TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The selenium compound is chosen from selenium/metal oxide composite, selenium/carbon composite and/or selenium/conductive polymer composite. The metal oxide is chosen from manganese oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, tin oxide and/or tungsten oxide. The selenium/carbon composite is chosen from selenium/porous carbon composite, selenium/carbon nanotube composite, selenium/graphene composite, selenium/carbon black composite, selenium/graphite composite and/or selenium/mesophase carbon composite microspheres. The carbon material is mesoporous carbon, microporous carbon, and/or hierarchical porous carbon material. Graphite is chosen from natural graphite, artificial graphite, and/or modified graphite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is chosen from polypyrrole, polyaniline, polyacetylene, polyphenylene vinylene and/or polythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyimide resin film further contains polyimide resin containing structural unit of formula (VII), or formula (X).A'=bivalent organic group(s) of formula (VIII) or formula (IX);R4-R6, R7-R9=H, 1-10C alkyl, or 1-10C haloalkyl;p,n=natural number;andB'=bivalent aromatic group of formulae (XI) or (XII), or aliphatic group.Preferred Process: The polyimide resin is produced by carrying out the chemical imidation of the polyimide precursor. Preferred Properties: The polyimide resin film has light transmittance of 70% or more at wavelength of 400nm, and has a linear expansion coefficient of 60 ppm/K or less, preferably 5-35 ppm/K. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3, R7-R9=1-10C haloalkyl;and    A, B'=bivalent group of formulae (IV)-(VI).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive material contains carbon powder or metal powder. The amount of electroconductive material contained in the paste is 5-50 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin components.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The electroconductive base material is made from aluminum, aluminum alloy, or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is chosen from epoxy-type crosslinking agent, melamine-type crosslinking agent, isocyanate-type crosslinking agent, polyoxyalkylene-type crosslinking agent, and carbodiimide-type crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin-type emulsion particles contain a resin chosen from polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, and polypropylene-polyethylene copolymerization resin. The amount of paste contained in the resin layer is 0.05-5 g/m2. Preferred Property: The gel fraction of the resin layer is 50-95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Me of composite is chosen from nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, iron, vanadium, aluminum, magnesium and titanium. M of composite is chosen from manganese, titanium and zirconium. The content of composite is 60-97 wt.% with respect to total weight of cathode active material composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is chosen from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), polyaniline and/or polypyrrole. The binder is chosen from polyvinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinylidenefluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonation ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene butylene rubber and/or fluorine rubber. The cathode active material composition further contains a conductive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The portion of the outer surface of at least one of the impeller, the shaft, or the interior magnets is coated with a chemical resistant coating, a polymer, polyetrafluoroethylene, Teflon (RTM: non-stick coating), Delrin (RTM: acetal resin), noryl resin, or any combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: In partial film (A), the plasticizer-containing polyvinyl acetal comprises 17-22 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol. In partial film (B), the plasticizer-containing polyvinyl acetal comprises 11-14 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol. The plasticizer content of partial film (A) and partial film (B) is 20-27 wt.% and 30-38 wt.%, respectively. The polyvinyl acetate content of partial films (A and B) is each 0.1-11 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is selected from glass, molybdenum-coated glass, silicon/silicon dioxide, metal foil, molybdenum foil, polyimide (Kapton) sheet, and molybdenum-coated polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The positive active material comprises at least one solid-solution oxide of compounds of formulae (LiaMnxCoyNizO2) (I), (LiMnx1Coy1Niz1O2) (II) and (LiMn(1.5)Ni(0.5)O4) (III). The protection film-forming material is: present in an amount of 0.1-6 wt.% (preferably 0.3-2 wt.%) or 10-90 wt.%; (IV)-(VI); and a material that forms a protection film at an interface between the positive active material layer, the porous layer and the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution comprises a lithium salt, solvent and an additive.a = 1.150-1.430;x = 0.45-0.6;y = 0.10-0.15;z = 0.20-0.28;x1 = 0.3-0.85; andy1, z1 = 0.10-0.3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises a negative-functioning compound, a positive-functioning compound, an ester-based compound, a carbonate ester-based compound, a sulfuric acid ester-based compound, a phosphoric acid ester based compound, a boric acid ester-based compound, an acid anhydride-based compound and/or an electrolyte-based compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protection film comprises a polymer formed by polymerization of the protection film-forming material.
EXAMPLE - Standard plastic laminating sheet with 75 mu m thick was coated with directly electroplateable resins (DER) in a pattern of repetitive fingers joined along one end with a buss-like structure resulting in an article. The fingers were 0.02 inch wide, 1.625 inch long and the repetitive intervening spaces were 0.15 inch wide. The buss-like structure which contacted the fingers extended in a direction perpendicular to the fingers. The buss-like structure had a width of 0.25 inch. Both the finger pattern and buss-like structure were printed simultaneously using the same DER ink and using silk screen printing. The DER printing pattern was applied to the laminating sheet surface formed by the sealing layer (i.e. that surface facing to the inside of the standard sealing pouch). The finger/buss pattern thus produced on the lamination sheet was then electroplated with nickel in a standard Watts nickel bath at a current density of 50 amps./sq. ft. Then, 4 mu m of nickel thickness was deposited to the overall pattern. A photovoltaic cell having surface dimensions of 1.75 inch wide by 2.0625 inch long was used. This cell was a copper-indium-gallium-selenide semiconductor type deposited on a 0.001 inch stainless steel substrate. A section of the laminating sheet containing the electroplated buss/finger pattern was then applied to the top, light incident side of the cell, with the electroplated grid finger extending in the width direction (1.75 inch dimension) of the cell. The electroplated finger/buss on the lamination film was applied to the photovoltaic cell using a standard Xerox office laminator. The resulting completed cell showed good appearance and connection.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (D) contains compounds chosen from 2-undecyl imidazole, 2-heptadecyl imidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, and 1-benzyl 2-phenylimidazole. The content of component (A) is 75-85 wt.%. The total content of curing agent and thermosetting agent is 14-24.1 wt.%. The content of component (D) is 0.5-3 wt.% with respect to total content of curing agent and fat. The content of component (E) is 0.1-1 wt.%. The content of component (F) is 0.5-1.5 wt.%. The range of the hydroxy group equivalent in component (C) to epoxy group equivalent of epoxy resin is 0.8-1.2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (B) contains substance chosen from bisphenol-type epoxy resin, biphenyl-type epoxy resin, and phenol aralkyl-type epoxy resin having biphenylene skeleton. The resin composition further contains component (E) and component (F). The component (F) comprises epoxy silane coupling agent. The component (E) comprises internal mold release agent which phase-separates with thermosetting resin and curing agent at 120-190 degrees C, and is chosen from polyethylene wax, carnauba wax, and wax of long-chain-fatty-acid group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process is conducted in a dipolar aprotic solvent which is an ionic liquid, preferably 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The process comprises generating the metal complex of the N-heterocyclic carbene. The step of generating the metal complex of N-heterocyclic carbene comprises reacting a nitrogen heterocycle salt with a base in the presence of a salt of the metal, where the base is potassium tertiary-butoxide. The process additionally comprises isolating the hydroxymethyl furfural. In the process: when the saccharide is fructose and the yield of hydroxymethyl furfural is greater than 80%, and the saccharide is glucose and the yield of hydroxymethyl furfural is greater than 70%; the metal complex of the N-heterocyclic carbene is recycled following removal of the hydroxymethyl furfural from the reaction mixture; the reacting step is conducted in an ionic liquid, where the ionic liquid is recycled following removal of the hydroxymethyl furfural from the reaction mixture; and the recycling step comprises heating the reaction mixture following removal of the hydroxymethyl furfural from for sufficient time to remove volatile substances from the mixture. Preferred Components: The saccharide comprises a monosaccharide which comprises fructose and/or glucose or a mixture of these. The N-heterocyclic carbene is a monomeric N-heterocyclic carbene or a polymeric N-heterocyclic carbene. The metal complex is a transition metal complex which is a chromium complex. The metal complex of the N-heterocyclic carbene is a metal complex of an N-imidazole carbene. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoemissive material is preferably cesium-tellurium complex (Cs2TeC2) or cesium-palladium complex (Cs2PdC2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The A-layer and/or B-layer contains filler such as titanium oxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, and/or talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Melting point of random polypropylene (a) is less than or equal to 135 degrees C. Light reflectance in 555 nm is greater than or equal to 85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium compound is selected from lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, citrate, lithium oxalate, lithium formate, lithium or isopropyl lithium alkoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The small organic molecules a carbon precursor is selected from glucose, sucrose, urea, tartaric acid, oxalic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The organic macromolecule polymer carbon source precursor is selected from polyethylene alcohol, alcohol, soluble starch, polyethylene glycol or phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal is chosen from ruthenium, platinum, osmium, palladium and iridium. The chalcogen element is chosen from selenium, sulfur, polonium and tellurium. The carbon carrier is Vulcan XC-72 (RTM: carbon black), carbon nanotubes, fullerene, carbon nanowire, porous carbon, and/or carbon capsule.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The titanium dioxide is anatase titanium dioxide. A material of electronic buffer layer is selected from lithium fluoride, lithium carbonate and caesium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: A material of activity layer is a mixture of poly-3-hexylthiophene and methyl butyrate fullerene derivative according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.8-1: 4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is the stainless steel, carbon steel, iron-chromium group alloy, iron-copper group alloy, aluminum based metallurgy, titanium group metal, polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate. The bottom electrode layer is selected from the molybdenum, nickle, copper, niobium, silicon, titanium, tungsten, chromium, zinc, aluminum and tin. The buffer layer is the cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and zinc selenide. The transparent electrode layer is the zinc oxide, indium tin oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The layer of metal comprises a noble metal. The layer of metal comprises Au, Pt, or Ag. The layer of transparent conductor is selected from carbon nanotubes, metal nanowires, combustion synthesized indium-tin oxide, and conductive polymer. The compound that promotes sintering is selected from cadmium halide, a chloride containing salt, and a chloride containing compound. The small coordinating molecule is pyridine and where the compound that promotes sintering is ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or trimethylsilyl chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The layer of transparent conductor is selected from conductive polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method is carried out in the absence of air. The step (i) is carried out in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The method further comprises depositing an intermediate conductive layer made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate between the steps (i) and (ii). The step (ii) is carried out in a glove box under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen or argon, and is carried out by spin coating. The step (iii) is carried out in a tubular furnace, at a temperature of 30-150 degrees C for 1 minute to 24 hours. The step (iv) is carried out by drying process, preferably chemical vapor deposition at an evaporation rate of less than 1 Angstrom /s, preferably less than or equal to 0.1 Angstrom /s, at a temperature of 80-120 degrees C and a pressure of 10-4 to 10-8 mbar for 2-4 hours. The step (v) is carried out in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber and by a drying process at an evaporation rate of less than or equal to 3 Angstrom /s, preferably 0.1-2 Angstrom /s. Preferred Components: The film comprising (I) has a thickness of less than 45 nm, preferably less than or equal to 15 nm. The substrate is an isolating substrate such as glass or polymers or a conductive substrate such as metal oxide. The cathode electrode layer is made of aluminum, gold, calcium, copper, samarium, platinum, palladium, chromium, cobalt or iridium. The substrate is glass, plastic or indium oxide doped with tin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photosensitive active layer is made of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl): (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester. Preferred Definitions:    X1, X2 = O, S, or Se; and    R1-R4 = phenyl (preferred), naphthyl, anthracyl, benzoxazolyl, thiophenyl or alkoxy-thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidyl, triazyle, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, indyl, indazolyl, quinolyl or quinoxalyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An active metal component contained in the electrodeposition solution comprises platinum, gold, and/or iridium. The metal shell includes tetraamine platinum chloride, chloroplatinic acid, chloroauric acid, and/or iridium chloride. The complexing agent includes citric acid or EDTA. The conductive additive is sodium. The concentration of active metal component is 5-50 mM. The catalyst comprises 50-80% carbon support, 10-40% nuclear metal or alloy and 3-15% active metal or alloy shell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Lithium ion battery exterior material contains 3rd contact bonding layer containing adhesive resin (E) chosen from phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, polyvinyl type-resin, polyolefin resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, and polystyrene resin. Plasticizer (C) is chosen from phthalate ester plasticizer, aromatic-carboxylic-acid-ester-type plasticizer, aliphatic dibasic-acid-ester type plasticizer, aliphatic ester plasticizer, phosphate ester type plasticizer, epoxy-type plasticizer, chlorine containing type plasticizer, polyester plasticizer, glycol-type plasticizer and sugar-alcohol type plasticizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide is titanium dioxide. The dielectric material includes titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymer resin is polystyrene. The additive includes 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and/or guanidinium thiocyanate (GSCN). The solid electrolyte is the N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinuim iodide (P1,4I)-doped succinonitrile plastic crystal electrolyte. Preferred Method: The 2-step feeding method comprises: (i) introducing a solution to dissolve 0.1-1 M tBP and 0.05-0.5 M GSCN as an additive, (ii) forming photo-electrode structure by heating the introduced solution at 50-80 degrees c for 5-12 hours to remove solvent, and (iii) introducing solid electrolyte to the obtained photo-electrode structure by heating at 70-120 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester film comprises 95 mol% or more glycol unit as structural unit derived from butanediol and 95 mol% or more dicarboxylic acid unit as structural unit derived from terephthalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The internal haze and surface haze of polyester film is 10-70% and 2-20%, respectively. The thickness of polyester film is 15-40 mu m. Preferred Composition: The polyester film is laminated structure comprising polyester (A) layer and polyester (B) layer, in which particle concentration of polyester (B) layer is less than polyester (A) layer. The polyester film further comprises metal foil and sealant layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Device: The device comprises: iptycene-based compound comprising an iptycene core and at least one heterocyclyl or heteroaryl moiety bonded to the iptycene core, where the heterocyclyl or heteroaryl moiety is substituted with at least one electron- withdrawing group and the iptycene-based compound exhibits a solid state singlet-triplet energy gap of less than or equal to 1 kcal/mol. The device further comprises two electrodes constructed and arranged to be in electrochemical communication.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The compound comprises at least one optionally substituted optionally substituted heteroaryl moiety rigidly bonded to the iptycene core; comprises at least one carbazole moiety. The compound is selected from 8 compounds as given in the specification e.g. a compound of formula (I) or (II). The compound is bonded to a polymer; is dispersed within a polymer.R1-R20=H, halo, OH, amino, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbonyl (all optionally substituted);orany two adjacent groups of R1-R20=optionally substituted heterocyclic group or at least one optionally substituted heteroaryl group.Provided that two adjacent groups of R1-R20 are joined together to form at least one optionally substituted heterocyclic group or at least one optionally substituted heteroaryl group. Preferred Components: The heterocyclyl or heteroaryl moiety defines at least a portion of the iptycene core. The heterocyclyl or heteroaryl moiety is rigidly bonded to the iptycene core. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material is selected from a group consisting of resin, polyethylene, butyl rubber and ethylene propylene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic base is chosen from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and/or tetrahydrofuran. The organic palladium is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The organic phosphine ligand is tri-tert-butylphosphine, tri-o-tolylphosphine or dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxy-2-biphenylyl)phosphine. The molar ratio of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand is 1:4-1:8. The molar ratio of catalyst and compound (II) is 1:20-1:100. The molar ratio of inorganic base and compound (II) is 1:50-1:20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Suzuki coupling reaction of pyrrole derivative of formula (II) and pyrrolidione derivative of formula (III) is carried out in presence of catalyst, organic solvent and inorganic base, to obtain polymer (I). The molar ratio of compound (II) and compound (III) is 1:1-1:1.2. The catalyst is organic palladium, or mixture of organic phosphine ligand and palladium. Preferred Process: The preparation of polymer (I) further involves adding methanol into the reaction solution, precipitating, filtering, washing the obtained solid using methanol and n-hexane, then extracting using chloroform, and evaporating solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polymer compound (I) has repeating unit chosen from 1-(4-(3-(4-((4-tert-butylphenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-2,4-dione, 9-(4-(3-(4-((4-tert-butylphenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-9H-purin-6-amine, 1-(4-(3-(4-((4-tert-butylphenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidine-2,4-dione, 4-amino-1-(4-(3-(4-((4-tert-butylphenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-1,2-dihydro-2-one or 2-amino-9-(4-(3-(4-((4-tert-butylphenyl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one. Preferred Definitions:    A,B=triphenylamine, carbazole, thiophene, fluorenyl or p-phenylene vinylene (all substituted with 1-15C alkyl or 6-10C aryl);and    C=group of formulae (i)-(ix).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous alkali solution is chosen from sodium hydroxide solution, aqueous sodium carbonate solution, aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst comprises tetrakis (triphenylphosphine)palladium and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride in the molar ratio of 1:2-20. The usage amount of catalyst is 0.01-20 %mass with respect to total content of compound (A) and compound (B). The solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethyl amide, benzene and toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The perylene tetracarboxylic diimide-perylene bithiophene copolymer (I) is obtained by reacting bromine-containing compound of formula (A) and anthracene compound of formula (B) in the molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 under inert atmosphere, adding catalyst and solvent in alkali solution and performing Suzuki coupling reaction at 50-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours. Preferred Process: The method further involves purification process performed using sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate and chromatography process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble iron source is ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, ferrous sulfate, iron acetate and/or iron oxalate. The phosphorus source is phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate or ammonium phosphate. The lithium source is lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium sulfate, lithium oxalate or lithium acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide and/or carboxymethyl cellulose. The nano-level iron phosphate preparation utilizes surfactant, soluble iron source, phosphorus source and soluble solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: The particles of precursor mixture are heated at 500-800 degrees C for 5-10 hours. The final heating temperature is 500-800 degrees C and time is 0.5-5 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The obtained product has a tap density of 1.5 g/cc or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Carbon precursor (I) is thermoplastic polymer, water-soluble hydrocarbon compound, graphite, carbon black, conductive fiber, metal powder, conductive metal oxide, conductive polymer, metal (compound), natural polymer, and/or water-soluble polymer. Carbon precursor (II) is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polypropylene, glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, starch, and/or cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano silica has particle size of 10-90 nm. The UV absorber is inorganic nanopowder, preferably titanium dioxide nanopowder, zinc oxide nanopowder, and/or ferric oxide nanopowder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is stannous octoate, dibutyl-bis(2-ethylhexanoate)tin, dibutyltin dilaurate, or tin compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylic resin has hydroxy value of 110-160 mg potassium hydroxide (KOH)/g hydroxy acrylic resin. The polyester resin has hydroxy value of 120-180 mg KOH/g linear saturated polyester resin. The epoxy resin has hydroxy value of 90-130 mg KOH/g. The weight ratio of first and second components is 2-6:1. The ratio of hydroxy content in first component to isocyanate content in second component is 1-1.5:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Concentration ratio of resin solution:talcum powder:flatting agent:dispersant:nano-polyaniline fiber is 45-65:10-7:2.5-3.5:1.5-2.5:40-20 pts. wt.; concentration ratio xylene:cyclohexanone:butanol is 16-14:4.5-2.5:1-2 pts. wt. Flatting agent is 415 flatting agent. Dispersant is BYK104 dispersant. Resin is AC1100 polyurethane resin, fluorocarbon resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, and/or silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal-melting-inhibiting agent is nitrite, nitrate, and chromate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The metal-melting-inhibiting agent accommodating portion comprises stainless steel, aluminum, fluororesin, and polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass comprises soda-lime glass, low iron soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal sheet is made of steel or aluminum. The photovoltaic active absorber layer is made of polycrystalline silicon or copper indium (gallium) sulfur/selenium (CI(G)S).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The foam pad is made of polyurethane, polyester and polyether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Structure: In the module structure, the hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer (19A) comprises hydrogenated poly(styrene-b-isoprene), hydrogenated poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene), hydrogenated poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene), hydrogenated poly(styrene-b-isoprene)/butadiene-b-styrene, or a hydrogenated polystyrene block and a vinyl bonded rich polyisoprene block. The hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer (19A) contains about 10-35 wt.% of a polystyrene block, and has a melt index of 1.0-8.0 g/10 minutes. The first encapsulation layer (13) comprises an ethylene-vinylene acetate copolymer. The polyolefin layer (19B) comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylenepropylene copolymer, or a combination. The polyolefin layer (19B) is a multi-layered structure, and has a melt index of 1.0-8.0 g/10 minutes. The hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer (19A) has a thickness of 150-300 mm, and the polyolefin layer (19B) has a thickness of 200-500 mm. The optoelectronic device (15) comprises a solar cell, an organic light emitting diode, or a liquid-crystal display device. The module structure further comprises a second encapsulation layer (17) disposed between the back sheet (19) and the optoelectronic device (15). The second encapsulation layer (17) comprises an ethylene-vinylene acetate copolymer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curing agent is chosen from polyisocyanate (block) compound, epoxy resin and oxazoline group-containing resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The moisture-resistant improvement element is silicon. The concentration of silicon in the alkali-metal supply layer is 3 mol% or more. Preferred Property: The thickness of the alkali-metal supply layer is 20-200 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layer: The insulating support substrate is a glass substrate or a plastic substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The advanced or composite material is made of carbon, Kevlar (RTM: Para-aramid synthetic fiber), glass, ceramic, metal matrix or wood.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises an inert gas atmosphere, dissolving dibromonaphthalene-containing compound of formula (II) and benzothiadiazole-containing compound of formula (III) in a first solvent, adding an organic catalyst at 70-120 degrees C, where the mol ratio of (II), (III), and catalyst is 1:2:1; and carrying out Stille coupling reaction for 24-72 hours, separating, and purifying. Preferred Method: Compound (II) is prepared by dissolving a pyran-dione-containing compound of formula (IV) and a primary amine compound of formula R1-NH2 (V), in a second solvent, where the mol ratio of (IV) and (V) is 1:10, refluxing for 8-14 hours, separating, and purifying. Compound (IV) is prepared by dissolving benzothiadiazole-containing compound of formula (VI) in tetrahydrofuran to obtain a solution at - 78 degrees C, adding n-butyllithium to form a mixed solution, placing the mixture in room temperature, stirring for 0.5 hours, cooling to - 78 degrees C, adding trimethyltin chloride in the mixture, recovering to room temperature, stirring for 8-14 hours, water quenching, separating, and purifying. Preferred Component: The first solvent is tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane, N, N-dimethyl formamide, benzene, or toluene. The organic catalyst is a mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand at a mol ratio of 1:2-10. The organic palladium is tris (dibenzylideneacetone) palladium, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, or triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride. The organic phosphine ligand is tri (o-methylphenyl) phenyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): A 60C fullerene, 9,9-bis(6-bromohexyl)-9H-fluorene-2-formaldehyde and 2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid in molar ratio of 1:5:2 are dissolved in toluene under nitrogen atmosphere, heated, refluxed, reacted for 2 hours, and obtained mixture is passed through silicon glue column using toluene/petroleum ether as eluent and high-performance liquid chromatography, to obtain intermediate (I1). The intermediate (I1) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, trimethylamine aqueous solution is added, reacted at room temperature for 24 hours, proper amount of water is added to wash dissolved solid, solvent is spin-dried, obtained solid is dissolved in methanol, and depositing obtained product in ethyl ether, to obtain alcohol-soluble fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is diatomite, alumina powder, zinc oxide powder, or alum (preferably aluminum oxide powder).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer is chloride in benzene or dibutyl phthalate. The surfactant is fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, fatty alcohol ether phosphates, or fatty alcohol ether acetate a sodium sulfate group. The pigment is toluidine red, chromium oxide green or red iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The density of the (Ba) layer is more than the density of the (Bc) layer. The density of the (Bb) layer is more than the density of (Ba) layer, which is 0.1-4.0 g/cm3. The density of the (Bb) layer is more than the density of the (Ba) layer which is 0.1-2 g/cm3. The density of (Ba) layer is 3.9-4.6 g/cm3, the density of (Bb) layer is 4-5.8 g/cm3, and the density of (Bc) layer is 2-5.5 g/cm3. Preferred Composition: The (Ba) layer and the (Bb) layer have a zinc compound as a main component. The (Bc) layer comprises main component chosen from silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, chromium, tin, indium, niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum. The (Bc) layer comprises silicon compound as a main component, and has density of 2-2.6 g/cm3. The (Bc) layer comprises aluminum, titanium, zirconium, chromium, tin, indium, niobium, molybdenum, and tantalum, and has density of 3.5-5.5 g/cm3. The (Ba) layer comprises (Ba1) layer and (Ba2) layer. The layer (Ba1) comprises coexistence phase of zinc oxide-silicon dioxide-aluminum oxide. The layer (Ba2) comprises coexistence phase of zinc sulfide and silicon dioxide. The (Ba1) layer, comprises composition comprising 20-40 atomic% zinc, 5-20 atomic% silicon, 0.5-5 atomic% aluminum, and 35-70 atomic% oxygen measured by the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrochemical analysis. The (Ba2) layer comprises 0.7-0.9 molar fraction of zinc sulfide and zinc sulfite with respect to the total of composition of silicon dioxide. The average surface roughness Ra of the layer (A) is 1 nm or less. The gas barrier film contains transparent conductive layer on layer (B) surface. The transparent conductive layer comprises indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-containing zinc oxide, gallium containing zinc oxide, metal nanowire and carbon nanotube.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The contact bonding layer is formed by applying coating liquid containing crosslinking agent and polyurethane having polycarbonate skeleton or polyether skeleton. The crosslinking agent is polymer having oxazoline group or carbodiimide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: Low-density polyethylene has melt flow rate of 20-40 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg load according to JIS K6922-2. The film-forming temperature of composition is 120 degrees C or less. Rapid cooling is carried out after film formation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The extension units and the goggle body are made of contiguous silicone. The extension units and a strap unit are comprised of integral silicone rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Conditions: Stretching process is carried out longitudinally in two or more directions. The mixed resin sheet is formed by extrusion with pressure fluctuation of 1-15%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The cyclic carbodiimide compound is of formula (I) or (II). The ketene imine compound is of formula (III), (IV) or (V).R1,R5,R11,R15,R21,R25=alkyl, aryl or alkoxy;R2-R4,R6-R8,R12-R14,R16-R18,R22-R24,R26-R28=H, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy, with R2 and R6 preferably being H;R1-R8=ring;X1,X2,X11,X12,X21,X22=single bond, -O-, -CO-, -S-, -SO2-, -NH-, or -CH2-;L1=bivalent coupling group;R11-R28=ring;L2=tetravalent coupling group;R21,R22,R25,R24=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl or aryloxycarbonyl;R23,R26=alkyl or aryl;n=1-4;L11=n-valent coupling group;andL22=single bond or divalent coupling group.The molecular weight of portion except the substituent bonded with the nitrogen atom of the ketene imine of the ketene imine compound and nitrogen atom is 320 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of incompatible resin is 3-30 %mass with respect to polyester resin. The aromatic polyester resin contains terephthalic acid and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and ethylene glycol. The polyester resin has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.6-1.2 g/dl and an acid value of 0-30 eq/ton. Preferred Properties: The film has 3-30 voids. The variation coefficient of the thickness of layer with largest film thickness is 1-10% with respect to the layers of the laminated film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The heat-resistant polymer contains polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polysulfone and/or polyethersulfone. The external layer comprises polyimide, the polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The chalcogenide compound particle comprises particle of element chosen from group 11-14 element. The composition comprises 0.1-30 pts. wt. chalcogenide compound particles and 50-900 pts. wt. solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is chosen from water, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol, triethyleneglycol, polyethylene glycol and/or glycerol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyvinyl pyrrolidone comprises polyvinyl pyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-acetamide copolymer and vinylpyrrolidone-acrylamide copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler is oxidized silicon, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and/or aluminum-nitride. The inorganic filler comprises zeolite powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking aid comprises 3 acrylate groups. The crosslinking aid is trimethylolpropane triacrylate or pentaerythritol tetraacrylate. The epoxy acrylate oligomer has structure containing acrylate group coupled to both ends of bisphenol A. The sealing composition comprises 1-3 wt.% photoinitiator, 7-25 wt.% inorganic filler, 17-28 wt.% crosslinking aid and 57-70 wt.% epoxy acrylate oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The nickel powder has average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m and thickness of 1-500 nm. The average particle diameter of silver powder is 0.1-10 mu m. The average particle diameter of glass frit powder is 0.1-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The content of nickel in the nickel coated powder is 1-80 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. silver powder. The glass frit powder comprises lead oxide and bismuth oxide. The paste composition further contains 0.05-2 pts. wt. inorganic additive containing silicon-based powder, silicon component and carbon component with respect to 100 pts. wt. carbon-based powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The binder is chosen from cellulosic resin, acrylic resin, butylcarbitol and terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The average particle diameter of glass frit powder is 0.1-10 mu m. The glass frit powder comprises lead oxide or bismuth oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nickel based powder is nickel powder with average particle diameter of 1-20 mu m or 10-100 nm or silver-nickel alloy powder with average particle diameter of 1-20 mu m. The silver-nickel alloy powder comprises 1-90 pts. wt. silver, based on 100 pts. wt. nickel. The nickel-based powder is in the form of powder form or ink form. The silver powder has average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The paste composition further includes an organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is cellulosic resin, acrylic resin, butyl carbitol and/or terpineol. EXAMPLE - The typical paste composition comprised of: 70 wt.% silver powder with average particle diameter of 3 mu m; 10 wt.% nickel powder with average particle diameter of 3 mu m; 4 wt.% glass frit containing bismuth oxide with average particle diameter of 2 mu m; and 16 wt.% ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises coating platinum solution (chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate) on one side of the second substrate to form a second catalyst layer, dissolving the polymer solution in a solvent consisting of gamma -butyrolactone or 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, forming a porous titanium dioxide layer and calcining at 400-600 degrees C, immersing the second electrode in acetone for 20-24 hours, bonding the catalyst layer and the first and second electrodes, coupling the second electrode layer on both sides of the hollow hole, injecting the electrolyte into a hollow layer at one side of the second electrode, and protecting the side hole of the second electrode using the glass. Preferred Components: The catalyst layers are made of platinum, carbon nanotubes, gold, graphite or ruthenium. The substrate is a titanium-mesh substrate, a glass substrate, a polyethylene naphthalate substrate, a polyether sulfone substrate or a polyethylene terephthalate substrate with a conductive layer in which fluorine-tin-oxide or indium-tin-oxide is coated.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte consists of metal iodide and iodide/triiodide, and an additive consisting of 4-tert-butylpridine, guanidine thiocyanate and 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer solution is of formula (I). N.B. n is not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antioxidant comprises phenol antioxidant and phosphate ester antioxidant. The phenol antioxidant is selected from 2-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol, bis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)sulfide or 3-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Method: Alkali treatment is done by soaking carbonized mixture into 1-5 mol/L alkali solution and refluxing at 80-120 degrees C for 8-12 hours. Acid treatment is done by soaking carbonized mixture into 5-35% hydrofluoric acid and reacting at 25-40 degrees C under stirring at 50-200 rpm for 12-48 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert gas comprises nitrogen gas, argon gas, and/or helium gas. Preferred Component: The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic carbon source is low molecular weight phenolic resin solution. The phenolic compound is phenol or resorcinol. The solvent is formaldehyde or furfural. The solvent is water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or ethylene glycol. The organic silicon source is methyl silicate, ethyl silicate, n-propyl silicate or isopropyl orthosilicate. Preferred Composition: The feed ratio of phenolic compound and solvent is 0.2-0.5 g:1 mL. The mass ratio of phenolic compound and sodium hydroxide is 8-12:1. The feed ratio of organic carbon source and surfactant is 2-4 mL:1 g. The volume ratio of organic carbon source and organic silicon is source is 1:0.5-1.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surfactant comprises Pluronic F127 (RTM: poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymer) of formula PEO106-PPO70-PEO106, Pluronic P123 (RTM: poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer) of formula PEO20-PPO70-PEO20, Pluronic F108 (RTM: poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer) of formula PEO132-PPO50-PEO136 and Pluronic B50-6600 (RTM: poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(butylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer) of formula PEO39-PPO47-PEO39.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The solvent is xylene, butyl acetate, methyl acetate, or ethyl acetate of. The plasticizer is phthalate, terephthalate, or m-phthalic acid ester. The silane coupling agent is KH-550 or KH-570. The accelerant is DMP-30.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Materials: The epoxy resin is epoxy resin E-44 or E-40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Compositions: Heat storage putty contains 30-50% gelling material, 1-5% heat insulation powder, 60-30% aluminosilicate ceramic, 1-20% cyanite powder, 2-32% ground fly ash, 1-4% composite fiber, and 1-5% activator. Reinforcing layer is waterproof sand interface pressed in 0-2% alkali resistant glass fiber channel. Pseudo-stone layer is piebald-based natural granite sample with dispersed and continuous phase obtained by compounding, and repeatedly spray coating in which dispersed phase contains 730 mass parts deionized water, 1 mass part wetting agent, 1 mass part defoaming agent, 18 mass parts antifreezing agent, 2 mass parts ultrafine cordierite powder, 10 mass parts white pigment, 10 mass parts colloid, 1 mass parts thickening agent, 10 mass parts film-forming auxiliary agent, 180 mass parts flocculating agent, 2 mass parts sterilizing agent, 2 mass parts mildew preservative, 2 mass parts color paste, and 8 mass parts far infrared ceramic powder and continuous phase contains 980 mass parts deionized water, 1 mass part antifreezing agent, 1 mass part ultrafine cordierite powder, and 4 mass parts crosslinking agent. Protective surface layer contains 50% transparent resin, 25% silica sol, 1% flatting agent, and 24.8% deionized water sprayed on pseudo-stone. Preferred Process: Heat storage putty is prepared by mixing raw materials, adding water to obtain 70% consistency, brushing cement paste flat on clean wall, continuously coating until average thickness is 3-30 layers. Preferred Parameters: Waterproof sand interface has thickness of 2-5 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Bridge bottom coating contains 59% high permeability alkali-resistant resin, 1% defoaming agent, 1% wetting agent, and 40% deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin material is selected from one of polyolefin resin and polyvinyl butyral resin materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Mixed solution of stannous chloride and trisodium citrate contains 0.1-0.5 M stannous chloride and 1-5 M trisodium citrate and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-0.5 M. Hydrothermal reaction uses 50-100 ml hydrothermal reaction container with PTFE lining and stainless steel jacket. Gas diffusion electrode is carbon paper, carbon felt, carbon cloth, Vulcan XC-72 (RTM: Activated carbon), BP2000 (RTM: Carbon black), carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanofibers, or graphene. Preferred Process: Carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction catalyst is prepared by dissolving stannous chloride dihydrate and trisodium citrate in solvent to obtain mixed solution, adding sodium hydroxide solution, mixing to obtain catalyst precursor, subjecting to hydrothermal reaction at 160-220 degrees C for 2-24 hours, centrifuging, washing, and drying to obtain tin oxide nanoflower.