oral liquid and radix isatidis. Western medicine includes micronomicin sulfate enzyme, vitamin C and terramycin medicine residue. Food residue includes butter salt, beer and bean products residue. The fermenting bacteria are manure fungi, bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeast and multi-strain enzyme. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Bacteria: The colonies of the Thaurea sp. are white colored, and has round and regular edges, smooth and wet surface and length up to 2.5-3.6 mu m. The Thaurea sp. is Gram-negative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The MSM culture medium comprises 0.76 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3.06 g disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate , 0.05 g calcium chloride, 0.2 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 10 ml trace elements solution YK-1 and 1000 ml distilled water. The trace elements solution YK-1 comprises 0.2 g/l iron(ii) sulfate heptahydrate, 0.5 g/l EDTA, 0.001 g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.003 g manganese chloride tetrahydrate, 0.03 g boric acid, 0.02 g cobalt chloride hetahydrate, 0.001 g copper(ii) chloride dihydrate, 0.002 g nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.003 g sodium molybdate dihydrate and 1000 ml distilled water. Preferred Process: The Thaurea sp. is prepared as seed solution and at a concentration of not greater than 400 mg/l is added to triethylamine containing wastewater. The wastewater treatment is performed at pH of 7-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Medium: The fermentation culture medium is prepared by mixing 20 g soluble starch, 2 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 g dipotassium phosphate, 0.2 g disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g sodium chloride, 0.5 g yeast extract, 0.5 g magnesium sulfate, and 1000 ml distilled water and sterilizing the medium at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes. Preferred Method: The method involves adding the 0.5-3.5 ml microbial flocculating agent and 2-9 ml calcium chloride to 100 ml slaughtered waste, and adjusting the pH value to 6-12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether and toluene, preferably tetrahydrofuran. The Lewis acid is lithium chloride or zinc chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: Microbial inoculum comprises auxiliary material, which is prepared by mixing calcium carbonate and straw in molar ratio of (8-9:1-2). Culture medium for culturing bacterial strains comprises pCSL plasmid, water as a solvent, peptone (5 g/l), yeast extract (1g /l), sodium chloride (5g/l), carbonate (3g/l), and rice paper (10g/l). Another culture medium for culturing bacterial strains comprises PCS2 plasmid, water as a solvent, corn protein (5g/l), yeast extract (1g/l), sodium chloride (5g /l), calcium carbonate (1g/l), and rice paper (10g/l). Preferred Components: Clostridium thermocellum (ACCC00165), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ACCC10253), Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis (CGMCC 1.10867), Brevibacillus agri (CGMCC 1.3103), and Bacillus licheniformis (CGMCC 1.813). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Wastewater is subjected to flotation or biological treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Wastewater is treated by equilibriating reactor anode with - 0.5 V potential with 550 ml mixture of nutrient solution and wastewater in which volume ratio wastewater:nutrient solution is 3:1, treating 550 ml nutrient-wastewater mixture with denitrifying bacterial mixture in which ratio nutrient-wastewater mixture:denitrifying bacteria is 3:1 and cathode potential is - 0.24 V, supplying 25 vol.% water, and sterilizing at high temperature. Preferred Compositions: Nutrient solution contains 0.13 mg/L potassium chloride (KCl), 0.31 mg/L ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), 2.7 mg/L sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), 11.55 mg/L sodium biphosphate (Na2HPO4), 1 mg/L sodium acetate, 1 ml/ml trace elements, and 1 ml/ml vitamin solution. Denitrifying mixture comprises 1 mg/L potassium nitrate (KNO3), 0.5 mg/L sodium chloride (NaCl), 2 mg/L sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), 4.4 mg/L potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), 3.4 mg/L potassium biphosphate (K2HPO4), 0.2 mg/L magnesium sulfate and 0.015 mg/L calcium chloride (CaCl2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The vegetable compost is prepared by crushing the raw materials after adjusting the carbon and nitrogen content and water content to 55-60%, and inoculating greater than or equal to 2x 109 colony forming unit/g viable bacteria and fermenting to obtain the product. The fertilizer is prepared by mixing vegetable compost, seaweed powder, stone powder and chicken manure in a volume ratio of 3:4:3. The method involves mixing crushed seaweed and chicken manure, adding water and stirring uniformly to obtain paste, and adding 0.1 %mass anaerobic species, stirring uniformly, and heating the mixture at 28 degrees C and fermenting the mixture. Preferred Components: The grain diameter of stone powder is 1-2 mm. The seaweed powder and chicken manure weight is 1/8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Composition: The pharmaceutical composition comprises 5-8 pts. wt. or 8-10 pts. wt. wormwood, 2-3 pts. wt. or 3-4 pts. wt. Astragalus polysaccharides, 2-3 pts. wt. or 3-4 pts. wt. cinnamic aldehyde, 2-3 pts. wt. or 3-4 pts. wt. multi-fertilizer, 4-5 pts. wt. or 5-6 pts. wt. virgate wormwood herb, 6-7 pts. wt. or 7-8 pts. wt. fortune Eupatorium herb, and 3-4 pts. wt. or 4-5 pts. wt. 40% propiconazole emulsion in water. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 96 pts. wt. wheat straw powder, 48 pts. wt. broad bean straw powder, 9 pts. wt. root stimulating agent, 40 pts. wt. pig manure, 15 pts. wt. potassium humate, 8 pts. wt. urea, 75 pts. wt. soybean straw powder, 2 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 30 pts. wt. calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20 pts. wt. sweet potato powder, 7 pts. wt. Lotus root starch, 6 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 3 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, 2 pts. wt. borax, 25 pts. wt. peanut shell powder, 2 pts. wt. copper sulfate, Chinese medicinal herb components and 8 pts. wt. microorganism strain. The Chinese medicinal herb components comprise 5 pts. wt. masson pine, 12 pts. wt. M.azedarach, 20 pts. wt. garlic, 16 pts. wt. pumpkin seed, 6 pts. wt. Chinese tallow tree leaf, 10 pts. wt. odorata, 10 pts. wt. Eupatorium, 10 pts. wt. silver glue, 10 pts. wt. radix sophorae flavescentis, 15 pts. wt. Chinese gall, 1 pts. wt. Euphorbia herb, 20 pts. wt. H.cordata, and 18 pts. wt. folium artemisiae argyi. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The decomposing agent comprises cellulolytic enzyme and/or ligninase in weight ratio of 1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of biomass oil, decomposing agent, isooctyl nitrate, petroleum benzene, stabilizer and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether is 35-50 pts. wt., 10-15 pts. wt., 8-15 pts. wt., 5-10 pts. wt., 2.5-5 pts. wt., and 2.5-5 pts. wt., respectively. The stabilizer comprises free cresol, T501-type stabilizer and/or SL-90-type polymerization inhibitor in the weight ratio of 5:2:1. The oil-saving agent is added into diesel oil. The content of oil-saving agent is 0.1-0.2 wt.% with respect o diesel oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method:The fermentation is performed for 5 days. The enzyme preparation method further involves centrifuging the fermented mixture, and purifying the supernatant using 0.22 mu m filter. The potato tuber pulp is prepared by washing raw potato tubers, adding alpha -amylase and iodine to the cut potatoes, reacting at 80-90 degrees C, cooling to room temperature, and sterilizing at 115 degrees C for 20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentration of the hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution is 1-2 mol/l. The method involves sterilizing the culture medium at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The microorganisms induce metabolism of organic material and decomposition of contaminants.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The Penicillium echinulatum strain is Penicillium echinulatum DSM 18942 strain or Penicillium echinulatum S1M29 strain. The inoculum is saline inoculum that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, oxygen and micro-elements such as manganese, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum, nickel, copper and boron, polysorbate 80, polypropylene glycol, peptone, alpha -microcrystalline cellulose and defoamer. The defoamer comprises glucose, sucrose, glycerol or their combination. The inoculum is prepared at 28-30 degrees C for 24-48 hours, where the ratio of amount of spore suspension and volume of inoculum medium in the tank is 0.05-0.10. A supplemental material is also added in the culture medium, where the supplemental material contains soybean meal or pectin or pectin-rich industrial wastes such as waste in the production of orange juice and apple. pH of the medium is maintained by adding 2M or 4M ammonium hydroxide and ammonia in gaseous state. The content of the bioreactor is transferred to a hydrolysis reactor or a holding tank. The holding tank contains a filter aid with diatomaceous earth or other filter and enzyme. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: The manufacture of 4-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclopentene-1-one derivative is carried out at high temperature heating at 150-300 degrees C for 10-300 minutes and pressurizing without evaporating 2-deoxy-aldohexose aqueous solution. Preferred Composition: The 2-deoxy-aldohexose is 2-deoxy-D-glucose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding an enzyme that has cellulase enhancing activity; and adding a cellulase or cellulases. The formed sugars are converted into ethanol. The cellulolytic material or lignin is pretreated. Preferred Components: The enzyme is a cellulose (preferably an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase). The polypeptide is obtainable from Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. WIDER DISCLOSURE - Also disclosed are new cell wall deconstruction enzyme.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is a high silica medium pore zeolite H-ZSM-12.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reaction is carried out at less than 190 degrees C, preferably 150 degrees C in an alcohol flow rate of more than 0.1 ml/minute under a pressure of less than 8 MPa. Preferred Composition: The zeolite catalyst has bronsted acid sites of 58-71 mu mol/g and lewis acid sites of 31-62 mu mol/g at 250 degrees C. Preferred Property: The size of zeolite crystals is 1-2.5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity is produced by cultivating the recombinant host cell, or transgenic plant or plant cell under conditions conducive for production of the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide. Preferred Polypeptide: The GH61 polypeptide exhibits at least 96%, preferably at least 97%, more preferably at least 98%, most preferably at least 99% sequence identity to amino acids 20-334 of SEQ ID NO: 4. The GH61 polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 4 or amino acids 20-334 of SEQ ID NO: 4, or its fragment having cellulolytic enhancing activity. The GH61 polypeptide is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising or consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3 or nucleotides 58-1250 of SEQ ID NO: 3, or its cDNA sequence. The GH61 polypeptide is encoded by the polynucleotide contained in pSMai217 which is contained in Escherichia coli (NRRL B-50302). Preferred Method: The method (M1) further involves recovering the degraded cellulosic material. The steps (a) and (b) are performed simultaneously in method (M2). The fermenting of the cellulosic material produces a fermentation product. The method (M3) further involves recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The catalytically-activated layer of the gas- diffusion cathode is a hydrophilic layer suitable for the percolation of the electrolyte film. The gas-diffusion cathode further comprises an external hydrophobic layer suitable for facilitating the release of hydrogen to the cathodic gas chamber. The ion-exchange membrane is a non-reinforced monolayer sulfonic membrane. The gas-diffusion cathode and the cathodic wall are put in electrical contact by a current collector consisting of a porous metal structure, optionally a nickel or steel foam. Anode suitable for oxygen evolution and the anodic wall are put in electrical contact by a current collector consisting of a porous metal structure, optionally a nickel or steel foam or mat. The anode suitable for oxygen evolution consists of a substrate made of a nickel or steel mesh or expanded or punched sheet, optionally activated with a catalytic coating, in direct contact with the membrane. Preferred Composition: The electrolyte consists of an aqueous solution of caustic soda at 10 to 45% by weight concentration.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The renewable feedstock comprises at least one of light hydrocarbon, 1-5C light gases, or 6-20C hydrocarbons. The sequesterable carbon is greater than 50% fixed carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The alkaline oxygenate mixture is produced from biomass or a biomass derived stream. The electrolysis occurs with either an alternating voltage or current (preferred) or a direct voltage or current. The electrolysis occurs at greater than 100 degrees C, preferably greater than 150 degrees C. The electrolysis occurs at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure or greater than 200 psig. The electrolysis occurs at an applied voltage less than 1.23 volts. The electrolysis occurs in a continuous manner. The alkaline oxygenate mixture is alkalinized and electrolyzed continuously. Preferred Components: The alkaline oxygenate mixture contains 1-80 wt.%, preferably 5-40 wt.% oxygenate. The alkaline oxygenate mixture contains 1-35 wt.%, preferably 20-30 wt.% of an alkaline electrolyte. The current density of the electrolysis is 15-400 mA/cm2, preferably 50-350 mA/cm2. The anode or cathode comprises a conductive metal or a conductive metal alloy of a group 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 metal or comprising platinum, palladium, gold and/or nickel. The anode or cathode is supported on a carbon-based material. The current density of the electrolysis is greater than 15 mA/cm2 at below 100 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The mesoporous iridium oxide is baked at 530 degrees C or less. The calcination temperature is maintained at 350-530 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carboxylic acid is preferably oxalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: During solubilization process, cellulose is decomposed by calcium-hydroxide aqueous solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzyme component comprises Trichoderma reesei. The reaction vessel contains the combination of the lignocellulosic feedstock, the water, and the enzyme component at a pH of 5.2-6.2. Preferred Method: The method involves: adding the lignosulfonate to the reaction vessel. The method (M1) and (M2) further involves: pretreating the lignocellulosic feedstock in a pretreatment vessel containing an aqueous solution of sulfite or bisulfite at a pH of 1-5; fermenting the saccharified lignocellulosic feedstock in a fermentation vessel containing a yeast. In the method (M2), the reacting occurs at a pH of 5.5-6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The system (s1) further comprises lignosulfonate comprising a component selected from hardwood, softwood, or non-wood lignin. The system (s1) and (s2) further comprises pretreatment vessel for pretreating the lignocellulosic feedstock, where the pretreatment vessel contains an aqueous solution of sulfite or bisulfite at a pH of 1-5; fermentation vessel containing a yeast for fermenting the saccharified lignocellulosic feedstock. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The present amount of water added to the powder is 100-500 pts. wt. The composition is prepared by further adding mulberry fruit powder, plant nutrients, and agrochemicals. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fungicide; Virucide; Fertilizer.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The measured parameters are provided for controlling the metering devices, the component of process, or fermentation parameters, e.g. conductivity, oxygen content, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, pH value and moisture level. The soil-improving fertilizers are obtained with the main nutrient elements, e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and/or magnesium, and trace elements, e.g. sodium, molybdenum, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, boron, silicon and other trace elements from the processed household waste water and the additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Cellulose-decomposing bacteria is Aeromonas spp. fiber (Cellulomonas), Vibrio fiber (Cellvibrio), and/or macrophage cell species (Cytophaga). Yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additive is soybean, inorganic salt, and/or trace elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acidic dipping solution is zinc chloride (ZnCl2), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), or sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aqueous solution. Preferred Parameters: Acidic dipping solution pH is 2-4. Preferred Conditions: Dipping time is 8 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Raw material straw is crop straw, wooden chips, branches, leaves, sawdust, municipal garbage containing carbon element, and carbonizable organic matter. Preferred Processes: Low temperature carbonization is performed by heating to 300-400 degrees C in rotatable furnace until all material turned to black. Graphitizing under is performed by heating at 1000 degrees C under reduced pressure to transform hard crystalline carbon to soft amorphous carbon, and removing sulfur. Ultrafining is performed in the presence of water by ball milling in colloid mill and homogenizing in high pressure homogenizer to obtain particles with less than or equal to 1 mu m diameter. Dispersing is performed by dispersing carbon microparticles in aqueous alcohol solution to product with carbon content of 50-80% in which alcohol is methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or heteroaryl oleyl alcohol. Stabilizing is performed by homogenizing and adding additives such as dispersing agent i.e. butyl naphthalene sulfonate, lignin salt, Tween (RTM: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters), Span (RTM: Sorbitan fatty acid ester), fatty acid calcium, and stabilizing agent i.e. gum arabic carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), reducing glue, or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in which amount of additive is 1% of total amount of obtained finished product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The anaerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 35-50 degrees C for 20-25 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The desulfurizing agent is a ferric salt including oxalic acid, ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferrous nitrate, ferrous carbonate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, and/or ferric citrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A hydrogen sulfide and/or ammonia are used for inhibiting effect of anaerobic bioreactor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The medicine comprises 40-60 wt.