TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Transition metal oxide is single transition metal oxide and/or multi-transition metal oxide in which single transition metal oxide is copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), and/or iron (Fe), preferably cupric oxide (CuO), nickel oxide (NiO), manganese oxide (MnO), cobalt oxide (Co3O4), and/or ferric oxide (Fe2O3), and multi-transition metal oxide is Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, V, Ti and/or Fe, preferably of formula CuaCobNicZndMneFe2O4. Mineralizing agent is sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, acetate, nitrate, chlorate, and/or sulfate, preferably sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, and/or sodium sulfate. Reactor is normal atmospheric pressure or high pressure reactor. Mass ratio of raw material silicon and transition metal oxide catalyst is 50:1-5:1, preferably 30:1-10:1, and mass ratio of transition metal oxide catalyst and mineralizing agent is 10:1-1:5, preferably 8:1-1:3.a+b+c+d+e=1; anda, b, c, d, e=0-1.Preferred Conditions: High pressure reactor reaction pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1 MPa, preferably 0.1-2 MPa, high pressure reactor reaction temperature is 100-500 degrees C, preferably 150-250 degrees C, and high pressure reactor reaction time is greater than or equal to 2 hours, preferably 36-120 hours. Preferred Forms: Raw material silicon has shape of flake and/or granular, and crystal form of amorphous, monocrystalline, and/or polycrystalline. Preferred Processes: Porous silicon material is prepared by dispersing transition metal oxide and mineralizing agent in organic solvent, reacting with raw material silicon in reactor at 100-500 degrees C and 0.1-2 MPa for 36-120 hours, cooling to room temperature, washing surface of silicon transition metal oxide material with deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment in hydrochloric acid to remove residual transition metal oxide, washing with deionized water, stirring in sodium hydroxide solution, washing with deionized water, and drying. Preferred Parameters: Porous silicon material has uniform pore size, evenly distributed pore structure which is controllable and adjustable, and pore diameter of 2 nm-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Organic solvent is alcohol, aldehyde, lipid, benzene, and/or organic acid solvent, preferably ethylene glycol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, ethyl acetate, ethylenedioxy acid ethyl ester, toluene, xylene, formic acid, and/or acetic acid which contains 0-70 wt.% deionized water.