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is deionized water or ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Mass ratio of tin dioxide nanoflower and 1-5 wt.% Nafion-perfluorosulfonic acid resin solution or 1-30 wt.% PTFE is 0.9:0.1-0.1:0.9.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The CuGaNa target material is in the form of Na, sodium sulfide (Na2S), NaS, sodium sulfate (NaSO4), sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4), sodium fluoride (NaF), NaHF, sodium selenide (NaSe), or NaSeO4, where Na:CuGa ratio is 0.1-10%. The CuGa alloy target has Cu:Ga ratio of 30-5%. The ceramic aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) target has aluminum oxide (Al2O3) content of 1-5%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The substrate includes glass, stainless steel and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The organic palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene or dioxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper powder mixture contains 60-90 wt.% spherical copper powder having average particle size of 1-15 mu m and 10-40 wt.% flaky copper powder having average particle size of 0.5-5 mu m. The coating amount of nickel plating and/or tin plating layer on the surface of the copper powder mixture is 2-15 %mass. The glass powder contains 5-15 parts mass zinc oxide, 10-30 parts mass lead oxide, 5-15 parts mass bismuth(III) oxide, 0-15 parts mass alumina, 30-60 parts mass silica, 10-25 parts mass bismuth(III) oxide, 0-5 parts mass titanium doe and 0-5 parts mass barium oxide. The inorganic additives are chosen from zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and tantalum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier contains 15-30 %mass adhesive, 1-10 %mass carrier additive and remainder of organic solvent. The carrier additive is chosen from ethanol, acetate, terpene and stearate. The organic solvent is chosen from terpineol, tributyl citrate, butyl carbitol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol-isobutyrate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The adhesive is chosen from ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin and phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode activity substance is comprised of lithium manganate, lithium cobalt and lithium iron phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conductive agent uses graphite and carbon black mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride resin. The micro-pore membrane is comprised of multiple layer of polypropylene or polyethylene composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The density of the resin (A) and resin (B) which is linear low density polyethylene 0.900 g/cm3 or less, respectively. The resins (A and/or B) are silane modified polyethylene type resin graft polymerized with ethylenically unsaturated silane compound. The resin (B) is silane modified polyethylene type resin graft polymerized with ethylenically unsaturated silane compound. The grafting ratio of ethylenically unsaturated silane compound with respect to 100 parts mass of the resin component is 0.001-15 parts mass. The resin (A) has number average molecular weight of 50000-70000 and the resin (B) has number average molecular weight 8.5-130000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand with molar ratio of 1:4-8. Organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris dibenzylidene acetone dipalladium, and organic phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. Molar ratio catalyst:compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Stille coupling reaction time is 12-48 hours and temperature is 90-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Bithiazole unit-containing polymer purification treatment is performed after stopping Stille coupling reaction by adding methanol in resulting mixed solution for sedimentation, filtering using Soxhlet extraction device, orderly extracting using methanol and n-hexane for 24 hours, extracting using chloroform as solvent until colorless, collecting chloroform solution, and spin drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris(dibenzylidineacetone)dipalladium. Organic phosphine is tri(o-tolyl)phosphine or dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by dissolving diphenylamine derivative of formula (II) and 1H-pyrrol-2(3H)-one derivative of formula (III) in organic solvent under catalyst, Heck coupling reacting at 70-130 degrees C for 24-96 hours, and cooling. Preferred Components: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. Catalyst is mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine at mol ratio of 1:4-8. Preferred Method: Preparation of diketopyrrolopyrrole based polymer further includes adding dropwise methanol, Soxhlet extracting, filtering, extracting with methanol and n-hexane for 24 hours, extracting chloroform to colorless, and spin drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is calcium carbonate, diatomite and/or quartz powder. The flame retardant is antimony oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is vinyl tris butanone oxime silane, methyl tris butanone oxime silane, methyl tris methylethyl ketoxime silane, dimethyl dibutanone oxime silane, tetrakis butanone oxime silane and phenyl tris butanone oxime silane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: UV-ray protective layer contains binder resin which fixes UV absorber and optical stabilizer. Preferred Parameters: Ratio of actual thickness (B) measured by thickness meter and apparent thickness induced from weight per area and density of UV-ray protective layer (A) less than or equal to 1.1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer layer (43) and polymer layer (44) contains polymer chosen from a fluorine polymer and silicone polymer. The content (W2) of microparticles of polymer layer (44) is 0.1-2 g/m2. The content (W1) of microparticles of polymer layer (43) is 4-12 g/m2. The microparticles having refractive index of 1.8 or more is titanium oxide. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the polymer layer (44) is 0.5-30 mu m. The refractive index of microparticles having an average particle diameter of 0.1-5 mu m is 1.8 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glycol ethers are ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers having a linear or branched chain of 1-6 carbon atoms. The solvent further comprises diethylene glycol, glycerol and tripropylene glycol methyl ether. The metal particle has a grain size of 5-200 nm, is present in an amount of 20-60 wt.%, and includes 2-10 pts. wt of a mixture of nickel and silver. The dispersing agent comprises an acid group-containing copolymer with an acid value of more than 50 mg KOH/g and an amine number of less than 100 mg KOH/g, and is present in an amount of 0.5-5 wt.%. The binder is present in an amount of 0.1-5 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate can be made of glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The chalcogenide absorber layer can be made from copper-indium-gallium-sulfur/selenium material or copper-zinc-tin-sulfur/selenium material while the transparent front contact is made of intrinsic and aluminum-doped zinc oxide or indium-tin-oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive material comprises molybdenum while the substrate is made of metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyethylene (PE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). A primer layer of the substrate is made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyolefins, acryl copolymers or polyurethanes loaded with acryl terpolymers grafted with maleic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The molecular weight dispersion degree (Mw/Mn) is the ratio of weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn). The molecular weight dispersion degree of low molecular weight portion and high molecular weight portion is 1.4-2.6 and 2-3.2, respectively. The sealing material has gel fraction of 0%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The solar cell module further consists of front cover, and sealing agent contained between photovoltaic cell and a front cover.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth element is preferably chosen from europium, samarium and terbium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The number ( alpha ) of components of ligand (a) per rare-earth element, and the number ( gamma ) of ligand (c) is preferably 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The matrix layer comprises aluminum oxide, zeolite and titanium oxide. The catalyst particles comprise nickel-based catalyst materials, vanadium oxide/titanium oxide- based catalyst materials, zeolite-based catalyst materials, platinum-based catalyst materials, palladium-based catalyst materials, rhodium-based catalyst materials, and ruthenium-based catalyst materials. The base layer is made of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, and cerium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The matrix layer is made of poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinylidene fluoride, and PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Condition: The residence time in the bead mill is 60-120 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid content of titania nanodispersion is 5-30 wt.%. The size of titania nanoparticles is preferably 10-40 nm or 50-80 nm or 100-150 nm. The weight ratio of dispersion having an average particle diameter of 20 nm and dispersion having an average particle diameter of 60 nm is 1:1. The weight ratio of dispersion having an average particle diameter of 20 nm, dispersion having an average particle diameter of 60 nm, and dispersion having an average particle diameter of 120 nm is 2:1:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dispersing agent is epoxysilane, acrylsilane, vinylsilane, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and/or polyacrylic acid. The alcohol solvent is ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol and/or 2-isopropoxyethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The outer resin layer is made of the polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, copolyester, polycarbonate and nylon film. The nylon film includes Nylon 6, Nylon 66, copolymer of Nylon 6 and nylon 66, Nylon 610, and Nylon m-xylenediamine (MXD6). The first adhesive layer comprises polyol component, polyurethane based adhesive, and a curing agent comprising isocyanate compound or its derivatives. The other side of the monomers is surface modified with hydroxy radical. The monomer component is vinyl phosphonic acid and acrylic acid. The inner resin layer comprises polyolefin or copolymer of polyolefin. The polyolefin includes polyethylene or polypropylene. The second adhesive layer is made of polyester group, polyether group, polyurethane group, polyester urethane group, polyolefin-group, polyethylenemine group, cyanoacrylate group, isocyanate group, imide group, and/or silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer contains more than 60 mole% vinylidene fluoride. The solid content of fluoropolymer, solid content of perfluoroalkyl-containing polyisocyanate and solid content of hydroxy radical-containing polyacrylonitrile is 60-90 wt.%, 0.1-10 wt.% and 10-40 wt.%, respectively with respect to whole composition. Preferred Process: The polyacrylonitrile is obtained by polymerizing monomer chosen from methacrylate and hydroxyalkylacrylate having 1-4C alkyl, and another monomer chosen from alkyl methacrylate and alkyl methacrylate having 1-4C alkyl. The perfluoroalkyl-containing polyisocyanate is obtained by reacting perfluoroalkyl-containing alcohol of formula: F(CF2)n(CH2)2OH (I) or H(CF2CF2)n1CH2OH (II) and organic polyisocyanate.n=4-20;andn1=1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped indium tin oxide, glass, and/or transparent conductive polymers. The first and second metal precursors are gallium or copper precursors.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second aqueous solvents comprise water, alcohol, and/or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first and second polymeric binders comprise ethyl cellulose, polyvinylacetate, palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polypropylene, and/or propylene diol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The photoelectric device is organic thin film solar cell with inverted electrode structure including substrate, lower electrode formed on the substrate, zinc oxide layer is formed on the lower electrode, active layer formed on zinc oxide layer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate layer formed on active layer, upper electrode formed on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate layer, where the active layer contains (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds (I) are disclosed, which are 4-fluoro-1,2-phenylenebis(methylene) fullerene-C60 bis-adduct of formula (Ia), 2,3-naphthylenebis(methylene) fullerene-C60 bis-adduct of formula (Ib), 4-bromo-5-methoxy-1,2-phenylenebis(methylene) fullerene-C60 bis-adduct of formula (Ic) and 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenebis(methylene) fullerene-C60 bis-adduct of formula (Id).    EXAMPLE - 1 g Fullerene-C60 and 784 mg 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)-4-fluoro-benzene were reacted in 150 ml o-dichlorobenzene in presence of catalytic amount of potassium iodide and the obtained product was purified by column chromatography by using 6:1 vol./vol. hexane-toluene mixture as eluent to obtain 250 mg 4-fluoro-1,2-phenylenebis(methylene) fullerene-C60 bis-adduct (Ia) with 18.7% yield.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyester-based polyol resin has average molecular weight of 1000-80000, preferably 1000-5000. The polyester-based polyol resin and the crosslinking agent are mixed in a ratio of 9:1-6:4. The isocyanate-based compound comprises 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, 4,4 '- diphenylmethane diisocyanate, methylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, 2,2,4- trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6- hexamethylene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexanediisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate, and isopropylidene dicyclohexyl-4,4'-diisocyanate. The crosslinking agent is present in an amount of 1-20 pts. wt. The isocyanate-based compound is present in an amount of 1-50 pts. wt. A weight ratio of the polyester-based resin and the polyol resin is 1-8:2. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoride group lithium salt is an anion of the fluorinated lithium salt comprises hexafluorophosphate (PF6-), boron tetrafluoride (BF4-), tetrafluorobis(trifluoromethyl)phosphate ((CF3)2PF4-), di-perfluorosulfonate ((CF3)3PF3-), trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3-), perhalogenated alkylsulfonate (CF3CF2SO3-), bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide ((CF3SO2)2N-), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methyl ((CF3SO2)2CH-), tris(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)methanide ((CF3SO2)3C-), perfluorooctane sulfonate (CF3(CF2)7SO3-), and trifluoroacetate (CF3CO2-). Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises 0.01-10 pts. wt. of long chain alcohol, and 100 pts. wt. of organic solvent, where the long chain alcohol is long chain 10-14C alcohol including n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, decanol, dodecanol, 2-methylphentanol, 2-ethylbutanol, 2-ethylhexanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, methyl benzyl alcohol, isopropylbenzylalcohol and methyl benzyl alcohol, and the organic solvent is chain carbonate including dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and/or ethylpropyl carbonate, cyclic carbonate including ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3-pentylene carbonate, vinylenecarbonate and/or vinylethylene carbonate, ether including dimethyl ether, diethylether, dipropyl ether, methylethyl ether, methyl propyl ether and/or ethylpropylether, ester and amide. The electrolyte further comprises a ring-shaped sulfite, a saturated sultone, an unsaturated sultone and a non-ring-shaped sulfone. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal in metallophthalocyanine is chosen from nickel, cobalt, and iron. The content of metal in metallophthalocyanine is 1-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of compound (I) in compound (II) is 40 mol%. The content of compound (II) and compound (III) in the hybrid polymer is 80-99 wt.% and 1-20 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte film further contains hybrid polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The imidazole derivative (I) is prepared by dissolving 5-methyl-2-nitroaniline and N-bromosuccinimide in acetic acid, refluxing and reacting for 1.5 hours, adding acetic anhydride, obtaining N-(5-methyl-2-nitrophenyl) acetamide, subjecting the obtained product to bromination reaction with N-bromosuccinimide in carbon tetrachloride, obtaining N-(4-bromo-5-bromo-2-nitrophenyl) acetamide, reacting resultant product with hexamethylenetetramine in chloroform, refluxing, hydrolyzing by acetic acid, and deprotecting hydrochloric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of copper, manganese and cobalt metal ions is 3:3:1, and the metal salt is nitrate, chloride and/or acetate. The hydroxy-carboxylic acid complexing agent is citric acid or tartaric acid. The molar ratio of copper, manganese and cobalt salts of metal ions, and hydroxy-carboxylic acid is 1:1-1.5. The substrate is a metal substrate having infrared reflection characteristics, comprising highly polished stainless steel sheet or aluminum. The thickness of the absorbing layer is 450-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The sol-gel is prepared by lifting up the substrate, coating, pulling, and plating a thin film layer to obtain the product. Preferred Components: The polyethylene glycol dispersant is polyethylene glycol 200 and hydroxy-carboxylic acid, and the dispersion ratio is 0.8-1.2. The cellulose film-forming agent is hydroxypropyl cellulose or ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano-particle is selected from silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, sodium fluoride or zirconium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crosslinking agent is melamine formaldehyde resin, isocyanate or carbodiimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The concentration of: o-phenylenediamine solution is 0.1 mol/l or 0.12 mol/l; copper chloride solution 0.5 mol/l or 0.8 mol/l; and hydrochloric acid solution is 0.12 mol/l or 0.15 mol/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Copper-indium-gallium powder is prepared by mixing copper powder, indium powder and gallium powder. The obtained powder is melted under vacuum condition and then obtained product is pressurized, cooled and ground to obtain desired product. Copper-indium-gallium powder is preferably prepared by mixing liquid gallium with polyvinylpyrrolidone in a beaker and then adding distilled water to obtained mixture. The obtained mixture is dispersed by using ultrasonicator to obtain gallium nanoparticles. The obtained product is mixed with copper sulfate, indium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium borohydride solution. The obtained product is centrifuged and then obtained product is washed and then dried to obtain desired product. Preferred Components: Copper-indium-gallium-selenide target material comprises copper, indium, gallium and selenium in molar ratio of 1:0.7:0.3: (2.0-2.2). Protective gas is argon gas. Dilute hydrochloric acid is utilized in preparation of copper-indium-gallium-selenide target material. Preferred Conditions: Molding is performed at 4-6 megapascal. Argon gas has pressure of 0.5-0.7 megapascal. Grinding is carried out for 35-40 hours. Heating is carried out at 220-250 degrees C and pressurizing is carried out at 200-250 megapascal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst (c) is dimethyl cyclohexylamine. The catalyst (d) is dimethyl benzyl amine. The catalyst (c) is quaternary ammonium salt. The silicone oil is H-3303 type silicone oil. The flame retardant is tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyether polyol (a) is obtained by performing ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide and sucrose using glycerol as initiator, and has functionality of 5.5-6 and molecular weight of 700-750. The polyester polyol is obtained from phthalic anhydride, and has functionality of 3 and molecular weight of 660. The polyether polyol is obtained by performing ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide as glycerol as initiator, and has functionality of 3 and molecular weight of 1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The mass ratio of SPEEK and APMC1 is 1:0.6-2.0. Preferred Composition: The aqueous phosphoric acid contains 95-100 pts. wt. phosphoric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The is chosen from silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of substrate layer and fluoropolymer film is 150-300 mu m and 30-50 mu m, respectively. Preferred Component: The adhesive layer comprises acrylic ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The buffering glue layer is made of acrylic resin, epoxy resin, acrylic ester, styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer and polyethylene glycol terephthalate materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The positive electrode is made of lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2), nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) and nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA) materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand with molar ratio of 1:4-8. Organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris dibenzylidene acetone dipalladium, and organic phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. Molar ratio catalyst:compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Stille coupling reaction time is 12-48 hours and temperature is 90-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Thiazole unit-containing polymer purification treatment is performed after stopping Stille coupling reaction by adding methanol in resulting mixed solution for sedimentation, filtering using Soxhlet extraction device, orderly extracting using methanol and n-hexane for 24 hours, extracting using chloroform as solvent until colorless, collecting chloroform solution, and spin drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali solution is sodium carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution, and/or sodium bicarbonate solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand with molar ratio of 1:4-8. Organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris dibenzylidene acetone dipalladium, and organic phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. Molar ratio catalyst:compound A is 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Suzuki coupling reaction time is 24-72 hours and temperature is 90-120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand with molar ratio of 1:4-8. Organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris dibenzylidene acetone dipalladium, and organic phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. Molar ratio catalyst:compound A is 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Stille coupling reaction time is 12-48 hours and temperature is 90-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer purification treatment is performed after stopping Stille coupling reaction by adding methanol in resulting mixed solution for sedimentation, filtering using Soxhlet extraction device, orderly extracting using methanol and n-hexane for 24 hours, extracting using chloroform as solvent until colorless, collecting chloroform solution, and spin drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, or mixture of organic palladium and organic phosphine ligand with molar ratio of 1:4-8. Organic palladium is palladium acetate or tris dibenzylidene acetone dipalladium, and organic phosphine ligand is tri-o-tolylphosphine or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl. Molar ratio catalyst:compound (A) is 1:20-1:100. Organic solvent is toluene, N,N-dimethyl formamide, and/or tetrahydrofuran. Preferred Conditions: Heck coupling reaction temperature is 90-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer purification treatment is performed after stopping Heck coupling reaction by adding methanol in resulting mixed solution for sedimentation, filtering using Soxhlet extraction device, orderly extracting using methanol and n-hexane for 24 hours, extracting using chloroform as solvent until colorless, collecting chloroform solution, and spin drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium or bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride. The organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by adding tin containing compound (M1) and bromine containing compound (M2) at a mol ratio 1:1-1.5:1 in an oxygen free environment and presence of catalyst at 60-120 V under Stille coupling reaction for 12-72 hours, and stopping the reaction to obtain the compound (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Reaction vessels are made of glass, ceramic, enamel, plastic or high temperature graphite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetic acid ester, or ethyl lactate. The uvioresistant agent is UV-326, UV-327 or UV-531. The plasticizer is phthalic acid second butyl ester, a tricresyl phosphate, or triphenyl phosphate. The surface active agent is coconut oil dimethyl ammonium chloride. The coupling agent is silane coupling agent TM-30 or TM-42.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The pigment is iron oxide red, zinc chromate, or iron oxide yellow. The filler is talc powder, diatomite, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, or silicon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dispersing agent is dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride or dodecyl sodium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The epoxy resin is epoxy resin E-44. The amino resin is amino resin DM-225. The thickening agent is polyurethane thickening agent. The non-ionic surfactant is TRITON N-57 (RTM: nonionic, nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is alcohol or isopropyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate content of ethylene-vinyl acetate-based copolymer is preferably 29.5 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator is potassium persulfate or ammonium sulfate. The inorganic acid solution is more than 85 %mass phosphoric acid solution, 30-40 %mass sulfuric acid solution or more than 35 %mass hydrochloric acid solution. The alkali liquid is 8-12 %mass aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution or aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The addition amount of bentonite, inorganic acid solution, alcohol aqueous solution, xanthan gum solution, acrylic acid, octyl methacrylate, isoprene, emulsifier and initiator is 0.8 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 27 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 0.7 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol in the alcohol aqueous solution is methanol or ethanol. The emulsifying agent is alkyl sulfate, alkylbenzene sulfonate or fatty acid sulfonate. The alkyl sulfate is dodecyl sodium sulfate. The alkylbenzene sulfonate is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The volume ratio of alcohol and water in the alcohol aqueous solution is 1:3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The positioning chuck is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: In the tacky sheet: an acrylic tacky material is used as a tacky material that constitutes the tacky material layer; or a butyl rubber based tacky material is used as a tacky material that constitutes the tacky material layer. The tacky sheet further comprises a barrier layer laminated on another face side of the synthetic resin substrate layer, between the synthetic resin substrate layer and the tacky material layer, or both on another face side of the synthetic resin substrate layer and between the synthetic resin substrate layer and the tacky material layer. The barrier layer comprises an inorganic substance. The inorganic substance is an inorganic oxide or aluminum. The tacky sheet comprises many barrier layer. In the tacky sheet, one face of the tacky material layer is covered with a release sheet. The barrier layer is laminated on an outermost surface on another face side of the synthetic resin substrate layer. The barrier layer has a fine bumpy shape on an entire surface on the opposite side to the synthetic resin substrate layer. The barrier layer comprises fine particles, and a binder for the fine particles. The fine particles are at least one type of beads including metal beads or inorganic oxide beads. The barrier layer is a metal foil. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The concentrator exhibits a color rendering index of greater than 90. The concentrator further comprises at least one transparent near-infrared mirror. The luminophores have a Stokes shift of greater than 200 nm. The luminophores include a metal halide phosphor, a thiacarbocyanine salt and a naphthalocyanine derivative. The luminophores each include a metal halide host and a ligand coordinated to it. The luminophores are operable to absorb light in the near-infrared spectrum. The waveguide is formed from glass. The second luminophores include the thiacarbocyanine salt or the naphthalocyanine derivative. The window further comprises a photovoltaic device positioned between the first glass panel and the second glass panel. The luminophore is configured as a nanocluster.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ligand is amines, thiols, hydrates, and acetonitriles. The thiols are benzenethiols and ethanethiols. The thiacarbocyanine salt is anion modified. The acetonitrile solution includes one material comprising (I)-(V). The substrate is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent polymer composite film is operable to absorb light in the UV spectrum and emit light in the near-infrared spectrum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coloring agent is titanium oxide or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanate hardening agent is chosen from aliphatic isocyanate, alicyclic isocyanate, and aromatic aliphatic isocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The hydroxyl value of acrylic resin is 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Composition: The ratio of solid content of coloring agent and acrylic resin is 0.1-5. The content of the hydrocarbon wax is 0.5-10 wt.%, with respect to solid content of the ultraviolet-absorption color-pigmented paint composition. The hydrocarbon wax is chosen from Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, polypropylene wax and oxidized polypropylene wax. The ratio of hydroxyl equivalent of (meth)acrylic-type resin and isocyanate equivalent of the isocyanate hardening agent is 0.5-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Polyester resin contains 0.1-5 mol/t of phosphoric acid alkali metal salt. Amount of foreign material containing phosphorus component with length of greater than or equal to 100 mu m in film is less than or equal to 10 pieces/1000 cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon oxide is of formula: SiOx, where x is 0.8-2.0. The mold release layer is formed by chemical vapor deposition, contains carbon chain, and has thickness of 2 nm or more, preferably 2-200 nm. The base material has thickness of 2.5-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first isolating cover and second isolating cover are made of ethylene-vinyl acetate, PTFE, and casting resin. The front and back sheets are made of polymethyl methacrylate, PTFE, polyethylene terephthalate, glass, and plastic. The adhesive includes silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises formation of aniline on the surface of titanium dioxide carrier by adding hydrochloric acid solution, continuously stirring, adding ammonium persulfate solution along with stirring, stirring for 2-7 hours at room temperature, centrifuging, washing with deionized water to remove excess ions, vacuum drying at 60-100 degrees C to obtain polyaniline modified titanium dioxide carrier, mixing with chloroauric acid solution as gold precursor, adjusting the pH to 8-12 using 0.5-1.5 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution, centrifuging, washing, drying at 60-100 degrees C, soaking the dried material in sodium borohydride solution of sodium hydroxide, reducing the temperature to room temperature, stirring for 2-7 hours, and drying at 60-100 degrees C. Preferred Components: The amount of gold nano particle in the catalyst is 0.1-5 wt.%. The chloroauric acid solution comprises 0.005-0.02 g/ml gold, and sodium hydroxide solution containing sodium borohydride solution, where the concentration of sodium borohydride solution is 0.1-0.25 mol/l and the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1-0.25 mol/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The fluoroalkyl benzothiadiazole-containing polymeric semiconductor is prepared by copolymerizing fluoroalkyl benzothiadiazole monomer and thieno(3,2-b)thiophene monomer. Preferred Method: Copolymerization is done by copolymerizing 5,6-difluoro-benzothiadiazole monomer and 2,5-bisthiopene-thieno(3,2-b)thiophene monomer or 4,7-bisthiopene-5,6-difluoro-benzothiadiazole monomer and thieno(3,2-b)thiophene monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is selected from polypropylene film, polyester film or polyvinyl chloride film. The oxidizing agent is selected from iron(III) chloride or iron(III) p-toluenesulfonic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Organic solvent is selected from dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Quaternary ammonium hydroxide solution is selected from tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide. Concentration of quaternary ammonium compound is 0.016-0.065mol/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vinyl acetate ester content in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably 29.5 %mass. The content of t-butyl peroxybenzoate and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hexadecyl ester is 1.6-1.8 %mass and 2 %mass, respectively. The organic solvent is isopropanol or propanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylic ester monomer is methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate ester or their mixture. The thixotropic agent is isobornyl methacrylate or silicon dioxide. The accelerating agent is diisopropyl toluidine, tetramethyl thiourea or N,N-dimethylaniline. The thermal expansion agent is diisopropyl azodiformate, azodicarbonamide, azobisisobutyronitrile. The accelerating agent is isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide or benzoyl peroxide. The polymerization inhibitor is para-benzoquinone, hydroquinone or antioxidant 264.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is alcohol or isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The auxiliary includes 0.5-3wt.% dispersant, such as polyethylene glycol 2000 and/or polyethylene glycol 20000, where the raw materials is obtained by mixing 0-10% additive, the additive is ammonium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pigment is inorganic oxide and/or carbon black. The composition contains 1-400 pts. wt. pigment and 0.01-20 pts. wt. fatty acid derivative with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin (A).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin having hydroxyl group is acrylic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, polyolefin resin and/or fluororesin, and has number average molecular weight of 5000-50000 and glass transition temperature of 20-110 degrees C. The composition further contains epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The connection component includes conductive adhesive-containing metal-conducting wire positioned at electrode plane of the photovoltaic cells.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (C1) is (meth)acryl compound. The catalyst (C-1) is peroxide. The catalyst (C-2) component is imidazole compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin is epoxy resin. The conductive adhesive composition further contains catalyst (C-2) which accelerates hardening of thermosetting resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer sheath of cable is based on cross-linked ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The pre-conditioned molten plastic contains a free radical scavenging booster additive comprising 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene (at least 1000 parts per million (ppm)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base plate section is formed of heat-weldable material, particularly polyvinyl chloride or thermoplastic polyolefin or adhesive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of repeating unit with respect to the total number-of-moles of all the repeating units is 50 mol% or more. The terminal group of polymer is crosslinkable groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer further contains repeating unit of formula (II) and repeating unit of formula (III). The total content of repeating units (I) and (II) is 0.1-50 mol% with respect to the total number-of-moles of all the repeating units.L=crosslinkable group. Preferred Definitions:    X=O.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus atom content rate of phosphorus compound (C) is 4-12 %mass. The content of titanium oxide contained in the particles (B) is 95 %mass or more. Preferred Properties: The molecular weight of compound (C1), compound (C2) and compound (C3) is 1000-1500, 900-1500 and 600-1500, respctively. The melting point of the phosphorus compound (C) is 240 degrees C or less. The average particle diameter of the particles (B) is 0.15-0.40 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluororesin (A) is an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-type copolymer. The content of particles (B) is 2-15 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin components in the resin composition. The silicone oil (D) is dimethyl silicone oil or phenylmethyl silicone oil. Preferred Property: The thickness of the resin film is 12-300 mu m. Preferred Process: The resin film is obtained by extrusion molding the resin composition to a film form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The edge coating comprises a grafted fluoropolymer resin with a modified base chain featuring polar functionality; and comprises at least two layers of fluoropolymer material. The additional layer comprises at least one of non-woven glass fiber veil, non-woven polyester fiber veil, and ceramic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The filler layer has layer (8) located in the surface side of the photovoltaic cell, and layer (9) located in the back surface side of the photovoltaic cell. The front sheet and layers (8, 9) are transparent. The front sheet or back sheet is a film having flexibility, and the layer (8) and the layer (9) are formed from the adhesive layer laminated on front sheet and back sheet respectively. The filler layer contains adhesive in solvent. The filler layer is formed with acrylic adhesive. The sheet main component has flexibility. The sheet main component and adhesive layer have transparency, and are colored. Preferred Property: The refractive indexes of layers (8, 9) are different. The relative index of refractions of the layer (9) with respect to layer (8) is 0.95-1.05. Layer (9) is colored. The average thickness of filler layer is 30 mu m to 1 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The boron nitride electrolyte material has charge-transfer resistance of are 3-10 kilo( Omega ), relaxation time of 200 m.second or less, preferably 300 m.second or more, and electroconductivity of 8 mu F, preferably 7 mu F or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The amine compound is a copolymer of (meth)acrylic-acid dimethyl amino ethyl and monomers chosen from (meth)acrylic-acid alkylester monomer, (meth)acrylic-acid hydroxy(alkoxy)-containing ester monomer, and (meth)acrylic-acid alicyclic, aromatic ring, heterocyclic ring and vinyl radical-containing ester monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Material: The glass fiber is glass cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic particles comprise silicon dioxide, alumina, zirconia, alpha -alumina, zirconium silicate, and/or titania.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The adhesive water-soluble polymer thickener has a swelling ratio of less than 5% in carbonate solvent. The aqueous latex has a solubility parameter ( delta ) of 17-25 (J/cm3)1/2 and a swelling degree of 100-1000% in carbonate solvent in dry condition. After swelling, the latex has a Young's modulus of greater than 200 MPa. Preferred Composition: The aqueous latex comprises polymethylmethacrylate with delta value of 19.2 (J/cm3)1/2, polyvinyl acetate with delta value of 18.8 (J/cm3)1/2, poly(butyl methacrylate) with delta value of 17.4 (J/cm3)1/2, and/or polyethylacrylate with delta value of 18.4 (J/cm3)1/2. The thickener is carboxyethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, and/or polyvinyl alcohol. The aqueous dispersion comprises polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, and/or sodium polyacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Bottom layer protection agent comprises 45-55 pts. wt polyester modified acrylic resin, 4.6-5.8 pts. wt. butyl acetate, 15-20 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 6-10 pts. wt. precipitated barium sulfate, 6-10 pts. wt. light calcium carbonate, 0.1-0.3 pt. wt. carbon black, 0.5-0.9 pt. wt. fumed silica, 4-8 pts. wt. precipitated silica, 3.1-4.3 pts. wt. propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 0.4-0.8 pt. wt. xylene, 0.9-1.4 pts. wt. polyacrylamide and 0.2-0.5 pt. wt. polyether modified silicon defoamer. Outer layer protective agent comprises 40-55 pts. wt. organic fluorine modified acrylic resin, 4.6-5.8 pts. wt. butyl acetate, 20-25 pts. wt. titanium dioxide, 5-10 pts. wt. silicon carbide, 1-5 pts. wt. silicon carbide superfine powder, 0.9-0.9 pt. wt. polyacrylamide, 0.8-1.2 pts. wt. fumed silica, 6-9 pts. wt. precipitated silica, 1.5-4 pts. wt. propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 0.4-0.8 pt. wt. xylene, 0.2-0.4 pt. wt. polyether modified silicon defoamer, 0.5-0.9 pt. wt. succinate and 0.1-0.3 pt. wt. acrylate. Preferred Components: Silicon carbide superfine powder comprises silicon carbide composite ultrafine powder and carbon-aluminum oxide micro fine powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The self-crosslinking-type alkaline anion-exchange film has a thickness of 50-100 mu m, tensile strength of 20-50 MPa, thermal stability of 120-180 degrees C, ionic conductivity at 80 degrees C of 0.01-0.05 S/cm, and ion conduction rate at 80 degrees C after processing in 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 60 degrees C for 7 days of 0.01-0.04S/cm. Preferred Composition: The polar solvent is N,N-dimethyl acetamide, sulfolane, N-methyl pyrrolidone, 1,1,2,2-acetylene tetrachloride or dimethyl sulfoxide. The ionizing agent is trimethylamine aqueous solution, triethylamine hydrochloride aqueous solution or N-methyl imidazole solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride. The solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethyl formamide, benzene or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A dibromo compound of formula (A) and a thiophene compound of formula (B) are reacted under inert atmosphere in molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 in the presence of catalyst and solvent at 50-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, and naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide-dithiophene copolymer is produced. Preferred Definitions:    n=17-36.