TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: introducing the nanoparticle aerosol into a diffusion pump from the low pressure reactor, heating the capture fluid in a reservoir to form a vapor and sending the vapor through a jet assembly, emitting the vapor through a nozzle into a chamber of the diffusion pump and condensing the vapor to form a condensate comprising the capture fluid, flowing the condensate back to the reservoir, and capturing the MX-functional nanoparticles of the aerosol in the condensate comprising the capture fluid; converting a functional group Z to a hydrophilic functional group; separating the nanoparticles and the capture fluid to obtain separated nanoparticles; and suspending the separated nanoparticles in a polar solvent including water and a dipolar aprotic organic solvent. The step of forming the nanoparticle aerosol comprises applying a preselected high frequency or very high frequency radio frequency having a continuous frequency of 10-500 MHz and a coupled power of 5-1000 W to a reactant gas mixture in a plasma reactor having a reactant gas inlet and an outlet having an aperture to generate a plasma for a time sufficient to form the nanoparticle aerosol comprising MX-functional nanoparticles in the gas. Preferred Components: The compound is organic compound including an alcohol compound, a thiol compound, a cyanate compound, an amine compound, an azide compound, a nitrile compound, a carboxylic acid compound, a sulfide compound, an amide compound, a phosphine compound, a metal halide compound, a terminal alkyne compound, an organometallic compound, an alkali metal amide compound, or a metal thiolate compound. The compound further comprises at least one functional group Z in addition to Y1, where Z is convertible to a hydrophilic functional group. The functional group Y1 is an aliphatic carbon-carbon multiple bond, and is a nucleophilic functional group reactive with the halogen atom of the nanoparticles. The reactant gas mixture comprises 0.1-50 vol.% of a first precursor gas containing M, and at least one inert gas. The functional group Z convertible to the hydrophilic functional group is an ester functional group, an acid halide functional group, an amide functional group, a nitrile functional group, a silyl ether functional group, an epoxide functional group, a disulfide functional group, an ethylenically unsaturated group, an oxazoline functional group, or an anhydride functional group. The compound further comprises a hydrophilic functional group different from Y1 and is a carboxylic acid functional group, an alcohol functional group, a hydroxy functional group, an azide functional group, a silyl ether functional group, an ether functional group, a phosphonate functional group, a sulfonate functional group, a thiol functional group, an amine functional group, or an anhydride functional group. The compound further comprises a butoxycarbonyl group. The separated nanoparticles are solid. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.