%, 10-30 wt.% or 15-20 wt.% nucleotide salt and 30-70 wt.%, 10-30 wt.% or 15-20 wt.% trace element. The trace elements comprise zinc, manganese, magnesium, iron, and boron in a weight ratio of 2:2:2:1:2. The method further involves mixing 40-80 wt.%, preferably 40-70 wt.% filling agent, starch, dextrin, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, magnesium stearate, calcium sulfate, nucleotide salt and trace element, preferably magnesium sulfate, crushing the mixture, adding microelement to the crushed mixture, and uniformly stirring the mixture. The filling agent is corn, starch or dextrin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Nitrogen gas is introduced into the anaerobic fermentation apparatus during anaerobic fermentation process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the microalgae is cultured at 30 degrees C to a concentration of 5x 107 cfu/ml. In the step (ii), inoculating 30% (vol./vol.) cultured microalgae, placing in an incubator under light, incubating at 30 degrees C with a pH of 8, illumination period of 12 hours, illumination intensity of 4000 lux, aeration rate of 0.1 VVm and culturing for 100 hours under light. In the step (iii), inoculating 30% (vol./vol.) oil-producing microalgae into 50% BG culture medium-containing brewery wastewater, placing in a dark incubator, culturing at 30 degrees C with a pH of 8 under aeration rate of 0.1 VVm for 56 hours under dark. In the step (iv), filtering via filter membrane having a pore size of 1.5 mu m at 25 degrees C with a pressure of 0.05 MPa and pH of 6, and collecting oil-producing microalgae by filtration. Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the concentration of BG culture medium in brewery wastewater is 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The sewage treatment comprises adding Gemmobacter aquaticus strain ZYEM-P1 into sewage placed in a sewage treatment device, allowing the proliferation of the bacteria, and performing decomposition reaction at 15-40 degrees C for 6-12 hours. The oil-containing sewage treatment comprises adding Gemmobacter aquaticus strain ZYEM-P1 into sewage placed in the sewage treatment device, allowing the proliferation of the bacteria, and performing decomposition reaction at 15-40 degrees C for 6-24 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The slant culture medium comprises 20 g/l glucose, 20 g/l peptone, 10 g/l yeast extract and 15-20 g/l agar. The bacterial suspension contains bacterial cells 107-108 cells. The seed liquid medium comprises 60-100 g/l glucose, 5-8 g/l yeast extract and 0.5-1 g/l urea. The fermentation culture medium comprises 60-120 g/l waste oil, 60-180 g/l molasses and 3-5 g/l yeast extract. Preferred Method: In the step (c), the seed liquid as inoculum is added to the fermentation culture medium in a volume ratio of 3-5. The fermentation is performed for 72-120 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is performed by drying rape straw at 45-65 degrees C for 3-7 days, cutting the dried straw length to 0.5-10 cm and crushing to 20-40 mesh sieve. The step (b) is performed by subjecting to cobalt (60C) gamma -ray irradiation at room temperature under natural conditions. The exposure dose 200-1000 kGy, and cobalt source radiation intensity is 9.99x 1015 Bq, at a rate of 2 kGy/hour. The step (c) is performed by mixing straw powder and sulfuric acid in ratio of 1:10-1:20, stirring uniformly, and treating the mixture at 60-100 degrees C for 1-5 hours, cooling, filtering, and washing the residue, and drying at 45-65 degrees C. The step (d) is performed by mixing residue and citric acid, sodium citrate buffer solution in a ratio of 1:20-1:30, where the pH of the solution is 4.5-5, and adding 200-250 U/g cellulase, and enzymolyzing at 50-55 degrees C for 96 hours, and shaking at a speed of 140-150 rotations per minute and filtering to obtain the product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer is obtained by fermentation of livestock manure comprising manure pit fertilizer and crude organic fertilizer. The modifying agent is prepared by heating yellow humic acid, citric acid and ferrous ammonium sulfate in water (20-45 parts) at 40-100 degrees C for 10-20 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Activated sludge is added during biogas generation process. The desulfurizing agent is chosen from iron salt, ferrous oxalate, ferrous chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferrous nitrate, ferrous carbonate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate and ferric citrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The viscosifying agent includes polyols and its copolymers, polyethers and its copolymers, copolymers of ethylene oxide, partially or completely hydrolized polyacrylamides and its copolymers, polymers or copolymers including monomeric units of acrylic resins, methacrylic, acrylamides, acrylonitrile, N-Vinylpyridines, N vinylpyrrolidinone, and N-vinylimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The polymer-supported acidic ionic liquid catalyst is obtained by dissolving polystyrene-b-polyvinyl pyrrolidone block copolymer in toluene, adding 1,4-dibromostyrene-butadiene, refluxing, reacting for 48 hours, adding propane sultone, refluxing for 48 hours, adding petroleum ether, precipitating, filtering, vacuum-drying, dispersing product in methylene dichloride, dripping trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, refluxing and reacting for 24 hours, precipitating, filtering, and vacuum-drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The 4-7C alcohol comprises 25 pts. wt. isobutanol, 18 pts. wt. isopropanol, 12 pts. wt. cyclohexanol, and 10 pts. wt. cyclopentanol. The ether comprises 45 pts. wt. butyl ether and 25 pts. wt. ethyl ether. The cetane number improver comprises 20-30 pts. wt. isooctyl nitrate and 10-15 pts. wt. isosorbide mononitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The high molecular polymer comprises 15 pts. wt. ethylene-ethyl acetate copolymer, 18 pts. wt. ethylene acrylate copolymer, and 26 pts. wt. ethyl acetate-ethyl propionate. The high molecular polymer hydrophilic hydrophobic balance value of 3-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The modified tree ashes is prepared by mixing 3-5 pts. wt. urea, 2-3 pts. wt. fish bones, 0.1-0.2 pts. wt. cobalt(II) chloride, 0.015-0.025 pts. wt. sodium selenite, 2-4 pts. wt. Paulownia sawdust, 1-2 pts. wt. Camellia oleifera, 4-6 pts. wt. magnesium aluminum phyllosilicate, 3-5 pts. wt. sodium silicate and 2-3 pts. wt. wintergreen, adding water, dispersing for 10-20 minutes at 2000-3000 revolutions/minute speed, drying, crushing, and sieving.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The petroleum ether and crude product has 3:1 weight ratio. The alkaline solution and extracted organic phase has 0.1-0.5:1 volume ratio. The urea and 95 vol.% ethanol has 1: 2-15 volume ratio. The urea and crude product has 1-10:1 mass ratio. Preferred Method: Primary molecular distilling is carried out at temperature is 120-160 degrees C under 30-100 Pa pressure. Molecular distilling heavy phase is carried out at 150-200 degrees C under 10 Pa pressure. Preferred Components: The alkaline solution is sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide. The acid solution is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid. The organic solvent is ethyl acetate, chloroform, ether or petroleum ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali is selected from sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Agricultural and forestry biomass is selected from rice, wheat straw, rice hull, wooden meal, branch or bamboo.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Emulsifying agent is mixture of 10-20 pts. wt. Span (RTM: Sorbitan esters) and 5-10 pts. wt. Tween (RTM: Ethoxylated sorbitan esters) or OP-10 (RTM: Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether) emulsifier with respect to less than or equal to 25 pts. wt. mixture. Weight ratio Span with Tween or OP-10 is 2.5:1-4:1. Organic solvent contains toluene, methyl tert.-butyl ether, tert.-amylmethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, and/or isobutyl alcohol with mass ratio of 1:1-2:1. Auxiliary emulsifying agent is succinate, polyolefin succinic polyhydric alcohol ester, and/or polyisobutylene derivatives. Antioxidant is amine antioxidant, phenolic antioxidant, phenolic amine antioxidant, parathion-based antioxidant, dialkyl dithiocarbamate, benzene triazole, and/or thiadiazole. Methanol and oleic acid mixture, methanol and methanol-modified complex mixture, or methanol modified complex contains 10-90 wt.% methanol. Preferred Process: Methanol-based fuel is prepared by uniformly mixing methanol and oleic acid, adding oleic acid, mixing 0.5-3 wt.% auxiliary polymerization agent, and removing polymerization inhibitor to obtain 1st component in which auxiliary polymerization agent is esterification reaction catalyst which is homogeneous catalyst, solid catalyst, ionic liquid catalyst, or enzyme catalyst. Mixing and stirring is performed by rotary stirring, periodic or random shear mixing, or magnetic excited resonance with less than or equal to 25 MPa reaction pressure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises B.cereus and Aeromonas. The composition further comprises wheat bran, brown sugar, and yeast extract. The bacteria are actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria. Preferred Culture Medium: The culture medium includes improved beef extract peptone medium, improved potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium or improved MRS medium. Preferred Method: The mixed microorganisms are cultured at 25-60 degrees C. The cultivation time of bacteria is 24-72 hours and yeast is 72-96 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zeolite has 4-8 mm particle diameter, 1.9-2.6 g/cm3 density, not less than 48% porosity and 570-670 m2/g specific surface area. The pebble used as supporting layer has 2-6 cm particle diameter and 2.65 g/cm3 density. The sand has 2-3 mm particle diameter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The additive is powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves collecting the culture by gravity filtration. The method involves purifying the culture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method given. Preferred Molecule: The Tetraselmis sp. comprises ribosomal DNA (rDNA) comprising a 685 base pair sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) fully defined in the specification. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Components: The anaerobic sludge in the step (c) is from winery waste water treatment tank bottom deposited sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: Strain is halophilic which is suitable to grow in sodium (Na) salt environment in which optimum salt concentration is 10-20% growth (g/ml), and can live in high salt conditions for long-term. Strain has alkali-strain characteristics at pH of 7-12 under culture media conditions, strain secretes organic acids adjusting the pH to a suitable growth neutral conditions. Preferred Compositions: Amounts of raw materials are Preferred Process: Strain secretes hydrolytic enzymes to degrade organic matter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Component: The fatty acid 16-18C is chosen from palmitic acid (C16:0), hexadeca tetraenoic (C16:4), and oleic acid (C18:1). EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The admixture layer is formed by applying body forming admixture, and solidifying, where body forming admixture is prepared by mixing urea resin and magnesium oxide in magnesium chloride solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The upper half casing has absorption endothermic layer for absorbing solar heat applied on surface of upper half body and the upper half body. The lower half casing has inner lower half body, insulating layer as insulating body coated on surface of the inner lower half body, and outer lower half body coated on surface of the insulating layer. The upper half body, the inner lower half body and the outer lower half body have several layer structures laminated alternately with admixture layer and fabrics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Water is distilled water or deionized water. Preferred Process: Method further comprises adding with 2-5 mL distilled water or deionized water in solution C. Esterification condition involves alcohol-oil ratio of 10-15, catalyst amount of 8-10%, at 65-70 degrees C, rotating speed of 200-300 revolutions/minute, and for 8-10 hours. Separation comprises filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filter coating is a multi-layer film comprising niobium pentoxide/silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide. The thermoelectric module is made of lead telluride and skutterudite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: Organic fertilizer composition is prepared by degreasing skim milk emulsion and adding liquid glycerol, xylose and glucose to the skim milk emulsion. The obtained mixture is sterilized at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes, and then cooled to 30 degrees C to obtain mixed leaven. The obtained leaven is inoculated with mother stock fermenting agent, and fermented for 48 hours at 28 degrees C, where mass fraction of milk emulsion is 10%, mass ratio of liquid glycerol and skim milk emulsion is 1:50, mass ratio of xylose and skim milk emulsion is 1:100, mass ratio of glucose and the skim milk emulsion is 1: 100, and volume ratio of mixed leaven and mother fermenting agent is 1:50. Fermenting agent powder is prepared by putting fermenting agent into glass ampoule bottle under the sterile condition. The glass ampoule bottle is plugged and processed for quick-freezing. The obtained product is dried by using freeze drier to obtained freeze-dried fermenting agent powder. Preferred Components: Organic material contains straw, which is corn stalk, soybean straw, rice straw or wheat straw. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Regulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: Fertilizer comprises (in wt.%): pig manure (70-90, preferably 82), agricultural waste (10-30, preferably) and humic acid (1-5, preferably 3). Preferred Components: Agricultural waste is selected from rice husk, straw, sawdust, mushroom or pomace. Pig manure is collected by drying manure to obtain dried manure. Preferred Process: Fermentation is performed at 50-70 degrees C for 8-14 hours in fermentation device. Fermentation product is dried to obtain dried product of moisture content equal to or less than 12%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 50-70 pts. wt. sawdust, 30-50 pts. wt. cow manure, 80-100 pts. wt. chicken manure, 100-120 pts. wt. household garbage, 1-3 pts. wt. B.stearothermophilus additive, 1-3 pts. wt. L.plantarum additive, 15-25 pts. wt. traditional Chinese medicinal additive and 5-8 pts. wt. kelp. Preferred Components: The traditional Chinese medicinal additive comprises 40-50 pts. wt. chinaberry bark, 30-40 pts. wt. common Cnidium fruit, 10-20 pts. wt. semen pharbitidis, 10-20 pts. wt. herba polygoni avicularis, 20-30 pts. wt. radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-20 pts. wt. fructus viticis, 10-20 pts. wt. Chinese mugwort leaf, 10-20 pts. wt. sweet wormwood, 10-20 pts. wt. dried lacquer, 20-30 pts. wt. Chinese honeylocust spine, 10-20 pts. wt. Chinese prickly ash, 10-20 pts. wt. rhizoma osmundae, 10-20 pts. wt. Chromolaena odorata and 10-20 pts. wt. Dichroa febrifuga. The L.plantarum additive is prepared by culturing L.plantarum at 32-36 degrees C and activating for 24 hours, then inoculating 2-5 vol.% enriched strain in culture liquid, incubating at 32-36 degrees C and 220-250 rotations per minute (rpm) for 24 hours, and (b) fermenting under aerobic condition at 32-36 degrees C, 170-200 rpm, and 0.8-1 l/lx minute air flow rate through 0.45 mu m filter for 20-24 hours, drying naturally or at 30 degrees C with drying agents, to obtain solid with l010-11 colony forming unit (cfu)/g bacteria. The B.stearothermophilus additive is prepared by (a) culturing B.stearothermophilus at 30-34 degrees C and activating for 24 hours, then inoculating 2-5 vol.% enriched strain in culture liquid, incubating at 30-34 degrees C and 200-230 rpm for 24 hours, and (b) fermenting under aerobic condition at 30-34 degrees C, 170-200 rpm, and 1-1.2 l/lx minute air flow rate through 0.45 mu m filter for 20-24 hours, drying naturally or at 30 degrees C with drying agents, to obtain solid with l010-11 cfu/g bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The method involves mixing 10-20 pts. wt. carbon source, 2-10 pts. wt. nitrogen, 0.1-1 pts. wt. inorganic mixture, and 30-80 pts. wt. distilled water, stirring the mixture, and sterilizing the mixture at 120-150 degrees C for 10-30 minutes. Preferred Yeast: The yeast is Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Hansenula, Torulopsis, round yeast spores or their mixture. Preferred Components: The carbon source is one or more of corn starch, cassava starch, chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharide, sucrose, molasses or its mixture. The nitrogen source is one or more of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, urea phosphate or its mixture. The feed is 30-80 g/ml selenium, 1-10 g/l sorbitol, and 1-10 g/l fructose. The sugar alcohol is one or more of garlic sugar alcohol, isomalt, malt sugar, dithiothreitol or its mixture. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The protein fermentation is obtained by performing aerobic fermentation using soybean cake and sesame cake. The water-retention agent is polyacrylamide. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The microbial culture is silicate bacteria, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Bacillus megaterium. The fermented culture is sterilized at 121 degrees C for 20 minutes, dropping the temperature to 33 degrees C, reacting the culture at 33 plus minus 2 degrees C for 24-30 hours under aerobic condition, obtaining microbial fertilizer, where effective viable cells is 5x 109 (50 million) per ml, preferably not less than 300 million/ml. ADMINISTRATION - The microbial soil activating agent is administered at a dosage of 3-10 kg/m2 (Claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves (a) crushing the R.rubescens, extracting crushed product using 70% ethanol in room temperature for 2 times, where each time for 3 days, combining extract, and decompressing the extract, (b) adding 70% ethanol to extract and silicon glue, adding petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol, and recycling solvent, and (c) purifying the extract using a column, performing gradient elution using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate at a volume ratio of 40:1-1:1, re-crystallizing eluted product using ferulic acid to obtain oridonin. ACTIVITY - Anticoagulant; Thrombolytic; Hemostatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of content of methylene chloride and naltrexone hydrochloride is 10-16 ml:1 g. The molar ratio of triethylamine and naltrexone hydrochloride is 3-3.5:1. The molar ratio of tert-butyl dimethyl chlorosilane and naltrexone hydrochloride is 1.5-2:1. The molar ratio of 3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether naltrexone and methyl bromide is 1:5-30. The molar ratio of 3-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl ether-type naltrexone methyl bromide and 1-3C alcohol is 1 g:3.5-5 ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carboxylic acid anhydride is acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, acid anhydride, benzoic acid anhydride, succinic anhydride or phthalic anhydride, acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride, butyryl chloride or benzoyl chloride. The acid-binding agent is triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ammonia, pyridine or piperidine. The halogenation reagent is N-halogenated styrenebutadiene two imide amine, two bromine for toluene sulfonamide, dibromo hydantoin or three bromine isocyanuric acid and antibiotic. The N-halogenated styrenebutadiene two imide is N-chlorosuccinimide or N-bromosuccinimide. The aluminum hydride reagent is lithium aluminum hydride, tri(tert-butoxyl)lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of solid acid catalyst is 1 %mass. The molar ratio of silkworm pupa oil and methanol is 9:1. The solid base is solid sodium hydroxide, solid sodium hydroxide or solid sodium methoxide. The molar ratio of fatty acid methyl ester and methanol is 5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Enzyme is pig pancreatic alpha -amylase, A. oryzae amylase, Lipase AT30, or Lipase AY30, preferably Lipase AY30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Organic solvent is ethanol, methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, or isopropanol, preferably ethanol. Molar ratio of aldehyde (II) and o-phenylenediamine is 1:1-1.5, preferably 1:1 in which ratio mass of enzyme to total number of moles of aldehyde (II) and o-phenylenediamine is 2-50 mg/mmol, preferably 10-20 mg/mmol and ratio of volume of organic solvent to mass of enzyme is 0.02-0.05 ml/mg, preferably 0.05-0.1 ml/mg. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is at room temperature to 80 degrees C, preferably 35 degrees C and reaction time is 0.5-10 hours, preferably 3-5 hours. Preferred Definitions:    R=pyridyl, thienyl, or Ph optionally substituted with 1-3C alkyl, 1-3C alkoxy, NO2, halo, or Ph.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Acidic water pH is 2.5-4 of water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Strong acid gel type cation exchange resin is 001x 7 gel type cation exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of corn straw to chicken manure powder is 9:1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of phosphorus in the phosphoric acid is 16-21%. The content of potassium salt in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 54-60%. The content of nitrogen in ammonium sulfate is 54-60%. The content of magnesium and calcium in the shell powder is more than 50%. The content of calcium in the calcium carbonate is more than 95%. ADMINISTRATION - The soil modifying agent is administered at a amount of 20 kg per acre when the soil pH is 5 or more and the acid-base value is 4-4.5, 30 kg per acre when the soil pH is 3.5 and the acid-base value is 3.5-4, or 40 kg per acre when the soil pH is 3.5 and the acid-base value is less than 3.5 (claimed).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The wild rice sheath leaves prepared by after harvesting wild rice, slicing over wild rice stem sheaths and leaves, drying, and slicing into 30-40 cm long. The rapeseed is a byproduct of rapeseed oil extraction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The mineral fertilizer is calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer. Preferred Method: Adding amount of mineral fertilizer is 5 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The bacteria is Actinomycetes, yeast, filamentous fungus and Bacillus. Preferred Method: Adding amount of bacteria is 0.1-0.5 wt.%. Preferred Composition: The organic fertilizer includes 2-5 wt.% syrup.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Process: The stacking time is 5 days. The fermentation temperature is 35-45 degrees C. Preferred Components: The organic material decomposition agent is straw composting agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The mineral fertilizer is calcium-magnesium- phosphorus fertilizer. The fertilizer further comprises 2-5 wt.% syrup.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biological bacteria is actinomycetes, yeast, filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Bacillus. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium nitrate. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The fertilizer further comprises 1-3 pts. wt. agricultural plant comprising wheat straw pole, pole rice straw, corn straw, and/or bran. Preferred Method: The composting is carried out by crushing rabbit dung to 100-200 mesh and agricultural plant to 100-200 mesh. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mol ratio of nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst is 0.5-5:1. The alkali is 1-50% sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and/or aqueous potassium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The concentrated sulfuric acid-catalyzed nitration is carried out at 0-20 degrees C for 1-5 hours. The amination is carried out at 80-250 degrees C, preferably 120-160 degrees C and 0.8-10 MPa, preferably 2-4 MPa. Preferred Component: The mol ratio of nitric acid and m-dichlorobenzene is 0.8-1.5:1. The amination reagent is liquid ammonia or ammonia water, and a solvent. The solvent is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, xylene, toluene, and/or water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reducing agent is lithium aluminum hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The mol ratio of carboxyl group and the (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid is 1:1-1:1.5. The ratio of (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid and organic solvent I is 0.5-0.85 mol: 1 L. The organic solvent I is methanol, ethanol, or propanol. The organic solvent II is ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or dimethyl formamide. The organic solvent III is tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, or ethyl glycol dimethyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by taking o-chlorobenzaldehyde derivative and ethanethiol, reacting in sodium hydroxide, performing cyclization reaction with chloroacetone in acetone, synthesizing oxime using hydroxylamine hydrochloride, reacting with benzene derivative, and reacting with methylamine. Preferred Method: Reacting with ethanethiol is carried out at 25-100 degrees C in presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide. Cyclization reaction is carried out at 25-60 degrees C in presence of calcium oxide. Synthesizing oxime is carried out at 25-100 in presence of sodium acetate base using ethanol/water solvent. Reacting with benzene derivative is carried out at 25-100 degrees C in presence of potassium carbonate using acetonitrile solvent. Reacting with methylamine involves adding 25 wt.% methylamine, and reacting at 25-80 degrees C in methanol. Preferred Composition: Volume ratio of ethanol and water is 2:1. ACTIVITY - Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The micronized ammonium sulfate has granularity d0.1 of less than or equal to 0.5 mu m, d0.9 of less than or equal to 5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The silylation reaction step comprises adding weak organic acid salt of divalent metal i.e. magnesium ion (Mg2+), iron ion (Fe2+), or copper ion (Cu2+), where weak organic acid is formic acid, acetic acid, or propionic acid. The divalent metal organic acid salt is added at 0.01-0.1, preferably 0.02-0.05 times the weight of kanamycin A. The micronized ammonium sulfate is added at 0.001-0.1, preferably 0.01-0.05 times the weight of kanamycin A. The mol ratio of kanamycin A and hexamethyl disilazane is 1:5.5-55, preferably 1:10-20. The silylation reaction is conducted at 50-80 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bisulfite is alkali metal salt or ammonium salt. The reduction reaction catalyst comprises Ranney nickel, palladium/carbon or ferrous sulfate/hydrazine hydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, formic acid, acetic acid or water. The alkali is alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, acetate, carbonate, aqueous ammonia, ammonium salt, triethylamine or pyridine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) involves obtaining biotransformation reaction liquid which is a liquid-solid-solid four-phase system, where the liquid phase is water phase and oil phase, and the solid phase contains cell culture medium and product. The step (a) involves mixing liquid-solid-solid three phase reaction liquid and organic solvent A in a volume ratio of 1:2-3. The step (a) involves settling and separating the biotransformation reaction liquid, removing the water phase, performing dehydrating and concentrating process to obtain oil phase and product of liquid-solid-solid three-phase reaction liquid. The step (b) involves using horizontal screw centrifuge for separating liquid-solid two-phase reaction liquid. The steps (c) and (d) involves using performing forcible evaporation at 45-55 degrees C and -0.06 to -0.2 MPa using evaporator to remove organic solvent A and organic solvent B. The step (c) involves mixing liquid-solid two-phase system B with organic solvent B in a volume ratio of 1:0.5-2. Preferred Components: The organic solvent A is ethyl acetate or acetone. The organic solvent B is methanol. The edible oil is plant oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The beneficial microorganism has uniformity and oxygen resistance. The microorganism is spore forming bacterium. The beneficial microorganism is actinomycetes, fungi or yeast. The method involves adding bacteria to the sludge, performing primary fermentation at 24-30 degrees C for 72 hours, then performing secondary fermentation at more than 50 degrees C for 12 hours, cooling and decomposing product. The sludge comprises medicine residues, domestic sludge, livestock manure, crop straw and paper-making sludge or their combinations. The earthworm is utilized as pharmaceutical raw materials or feed. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The yellow whey solution has chemical oxygen demand of 10000-30000 mg/l. The essential microorganism bacterial solution comprises 2-10 hundred million/ml. The drying is performed for mechanical drying performed at 50-80 degrees C. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The composite microbial flora is Bacillus, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Thiobacillus spp., Enterobacter, Brevibacterium, or Aeromonas sp.. The mass ratio of composite microbial flora and sewage mixture is 1:10000. The P.alcaligenes is Pseudomonas putida, nitro reduction Pseudomonas, and Acidovorax.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is ammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dichromate, carbamide, or basic components of KUFA-1, and inoculated sludge of formula: (RR(Alx+2ySin-(x+2y)O2n).mH2O) (I).x,y,n,m=not defined.N.B. x,y,n,m are not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The compost has carbon/nitrogen ratio of 24-26, water content of 55-60% and bacterial count of not less than 2x 109 cfu/g. The crushed seaweed has length of 1-2 cm. The compost, seaweed and chicken manure has mass ratio of 3:4:3 and pH 6.6-6.8. The compost is prepared by decomposing rotten vegetable for 7 days at 30 degrees C, and pulverizing. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The organic material comprises 40-50 pts. wt. straw, 10-15 pts. wt. soybean, 15-20 pts. wt. bone powder and 20-30 pts. wt. chicken manure. The composite nutrient liquid comprises bacteria, sugar and water at weight ratio of 1:1:98, where the bacteria is Bacillus subtilis. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The feather is animal hair, duck feather or chicken feather. The meat and bone powdered mixture is from pork or chicken. The composite bacteria comprises 20-27% fungus, 10-16% bacteria, 28-34% Actinomyces, 3-9% salt, 5-10% rice vinegar, 5-10% millet and 7-16% sugar. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 10 pts. wt., 15 pts. wt. or 20 pts. wt. peanut cake, 100 pts. wt., 150 pts. wt. or 200 pts. wt. excrement, and 5 pts. wt., 6.5 pts. wt. or 7 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate. The weight ratio of loess and sand is 65:35. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Plant Growth Stimulant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The vegetable compost is prepared by decomposing the mixture for 7 days, turning once a day and reducing the temperature to 30 degrees C to obtain dark colored compost.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The calamine has particle diameter of 1-2 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is mixture comprising ammonium bisulfite and ammonium sulfite in mass ratio of 1.9-2:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrolysis solution and 1-phenyl-methyl-5-pyrazolone are mixed in ratio of 1:1-1.15. The molar ratio of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and dimethyl sulfate is 1:1.2-1.25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The accelerator is cesium chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin is used as brominating agent during manufacture of ozagrel. The initiator comprises azobisisobutyrynitrile, benzoyl peroxide and sunlight. The dipolar aprotic solvent is acetone, N,N-dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The eutectic solvent is betaine hydrochloride-urea eutectic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic material comprises: natural zeolite, preferably clinoptilolite and/or chabazite; and clay exfoliated and / or interposed with extract of seaweed and/or macroalgae.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises: separating the liquid fraction from the digestate, before the mixing step (a); mixing the mixture of solid fraction of the digestate with the solid fraction of the mixture; adjusting the pH value of the mixture of liquid fraction of the digestate with the essential inorganic material to 4.5-7 by adding the mixture of acidifying agent or basifying agent; and mixing the liquid fraction of the mixture obtained after the separation with a second inorganic material comprising a substantial quantity of clay, zeolite and/or diatomaceous earth adapted to trap a portion of residual nitrogen species present in the liquid fraction of the mixture after separation. In the mixing step (a): 100-300 g of the material is mixed with 1l of liquid fraction of the digestate; the digestate is mixed with the essential inorganic material; and 80-270 g of the material is mixed with 1 kg of the digestate. The mixing step is carried out for 1 hour, preferably greater than or equal to 7 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Used edible oil is from plant and animal sources such as rapeseed oil, soy bean oil, corn oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, or olive oil from domestic sources which are oxidized and deteriorated. Kerosene product is manufactured by petroleum refining apparatuses from crude oil produced all over the world and passed the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) and the main specifications (ASTM, IP, DIN, and ISO). Additive is antioxidant, cleaning agent, and/or dispersing agent. The biofuel oil contains 0.05-0.2 wt.% 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methyl phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol, alpha -naphthol, phenyl- alpha - naphthylamine, phenyl- beta -naphthylamine, and/or N,N'-diisopropyl-P-phenylenediamine as antioxidant, 0.01-0.05 wt.% polyether amine, polybutene amine, alkylphenol amine, succinic acid ester, succinic acid amide, and/or succinic acid imide as cleaning agent, 0.01-0.1 wt.