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium or mixture of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium and tris(methylphenyl)phosphine in molar ratio of 1:2-20. The content of catalyst is 0.01-20 mol.% total mass of bromine-containing compound (A) and bithiophene derivative (B). The solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethylamide, benzene and/or toluene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Bromine-containing compound of formula (A) and bithiophene derivative of formula (B) in molar ratio of 1:1-1:2 are added in solvent in presence of catalyst under inert atmosphere, and Stille coupling reaction is carried out at 80-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, to obtain perylene tetracarboxylic diimide-indacen-bithiophene copolymer. Preferred Process: Reaction solution obtained during Stille coupling reaction and methanol are added, filtered, washed and dried. The dried substance is dissolved using toluene, obtained solution is added to diethyl sodium dithiocarbamate aqueous solution, then mixed liquid is heated to 90 degrees C overnight, organic phase and inorganic phase are layered, organic phase is subjected to chromatography, washed, decompressed to remove organic solvent, deposited, filtered, screened, extracted by Soxhlet extractor using acetone, deposited, and filtered, to obtain purified copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium or bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride. The solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N,N-dimethyl formamide, benzene or toluene. The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A dibromo compound of formula (A) and a phenanthrene compound of formula (B) are reacted under inert atmosphere in molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.2 in the presence of catalyst, solvent and alkali solution at 50-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, and naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide-cyclopenta phenanthrene copolymer is produced. Preferred Definitions:    n=11-62.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Semiconductor conjugated polymer is prepared by performing Stille cross-coupling reaction on benzodiazepin thiophene and (2-oxo-3-ylidene)furan-benzodiazepin-dione. Preferred Compositions: Reaction uses tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium as catalyst and tris(o-methylphenyl)phosphate as ligand for polymerization. Mole ratio benzodiazepin thiophene:(2-oxo-3-ylidene)furan-benzodiazepin-dione:tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium:tris(o-methylphenyl)phosphate is 1:1:0.02:0.04. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is 80-130 degrees C, and time is 6-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Quat.-ammonium hydroxide is tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide and tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide. Quat.-ammonium hydroxide concentration is 0.016-0.065 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Flame retardant is zinc borate and aluminum hydroxide mixture and OMMT and ATH mixture. Stabilizer is 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone mixture. Cross-linking agent is trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate lipid. Lubricant is PP wax and fatty acid mixture and 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyolefin resin mixture is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive phosphorus flame retardant is chosen from 2-carboxyethyl phenyl phosphinic acid and hydroxymethyl-phenyl phosphinic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The esterification catalyst is chosen from sodium acetate, magnesium acetate and cobalt acetate. The polycondensation catalyst is chosen from antimony trioxide and ethylene glycol. The stabilizer is chosen from trimethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate and phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The hydrolytic aromatic polycarbodiimide is less than 2000. The thickness ratio of surface layers (a) and (b), and core layer is 3-10:3-10:80-94. Preferred Composition: The aromatic polycarbodiimide is of formula (I). The masterbatch polyester chips is titanium-containing masterbatch polyester chips and/or silica-masterbatch polyester chips.R=ortho or meta-isopropyl, or high-tert-butyl-substituted sterically hindered aromatic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The anatase titanium dioxide is titanium sulfate, titanyl sulfate or titanium tetrachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coupling agent is organic silicon coupling agent KH550, KH560 or KH570. The concentration of coupling agent is 0.1-0.15%. The surfactant is lauric acid diethanolamide or sodium dodecyl sulfate. The concentration of surfactant is 0.02-0.05 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The functional filler comprises aluminum oxide having a particle diameter of 1-10 mu m, and surface-modified carbon filler. The addition amount of aluminum oxide is 5-15 pts. wt. The surface modifier is KH-550 (RTM: gamma -aminopropyltriethoxysilane), KH-560 (RTM: gamma -glycidylpropyltrimethoxysilane), or titanate coupling agent. The modified carbon filler is carbon black, or scaly carbon powder toner containing ether group, alkoxy group, or acyl group adsorbed on surface. The modified carbon has a diameter of 1-10 mu m and the addition amount is 5-15 pts. wt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The solvent is ethyl acetate or butyl acetate. The curing agent is aliphatic polyisocyanate or aliphatic polyisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorocarbon matrix resin is chlorotrifluoroethylene-alkylvinyl ether copolymer, alkylvinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, or vinyl fluoride-vinyl ester copolymer. The functional additive is dispersant, leveling agent, or defoamer. The dispersing agent is Efka-4061 (RTM: modified polyurethane), Efka-4046 (RTM: modified polyurethane), or Efka-4050 (RTM: modified polyurethane). The leveling agent is Irgaflow 110 (RTM: modified polyacrylate) or Efka 3600 (RTM: polymeric fluorocarbon compound). The defoamer is polyacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, and/or fluoro-modified organic silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The third metal is zinc or tin. Preferred Composition: The alloy powder comprises 0.1-18% silicon, 75-9.80% aluminum, 0.1-7% zinc or tin, and 0.01-0.5% rare earth elements. The lead-free glass powder comprises 5-15 wt.% boron trioxide, 50-70 wt.% bismuth trioxide, 0-2 wt.% alumina, 2-8% zinc oxide, 1-10% sodium oxide, 15.5-29% silica, 0.5-5% molybdate, 1-5% zirconia.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is terpineol, butyl acetate, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, methyl cellosolve and second isobutyl ketone. The bonding agent is ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, acrylic resin, alkyd resin and rosin resin. The flatting agent is triethanolamine, polyethylacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyacrylic acid, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate copolymer. The surfactant is organic silicon modified polyacrylate, lecithin, glycerin monostearate and polysorbate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The wetting dispersant is modified acrylic ester block copolymer, multi-element amine, long chain unsaturated polybasic carboxylic acid polymer and modified polysiloxane copolymer. Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises 50-70 wt.% organic solvent, 5-20 wt.% flatting agent, 1-10% bonding agent, 1-5 wt.% surfactant and rest wetting dispersant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymerizable unsaturated monomer is selected from acrylic ester, methacrylic acid ester, styrene, acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile. The organic weak acid is selected from acetic acid, itaconic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, stearic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and/or adipic acid. The polymerization inhibitor is selected from hydroquinone, para-benzoquinone, beta-phenyl naphthyl amine sodium nitrite, nitro phenol, sodium nitrite and/or hydroxylamine. The crosslinking agent is selected from polyethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, divinyl benzene and/or trimethylolpropane trimethyl acrylic ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The super-molecular self-assembling system with multiple hydrogen bond is super-molecular self-assembling system with double hydrogen bond such as 2-hydroxy-benzamide compound of formula (I), phenylamine compound of formula (II), super-molecular self-assembling system with triple hydrogen bond such as 2,6-diamino-pyridine-3,5-dicarbaldehyde compound of formula (III), super-molecular self-assembling system with quadruple hydrogen bond such as substituted 6-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-pyrimidine compound of formula (IV) or substituted N-(2-formylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-formamide compound of formula (V).R = 4-16C straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl.Preferred Composition: The thixotropic agent comprises 0-50% hydrogenated castor oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th inorganic filler are mica, boron nitride, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum nitride, calcium carbonate, and/or talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fluorine-containing resin are polyvinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene-hydroxy-alkyl vinyl ether copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene-hydroxy-alkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether, trifluoroethylene-hydroxy alkyl vinyl ester copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene-hydroxy alkyl vinyl ester copolymer, and/or tetrafluoroethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The 1st, and 3rd substrate layers are polyester resin, or polyacrylate resin. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of each 1st, and 2nd thermally conductive layers are 10-40 mu m. Thickness of each 1st, and 2nd adhesive layers are 8-280 mu m. Thickness of substrate layer is 120-280 mu m. Thickness of barrier layer is 1-5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is water, methanol, ethanol and/or acetone. The carbon source is glucose, starch and/or sucrose. The method utilizes bonding agent comprising acrylic ester emulsion, polyfluortetraethylene emulsion and/or polyvinylidene fluoride emulsion. INRGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inert gas is nitrogen gas and argon gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The rings are made from one of 25CrMo4, 42CrMo4, 43CrMo4, 34CrNiMo6, C45, C45N, X20Cr13, GG-20, GGG-40, GS15, St37, as well as stainless steel or half stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The filling material is made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), PTFE and/or PTFE compound, or perfluoro alkoxy polymers (PFA), or polyethylene (PE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The flux paste comprises epoxy resin, amine curing agent and phenol resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth element comprises praseodymium, neodymium, dried, cerium or gadolinium. Preferred Method: The method involves utilizing tantalum pentoxide, lithium, lanthanum, and the lanthanum salt doping salt and/or tantalum doped compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The water soluble polymer is polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The solvent is water and/or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silver powder is spherical silver powder having average particle diameter of 0.5-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fatty acid silver salt is fatty acid silver salt having carboxyl group(s) and hydroxy groups, and polycarboxylic acid silver salt having 3 or more carboxyl groups, preferably silver 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-n-butyrate, silver 2-hydroxyisobutyrate or silver-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive composition further contains epoxy resin and silver salt of fatty acid. The epoxy resin is bisphenol A-type epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 1500-4000 g/equivalent and ether-type epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 1000 g/equivalent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphor comprises europium(II) ion and dysprosium(III) ion doped strontium aluminate; europium(II) ions doped calcium aluminoborate of formula (CaAl2B2O7), strontium aluminoborate of formula (SrAl1.7B0.3O4) or strontium alumonosilicate of formula (SrAl2SiO6); europium(II) ion and dysprosium(III) ion co-doped strontium aluminate, barium aluminate, calcium aluminate, strontium aluminum oxide of formula (Sr4Al14O25) (I), calcium magnesium silicate of formula (Ca2MgSi2O7) or barium magnesium silicate of formula (Ba2MgSi2O7); europium(II) ion and chromium(III) ion co-doped (I); europium(II) ion and neodymium(III) ion co-doped strontium aluminate or calcium aluminate; terbium(III) ion doped calcium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium stannate or yttrium tantalate; cerium(III) ion doped calcium aluminosilicate of formula (Ca2Al2SiO7) or calcium aluminate; terbium(III) ion and cerium(III) ion co-doped strontium aluminate or calcium aluminate; dysprosium(III) ion doped cadmium silicate or strontium silicate; or holmium(III) ion doped calcium gallium tetrasulfide of formula (CaGaS4). The photoanode comprises strontium aluminate, (I), calcium aluminate, barium aluminate, strontium silicate, calcium magnesium silicate (CaMgSi2O6), strontium aluminosilicate of formula (Sr3Al10SiO20), sodium calcium silicate of formula (Na4CaSi7O17), strontium oxide, yttria, yttrium oxysulfide or gadolinium oxysulfide as phosphor host material; and europium(II) ion, europium(III) ion, cerium(III) ion, terbium(III) ion, samarium(III) ion, praseodymium(III) ion, dysprosium(III) ion, erbium(III) ion, thulium(III) ion, vanadium(III) ion, cuprous ion, manganese(II) ion, titanium(IV) ion, stannous ion, cobalt(III) ion, bismuth(III) ion or lead(II) ion as a doping material. The photoanode comprises layer containing titania nanoparticles. The photoelectric conversion dyes are adsorbed on titania and phosphor particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic particles contain titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide or zirconium oxide. The slurry composition further comprises copper-chromium, iron oxide and/or carbon black, and additive chosen from charge control agent and/or dispersion stabilizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A dispersion stabilizer and polymerization initiator chosen from azo-based compound, peroxy ester compound, peroxy carbonate type compound, acyl peroxide type compound and peroxide compound are added during the manufacturing process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The surface layer contains (meth)acrylate type polymer resin. The (meth)acrylate type polymer resin in the polymer resin layer has weight average molecular weight of 10000-200000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium chloride, lithium triflate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium sulfide, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium citrate, lithium bis(oxalate)borate, lithium bis (nonafluoro) methane, lithium Tetrafluorooxalatophosphate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium bis(pentafluoroethyl sulfonyl)amide, lithium bis(Trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and/or lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide. The cathode comprises lithium mangante oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium titanium oxide, lithium titanium sulfide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium ferrous phosphate, lithium manganese phosphate, lithium cobalt phosphate, lithium nickel phosphate, and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide. The anode includes graphite, graphene, soft carbon, plasticized coke, vanadium oxide, lithuim vanadium oxide, lithium germanium oxide, lithium titanate oxide, silicone, silica, and/or lithium silicide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyhedral silsesquioxane comprises polyethylene glycol as a functional group. The polyethylene glycol includes ethylene oxide recurring unit of 1-13.3. The polyethylene glycol is connected to polyhedron silsesquioxane with 1-8 silicon atoms. The polyethylene glycol-polyhedral silsesquioxane has a structure of formula (I). The present amount of polyhedral silsesquioxane is 5-50 wt.%. The polymeric matrix comprises polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly methylmethacrylate, polysiloxane and/or polyphosphazene.R = CH2CH2(OCH2CH2)mOCH3; andm = 1-13.3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic material having contains manganese, cobalt, iron, chromium, lanthanum, strontium, calcium and barium, and their oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal conductor powder contains 1 g pure metal powder and 100 g e transition metal chosen from nickel, iron and chromium. The air electrode has lanthanum with perovskite structure and particle size of 0.01-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic compound is polyvinyl butyral. The viscoelastic material contains plasticizer, dispersing agent, toluene and ethyl alcohol. The plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate. The dispersing agent is fish oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Heating is done at 110-250 degrees C for 1-10 hours. Relative centrifugal force for sedimentation is 2536-9509 g. The deflocculation temperature and time are 20-90 degrees C and 4-30 hours, respectively. Preferred Process: The diluted acid is added with a reducing agent or complexing agent for washing the precipitate of hydrolyzed titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diluted acid is selected from diluted sulfuric acid, diluted citric acid, tartaric acid or diluted hydrochloric acid. The reducing agent is selected from hydroxylamine hydrochloride or ascorbic acid. The complexing agent is selected from citric acid, tartaric acid or ammonium fluoride. The peptizing agent is selected from tartaric acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid or phosphoric acid. The peptizing agent is added in 0.01-0.48 g/mL of industrial titanium liquid. The humectant is selected from polyethylene glycol, butylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, propylene glycol, xylitol or N,N'-dimethyl formamide. Preferred Compositions: The additive comprises (in wt.%): terpineol (400- 900), ethyl cellulose (0.5-6), 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene glycol (0.005-0.1), acetylacetone (0.2-1), polyethylene glycol 2000 (1-6), hydroxyethyl cellulose (1-10), polyvinyl alcohol (0.5-2), octoxynol-1 (0.02-0.15) and humectants (0.1-0.5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermoconductive filler is preferably spherical alumina powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass powder is lead-free glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The epoxy resin is E44 and E51 epoxy resin. The organic solvent comprises terpineol and/or polyethylene glycol 400, pine alcohol and polyethylene glycol 200. The plasticizer comprises dibutyl phthalate, polyester plasticizer or multi-element alcohol ester plasticizer. The thickening agent is ethyl cellulose, butyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. The plasticizer is flexible high molecular plasticizer. The surfactant comprises ethanol, toluene, sorbitan oleate and lecithin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte further comprises lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide sulfonate, dual lithium imide triflate. The ionic liquid modified graphite oxide is substituted 3H-imidazol-1-ium compound of formula (I). The ionic polymer is substituted 3H-imidazol-1-ium compound of formula (II) or 3-phenyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium compound of formula (III). The ionic liquid is substituted 3H-imidazol-1-ium compound of formula (IV).Y1 = Br, I, SCN, N(CN)2, C(CN)3, B(CN)4, BF4, PF6, CF3SO3, C2F5SO3, N(SO2CF3)2 or CF3COO;R, R1, R2 = H , methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or phenyl;X = I, Br, Cl, SCN, N(CN)2, C(CN)3, B(CN)4, BF4, PF6, CF3SO3, C2F5SO3, (N(SO2CF3)2) or CF3COO;Z =I, SCN, N(CN)2, C(CN)3, B(CN)4, BF4, PF6, CF3SO3, C2F5SO3, (N(SO2CF3)2) or CF3COO; ands = 0-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Packaging adhesive film contains 60-90 pts. wt. ethylene alpha -olefin polymer in which differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) peak detected at 40-80 degrees C is 40-90 pts. wt. ethylene alpha -olefin random copolymer, and 2.16 kg melt flow rate measured at 190 degrees C is 0.5-5 g/10 minutes ethylene alpha -olefin random copolymer. 1st adhesive layer or 2nd adhesive layer contains siloxane graft polymer, ethylene alpha -olefin polymer, and siloxane graft polymer with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. 1st adhesive layer or 2nd adhesive layer contains 100 pts. wt. ethylene alpha -olefin polymer, 100 pts. wt., or 1-30 pts. wt. siloxane graft polymer. Preferred Parameter: Thickness of barrier layer is 180-400 mu m. Thickness of 1st adhesive layer is 10-50 mu m, preferably 20-30 mu m, and 2nd adhesive layer is 10-250 mu m, preferably 80-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The graphite oxide is prepared by mixing graphite having purity of 99.5%, and mixed solution of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and 65% concentrated nitric acid, stirring, then adding potassium permanganate, heating, oxidizing, then adding 30% hydrogen peroxide solution to remove potassium permanganate, filtering, then washing filter material using diluted hydrochloric acid and deionized water and drying. Preferred Composition: The mass-volume ratio of graphite, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide is 1 g:85-95 ml:20-25 ml:4-6 g:6-10 ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains solute including lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and solvent including dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and acetonitrile. The electrolyte has concentration of 1 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The aluminum alloy layer comprises aluminum and metal or nonmetal alloy. Metal or nonmetal is silicon, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, chromium and titanium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The scratch-resistant wearable coating is fluorine resin. Fluorine resin is polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, PTFE and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The adhesive layers is polyurethane adhesive layer, acrylate adhesive layer or epoxy resin adhesive layer. Insulating barrier layer is polyethylene terephthalate layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The system is provided with a unit made of transparent sphere material that is selected as glass, quartz, plastic, acryl, poly-methyl methacrylate, poly-carbonate, compressed asbestos fiber (CaF), or Magnesium Fluoride (MgF).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fluorine resin layer is polytetrafluoroethylene, poly perfluoro, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride or poly-perfluoroethylenepropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol 4000 and polyethylene glycol 6000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Parameters: Particle size of corundum is 0.053 mm. Particle size of fused silica is 0.279 mm. Particle size of kyanite is 0.173 mm. Kaolin is suzhou III kaolin with particle size of 0.053 mm. Preferred Components: Additional binder agent is sulfite pulp waste, hydroxymethyl cellulose, dextrin, or epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The rare earth oxide is Eu2+, Eu3+ or Tb3+.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first ligand is dibenzoylmethane, salicylic acid, formic acid phenyl ester or benzoic acid. Second ligand is o-phenanthroline, 2,2-bipyridyl, tri-n-octylphosphine or triphenyl phosphorus oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plastic filling material is thermoplastic material which is polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The core particles has particle size of 1-6 nm. The shell has thickness of 0.3-0.9 nm. Preferred Composition: The content ratio of iridium with respect to platinum and/or ruthenium is 0.1-50 atomic%, 5-30 atomic% preferably. The catalyst is supported by carbonaceous material. Preferred Conditions: The platinum, iridium and/or ruthenium are mixed within same layer. The iridium and/or ruthenium are interposed between platinum and gold core particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composition is: able to manipulate one portion of the wavelength spectrum in 0.3-2.5 mu wavelength region; and at least partially in film or sheet form, which optionally has been stretched or subjected to thermomechanical processing in at least one dimension. The copolymer is: an olefin block copolymer; a mesophase separated block copolymer; and grafted with vinyl triethoxysilane or vinyl trimethoxysilane. The photovoltaic device comprises many semiconductors, where: at least two of the semiconductors have different bandgaps; light that enters the article passes through a film that separates the light to a desired bandwidth; and the desired bandwidth of light is passed to a solar cell matched to the frequency of the desired bandwidth of light. Preferred Process: The process further comprises forming the article from the composition. EXAMPLE - Silane-grafted olefin block copolymer (OBC) was heated at 190 degrees C for 15 minutes. The obtained silane-grafted OBC was than subjected to compression molding under 20000 lbs pressure, at 170 degrees C for 10 minutes, and the 50 mil thick sheets were cooled between cooling platens at 15 degrees C and 20000 lbs for 10 minutes. After removing the molded samples, they were placed in a foil bag under nitrogen to prevent reaction of the silane group with water vapor in the air. The obtained compression molded sheet was soaked for 45 minutes in a 70:30 toluene:titanium isopropoxide mixture. The soaked sheet was removed, and moisture cured by placing it into a scintillation vial in a bag containing a wet paper towel. The bag was closed and placed in an oven at 70 degrees C for 2 hours to obtain the composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconductor material is selected from the group of silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium nitride and gallium phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The spent hydride fuel includes spent ammonia borane, and is derived from lithium amidoborane, sodium amidoborane, magnesium amidoborane, calcium amidoborane or aluminum amidoborane. The liquid ammonia further comprises an ammonium salt or an amide salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The method enables impregnating thermosetting resin into the fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal microparticles are chosen from gold, silver, copper, nickel, tin, palladium, aluminum and/or its metal alloys.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of amino resin is 5-45 %mass with respect to total mass of polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate (A) further has atomic group of formula: -O-C(=O)-N(-H)-R9- (II). The curable resin composition further comprises metal-oxygen bond-type structure (Y) of formula: R7-(M(-R3)(-R4)-R2-M(-R5)(-R6))i-R8 (III). The curable resin composition comprises curable resin (A11) obtained by copolymerizing isocyanate compound (A2) and (meth)acrylate (A1) of formula: (=C(-R0)-C(=O)-O-R12-C(=O)-R11-C(=O)-O-CH2-C(-X)(-H)-CH2-O)m-R10 (IV). The curable resin composition further comprises thiol compound (D) of formula: (HS)p-R15 (V). The metal-oxygen bond-type structure (Y) is bonded to (meth)acrylate (A). The curable resin composition further comprises monomer (B) which does not correspond to (meth)acrylate compound (A) and functional group of formula: -C(-Rz)= (i) and epoxy group of formula (ii).R9=1-30C bivalent hydrocarbyl in which carbon atom is optionally substituted by hetero atom, or 1-10C hydrocarbyl;i=positive integer;M=silicon, germanium, tin, titanium, or zirconium;R2=saturated 1-50C hydrocarbyl, or oxygen;R3-R8=H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, hydroxy, vinyl, allyl, acryloyl oxypropyl, or O-M-O group;R0=H, or methyl;m=1 or more;R10=m-valent 1-30C hydrocarbyl;R11,R12=1-30C bivalent hydrocarbyl (optionally substituted by heteroatom, or 1-10C hydrocarbyl);X=hydroxy, or linking structure through heteroatom;p=1 or more;R15=p-valent 1-30C hydrocarbyl (optionally substituted by heteroatom or 1-10C hydrocarbyl);andRz=H, or methyl.Preferred Process: The curable resin is obtained by copolymerizing (meth)acrylate (A1), isocyanate compound (A2), and polyol compound (A3).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The solar cell module further consists of front cover, and sealing agent contained between photovoltaic cell and a front cover.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth element is preferably chosen from europium, samarium and terbium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The number ( alpha ) of components of ligand (a) per rare-earth element, and the number ( gamma ) of component of ligand (c) is preferably 3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device includes expanded polypropylene or polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or N-methyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): A mixture comprising phosphoric acid acetic acid in volume ratio of 1:6 is added into chloromethyl ethyl ether and thiophene, reacted at room temperature for 15-20 hours, 500 mL ice-water mixture is added, and subjected to chloromethylation reaction, to obtain 2,5-dichloro-methyl thiophene. The obtained product is washed using deionized water, dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, distilled under reduced pressure, and vacuum dried at 0-20 degrees C. Then, tetrahydrothiophene is added into the resulted product, methanol is added, 0.1-4 mol/L sodium hydroxide is added as polymerization initiator, and reacted. The reaction is stopped by adding 0.1-4 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and dialyzed using methanol solution for 20-30 hours, to obtain 1-5 mg/mL water-soluble polythiophene acetylene conjugated polymer precursor. The resulted product is annealed under nitrogen or rare gas atmosphere, to obtain water-soluble polythiophene acetylene conjugated polymer. The mass ratio of thiophene and chloromethyl ethyl ether is 1:2.5. The volume ratio of phosphoric acid and thiophene is 1 mL:0.8 g. The molar ratio of 2,5-dichloro- methyl thiophene and tetrahydrothiophene is 1:2. The molar ratio of 2,5-dichloro-methyl thiophene and sodium hydroxide is 1:1. Preferred Process: A layer containing titania sol is spin-coated on surface of indium-tin oxide glass, and mixture containing water-soluble polythiophene acetylene conjugated polymer and cadmium-tellurium nanocrystal in mass ratio of 1:1-1:5, is spin coated on surface of titania sol. The resulted product is annealed after deposition of gold electrode, to obtain water-soluble hybrid battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive is chosen from glass bead, glass fiber, mica, talc, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicone oil, wax, carbon black, metal powder and/or flame retardant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plastic composition comprises 25-40 wt.% ultra-high molecule polyethylene, 40-55 wt.% ultra-high molecule polyethylene fiber and 10-30 wt.% additive. The plastic composition further comprises polyamide chosen from polycaprolactam, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexamethylene sebacamide diamine, poly-12-adipamide, poly-aminoundecanoic acid, and/or polydodecalactam sebacamide diamine. Preferred Property: The plastic sand has diameter of 2-5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon nanotubes is 8-10 wt.%. The content of nano silicon dioxide is 10-12 wt.%. The organic solvent is chosen from ethanol, propanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The particle size of black ceramic particles is less than 30 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base material contains 7-15 %mass black mud, 2-8 %mass kaolin, 10-20 %mass anti-brittle agent and 60-80 %mass slag of vanadium and titanium. The content of water is 10-40 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive contains 10-20 %mass toner, 0-0.5 %mass methyl and 0.1-0.8 %mass water reducer. The content of polycarbonate resin, solvent, black ceramic particles, plasticizer, leveling agent, dispersant, anti-settling agent and silane coupling agent is 20-35 %mass, 30-50 %mass, 1-3 %mass, 0.01-1 %mass, 3-5 %mass 0.5-2.5 %mass and 1-3 %mass, respectively. The plasticizer is dioctyl phthalate. The leveling agent is silicone oil, polydimethylsiloxane polyether and/or polyester modified polysiloxane. The dispersant is polyamine or alkanolamine. The anti-settling agent is fumed silica. The silane coupling agent is KH550-type silane coupling agent, KH560-type silane coupling agent and/or titanate coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The filler sheet has tensile fracture distortion of 700% or more and tensile modulus of 50-150 MPa. Preferred Definitions:    R1=2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the wavelength conversion material is 0.000001-1 part mass, preferably 0.0001-0.01 part mass with respect to 100 parts mass of resin material. The wavelength conversion material contains microparticles including acrylic resin, or is supported by the microparticles. The acrylic resin is resin having polymethyl (meth)acrylate as a main component. The microparticles are spherical. The olefin (co)polymer is ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer, low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene and ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer obtained by polymerization using metallocene catalyst. Preferred Process: The microparticles are dispersed in the resin material. Preferred Property: The time required to reduce fluorescence intensity of the sealing film by 30% with respect to fluorescence intensity before irradiation is 10 hours or more measured by arranging the sealing film at distance of 235 mm from ultraviolet ray lamp having irradiation intensity of 1000 W/cm2, carrying out continuous irradiation at 63 degrees C and sequentially measuring fluorescence intensity based on luminescence peak area at wavelength of 580-640 nm in fluorescence emission spectrum obtained when 325 nm light ray corresponded on excitation wavelength of wavelength conversion material is irradiated to the sealing film. Preferred Definitions:    R=H;and    n=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The particle size of titanium dioxide is less than 100 nm. The specific surface area of fumed silica is 90-200 cm3/g.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is methyltris (methylethylketoxime) silane and/or vinyltris(methylisobutylketoxime)silane. The catalyst is chosen from dibutyl tin laurate, dibutyl tin diacetate, stannous octoate and dibutyl tin dioctoate. The silane coupling agent is chosen from ( gamma )-(methacryloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane, ( gamma )-glycidoxy propyl methyl diethoxy silane, ( gamma )-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane, ( gamma )vinyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy) silane and bis((( gamma )-trimethoxysilyl) propyl) amine. The flame retardant is chosen from aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, antimony trioxide, zinc carbonate, zinc borate, melamine, melamine phosphate, melamine cyanurate and ammonium polyphosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The average molecular number of polyisobutyl resin is 10000-40000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of catalyst 0.5-10 mol%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Nitrogen-containing compounds of formula (II) or (III) are provided in the molar ratio of 1:1-1:2 in an inert gas atmosphere and dissolved in the primary solvent and catalyst, and stille coupling reaction is performed at 70-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, to obtain thiophene and pyrrole ketone unit-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid diimide copolymer. Preferred Composition: The primary solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethylether, dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene and monochlorobenzene. The catalyst is mixture of organic palladium catalyst or organic palladium catalyst, and organic phosphine ligand. The molar ratio of mixture of organic palladium catalyst or organic palladium catalyst, and organic phosphine ligand is 1:2-10. The organic palladium catalyst is chosen from tris(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium and tetra(triphenylphosphine)palladium. The compound (II) is 2,9-dibromo-6,13-dioxatetracyclo(6.6.2.04,16.011,15)hexadeca-1,3,8(16),9,11(15)-pentaene-5,7,12,14-tetrone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The 3-propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride solution has a concentration of 45-55%. A volume fraction of the acetic acid solution is 2%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nano-tube is present in an amount of 8-10 wt.%. The nanometer silicon dioxide is present in an amount of 10-12 wt.%. The fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and acrylic acid are present in a mass ratio of 2:1. The organic solvent is ethanol, propanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Device: In the device, the molecule sequence of the polypeptide is capable of forming series of alpha spiral structure of amino acid sequence, the amino acid is 8-24. The amino acid C-terminal at the molecular end is grafted with amino-containing thiol, thioether or disulfide and organic sulfide. The hydrogenase is only iron hydrogenated. Preferred Method: In preparing the oriented alpha -helical polypeptide monomolecular film, the film-forming solution in the concentration of alpha-helical polypeptide molecule is 0.1-10 mM. The film-forming solution used is selected from solvents selected from water or organic solvent, the organic solvent is selected from N,N-dimethylformamide, fluorine substituted alcohol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The self-assembly reaction time is 6-24 hours. In preparing water conditioner utilizing solar energy nanometer biological hydrogen-producing device, the hydrogenated enzyme is 0.05-1 U/ml. The raw material also comprises condensation reaction catalyst, where the catalyst is 1-(3-dimethyl amino propyl)carbonyl dimethylene amine hydrochloride and 1-hydroxyl benzotriazole.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Device: In the device, the high molecular polymer substrate is polyethylene glycol terephthalate or polyimide film. The photo-electron donor is one of thiol ferrocene structure represented by formula (I).n=2-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amine-based curing agent is aliphatic or aromatic polyamine having at least 2 amine groups, preferably polyethyleneimine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, propylene diamine and/or diethylamino propylamine. The epoxy compound is diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, N,N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline, trimethyl propane triglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether and/or diepoxy cycloctane. The total content of epoxy compound and amine-based curing agent is 1-10 wt.% with respect to content of gel polymer electrolyte. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithiumtetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoro methanesulfonate, lithium hexafluoro acetate, lithiumbis trifluoro methanesulfonyl imide and/or lithiumbis oxolato borate. The organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and/or ethyl propionate. The organic electrolytic solution further contains functional additive chosen from vinylenecarbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, propane sultone, and/or succinic anhydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electromagnet is made of soft iron or silicon steel. The fan-shaped wall is made of aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fan-shaped wall is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of nanosilica particles is 1-45 wt.%, preferably 20-40 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The total content of epoxy resin and polyester is 51-99 wt.%, preferably 60-80 wt.%. The low-molecular weight polyester has molecular weight of 100-2000, preferably 200-800. The surface-modified polar organic group is epoxy group. The adhesive composition has Shore D hardness of more than 60, preferably more than 80. The adhesive composition has dielectric constant of less than 3.5, preferably less than 2.