TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The lithium battery further comprises a separator disposed between the positive electrode and negative electrode. The positive and negative electrodes each comprises lithium metal. The reduction potential of the organic solvent in a liquid state with respect to the lithium metal is less than or equal to -0.5 V. The viscosity of the organic solvent is less than or equal to 0.02 Px second at a concentration of the lithium salt of less than or equal to 1.5 moles/l and at a temperature of 21 degrees C. The ionic conductivity of the organic solvent is greater than or equal to 0.18 mS/cm at a concentration of the lithium salt of less than or equal to 1.5 moles/l or less and at a temperature of 21 degrees C. The positive electrode is free of titanium disulfide, lithium manganese dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, cobalt sulfide (CoS)x (where x is greater than 0.8 to less than 4.5), nickel sulfide (NiSx), vanadium oxide (V3O16), iron sulfide and iron disulfide. The positive electrode comprises air as a positive electrode material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is at least one of lithium bis(fluoro sulfonyl) imide (Li(FSO2)2N), lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide (Li(CF3SO2)2N), lithium bis(1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-hydrosulfonylethane)imide (Li(C2F5SO2)2N, sulfonyl containing lithium nitride compounds of formula LiN(CpF2p+1SO2)(CqF2q+1SO2), LiN((SO2)2CrF2r or LiN(C6F5SO2)(CrF2r+1SO2), sulfonyl containing lithium compounds of formula (Li(C10F7SO2)(CrF2r+1SO2)), (Li(C6F5SO2)2N), (Li(C10F7SO2)2N), Li(C6F5SO2)(C10F7SO2)N or LiC4F9SO3, lithium bis(1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-hydrosulfonylbenzene)imide, , lithium trifluoromethanesulfonylmethide, lithium tetraphenyl borate (Li(C6H5)4B) and lithium bisoxalatoborate.p, q = 1-20; andr = 1-10.The molecular weight of the polymer is 1x 105-1x 107. The diameter of the insulating inorganic filler is less than or equal to 100 nm. The inorganic filler is: present at less than or equal to 10 wt.% based on a total weight of the polymer and the inorganic filler; and at least one of silicon dioxide, barium titanate, titanium dioxide, aluminum trioxide or lithium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is at least one of 1,4-dioxane, triethylamine, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, diglyme, triglyme, tetrahydropyran, diisopropyl ether, tetraglyme, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydroffiran, 2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, o-dimethoxybenzene, diethyl carbonate, tetraglyme, anisole, dimethyl carbonate, N,N-diethyl acetamide and tetramethylurea.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is at least one of polyethylene oxide, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene-fluoride and polymethylmethacrylate.