% alkyl methacrylate vinyl pyrrolidinone copolymer, alkyl methacrylate dialkylamino ethylmethacrylate copolymer, N-substituted long-chain alkenyl succinic acid imide, and/or poly stearamide as dispersing agent, and fatty-acid glycerol esters. Preferred Process: 40-60 wt.% clay refined oil is mixed with 40-60 wt.% petroleum-based kerosene product by irradiating using ultrasonic wave with output of 1200-2400 W, and frequency of 21-28 kHz for 20 minutes to miniaturize molecules and fully mix. Primary to quaternary microfiltration processes are performed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The enzyme is a cellulase-enhancing protein, a glycoside hydrolase, preferably a beta-glucosidase, an arabinan endo-1,5-alpha-L-arabinosidase, a 1,4-beta-xylosidase, an acetylxylan esterase or an endo-1,4- beta-xylanase. The polypeptide is obtainable from Myceliophthora fergusii (Corynascus thermophilum).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process further comprises: adding an enzyme that has cellulase enhancing activity; and adding a cellulase or cellulases. The cellulolytic material or lignin is pretreated. Preferred Components: The formed sugars are converted into ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: In the method above, the enzyme is a cellulase, preferably a beta -glucosidase A, an alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase, a xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase, an alpha-glucuronidase, an endo-1,4-beta-xylanase or a beta-glucosidase. The polypeptide is obtainable from Thermoascus aurantiacus. The process further comprises adding an enzyme that has cellulase enhancing activity. The formed sugars are converted into ethanol. The process further comprises adding a cellulase or cellulases. The cellulolytic material or lignin is pretreated. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxidizer reactant comprises: an inorganic chlorate; a perchlorate; a nitrate; and an organic oxidizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The lacquer vehicle generation system comprises a chamber modulator. The chamber modulator is configured to burn the grain component. The chamber modulator is configured to produce a microburst in the grain component during the combustion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fuel composition comprises: a premodified saturated chemical grain; and the ball fuel formula. The fuel composition is operable to pass through a pumping unit, where the pumping unit is disposed to position at a fuel depot, and the pumping unit is configured to circulate the fuel composition. The grain composition is operable to create combustion for the fuel composition in a laquer vehicle generation system. Preferred Components: The grain component comprises: corn; switch grass; Sorghum; Miscanthus; wheat; and sugarcane. The fuel adhesive component is epoxy based adhesives. The premodified saturated chemical grain is operable to enhance the combustion of the fuel composition. The ball fuel formula is configured to provide additional adhesion to the fuel composition. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The piston feeding device includes a feeding dipper-like bin, a horizontal pushing device and a vertical pressuring device connected in series. The horizontal pushing device includes a barometric jar constant amount pushing device and a spiral conveyor constant delivering device. The horizontal high temperature high pressure reactor set includes stirrer, at least two ball stopper valves and a pressure storing trough connected to each of the ball stopper valves. A cyclone powder collection trough is arranged between the flash trough set and the flashed steam heat-recycling system and connected to a slurry connection trough. In the apparatus (II), the feeding device includes a piston feeding device and a revolution valve. The horizontal low temperature low pressure acid mixing pre-heating set includes stirrer and revolution valve connected to it and connectable to the vertical high temperature high pressure reactor set. The vertical high temperature high pressure reactor set includes a stirrer, a ball stopper valve connected thereto and connectable to the high temperature pressure difference flash discharge device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The value of K is 1.15-1.85. The shafts are symmetrical and are arranged perpendicularly with respect to the first container preservation beer ends and extending second container preservation beer ends. A first end of each shaft is connected to an outside of the container provided for the drive. A second end of each shaft is accommodated in a wall attached to the first bearing. Each shaft is housed approximately centrally in a second bearing, which is supported against a tank bottom by means of a support means. In the biogas reactor: a first many paddles are there perpendicularly extending from each shaft; a minimum first distance between a first end of a first container head and the tank bottom is more than 25 cm, preferably more than 30 cm; and second paddles are present approximately perpendicularly from each shaft between one of the first paddles and the wall, where a second minimum distance between a second end of a second mixing blade and the tank bottom is greater than the first distance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Plant raw material contains timber, maize leaf-and-stem, rice straw, straw, cotton, cotton goods, paper, used paper, pulp, pulp manufacture dreg crystalline cellulose, microcrystal cellulose and/or microcrystalline cellulose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Decomposition dreg is obtained by decomposing plant raw material by cellulose decomposition agent as cellulose raw material. Lignin from plant raw material is removed by kraft-process pulping. Process of making glucose react and obtain ethanol includes fermenting mannose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, cellobiose or cello oligo in plant raw material. Preferred Components: Cellulose solvent is chosen from aqueous solution of quat. amine oxide and quat. amine oxide, dimethylsulfoxide solution of quat. amine oxide, dimethylformamide solution of quat. amine oxide, and their mixtures. Cellulose solvent is chosen from N,N-dimethylhomopiperidine N-oxide, N,N-dimethyl cyclohexylamine N-oxide and preferably N-methymorpholine-N-oxide. Amount of cellulose raw material is 1-20 wt.% with respect to cellulose solvent. Cellulose decomposition agent is cellulose degradation enzyme containing cellulase and ( beta ) glucosidase having 50-5000 biomass hydrolysis unit. Amount of cellulose degradation enzyme is 1-100 wt.% per weight of cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The compact log further comprises an ignition device disposed in at least one of the incisions. The ignition device is impregnated with a flammable substance, where the flammable substance is a natural flammable substance. Incisions are filled with the ignition device. The compact fire log also comprises air ducts, where air duct extends along an end face of the log. The upper surface forms an upper surface of a cooking stove. Incisions form desired image on the upper surface of burning fire log, where desired image is a multi-pointed star. The number of incisions and their location in the wood log are selected according to the desired image on the upper surface of the burning fire log. The desired image is a multi-pointed star. Preferred Process: Forming compact fire log further involves disposing an ignition device in at least one of the incisions. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred System: The first catalytic reduction reactor unit and/or second catalytic reduction unit contain a high void sulfide metal catalyst, or metal catalyst on inorganic support. The second catalytic reduction reactor unit contains a metal catalyst having an average void fraction of 20-95% (preferably 20-45%); and surface area of 10-1000 m2/g. Preferred Components: The supported metal catalyst has an average void fraction of at least 45%; and surface area of 50-500 m2/g. The metal catalyst comprises Mo, W, Co, and/or Ni. The supported metal catalyst further contains sulfur. Preferred Method: The method further involves recirculating the liquor phase from the second catalytic reduction reactor unit to the hydrothermal digestion unit at a recycle ratio of 0.2-10. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises: reacting (II) with (III) to obtain (IV) or its salt; and converting (IV) to (I) and optionally crystallizing (I) from a solution of (I). Preferred Components: (I) is in crystalline or amorphous form. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound (I) is specifically claimed i.e. (4R,5S,6S)-4-nitrobenzyl 6-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-3-((3R,5S)-1-((4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonyl)-5-(3-((4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonyl)phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate of formula (Ia).    EXAMPLE - 1 g 3-((2S,4R)-4-((4R,5S,6S)-6-((R)-1-Hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-2-((4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonyl)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-en-3-ylthio)-1-((4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)benzoic acid in 5 ml dimethylformamide was cooled to 0 degrees C and 0.41 g p-nitrobenzylbromide was added, followed by 0.263 ml triethylamine and the mixture was stirred at 0 degrees C for 5 hours. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and 0.14 g p-nitrobenzylbromide was added. After 20.5 hours at room temperature 0.10 ml triethylamine was added and stirred for 7 hours. The resulting mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water and layers were separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water and concentrated to give (4R,5S,6S)-4-nitrobenzyl 6-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-3-((3R,5S)-1-((4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonyl)-5-(3-((4-nitrobenzyloxy)carbonyl)phenylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The content of Cr2O3 is higher than 65 (preferably higher than 80) wt.%. The content of Al2O3 is lower than 35 wt.%, preferably higher than 2 wt.%. The content of ZrO2 is higher than 3 (preferably higher than 5) wt.%. The content of Y2O3 is higher than 0.2 (preferably higher than 0.3) wt.%. The total content of oxides of chromium, zirconium and aluminum is higher than 80 (preferably higher than 90) wt.%. The sum of contents of Cr2O3, calcium oxide (CaO), Al2O3, ZrO2, Y2O3, SiO2, MgO, TiO2 and HfO2 is higher than 95 wt.%. The more than 50 wt.% of ZrO2 is stabilized in the cubic and/or quadratic form. The ZrO2 present in the matrix represents more than 2.5 wt.% of the total weight of the product. The more than 90 wt.% of Y2O3 is present in the matrix. The product further comprises a co-doping agent acting as stabilizing of ZrO2, CaO, magnesium oxide (MgO), TiO2 and their mixtures. The sum of the contents of CaO, MgO and TiO2 is 0.5-6 wt.%, and more than 50 wt.%, preferably more than 90 wt.% of Y2O3 and the co-doping agent is contained in the matrix. The content of silicon dioxide in the matrix is 0.5-6 wt.%, preferably lower than 3 wt.%. The matrix comprises: 60-95 (preferably 65-90) wt.% of Cr2O3; 1-25 (preferably less than 5) wt.% of Al2O3; 3-10 (preferably 4-8) wt.% of ZrO2; 0.1-4 (preferably 0.2-3) wt.% of Y2O3; less than 1 (preferably less than 0.5) wt.% of HfO2; and less 10 (preferably less than 5) wt.% of other oxide. The refractory product is in the shape of a layer or as a block.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Gene recombinant yeast comprises beta -xylosidase, endoxylanase, arabinofuranosidase, and acetyl xylan esterase on surface. Gene recombinant yeast is diploidized gene recombinant yeast. Preferred Processes: Classification method of gene recombinant yeast includes preparing diploidized gene recombinant yeast.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The filamentous-fungi origin cellulase comprises one or more enzyme components chosen from cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, beta -glucosidase, xylanase, and ( beta )-xylosidase. The fermented residue of starch material is distillation residue of ethanol obtained after fermentation. In step (a), the diluted sulfuric acid processed material or hydrothermally-treated material of cellulose-containing biomass is hydrolyzed. In step (a), the method involves adding 0.1-5 wt.% water-soluble mineral salt and/or polar organic solvent with respect to required amount for hydrolysis. The method further involves (a) washing the mixture obtained by washing the mixture obtained by solid-liquid separation using water-soluble mineral salt, alkali and polar organic solvent, and (d) separating hydrolyzed residue and washing solution and recovering filamentous-fungi origin cellulase from the washing solution. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The winch is mounted on a movable arm for balancing the load present on the winch. The crane basket is arranged around the winch. The crane basket has a retractable base. A locking means for the stirrers is provided at the crane basket. The crane basket has a power supply.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aerosol composition comprises 50-98 wt.%, preferably 70-92 wt.%, of water and/or ethanol. Preferred Components: The blowing agent mixture comprises 1,1-difluoroethane, propane and butane. The 1,1-difluoroethane is present 0.5-10 wt.%, preferably 1-4 wt.%. The propane and butane are present at 3-6 wt.%, preferably 5-6 wt.%. The cosmetic preparation contains at least one nonionic surfactant, preferably alkoxylated fatty alcohols, and at least one cationic surfactant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solidifying agent comprises: at least one vinylpyrrolidone copolymer; or at least one nonionic solidifying polymer and at least one cationic solidifying polymer; or at least one wax. The solidifying agent is present at 0.5-12 wt.%, preferably 2-8 wt.%. EXAMPLE - Typical composition comprised of: 0.1-10 wt.% of polyquaternium-4; 0.5-10 wt.% of 1,1-difluoroethane; 3-6 wt.% of propane/butane; and sufficient quantity up to 100 wt.% of additional mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The solid electrolyte is a film made of sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The flue gas is conducted in or against the bulk flow of the biomass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The flue gas supply pipe directs the flue gas in or against the direction of bulk flow of the biomass. The device further comprises an exhaust gas discharge pipe for exhaust gases after torrefaction, where the exhaust gas discharge pipe is conducted to a combustion chamber of a power plant, a conditioning device for pre-drying the biomass, where the conditioning device is connected with the feeding device, a discharge device for discharging torrefied biomass, where the discharge device is a rotary valve, and a cooling device for cooling the biomass after the torrefaction, where the cooling device is a cooling screw. The flue gas supply pipe and the exhaust gas discharge pipe are at least partially designed as a double-walled pipeline. An outer chamber of the double-walled pipeline for the hot flue gas before the torrefaction surrounds an inner chamber for the exhaust gases after the torrefaction. The feeding device is a screw. The conveying device is a bucket conveyor (5), a ball screw, a trough chain conveyor or a tube chain conveyor. The hollow shaft is arranged centrally within the device for torrefaction. The hollow shaft is surrounded by a carrier pipe for the torrefaction floors. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The first device comprises a furnace, and a torrefaction storm. The second device comprises a mill, preferably a vertical mill. The first and second devices have inlet ports for the flue gas to the final torrefaction.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adjusting the particle size of the obtained pretorrefied biomass in the second device. The pretorrefaction step takes place independent of the comminution, final torrefaction and homogenization. Preferred Components: The first degree of torrefaction is 70-98%, preferably 88-92% of target degree of torrefaction. The second degree of torrefaction is 85-100%, preferably 99-100% of target degree of torrefaction. Flue gas having the same temperature and a composition is used for the pretorrefaction, comminution and homogenization. Ambient conditions are maintained in the first device, between the first and second devices and in the second device for the torrefaction.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Auxiliary agent is nitrogen source, phosphorus source, and preservatives. Ethanol concentration after distilling in simple ethanol distillation tower is greater than or equal to 70%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Sugar content of fermentation culture medium is 10-20%. Amount of added ammonium sulfate is 0.5-1 g/L. Filling volume of immobilized yeast cell gel particles is 45-55%. Preferred Parameters: Fermentation culture medium has pH of 4-4.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Nutrients are ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O), and calcium chloride (CaCl2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Required alcohol degree is determined by placing 100 ml of solution in distillation flask, adding 100 ml distilled water, uniformly mixing, distilling, taking out 100 ml distillate, and measuring alcohol degree at 20 degrees C. Alcohol conversion rate is determined according to formula alcohol conversion rate = (volume of alcoholx alcohol degree)/(mass of starch)x 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Fermentation raw materials are 2 kg corn flour, 0.1-0.5% yeast, 20-80 U/g alpha -amylase, and 100-200 U/g glucoamylase. Corn flour is defatted corn flour. Preferred Conditions: Fermentation is performed 28-35 degrees C for 3-6 days with material:water ratio of 1:2-1:5 and stirring speed of 100-200 rpm. Preferred Processes: Cellulase, pectinase, and/or acid protease are added during fermentation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Auxiliary material is nutrients, urea, and sulfuric acid. Mash is mature when it contains greater than or equal to 9 vol.