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyethylene is linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene or low-density polyethylene. Polyethylene wax contains epoxy group and hydroxyl functional group. Inorganic filler is titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide and nano-aluminium oxide powder. Functional auxiliary agent comprises antioxidant, anti-aging agent, light stabilizer, and light absorbent or coupling agent. Antioxidant, light stabilizer, light absorbent and coupling agent are antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1076 or antioxidant 168, light stabilizer 791 or chimassorb 2020, UV-O or UV-531 and silane coupling agent KH550 or silane coupling agent KH560. Preferred Conditions: Polyethylene wax having low melting point melts at 100-105 degrees C. Thickness of the polyethylene composite thin film is 25-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover body is made of metal, conductive rubber or conductive silicon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silicon oxide coating is silicon oxide or silicon dioxide coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Base layer is polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and/or polyamide (PA) with thickness of 10-800 mu m. Weather-resistant layer is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) film, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) film, fluoroethylene-alkyl vinyl ether (FEVE) film, PA film, PEN film, PBT film, or high weather-resistant PET film. UV conversion layer is composed of acrylic acid resin, polyurethane, epoxy resin, PTFE, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, and/or silicone rubber added with nano calcium carbonate, nano titanium dioxide, nano zinc oxide, and/or tin oxide nanopowder. Polymer adhesive layer is acrylic acid resin adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive, or polyurethane adhesive. Preferred Parameters: Weather-resistant layer has thickness of 5-200 mu m. UV conversion layer has thickness of 1-40 mu m. Polymer adhesive layer has thickness of 1-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Nitride ceramic particle is silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, and/or boron nitride. Preferred Parameters: Nitride ceramic particle has particle diameter of 100-1000 nm, preferably 400-800 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl formamide, or deionized water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Adhesive is polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile polyhydric polymer, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid series resin adhesive, and/or acrylic ester adhesive. Thickener is butyl benzyl phthalate ester, cellulose derivative, and/or acrylic ester. Cellulose derivative is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Dispersant is O-(2-aminopropyl)-O'(2-methoxyethyl)polypropylene glycol, Hypermer KD-1 (RTM: Polyester/polyamine condensation polymer), Hypermer KD-3 (RTM: Polymeric surfactant), polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium silicate, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, polyacrylic acid, polypropylene glycol, polypropylene, citric acid amide, polyethylene glycol, and/or sodium polyacrylate. Preferred Processes: Nitride ceramic coating is prepared by mixing solvent, dispersant, and thickener, vacuum stirring for 2-4 hours, cooling using cooling water for 2-4 hours while stirring, standing and defoaming for 2-4 hours, adding powdered nitride ceramic particles, stirring for 2-4 hours, high-speed dispersing in vertical shear type dispersing machine, adding adhesive, vacuum cooling using cooling water for 2-4 hours while continuously stirring, vacuum defoaming for 2 hours, sieving to obtain uniformly mixed nitride ceramic slurry, coating on positive electrode pole piece edge, negative electrode surface, and/or membrane using coating device in which coating speed is controlled 2-4 m/minute, and drying pole piece or membrane in oven at 60-120 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery cover is made of engineering plastic or nylon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solder layer includes tin. The substrate includes silicon and a glass. The intrinsic layer includes amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The adhesion layer has porous structure. The thickness of the adhesion layer is 5 mu m or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material comprises plastics or titanium or stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-unsaturated fatty-acid-ester copolymer (A) is the ethylene-acryl acid alkylester copolymer or ethylene-acryl acid ethyl copolymer. The copolymer (B) comprises ethylene- olefin random copolymer (b-1) and copolymer (b-2) obtained by copolymer (B) copolymerizing the alkoxysilane which has a polymerizable functional group, and the ethylene- olefin random copolymer (b-1). The resin composition further contains low basic optical stabilizer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The buffer layer comprises binder and organic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The system utilizes heat sensing resistive particles i.e. silver nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The system utilizes material i.e. polyvinylidene fluoride having pyroelectricity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The stretchable matrix material is selected from the group consisting of elastomers, PTFE, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, PVC, silicone, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, natural rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic vulcanizates. The reinforcing fiber is selected from the group consisting of glass-fiber, carbon fiber, Kevlar (RTM: Para-aramid synthetic fiber) fiber, natural fiber, polymeric fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The 5-membered ring cyclic carbonate compound is a reaction material obtained by reacting epoxy compound and carbon dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyhydroxy polyurethane resin is resin derived by reacting 5-membered ring cyclic carbonate compound and an amine compound. The hydroxyl group in the resin is crosslinked by reacting with a crosslinking agent. Preferred Composition: The polyhydroxy polyurethane resin contains 1-25 %mass structural component (-COO-) consisting of carbon dioxide. The multiple-types of film have gas barrier film (8) and/or base film (6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic carbodiimide compound is of formula (I) or (II). The ratio of content rate (B) of the cyclic carbodiimide with respect to the polyester and content rate (C) of the isocyanate group with respect to the polyester and the reacting compound, is 0.005-10, preferably 0.05-10. The isocyanate group and the reacting compound contain the compound having trimerization catalyst and hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl-containing compound has 3 or more hydroxyl group in a molecule, preferably phenolic hydroxyl group. The phenolic hydroxyl group is hindered phenolic hydroxyl group. The compound having three or more hydroxyl group is pentaerythrityl tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tbutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate). The trimerization catalyst is potassium propionate, octylic acid potassium, or stearyl trimethyl-ammonium bromide. The carbodiimide-ized catalyst is phosphorus-containing compound. The molecular weight of the phosphorus-containing compound is 250 or more, and is phosphine oxide or phosphate ester. The difference of yellowness (YI-1) of the polyester film before heat processing and the yellowness (YI-2) of the polyester film after heat-processing at 180 degrees C for 120 hours, is 0.1-10.R1, R5=alkyl, aryl, or alkoxy;R2-R4, R6-R8=H, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy, in which R1-R8 optionally combine with each other and forms a ring;X1,X2=single bond, -O-, -CO-, -S-, -SO2-, -NH-, or -CH2-;L1=bivalent coupling group;R11, R15, R21, R25=alkyl, aryl or alkoxy;R12-R14, R16-R18, R22-R24, R26-R28=H, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy, in which R11-R28 optionally combine with each other and forms a ring;X11, X12, X21, X22=single bond, -O-, -CO-, -S-, -SO2-, -NH-, or -CH2-;andL2=tetravalent coupling group.Preferred Properties: The melting temperature of reaction mixture is 120-350 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    R1,R5,R11,R15,R21,R25=secondary or tertiary alkyl or aryl;and    R2,R6=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Each of the amounts of 1st and 2nd blend layers is not less than 1% to total mass of mixture. 1st and 2nd blend layers contains molybdenum trioxide (MoO3):aluminum (Al) mixture, tungsten trioxide (WO3):silver (Ag) mixture, nickel oxide (NiO):gold (Au) mixture, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5):copper (Cu) mixture, molybdenum trioxide:tungsten trioxide:aluminum mixture, nickel oxide:vanadium pentoxide:silver mixture, molybdenum trioxide:aluminum:silver mixture, molybdenum trioxide:tungsten trioxide:aluminum:silver mixture, molybdenum trioxide:tungsten trioxide:vanadium pentoxide:aluminum:silver:gold mixture, and molybdenum trioxide:tungsten trioxide:vanadium pentoxide:nickel oxide:aluminum:silver:gold:copper mixture. Metal layer material is silver, gold, aluminum, or copper. Rigid flat substrate is glass, quartz, or semiconductor. Flexible flat substrate is plastic. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of 1st and 2nd blend layers is 10-300 nm. Thickness of metal layer is 8-30 nm. Preferred Processes: Manufacture of metal layer involves performing electron beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, or ion sputtering.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide precursor is tin tetrachloride pentahydrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cross-linking agent is polyethylene alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoelectric conversion element contains ruthenium complex dye, and phthalocyanine compound of formula (a1-a2), (b1-b2), (c1-c2) or their salt, and cyclobutanone compound of formula (d1,d2) (e1,e2) or their salt.R30-R45=H, halo, optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, acyl, aminoacyl radical, aryl or aryloxy;R46-R57=H, halo, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl , aryl, amino or heterocyclyl;M2,M3= optionally substituted bivalent or trivalent or tetravalent metal atom;R58,R59,R62,R63=aryl substituted by alkyl, aryl, or alkyl;R60, R61,R64,R65=H, halo, carboxy, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or -L3-Z;L3=alkylene, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, sulfonic acid or its salt, or hydroxy;Z=-COOM5;M5=alkyl, H or salt formation cation;at least one of R46-R47 and R60,R61,R64 and R65=acidic group;andor R60+R64+C=ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine resin layer comprises ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (a) is carried out by exposing carbon nanostructure to a Lewis acid, such as aluminum chloride. Preferred Components: The carbon nanostructure comprises a fused network of aromatic rings, optionally comprising a border at which the fused network terminates, where the cyclobutyl and/or cyclobutenyl group is attached to the network via at least one ring atom of the network, and two ring atoms of the cyclobutyl and/or cyclobutenyl group are form covalent bonds with two ring atoms of the network of aromatic rings. The carbon nanostructure comprises two cyclobutenyl groups (optionally substituted), or three cyclobutenyl groups (optionally substituted). The carbon nanostructure is a fullerene, a nanotube, graphene, or graphite. The carbon nanostructure comprises bicyclo(2.2.0)hex-2-ene compounds of formula (I), or bicyclo(2.2.0)hexane compounds of formula (II). The electron acceptor material comprises a carbon nanostructure. The electron donor material comprises a conducting polymer. The cyclobutenyl group precursor comprises an alkyne species having a structure of formula (Ra1-C-C-Rb1).A = carbon nanostructure;R1a-R4a = H, hydroxyl, halo, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocycle (any of which is optionally substituted);R1-R6 = H, hydroxyl, halo, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocycle (any of which is optionally substituted), where any two of R1-R6 is joined to form an optionally substituted ring, preferably an epoxide ring; andRa1, Rb1 = H, alkyl, or heteroaryl (any of which is optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises reacting perylenediimide derivative with acryloylchloride at -5 to 0 degrees C for 4-6 hours, under anhydrous condition in presence of base which is triethylamine or pyridine in dichloromethane as solvent. Preferred Method: The perylenediimide is 1,7-bis(4-(di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide-n-(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)propyl)-n'-hexanol (II), which is prepared by hydrolyzing 1,7-bis(4-(di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide-n-(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)propyl)-n'-hexyl acetate (III) at temperature of 20-40 degrees C for 1-3 hours under basic conditions in a mixed solvent composed of tetrahydrofuran and ethanol, where the base is lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution. (III) is prepared by reacting 1,7-dibromo-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide-n-(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)propyl)-n'-hexyl acetate (IV) with 4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl) amino)phenyl boronic acid at temperature of 95-105 degrees C for 24-36 hours under protection of inert gas in presence of catalyst and base in solvent, where the solvent is toluene or N,N-dimethylformamide, the catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, the base is potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate aqueous solution and the inert gas is nitrogen. (IV) is prepared by reacting 1,7-dibromo-perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride with 2-ethyl hexyl propylamine and 6-aminohexanol at temperature of 150 degrees C for 36-60 hours under protection of inert gas in solvent, where the solvent is mixed solution of dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone and glacial acetic acid, and the inert gas is nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrolyte salt is lithium salt e.g. lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) (LiSbF6), lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) (LiAsF6), lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide (LiN(SO2CF3)2), lithium bis(pentafluoroethyl sulfonyl)imide (LiN(SO2C2F5)2), lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide (Li(SO2CF3)3), and/or lithium bis(fluorosulfuryl)imide (LiN(SO2F)2).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Non-aqueous organic solvent is cyclic carbonate, chain carbonate, aliphatic carboxylic acid ester, gamma -lactone, and/or their fluorine derivatives. Polymerization initiator is azo initiator and peroxide initiator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Monomer composition contains less than or equal to 5 wt.% monomer, less than or equal to 5 wt.% auxiliary monomer of formula R4C(=CH2)C(=O)OR5 (II), and 0.001-1 wt.% polymerization initiator. Electrochemical device is lithium battery.R4=H or Me; andR5=1-6C alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or N(CH3)2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is ethanol, propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from ethanol, propanol and isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The purity of zinc oxide powder and metal (M) oxide powder is more than 99.99%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is made of quartz, glass or polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conducting filler is aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride or titanium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coupling agent is 3-aminopropyl dimethoxy silane, vinyl dimethoxy silane, isopropyl bis(dodecylphenyl acid) titanate, isopropyl tri(dioctyl phosphate acyloxy) titanate or tetraisopropyl bis(dioctyl acyloxy phosphate) titanate, or isopropyl distearoyl acyloxy aluminium acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of graphite, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, 65% concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide is 1 g:85-95 mL:24-25 mL:4-6 g:6-10 mL. The concentration of graphite oxide in a mixed solution is 0.5-1 mg/mL. The reducing atmosphere is mixed gas atmosphere of protective gas and reducing gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bonding agent is polyvinylidene fluoride. The conductive agent is acetylene black. The electrolyte is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium triethyl pentyl phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or disulfuryl fluoride lithium nitride. The solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate or acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The gel matrix is immersed in 0.5-2 mol/L lithium salt solution containing solvent chosen from ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gel matrix further contains plasticizer chosen from dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl isophthalate and dibutyl terephthalate. The mass of the plasticizer and polyvinyl acetate is 1:2-2:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The organic solvent is methyl pyrrrolidone, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, and/or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of powder (A), powder (B) and powder (C) is 90-98 wt.%, 1-5 wt.% and 1-5 wt.%, respectively. The functional powder further comprises superfine 1-10 wt.% silver powder as powder (D). The inorganic glass powder is composition comprising 70-80 wt.% bismuth oxide, 8-15 wt.% silicon dioxide and 5-10 wt.% zinc oxide and/or composition comprising 75-85 wt.% bismuth oxide, 10-20 wt.% silicon dioxide and 1-5 wt.% boron trioxide. Preferred Process: The inorganic glass powder is obtained by mixing raw materials, placing in furnace, heat-preserving, water-quenching, filtering and ball milling. Preferred Properties: The particle diameter of powder (A), powder (B) and powder (C) is 0.2-2 mu m, 20-300 nm and 0.2-2 mu m, respectively. The powder (D) has particle diameter, specific surface area and tap density is 0.1-2 mu m, 1-3 m2/g and 4-5 g/cm3. The slurry has fineness and viscosity of less than 5 mm and 50-90 Pa.second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises organic solvent, thickening agent and additive. The organic solvent is chosen from terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine, carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol butyl ether, glycol ether acetate and lauryl alcohol ester. The additive is chosen from polyamide powder, modified hydrogenated castor oil, cetyl alcohol and octadecanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thickening agent is chosen from ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose and rein binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive is anti-ultraviolet stabilizer (preferably ortho-hydroxyl benzoic acid, 2-benzotriazole, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methyl diphenyl ketone, 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine) and thermo-oxidative ageing-resistant stabilizer (preferably diaryl secondary amine and para-phenylene amine and its derivative).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The resin alloy layer is composed of polyethylene terephthalate and additive. The adhesive layer is made of polyolefin material, and is polyacrylic acid binder, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl alcohol. The fluorin plastic layer is selected from polyfluortetraethylene, polytrifluorochloroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The battery comprises rear air electrode is made of carbon material, adhesive and catalyst. The catalyst is selected from platinum, gold, palladium, palladium cobalt, manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxohydroxide, manganese oxide, and iron(III) oxide. The carbon material is acetylene black, super-conductive carbon black, graphite, BP2000 and KB.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium-air battery comprises button cell shell selected from CR1130, CR1220, CR1616, CR1620, CR2016, CR2025, CR2032, CR2330, CR2430, CR2450 and CR2477, and ventilating film comprising PTFE, polyethylene PE, polypropylene, polydimethylsiloxane layer and polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The adhesive is selected from PTFE or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The degassing process is carried out at vacuum of 0.08 MPa and rotating speed of 100 rpm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vacuum metallized coating layer comprises gold, silver, copper, aluminum and/or nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent film is polyethylene glycol terephthalate film or polyvinyl chloride film, preferably biaxially oriented polyethylene glycol terephthalate film. The base film is polyethylene glycol terephthalate film, polyvinyl chloride film, polymethyl methacrylate film, biaxial oriented polypropylene film, polyethylene film or polypropylene thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pigment is titanium pigment, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The functional masterbatch comprises polyethylene terephthalate powder and additive comprising pigment, anti-hydrolytic agent, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorbent, fluorescent whitening agent, hot stabilizing agent, blocker and dispersing agent. The anti-hydrolytic agent is polycarbodiimide, carbodiimide or imine ester. The antioxidant is IRGAN0X1076 (RTM: phenolic antioxidant), IRGAN0XB215 (RTM: phenolic antioxidant) or IRGAN0XB900 (RTM: phenolic antioxidant). The ultraviolet absorbent is chosen from TINUVIN 328 (RTM: hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole) or UV-234 (RTM: hydroxyl phenyl benzotriazole). Preferred Property: The viscosity of polyethylene glycol terephthalate is 0.86-1 dl/g, preferably 0.86-0.95 dl/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): An ester compound of formula: Cl-R1-COO-R2 is reacted with imidazole under ice bath condition under inert gas atmosphere. Sodium metal is added to anhydrous methanol, stirred at room temperature for 2-4 hours. The molar ratio of sodium metal, imidazole and anhydrous methanol is 1:0.8-1:1. The mixture is reacted at 40-600 degrees C for 2 hours for 16-32 hours, cooled to room temperature, filtered, filtrate is concentrated, solvent is removed, and column-separated, to obtain imidazolium compound of formula (II). Then, 3-chloropropyl trimethoxy silane is dissolved in methyl alcohol, pH of solution is adjusted using hydrochloric acid solution, reacted for 40-60 degrees C for 2-3 days, to obtain polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (III). The obtained compound is reacted with sodium iodide and tetrabutylammonium iodide, refluxed for 72-96 hours, reaction system is poured into water, extracted with dichloromethane, organic phase is washed with water for several times, dried by rotary evaporation, and solid is washed several times with methanol and dried to constant weight, to obtain silsesquioxane compound of formula (IV). The obtained compound of formula (IV) is reacted with compound (II) in molar ratio of 1:8-1:12, dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, stirred at room temperature for 20-50 hours, and organic layer is washed with tetrahydrofuran, ultrasonically-treated, to obtain solid ionic liquid of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (I).R'=(-CH2)-Cl;andR"=(-CH2)-I.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is mixture of acetone and toluene. The weight ratio of acetone and toluene is 1:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The copper sulfate electrolytic solution has copper concentration of 82 g/L and sulfuric acid concentration of 120 g/L. The additive solution contains poly disulfide propane sulfonate with concentration of 15 ppm, polyethylene glycol with concentration of 8 ppm and hydrochloric acid with concentration of 5 ppm. The chromate solution has concentration of 2 g/L and pH value of 5. The content of silicon in silane coupling agent is 500 ppm. Preferred Properties: The ratio of amino-based silane coupling agent and epoxy-type silane coupling agent is 3:1. The electrolytic copper foil has a thickness of 6-18 mu m (preferably 6 mu m), surface roughness value of 1.81 mu m or less (preferably 0.14 mu m), yield strength of 18 kgf/mm2 or more (preferably 25 kgf/mm2), elongation rate of 6% or more (preferably 6%), anti-stripping intensity value of 0.8 kN/m or more, and surface-treated chromium film processing layer content of 10-40 mu m/dm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The free radical ultraviolet sensitive raw material comprises 97-99.5% base resin, 0.2-1% monomer, 0.1-1% photoinitiator and 0.2-5% auxiliary agent. The cationic ultraviolet sensitive raw material comprises 97-99.5% cationic monomer, 0.4-2% diluent and 0.1-2% cation light initiator. The monomer is styrene and its derivative, or monofunctional or polyfunctional acrylic ester. The photoinitiator is benzoin, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether and acetophenone derivative. The photosensitizer is benzophenone and/or anthraquinone. The auxiliary agent is plasticizer, thixotropic agent, filling agent, antistatic agent, flame retardant and/or coupling agent. The diluent is active epoxy resin diluent, cyclic lactone, and/or vinyl ether monomer. The cationic photoinitiator is diaryl iodine onium salt, triaryl iodine onium salt, triaryl sulfur onium salt, and/or triaryl selenium onium salt. The mixed system raw material comprises bisphenol A epoxy resin, sulfonium hexafluorophosphate, sulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, butyl glycidyl ether, long carbon chain glycidyl ether, hydroxyl group-containing monomer, and/or difunctional or trifunctional polycaprolactone polyol, or tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, alpha -hydroxy cyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone, benzoin ether, and/or diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate salt, or 2-glycol allyl ether, epoxy acrylate resin, xylene iodide salt, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone, and/or 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propiophenone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base resin is unsaturated polyester resin, acrylic resin and/or polythiol-polyene system. The acrylic resin is polyester-acrylate, epoxy-acrylate, urethane-acrylic ester and/or polyether-acrylic ester. The polythiol-polyene system is of formula (I)-(IV).n=not defined.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium compound is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium acetate, lithium nitrate, lithium chloride or citrate. The tin compound is tin oxide (SnO), SnO2, tin nitrate, stannic chloride, tin carbonate or hydroxide. The manganese compound is manganese oxide, manganese carbonate, manganese hydroxide, manganese acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride or manganese citrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The wet milling medium is deionized water, distilled water, ethanol, acetone, methanol or formaldehyde.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorinated lithium salts are of formula (Li+X-).X- = PF6-, (FSO2)2N-, F-, BF4-, (CF3)2PF4-, (CF3)3PF3-, (CF3)4PF2-, (CF3)5PF-, (CF3)6P-, CF3SO3-, CF3CF2SO3-, (CF3SO2)2N-, CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-, (CF3SO2)2CH-, (SF5)3C-, (CF3SO2)3C-, CF3(CF2)7SO3-, CF3CO2- or (CF3CF2SO2)2N-.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The halogenated alcohol is 2-6C fluorinated alcohol, preferably 2-fluoroethanol or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. The content of halogenated alcohol is 0.01-10 pts. wt. based on 100 pts. wt. organic solvent. The organic solvent includes linear carbonate, cyclic carbonate, ether, ester and/or amide. The linear carbonate is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate and/or ethyl propyl carbonate. The cyclic carbonate includes ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, 2,3- pentylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate and/or their halides. The ether is dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether and/or ethyl propyl ether. Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous electrolyte further comprises cyclic sulfite, saturated sultone, unsaturated sultone and/or non-cyclic sulfone. EXAMPLE - 100 pts. wt. 1:2 vol./vol. Mixture of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, 3 pts. wt. vinylene carbonate, 1.5 pts. wt. propane sultone, 100 g 1M lithium hexafluorophosphate solution and 0.5 g 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol were mixed to obtain the non-aqueous electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The pure-water utilization apparatus is fuel cell (80).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antimicrobial material is bronze or nickel copper. The noble-potential material is nickel or stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent substrate is selected from a transparent plastic material. The transparent plastic material is selected from glass, quartz, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene terephthalate or polyethersulfone. A transparent electrode is selected from a material. The material is selected from indium tin oxide, transparent conducting oxide, aluminum-dopped zinc oxide or indium zinc oxide. The metal electrode is selected from aluminum, magnesium, lithium, calcium, copper, silver, gold, platinum or their alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The material is selected from polyethylene dioxythiophene, polyaniline or polypyrrole. The p-n type polymer nano composite structure is made of a material selected from C60 fullerene, C70 fullerene or 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode comprises lithiated silicon. The electrolyte comprises a material selected from tetraglyme, propylene carbonate and organosilicon compounds. The organosilicon compound is selected from compound of formula R2-Si(R1)(R3)-(CH2)m(OCH2CH2)n-OH, R2-Si(R1)(R3)-(OCH2CH2)n-R4, R1-O-(CH2CH2O)n-Si(R2)(R3)-O-(CH2CH2O)m-R4, where R1-R4 are less than 5C alkyl moieties, and m and n are 1-10. The separator comprises a glass fiber material. The electrolyte further comprises a salt. The salt is a lithium salt. The lithium salt is selected from lithium-tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium-bis (trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl) imide, and lithium bis-(oxalatoborate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monomer comprises zero positive and negative power supply, having a positive electrode and the negative electrode between gamma layer containing aluminum salt. The aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate and/or aluminum ammonium sulfate. The power supply monomer comprises silver, silver-nickel alloy or nickel-chromium alloy, and negative power supply monomer comprises magnesium or magnesium-containing alloy. The negative electrode surface is provided with through hole with two layers of coating, where the first coating is made of azelaic acid with the thickness of 0.01-0.05 mm, the second coating material is aluminum sulfate, the first coating layer located on the surface of the negative electrode, and second coating on the first coating. The positive electrode active material is lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate. The positive material contains first additive and/or second additive, where the first additive is yttrium oxide and/or niobium oxide, and the second additive is a magnesium or magnesium-containing material. The magnesium is magnesium vanadate. The second additive is oxidation of magnesium vanadate, and the first additive is yttrium and niobium oxide. The positive electrode active material is lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gamma layer further comprises 5-15 pts. wt. tourmaline, 10-50 pts. wt. carbon-containing material, such as graphite and/or graphene. The gamma layer further comprises 10-150 pts. wt. alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, 50-500 pts. wt. polyol, 1-100 pts. wt. silicon oil and 1-60 pts. wt. alkali metal halide, where the alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene (40) ether, polyol is glycerol and/or mannitol, and alkali metal halide is sodium chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Hydrophilic group-containing conjugated aromatic monomer and fluorine-containing benzothiazole are copolymerized, to obtain fluorine-containing benzothiazole hydrophilic polymer conjugate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): N,N-dimethylformamide, phosphorus oxychloride and triphenylamine are mixed, stirred at 80-100 degrees C for 30-60 minutes, cooled, the reaction mixture is poured into ice water, sodium hydroxide solution is added to the reaction mixture, pH is adjusted to 6-8, precipitated, filtered, and washed with cold water, to form triphenylamine formaldehyde. The obtained triphenylamine formaldehyde, aniline, sodium borohydride and anhydrous ethanol are mixed, stirred at room temperature for 3-4 hours, the solvent is removed, water is added, separated, extracted with ethyl acetate, and organic layer is dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, to obtain triphenylamine methanol. The triphenylamine methanol, 1-bromo-n-octane and sodium hydride are dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, stirred at room temperature for 42-48 hours, quenched with water, and extracted with dichloromethane, to obtain 4-octyloxy-methyl-N,N-diphenyl-aniline. N,N-dimethylformamide, phosphorus oxychloride and 4-octyloxy-methyl-N,N-diphenyl-aniline are dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane, reacted at 70-80 degrees C for 42-48 hours, cooled to room temperature, extracted with chloroform, organic layer is washed with water and dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, to form 3-octoxy-3',3"-diformyltriphenylamine. The o-phenylenediamine is dissolved in ethanol, heating, dripping 3-octoxy-3',3"-diformyltriphenylamine, refluxed for 12-16 hours, cooled for 4-6 hours, filtered and dried, to form 3-octoxy-3',3"-dimethyl acyl triphenylamine-o-phenylenediamine copolymer. The 3-octoxy-3',3"-dimethyl acyl triphenylamine-o-phenylenediamine copolymer, o-phenylenediamine, 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid and methanol are mixed, heated, refluxed for 12-16 hours, washed with methanol and ethanol, and dried, to obtain triphenylamine-containing polymeric metal complex (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is ethanol, propanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coupling agent is silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, zirconate coupling agent and/or phosphate coupling agent. The catalyst is acid catalyst having pH of 2-4 or basic catalyst having pH of 11. The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, ketone solvent, polyvinyl alcohol, ester solvent and/or ether solvent. The additive is wetting agent, flatting agent, antifoaming agent, pH regulating agent, thickening agent, hardening agent, dispersing agent and/or surface active agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modified silicone resin coating solution contains 5-20 wt.% organic silicone resin, 0.1-5 wt.% coupling agent, 0.5-10 wt.% crosslinking agent, 5-20 wt.% mixture chosen from silica sol, titanium sol, zirconia sol and/or aluminium sol, 0.1-5 wt.% catalyst, 0.1-5 wt.% additive and remainder of organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium imide salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), LiN(CaF2a+1SO2) (CbF2b+1SO2), lithium chloride and/or lithium iodide.a, b = 1-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is 1-bromo-2-etoxy benzene. The electrolyte includes 0.1-10 wt.% of electrolyte additive. The electrolyte further includes an organic solvent and lithium salt, where the organic solvent is ester solvent, ketone solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and/or carbonate solvent. The organic solvent is a mixture of a low dielectric constant organic solvent and a high dielectric constant organic solvent with the volume ratio of 2-8:8-2, where the organic solvent having high dielectric constant is ethylene carbonate and/or polypropylene carbonate, and the organic solvent having low dielectric constant is methylethylcarbonate, dimethylcarbonate, and/or diethylcarbonate. The organic solvent includes the ethylene carbonate or the polypropylene carbonate, the methylethylcarbonate, and dimethylcarbonate or diethylcarbonate to the volume ratio of 2-8:1-5:1-3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotube is obtained by film-forming or adsorbing a solution containing precursor comprising organic inorganic mixed perovskite compound. Preferred Process: The carbon nanotube layer is obtained by carrying out coating-film formation of carbon nanotube dispersion liquid containing surfactant or polymeric binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The pH regulator is lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Compound (I) is prepared by adding dropwise 100 pts. wt. acrylic acid, 50-100 pts. wt. maleic anhydride, 20-40 pts. wt. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate, 20-40 pts. wt. allyl polyoxyethylene ether and lithium hydrogen sulfite into reactor at 60-80 degrees C for 40-60 minutes, finishing adding dropwise at 55-75 degrees C for 2-2.5 hours, and adding pH regulator to adjust pH to 6.5-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the raw material comprises lithium nitrate, manganese nitrate tetrahydrate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. In the step (ii), the raw material comprises lithium nitrate and cobalt acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the steps (i) and (ii), the solvent is mixture of distilled water, acid and alcohol. The viscosity of core viscous solution and shell viscous solution is 0.1-1.5 Pa-second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The chelating agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polypropylene and/or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The anode active material has average diameter of 100-300 nm, comprises shell having less than or equal to 50% thickness of the overall diameter and is in uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial form. Preferred Method: In the step (iii), electrospinning is carried out at a voltage of 10-30 kV by maintaining tip-to-collector distance of 5-20 cm. The step (iv) is performed under atmospheric pressure or vacuum at more than 100 degrees C for more than 8 hours. The step (v) comprises performing primary heat treatment at 450-550 degrees C and performing secondary heat treatment at 600-900 degrees C. The step (v) is performed under inert gas and/or oxygen containing atmosphere. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt consists of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluroantimonate, lithium aluminate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate, lithium imide salt (LiN(C2F5SO3)2), lithium bisperfluoroethanesulfonimide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium imide salt of formula (LiN(CaF2a+1SO2)(CbF2b+1SO2)), lithium chloride, lithium iodide and lithium bisoxalatoborate.a = 1-20; andb = 1-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte additive consists of isothiazole, 2,3-dihydroxy and 1,1-dioxide, and is present in an amount of 0.1-10 wt.%. The electrolyte further comprises an organic solvent and a lithium salt. The organic solvent consists of ester solvent, ether solvent, ketone solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, alkoxyalkane solvent, and/or carbonate solvent. A volume ratio of the organic solvent with a high dielectric constant and the organic solvent with low viscosity is 2:8-8:2. The organic solvent with a high dielectric constant consists of ethylene carbonate and/or propylene carbonate. The organic solvent with low viscosity consists of methylethylcarbonate, dimethylcarbonate and/or diethylcarbonate. The volume ratio of ethylene carbonate and polypropylene carbonate:methylethylcarbonate, dimethylcarbonate and diethylcarbonate is 5:1:1 to 2:5:3. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent is ethanol, ethylene glycol, n-butanol, or isopropanol which are generally not used as high-boiling point solvent in which resulting reaction liquid can be dried and directly dissolved to be used in preparing solar battery silicon slurry, and important processes, such as slow evaporation, debugging, and testing are carried out.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Synthesis of acrylic resin involves pre-distilling raw materials in quartz glass distillation apparatus individually before mixing and removing metal ions to ensure no metal ions are introduced in other stages. Introduction of monomer is carried out all at once and addition of initiator is carried out with intervals which ensures smooth progress of polymerization reaction and suitable molecular weight range of polymer. Addition of initiator which is hydrogen peroxide solution is carried out by adding initial amount at beginning and adding specified amount at regular intervals during reaction to resolve long reaction time and instability of hydrogen peroxide. Preferred Components: Monomer is methyl acrylate and acrylic acid. Monomer concentration is 10-20 wt.% total acrylic acid in solvent to obtain homogeneous transparent solution and stable system of modified silicon dispersed in solution. Initiator is hydrogen peroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface of the carbon paper has an oxygen content of 1-10%. The carbon fiber has a length of 3-8 mm. The carbon fibers are present in an amount of 0.02-0.5 wt.%. The dispersed solution comprises a thickening agent consisting of carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, hydroxyethyl cellulose and/or acrylic thickener. Preferred Method: The ozone treatment is carried out under an atmosphere and at 10-250 degrees C and an ozone concentration of 10-200 g/m3 for 0.08-3 hours. The wet processing step comprises dehydrating the surface to prepare a carbon fiber web, carbonizing a thermosetting resin, impregnating the carbon fiber web with the carbonized thermosetting resin, and curing the mixture by applying heat and pressure. The applying step is performed at 120-300 degrees C for 0.1-2 hours. The pressure is 0.2-5 bar. The carbonizing step is performed at 800-2100 degrees C for 0.2-10 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermosetting resin is phenol resin, polyurethane resin, melamine resin and/or epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solid electrolyte comprises 50-80 pts. wt. comb polysiloxane, and 5-30 pts. wt. lithium salt. Lithium salt comprises lithium chlorate (LiClO4), LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiCF3SO3, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiBC2O4F2, LiC4BO8, LiPF6, LiAsF6 or LiBF4. Electrolyte comprises not greater than 30 pts. wt. binder containing polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid or polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene. Ratio of polymethyl olefin is 0.8-1. Preferred Process: Method comprises mixing olefin and 1,3-dioxolane compound of formula (IV), straight ketone compound of formula (V) and silicon containing compound of formula (VI) for addition reaction to obtain product, at weight ratio of olefin, and compounds (IV), (V) and (VI)of 1:9-9:1, at 80-110 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic substrate material is at least one inorganic oxide, inorganic fluorine oxide, inorganic sulfide and inorganic halide. The inorganic substrate material is sodium lutetium fluoride (NaLuF4), Sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF4), sodium gadolinium fluoride (NaGdF4), lithium yttrium fluoride (LiYF4), potassium yttrium fluoride (KYF4), lithium lutetium fluoride (LiLuF4), calcium fluoride (CaF2), strontium fluoride (SrF2), barium fluoride (BaF2), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), yttrium trifluoride (YF3), zinc fluoride (ZnF2), lutetium trifluoride (LuF3), lanthanum trifluoride (LaF3), calcium oxide (CaO), strontium oxide (SrO), barium oxide (BaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), lutetium oxide (Lu2O3), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), lanthanum oxide (La2O3), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG), YOF, calcium oxide fluoride (Ca3O2F2), yttrium oxide sulfide (Y2O2S), calcium sulfide (CaS2), lanthanum sulfide (La2S3) or cesium lutetium bromide (Cs3Lu2Br9).