TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supercritical fluid includes at least one of supercritical carbon dioxide and supercritical water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The thermochemical reaction chamber includes: a multi-stage single thermochemical reaction chamber, where the thermal energy transfer system is configured to transfer multiple portions of the supercritical fluid across multiple temperature ranges to the volume of feedstock contained within the multi-stage single thermochemical reaction chamber to perform a set of thermochemical reaction processes on the portion of the volume of feedstock; at least one pyrolysis reaction chamber; and at least one of a fluidized bed reactor, a supercritical liquefaction reactor and a supercritical pyrolysis reactor. The thermal energy transfer system is configured to: selectably intermix the supercritical fluid with the volume of feedstock contained within the thermochemical reaction chamber in order to selectably transfer thermal energy from the heat source to the portion of the volume of feedstock; transfer a first portion of the supercritical fluid in a first temperature range to the volume of feedstock contained within the single thermochemical reaction chamber to perform a drying process on the portion of the volume of feedstock; transfer a second portion of the supercritical fluid in a second temperature range to the volume of feedstock contained within the single thermochemical reaction chamber to perform a pre-heating process on the portion of the volume of feedstock; supply a third portion of the supercritical fluid in a second temperature range to the volume of feedstock contained within the single thermochemical reaction chamber to perform a liquefaction process on the portion of the volume of feedstock; supply a fourth portion of the supercritical fluid in a fourth temperature range to the volume of feedstock contained within the single thermochemical reaction chamber to perform an extraction process on the portion of the volume of feedstock to remove at least one oxygenated compound from the portion of the feedstock; and supply a fifth portion of the supercritical fluid in a fifth temperature range to the volume of feedstock contained within the single thermochemical reaction chamber to perform a pyrolysis process on the portion of the volume of feedstock. The thermal energy transfer system includes: a direct heat exchange system configured to transfer thermal energy directly from the heat source to the volume of the supercritical fluid of the heat transfer element; an indirect heat exchange system including an intermediate heat transfer element configured to transfer thermal energy from the heat source to the intermediate heat transfer element, where the intermediate heat transfer element is further configured to transfer thermal energy from the intermediate heat transfer element to the volume of the supercritical fluid; and a flow control system for selectably placing the volume of the supercritical fluid in thermal communication with at least a portion of the volume of feedstock contained within the thermochemical reaction chamber in order to selectably transfer thermal energy from the heat source to the portion of the volume of feedstock contained within thermochemical reaction chamber. The pyrolysis reaction chamber includes at least one fast pyrolysis reaction. The thermochemical conversion system is: a multi-stage thermochemical conversion system including at least one pyrolysis chamber and at least one additional treatment chamber; and further configured to produce diatomic hydrogen using the volatile gas from the volatile gas separator. The additional treatment chamber includes at least one of a feedstock dryer, a pre-heater, a pre-hydrotreating chamber, a liquefaction chamber and an extraction chamber. The apparatus further comprises: a separator unit operably coupled to the thermochemical reaction chamber and configured to separate at least one material from the supercritical fluid exiting the thermochemical reaction chamber; an electrical generation system in fluidic communication with the thermochemical reaction chamber and configured to receive the supercritical fluid from the thermochemical reaction chamber and generate electricity with the supercritical fluid following conversion of at least a portion of the feedstock to the reaction product; a hydrogen generation system coupled to the electrical output of the electrical generation system; a quenching system in fluidic communication with the chemical reaction chamber; a treatment system configured to generate at least one refined product by treating the reaction product; and a volatile gas separator configured to separate at least one volatile gas from the reaction product. The heat source includes at least one nuclear reactor. The electrical generation system is electrically coupled to a portion of at least one of the thermochemical conversion system and the thermal energy transfer system and configured to augment the thermochemical conversion system with at least a portion of the generated electricity.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step of performing thermal decomposition process includes: performing a pyrolysis reaction process on the volume of feedstock with the thermal energy transferred from the volume of supercritical fluid to the volume of the feedstock in order to form at least one reaction product; and performing a liquefaction process on the volume of feedstock with the thermal energy transferred from the volume of supercritical fluid to the volume of the feedstock in order to form at least one reaction product. The performing a pyrolysis reaction process on the volume of feedstock includes performing a fast pyrolysis reaction process at a temperature of 350-600 degrees C on the volume of feedstock with the thermal energy transferred from the volume of supercritical fluid to the volume of the feedstock in order to form at least one reaction product, where the feedstock includes a carbonaceous material (105) including at least one of coal, biomass, mixed-source biomaterial, plastic, refuse, and landfill waste. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.