% alcohol and less than or equal to 0.5% residual sugar. Preferred Processes: Immobilized yeast is prepared by adding active dry yeast to 30 degrees C sterile water, adding 5% boric acid solution containing 1% calcium chloride dropwise using syringe to obtain immobilized gel particles with diameter of 3 mm, curing for 50 minutes, filtering out immobilized gel particles, washing with saline thrice, and immersing in sterile water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Removing tannin is processed by ultrasonic extraction. Fermentation is performed by using yeast with 2% glucose solution which is activated at 30 degrees C for 1 hour. Fermentation is performed by adding 100-200 U/g glucoamylase, 5-20 U/g alpha -amylase, and yeast which is 0.1-0.2% of dry acorn kernel starch and fermenting at 30-35 degrees C for 5-15 days.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: Enzyme is glucoamylase and alpha -amylase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Yeast is dry yeast powder activated with 2% glucose solution at 30 degrees C for 2 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Alkali contains 1-2% hydrogen peroxide and 2-5% sodium hydroxide solution and solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:40-1:50. Auxiliary agent is nitrogen source, phosphorus source, and preservative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Pretreatment is at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) and processing time is 40-60 hours. Preferred Processes: Filtering with nylon cloth is performed by making nylon cloth to bag for convenient operation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Degrading solution is 2-4% sodium hydroxide solution or 2-6 mol/L diluted sulfuric acid solution. Solid-to-liquid ratio straw:degrading solution is 1:1-1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Dry yeast is activated by placing yeast in 40-50 times the weight of 2% glucose solution at 35-40 degrees C, culturing for 15-20 minutes in 37 degrees C incubator, transferring to 30 degrees C incubator, and culturing at 60-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Plants: The aquatic plants are chosen from emergent aquatic plants, submerged plant and floating plants. The aquatic plants are cultured such that stem portions of the plants emerges out of the water surface and dense microbial film is formed on the surface of the water body. The aquatic plants are processed in the direction of water flow such that three quarters portion of the plants remain in contact with the microbial film. The emergent and submerged plants are planted in degradable plantation bags. The emergent aquatic plant is chosen from wild rice, cattail, Scirpus tabernaemontani, water onion, scallion and Thalia dealbata. The floating plant is chosen from water lilies, Conyza canadensis, duckweed and Myriophyllum spicatum and mushroom grass. The submerged plant is chosen from foxtail stonewort, Elodea nuttallii and tape grass. The aquatic plants are capable of growing well in relatively deep water. Preferred Method: The method further involves processing the aquatic plants after the step (d). The step (c) involves using bamboo raft obtained by weaving and fixing sections of bamboo sheets in vertical and transverse directions, where the bamboo raft is concave shaped. The left and right sides of each bamboo sheets have width of 1/4-1/3, height of 10-15 cm above the water level, and distance between the left, right and middle sides being 30-50 cm. The floating plant is processed using net as platform and being obtained by combining bamboo. The net is fixed near growth region of the floating plant. The method enables removal of eutrophication from the water body by cultivation of the aquatic plants.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The degradation step is performed in aerobic reaction tank for 24 hours, where the carrier is attached to biofilm having thickness of 90-110 mu m. The method involves adding organic sewage waste to treatment device, adding culture medium, adding the microbe to the device, maintaining the temperature at 35-40 degrees C for 50-70 hours, and providing aeration to the device, where the concentration of microbe is 10-100 million cells/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The treatment of municipal sewage further involves sterilizing sewage using ion chelating agent and calcium hypochlorite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The struvite is magnesium dihydrogen phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: Natural plant-containing resveratrol glycoside is giant knotweed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or ethyl acetate. Eluent is petroleum ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol. Amount of eluent is 2.5-3.5 BV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic weak acid is p-toluenesulfonic acid. The organic solvent is toluene, benzene or cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (1) comprises mixing stigmasterol and phytosterol n-pentanol in the mass ratio of 1:12-17, adding beta -sitosterol and n-amyl alcohol in the with the resulting mixed solution according to the ratio of 1:6-10 to obtain a filter cake having sterol content of more than 90%. The step (3) comprises carrying out crystallization by adding the resultant solution with 5% of water at 20 plus minus 2 degrees C. In step (5), the n-amyl alcohol and stigmasterol crude n-pentanol are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2-4. In step (6), 95% of n-amyl alcohol and sitosterol crude n-pentanol are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:5-10. In step (5) and step (6), the drying process is carried out at 60 plus minus 5 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Box body is made of plastic, stainless steel or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Insulating layer is made of perlite, polyphenyl ether or polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The 18S sequence of the strain comprises fully defined 1718 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO: 1), as given in the specification. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence comprises fully defined 743 nucleotides (SEQ ID NO: 2), as given in the specification. The strain: is oval or wedge-shape, and produces string shaped colony; length is 6-8 mu m, width is 5-7 mu m and diameter of strain aggregate is more than 50 mu m; is green or yellow color; is externally coated with irregular branch or leaf and internally with semitransparent glue, and the cell division forms two parent spores, which breaks into small groups. The hydrocarbon content of the strain by dry weight is 20-60%. The fatty acid content of the strain by dry weight is 4-8%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The method comprises culturing under conditions of temperature of 20-35 degrees C, and the illumination intensity of 50-500 mu mol/m2.seocnd, pH value of 7-9, and carbon source containing 0.5-10% carbon-dioxide gas. Preferred Components: The Botryococcus braunii strain ENN42 comprises 18S rRNA sequence comprising fully defined 1725 base pairs (SEQ ID NO: 1) , as given in the specification. The Botryococcus braunii strain ENN42 cell shape is oval or wedge-shaped, with string-shaped green colored colony, where the cell is 7-10 mu m long, and 6-8 mu m wide, and the cells forms aggregate of 50 mu m or more, and the cells are green in color, and are coated with semitransparent glue in irregular branch-shape or leaf-shape, and the cell division often forms two similar spore-type parents, and break into small groups of population. The hydrocarbon content in the algal strain dry weight, is 30-50%. The fatty acid content in the algal strain dry weight, is 5-12%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The culturing of Chlorella sp. HQ comprises inoculating Chlorella sp. HQ of logarithmic growth phase into secondary effluent of municipal sewage, controlling algae inoculum density to 5x 104-5x 105 cells/ml, brightness ratio to 12:12-14:10, and light intensity to 40-60 mu mol.(m2/s), and culturing at 20-30 degrees C for 10-14 days, isolating the algae and collecting the purified water. Preferred Components: The secondary effluent of municipal sewage is secondary sedimentation tank effluent of municipal sewage treatment process, where the water quality index is not less than the GB18918-2002 minimum standards.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: PHA synthase gene phaCl is from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and recombinant engineered bacteria is Escherichia coli. Solvent 1 is dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, or diethyl ether, and solvent 2 is methanol, ethanol, or ethylene glycol. Alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol, or ethylene glycol. Catalyst is enzyme IPO-701, or potassium hydroxide Preferred Compositions: Concentration of cellulose in culture medium is 0.1-10%. Preferred Conditions: Temperature in fermentation process is 30-37 degrees C.
ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide; Herbicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Compositions: Residual sludge contains total suspended solids (TSS) with 25-40 g/L concentration and volatile suspended solids (VSS) with 15-25 g/L concentration. Anaerobic sludge reflux amount is 2-20 vol.% of total amount of sludge. Preferred Conditions: Preheating time is 45-75 minutes. Anaerobic stirring time is 48-72 hours. Stirring speed is 150-200 rpm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of calcium oxide is 1-5 mass% of residual sludge. Amount of polymeric ferric sulfate is 0.1-2 mass% of residual sludge.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The waste incinerator smoke is normal pressure hot air, or hot water for second incinerator. The fermenting agent is effective microorganisms (EM) strain stock solution. The EM strain stock solution comprises photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, microzyme and filamentous bacteria. The amount of the fermenting agent is 1-2 g. Preferred Method: The method involves fermenting mixture at 40-65 degrees C for 7-14 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The fermentation is performed at 27.5-28.5 degrees C for 0-40 hours. 0C, fermentation of the fermentation temperature after 40 hours is 25.5-26.5 degrees C, providing aeration for 0-10 hours at a stirring speed of 175-185 revolutions/minute (rpm), where the fermentation is performed for 60-63 hours. Every 100 l fermentation broth is supplemented with 0.45-0.55 kg starch. The method involves adding 200-400 kg chicken manure, 600-800 kg humic acid and 200-600 kg water to fermentor, inoculating strain, and maintaining 15-40 degrees C for 9-11 days, where the granules has diameter of 4-5 mm. Preferred Medium: The culture medium comprises 2-3.5 wt.% starch, 1-2 wt.% yeast extract, 4-8 wt.% corn syrup, 0.1-0.5 wt.% calcium carbonate, 0.01-0.02 wt.% zinc ion, 0.01-0.03 wt.% magnesium ion, and water (remainder). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer; Fungicide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite fertilizer comprises 42 pts. wt. beer slag, 12 pts. wt. urea, 15 pts. wt. dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 3 pts. wt. potassium sulfate, 9 pts. wt. nutrient element, 0.5 pts. wt. borax, 0.2 pts. wt. manganese sulfate, 0.3 pts. wt. ammonium citrate, and 18 pts. wt. composite strain. The nutrient elements is mixture of 50-70 wt.% shell powder, and 30-50 wt.% oyster shell powder. Preferred Microorganism: The composite strain comprises mixture of 30-50 wt.% lactic acid bacteria, 30-60 wt.% Staphylococcus, and 10-30 wt.% nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The adjusting agent is polyaspartic acid. ACTIVITY - Insecticide; Fungicide; Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of the compound (I) involves: reacting amantadine and formic acid in presence water or ethanol, followed by cooling and crystallizing and filtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further involves cooling, crystallizing, and filtering. Preferred Components: The acetylation reagent is acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride. The acid-binding agent is organic alkaline amine. The amine is triethylamine, trimethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or tri-n-butylamine. Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of acetylation reagent and rocuronium bromide derivative (i) is 1.1-2:1. The molar ratio of acid-binding agent and rocuronium bromide derivative (i) is 4:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Process: Cleaning poultry bone with the water, and then crushing the cleaned bone in a machine to obtain fining bone particles of particle size ranging from 4-6 millimeter. The obtained fine bone particles are then mixed with ice, and again crushed in the machine. The obtained particle is then inoculated with Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus cultures in the molar ratio of 1-5:1-3:1-3 to obtain bacterial suspension of concentration (108 colony forming unit/milliliter). The bacteria are grown in nutrient medium, which comprises sodium chloride (2-5%) and sodium nitrite (0.005-0.015%). The obtained mixture is then processed at 80-150 revolutions per minute, 25-35 degrees C, 100-200megapascal, and pH (5.5-7.5) for 6-18 hours to obtain fermented product. The fermented product is then treated with organic acid for leaching, where the obtained product is then filtered to remove undissolved impurities. Preferred Component: The poultry bone is selected from chicken bone or duck bone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic acid is selected from citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid or propionic acid. Preferred Composition: The nutrient medium used for growing Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum at pH 6.8 comprises beef extract, yeast extract, cheese peptone (6 gram), glucose (6 gram), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1.5 gram), Tween (RTM: surfactant) 801 gram, sodium acetate (4 gram), citric acid (1.5 gram), and magnesium sulfate (1 gram), manganese sulfate (0.1 gram), and distilled water (1000 milliliter). The nutrient medium used for growing Staphylococcus at pH 7 comprises glucose (6 gram), beef extract (8 gram), peptone (8 gram), sodium chloride (6 gram), and water 1000 milliliter.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polar solvent is chosen from ethanol, methanol, acetone and acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In the process, the percentage of the CCMT is less than 0.5%. The percentage of the NIL is 12-15%. The percentage of the solvent is 80%. The reaction uses 1 mole of the CCMT and 1.25-1.30 mole of the NIL. The material is filtered at 65 degrees C. Preferred Components: The catalyst is dimethyl amino pyridine (DMAP). ACTIVITY - Insecticide. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process Conditions: The action of the catalysts and additives is performed by decreasing generation of volatiles by using moderate pressure conditions in flash pyrolysis at 100-170 degrees C. The reaction bed is provided with controlled viscosity, components hardness and dynamic friction. The catalyst is porous structure type alumino zeolite with minimum pore diameters of 3-30 Angstroms. The clay is rich in iron oxides that promotes hydrogenation reaction in core (0.52%) by reducing generation of unprocessed solids. Carboxylic or polycarboxylic acid derivatives are provided for trapping oxygen generated in cracking reaction from different types of polymeric materials and biomass. Sodium and calcium bentonites are provided for improving process performance. 1-10% of silicates are also included in the reaction mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: removing the carbonyl-labile ligands to create vacant sites by reaction with a strong acid which is triflic acid; removing the carbonyl-labile ligands to create vacant sites by heating the open metal carbonyl cluster under flow of an inert gas; and recovering the open metal carbonyl cluster, supporting the cluster on a catalyst support, and treating the supported cluster via an oxidation reaction by exposure to oxygen. Preferred Components: The opening agent is an oxidant. The oxidant is trimethylamine oxide. The carbonyl-labile ligand is: a nitrogen-containing compound coordinating through nitrogen or an oxygen-containing compound coordinating through oxygen; and an ether, amine, dioxygen or nitrogen. The open metal carbonyl cluster obtained comprises carbonyl-labile ligands or vacant carbonyl sites. The closed metal carbonyl cluster is an tetrairidium carbonyl cluster. The closed metal carbonyl cluster is bound with three sterically protective ligands. The ligands are calixarene phosphine ligands. The closed metal carbonyl cluster is an tetrairidium carbonyl cluster bound with three calixarene phosphine ligands, and the opening agent is trimethylamine oxide. The open metal carbonyl cluster prepared comprises carbonyl-labile ligands in vacated carbonyl sites. The catalyst support comprises silica and/or alumina, carbon, magnesia, or ceria. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves crushing the biomass raw material until the size is 1-10 mm, and adding an additive to the biomass raw material before drying process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from starch, molasse, polyurethane resin, polyacrylic resin, polydimethylsiloxane resin, acryl siloxane resin, guar gum, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, acryl, polystyrene, polycarbonate, pyroligneous liquor, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose and carboxylate methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises cooling the molded product to room temperature after being processed in the biomass emulsion water bath. The biomass raw material preparation comprises drying the biomass raw materials until the water content is 6-12%, crushing the raw materials and sieving to a particle size of 1-10 mm, where the biomass raw material preparation further comprises adding starch, molasses, polyurethane resin, polyacrylic resin, polydimethylsiloxane resin, acrylic siloxane resin, guar gum, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, acrylic, polystyrene, polycarbonate, wood vinegar, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, and carboxy methyl cellulose before the drying step. The biomass emulsion water bath has a temperature of 160-220 degrees C. Preferred Components: The biomass fuel has a calorific value of 5250-5512 (kcal/Kg), intensity of 52-92 (Kgf/cm2), and absorption rate of 11.5-9.5%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Semiconductor contains titania, doped titania of formulae nTiO or nTixOy, or metal titanate. Housing contains UV transmitting acrylic, borosilicate glass, quartz, or fused silica. Substrate contains polycarbonate or tubular titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The preparation of solid catalyst further involves regenerating catalyst, adding the deactivated catalyst to washing kettle, washing by 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and then using clean water until it is neutral, drying, and obtaining regenerated solid catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Method: The method involves performing drying process in vacuum drying box under pressure of 120-150 Pa. The method involves adjusting pH of sewage to 6-8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Preparation of levalbuterol involves forming (chloroacetyl)salicylaldehyde by reacting salicylaldehyde, anhydrous aluminum chloride, and chloroacetyl chloride in dichloromethane, obtaining (((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)acetyl)salicylaldehyde hydrochloride by reacting (chloroacetyl)salicylaldehyde with isopropanol and tert-butylamine, and reacting resulted product with isopropanol and inorganic basic compound under poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(glycidyl triazolyl-L-quinine) catalyst. The (chloroacetyl)salicylaldehyde is prepared by adding anhydrous aluminum chloride in a reactor, adding methylene chloride dropwise with stirring, adding dichloromethane and chloroacetyl chloride, adding salicylaldehyde, refluxing, stirring, pouring into mixed solvent containing ice water and methylene chloride, and adjusting pH to 2. The (((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)acetyl)salicylaldehyde hydrochloride is obtained by suspending (chloroacetyl)salicylaldehyde in isopropanol, dropping tert-butylamine, maintaining in water bath, adding concentrated hydrochloric acid and isopropanol, and stirring at room temperature. The levalbuterol is obtained by dissolving (((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)acetyl)salicylaldehyde hydrochloride in isopropanol, cooling, dropping potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in isopropanol, adding catalyst, stirring by adding l mol/L hydrochloric acid, and adjusting pH of the reaction solution to 4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The bacteria comprises Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae and Bacillus licheniformis. The mass ratio of solid, bacteria and water in the culture medium is 1:1.5-2:0.001-0.01.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is alumina molecular sieve supported by nickel and/or cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biomass comprises rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw and soybean straw. The ratio of ethanol and water in the ethanol aqueous solution is 1:2-2:1. Preferred Process: The pretreatment involves crushing the biomass into 40-80 meshes and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-40 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Components: External power supply is direct-current stabilized voltage power supply with voltage range of 0.4-0.9 V. Preferred Parameters: Feed pump has flow rate of 80-125 m3/hour.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Iron electrode is prepared by soaking iron electrode in weak acid for 30 minutes, and washing in weak base. Preferred Compositions: Weak acid is 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, and weak base is 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carbon plate electrode is graphite plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Compositions: Culture medium of Mycobacterium gilvum strain CP13 is mineral salts medium (MSM) culture liquid containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Initial concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in culture medium is less than or equal to 75 mg/L, preferably 50 mg/L. MSM culture liquid contains 100 mg/L ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, 20 mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O), 10 mg/L calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O), trace elements such as 1.2 mg/L iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), 0.3 mg/L, manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4.H2O), 0.3 mg/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O), 0.1 mg/L cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate (CoSO4.7H2O), and 0.1 mg/L ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O), and phosphate buffer solution i.e. 2.5 g/L potassium hydrogen phosphite (K2HPO3) and 0.77 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphite (KH2PO3), and has pH of 7.2-7.4. Preferred Conditions: Mycobacterium gilvum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation temperature is 30-35 degrees C. Mycobacterium gilvum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation pH is 7-10, preferably 8-9.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is pyrene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorene, acenaphthene, and naphthalene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Parameters: Serratia marcescens strain S2 (CGMCC 3654) 16S rDNA sequence comprises 1455 fully defined amino acids (SEQ ID No: 1). Preferred Processes: Dibenzothiophene degradation is performed by inoculating Serratia marcescens strain S2 (CGMCC 3654) in contaminants containing dibenzothiophene and degrading.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: Algae is green algae, red algae, brown algae, and/or micro algae. Preferred Processes: Algae is pre-processed by drying algae until weight is constant, crushing by crusher, sieving with 40-100 meshes, preferably 60-80 meshes standard sieve, subjecting algae and water to container, heating container in water bath at 60-100 degrees C, preferably 90-100 degrees C for 5-60 minutes, preferably 25-35 minutes, removing container in water bath, cooling to room temperature, adding ferrous sulfate solution and hydrogen peroxide solution to algae water liquid, and continuously stirring to obtain algae mixed treatment liquid in which volume concentration of algae in container is 10-200 g/L, preferably 50-100 g/L. Pre-processing of algae involves subjecting algae mixed treatment liquid directly to cellulase or yeast fermentation liquid for cellulase saccharification or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Concentration of ferrous sulfate is 7.9-15.8 mM, and concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.012-0.024%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Algae is microalgae, Xanthophyceae, dinoflagellate, and/or green algae, preferably microalgae. Aqueous alkaline solution contains 25-50 mass% sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), or potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Acid catalyst is 25-30% sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), bromic acid (HBr), nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), formic acid (HCOOH), perchloric acid (HClO4), and/or phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Mixed flora is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus licheniformis, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium aurantibutyricum, and Clostridium tetani. Catalyst is supported in alumina zeolite Nickel (Ni), and/or cobalt (Co). Preferred Conditions: Temperature and pressure conditions of washing step are 200-350 degrees C, and 15-20 MPa. Fermentation temperature is 36-40 degrees C, and fermentation time is 24-40 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The composite gear box device comprises a gear box and a driving motor. The driving motor can drive the gear box. The gear box is connected to the power output terminal which drives the driving rotating shaft to rotate. The upper stirring impeller is provided with vertically arranged blades which are rectangular in shape. The vertical direction of the blade is provided with many strip-shaped upper grooves. The upper stirring impeller and the biogas tank are designed with high-water level. The distance between the lower side of the lower stirring impeller to the bottom portion of the biogas tank, is 20-30 cm. The lower edge of the lower stirring impeller is provided with a zigzag structure facing downwards. The lower stirring impeller is provided with a saw-teeth shape unit facing outward. The upper portion of the composite gear box device is provided with a timing switch.
ACTIVITY - Insecticide.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - 619 g RR-Trans cypermethric acid chloride was charged and heated at 60 degrees C in a 4 neck 3 l round bottom flask fitted with mechanical stirrer, condenser and thermometer pocket. 479 g 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol was added to the flask in the interval of 2-2.5 hours and the reaction mixture temperature was maintained at 60-65 degrees C for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was analyzed to obtain a reaction mass with less than 0.3% of RR-trans cypermethric acid chloride and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol. Thus the reaction product-1 was obtained. The hydrochloride gas was then removed from the reaction mass by applying 700 mm/mercury vacuum at 70-75 degrees C and was analyzed to obtain a reaction product with less than 0.5% free acid content. 470 ml Water was charged in round bottom flask. 16 mg Potassium carbonate was added to the flask, stirred and heated at 60-65 degrees C. The reaction product-1 was then added to the potassium carbonate solution which was stirred and allowed to settle for 1 hour at pH of 8.5-9. The bottom organic layer was separated from the reaction solution at 60-65 degrees C and was added and stirred with 470 ml of water in round bottom flask. The organic solution was heated at 60-65 degrees C and stirred for 30 minutes and allowed to settle for 1 hour. The bottom organic mass was separate from the organic solution at 60-65 degrees C and heated 80 degrees C and vacuum 745 mm/mercury in a reactor for 2 hours for removal of water. After complete dehydration, the transfluthrin with purity of 96% was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The limonene has general formula (I). The pinene has general formula (II). The camphor has general formula (III). The terpineol has general formula (IV). The ingredients which improve properties and characteristics of the fuels, are selected from antioxidants, thermally stabile promoters, cetane number improvers, stabilizers, defoaming agents, anti-fogging agents, corrosion inhibitors, lubricity promoters, freezing inhibitors, cold flow improvers, additive system cleaners, smoke reducer, metal deactivators, dispersants, detergents, emulsifiers, driers, static sinks, biocides, emollients or their mixtures. The terpenes are selected from camphor, terpineol, eucalyptol, menthol, carvone, carveol, limonene oxide, citronellol, citronellal, linalool, geraniol, citral, vanillin, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic acid, thymol, eugenol, carvacrol, mentrona, cineole, safrole, anethole, styrene, cedrene, phellandrene or cymene. The additive composition comprises 10-90 wt.% of limonene, 5-80 wt.% of pinene, 0-30 wt.% of camphor, and 0-30 wt.% of terpineol. The fuels are selected from biofuels, petrochemical-based fuels and mixtures of biodiesel fuel with petrochemical-based fuel. The biofuels are selected from one or multiple esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats group containing from 8-22 carbons, preferably biodiesel. The esters of fatty acids are selected from methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester or their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The M.circinelloides is inoculated into culture medium and cultured at 26-30 degrees C for 4-6 days to obtain product having 0.9-1.1 million spores/ mu l, where the culture medium comprises 125.5-126 g potato, 25-30 g glucose, 23.5-24 g sucrose, 15-20 g agar and 900-1000 ml distilled water. The B.pumilus is inoculated into culture medium and cultured at 35-38 degrees C for 32-40 hours to obtain product having 0.9-1.1 million spores/ mu l, where the culture medium comprises 45-55 g bran, 2-3 g peptone, 2-3 g element, 4-6 g sodium chloride, 0.5-1.5 g potassium phosphate, 0.1-0.3 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 900-1000 ml distilled water. The fertilizer is applied for 2 day/once (first time). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hot air is oxygen free or low oxygen air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cassava alcohol wastewater is supernatant obtained by water separation in alcohol distilling plant, where soluble chemical oxygen demand is 32-48 g/l, carbohydrate is 8-12 g/l, protein is 3-8 g/l, and lactic acid is 5-10 g/l. The inoculation sludge is granular sludge obtained from the bottom of a paper mill upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, where total solids is 120-180 g/l and volatile solids is 90-120 g/l. Preferred Method: The pH adjusting method is either (i) adjusting initial pH and further no adjusting of pH, or (ii) adjusting pH value for 12 hours using sodium hydroxide or alkalin solution, or (iii) maintaining a constant pH of the system to the set value using automatic control device. The low speed stirring is performed under 100-120 revolutions/minute.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The nitrifying microorganisms comprise Nitrobacter or Nitrosomonas. The acid-forming bacterium is Bacillus subtilis. The aerobic liquefied fertilizer tub comprises intermittently circulation of liquefied fertilizer and high temperature sterilization comprised over 3. The amount of the air supplied through the aerator comprises 0.02-0.03 m3 per 1 ton of the livestock excretion filtrate. The initial amount of air volume fed to the aerobic liquefied fertilizer tub is maximum, which was gradually decreased. A parcel water pump is embedded in the liquefied fertilizer reservoir. The system further comprises a pressure pump provided in the aerobic liquefied fertilizer tub for providing pressure to the livestock excretion filtrate. The aerobic liquefied fertilizer production system further comprises a livestock shed circulation cleaning pump which intermittently supplies the livestock shed with the fully aged liquefied fertilizer stored in the liquefied fertilizer reservoir and washes the shed. Preferred Method: In the aerobic step, the oxidation of organic materials is carried out at 40-60 degrees C, the nitrifying process is carried out at 30-60 degrees C, and a pressure pump raises the temperature to 30-80 degrees C to kill harmful microorganisms and simultaneously perform aeration. The method is selectively provided with the nitrifying microorganism. The livestock shed washing process intermittently transfers the liquefied fertilizer stored in the liquefied fertilizer reservoir to the livestock shed after fully aged liquefied fertilizer storage, where the liquefied fertilizer is fully aged through the livestock shed circulation cleaning pump for washing the inside of the cattle shed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and second molding compounds comprise 100-200 pts. wt. of thermosetting resin, and 500-600 pts. wt. of conductive carbon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fertilizer comprises: 22 pts. wt of the dry chicken manure; 35 pts.wt. of the plant ash; 11 pts.wt. of the shell powder; 13 pts.wt. of the straw; 12 pts.wt. of the grass; 3 pts.wt. of the rice bran; 5 pts. wt. of the jade powder; 6 pts.wt. of the phosphogypsum; 3 pts.wt. of the ammonium bicarbonate; 4 pts.wt. of ammonium chloride; 5 pts. wt. of potassium chloride; 1.5 pts. wt. of the zinc sulfate; 4 pts. wt. of Celastrus powder; 3 pts. wt. of the cork powder; 5 pts. wt of Aloe vera powder; and 3.5 pts. wt. of modified clay powder. Preferred Method: The modified clay powder is prepared by: processing the clay at a temperature of 460-480 degrees C for 3-4 hours and then taken out; then cooling the clay; grinding the clay into a powder; adding the obtained 5-8 wt.% of clay powder to a mixture of 3-4 wt.% of jade nanopowder, 2-3 wt.% of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2-3wt.% of rose oil and 2-3 wt.% of flour, stirring the materials for 30-40 minutes, spraying the silane coupling agent to the clay powder, and again stirring the mixture for 60-70 minutes at a speed of 13000-16000 revolutions per minute to obtain a finished product. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The strain of bacteria is from the nutrient solution, where strain is Pandoraea strain.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The soil conditioner comprises 90-100 pts. wt. zeolite powder, 2-3 pts. wt. alcohol ester, 3-4 pts wt. nanojade powder, 4-5 pts. wt. oil, 2-3 pts. wt. ascorbic acid, 1-2 pts. wt. oxalic acid, 3-4 pts. wt. 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 5-6 pts. wt. actinolite, 2-3 pts. wt. magnesium sulfate, 4-5 pts. wt. sodium selenite, 5-6 pts. wt. cuttlefish bone meal and balance water. Preferred Method: The soil conditioner is prepared by mixing zeolite powder and water, heating at 75-80 degrees C, adding nanojade powder, oil, ascorbic acid and oxalic acid, continuously grinding for 1-2 hours, concentrating, drying, adding magnesium sulfate, sodium selenite and cuttlefish bone meal, stirring uniformly, adding remaining raw materials, and granulating.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The microbial agent comprises 0.5-1.5x 10 cfu/g Bacillus licheniformis, 0.2-0.8x 10 cfu/g Bacillus pumilus, 0.2-0.8x 10 cfu/g Bacillus laterosporus, 0.5-1.5x 10 cfu/g Bacillus megaterium and 0.5-1.5x 10 cfu/g silicate bacteria. Preferred Method: The microbial agent is prepared by taking Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus megaterium and silicate bacteria, taking slant culture, shaking culture and fermentation tank culture, concentrating, and drying. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The amino acid is glycine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The blend membrane comprises PA segment nylon-6, nylon-11 or nylon-12, PE is polyethylene oxide segment ethane, polypropylene oxide or polybutylene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The PEBA polyether-b-polyamide block copolymer has structure of formula OH-(C(=O)-PA-C(=O)-O-PE-O)n-H.PA = amide segment;PE = polyether segment depends on the molecular weight of the copolymer content of the copolymer molecules of PA and PE, PA segment molecular weight range of 300-15000 molecules of the copolymer, the copolymer molecular chain PE molecular weight of 200-6000 segments; andn = not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparing (I) comprises (i) reacting 2-chloro-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde compounds of formula (II) with phenyl-hydrazine compounds of formula (III) in the presence or absence of solvent or mixture at a suitable temperature, and (ii) isolating (I) by recrystallization method using an organic solvent. Preferred Method: The method is carried out at a temperature of -10 degrees C to reflux temperature of the solvent used at 25 degrees C. The step (i) is: performed by grinding of the reactants at a suitable temperature; carried out for 10-250 minutes, preferably 15 minutes; and carried out with equimolar ratio of the reactants. Preferred Components: The organic solvent used in the step (i) is an alcoholic solvent, preferably methanol, ethanol or isopropanol. ACTIVITY - Antimicrobial; Anticonvulsant; Analgesic; Antiinflammatory; Anticoagulant; Thrombolytic; Cytostatic.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 7 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. (E)-1-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-2-p-tolylhydrazine of formula (Ia), (E)-1-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)hydrazine, (E)-1-((2-chloro-6-methylquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)hydrazine, (E)-1-((2-chloro-6-methylquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)hydrazine, and (E)-1-((2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-2-(3-fluorophenyl)hydrazine.    EXAMPLE - A mixture of 100 mg of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde and 83.07 mg of 1-p-tolylhydrazine hydrochloride was thoroughly ground in a clean and dry mortar for 15 minutes. Examination of the thin-layer chromatography of the product was indicated for every 5 minutes and then the reaction was completed for less than 15 minutes. Then product was recrystallized from methanol to get 130 mg of (E)-1-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-2-p-tolylhydrazine as a pure orange shiny solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The step (b) involves extracting the obtained powder using 65% ethanol (obtained powder:ethanol=1:60), uniformly stirring the extract, and heating the extract in microwave oven at 280 W for 2 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the ionization and flocculation is performed at 50-80 degrees C for 0.5-3 hours, the strong electrolyte is oxide hydrate of group V elements of the periodic table, and the refluxing time is 1-4 hours. In the step (ii), the acid catalyst is an inorganic acid, an organic acid or a double-metal composite acid, the basic catalyst is an inorganic alkali, an organic alkali or a double-metal composite alkali, and the molar ratio of degummed waste oil, methanol and the catalyst is 1:2-8:1-6. In the step (i), the strong acid catalyst is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid, the acidification reaction is performed at 110-150 degrees C for 2-6 hours. In the step (ii), the molar ratio of acidified edible oil fatty acid soap, methanol and the catalyst is 1:2-8:1-6. Preferred Method: In the step (iv), the vacuum distillation pressure is 95-98 KPa, the vacuum distillation tower bottom temperature is 300-350 degrees C, and the vacuum distillation tower top temperature is 200-300 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Processes: Filtering residue in filtered livestock and poultry excrement and drying to produce organic fertilizer. Adjusting pH of filtrate to 8.6-9.5, performing anaerobic fermentation for 2-3 days, and collecting biogas before sterilizing filtrate. Placing spirulina in U-shaped track. Washing with fresh water. Preferred Compositions: Fresh water is drinking water. Salinity of seawater is greater than or equal to 35 wt.%. Preferred Conditions: Domestic culture temperature is 30-37 degrees C. Spirulina culture temperature is 20-40 degrees C. Spirulina culture time is 10-14 days. Drying temperature is 80 degrees C. Preferred Parameters: pH of domestic culture is 8-10. pH of spirulina culture is 7.2-10.5. Illumination of spirulina culture is 8000-20000 LX. Light wavelength of spirulina culture is 430-500 nm, preferably 640-660 nm. Aeration rate of spirulina culture is 150-250 m3/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Rhizoma anemarrhenae polysaccharide powder extract chemical composition is prepared by removing monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and small molecule impurities by macroporous absorption resin decoloring from R. anemarrhenae polysaccharide powder extract and performing ultrafiltration to obtain product with greater than or equal to 50-95% polysaccharide content.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Method: The culturing step is carried out by inoculating Nannochloropsis salina into nutrient-rich normal f/2 culture medium, maintaining pH of the culture medium at 8, temperature at 24 plus minus 2 degrees C and illumination of 79.29 mu mole m-2S-1. The algae is concentrated centrifugally before inoculating into the medium. The culture medium comprises 33.6 g of artificial sea salt, 0.075 g of sodium nitrate, 0.00565 g of monosodium Phosphate, 1 ml of trace elements and 1 ml of vitamins. The trace elements comprises 4.16 g of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 3.15 g of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, 0.18 g of manganese (II) Chloride tetrahydrate, 10 mg of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 10 mg of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, 22mg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 6 mg of sodium molybdate fertilizer. The vitamin comprises 100 mg of vitamin B1, 0.5 mg of vitamin B12 and 0.5 mg of vitamin ?.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: (I) is round or rod-shaped, cultured for 24 hours on a solid medium at 37 degrees C, milk white color and gradually thinned towards four sides, and has smooth edge and wet and medium thickness. (I) has 16S ribosomal RNA sequences having base pair sequence as given in the specification. Preferred Method: The application method comprises expanding culture of (I), then inoculating in the feces and reducing hydrogen sulfide in the stool.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The protein belongs to aquaporin family.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The proton pump comprises bacteriorhodopsin or cytochrome oxidase.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method involves removing protein from lipid extracted from the above-mentioned microalgae biomass, and performing hydrolysis using acid at 50-90 degrees C for 5-80 minutes with the pH of 1-3, or enzyme, preferably amylase at 25-45 degrees C with the pH of 4-8, where the enzyme comprises 0.1-150 mM sodium chloride or potassium chloride. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gasoline component oil component is 5-12C alkane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The straw is wheat straw, cotton stalk, soybean straw or rice straw. The cow dung is massive or liquid manure. Preferred Process: The straw is dried and crushed to 1-2 cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Calcined lime is used to neutralize pH to 6-8.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Spent grain boiler discharged flue gas is purified. Preferred Parameters: Spent grain water content during hot press forming is 5-15%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Window body uses electromagnetic radiation-transparent material such as ceramic or quartz material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Wall body uses metal material which reflects or prevents transmission of electromagnetic radiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of concentrated sulfuric acid is 2-2.5% and molar ratio of methanol and oil is 25-30. Preferred Conditions: Reaction time is 2-3 hours and reaction temperature is 60-65 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of silicotungstic acid is 2-3 mass% of J. curcas oil and molar ratio of oil and methanol is 1:10-1:15. Silicotungstic acid is dehydrated silicotungstic acid. Dried 3-necked flask has magnetic stirring bar, thermometer, and condenser. Latent solvent is tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is 60-70 degrees C and reaction time is 3-5 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is concentrated sulfuric acid. Amount of catalyst is 1-2%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Mass ratio of methanol and oil is 0.2-0.6. Preferred Conditions: Reaction time is 0.5-1 hour and reaction temperature is 60-70 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid is 8-10%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Volume ratio of methanol and oil is 6-8 and amount of catalyst is 1-1.5%. Amount of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether is 5-8 times of amount of cottonseed oil methyl ester, and amount of solid KOH powder is 2-3%. Preferred Conditions: Esterification temperature is 50-55 degrees C and esterification time is 30-60 minutes. Addition of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and solid KOH powder reaction temperature is 50-55 degrees C and addition of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and solid KOH powder reaction time is 45-60 minutes. Steam distillation generator power is 200-250 kW and biodiesel distillation temperature is 220-250 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of catalyst is 4-8 mass% of concentrated sulfuric acid. Molar ratio of alkyd is 10-12. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is 8-10 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Ammonium phosphate contains 11 wt.% nitrogen and 44 wt.% phosphorus pentoxide. Potassium chloride contains 60 wt.% potassium oxide. Magnesium oxide purity is 82 wt.%. Phosphoric acid solution concentration is 85%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprising 47 pts. wt. urea, 23 pts. wt. ammonium phosphate, 20 potassium chloride, 8-15 pts. wt. magnesium oxide and 3-6 pts. wt. phosphoric acid solution. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Azadirachtin and azadirachtinin are prepared by extracting crushed neem seeds with 60-70% methanol, refluxing, adjusting methanol content to 20%, standing, cooling, deoiling, subjecting to ion exchange chromatography or macroporous absorption resin chromatography, subjecting to column chromatography in silica gel to obtain extract containing 20-50 wt.% azadirachtin, and converting azadirachitin to azadirachtinin. Preferred Compositions: Amount of azadirachtin and azadirachtinin in pesticide is 10-95 wt.%, preferably 30-50 wt.%. Amount of azadirachtin and azadirachtinin in extract obtained from column chromatography is 20-50 wt.%. Solvent for macroporous absorption resin chromatography is ethanol, isopropanol and/or acetone. Solvent for ion exchange chromatography is aqueous ammonia. Preferred Processes: Column chromatography of neem seed extract is performed repeatedly to obtain extract with high level of purity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preparation (Claimed): The above-mentioned strain is produced by inactivating the above-mentioned genes in the strain. Preferred Strain: The bacterial strain has enhanced activity of acrR gene. Preferred Method: The method further involves introducing the above-mentioned acrR gene into the above-mentioned strain. The method involves culturing the strain in presence of organic solvent. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The microorganism culture jar is maintained with pH of 6-8 and is supplied with microorganism including Bacillus subtilis.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Protein: The stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase protein comprises a 401 amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) fully defined in the specification. The microalgae is Chlamydomonas, preferably C.reinhardtii. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The desulfurization tub removes the sulfide in the biogas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The agricultural by-products comprises Miscanthus sinensis, sawdust, rice hulls, mushroom waste culture soil and chaff.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The bio-gas heating step comprises heating the tank to prevent precipitation of solids at the bottom surface of the tank. The method further comprises heat-exchanging the waste liquid discharged from the digestion tank with the organic waste slurry fed into the tank; collecting the produced biogas in an air diffusers installed in the tank; drying the waste gas to remove odor components contained in the exhaust channel of a ventilation duct by spraying liquid deodorant; and removing sulfur compound from the biogas produced in the anaerobic digestion tank. The present amount of the liquid manure element is 50-150 pts. wt. relative to 100 pts. wt. of nitrogen oxide reducing agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymerization catalyst is ickel oxide , strongly acidic resin, superacid, supported hetero-polyacid, acidic zeolite catalyst, phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The reaction solvent is toluene or cyclohexane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Strain: The strain is A.oryzae. Preferred Component: The raw material is corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, sorghum straw, soybean straw or cotton straw, where the raw material is crushed and sieved using 20-100 mesh sieve. Preferred Composition: The first-level strain culture medium is prepared by mixing wheat straw and water in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-3, maintaining the pH, dispensing the mixture into 500 ml triangular flask and adding 80-200 g mixture into each bottle and sterilizing at 110-135 degrees C for 30-180 minutes. The expanding culture medium is prepared by mixing corn and water in a weight ratio of 1:0.5-4 and adding 0-5% soybean meal and 0-5% corn slurry and mixing uniformly, maintaining the pH and sterilizing at 110-135 degrees C for 30-180 minutes. The solid fermentation medium is prepared by mixing straw, hydrogen peroxide and water in a mass ratio of 4 1:0.2-1:0.5 and reacting for 3-24 hours, and adding 0-5% soybean meal and 0-5% corn steep liquor. Preferred Method: The method involves (a) inoculating A.oryzae spores into 250 ml triangular flask containing 20-100 g first-level strain culture medium and culturing at 20-50 degrees C for 24-120 hours, and (b) mixing first-level strain and expanding culture medium in a weight ratio of 1:5-100 and spreading the inoculum on solid fermentation medium bed, culturing at 3-23 days and turning for 1-2 times, or (c) mixing first-level strain and expanding culture medium in a weight ratio of 1:5-100 and spreading the inoculum on solid fermentation medium bed, culturing at 10-60 days and turning for 1-5 times, where the bed measures 4-40 cm in thickness and 0.5-2 m in width, and is ventilated.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Component: The wastewater is domestic wastewater and/or industrial wastewater.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The biomass is crop straw, forestry processing waste or municipal domestic garbage.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inert gas is helium gas and/or argon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preparation (claimed): Hydrogen storage electrode alloy is prepared by smelting using induction heating at 1300-1600 degrees C under pressure of 10-5x 105 Pa, pouring into tundish under inert gas protection, incubating for 5 minutes, spraying on water-cooled copper roller at speed of 3-20 m/second, rolling to thickness of 500-1500 mu m, quick quenching, vacuum annealing at 400-700 degrees C for 2-5 hours under pressure of 10-2x 104 Pa, cooling, crushing to 200 mesh, adding nickel carbonyl at mass ratio of 1:4, mixing, and cold pressing under pressure of 35 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carrier in the catalyst is glycerol. The active component of the catalyst is sulfonic acid radical.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Method: The method is constant temperature water bath or culture box. The fermentation process is stirring or shaking bottle fermentation. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Condition: The biomass is heated at 450-600 degrees C, particularly 600-800 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere. Hydroxyl ion concentration is 4-6mole/L. Impregnating time is 4-7 hours. Hydrogen ion concentration is 0.8-1.2mole/L. The impregnating time is 4-6 hours. Nitric acid concentration is (30-50 %). The reflux time is 4-6 hours. The concentration of ruthenium is 0.1-0.25 mole/L. The ultrasonic treatment time is 30-60 minutes. The stirring time is 4-6 hours. Preferred Component: The strong alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or rubidium salt. The strong acid is hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid or hydroiodic acid. Ruthenium salt is ruthenium chloride, ruthenium nitrate or ruthenium acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Process further comprises repeating granulating, drying and cutting steps, drying again, pressing, and final drying. Drying is carried out at 85-150 degrees C with air humidity of 5-30% and wind speed of 10-30 m/second.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: The seaweed powder is obtained by drying Undaria pinnatifida at normal temperature and crushing dried product. The fermented protein composition is obtained by mixing 20-80% egg white and 80-20% sesame seeds and fermenting the mixture aerobically at room temperature.