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The doping composition further comprises a binding polymer and a matrix material. The substrate comprises silicon. The matrix material comprises nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The phosphor containing acid is an orthophosphoric acid, a metaphosphoric acid, and a pyrophosphoric acid. The salt is a metal salt of the phosphor containing acid. The salt is an acid salt of the phosphor containing acid. The salt is selected from Al(H2PO4)3, Al(PO3)3, Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4, Ca(H2PO4)2, Ca2P2O7, MgHPO4, Mg3(PO4)2, Zr(HPO4)2, and/or Na4P2O7. The solvent is an organic solvent. The solvent is selected from alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amine, organosiloxane, halogenated hydrocarbon, and/or hydrocarbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binding polymer is selected from polyacrylate, polyacetal, polyvinyl, cellulose, cellulose ethers and esters, and/or their copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The electron acceptor is a mono-substituted fullerene derivative which is composed of a second fullerene structure and a mono-substituted derivative connected to the second fullerene structure. Each of the first and second fullerene structures is a matter comprising C60 molecule, C70 molecule or C84 molecule. The mono-substituted derivative is a C60 derivative e.g. (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The electron donor is substantially a conjugated polymer which is a material comprising poly(3-hexylthiophene) or their derivatives. The multi-substituted fullerene derivative is bis-PCBM. The weight percentage of the bis-PCBM in the total amount of fullerene derivatives is 4-17 wt.%. The mesoscale is a size defined to be 20-300 nm. The nanoscale is a size defined to be smaller than 20 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic oxide layer comprises silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, and/or zinc oxide. The carbon dispersion comprises carbon nanotube, graphene, graphene oxide, chemically reduced graphene oxide, and/or graphene nanoribbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent comprises water, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, propylene carbonate, ethanol, isopropanol, and/or 1-propanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The synthetic resin comprises polyethyleneterephthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyimide, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate), or polyethersulfone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Smooth layer and gas barrier layer are adjoined, and the gas barrier layer is formed on the smooth layer. Preferred Components: Mixing ratio (A/B) of (meth)acrylate (A) which has phosphate ester group, and polyfunctional (meth)acrylate (B) is 3/100-30/100. The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate is methacrylate compound which has 2-3 methacryloyl group, and benzyl group-containing acrylate oligomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase change material is modified paraffin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The monofilament exhibits a diameter of 0.5-4.5 mm. The monofilament is parallely incorporated in the fabric. The fabric is a woven-, knitted- or braided fabric. The fabric comprises nonwoven webs between which the monofilaments of the phase change material are interposed, before needling. The fabric is multilayered, where individual layers comprise the woven- or the knitted fabric, and the monofilament made of the phase change material is incorporated in at least one of the layers. The monofilament is a drawn fiber made of pure modified paraffin. The monofilament is present on both sides of polyester filaments of the fabric. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The optical coating layer comprises silicon dioxide, and/or titanium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The grid release agent comprises 0.5 pts. wt. collagen, 0.7 pts. wt. polyethylene, 0.4 pts. wt. kieselguhr, 0.2 pts. wt. water glass, 0.4 pts. wt. aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 3 pts. wt. of 200-300 meshes soft wood powder, 3 pts. wt. of 700-800 meshes of soft wood powder, and 91.8 pts. wt. water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of color pigment is 2-20 g/m2 with respect to the olefin acryl composite polymer layer. The volume fraction of color pigment is 15-40% with respect to olefin acryl composite polymer layer. The color pigment is titanium oxide or carbon black, preferably titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent is a water soluble compound having oxazoline group. The content of crosslinking agent if 10-75 %mass with respect to total content of olefin resin and the acrylic resin. The crosslinking agent comprises catalyst, which is an onium compound chosen ammonium salt, sulfonium salt, iodonium salt, and phosphonium salt. The onium compound is dibasic ammonium phosphate. The content of catalyst is 0.1-15 %mass with respect to content of crosslinking agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The olefin resin has principal chain of ethylene, and has (meth)acrylic acid ester unit. The acrylic resin contains alkyl (meth)acrylate unit, and acrylic resin contains 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate unit. The base film is a polyester film. Preferred Properties: The olefin acryl composite polymer layer has thickness of 30 mu m or less, and is formed into a film by coating. Preferred Layers: The adhesive sheet further consists of undercoat layer (17) comprising olefin resin having elasticity modulus of 320 MPa or less, between the base film and the olefin acryl composite polymer layer, and having thickness of 2 mu m or less, and a weather-resistance layers (12,14) comprising fluorine resin or silicone-acryl composite resin, and provided on another surface of the base film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic particles contain zinc oxide as main component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The polyolefin resin contains polyethylene having viscosity average molecular weight of 250000 to 3 million. The ratio of inorganic particles to total amount of polyolefin resin and inorganic particles is 15-85 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulation layers are made of an electrically insulating material selected from group comprising ethylene-vinyl-acetate, poly(ethylene-terephthalate), high-density polyethylene, PVC, polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylic acid), poly(vinylfluonde) and poly(vinylidenefluoride).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A hole block layer containing lithium fluoride is further provided between photoelectric converting layer and cathode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The n-type organic-semiconductor material is spherical-shaped aggregate. The n-type organic-semiconductor material is (6,6)-phenyl-71C-methyl butyrate, (6,6)-phenyl-61C-methyl butyrate, (6,6)-phenyl-85C-methyl butyrate, indene-60C bis-adduct, (6,6)diphenyl-62C-bis(methyl butyrate), (6,6)-diphenyl-72C bis(methyl butyrate), (6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid-(3-ethyl thiophene) ester and/or 1-(3-methyl carbonyl propyl-1-thienyl 6,6-methano fullerene)(6,6)-phenyl-61C-butyric acid-(2,5-dibromo-3-ethyl thiophene) ester. The p-type organic-semiconductor material is poly-(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), poly((9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(1,4-benzo-(2,1',3)-thiadiazole)), poly((9,9-dihexylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(bithiophene)), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H- cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')-dithiophene alt-4,7-(2,1,3- benzothiadiazole)), poly(2,7-(9-(2'-ethylhexyl)-9-hexyl- fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'- benzothiadiazole)) and/or poly(2,7-(9,9)-dioctylfluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of chlorine contained in components with respect to platinum atom is one or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The penetration by 1/4 cone of cured film (2a) of silicon gel composition is 20-200, measured based on JIS K2220. Preferred Definitions:    a=0.0005-1;    b=1.5-2.4;    a+b=1.5005-2.5;    c=0.6-2.1;    d=0.001-1.0;and    c+d=0.8-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The metal reflection layer is a silver reflection layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The adhesive layer contains silver corrosion inhibitor. The metal corrosion inhibitor is a silver corrosion inhibitor, preferably mercapto compound and/or benzotriazole compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The organic peroxide is t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate or 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The average diameter (((total of average longer axis (l) and average shorter axis (d)))/2) of the polyethylene is 40 mu m or less. The average aspect-ratio (average longer axis (l)/average shorter axis (d)) of the polyethylene is 40 or less. Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with respect to polyethylene is 3:7-6:4. The content of organic peroxide is 0.2-4 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass mixture of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyethylene. The cured sheet is provided between 2 or more sheets of substrates (11A,11B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal salt is lithium salt or sodium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of solvent system and salt is 70-95 wt.% and 5-30 wt.%. The weight ratio of perfluropolyether and polyethylene oxide is 40:60-95:5. The weight average molecular weight of perfluropolyether and polyethylene oxide is 0.4-20 kg/mole and 0.2-4 kg/mole, respectively. The composition further contains initiator and/or electrode stabilizing agent, and has glass transition temperature of -120 degrees C to -20 degrees C, ionic conductivity of 10-4 to 102 Siemens/cm at 25 degrees C, electrochemical stability window of 3-6 volts against lithium/lithium ion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The contact elements are made of elastomer or polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrophobic layer includes carbon nanotubes. The hydrophilic layer is having a precious metal over-coated with silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the non-solar cell shutter is selected from one of Styrofoam and plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is 3-methacryloyloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane or 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane. The organic peroxide is t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl monocarbonate. The addition amount of the silane coupling agent with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 1 pt. wt. or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The vinyl acetate content in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 30 wt.% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The bonding layer comprises resin (A) containing urethane resin and resin (B) containing olefin resin. Preferred Property: The glass transition temperature of urethane resin is 0-40 degrees C. Preferred Process: The solar cell back surface protective sheet is obtained by coating the coating agent comprising resin (A), resin (B) and crosslinking agent to base material layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weather resistance layer contains hydroxyphenyltriazine-type ultraviolet absorber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Copper particles are copper particles which are processed using an acid. The acid is aqueous solution of organic acid and/or mineral acid, preferably sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, hydrobromic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, phenol, cresol, hydroquinone, and/or salicylic acid. The alcohol is saccharides such as glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose and sorbose, reducing sugar such as sorbitol and mannitol, polyvinyl alcohol, and/or polyol such as glycerol, 1,2,6-hexane triol, 3-methyl-1,3,5-pentane triol and 1,3,5,7-cyclooctane tetraol. The VIII group metal complex is triruthenium dodeca carbonyl complex. The content of copper particles is 20-95 wt.%. The content of alcohol is 0.5-80 wt.%. The content of VIII group metal complex is 0.01-50 wt.%. The copper ink composition further contains binder resin. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of copper particles is 5 mu m or less. Preferred Process: The copper ink composition is heated at 100 degrees C or more after coating to a substrate, and a copper film is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (B) contains composition containing zinc compound and silicon oxide. The layer (B) is layer (B1) or layer (B2). The layer (B1) is a layer containing coexistence phase of zinc oxide, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide. The layer (B2) is a layer containing coexistence phase of zinc sulfide and silicon dioxide. The amount of zinc in layer (B1) is 20-40 atom% measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrochemical analysis. The layer (B1) contains 5-20 atom% silicon, 0.5-5 atom% aluminum and 35-70 atom% oxygen. The layer (B2) contains composition having total molar fraction of zinc sulfide and zinc sulfide with respect to silicon dioxide is 0.7-0.9. The average surface roughness (Ra) of layer (A) is 1 nm or less. The average surface roughness (Ra) of layer (B) is 1.5 nm or less. The gas-barrier film has a transparent conductive layer between the layer (B) surface or biaxially-oriented polyester film, and layer (A). The transparent conductive layer contains indium-tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-containing zinc oxide, gallium-containing zinc oxide, metal nanowire or carbon nanotubes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The solar cell module is comprised from polycarbonate resin, and ethylene- vinyl acetate copolymer resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film-forming temperature is 130 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface sealing layer and backside sealing layer are formed of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The back sheet is formed of nylon film, nylon sheet, polyethylene-terephthalate sheet and polyvinyl fluoride sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Acceptor element contains boron (B), aluminum (Al), and/or gallium (Ga). Acceptor element is boron trioxide (B2O3), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and/or gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3), and glass component substance is silicon dioxide (SiO2), potassium oxide (K2O), sodium oxide (Na2O), lithium oxide (Li2O), barium oxide (BaO), strontium oxide (SrO), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), beryllium oxide (BeO), zinc oxide (ZnO), lead oxide (PbO), cadmium oxide (CdO), vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5), tin oxide (SnO), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), and/or manganese oxide (MnO). The composition contains 2-80 mass% glass powder containing the acceptor element. The composition contains 0.1-30 mass% resin. Preferred Definitions:    R1=1-4C alkyl; and    R4=H or 1-4C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The white pigment comprises titanium oxide having average particle diameter of 0.1-0.5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The content of aggregation inhibiting agent is 0.1-10 %mass with respect to the total content of crosslinked main ingredient resin, polyisocyanate compound, and white pigment. The e-silane coupling agent is a mixture of e1 mercapto-group containing silane coupling agent and/or e2 epoxy-group containing silane coupling agent. Preferred Process: The hydrophobic process is carried out to obtain colloidal silica having average particle diameter of 1-500 nm, preferably 3-30 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinked main ingredient resin is a crosslinking substituent containing acrylic resin, and has the glass transition point (Tg) of 25-70 degrees C. The solar cell module comprises sealing material containing polyethylene-type resin comprising silane copolymer obtained by copolymerizing linear low density polyethylene and ethylenic unsaturated silane compound as comonomer. Preferred Property: The low density polyethylene has density of 0.9 g/cm3 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The core-shell particles are formed of non-aromatic component and do not contains an aromatic component. The core-shell particles have a particle diameter of 10-100 nm. The resin component comprises 50-95 %mass polyvinylidene fluoride and 5-50 %mass methacrylic resin. The resin composition comprises 5-30 parts mass titanium oxide with respect to 100 parts mass resin components.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The imidazole compound is 2-methylimidazole. The ionic liquid contains imidazole compound and anion which is bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The membrane further contains block copolymer including styrene repeating unit containing sulfonated styrene block, and alkylene repeating unit. The block copolymer is of formula (II).R1-R4=H, 1-20C alkyl, 6-20C aryl or 2-20C alkenyl;a=5-500;b=5-700;n=0.01-1;andx=0-0.99.N.B. R1-R4, a and b are defined, but does not appear in the structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal particle contain niobium-oxide sol. The content of metal particles is 0.05-2.5 %mass by metal oxide conversion. The surface-treated film contains 20-600 mg/m2 metals derived from the metal particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of total content of resin and oxazoline-group-containing compound with respect to the content of metal particles by oxide conversion is 0.4-7.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic and organic barrier layers are deposited at least two layers. The inorganic barrier layer comprises metal, metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal oxygen nitrides and/or metal oxygen borides. The metal comprises silicon, aluminum, selenium, zinc, antimony, indium, germanium, tin, bismuth, a transition metal and a lanthanide metal. The organic barrier layer has a thickness of 0.1-10 mu m. The inorganic barrier layer has a thickness 100-2000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The photocurable monomer comprises a monomer having 1-30 optionally substituted vinyl groups, a monomer having 1-30 optionally substituted acrylate groups, or a monomer having 1-30 optionally substituted methacrylate groups. The photocurable monomer is present in an amount of 1-99 pts. wt., the silicon-containing monomer is present in an amount of 1-99 pts. wt., and the photopolymerization initiator is present in an amount of 1-20 pts. wt. The silicon-containing monomer comprises acrylic acid 4-((4-acryloyloxy-butoxy)-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-butyl ester and acrylic acid 2-((2-acryloyloxy-ethoxy)-methyl-phenyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl ester. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate is glass substrate or polyethylene terephthalate substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The electro-conductive photo-electrode substrate and the electro-conductive counter electrode substrate are made from plastic selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, cycloolefin copolymer and alicyclic polyolefin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, lithium perchlorate, lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium compound (LiC4F9SO3), lithium 1,1,1-trifluoro-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide and/or lithium perfluoromethylsulfomethanide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of fluorinated phosphazene derivative is 0.5-20, preferably 1-10 mass%. Preferred Components: The additive contains vinylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, fluoro-ethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, ethylene sulfate, sulfuric acid and/or ethylene vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lithium anode is metal lithium, lithium-silicon alloy, lithium-boron alloy, lithium-aluminum alloy and the separator is polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or PP/PE/PP film. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethyl lithium sulfonate, and (trifluoromethyl sulfonate) imide. The protective air electrode is composed of air electrode and breathable film, where the air electrode is composed of carbon material and adhesive, carbon material is acetylene black, super-conductive carbon black, and graphite, the adhesive is poly-ethylene gas diluted PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride and catalyst such as platinum, platinum gold, palladium, palladium coablt, manganese oxide, cobalt oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxyhydroxide, manganese(II,III) oxide, iron oxide, and ventilating film is PTFE, polyethylene, polypropylene, dimethyl silicone polymer, and polyethylene glycol terephthalate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, propylene carbonate ester, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, and gamma -butyrolactone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The average particle diameter of palladium-ruthenium alloy nanoparticle is 3-5 nm. The molar ratio of palladium and ruthenium is 3:2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The contact layer is P-type amorphous silicon carbide, and is formed using silane/hydrogen mixed gas having gas volume flow ratio of 0.5-5, by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. The thickness of contact layer is 2-10 nm. The window layer is P-type amorphous silicon carbide formed using silicon/hydrogen gas having volume flow ratio of 0.05-5. The thickness of window layer is 2-10 nm. The buffer layer is P-type amorphous silicon carbide, and is formed of silane/hydrogen gas having volume flow ratio of 0.02-5. The thickness of buffer layer is 5-15 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The methanation catalyst is the selective methanation catalyst. Preferred Composition: Cobalt and iron contain a solid solution and/or an intermetallic compound. The composition contains cobalt and iron in the weight ratio of 0.05-0.5, and is calculated using the relation: Fe/(Fe+Co). The amount of cobalt and iron is 5-30 wt.% with respect to total catalyst weight. The oxide support contains aluminum, titanium, silicon, zirconium and/or cerium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyether segment block has an oxirane monomeric unit of formula (I) containing group having cationic nitrogen atom of element group 15 or 16. The oxirane monomeric unit has a crosslinkable group, and is chosen from an arylglycidyl-ether monomeric unit, a glycidyl acrylate monomeric unit, and a glycidylmethacrylate unit. The complex is electrolytic membrane.A+=group having onium cation structure having cationic nitrogen atom;andX-=anion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Thickness of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is 50-300 mu m. Thickness of polyvinylidene fluoride film layer is 5-50 mu m. Thickness of fluorocarbon resin coating is 5-80 mu m. Preferred Components: PET substrate is biaxially-streched PET film. Polyvinylidene fluoride emulsion has polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylates, fluorine-containing surfactant, and alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate at controlled proportion. Fluorocarbon resin emulsion has chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyacrylates, and fluorine-containing surfactant at controlled proportion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The rigid substrate is glass or sapphire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal cathode comprises material such as silver, aluminum and copper. The substrate is a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The plasticizer comprises a vinyl ester of three butoxy titanate, isopropyl titanate, n-butyl citrate, partial trimellitic acid (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di(2-ethylhexyl) acrylate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate and chlorosulfonated polyethylene. The cathode buffer layer comprises 1,3,5-tri(phenyl-2-benzimidazole)benzene, bathocuproine, bathophenanthroline and lithium fluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The acrylic resin comprises a polyester-acrylate, epoxy-acrylate and polyether-acrylate. The photoactive layer is an electron donor material and electron acceptor material phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and PTB7. The anode buffer layer comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene), polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT: PSS) or molybdenum oxide (MoOx). The flexible substrate is metal foil, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyimide, vinyl chloride-acetate resin or polyacrylic acid polymer thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive coating contains polyaniline, polypyrrole or polythiophene. The hydroxyl-modified fluorocarbon resin has structural formula: (CFX-CY'Z)m-(CH2-CHOH)n.X,Y',Z=halo;andm,n=more than 0.The adhesive contains polyalcohol component chosen from polyester polyol, polyether polyol, polycarbonate polyol, acrylic polyol and olefin polyol. The molecular weight of polyester polyol is 15000-35000. The fluorocarbon resin has hydroxyl equivalent of 30-100 mg potassium hydroxide/g. The adhesive contains epoxy resin chosen from 15 compounds e.g. bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, butadiene epoxy resin, linear phenol formaldehyde epoxy resin and linear phenolic aldehyde resorcinol epoxy resin. The content of epoxy resin is 5-15 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zero power supply comprises positive electrode, gamma layer containing aluminum salt, and negative electrode. The gamma layer further comprises tourmaline, carbon-containing material chosen from graphite and graphene, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyol, silicon oil and alkali metal halide, the alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, the polyol is glycerol and/or mannitol, the alkali metal halide is sodium chloride. The aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate and/or ammonium sulfate. The anode active material comprises lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide compound (LixNi1-yCoO2) and lithium-manganese-oxide compound (Li1+ aMbMn2-bO4), where x is 0.9-1.1, y is 0-1.0, a is -0.1-0.2, b is 0-1.0, and M is lithium, boron, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, fluorin, iodine or sulfur.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The anode material comprises silver-nickel alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, and magnesium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The power supply monomer comprises positive electrode, negative electrode, and Gamma layer containing aluminum salt. The positive electrode of the power supply unit comprises silver-nickel alloy or nickel-chromium alloy, and the negative power supply unit comprises magnesium or magnesium-containing alloy. The magnesium-containing material is magnesium vanadate. The collector of the positive electrode material comprises positive electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder. Preferred Composition: The gamma layer further contains 1-20, preferably 5-15 pts. wt. tourmaline. The gamma layer further comprises 10-50 pts. wt. micro-carbonaceous material, such as graphite and/or graphene. The aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate and/or ammonium aluminum sulfate, 10-150 pts. wt. polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether, 50-500 pts. wt. polyhydric alcohols, 1-100 pts. wt. silicone oils and 1-60 pts. wt. alkali metal halide, relative to 100 parts by weight of aluminum, where the polyoxyethylene ether is nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene (40) ether, polyol is glycerol and/or mannitol, and alkali metal halide is sodium chloride. The positive electrode further contains 1-3 wt.% first additive material and/or 5-8 wt.% second additive, where the first additive is yttrium oxide and/or niobium oxide, and the second additive is magnesium materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zero power supply comprises positive electrode, gamma layer containing aluminum salt, and negative electrode. The gamma layer further comprises tourmaline, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, polyol, silicon oil and alkali metal halide, the alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, the polyol is glycerol and/or mannitol, the alkali metal halide is sodium chloride. The aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate and/or ammonium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The anode material comprises silver-nickel alloy, nickel-chromium alloy, and magnesium alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Benzyl chloride and carbon nanotube are mixed and reacted in the presence of chlorinated olefin as crosslinking agent, Lewis acid, free radical initiator and benzene, ketone or alcohol as medium at -10 degrees C to 90 degrees C for 16-22 hours. The reaction material is filtered to obtain crude product. The crude product is purified to produce polyphenylene vinylene based organic photovoltaic material. Preferred Composition: The Lewis acid is aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, boron trifluoride, niobium chloride and/or lanthanide triflate. The free radical initiator is potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate. The benzene compound is toluene, xylene or ethyl benzene. Ketone is acetone, butanone or cyclohexanone. The alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Plant fiber is wood pulp fiber. Preferred Parameters: Length of plant fiber is 1.5-4.5 mm, and diameter is 40-55 mu m. Diameter of carbon black particle is 300-500 mesh.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Carbon fiber is polypropylene cyano carbon fiber, and/or carbon fiber base. Thermal adhesive fiber is polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, and/or Kodel 410 (RTM: Aramid fiber sheets). Dispersant is cation polyacrylamide, or polyethylene glycol oxide. Waterproof coating contains hydrophobic resin and carbon black at mass ratio of hydrophobic resin to carbon black of 7:3. Hydrophobic resin is polytetrafluoroethylene, petroleum resin, or epoxy resin. Preferred Parameters: Length of chopped carbon fiber is 1-4 mm. Resistance rate of carbon fiber is 0.001-0.02 Omega .cm. Burst index of carbon paper is 40-120 g/m2, thickness is 0.1-0.25 mm, porosity factor is 50-80%, volume density is 0.4-0.6 g/m3, and resistance rate is 0.03-0.05 Omega .cm. Viscosity of slurry is 60-70 s. Burst index of microporous layer is 2-3 g/m2. Preferred Processes: Preparation of high-performance carbon paper involves modifying chopped carbon fiber using coupling agent, performing high shear dispersion treatment, adding dispersant, dispersing uniformly in water to obtain carbon fiber sizing agent, pulping plant fiber in pulping machine, dispersing completely at 35-45 degrees SR (beating degree) to obtain plant fiber slurry, mixing carbon fiber and plant fiber slurry, adding carbon black particles and dispersing agent, uniformly stirring, performing wet-forming paper making process to obtain carbon paper, drying, subjecting to high pressure, coating with waterproof coating to obtain hydrophobic microporous layer, and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanopowder is nano titanium, nano nickel, nano copper and nano manganese in weight ratio of 1-1.2:1-1.2:2-2.6:2-2.6.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of ethylene glycol and xylene is 1:2. The weight ratio of film-forming material, pigment component and solvent is 4-5:6-8:12-13, preferably 4:6:12.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silane coupling agent is gamma -methacryloxypropyl dimethoxy silane and N-phenylaminopropyl trimethoxysilane. The light stabilizer is poly((6-((1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-butyl)amino))-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-bis((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidyl)imino)-1,6-hexanediyl((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)) or poly(4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinol). The antioxidant is pentaerythritol tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) or tri(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt index of 2-6 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C under load of 2.16 kg.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrophile material includes polymer, monomer, acrylic acid, acrylamide, mallein anhydride, ethylene imine, oxazoline, amine, styrene, vinyl acid and vinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is chosen from 15 compounds e.g. lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium chlorate and lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte further contains 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluoro-N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)hexanamide as additive. The sulfonyl group-containing compound (I) is 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentane-1-sulfonate. The sulfonyl group-containing compound (II) is lithium(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-undecafluoropentane-1-sulfonate). The non-aqueous solvent is chosen from the ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methypyrrolidone, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone and sulfolane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The additive further includes sulfur-containing compound of formula (II) and lithium-containing compound of formula (III). The perfluoroalkyl group-containing compound (I) is 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-undecafluoro-N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)hexanamide. The sulfur-containing compound (II) is 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate. The lithium-containing compound (III) is lithium-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate. The content of additive is 0.1-10 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of electrolyte. The nonaqueous solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma -butyrolactone and sulfolane. The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium perchlorate, lithium boron chloride (LiB10Cl10), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium trifluoromethylacetate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium aluminum chloride, methylsulfonate (CH3SO3Li), lithium trifluoromethylsulfonate (CF3SO3Li) and lithium trifluoromethylsulfonimideR6=R1;c=1-7;b,d=0-3;andR5=2-8C perfluoroalkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of: polyaniline is 15 pts. wt.; styrene oxide is 4 pts. wt.. Preferred Method: In the method, triethylenediamine is uniformly stirred for 3 hours after dissolving in acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: carbon source is selected from phenolic resin, furfural resin or urea-formaldehyde resin. The curing agent is selected from hexamethylene tetramine, paraformaldehyde, aniline and tartaric acid. The surfactant is selected from Span (RTM: Sorbitan derivative) or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol. INRGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid solution is selected from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid. The metal source is selected from nitrate or chloride of copper, cobalt, nickel, zinc or iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Process: The glass powder is pulverized to 2-5 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyol ester organic solvent is of formula: CnH2n+2(COO)2, where n is 3-7.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modified phenolic resin is an organic boron-modified phenolic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic additive is tellurium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesium stearate and/or zinc stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier comprises 6-10 wt.% ethyl cellulose resin, 2-4 wt.% cellulose acetate resin and 86-92 wt.% diluent. Preferred Components: The diluent and the solvent are butyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol, terpineol and/or dodecyl alcohol. The auxiliary agent is thixotropic agent and dispersant. The thixotropic agent is Crayvallac (RTM: Rheological additives) and/or Crayvallac(RTM: Micronised amide modified hydrogenated castor oil rheology modifier) MT. The dispersing agent is BYK-110, BYK-111 and/or KD-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Process: During preparation of lithium battery, organic solvent containing ethanol, acetone, methylene dichloride and grease is used.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anode active material comprises lithium manganate, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material and layered lithium-rich material. The anode conductive agent comprises acetylene black, carbon nanofiber and carbon nanotube. The anode current collector is carbon-coated aluminum net having thickness of 15-50 mu m. The cathode current collector is carbon-coated copper net having thickness of 10-35 mu m. Preferred Properties: The aluminum net and copper net have mesh size of 50-500 meshes, thickness of 50-200 mu m, length of 60 cm and width of 15-30 cm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition :The anode adhesive comprises polyvinylidene fluoride and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weight content of hydrophobic plastic crystal is 50-80%, hydrophobic redox compound is 15-45% and additive is 5-10%. The hydrophobic redox compound has structure of formula (X), preferably (XI). The additive is benzimidazole.g = 1-6;m=1-4; andh = 14-20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metal layer is copper foil, aluminum foil or nickel foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The curing agent is chosen from polyisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, hydrogenated diphenyl methane diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material layer comprises polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and/or polyethylene naphthalate. The adhesive layer is epoxy resin adhesive, saturated polyester adhesive, polyurethane adhesive, or acrylic adhesive. The insulating layer comprises epoxy resin, polyester resin or acrylic resin. Preferred Property: The thickness of weather-proof layer is 20-25 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The stabilizer is aluminum, potassium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum silicate and/or iron. Preferred Property: The polymerization degree of polyvinyl chloride resin is preferably 700-800.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite heat-resisting modifier comprises 90-95 wt.% ( alpha )-methylstyrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and 5-10 wt.% ( alpha )-methyl styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer. The acrylonitrile content in ( alpha )-methylstyrene-acrylonitrile copolymer is 10-27 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber to ethylene-propylene is 60:40-70: 30. The third monomer is ethylidene norbornene, where mass is 1-3 wt.%, average molecular weight is 5000-15000, Mooney viscosity is 30-70 Pa.s at 100 degrees C, and hardness is 20-50. The thermoplastic elastomer is ethylenepropylene copolymer, where average molecular weight is 10000-20000, Mooney viscosity is 30-60 Pa.s at 100?Oc hardness is 30-60, and melt index is 1-5 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg. The polyethylene is low density polyethylene, where average molecular weight is 5000-15000 and melt index is 1-5 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has vinyl acetate content of 40-60 wt.% and melt index is 3-5 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg. The compatibilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene. The aluminum hydroxide is Bayer-sintered modified aminosilane. The stabilizer comprises 35-55 pts. wt. calcium stearate, 5-35 pts. wt. zinc stearate, and 35-60 pts. wt. pentaerythritol tetrakis( beta -(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate). Silicone masterbatch contains 10-20 pts. wt. low density polyethylene, 45-75 pts. wt. siloxane and 15-55 pts. wt. silica. The siloxane is methyl vinyl siloxane. Preferred Method: Extruding is done in 5 stages. First to fifth stages have temperatures of 110-120 degrees C, 120-130 degrees C, 130-140 degrees C, 140-150 degrees C and 150-160 degrees C, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Hydrolysis agent is selected from aqueous sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): 9-Alkyl-2,7-dibromo-carbazole is dissolved in tetra hydro furan to obtain a solution. The solution is cooled to 78 degrees C, and then tetra hydro furan solution of n-butyllithium is added dropwise into the cooled solution. Isopropanol is quickly added into the cooled solution to obtain alcohol boron acid ester, and then maintain the temperature of 78 degrees C for 1.5 hours to obtain heated soution. The heated soution is cooled to room temperature and solution are keptfor 8-12 hours, and then processing and purifying reaction is carried out to obtain boronic acid and their ester in presence of argon gas at room temperature. Toluene is added in the reactor, and then and hydrolyzing the mixture. Catalyst is added in the reactor, and then reactor is refluxed at 105-115 degrees C for 40-50 hours. The reactor is cooled to room temperature, and then processing and purifying the cooled product to obtain the desired compound. Processing and purifying of heated products are carried out by using water/ether solvent mixture. Anhydrous magnesium sulfates or sodium sulfate is used to evaporate the solvent. Methanol/acetone solvent mixture is used to recrystallize the evaporated product to obtain boronic acid and their ester. Processing and purifying of resulted solution is precipitated in methanol, and then filtered the precipitate to obtain filtrate. The filtrate is dried, and then filtrate is separated by utilizing the column chromatography to obtain product. The obtained product is precipitated in methanol again, and then dry the precipitate to obtain the desired compound. Preferred Components: Catalyst is selected from tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium or palladium acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The powder has average particle diameter of 0.5-10 mu m and is present in an amount of 0.05-1 pts. wt..    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid silver halide is fatty acid silver halide having carboxy group silver halide and hydroxyl group, or polycarbonic acid silver halide having carboxy silver halide. The fatty acid silver halide having carboxy group silver halide and hydroxyl group is 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-n-butyric acid silver halide and/or 2-hydroxy isobutyric acid silver halide. The polycarbonic acid silver halide is 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid silver halide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises 2-20 pts. wt. of epoxy resin and 0.1-10 pts. wt. of fatty acid silver halide. The epoxy resin is bisphenol A-type epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 1500-4000 g/eq or polyhydric alcohol glycidyl epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of less than 1000 g/eq. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) and (II) are in the form of particles. The composition comprises 100 pts. wt. particles of (I) or (II), 0.1-30 pts. wt. binder polymer and 50-900 pts. wt. solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The binder polymer includes polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber, copolymer of 1-10C alkyl (meth)acrylate and unsaturated carboxylic acid, gelatin, thixoton, starch, polyether polyol, amine group end-treated polystyrene, polyethylene oxide, polyurethane, resin containing carboxy group, self-crosslinked (meth)acrylate copolymer, ester polymer, copolymer with ethylene unsaturated group, phenolic resins and/or epoxy resins. Preferred Method: In step (b), the milling process includes ball milling, satellite milling, three-roll milling and/or attrition milling. In the step (c), the heat treating process is carried out at 400-550 degrees C under chalcogenide atmosphere. EXAMPLE - 10 g Zirconia balls of 1 mm diameter, 1.68 g ethylene glycol, 0.72 g ethanol and 0.01 g polyvinylpyrrolidone were placed in 20 ml Nalgene (RTM: 1 Liter Wide-mouth bottle of translucent polycarbonate), the solution was mixed for 1 minute and ultrasonically processed. 