TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second surfaces are either on a common plane or not on a common plane. The first surface and the second surface are either planar or non-planar. The first portion of the second graphene layer overlays: a portion of the top surface of the first graphene layer; or the entire top surface of the first graphene layer. The second graphene layer further comprises a third portion overlaying a third surface in the surfaces in the first zone, where the third surface is adjacent to the first surface in the first zone, and a second intermediate portion connecting the first portion and the third portion of the second graphene layer. The first graphene stack comprises a third graphene layer overlying a third surface in the surfaces which is adjacent to the second surface in the first zone, and the second graphene layer further comprises a third portion overlaying a top surface of the third graphene layer and a third intermediate portion connecting the second portion and the fourth portion of the second graphene layer. The second graphene layer has a concave shape. The first graphene stack further comprises at least one graphene layer overlaying the second graphene layer, where the graphene layer are either planar or non-planar. The first graphene stack comprises a third graphene layer, where the third graphene layer comprises a first portion overlaying the second graphene layer, a second portion overlaying a third surface in the surfaces in the first zone and the third surface is adjacent to the second surface, and an intermediate portion connecting the first and second portions of the third graphene layers. The first graphene stack further comprises at least one graphene layer overlaying the third graphene layer. In the graphite-based device: an outer graphene layer in the first graphene stack covers an inner graphene layer in the first graphene stack, where the inner graphene layer in the first graphene stack is planar or non-planar; and an outermost graphene layer in the first graphene stack covers all the inner graphene layers in the first graphene stack, and one graphene layer in the first graphene stack has a portion overhanging, abutting or joining another adjacent graphene layer in the first graphene stack. The one graphene layer in the first graphene stack is separated from the another adjacent graphene layer in the first graphene stack by a boundary condition at an abutting or joining intersection. The first graphene stack comprises a graphene layer with a characteristic dimension of 1-500 nm. In the graphite-based device, at least two graphene layers in the graphene layers have the same thickness or different thicknesses, and a graphene layer in the first graphene stack consists of one graphene sheet or 2-100 graphene sheets or over 100 graphene sheets. The substrate is a non-patterned substrate or a patterned substrate. The substrate comprises: a semiconducting material, glass, sapphire, aluminum oxide, a metallic slug or a flexible material; silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, boron nitride, gallium arsenide or molybdenum sulfide; and many layers, where each respective layer in the layers is made of a corresponding material.