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 120 pts. wt. or 130 pts. wt. corn stalk powder, 85 pts. wt. or 88 pts. wt. fermented barley, 42 pts. wt. or 18 pts. wt. fescue powder, 80 pts. wt. rice straw powder, 15 pts. wt. glucose, 8 pts. wt. or 6 pts. wt. urea, 4 pts. wt. PK fertilizer, 2 pts. wt. or 3 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 45 pts. wt. calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 23 pts. wt. or 26 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 7 pts. wt. potassium chloride, 6 pts. wt. or 5 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 3 pts. wt. or 4 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, 2 pts. wt. borax, 3 pts. wt. or 2 pts. wt. ammonium molybdate, 2 pts. wt. or 3 pts. wt. copper sulfate, 3 pts. wt. or 2 pts. wt. manganese sulfate, and 18 pts. wt. or 17 pts. wt. microbial agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 120 pts. wt. corn stalk powder, 85 pts. wt. fermentation flour, 42 pts. wt. fescue powder, 80 pts. wt. rice straw powder, 15 pts. wt. glucose, 8 pts. wt. urea, 2 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 45 pts. wt. calcium magnesia phosphate fertilizer, 23 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 7 pts. wt. potassium chloride, 6 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 3 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, 2 pts. wt. borax, 3 pts. wt. ammonium molybdate, Chinese herbal medicine and 20 pts. wt. microorganism strain agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pH regulator is 10% sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluent is methanol. Preferred Process: The stirring time is 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The synthesis is carried out by:(A) adding 48.5 g, preferably 73.2 g potassium hydroxide and 70.6 g, preferably 105.9 g n-amyl alcohol into 250 ml three-necked round bottom flask while magnetically stirring to obtain pale yellow viscous liquid, dropping 20 g, preferably 30 g natural eugenol, heating to 80 degrees C, refluxing to 145 degrees C for 4.5 hours until liquid color changes into light yellow-brown, diluting with 5 times water until color is deep brown, dividing into layers, transferring lower layer to 250 ml separatory funnel, washing upper layer with 13 wt.%, preferably 12 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution, combining, extracting with 80 ml acetone, removing n-amyl alcohol-containing organic phase, washing extract with hydrochloric acid to adjust pH value to 4-5 to obtain pale yellow turbid solution, and removing acetone through rotary evaporation to obtain isoeugenol;(B) adding 10 g, preferably 15 g isoeugenol to 250 ml three-necked flask, mixing with 60 ml, preferably 90 ml water, adding 25 g, preferably 37.5 g 32% sodium hydroxide while magnetically stirring, heating to 90 degrees C, adding 7.5 g, preferably 11.1 g nitrobenzene, stirring for 3-4 hours, preferably 3.5 hours, and adjusting pH value to 4-5, preferably 4-5.3 with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to obtain vanillin crude product; and(C) extracting 3 times with 120 ml, 100 ml, and 80 ml benzene to purify, combining extracts, washing with 40 ml water 3 times, recovering benzene through vacuum distillation, crystallizing with toluene, centrifuging, drying, recrystallizing with alcohol, centrifuging, and vacuum-drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Manganese salt is manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate or manganese carbonate. Reducing agent is lithium aluminum hydride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Acid binder is triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine, ammonia, pyridine or piperidine. Acid anhydride is acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, valeric anhydride, benzoic anhydride, succinic anhydride or phthalic anhydride. Acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride, butyryl chloride or benzoyl chloride. Preferred Composition: Epoxidation agent includes 6-40 wt.% peracetic acid or 56-80 wt.% m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The environmentally-friendly bio-alcohol fuel oil comprises 80 wt.% methanol, 10 wt.% ethanol, 5 wt.% water, and 5 wt.% additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The industrial fuel comprises 5-30 wt.% coal tar, 5-25 wt.% xylene, 5-25 wt.% ethyl acetate, 30-60 wt.% methanol, 10-35 wt.% ethanol, and 1-5 wt.% styrene-acrylate triazole sulfonic acid barium(sic) as additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of the oiliness agent and quality improver is 8 pts. wt. and 0.3 pt. wt., respectively. The addition amount of the ethyl acetate, ethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, water, emulsifying agent and mixture (A) is 35 pts. wt., 45 pts. wt., 8 pts. wt., 8 pts. wt., 12 pts. wt., 8 pts. wt. and 75 pts. wt., respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The quality improver is cetane improver.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antiwear agent is grease and/or phosphate. The extreme pressure agent is olefin, phosphate or nitride. The antioxidant is phosphate and/or phosphate derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The gelation inhibitor is secondary methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The antirust preservative is barium sulfonate, sulfonic acid, boric acid or amine carboxylate. The oiliness agent is plant oil and/or fatty acid. The antifoaming agent is methyl silicon oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing material is ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The scrapped-automobile disassembled garbage includes plastics, rubber, coatings, synthetic fibers, foam, phenolic resin, glass fiber composite, epoxy glass fiber composite, metal particles, sawdust, and sand.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pH value of the sludge is adjusted using sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The agricultural and forestry waste biomass raw material is crop straw and wood waste. The rare earth chloride is lanthanum chloride, cerium chloride, praseodymium chloride, or neodymium chloride. The solid-to-liquid ratio of biomass raw material and rare earth chloride salt solution is 1:10-1:30 g/mL.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cocatalyst comprises nitrate, chloride, sulfate and/or oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Components: Cultivation wastewater is urine, excrement, and rinse water used during breeding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Component: The biological bacteria are Actinomycetes, yeast, filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus. Adding amount of bacteria is 0.1-0.5 wt.%. Preferred Composition: The fertilizer includes 2-5 wt.% syrup.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: Water is pure water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of preparing into a mixed solution comprises controlling the stirring rotation speed at 100-180 revolutions/minute (rpm). The method comprises ice water bath cooling, crystallizing at 2 degrees C, and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C. It comprises adding water to tetrahydrofuran at 1:12 volume ratio and preparing into a mixed solution, raising the temperature to 55 degrees C, adding potassium bisulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride at 1.0:2.0 mol ratio into the mixed solution, stirring for 15 hours at 170 rpm, cooling to - 2 degrees C, crystallizing for 4 hours, filtering to obtain crystals, and vacuum drying at 50 degrees C for 3 hours to obtain glucosamine potassium sulfate
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - PHARMACEUTICALS - Preferred Method: In the third step, the 20-50% volume of the organic solvent is 4 to 6 times the volume of resin and the 70-100 wt.% volume of the organic solvent is 6-10 times the volume of resin. In the extraction step, the volume concentration of acetone is 50 to 100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle size of silica microsphere is 5-8 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass is wood, cork, or plant. The oil plant fruit pressed cake is obtained by processed plant waste and plant fruit oil pyrolysis solid product is obtained by cold-pressed vegetable oil catalytic cracking. The plant oil is soybean, peanut, sesame, litsea cubeba fruit, castor oil plant, semen perillae acutae, flax seed and hemp. Preferred Process: The extrusion molding pressure is 90-130 MPa and extrusion molding temperature is 90-150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The plant extract is prepared by taking 80-120 pts. wt. weight green tea, 160-240 pts. wt. dried ginkgo leaf and 40-60 pts. wt. dried corn stigma, adding 400-600 pts. wt. water, extracting for 8-12 minutes, cooling, filtering, and storing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The composite metal oxide is obtained by mixing rare-earth metal, iron-containing transition metal precursor, and complexing agent, stirring uniformly, evaporating water to obtain a transparent sol, forming viscous gel using the sol, drying, and roasting. The molar ratio of complexing agent and metal ion is 1:1-4:1. The stirring speed is 300-400 rpm, time is 4-6 hours, and temperature is 50-70 degrees C. The drying temperature is 80-150 degrees C and time is 8-24 hours. The roasting temperature is 700-900 degrees C and time is 3-8 hours. The metal additive is loaded by volume impregnation. The reducing temperature is preferably 500-700 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of cobalt and transition metal is 4:1. The content of metal additive is 5-10%. The rare-earth metal is lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium and/or terbium. The transition metal other than cobalt is iron, nickel, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, vanadium, titanium and/or zirconium. The metal additive is zirconium, potassium, ruthenium, molybdenum, nickel, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, vanadium and/or titanium, preferably zinc. The composite oxide is neodymium-titanium-cobalt oxide of formula: NdTi1-xCoxO3-y.x=greater than 0.8 and less than 0.95;andy=not defined.N.B: y is not defined. The precursor is neodymium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and/or titanium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The complexing agent is citric acid or glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first flocculating agent is polyaluminum chloride. The amount of the polyaluminum chloride is 0.1-0.4 wt.%. The second flocculating agent is polyacrylamide solution having a concentration of 0.1-0.3% and present in an amount of 15-30 mass%. The dosage of the sludge is 0.3-0.8 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The vermicompost is obtained by naturally fermenting cow dung by breeding earthworms, drying fermented material and granulating to obtain granules. In sealed anaerobic fermentation process, the material is turned for 1-2 times, until the surface appears white mycelium with wine flavor. The step (c) is performed by mixing fermented product with polyacrylamide and stored, where the storage time should not be too long. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Microorganism: The B.subtilis is B.subtilis L1-2013-02 (CGMCC NO: 7926). ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 800-1000 pts. wt. phosphate mixture, 3-5 pts. wt. fermented bacteria, and 10-20 pts. wt. urea. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Method: The step (b) involves adding farmyard manure comprising manure of chickens, ducks, pigs, and cattle and/or straw, preferably manure of chickens, ducks, pigs, and cattle, to the pit. The method involves initially diluting the manure of chickens, ducks, pigs, and cattle in water, and adding to the pit. The method involves initially cutting the straw or crushing the straw, and adding the crushed product to the tank. The step (d) involves carrying out mulching process and covering the pit using film (thickness of 10-20 cm). The method involves fermenting the product for 5-9 months.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding soybean oil into a three-mouth flask and then heating in water bath, adding calcium-base magnetic solid alkali catalyst into a mixed solution of methanol into the flask and then stirring, refluxing, reacting, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging in a centrifuge and transferring to a separating funnel, distilling the separated mixture to recycle the methanol using gas phase chromatography, and adding solid catalyst and then washing with methanol and glycerol and drying. Preferred Components: The content of the catalyst is 0.5-3%. The reacting step is carried out at 50-80 degrees C for 2-6 hours. The mole ratio of the methanol and soybean oil is 6:1 to 18:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Process; activating sludge bacteria for 2-3 days, initial domestication, adding bacteria during domestication, and 3-4 days into post-domestication. Increasing biochemical pool outside reflux ratio to 90-110% in early domestication, suspending and discharging sludge. Adding carbon sources or trace elements during domestication period. Adding nutrients in domestication period of biochemical pool. Preferred Composition: Increasing domesticated strain in sludge at 10%/day during sludge age control at 13-20 days. Dissolved oxygen is 1.5-4.5 mg/L. Carbon sources is selected from methanol or sodium ethoxide. Trace element is ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Component: The vegetable stump is prepared from eggplant, canola and cabbage at mass ratio of 2:4:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of sludge and green waste is 2-4:1, preferably 3:1. The green waste is branch. The branch has thickness of 2-10 mm, diameter of 5 cm, and mass fraction of water of 10-25%. The concentration of the sludge in water is 60-85%. The concentration of the volatile solid is 40-80%. Preferred Method: The method involves mixing sludge and green waste in a mass ratio of 2-4:1, preferably 3:1, obtaining the mixture, monitoring temperature in compost process, and reducing temperature to to 30 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The multi-source bio-fertilizer comprises 120 or 110 parts weight wheat straw powder, 35 or 40 parts weight manure, 14 or 17 parts weight rooting agent, 80 or 80 parts weight soybean straw powder, 15 or 15 parts weight glucose, 8 or 6 parts weight urea, 2 or 3 parts weight ammonium sulfate, 45 or 45 parts weight FCMP, 23 or 26 parts weight SSP, 7 or 7 parts weight potassium chloride, 6 or 5 parts weight zinc sulfate, 3 or 4 parts weight ferrous sulfate, 2 or 2 parts weight borax, 5 or 15 parts weight herbal mixture, 2 or 3 parts weight copper, 3 or 2 parts weight manganese sulfate, and 18 or 17 parts weight microbial agent. The herbal mixture comprises 12 or 24 parts weight Masson pine leaves, 20 or 30 parts weight neem, 16 or 27 parts weight garlic, 6 or 13 parts weight pumpkin seeds, 10 or 20 parts weight tallow leaves, 10 or 20 parts weight odorata, 10 or 20 parts weight Eupatorium, 10 or 20 parts weight guayule, 15 or 26 parts weight Sophora, 1 or 5 parts weight gall, 20 or 30 parts weight Houttuynia cordata, and 18 or 26 parts weight folium artemisiae argyi. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The fertilizer comprises 120 pts. wt. or 110 pts. wt. wheat straw powder, 35 pts. wt. or 40 pts. wt. chicken manure, 14 pts. wt. or 17 pts. wt. root stimulating agent, 80 pts. wt. soybean straw powder, 15 pts. wt. glucose, 8 pts. wt. or 6 pts. wt. urea, 4 pts. wt. PK fertilizer, 2 pts. wt. or 3 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 45 pts. wt. or 45 pts. wt. calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 23 pts. wt. or 26 pts. wt. calcium superphosphate, 7 pts. wt. potassium chloride, 6 pts. wt. or 5 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 3 pts. wt. or 4 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, 2 pts. wt. borax, 23 pts. wt. or 26 pts. wt. peanut shell powder, 2 pts. wt. or 3 pts. wt. copper sulfate, 3 pts. wt. or 2 pts. wt. manganese sulfate, and 18 pts. wt. or 17 pts. wt. microbial agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - AGRICULTURE - Preferred Composition: The composition comprises 96 pts. wt. or 93 pts. wt. wheat straw powder, 48 pts. wt. or 45 pts. wt. bean straw powder, 9 pts. wt. or 10 pts. wt. root stimulating agent, 40 pts. wt. pig manure, 18 pts. wt. or 15 pts. wt. potassium fulvate, 8 pts. wt. or 6 pts. wt. urea, 75 pts. wt. soybean straw powder, 2 pts. wt. or 3 pts. wt. ammonium sulfate, 30 pts. wt. calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20 pts. wt. or 15 pts. wt. sweet potato powder, 7 pts. wt. Lotus root starch, 6 pts. wt. or 5 pts. wt. zinc sulfate, 3 pts. wt. or 4 pts. wt. ferrous sulfate, 2 pts. wt. borax, 25 pts. wt. or 30 pts. wt. peanut shell powder, 2 pts. wt. or 3 pts. wt. copper sulfate, 2 pts. wt. or 1 pts. wt. sugarcane powder and 8 pts. wt. or 9 pts. wt. microbial agent. ACTIVITY - Fertilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Amount of methanol is 10-25 vol.%, preferably 15-20 vol.%. Amount of cosolvent is 4-9 vol.%, preferably 6-7 vol.%. Component in diesel oil component oil is 14-20 carbon-containing alkane. Cetane number improver is ethylhexyl nitrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Mixed hydrogen gas fuel contains 20 vol.% hydrogen, 75 vol.% methane, 1 vol.% carbon monoxide, and balance tail gas. Preferred Processes: Purifying is performed by dehydration, tar removal, desulfurization, deamination, debenzolization, and naphthalene removal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Hydrogen mixed gas fuel contains 55 vol.% hydrogen, 28 vol.% methane, 5 vol.% carbon monoxide, and balance coke oven tail gas. Hydrogen mixed gas fuel after methanation contains 25-51 vol.%, preferably 30 vol.% hydrogen, 24-65 vol.%, preferably 62 vol.% methane, and balance tail gas. Preferred Processes: Purifying is performed by dehydration, tar removal, desulfurization, deamination, debenzolization, and naphthalene removal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The primary crushing and secondary crushing material have particle size of 10-15 meshes. Preferred Composition: The long fiber is straw fiber or rubber branch fiber.