0.6 g Composite particles of copper(II) selenide, copper(I) selenide and indium(III) oxide were added to the solution, then milled at 20 Hz for 1 hour to obtain a dispersed ink. The ink and ball were separated and the ink was ultrasonically processed to obtain ink composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass frit comprises lead oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, boron oxide, bismuth oxide, sodium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide and manganese oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Antimony oxide is antimony trioxide, antimony tetraoxide or antimony pentoxide, and has average particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m. The content of silver powder, glass frit, binder and antimony oxide is 60-90 wt.%, 1-10 wt.%, 5-30 wt.% and 0.001-1 wt.%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic binder comprises cellulose-type polymer, acrylic copolymer and/or polyvinyl resin. The paste further contains dispersing agent, thixotropic agent, antifoaming agent, plasticizer, viscosity stabilizer, pigment, UV stabilizer, antioxidant and coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The piperidinium trifluoromethansulfonyl imide ionic liquid comprises 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium trifluoromethansulfonyl imide, 1-methyl-1-buthylpeperidinium trifluoromethansulfonyl imide and 1-methyl-1-(2-methyl-1-propyl)piperidinium trifluoromethansulfonyl imide. The weight ratio of polypropylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate is 3-4:6-7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: In the backing sheet (S1): the outer layer, the inner layer and the mid-layer comprise a homopolymer; each layer comprises polypropylene; at least one of the layers is compounded with at least one of an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a thermally conductive filler or a light stabilizer; and at least two of the layers are co-extruded, where the backing sheet excludes a polyester layer, and comprises three layers. In the backing sheet (S2): at least one of the outer layer, the inner layer and the mid-layer comprises a compounded polypropylene; and the polypropylene is compounded with at least one of an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a thermally conductive filler, or a light stabilizer. The polyolefin is a polypropylene. The photovoltaic cells are encapsulated with ethylene vinyl acetate. In the photovoltaic module: each of the inner layer, the mid-layer and outer layer comprises polypropylene; and at least two of the inner layer, the mid-layer and the outer layer are co-extruded.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorber layer is composed of copper indium gallium selenide compound (CuInxGa(1-x)SySe(2-y)), where x is 0-1, and y is 0-2. The solution method uses inks of copper indium sulfide (CIS) nanoparticles or inks of CIS precursors.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Ratio of oxygen atom with respect to silicon atom in water vapor barrier layer is 1.6-2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Transparent water vapor barrier film comprises contact bonding layer provided between light-resistant layer and film of water vapor barrier layer and between film of water vapor barrier layer and layer which absorbs UV ray. Light-resistant layer which serves as outermost layer, film of water vapor barrier layer, and layer which absorbs UV ray are laminated in order. Preferred Parameters: Total light transmittance of film at initial stage and after storage at relative humidity of 85% and temperature of 85 degrees C for 1000 hours is greater than or equal to 70%. Water vapor permeability of film at relative humidity of 90% and temperature of 40 degrees C is less than or equal to 0.1 g/m2.day.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent contains compound chosen from 3-5C aliphatic alcohol, 3-7C carboxylate ester, 3C or 4C aliphatic diol monoalkylether, 4-7C aliphatic ketone, 5-6C cyclic alkyl ketone, and 3-6C cyclic alkyl ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active-energy-ray-curable resin composition comprises compound having 4 or more acryloyl group in a molecule, compound (B) having 2 or 3 acryloyl group in a molecule, compound (C) having 1 or 2 acryloyl group and SP deviation of 0.5 or less with the film surface, photoinitiator, and organic solvent. Preferred Property: The thickness of the hard-coat is 5-20 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The optical stabilizer (B) is polycondensate of dibutyl-amine-1,3,5-triazine-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)butylamine). The mass ratio of optical stabilizer (A) is 0.01-1 %mass and mass ratio of optical stabilizer (B) is 0.01-0.9 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The olefin resin is low density polyethylene having density of 0.91 g/cm3 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material contains resin. The thermal contraction rate of base material is 5% or less at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes. The base material further consists of water vapor barrier layer (14), formed on the opposite surface to the fluorine resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is provided with one of solid oxide, polymeric, ceramic, mineral or metallic materials. The material deposited is an oxide, polymeric, ceramic, mineral or metallic material. The material deposited is selected from group consisting of tin oxide, lithium, cobalt oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, titanium oxide, titanium dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, carbon, silicon, nichrome, and hydroxyapatite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The protrusions are formed on substrate (S1) by wet etching or dry etching. Preferred Properties: The unevenness of the surface of substrate (S1) is 30 nm or more. Preferred Composition: The substrate (S3) is layer located in the light-receiving surface side of a thin film solar cell. The graphene film has 30 nm or more unevenness, and positioned in contact with surface of the substrate when the transition-metal substrate has 30 nm or more unevenness on surface and inherits shape. The number of graphene layers is 1-10.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate (S2) comprises polymethyl(meth)acrylate and polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The support member includes kinetic energy absorbing material. The kinetic energy absorbing material is formed of aluminum foam, ceramic, and plastic. The lithium ion core member includes an anode, a cathode and separator disposed between each anode and cathode, where the anode comprises Li metal, carbon and graphite, or silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cavity liners are formed of a plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photovoltaic layers comprise silicon. The sail includes one or more stabilizers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The protective layers (15, 25) adjacent to photovoltaic layers of cell comprise fluoropolymer. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene and/or ethylenetetrafluoroethylene, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive particles are chosen from silver particles, aluminum particles and copper particles. The content rate of electroconductive particles is 10-60 %mass with respect to alkylene oxide-containing compound. The composition further contains glass particles. Preferred Property: The alkylene oxide-containing compound has number average molecular weight of 300-5000000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersion medium is chosen from terpineol, butylcarbitol, and butylcarbitol acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin is chosen from ethyl cellulose, butyral resin, and acrylic resin. The alkylene oxide-containing compound is chosen from polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and poly(ethylene glycol propylene glycol)copolymer. The content of alkylene oxide-containing compound is 0.05-40 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic peroxide is 0.3-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium raw material is a mixture of titanium metal powder and titanium-hydride powder. The content of titanium-hydride powder is 0.1-100% with respect to the mixture of the titanium metal powder and titanium-hydride powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The titanium metal powder is pure titanium powder comprising elements containing iron and oxygen based on Japanese Industrial Standards 1, 2, 3 and 4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base material is polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alicyclic diisocyanate is isophorone diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4- and/or 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanediisocyanate, cyclohexylene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, bis(2-isocyanatomethyl)-4-cyclohexylene-1,2-dicarboxylate (sic), 2,5- and/or 2,6-norbornane diisocyanate, diisocyanate dimer and/or bicycloheptane triisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hydroxyalkyl-modified siloxane polymer is tetramethyldisiloxane diol, tetraphenyldisiloxane diol, diphenyl dimethyl disiloxane diol, dibutyl diphenyl disiloxane diol, polydimethylsiloxane, silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxane and/or hydroxyalkyl terminated polydiphenyl dimethyl disiloxane. The polyol is polyether polyol, polyester polyol and/or polycarbonate polyol. The molecular weight if polypropylene glycol is 50-500. The equivalent ratio of isocyanate group of alicyclic diisocyanate and hydroxy group of hydroxyalkyl-modified siloxane polymer is 100:1-100:10. The ratio of isocyanate group of alicyclic diisocyanate and hydroxy group of polyol is 10:2-10:4. The equivalent ratio of hydroxy group of low-molecular-weight poly propylene glycol and isocyanate group of urethane prepolymer is 0.9-1. EXAMPLE - 100 pts,. wt. Urethane prepolymer having 24% isocyanate content (prepared by stirring 10 pts. wt. hydroxypropyl-terminated polydimethyl siloxane at 50 degrees C, adding 100 pts. wt. 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, heating to 85 degrees C, maintaining the temperature, stirring for 3 hours, adding 12 pts. wt. dipropylene glycol, maintaining the temperature and stirring for 5 hours) and 50 pts. wt. polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 250 were placed in liquid tanks of elastomeric mold machine at 50 degrees C and mixed according to hydroxy to isocyanate ratio of 0.95 to obtain the polyurethane resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-sulfonic acid-type organic compound is chosen from sulfonylimide acid of formula (I) or (II) and its salts, boro-subsalicylate and its salt. The monomer is 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene.m,n=1-8;ando=2 or 3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The density of the conductive polymer layer is 1.15-1.8 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid, graphite, sodium nitrate and water is 50-100 ml:1-7 g:0.1-3 g:1-10 g:100-500 mL:1-10 mL.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The surfactant is poly(ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-ethylene oxide)triblock copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mask layer includes silicon nitride and silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The paste comprises ethylcellulose system resin, acrylate-based resin, epoxy-based resin, and alkyd resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphene layer comprises ferric chloride, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid and/or ferric nitrate. The substrate (a) comprises scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, rubidium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, thallium, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold or their alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dispersing agent is water, alcohol or acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate (b) comprises glass, quartz, silicone, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyethylene sulfone, cycloolefin copolymer or polyarylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (I) is in the form of isotropic or anisotropic objects having a dimension of less than 50 mu m, preferably less than 20 mu m, in the form of particles having dimensions of less than 10 mu m, in the form of anisotropic platelet-type particles or in the form of agglomerates type particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) is in the form of a continuous layer with the thickness of less than 50 mu m, preferably less than 20 mu m, where the layer comprises (I) in an amount of 95 mass%, and includes a polymer matrix in which the particles of (I) having dimensions of less than 5 mu m are dispersed. Preferred Definitions:    z = 0;    a = 1;    b = 1;    c = 0; and    d = 0.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The stabilizing agent is diethanol amine. The dispersing agent is absolute ethyl alcohol. The chelating agent is citric acid. The cross-linking agent is polyethylene glycol 6000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The copper is cathode and aluminum is anode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carbon source is sodium acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The outer body is made up of thin film polythene material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surface active agent is non-ionic surfactant chosen from polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate, ester acid glyceride and polysorbate. The thickening agent is ethyl cellulose and/or thermoplastic acrylic resin. The solvent is terpineol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is terpineol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, tributyl citrate and/or tributyl phosphate. The organic bonding agent is ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and/or nitrated cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluoroantimonate, lithium aluminum oxide (LiAlO4), lithium aluminum chloride, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide), lithium chloride, lithium iodide, lithium bis(oxalate)borate, and lithium salt of formula: LiC4F9SO3, LiN(C2F5SO3)2, LiN(C2F5SO2)2 or LiN(CaF2a+1SO2)(CbF2b+1SO2).a,b=1-20.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The compound (I) is preferably 2,2-dimethyl-1-propylbenzene. The sultone compound is of formula (II).X=single bond, optionally substituted 1-10C alkylene or optionally substituted 2-10C alkenediyl;andR21-R24=H, 1-10C alkyl, 3-30C cycloalkyl, 1-10C alkoxy, halo, 1-10C haloalkyl or 6-30C aryl.Preferred Composition: The content of each of compound (I) and sultone compound contained in the electrolyte is 0.1-10 wt.%. The sultone compound is chosen from 1,3-propane sultone and propene sultone. The weight ratio of compound (I) and compound (II) is 1:10-2:1. The electrolyte further contains an organic solvent and a lithium salt. The organic solvent is chosen from ester solvent, ketone solvent, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, alkoxyalkane solvent, carbonate solvent, solvent with high dielectric constant and solvent with low dielectric constant. The volume ratio of solvent with high dielectric constant and solvent with low dielectric constant is 2:8-8:2. The solvent with high dielectric constant is chosen from ethylene carbonate and polypropylene carbonate. The solvent with low dielectric constant is chosen from methylethylcarbonate, dimethylcarbonate and diethylcarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic particles are selected as metal oxides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, metal titanate and metal phosphoric acid compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The base polymer part is selected as polyvinylidene fluoride, poly (p-phthalic acid) vinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-glycol, diethylene glycol and made of polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The modified filler is obtained by adding attapulgite to 3-4% sodium hydroxide solution for 1-2 hours, adjusting pH to 4-5 by adding 12-15% hydrochloric acid solution, aging for 10-15 hours, adding sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH of polishing solution to neutral, grinding, filtering, drying, obtaining filler powder, adding to 1-2% tea plant essential oil, 1-2% zinc oxide, 1-2% pentaerythritol and 2-3% nano jade powder, co-grinding for 1-2 hours, adding 2-3 wt.% propyl triethoxy silane, 4-5 wt.% polyethylene glycol 6000, and 2-3 wt.% morpholine, and dispersing uniformly at the speed of 11000-12000 rpm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The quantum dot comprises II, III, VI and V groups element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polyfluorene derivatives comprise poly (9,9 fluorene) polymer, dihexylfluorene copolymer, anthracene, side chain containing dendritic biphenyl, aryl substituted tetraalkylammonium and fluorene polymer, aryl substituted indene, fluorene polymer, polyfluorene-thiophene copolymer, 4,7-dithiophene-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 4,7-dithiophene-2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole. The polyfluorene-based compound solution is toluene, chlorobenzene or trichloromethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The outer layer comprises nylon film and polyester film. The bottom layer is polypropylene or polyethylene. The first undercoat or second first undercoat comprises poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, regulator, nano silicon oxide, coupling agent, tackifier and water. The regulator comprises mixture of methanol and ethanol. The coupling agent is aminosilane coupling agent, titanic acid ester coupling agent, alcohol alkoxy titanic acid ester coupling agent. The tackifier is polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nano metal is tungsten. The nano oxide is indium tin oxide, titanium dioxide, vanadium dioxide, alumina, ferroferric oxide or zinc oxide. The nano nitride is nano titanium nitride. The nano-carbide is nano titanium carbide. The nano fluoride is magnesium fluoride. The nano sulfide is nano-zinc sulfide. The nano antimonide is antimony oxide. The nano selenide is cadmium selenide. The nano-material layer has grain size of 300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: UV reactive fluorine surfactant comprises fluorine-containing acrylic ester and/or fluorine polyether. Fluorine-containing acrylic ester is hexafluorobutyl methacrylate, methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid tridecyl fluorine octyl ester, and/or acrylic acid tridecyl fluorine octyl ester. Fluorine polyether comprises polyether modified dimethyl silicone polymer, fluorine-containing polyether and/or fluorine polyether isocyanate. Antifouling anti-scraping layer is 2-8 mu m; first optical thin film layer is 16-36 mu m; polyurethane glue layer is 2-20 mu m; ultraviolet and infrared reinforcing layer is 2-30 mu m; and metal or metal oxide layer is 2-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The modified inorganic solid electrolyte is modified lithium aluminate. The lithium salt is lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and/or lithium tetrafluoroborate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polyoxyethylene-polystyrene block copolymer and/or polymethoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylic acid ester-polystyrene block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The asymmetric (perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl) (polyfluoroalkyl group sulfonyl) imide lithium salt is (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-isopropoxy-sulfonyl) imide. The lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide, lithium bis(oxalato)borate, bis (sulfonyl fluoride acid) imide, (ethylene oxide)-lithium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide and LiN(SO2F)(SO2Rf1). The transition metal lithium oxide is single lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel oxide or a spinel lithium manganate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is a cyclic carbonate, a linear chain carbonates, carboxylic acid esters, and cyclic lactone, preferably dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and dipropyl carbonate. The cyclic carbonate is ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate. The carboxylic acid ester is methyl acetate, CF3CO2CF3, ethylacetate, CF3CO2CF2CF3, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, CH3CH2CO2CH3 (MP), and CF3CF2CO2CF3. The annular lactone is (beta)-propiolactone, beta-butyrolactone, gamma-butyrolactone, (alpha)-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-lactone, delta-Valerolactone, gamma-caprolactone and (epsilon)-caprolactone. The electrolyte comprises SEI film-forming agent comprising vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, chlorinated vinyl ester, propane sultone, butane sultone, and tetraalkyl-diene-siloxanes (ethylene phenyl sulfonyl) (perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl) imide salts. The battery comprises diaphragm with one single layer membrane or multi-layer composite film comprising polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride. The organic solvent is a lactone ring structure of formula (II).n = 0-4; andR1-R6 = H, 1-5C aliphatic group, 6-24C alkoxy group, or alicyclic substituents.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silica prepared from silicates. The silicate is selected from aluminum silicate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, calcium silicate, phosphate, magnesium aluminum silicate, and magnesium silicate. The silicon dioxide is silicon tetrachloride by gas phase method for preparing fumed silica.The positive electrode active material is reversibly off-embedded lithium ion, sodium ion, zinc ion or magnesium ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolyte further comprises a colloidal stabilizer, and the colloidal stabilizer is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, dextrin, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Gas gap comprises gaseous medium of air, anhydrous ammonia, steam, alcohol steam, ketone reactive hydrocarbon, steam chloro styrene, amine and/or acrylonitrile. Amine is propylene diamine, tetraethylene pentamine, cyclohexane, decylamine, diethylene triamine, amine, ethylene diamine, triethylene tetramine, triethylamine and/or methyl propyl amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Full-fluorinated polymer is PTFE, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer and/or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Ethylene copolymer is ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene/(methyl) acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene/(meth) acrylate copolymer and/or ionomers. Amino silane is 3-amino propyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -amino propyl triethoxysilane, N,N-bis((3-trimethoxy)propyl) ethylenediamine, N-(2-amino-ethyl)-3-amino-propyl trimethoxysilane, and/or N-2-(methyl aminobenzyl)-ethyl-amino propyl trimethoxysilane. Preferred Process: Surface processing is flame processing, plasma processing, electron beam processing, processing, chemical processing, processing, hot air processing, ozone processing, UV processing, sand blasting processing, solvent processing, and/or corona processing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inorganic salt is chosen from lithium iodide, potassium iodide, sodium iodide and ammonium iodide. The amount of inorganic salt and iodine salt is 0.01-1 mol/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The high-boiling-point organic solvent is chosen from propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The concentration of polymer having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring is 8-15 wt.%. The concentration of polyvinylidene fluoride is 8 wt.%. The polymer having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring is chosen from polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl pyridine and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transition metal oxide is made of metal selected from a group consisting of titanium, zirconium, strontium, zinc, indium, lanthanum, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, niobium, magnesium, aluminum, yttrium, scandium, samarium, gallium or combination.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The colloidal crystal layer is provided with a colloidal particle containing polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene or polydivinylbenzene, polyamide, polybutyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene or combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The physical blowing agent is 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and/or cyclopentane. The catalyst comprises 33% ethylene diamine solution, pentamethyl ethylenediamine and/or dimethylcyclohexylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic fluorine dispersing agent is DuPont FSWET-1010 organic fluorine dispersant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The chemical binder is carboxylated styrene butadiene latex, carboxylated dispersion, aqueous polyurethane dispersion, acrylic acid-amine latex, acrylic acid-amine copolymer dispersion, solvent dispersion, vinylidene fluoride-based solvent dispersion or vinylidene fluoride aqueous dispersion. The thickening agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or associative thickening agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic fluorine dispersing agent is FSWET-1010 organic fluorine dispersant. The thickening agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or associative thickener.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The chemical binder comprises styrene-butadiene rubber which is carboxyl styrene butadiene latex, carboxylic styrene butadiene rubber dispersion, polyurethane water dispersion, acrylic acid-amine latex, acrylic acid-amine copolymer dispersion, solvent dispersion, vinylidene fluoride, and vinylidene fluoride aqueous dispersion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The initiator is chosen from azobisisobutyronitrile and benzoyl peroxide. The solvent is chosen from dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, toluene and chloroform.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: p-Toluenesulfonic acid having 1-30C alkoxy group, is (2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)p-toluenesulfonic acid. Preferred Definitions:    monocyclic arylene=group of formula (i)-(v);    bicyclic arylene=group of formula (vi)-(xiv);and    polycyclic arylene=group of formula (xv)-(xxiii).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Conditions: 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene and brominated diethyl acetal are reacted in the molar ratio of 1:2-1:4 at 80-120 degrees C. The compound (I) and N-bromosuccinimide are reacted in the molar ratio of 1:2 at -30 degrees C. The ring-closure reaction is carried out at 90-130 degrees C. Compound (III) and 4,5-didecyl-2-tri-n-butyltin-thiophene are reacted in the molar ratio of 1:5 at 90-130 degrees C for 36-72 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: PVC resin has average polymerization degree of 1000, and viscosity (K) of 66-68. Preferred Compositions: Plasticizer is selected from cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester, Phthalate acid di(2-propyl-heptyl)ester, and/or diisononyl phthalate ester. Composite stabilizer is selected from calcium-zinc (Ca/Zn) composite stabilizer powder, Ca/Zn liquid compound stabilizer, barium-zinc (Ba/Zn) liquid composite stabilizer, and/or liquid organic tin compound stabilizer. Ultraviolet absorber is a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber. Hindered amine light stabilizer is selected from Tinuvin 770 (RTM: Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate), Chimassorb 944 (RTM: Poly-((6-((1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino)-1,6-hexanediyl((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino))), bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate (HS-112), and/or bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate (HS-765). Lubricant is selected from stearic acid and/or liquid paraffin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Shell layer contains ligand. Preferred Component: Ligand is carboxyl and/or fatty alcohol, preferably mercapto and amino-containing fatty acid ester, polyvinyl alcohol and/or thiol modified polyacrylic acid. Single molecular zinc-containing precursor is zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate and hexadecyl xanthan zinc. Double molecular zinc-containing precursor is zinc stearate, zinc oleate and undecyl acid zinc. Manganese metal salt precursor is carboxylic acid manganese, manganese acetylacetonate and/or manganese mercaptan compound. Non-complexing solvent is olefin, alkane or ether. Selenium/sulfur precursor is organic phosphorus compound solution and/or octadecylene solution. Second ligand is fatty amine and octadecylamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The anode substrate is indium tin oxide glass, fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, aluminum-doped zinc oxide glass or indium-doped zinc oxide glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electronic buffer layer is lithium fluoride, lithium carbonate or cesium carbonate. The cathode layer is aluminum, silver, gold or platinum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole buffer layer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene thiophene sulfonate mixed material. The active layer is poly(3-hexylthiophene), phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(2-methoxy-5-(3',7'- dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) and/or poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4- phenylenevinylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active material layer is coated with carbon, nitrogen-doped carbon, a metal layer, a nitride layer, an oxide layer and a polymer layer. The electrically conductive additive is carbon black, acetylene black, graphite, carbon nano-powder, graphene, and nitrogen-doped carbon-based carbon material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent includes 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, epoxidized fatty acid ester, bis(2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl)adipate, butyl carbitol, carbitol acetate, terpineol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, tributyl citrate, phenoxyethanol, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl ether. The wetting and dispersing agent is anionic surfactant and/or nonionic surfactant having hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of 5-14. The wetting and dispersing agent is N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane dioleate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic resin includes ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin, rosin and its derivatives, or phenolic resin. The thixotropic agent includes hydrogenated castor oil, and polyamide wax or their modified products.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Expanded perlite is provided with hollow structure. Preferred Parameter: Particle diameter of expanded perlite is 10-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameter: Molecular weight of chitosan is 100000-1000000. Preferred Process: Chitosan is dissolved in 1-3% acetic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Polyether compound is water composite polyether containing 5-7 pts. wt. polyether resin, 3-5 pts. wt. glycol ether resin, 0.2-0.3 pt. wt. water soluble silicone oil foam stabilizer, 0.2-0.4 pt. wt. catalyst N,N-dimethyl cyclohexylamine, 0.1-0.3 pt. wt. curing agent dibutyltin dilaurate, and 0.2-0.4 pt. wt. deionized water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent electrode layer is made of aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum-tin oxide, fluorine-containing tin oxide, silver nanowire, graphene or carbon nanotube. The substrate is glass substrate or plastic substrate. The inorganic photoactive layer has sequential lamination of a p-type amorphous silicon layer, i-type amorphous silicon layer and n-type amorphous silicon layer. The noble metal nanoparticles are gold nanoparticles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic photoactive layer contains (poly-4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo (1,2-b:4,5-b') dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(alkyl thieno (3,4-b) thiophene-2-carboxylate)-2,6-diyl), (poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl))) or (poly (2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b') dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole))).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The carbon precursor polymer includes polyacrylonitrile, poly-acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol, polystyrene and PVC. The supplementary polymer is polyacrylate or polyethylene oxide. The nanofiber within carbon nanotube is greater than or equal to 20 wt.%. The connecting unit comprises a graphite layer in which the carbon precursor polymer is carbonized. Preferred Method: The electrospinning step is performed at electric potential difference of 5-40 kV between a nozzle of an electrospinning instrument and a collector, a distance of 1-40cm and flow rate of 0.1-5 ml/h. The nozzle has a diameter of 0.1-2 mm. The converting step includes heat-treating the fiber at 1000-2500 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dialkylaluminum compound includes hexenyl diisobutylaluminum, prophenyl diethyl aluminum, prophenyl diisobutyl aluminum, pentenyl diethyl aluminum, pentenyl diisobutyl aluminum, hexenyl diisobutyl aluminum, hexenyl diethyl aluminum, octenyl diisobutyl aluminum, octenyl diethyl aluminum, decanyl diisobutyl aluminum, decanyl diisobutyl aluminum and undecenyl diisobutyl aluminum. The polymerization catalyst includes a half-metallocene compound of formula (IV), and an aluminoxane or boron compound. The half-metallocene compound includes propyl or butyl nitrogen silicon dimethyl flurenyl compounds of formulae ((i-PrNSiMe2Flu)TiMe2, (i-BuNSiMe2Flu)TiMe2, (t-BuNSiMe2Flu)TiMe2, (i-PrNSiMe2Flu)TiCl2, (i-BuNSiMe2Flu)TiCl2, (t-BuNSiMe2Flu)TiCl2, (i-PrNSiMe2Flu)ZeMe2, (i-BuNSiMe2Flu)ZeMe2, (t-BuNSiMe2Flu)ZeMe2, (i-PrNSiMe2Flu)ZrCl2, (i-BuNSiMe2Flu)ZrCl2, (t-BuNSiMe2Flu)ZrCl2, (i-PrNSiMe2Flu)HfMe2, (i-BuNSiMe2Flu)HfMe2, (t-BuNSiMe2Flu)HfMe2, (i-PrNSiMe2Flu)HfCl2, (i-BuNSiMe2Flu)HfCl2 and (t-BuNSiMe2Flu)HfCl2). The aluminoxane compound includes modified methylaluminoxane, polymethylaluminoxane, trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum or triisobutyl aluminum. The boron compound includes triphenylcarbenium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, N,N-dimethylaniline tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, and tris (pentafluorophenyl) borate. The mole ratio of the aromatic vinyl monomer and the dialkylaluminum compound is 1:0.001-1:10.M = Ti, Zr or Hf;R1, R2, R3 = 1-5C alkyl; andR4, R5 = 1-3C alkyl or halo. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The phosphate flame retardant is chosen from metal phosphinate, triphenyl phosphate, triaryl phosphate, aromatic family phosphoric ester, 2-ethylhexyldiphenylphosphate, cresyl phenyl phosphate, cresol diphenyl phosphate, chloroethyl phosphate, tris- beta -chlorine propyl phosphate, tris-dichloropropyl phosphate, aromatic condensed polyphosphate ester, polyphosphate and red phosphorus.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The composition contains less than 30 wt.% of spherical silver powder and flake silver powder, and additionally includes 2-20 wt.% of epoxy resin and 0.1-10 wt.% of fatty acid silver halide. The epoxy resin includes polyhydric alcohol glycidyl epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 1000 g/equivalent and bisphenol A type epoxy resin having epoxy equivalent of 1500-4000 g/equivalent. The fatty acid silver halide includes carboxy silver halide, hydroxyl based silver halide, polycarboxylic acid based silver halide. The hydroxyl based silver halide includes 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-n-butyric acid silver halide and 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid silver halide. The polycarboxylic acid based silver halide includes 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid based silver halide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon material supporter is carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers or carbon. The pH of the carbon material supporter is adjusted to 7. The solvent added to dissolve the platinum/carbon catalyst is water at 70-85 degrees C. The hydrogen bubbling is performed for 10-30 hours. The content of platinum added to the catalyst is 1-70 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent includes ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethyleneglycol, benzene diol and hexadecane diol. EXAMPLE - The multi-walled carbon nanotube was used as the carbon material supporter and was placed into nitric acid solution and sulfuric acid solution and heated at 110 degrees C for 36 hours. The treated carbon nanotube was filtered using a purified water and dried at 60 degrees C for 6 hours in a vacuum dryer. The dried acid treated carbon nanotube was placed into the ethylene glycol water solution and then ultrasound was dispersed at 110 degrees C to obtain a disperse solution. The pH of the dispersed solution was controlled to 11 using sodium hydroxide. The solution was added with platinum precursor and then filtered using the purified water. The dispersed hydrogen was bubbled at 80 degrees C for 24 hours and then dried and filtered to obtain a product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conducting material is selected from fluorine-doped tinoxide, indium-tin-oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium zinc tinoxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium-tin-oxide-silver-indium-tin-oxide, indium zinc oxide-silver -indium zinc oxide, indium zinc tinoxide-silver-indium zinc tinoxide or aluminum zinc oxide-silver-aluminum zinc oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium salt is lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethyl sulfonate, lithium fluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium arsenic fluorate, and/or lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photocurable initiator is chosen from optical curing initiator and thermosetting-type initiator. The optical curing initiator is preferably ethyl benzoin ether, isopropyl benzoin ether, methylbenzoin ethyl ether, benzoin phenyl ether, 1,1-dichloro acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, anthraquinone, 2-ethyl anthraquinone, 2-chloro anthraquinone, thioxanthone, isopropylthioxantone, benzophenone, p-chlorobenzophenone, benzyl benzoate, benzoyl benzoate and/or Michler's ketone. The thermosetting-type initiator is chosen from benzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, di-t-amyl peroxide, cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-amylperoxy neodecanoate, di-(2-ethylhexy)peroxy-dicarbonate, t-amylperoxy pivalate, t-butyl peroxypivalate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(2-ethyl-hexanoylperoxy)hexane, dibenzoyl peroxide, t-amylperoxy-2-ethyl hexanoate, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 1,1- di-(amylperoxy)cyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di-(t- butylperoxy)cyclohexane, t-butyl peroxy acetate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-amyl peroxybenzoate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, ethyl-3,3-di-(t-amylperoxy)butyrate, ethyl-3,3- di-(t-butylperoxy)butyrate, dicumyl peroxide, 1,1'-azobis(cyclo hexane carbonitrile), and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride and/or 4,4'-azobis(4-cyano valeric acid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): S-indacene derivative is prepared by reacting terminal aromatic ring with alkyllithium, lithium and stannic chloride to obtain trialkyltin intermediate, reacting intermediate with boronic acid, boronate ester or anhydrous zinc chloride with anhydrous solvent and Grignard reagent, carrying out single cross coupling reaction, reacting with anhydrous alcohol solvent or Grignard reagent, adding formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, aluminum chloride or boron tris(trifluoroacetate) and carrying out cyclodehydration, polymerization, cross coupling reaction or direct lithiation. Preferred Components: S-indacene derivative is provided with condensed polycyclic monomer of formula T-(Ar')x-T. Condensed polycyclic monomer is composed of homopolymers and copolymers of formula (II). S-indacene derivative (I) is compound of formula (IA)-(IVA).T=R, unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic heterocyclic, F, Cl, Br or I;Ar'=polymerizable monomer, optionally substituted aromatic, aromatic heterocyclic hydrocarbons or one or more of 35 hydrocarbon groups, e.g. group of formula (10);x= greater than or equal to 1;y= greater than or equal to 0;n=integer;X,Y',Z=O, S, Se, Te or NR group; orZ=C(R2R3), Si(R2R3) or Ge(R2R3); andR2,R3=R.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of (I) comprises (i) mixing methoxyethoxy chloroethane, methoxyethoxy bromoethane or methoxyethoxy iodoethane with methylimidazole at molar ratio of 1.05:1-1.2:1 into a reactor, heating to 60-80 degrees C, stirring and reacting for 48-72 hours to obtain N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methyl imidazolium halide, where the N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methyl imidazolium halide is N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methylimidazolium chloride, N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methylimidazolium bromide or N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methylimidazolium iodide, and (ii) mixing the N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methylimidazolium halide with metal salt of formula (M+Y1-) (II) at molar ratio of 1:1-1:1.1, then dissolving the solution in mixture containing deionized water and dichloromethane, stirring for ion exchange reaction, separating and purifying to obtain (I). The separation and purification of (I) comprises reacting N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methylimidazolium halide with (II) under stirring, allowing the obtained mixed solution to stratification, collecting dichloromethane phase, extracting with de-ionized water, then concentrating dichloromethane phase and finally vacuum drying to obtain (I). The N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methylimidazolium halide is obtained by reacting methoxyethoxy chloroethane, methoxyethoxy bromoethane or methoxyethoxy iodoethane with reaction solution of cooled methylimidazole, washing with ethyl acetate and vacuum drying the obtained product to obtain purified N-methoxyethoxyethyl-N-methylimidazolium halideM+ = Na+, K+ or NH4+.Preferred Components: The organic solvent is acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide or N-methylpyrrolidone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the polyethylene oxide to (I) is 100:30-100:50. The relative molecular weight of polyethylene oxide is 10-100 million.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Diluent 1 and diluent 2 are ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetone, butanone, ethanol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, xylene, or chloroform.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Component A contains 40-60 wt.% hydroxyl- or carboxyl-containing resin, 5-10 wt.% chain extender, 3-5 wt.% hydrolysis stabilizer, 0.05-3 wt.% antioxidant, 0.1-3 wt.% catalyst, and 18-40 wt.% diluent 1, and component B contains 30-50 wt.% etherified polymethylol melamine resin and 50-70 wt.% diluent 2. Preferred Processes: Adhesive is applied by mixing component A and component B with mass ratio of 9-10:1, uniformly coating bonding material on surface in which adhesive sizing amount is 5-18 g/m2, and solidifying at 120-175 degrees C for 5-30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The housing is made of clear flexible PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The active agent additive comprises polythiol compound, polyisocyanate, surface active agent, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and organic phosphate salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solid component contains 4.5 pts. wt. sheet-shaped aluminum powder having fineness of 325 mesh, 32 pts. wt. heavy calcium carbonate having average grain diameter of 4-4.8 mu m, 21 pts. wt. nano-calcium carbonate, and 0.5 pts. wt. fumed silica.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid component contains 42 pts. wt. naphthenic oil and 1 pts. wt. polyisobutene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The numbers of double-bond equivalents of epoxy acrylate compound (A1) is 100-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic-type filler (C1) is melamine-type compound having melamine structure. The content of filler (C) is 1-20 %mass with respect to 100 %mass adhesive composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The density of polyethylene-type resin is 0.900 g/cm3 or less. Preferred Composition: The sealing material comprises 25% or less gel fraction. The weight average molecular weight of polystyrene conversion is 120000-300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulating base material consists of materials selected from polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyphenylene sulfide and polyvinyl fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base material is barrier film. The protection sheet further contains barrier film laminated on the surface opposite to the surface in which the fluorine resin layer is formed on the base material, and support base material laminated on the barrier film. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the base material is 10-1000 mu m, preferably 10-50 mu m, and the thickness of the support base material is 150-1000 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The wettability of fluorine resin layer is 34 or less with a wetting reagent. Preferred Composition: The fluorine resin layer contains ultraviolet absorber. The base material contains polyester, polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate. The support base material contains polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sealing material sheet is made of a polyethylene-type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A polymer electrolyte fuel cell is operated in energy generation mode.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The third semiconductor material is formed of indium-gallium-phosphide, indium-phosphorus-arsenide, gallium-arsenide and indium-aluminium-gallium arsenide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal stack of contact layer is formed of titanium, gold, silver and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The core layer comprises a foam-in-place expanded polymer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin sealing sheet consists of ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer and ethylenealiphatic unsaturated carboxylic copolymer, where the resin is selected from ethylenealiphatic carboxylic acid ester copolymer and group consisting of polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The solar cell module has sealing layer and/or contact bonding layer between the substrate and solar cell element. The substrate has thickness of 1.5 mm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Oriented film has Young's elasticity modulus of 2-11 GPa, preferably 5.3-9.2 GPa, heat conductivity of 9-60 Wm-1K-1, preferably 24-40 Wm-1K-1. Preferred Components: Oriented film contains polyimide and metal nanoparticle, preferably zinc oxide nanoparticle. The solar cell has an unevenness on the surface of the electrode on the opposite side to the side on which the substrate is formed. Preferred Processes: Rubbing process of oriented film is carried out. Polyimide with photo-alignment property is coated, and oriented film is formed. Oriented film is formed by film stretching.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid is a solvent selected from water and/or organic solvent or the liquid is an electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The new polymer (P1) is obtained by oligomerizing L-NHm and the compound R for 1-12 hours and at 0-200 degrees C. Preferred Polymer: The elastic polymer is a copolymer and is selected from the following formulae L-HN-R-NH-L, H2N-R-NH-L, H2N-R-NH-L, H2N-R-NH-L-NH-R-NH2, L-(HN-R-NH-L)x and/or an H2N-R-NH-(L-HN-R-NH)x-H. L-NHm is selected from a hydrophobic material and/or hydrophilic material so as to cause the polymer to be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic correspondingly. The L-NHm and compound R have a molar radio of (n+1):n or n:(n+1).x=1-25;andn=1-25.Preferred Method: The method (m1) further involves a step of mixing the liquid electrolyte with the polymer so as to cause the liquid electrolyte to be absorbed by the polymer. In the method (m1), the step of absorbing the liquid electrolyte by the polymer has a reacting period of 2-7 days and a reacting temperature of -20 to 80 degrees C. The liquid electrolyte and the polymer in the gel electrolyte have a weight ratio of 99:1-1:99. Preferred Definitions:    R=group derived from pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, trimellitic anhydride, 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and/or tetrahydrophthalic anhydride    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer (B) is obtained using metallocene catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition contains 0.2-5 pts. wt. organic peroxide (C), 0.01-2.5 pts. wt. hindered amine-type optical stabilizer (D) and 0.05-5 pts. wt. silane coupling agent (E), with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene resin composition. The non-conjugated polyene-type polymer (A) is ethylene-( alpha )-olefin diene copolymer. The ethylene-( alpha )-olefin diene copolymer is chosen from propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene, 1,8-nonadiene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-isopropylidene-2-norbornene, 5-(4-cyclopentenyl)-2-norbornene, 5-cyclohexylidene-2-norbornene and vinylcyclohexene. Preferred Properties: The non-conjugated polyene-type polymer (A) and ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer (B) has density of 0.860-0.920 g/cm3. The mass flow rate of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer (B) under load of 16 kg at 190 degrees C is 2-100 g/10 minutes, based on JIS K6922-2. The ratio of the average molecular weight (Mz) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer is 8.0 or less, calculated by the gel permeation chromatography. The mass flow rate of non-conjugated polyene-type polymer (A) under load of 16 kg at 190 degrees C is 2-200 g/10 minutes, based on JIS K6922-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The porous particles have average particle diameter of 0.1-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoroalkylene repeat units comprise a combination of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and perfluorodimethyldioxole (PDD) repeat units. The solvent is a fluorinated solvent. The PDD repeat unit is present in the backbone at a molar concentration of 30-99 mole%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The dichloroamino-functionalized polymer further comprises perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether repeat units, and has no crystalline melting point of above 150 degrees C that is associated with a latent heat of melting greater than 1 J/g. The polymer comprises repeat units of tetrafluoroethylene, 40-45 mole% of perfluorodimethyldioxole repeat units, and 3-5 mole% of repeat units of formula (V). The imageable film has a thickness of 0.5-1.5 mu m. The perfluoroalkylvinyl ether is present at a molar concentration of 18-49 mole%. The coating comprises an azo-crosslinked polymer of formula (VII) at a concentration of 3-5 mole%.T3 = polymeric group having a backbone chain comprising TFE repeat units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive particles are chosen from carbon particles, metal particles, covering electroconductive particles and carbon fiber particles. The carbon particles are chosen from carbon black, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, expanded graphite, flaky graphite, graphite powder, graphite particles, graphene sheet and carbon milled fiber. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of electroconductive particles in the epoxy resin composition (A) measured by laser diffractometry is less than 10 mu m. The weight average molecular weight of epoxy resin soluble thermolplastic resin is 8000-40000. The average particle diameter of electroconductive particles in the epoxy resin composition (A) measured by laser diffractometry is 10-200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of electroconductive particles of epoxy resin composition (A) is 0.2-20 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass epoxy resin in epoxy resin composition (A). The mass ratio of epoxy resin in epoxy resin composition (A) and epoxy resin in resin composition (B) is 1:1-1:9. The thermoplastic resin in epoxy resin composition (B) is epoxy resin soluble thermoplastic resin and epoxy resin insoluble thermoplastic resin. The epoxy resin soluble thermoplastic resin is chosen from polyether sulfone, polyether imide, polycarbonate and polysulfone. The epoxy resin insoluble thermoplastic resin is chosen from non-crystalline nylon, nylon-6, nylon-12 and non-crystalline polyimide. The epoxy resin composition (B) further contains 0.2-20 parts mass electroconductive particles with respect to 100 parts mass epoxy resin in epoxy resin composition (B). The epoxy resin composition (A) and/or epoxy resin composition (B) contains hardening agent. The epoxy resin composition (B) does not contain hardening agent. The epoxy resin composition (A) contains hardening agent. The carbon fiber is reinforced fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The rotor blade comprises a region close to the hub, in which an aerodynamic profile of the blade has profile end surface. The fiber composite component is arranged in the region of the rotor blade.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first laminate layer, second laminate layer and/or the third laminate layer comprise at least one layer made of fiber material which is embedded in a matrix of cured matrix material. The first laminate layer, second laminate layer and/or the third laminate layer have a common matrix. The sandwich first core and the second sandwich core are arranged at an angle to each other in specific regions. The fiber-composite component comprises a rotor blade shell, a rotor blade sub-shell and/or end web (16), or a profile-end surface of the rotor blade. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The terminal is made of metal alloy such as brass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ring is made of polyamide and polybutylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ring structure is benzene ring. The alkyl group is 3-20C principal chain. The alkyl group in at least one portion of arm portion is bonded with the carboxyl group. The content of alkyl group with respect to the total molar quantity of carboxyl group is 0.5-10 mol%. The carbonyl group and alkyl group are bonded through amide bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The unit comprises solar roll glass, an extra-white float glass and polymeric materials selected from a group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene napthalate, polyurethane, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and PTFE. The unit has elastomer cross-linking polymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate, and thermoplastic products such as polyvinyl butyral and ionoplastic polymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The fiber-reinforced plastics are carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide precursor comprises 30 mol% or more norbornane-containing repeating unit of formula (III) with respect to total content of all repeating units. The polyimide precursor comprises total content of 80 mol% or more carbonyl group-containing compound of formula (V) and formula (VI). The total content of repeating unit (V) with respect to all repeating units is 50 mol% or more. The total content of repeating unit (VI) with respect to all repeating units is 30 mol% or more. The polyimide comprises 30 mol% or more total content of repeating unit of formula (X) with respect to all repeating units, and 80 mol% or more total content of repeating units of formula (XII) and formula (XIII) with respect to all repeating units. The polyimide preferably comprises 50 mol% or more total content of repeating unit (XII) and 30 mol% or more total content of repeating unit (XIII) with respect to all repeating units.A2=A1, preferably group of formula (i);m2,n2=0-3;or m2+n2=0 or more;U'2,T2,V'2,V'3,U'3,T3,U'4,V'4,T4=H, methyl or trifluoromethyl;Z2,W'2,Z3,W'3,Z4,W'4=direct bond, or group of formula: -NHCO-, -CONH-, -COO-, or -OCO-;A3=group of formula (ii);or m3+n3=0 or more;m3,n3=0-3;X2,Y2,X3,Y3,X4,Y4=X1;andB'2=A1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbon nanotube is multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), hydroxy-modified MWCNT, and/or carboxy-modified MWCNT. Ion exchange is conducted using 2 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution for 12-24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The quat. ammonium-containing water-soluble polymer is poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride), quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ethoxylate, and/or poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin-co-ethylenediamine). Preferred Method: The drying is natural drying, oven drying, freeze drying, and/or vacuum drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second binder polymer comprises the mixture of the polyvinylidene fluoride group binder and dispersibility binder. The polyvinylidene fluoride group binder is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluorochloroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride-ethylene. The dispersibility binder is selected from polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), toluene die isocyanate (TDI), polymethyl methacrylate, poly acrylonitrile (polyacrylonitrile), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), polyvinylacetate, the polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl pullulan, cyanoethyl polyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose and carboxylmethylcellulose. An electrode assembly is the mixture selected from group consisting of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer and polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Layer: The organic solar cell further has electron transport layer and hole transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The nitrogen-containing compound absorbs sunlight with wavelength of 300-700 nm, and has molecular weight distribution of 1-100 and number average molecular weight of 500-1000000. Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing compound (I) is of formula (II)-(V). The photoactive layer contains electron donor comprising nitrogen-containing compound (I) and electron acceptor including fullerene, fullerene derivative, semiconductive element or semiconductive compound. Preferred Definitions:    M1-M3=group of formula (i)-(v);    A=3-butylnonyl;    X1=CR'R", SiR'R", GeR'R", NR', PR', O, S or Se;    R5-R12,R',R"=H, deuterium, halo, nitro, nitrile, imide, -N=CHZ1, amide, hydroxy, ester, carbonyl, or 1-25C alkyl, 2-25C alkenyl, 1-25C alkoxy, thiophene, selenophone, thiazole, arylamine, aryl or polycyclic aryl (all optionally substituted);and    Z1=H, or alkyl or aryl (all optionally substituted).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The other framework material is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, octodecyl alcohol, wax 888, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic resin, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone. The ratio of crosslinkable dextran to other framework material is 1:99-99:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The particle size of the powder is 0.01-50 mu m. Preferred Composition: The glass powder is lead-free glass powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent comprises polyethylene glycol 200. The organic solvent further contains terpineol and/or polyethylene glycol 400 with a mass ratio of 0-30:55-100, preferably 0-15:55-100. The surfactant includes ethanol, toluene, sorbitan trioleate and/or lecithin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is E44-type epoxy resin and/or E51-type epoxy resin. The thickening agent is ethyl cellulose, butyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and/or methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. The plasticizer is polymeric plasticizer having flexible organic group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali solution is chosen from sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and aqueous ammonia. The tin salt is tin chloride pentahydrate, stannous chloride dehydrate, tin sulfate, tin nitrate or tin acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of multi-shell layer-containing hollow carbon spheres, terpineol, ethyl cellulose, acetic acid and ethanol is 1:2-5:0.3-0.8:0.1-0.5:5-10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate is rigid glass substrate or ceramic plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The covering layer comprises silicon dioxide, silcon nitride or aluminum oxide. The substrate comprises flexible material, and metal foil including stainless steel, titanium metal foil, aluminum metal foil, anode oxide aluminum metal foil, polymer film, and polymer fiber film material. The conductive electrode film comprises chromium and/or titanium. The sodium salt is sodium salt (NaX or Na2Y, where X is fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide, and Y is oxide, sulfide, selenide or borate), preferably sodium borate. The covering layer optionally contains indium sulfide, gallium sulfide, indium selenide and gallium selenide. Nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, argon, selenium and/or hydrogen sulfide are used during annealing process. The semiconductor absorber layer comprises copper-indium-gallium-selenium complex (CuInxGa1-xSeyS2-y, where x is 0-1 and y is 0-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoroalkyl ester is tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate or tris(3,3,3-trifluoro-propyl)phosphite ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanate is barium titanate or copper titanate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Carboxyl-containing polymer A is polymaleic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, polylactic acid or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Hydroxyl-containing polymer B is polyethylene glycol, chitin, polyvinyl alcohol, starch or cellulose. Bonding agent comprises 0.5-1 mass% initiator C. Initiator C is benzoyl peroxide, carbonate peroxide, potassium persulfate and/or ammonium persulfate. Preferred Parameters: Average molecular weight of carboxyl-containing polymer A is greater than or equal to 30000. Average molecular weight of hydroxyl-containing polymer B is greater than or equal to 10000. Stirring speed is 100-150 rpm. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is 40-70 degrees C. Reaction temperature increase rate is 1-5 degrees C/hour.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred components: The furan compound is 2-furyl acid, 3-furancarboxylic acid, 2-furanyl acrylic acid, furan, benzene, or acid. The lipophilic diene body compound is trimeric maleimide, 1,8- maleimido-1-ethyl-propane, or bismaleimide, 1,8-bismaleimide-3,6-dioxa-octyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred components: The hydroxyl group-containing polymer is ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) polyhydroxy polyacrylate resin, or chitosan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The inert atmosphere is mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is silicon oxide or tin oxide in water, polyethylene glycol, Triton 100, isopropanol, amyl alcohol, xylene, acetone, sodium dodecyl sulfate, cellulose derivative or fatty acid ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The emulsifier is chosen from sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium dodecyl sulfate or dodecyl ammonium sulfate. Initiator for polymerization is sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and ethyl acrylate is 1-5:1-5:1. The pore-forming agent is chosen from polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and urea. Emulsion polymerization is performed using 1-3 parts mass emulsifier dissolved in 60-70 parts mass deionized water, and 25-37 parts mass functional monomer. The amount of polymer dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide is 5-10%. The thickness of gel support is 50-150 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Waterproof coiled material has base material made of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber or thermoplastic polyolefin with thickness of 1.2-2.0 mm. Flexible thin film photovoltaic battery component layer is amorphous silicon soft film solar cell, copper-indium-selenium film solar battery, cadmium-antimonide thin film solar battery, dye-sensitized battery or organic thin film battery. The flexible thin film layer is fluorine-containing Tedlar (RTM: polyvinyl fluoride) or ethylenetetrafluoroethylene copolymer film with thickness of 250 mu m provided with protective layer. Coating layer is nano organic silicon modified acrylic acid dope or nano fluorocarbon coating with thickness of 30-70 mu m. The membrane further comprises sicar single-component high-modulus polyurethane sealing adhesive layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: Flexible thin-film battery component is prepared by depositing transparent conductive film on flexible thermal insulating substrate, including flexible amorphous silicon thin film solar cell, potassium copper indium selenide thin film solar cell, cadmium telluride thin film solar cell, dye-sensitized cell or organic thin film battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Nanosilica aerogel felt core material is hydrophobic and with thickness of 2-10 mm, width of 910-1500 mm, density of 180-220 kg/m3, applicable temperature of - 200-1000 degrees C, and thermal conductivity of 0.012-0.025 W/m/.K.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is silicone or acrylic crosslinking agent. Solvent is alcohol, ether or lipid solvent. Coating layer is nanosilicone acrylic coating or fluorocarbon paint coating, having thickness of 30-70 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Flame retardant polymer cement mortar compound is magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, chlorinated paraffin 52 and antimony trioxide at mass ratio of 2:4:2:3; or aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, decabromodiphenyl ethane and antimony trioxide at mass ratio of 4:2:3:3. Flame retardant polymer binder is 55-85 wt.% silicone acrylic emulsion, 2.5-8.5 wt.% organic nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardant, 10-25 wt.% crosslinking agent and 2-15 wt.% solvent. Film layer is fluorinated polyester film or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film, having thickness of 250 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: High-toughness glass fiber reinforced flame retardant nonwoven fabric base is alkali-resistant glass fiber reinforced flame retardant fiber spun nonwoven fabric, fiber 4080 nonwoven fabric, or fiber reinforced nonwoven fabric, and has thickness of 0.5-1 mm and weight of 120-180 g/m2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbon nano-tube composite electrode is prepared by weighing carbon nano-tube, a magnesium nitrate and isopropyl alcohol, dispersing carbon nano tube, hexahydrate magnesium nitrate in isopropanol, ultrasonically dispersing for 2-3 hours, and placing the cathode graphite electrode, copper sheet as anode, taking proper distance between the anode and cathode and applying voltage and field intensity of 30V/cm the direct current of 5-10 minutes, and drying for future use.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heteropolyacid material is phosphomolybdic acid or tungstophosphoric acid. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the modified cathode layer, modified anode layer, bulk heterojunction active layer and anode layer is 40 nm, 5 nm, 100 nm and 60-80 nm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from acetonitrile, ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran and 3-methoxy propionnitrile. The oxidation-reduction derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and pyridinium salts. The electrolyte further contains additive chosen from t-butylpyridine and 2-dimethylaminopyridine, and supporting electrolyte chosen from imidazolium iodide, pyridinium iodide and pyrrolinium iodide, and light-absorbing agent chosen from benzophenone compound, benzotriazole compound, salicylate compound, cyanoacrylate compound, oxanilide compound and hindered amine compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal wires further includes metal oxide such as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium zinc tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, indium tin oxide-silver-indium tin oxide, indium-zinc oxide-silver-indium zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide, indium-silver-indium zinc tin oxide and aluminum zinc oxide-silver-aluminum zinc oxide. The transparent electrode is made of: metal oxide or metal oxide-metal-metal oxide such as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium zinc tin oxide, aluminum zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide-silver-indium tin oxide, indium-zinc oxide-silver-indium zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide, indium-silver-indium zinc tin oxide and aluminum zinc oxide-silver-aluminum zinc oxide; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) organic conductors; thin film of nanowires such as gold nanowires, copper nanowires or platinum nanowires; and (carbon)-based material such as carbon nanotube or graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal wires are made of silver, copper, aluminum, gold, platinum, nickel, titanium or their alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is glass substrate or plastic substrate. The secondary electrode is chosen from aluminum, zinc, titanium, indium, alkali metal, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium-silver alloy, lithium aluminum delamination electrode, lithium fluoride-aluminum delamination electrode. The primary electrode is aluminum-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide tin and fluorine-doped tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron doner material is chosen from poly(4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(alkyl thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate)-2,6-diyl), poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)), and (2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta (3,4-b',2,1-b)dithiophene)-alt-4,7-s(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoplate includes gold, silver, platinum, palladium, aluminum, copper, nickel, zinc or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fullerene-based compound includes (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C77-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C79-butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C81 -butyric acid methyl ester, (6,6)-phenyl-C83-butyric acid methyl ester and (6,6)-phenyl-C85-butyric acid methyl ester.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conductive organic polymer includes amorphous organic polymer and incldues poly-3-hexylthiophene, Poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)) and poly(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b:3,4-b)- dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-. 5,5-diyl).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate has glass, a carbon fiber reinforced polymer, a polymer, a thermoplastic polymer, a polyester, a polyurethane, and/or a plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase change material includes trimethylolethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The layer of electrically conductive material comprises a metal with a high electrical conductivity such as copper or aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The primer layer comprises ethylene vinyl acetate, polyolefins, linear low density polyethylene, and/or linear high density polyethylene, and comprises thermo-adhesive material including acryl copolymers or polyurethanes loaded with additives or acryl terpolymers grafted with maleic anhydride. The insulating portion comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide and Kapton(RTM: Polyimide film).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The solar cell further comprises: an anti-reflective coating on the exterior of the structure; a contact grid in communication with the structure; and an encapsulating structure forming a module. The semiconducting layer has a base thickness of 0.5-5 mu m. The CIGS layer has a thickness of 0.5-5 mu m. Preferred Method: The method further comprises: separating and interconnecting areas of the solar cell into sub cells by methods comprising mechanical or laser-scribing; applying an anti-reflective coating to a second side of the second transparent material; encapsulating the body with a module; and curing the UV-curable polymer by exposing the polymer to UV light. The solar cell is further prepared by the process comprising: coating the second side of the dielectric layer with a UV-curable polymer prior to soft stamping and etching the first and second aperture, and removing the polymer subsequent to the soft stamping or etching; curing the UV-curable polymer by exposing the polymer to UV light; sputtering the layer of conducting material, or sputtering the reflective layer; separation and interconnecting areas of the solar cell into sub cells by methods comprising mechanical or laser-scribing; and encapsulating the solar cell to form a module, where the conducting material is constructed from a molybdenum material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conducting material is constructed from a molybdenum material. The dielectric material contains a sodium source and is aluminum oxide, and/or zinc oxide doped with sulfur. The substrate is soda lime glass, solar glass, aluminum foil, iron, and/or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide fine particles consist of oxide containing cobalt, or zinc and cobalt. The base material comprises ferritic stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The anionic-form resin liquid mixture further contains polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal contained in the circuit is copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Formation of insulation layer is carried out at 1000-3000 mJ/cm2. Preferred Composition: The resin sheet of mono layer or multilayer contains a polyethylene terephthalate layer or fluorine resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of epoxy compound is 0.05-5 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic element is preferably calcium element and manganese element. The content of metallic content (Ma mol/ton) is calculated using relation: Ma=M1/2+M2+3asteriskM3/2, where M1 is content of calcium element, M2 is content of manganese element, and M3 is content of aluminum element, and ratio of content of metal and phosphorus content is 0.75-3. The total content of a calcium element, a manganese element, and an aluminum element is 5-150 ppm with respect to content of polyester. The total content of calcium element and manganese element is 5-150 ppm. The alkali metal is chosen from potassium element and a sodium element.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester is obtained by adding phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid alkali metal salt, and titanium compound (excluding titanium oxide) having substituent chosen from an alkoxy group, a phenoxy group, acrylate group, an amino group, and a hydroxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The radiation source comprises gamma rays, electron beams, ion beams, ultraviolet rays or X-rays. The amount of radioactive rays is 10-1000 kGy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is deionized water, ethanol, methanol, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-soluble polymer is a polymer having a conjugated structure as a precursor. The water-soluble polymer is of formula (I) or (II).R1 = optionally conjugated group;R2, R3 = group which provides water solubility to the end groups of R2 and R3 (substituted by alkoxy, ester, SO3- or NH2);R4, R5 = optionally branched substituent, substituent with at least one hetero-element or heteroaromatic cyclic substituent (having Si, O or N); andn = 1-100000.Preferred Method: The step (b) comprises mixing the water-soluble polymer and graphene oxide at less than or equal to 300 degrees C in an ultrasonic disperser. The step (c) is carried out at less than or equal to 500 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of elemental fluorine is 5-100%. The substrate comprises a photovoltaic solar cell, silicon wafer, silicon layer deposited on substrates, glass, aluminum titanium carbide or indium tin oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluoride-containing gases are chosen from group comprising tetrafluoromethane, trifluoromethane, carbonyl fluoride, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen trifluoride, xenon difluoride and elemental fluorine. The combined oxidation and doping step comprises injection of a precursor into the reaction chamber is chosen from tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane, oxygen, dichlorosilane, nitrous oxide, trimethylborate, triethylborate, trimethylphosphate and trimethylphosphite. The silicon oxide is deposited using a mixture of tetraethoxysilane, ozone gases, trimethylborate, triethylborate, trimethylphosphate, trimethylphosphite, diborane, phosphine and arsine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-sulfonic acid-type compound is chosen from sulfonylimide acid of formula (I) or (II), boro subsalicylate, and their salt. The monomer is 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene.m,n=1-8;ando=2 or 3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The conductive polymer layer has density of 1.6-1.8 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Composition: The positive plate comprises 1.2-2 %mass tin, 0.04-0.08 %mass calcium oxide and the remainder of lead. The electrolyte comprises 0.5-5 wt.% silicon dioxide. The battery groove comprises polyphenylene ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The propylene-type thermoplastic elastomer is nanodispersed elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid acceptor is chosen from hydroxide, carbonate, carboxylate, borate, silicate, phosphite and metal oxides of group II elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin of layer (12) is preferably polyolefin resin and layer (12) contains 100 parts mass of thermoplastic resin and 0.5 part mass or less of acid acceptor. 100 %Mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer contain 15-40 %mass of vinyl acetate. The thickness of layer (11) is 0.1-1 mm and layer (12) is 0.01-1 mm. The melting point of thermoplastic resin is higher than ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of silver nitrate solution is 80-150 g/L. The concentration of reducing agent solution is 50-250 g/L.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate, glucose, formaldehyde and ascorbic acid. The dispersing agent is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin and oleic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Composition is prepared by mixing raw materials. The mixed raw materials are mixed with water, ground for 2-3 hours and sieved through 200-400 mesh size to obtain slurry. The obtained slurry is dried and mixed with modified silver powder and polyethylene wax powder (2-3wt.%) to obtain mixture. The mixture is stirred and pressed at pressure of 12-15 megapascal and then put into calcination furnace at 700-730 degrees C for 4-5 hours. The obtained material is cooled and sieved through 300-400 mesh size sieve to obtain the desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The bismuth-boron-silicon glass powder with different inorganic oxide comprising 40-60 wt.% bismuth oxide, 15-25 wt.% boron oxide, 10-20 wt.% silica, 1-8 wt.% antimony oxide, 1-5 wt.% barium oxide, 0.5-5 wt.% magnesium oxide, 0.2-3 wt.% calcium oxide, and 0-3 wt.% aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive metal powder is 1-8 mu m spherical aluminum powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The solar cell conductive paste comprises 75-95 wt.% conductive metal powder, 0.1-1 wt.% inorganic binder, and 20-24 wt.% organic carrier.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises 5-20 wt.% ethyl cellulose; 0.1-5 wt.% additive comprising polyamide powder, modified hydrogenated castor oil, cetyl alcohol, and/or stearyl alcohol; and 75-90 wt.% mixed solvent comprising terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine, ethylene glycol butyl ether, carbitol acetate, glycol ether acetate, tributyl citrate, and/or tributyl phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reinforcing agent comprises glass fiber, calcium carbonate, talc, mica powder, silicon dioxide and/or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The modifier is reinforcing agent, stabilizing agent and/or lubricant. The stabilizer comprises zinc stearate, calcium stearate, barium stearate, antimony thioglycolate and/or rare earth oxide. The lubricant comprises zinc stearate, calcium stearate and/or lead stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer material is thermosetting or thermoplastic resin matrix, and filled with modifier. The amount of polymeric resin is 30-90% and the amount of modifier is 10-70%. The thermosetting resin is phenol-formaldehyde resin, unsaturated polyester and/or epoxy resin. The thermoplastic resin is polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, poly(methylmethacrylate), and/or polyamide. The polymeric material comprises 0.8 wt.% pigment, 1.05 wt.% sodium stearate, 21 wt.% aluminum hydroxide, 24.5 wt.% calcium carbonate, 2 wt.% toughening agent, 15 wt.% unsaturated polyester, 6 wt.% polyurethane, 4 wt.% poly(methyl methacrylate), 0.38 wt.% ultraviolet absorber, 0.07 wt.% antioxidant, 0.08 wt.% curing agent, 1 wt.% diluent, 3 wt.% short glass fiber, 0.12 wt.% magnesium oxide, 11 wt.% glass fiber, 3 wt.% short glass fiber and 7 wt.% long glass fiber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The pH of stabilizer is adjusted using a mixture of strong acid and organic acid in a volume ratio of 1:1.5-3.5. The strong acid is nitric acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. The organic acid is acetic acid or citric acid. The diluent for diluting gel is: water, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, isopropanol, ethanol or methanol; or methanol, ethanol, propanol, ether, chlorobenzene or chloroform (9-99 times to the volume of sol). The thickness of buffer layer is 10-100 nm. The organic polymer solar battery device is a positive structure including an anode, an anode buffer layer, an organic active layer, a cathode buffer layer and a cathode from bottom to top. Preferred Method: In the step (ii), the stirring speed is 400-1000 rotations/minute for 4-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of lithium hexaflourophosphate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate is 16:20:40:20:1:3. Preferred Properties: The mass ratio of functional additive and electrolyte is (0.5-3):100. The mass ratio of biphenyl and electrolyte is (0-0.5):100. The mass ratio of terphenyl and electrolyte is (0-0.5):100. The mass ratio of cyclohexylbenzene and electrolyte is (0.8-2):100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The decomposing auxiliary agent is metal salt or metal oxide ion-containing copper ions, iron ions, manganese. copper nitrate, iron nitrate, manganese dioxide, and dicyclopentadienyl iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coumarin derivative is 4-methyl coumarin, 6-methyl coumarin, 7-methyl coumarin, 6,7-methyl coumarin, or 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. The mass ratio of silica-g- hyperbranched polyamide-ether graft hyperbranched polyamide ether and coumarin derivative is 100/1-1/100, preferably 5/1/5. The solvent is ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine, diisopropanolamine, or isopropyl alcohol. The catalyst is 4-dimethylamino pyridine, dibutyl tin laurate, stannous oxalate, concentrated sulfuric acid, P-toluenesulfonic acid or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamine propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, preferably 4-dimethylamino pyridine. The content of catalyst is 0.5-10 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The zero power monomer comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and gamma -layer a provided between positive electrode and a negative electrode. The gamma -layer contains aluminum salt. The carbon-containing material is graphite and/or graphite. The aluminum salt is aluminum sulfate and/or aluminum ammonium sulfate. The alkali metal halide is sodium chloride. The anode material comprises 1-5 wt.% primary additive and 5-10 wt.% secondary additive. The primary additive is yttrium oxide and/or niobium oxide. The secondary additive is magnesium-containing material. The magnesium-containing material is magnesium salt, preferably magnesium vanadate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The neutrino layer contains 1-20 pts. wt., preferably 5-15 pts. wt. tourmaline with respect to 100 pts. wt. aluminum salt, 10-50 pts. wt., preferably 20-40 pts. wt. carbon-containing material, 10-150 pts. wt. alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, 50-500 pts. wt. polyatomic alcohol, 1-100 pts. wt. silicon oil and 1-60 pts. wt. metal halide. The alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether. The polyol is preferably glycerol and/or mannitol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic bonding agent comprises 5-15 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 10-20 pts. wt. boron trioxide, 45-65 pts. wt. bismuth oxide, 1-5 pts. wt. zinc oxide, 0-10 pts. wt. phosphorus pentoxide, 0-5 pts. wt. aluminum oxide and 0-5 pts. wt. zirconium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic bonding agent comprises 10-20 pts. wt. acetyl tributyl citrate, 50-65 pts. wt. pine oil alcohol, 15-20 pts. wt. butyl carbitol acetate, 8-16 pts. wt. butyl carbitol, 5-10 pts. wt. ethyl cellulose and 1-5 pts. wt. lecithin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Mixing is performed using glass rod. Preferred Parameters: Rotation frequency of blender is 30-60 Hz. Preferred Conditions: Preliminary mixing time of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and deionized water is 1-5 minutes, preferably 5-20 minutes. Standing time is 20 minutes. Stirring time of crystals in deionized water is 0.5-2 hours. Mixing temperature is less than or equal to 20 degrees C. Vacuum pressure is not greater than - 0.1 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating material further comprises a modified sol-gel. The functional particle is nano-titanium dioxide, nano-zinc oxide, nano-aluminum oxide, nano-silicon dioxide, mica powder, talc powder, high-purity reflecting material YZ, nano-zinc-aluminum oxide, metal flake, iron oxide, lanthanum hexaboride, antimony-tin oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), hollow ceramic particles or inorganic fibers. The nano-sol gel is nano-titanium dioxide sol, aluminum oxide sol, silicon dioxide sol or zirconium oxide sol-gel. The silane coupling agent is gamma -methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane, gamma -glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma -aminopropyl triethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethylsilane or vinyltrimethoxysilane.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The UV curable resin comprises epoxy acrylate oligomer, polyurethane acrylate oligomer, polyester acrylate oligomer, amino acrylate oligomer, pure acrylate oligomer, unsaturated polyester oligomer, polyethylene acrylic polyol oligomer or modified acrylate oligomer. The polymer substrate material is poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) plastic or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Mixing is performed using glass rod. Preferred Parameters: Rotation frequency of blender is 30-60 Hz. Preferred Conditions: Mixing temperature is less than or equal to 20 degrees C. Vacuum pressure is not greater than - 0.1 MPa. Preliminary mixing time of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and deionized water is 1-5 minutes, preferably 5-20 minutes. Standing time is 20 minutes. Stirring time of crystals in deionized water is 0.5-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The optoelectronic device comprises a photoactive layer formed by spin coating with a thickness of 10-10000 Angstrom . The photoactive layer is formed of fullerene derivative and bulk hetero junction type.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of organic photoelectric conversion polymer comprises stirring quinacridone derivative in an organic solvent, stirring 0.5-10 mole% of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, Aliquat 336 (RTM: Tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride) as a surfactant and 1-10 mol% of aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate with a base for 5-15 minutes, stirring the obtained mixture at 90 degrees C for 24-72 hours, adding bromothiophene to the mixture for 10-14 hours, carrying out thin layer chromatography (TLC) after confirmation of the end of the reaction, soaking and washing the obtained product with distilled water and extracting with chloroform, and carrying out column purification for removing water from the product. Preferred Components: The quinacridone derivative is 5,12-position of alkyl and alkoxy chains. The electron donor molecule has structure of formulae (IIIa)-(IIIv) and the electron acceptor molecule has structure of formulae (IVa)-(IVt).R1-R117 = H, halo, 1-25C-alkyl, 1-25C-alkoxy, 1-25C-thiophene, 1-25C-selenide, 1-25C-pyrrole, 1-25C-aryl, 1-25C-thiazole or 10-24C-aryl having an aromatic ring. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound is specifically claimed i.e. 9-(5-(5,6-Diimino-2,3-dimethyl-4-th iophen-2-yl-cyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-5,12-dimethyl-14-methylene-5,14-dihydro-12H-quino(2,3-b) acridin-7-one of formula (Qa).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulating resin film is selected from polyethylene, terephthalate, polyethylene, naphthalate, polyimide, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone, acryl and the group of polycarbonates.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The film forming agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone or ethyl cellulose. The surface active agent is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl-benzene-sulfonic acid sodium salt or polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The applying step is carried out by spin coating, dip coating, doctor blading, curtain coating, slide coating, spraying, slit casting, meniscus coating, screen printing, ink jet printing, pad printing, flexographic printing or gravure printing. The annealing step is carried out at a temperature of 200-800 degrees C under an atmosphere comprising at least one of nitrogen, argon, helium and/or forming gas. Preferred Components: The solvent comprises hydrazine in an amount of 1-99 wt.%. The solvent further comprises: at least one additive containing a metal including lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, antimony and/or bismuth; and 1-99 wt.% of an organic solvent that is different from hydrazine. The source of zinc carboxylate is at least one of zinc formate and zinc acetate. The source of copper is at least one of copper, copper sulfide, copper(I) sulfide, copper(II) formate and copper(II) acetate. The source of tin is at least one of tin, tin(II) sulfide, tin(IV) sulfide, tin(II) selenide, tin(IV) selenide, tin(IV) formate and tin(II) acetate. The source of sulfur or selenium is at least one of sulfur and selenium. The metal is present in an amount of 0.01-5 wt.%. The substrate is coated with a transparent conductive coating. The n-type semiconducting layer has at least one of zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide or indium(III) sulfide or its oxides or selenides. The transparent conductive material is doped zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, doped tin oxide, or carbon nanotubes. The photovoltaic device comprises electrically interconnected photovoltaic devices forming a photovoltaic module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The ARC layers comprise silicon nitride and amorphous silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The dielectric layer comprises polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The constituent material of a sliding face is a ferrous material, stainless steel, titanium, titanium alloy, cobalt or cobalt alloy. The resin material is tetrafluoroethylene resin. The ceramic whisker contains potassium titanate, aluminum borate, zinc oxide and silicon carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silicone gel sheet is a sheet of a silicone gel obtained by curing a silicone gel composition comprising an organopolysiloxane having at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group in one molecule and represented by average compositional formula R'a(R1)bSiO(4-a-b)/2 (I); an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms one molecule; and a platinum catalyst, where the silicone gel has a penetration of 30-200. The thickness of the silicone gel sheet is 200-1000 mu m.R'=alkenyl;R1=optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbyl not having any aliphatic unsaturated bond;a=0.0001 to 0.2;b=1.7 to 2.2;ora+b=1.9 to 2.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The turbine blade is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. The moment-free connection is made of metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The separation layer made of polymer compression gasket exists between the moment-free connection and the blade to eliminate fatigue and any potential corrosive effects between two different metals in contact.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silicone gel sheet is a sheet of a silicone gel obtained by curing a silicone gel composition comprising an organopolysiloxane having at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group in one molecule and average composition of formula RaR1bSiO(4-a-b)/2 (I), where R is alkenyl, R1 is optionally substituted monovalent hydrocarbon not having any aliphatic unsaturated bond, a is 0.0001-0.2, b is 1.7-2.2, and a+b is 1.9-2.4; an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in one molecule; and a platinum catalyst, the silicone gel having a penetration of 30-200.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The system comprises a wireless interface that is provided by a universal serial bus (USB) dongle, Bluetooth or WIFI.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The reflector is made of a glass body.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The processing unit is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell or a solar cell polycrystalline silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The batten is made of a plastic body, a synthetic fiber body or synthetic rubber body.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The particle size of the zinc oxide is 50-200 nm. The thickness of the anode is 100-300 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The active layer is formed by adding 3-hexylthiophene and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate into a solvent and stirring the mixture to form a mixed solution of 3-hexylthiophene and (6,6)- phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate, where the weight ratio of 3-hexylthiophene to (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate is 1:0.8-1:4, applying the mixed solution onto the electronic buffer layer by spin-coating method under inert atmosphere and maintaining at room temperature for 24-48 hours. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the mixed solution of 3-hexylthiophene and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate is 8-24 mg/ml.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The molar concentration of repeat units is in the range of 0.5-5 mol.%. Preferred Components: The fluoroalkylene repeat units comprise a combination of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and vinylidene fluoride (VF2), repeat units; or the fluoroalkylene repeat units comprise a combination of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and perfluorodimethyldioxole (PDD) repeat units. The dichloroamino-functionalized polymer or cyano-functionalized polymer further comprises perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether repeat units. Preferred Condition: The Cl-F is at a pressure in the range of -6 to 200 pounds per square inch gauge (psig). Preferred Definitions:    a, x, y, and z=1;    R2=CF3; and    R3=F.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: In the process (p1), at least one of the first or second polymers further comprises perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether repeat units. The process (p1) further comprises removing residual chlorine monofluoride following the heating step, followed by further heating the polymer to greater than 300-350 degrees C in an inert atmosphere. The process (p2) further comprises forming the reaction mixture into a shaped article prior to heating step. Preferred Components: The fluoroalkylene repeat units comprise: a combination of hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride repeat unit; or a combination of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorodimethyldioxole repeat units. The cyano-functionalized polymer further comprises perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether repeat units. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The trailing edge component is made from rubber, silicon, acetal, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), nylon, acrylic, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic poly olefin (TPO), and polyethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ( alpha )-olefin is 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene. The content of silane compound is 0.1-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The density of low-density polyethylene resin or linear low-density polyethylene resin is 0.920 g/cm3 or less. The adhesive bond layer further comprises maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin resin in which ( alpha )-olefin ethylene copolymer is graft-modified by maleic anhydride, and silane compound of formula: R1-Si(-R3n)-(OR2)3-n (I). The content of ( alpha )-olefin in the( alpha )-olefin ethylene copolymer is 1-25 wt.%. The content of maleic anhydride in the maleic anhydride-modified polyolefin resin is 0.1-3 wt.%.R1=3-glycidoxy propyl or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl;R2,R3=1-3C alkyl;andn=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The rubber composition further contains organic peroxide and silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of inner amino groups with respect to vinyl groups contained in the copolymerization oligomer is 100/200-100/50. The silane coupling agent is an epoxy group-containing silane coupling agent. The primer layer (3) contained in the laminated material is a mono layer. Preferred Process: The pre-baking process is carried out at a temperature of 100-160 degrees C, and the secondary vulcanization process is carried out at a temperature of 100-180 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The conduit includes an insulation layer made of silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The metal layer is formed of aluminum foil.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The bonding layer is formed by urethane-type adhesive agent comprising polyol compound and isocyanurate compound. The sealant layer is formed of material chosen from polyolefin, cyclic polyolefin, carboxylic acid-modified polyolefin, and carboxylic acid-modified cyclic polyolefin. Preferred Properties: The bonding layer has hardness of 22-102 MPa, peak temperature of 13-56 degrees C for loss modulus, and ratio of integral values of (IM) and (IH) of 0.16-1.42.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The blanket is in a sheet form, or in roll shape. Preferred Process: An electrode pattern is formed using an electroconductive paste. During formation of pattern, pattern (P-1) is printed on the blanket by screen-printing method using electroconductive paste, insulating paste or semiconductor paste and the to-be-printed material is positioned on blanket in which pattern (P-1) is printed, and further pattern (P-2) is printed on a surface on opposite side to surface opposite to blanket of to-be-printed material and the to-be-printed material is peeled from the blanket. The pattern (P-1) is transferred to the to-be-printed material. The pattern (P-2) is printed by screen-printing method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic microparticles comprise silicon dioxide as main component. The transparent insulated substrate of the anti-glare film further has secondary inorganic layer on opposite surface. The photovoltaic cell is crystalline silicon solar cell which is provided with crystalline-silicon substrate. The solar cell module further contains pigment or dye. The coating liquid comprises 0.01-20 wt.% inorganic microparticles, 0.1-20 wt.% polysilazane and solvent. Preferred Properties: The anti-glare film has surface arithmetic mean roughness of 250-2000 nm. The ratio of maximum surface height and film thickness of anti-glare film is 1-20. The secondary inorganic layer has average film thickness (d2) of 50-1000 nm, and refractive index which is less than the anti-glare film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin comprises polymer of fluorine-containing monomer including fluorine-containing acrylate monomer, and non-fluorine polyfunctional acrylate monomer. The polymer of monomer comprises fluorine-containing epoxy and/or oxetane monomer, and non-fluorine-type epoxy and/or oxetane monomer. The surface coating layer contains polymerizable monomer having small polymerization inhibition to oxygen. The polymerizable monomer is of formula (I) or (II). The film mirror has resin base material (a), and resin base material (b). The composite film further has a primer layer provided between the resin base material and the surface coating layer.R1=H, or hydrocarbyl;R2-R4=hydrocarbyl;R5=alkylene group in which ether is inserted in the chain;andX1-X3=single bond, or carbonyl.Preferred Process: The surface coating layer is formed by photocuring of ultraviolet exposure of 95 mJ/cm2 or more of accumulated light quantity, in presence of oxygen. Preferred Property: The difference between thermal contraction rate of resin base material to the polymerization contraction rate of surface coating layer at 100 degrees C is less than 10%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer further contains support component having silica particles with an average particle diameter of 0.01-1 micrometer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin layer has composite resin having urethane resin and acrylic resin or melamine resin. The laminate has a plating layer in portion or all of surface of conductive layer. Portion or all of conductive layer contains oxidized silver. The plating layer is formed by electrolytic-copper plating method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphoric acid-modified compounds (B) is chosen from phosphorus-containing compounds of formulae: OH-P(=O)(-OH)-O-R1 (I), R2-O-P(=O)(-OH)-O-R3 (II), R5-O-P(=O)(-O-R4)-O-R6 (III), OH-P(=O)(-OH)-O-R7-O-C(=O)-R8 (IV) and R9-C(=O)-O-R10-O-P(=O)(-OH)-O-R11-O-C(=O)-R12 (V). The adhesive agent composition further comprises epoxy resin (C) having epoxy equivalent of 160-1000, and polyisocyanate compound (D).R1-R6=residue containing epoxy resin having number average molecular weight of 350-3000, or residue containing modified epoxy resin;R11,R7,R10=8C or less alkylene;andR8,R9,R12=epoxy group, isopropenyl or vinyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin (A) is modified polyolefin resin having hydroxyl value of 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g and acid value of 1-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Process: The adhesive agent composition is obtained by mixing 0.1-30 pts. wt. phosphoric acid-modified compound (B) with respect to 100 pts. wt. polyolefin resin (A).
Preferred Definitions:    L=benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, thiophene, thienothiophene, furan, pyrrole or thiazole;    m=1-4;and    n=1.    when R1 is 1-3C fluoroalkyl, m and n are 1-2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrophobic group is bisphenol residue of formula (I), and is optionally substituted by halogen atom. The bonding group is biphenylene group of formula (II), and which optionally substituted by halogen atom. The hydrophilic group is bis(hydroxyphenyl)oxide residue of formula (IIIa) and/or bis(hydroxyphenyl)sulfide residue of formula (IIIb), both optionally substituted by anion exchange group.R=-CH2- or -C(CH3)2- optionally substituted by halo;X =halo;a,b,c,d=0-4;A=anion exchange group;ande,f=0-4, in which at least one being 1 or more.Preferred Component: The fuel side electrode and/or oxygen side electrode in fuel cell comprises catalyst layer. The catalyst layer is battery electrode catalyst layer. Preferred Composition: The hydrogen-containing liquid fuel is hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Capacitor is aluminum wound capacitor, tantalum electrolytic capacitor, or aluminum stacked capacitor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Weight ratio polythiophenes:polyanions in dispersion is 0.67-1.5. Polythiophene is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Polyanion is polystyrenesulfonic acid. Dispersion contains alkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, and/or polyglycerol. Dispersion contains 0.1-10 wt.% solid content. Concentration of compound of formula (I) in aqueous reaction phase is 0.01-5 wt.% based on total weight of aqueous phase. Preferred Processes: Oxidative polymerization of thiophene monomers is performed in the presence of polyanions in water as dispersing agent and in the presence of compound of formula X-S(=O)-OH (I).X=OH, aliphatic or aromatic 1-10C alkyl radical, or aliphatic or aromatic 1-10C alkoxy radical (-OR).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester resin has molar ratio of phosphorus and magnesium of 0.6-0.9. The titanium catalyst is an organic chelate titanium complex having ligand of citric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is an imidazole compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The housing upper part is made of material selected from a group consisting of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The current collector is formed by a metal sheet made of aluminum or superimposed aluminum with copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The side peripheral portions are made of an electrically insulating material such as polyolefin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polyether etherketone, nitrile butadiene rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The bearing element is made of resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Film forming method of silicon compound electrode involves creating thin film by performing plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at 300-550 MHz (ultrahigh frequency band) in which SiO2 film is formed on anode and Si3N4 film is formed on cathode on electrode lead metallic substrate. To prevent corrosion in secondary battery during electrolysis, alumite process, gold plating process, platinum metal plating process, lithium metal plating process, cadmium plating process, nickel plating process, chrome plating process, galvalume metal plating process, galvanization process, or zinc metal hot-dip galvanization plating process is performed. Jelly-form substance made of agar, gelatin, or chemical resin is infiltrated into the inner side of nonwoven fabric, and nonwoven fabric is made into solid state. Electroconductive coating material made of electroconductive graphite is coated to aluminum plate, copper plate, iron plate, or surface of stainless steel board or another electroconductive coating material made of silver paste, metallic lithium, metallic silicon, or calcium is coated to aluminum plate, copper plate, iron plate, or surface of stainless steel board. Calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, or silicon nitride, fine powder of activated carbon or graphite or carbon nanotube, and resin are mixed, kneaded, and molded. Activated carbon and adhesive agent or resin are mixed at weight ratio of 1:1, preferably 3:1. Preferred Parameters: The pH of paste-form acidic substance obtained by dissolving aluminum foil in sulfuric acid in nonaqueous electrolytic film or nonaqueous electrolyzing substance is 7 in which alkaline substance is added to acidic substance to turn acidic substance into neutral substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is polyol ester or citrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The modified phenolic resin is chosen from polyvinyl acetal modified phenolic resin and organic silicone modified phenolic resin. The defoaming agent is chosen from polyether modified silicone oil and methyl silicone oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Substrate comprises plastic, metal, ceramic, and/or glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Wetting layer comprises indium selenide (In2Se3), copper selenide (CuSe2), copper selenide (Cu2Se), gallium selenide (Ga2Se3), indium sulfide (In2S3), copper sulfide (CuS2), copper sulfide (Cu2S), gallium sulfide (Ga2S3), copper indium selenide (CuInSe2), copper gallium selenide (CuGaSe2), indium gallium selenide of formula InxGa2-xSe3, copper indium sulfide (CuInS2), copper gallium sulfide (CuGaS2), indium gallium sulfide of formula InxGa2-xS3, indium selenium sulfide of formula In2Se3-ySy, copper selenium sulfide of formula CuSe2-xSx, copper selenium sulfide of formula Cu2Se1-zSz, gallium selenium sulfide of formula Ga2Se3-ySy, and/or indium gallium sulfide compound of formula InxGa2-xS3-ySy. Substrate comprises molybdenum. Photovoltaic material comprises a variation of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) material in which CIGS component is replaced or supplemented with sulfur, tellurium, aluminum, and/or silver.x=0-2;y=0-3; andz=0-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid silver salt is a silver salt of a carboxylic acid having a group of -COOAg and hydroxyl of fatty acid silver salt, and/or polycarboxylic acid silver salt, and a silver salt of a carboxylic acid having three or more groups (-COOAg). The fatty acid silver salt is 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) butyric acid silver salt and/or 2-hydroxyisobutyrate silver. The silver salt of polycarboxylic acid is 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid silver salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive composition further comprises an epoxy resin, and fatty acid silver salt. The epoxy resin is an epoxy with the equivalent weight of 1000 g/eq or less, and polyhydric alcohol glycidyl type epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The aluminum alloy is aluminum-silicon alloy powder, aluminum-magnesium alloy powder and aluminum-boron alloy powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic binder composition comprises high molecular polymer and organic solvent. The organic solvent comprises terpineol, butyl carbitol acetic acid ester and lecithin. The auxiliary agent is carbon powder and/or nickel powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular polymer is epoxy resin, organic silicon resin, boron modified resin and/or xylene resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Crystalline silicon solar cell back electrode paste contains 46-49 wt.% silver, 44-47 wt.% organic binder, 3-5 wt.% inorganic glass powder, and 0.5-1.5 wt.% additive. Organic binder contains 45-55 wt.% terpineol, 10-15 wt.% ethyl cellulose, and 35-40 wt.% diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate. Inorganic glass powder contains 0.1-20 wt.%, preferably 5-15 wt.% silicon dioxide (SiO2), 40-80 wt.%, preferably 50-75 wt.% bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3), 0.1-5 wt.%, preferably 2-4 wt.% diboron trioxide (B2O3), 1-10 wt.%, preferably 4-8 wt.% zinc oxide (ZnO), and 0.1-5 wt.%, preferably 1-3 wt.% barium oxide (BaO). Additive is selected from titanium oxide, tin oxide and/or antimony oxide. Preferred Parameters: Silver powder has 1.5 mu m average particle diameter. Additive particle size is not greater than 3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode contains 40-90 wt.% (preferably 60-75 wt.%) electrochemical active cathode material, 1-55 wt.% (preferably 10-25 wt.%), electroconductive carbon material and/or 0.5-30 wt.% (preferably 2-5 wt.%) plastic. The sulfur in electrochemical active cathode material is lithium sulfate. The electroconductive carbon material contains porous carbon, graphene, graphite, diamond like carbon, graphite like carbon, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes and/or carbon hollow spheres. The content of silicon and/or tin with respect to total mass of anode is 0.1-90 wt.%, preferably 40-70 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The diameter of carbon nanotubes and carbon fiber is 0.1-100 nm (preferably 5-25 nm), and 1-100 mu m (preferably 10-20 mu m), respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte contains solution or suspension by at least one lithium salt in cyclic or non-cyclic ether. The lithium salt is lithium-bis (tri fluorine methane sulphonyl) imide, lithium tri fluorine methanesulfonate and/or lithium nitrate. The cyclic or not-cyclic ether is dimethoxyethane, tetraethylengycoldimethylether and/or 1,3-dioxolan.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fibrillar plastic is fibrillar polytetrafluoroethylene. The battery includes a separator between cathode and anode. The separator is permeable film including polyethylene, polypropene and/or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Absorber: The near-IR absorber is mixed with a dispersing agent. The near-IR absorber comprises reduced tungsten oxide. The near-IR absorber has an average particle size of 10 nm to 15 micron (preferably 50-150 nm). The near-IR absorber provides a color change to the coating system, where the color change has a delta E that is not greater than 5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Coating: The first coating further comprises a film-forming resin. The second coating substantially covers the first layer and preferably contains a near-IR absorber. The second coating comprises a thickness of 0.1-20 mils. The first and second coating comprises a thermoplastic and/or thermosetting composition, which are different. The second coating comprises no added near-IR absorber. Preferred Method: The method further involves the step of curing the first coating prior to applying the second coating. EXAMPLE - A wind blade coating system was prepared by mixing 1.34 g of reduced tungsten oxide with 168 g of HSP-7401 (RTM: polyurethane primer). This mixture was catalyzed with 32 g of AUE-3550 (RTM: isocyanate hardener) and reduced to spray viscosity with the addition of 40 g of n-butyl acetate. This coating was then spray applied to a fiberglass composite substrate with an Omega thermocouple attached to the surface. The sample was allowed to dry at room temperature for two hours. The sample was then overcoated with AUE-57035 (RTM: polyurethane primer), spray applied, and allowed to cure at room temperature for seven days to form wind blade coating system having 0.6% reduced tungsten oxide in the primer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first sealing member includes an elastic material consisting of Teflon (RTM: PTFE), ethylene propylene diene monomer, polytetrafluoroethylene, and nitrile butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The metal liner may comprise 45 pts. wt. PTFE powder. 12.5 pts. wt. selenium cadmium sulfide, 12.5 pts. wt. manganese dioxide, 12.5 pts. wt. polyurethane resin, 75 pts. wt. thermosetting acrylic resin, 85 pts. wt. cobalt naphthenate solution, 7.5 pts. wt. n-butanol, 45 pts. wt. dimethylbenzene, 35 pts. wt. sodium chloride, and 17.5 pts. wt. calcium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide dry particle size is 50-90 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The degree of sulfonation of polyphenylene sulfide is 57-80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The phosphor-tungstic acid is replaced by phosphorus acid or silicotungstic acid. The konjac glucomannan is purified glucomannan. The purified glucomannan is prepared by dissolving konjak glucomannan polysaccharide fine powder in 50 vol.% ethanol, extracting for 2 times, and then using de-ionized water to wash for 3 times, after swelling, then depositing primary product by absolute ethyl alcohol, dissolving the primary product in 95 vol.% ethanol to wash, then using the absolute ethyl alcohol to wash, drying in room temperature after washing to obtain the purified konjac glucomannan. The ethanol is replaced by methanol or acetone. The thickness of the konjac glucomannan to obtain base film is 40-50 mu m. The thickness of the konjac glucomannan/heteropoly acid composite proton conductive film is 50-70 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises (i) reacting 6-bromooxindole with 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-dicarbaldehyde in an absolute ethanol as solvent under presence of pyridine as catalyst to obtain (3Z,3'Z)-3,3'-(2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-diylbis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(6-bromoindolin-2-one) (II), (ii) reacting (II) with 1-iodo-2-octyldodecane in N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent under presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate as catalyst to obtain (3Z,3'Z)-3,3'-(2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-diylbis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(6-bromo-1-(2-octyldodecyl)indolin-2-one) (III), and (iii) reacting (III) with 4,8-bis-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene (IV) in anhydrous toluene as a solvent under presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine ligand to obtain (I). Preferred Components: The step (i) in which: the molar ratio of 6-bromooxindole to 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-dicarbaldehyde is 2:1; and the reaction time is 12-36 hours, and the reaction temperature is 50-80 degrees C. The step (ii) in which: the molar ratio of (II) to 1-iodo-2-octyldodecane is 1:2-1:4; and the reaction temperature is 90-130 degrees C. The step (iii) in which: the molar ratio of (III) to (IV) is 1:1; and the reaction time is 2-8 hours, and the reaction temperature is 60-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is ethylene glycol, glycerol and n-butyl alcohol is 1:1:1. The content of polyvinyl pyrrolidone is 10 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of lithium hexafluorophosphate and fluoroalkyl lithium boride is preferably 1:0.02-1:0.05.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkyl boride is chosen from monofluoromethyl borane and 2-perfluoro phenyl tetrafluoro benzodioxol borane boride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass powder contains lead-boron silicate, zinc-boron silicate and/or bismuth-boron silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic additive is chosen from oxide of calcium, magnesium, bismuth, zinc, silver, tantalum, titanium, manganese, ruthenium and rhodium. Preferred Property: The aluminum oxide powder has particle diameter of 0.1-10 microns or 0.001-0.1 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is a mixture of polymer resin and organic solvent. The mass ratio of polymer resin and organic solvent is 0.1-1:10. The organic solvent is chosen from terpineol, aliphatic alcohol, fatty alcohol and/or glycol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer resin is chosen cellulose, polymethacrylate and rosin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid solution is 20-38 %mass hydrochloric acid and the alkali solution is 25-38 %mass aqueous ammonia. The gel electrolyte contains lithium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl formamide, acetonitrile or ethanol. The electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrode is formed with a copper indium gallium selenide absorber layer, a cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer, an intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO) layer, a zinc oxide aluminum (ZnO-Al) layer and a nickel-aluminum front electrode layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The UV shielding agent in intermediate layer is R706 and/or R902. The UV absorber is phenyl ketone, benzotriazole, substituted propylene and triazine ultraviolet absorbent. The triazine ultraviolet absorbent is UV-P, UV-O, UV-9 or UV-531. The light stabilizer is AM-101, GW-540 or HPT. The modified polymer resin is HD900P, PC-33C or TRD-428P. The antihydrolysis agent is polycarbodiimide. The polyolefin copolymer is ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer or ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Thickening agent is oxide or hydroxide of group IIA metals. Filler is asbestos, talcum powder, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and/or aluminum hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Initiator is benzoyl peroxide, tributyl phosphate, octyl phthalate, and/or N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone. Internal release agent is lecithin, alkyl phosphate ester acid, synthetic wax, natural wax, stearic acid, and/or stearate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Component A contains 2-10 pts. wt. low-shrink additive and 2-5 pts. wt. colorant. Low-shrink additive is polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, and/or polyvinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The emulsion is 0.06-0.1 wt.% of silane coupling agent. The emulsion has a pH value of 4-4.5. The dipping agent comprises 0.1-0.5 wt.% of the aqueous silane coupling agent, 0.06-0.12 wt.% of alkyl imidazoline, 1-5 wt.% of water-soluble phenolic resin and 2-6 wt.% of water-soluble epoxy resin. The impregnation agent has a pH value of 4.5-5. The epoxy compound is oxidation of primary amine. The peroxide is benzoyl peroxide or cyclohexanone peroxide. The unsaturated polyester resin is unsaturated polyester resin 306, unsaturated polyester resin 307, unsaturated polyester resin 191 or unsaturated polyester resin 196. The glass fiber is alkali-free glass fiber. The silane coupling agent is silane coupling agent G550 or silane coupling agent G570.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flame retardant composed of flame retardant A selected from phosphoric acid tri (2 3-di-chlorine propyl) ester, ammonium polyphosphate, octabromoether (BDDP), triphenyl phosphate, hexabromocyclododecane, or decabromodiphenyl diphenyl ether; and flame retardant B selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, zinc borate or melamine pyrophosphate. The hydrolysis-resistant agent is carbodiimide or carbon imine compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mineral fiber is formed by subjecting the dibase used as main substrate to high temperature melt-blowing process, where the mineral fiber has diameter of 4-6 mu m, aluminum oxide content of 10-20%, and the slag content is less than 2%. The modified resin is cashew oil or rubber powder modified-phenolic resin, where the particle size of modified resin is modified resin more than 200 meshes. The grinding agent is iron ore powder, zirconium silicate, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide, where the particle size of grinding agent powder is more than 320 meshes. The performance regulator is zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, zeolite powder or vermiculite. The filler is wollastonite, barite powder, barium sulfate, mica powder, cryolite powder, light calcium carbonate, calcium oxide or feldspar.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The butyronitrile latex is prepared by copolymerizing acrylonitrile and butadiene copolymer, where the solid content in the butyronitrile latex, is more than 45%, the acrylonitrile content is 32-36%, and the pH is 8-10. Preferred Components: The polytetrafluoroethylene is fluorine-substituted polyethylene, where the hydrogen atoms are artificial synthetic macromolecular materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon sheet is selected from polycrystalline silicon piece, monocrystalline silicon piece or quasi-monocrystalline piece. Bonding agent comprises inorganic binder and organic binder. The inorganic binder is selected from carboxymethyl cellulose or ethyl cellulose. Ethyl cellulose is selected from silica gel, silicate or sodium silicate. Corrosive liquid is selected from acid corrosion liquid or alkaline corrosion liquid. The acidic corrosion liquid is selected from hydrofluoric acid or oxidizing acid. The oxidizing acid is selected from nitric acid, nitrous acid, nitrite, potassium dichromate, perchloric acid or hypochlorous acid. The alkaline corrosion liquid is selected from potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acid is dilute 0.01-0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid or 0.01-0.l mol/L nitric acid. The negatively charged protective agent comprises sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfate and halogen salt mixture at a molar ratio of 1:1-5:1. The dilute alkali is 0.01-0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide or 0.01-0.1 mol/L potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The positively charged protective agent comprises chitosan and polyallyl ammonium chloride at a molar ratio of 0.01:1-1:1 with hydronium ions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Diluent is reactive diluent. Reactive diluent is 3-7 wt.% benzyl glycidyl ether and/or 3-6 wt.% butyl glycidyl ether based on total weight of component A. Toner is titanium white to form white color, brilliant scarlet red powder to form red color, and/or phthalocyanine blue pigment powder to form blue color with amount of 1-2 wt.% based on total weight of component A.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Defoamer is polysiloxane. Component A contains toner for epoxy resin pouring sealant to show corresponding color. Preferred Processes: Bisphenol A type epoxy resin is preheated at 40 degrees C for 30 minutes before adding to component A. Component A is prepared by mixing while stirring all component A raw materials at constant temperature of 60 degrees C. Component B is prepared by mixing and stirring 1st raw materials and 2nd raw materials at constant temperature of 80 degrees C. Preferred Conditions: Epoxy resin pouring sealant can be used at 25 degrees C for 15-25 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The diethanolamine can be replaced by triethanolamine or a polyethylene glycol. The zinc nitrate hexahydrate can be replaced by zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc acetate dihydrate or zinc sulfate hexahydrate. The zinc nitrate-rare earth element compound precursor solution comprises dysprosium-doped zinc oxide nanowires using dysprosium nitrate pentahydrate and zinc complexes precursor, samarium doped zinc oxide nanowires using samarium nitrate and zinc complexes precursor, lanthanum oxide doped zinc oxide nanowire precursor using lanthanum salts and zinc complexes, and gadolinium-doped zinc oxide nano-wire using gadolinium salt and zinc compound precursor.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive slurry comprises 91-95 wt.% silver powder, 0.2-2 wt.% glass powder and 3-8.8 wt.% organic carrier. The glass powder comprises lead oxide, silicon dioxide, boric acid and zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises 10-30 wt.% thermoplastic styrene-butadiene block copolymer, 0.1-5 wt.% auxiliary agent, 1-10 wt.% phytic acid and remainder of mixed solvent. The auxiliary agent is chosen from polyamide powder, micronized wax, modified hydrogenated castor oil, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol. The mixed solvent is chosen from butyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, tributyl citrate, tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Lithium salt is lithium-containing inorganic compound or organic compound e.g. lithium hydroxide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium oxalate, methyl lithium, ethyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec.-butyl lithium, and/or tert.-butyl lithium. Organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, sulfurous acid ester, sulfuric acid ester, gamma -butyrolactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dioxolane, 1,2-diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, sulfolane, and/or dimethyl sulfone. Preferred Conditions: Drying step is carried out by air drying or vacuum drying at 50-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Polyvinyl alcohol or its formal acid or homolog has molecular weight of 50000-300000 and alcoholysis degree of 70%-99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silane coupling agent is KH570 silane coupling agent or KH550 silane coupling agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ethylene monomer is styrene, methyl methacrylate or glycidyl methacrylate, and the epoxy resin is epoxy resin E-51 or epoxy resin E-44. The curing agent is diethyltoluenediamine, 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane or 3,5-dimethyl-thioltoluenediamine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of polyurethane prepolymer and curing agent is 7:3, the copolymer is ethylene monomer or epoxy resin, and the amount of the copolymer is 10-50 wt.%, preferably 15-40 wt.% of the total weight of the polyurethane prepolymer and curing agent. The fiber is Kevlar (RTM: Para-aramid synthetic fiber) fiber or sisal fiber, and the amount of the fiber is 0.5-5 wt.%, preferably 0.5-3 wt.% of the total weight of the in polyurethane prepolymer and curing agent. The curing agent is an organic amine, and the curing time is 8-24 hours. The heat-conducting filler is graphite thermal conductive filler or graphene thermal conductive filler. The heat-conducting filler is processed with a silane coupling agent before using, and the amount of the heat-conducting filler is 0.5-10 wt.%, preferably 2-8 wt.% of the total weight of the in polyurethane prepolymer and curing agent. Preferred Method: The method comprises vacuum degassing for 1 hours, preheating the mold at 100-120 degrees C, and heating to curing at 80-100 degrees C for 8-12 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The step (iii) comprises firstly facing downward the FTO conductive glass and floating on the reaction solvent, reacting at 95 degrees C (preferably for 90 degrees C) for 48 hours (preferably 45 hours) at ambient temperature, then at 50 degrees C (preferably 45 degrees C) for 48 hours (preferably 45 hours) at ambient temperature, and finally at 95 degrees C (preferably 90 degrees C) for 24 hours (preferably 20 hours) at ambient temperature. In the step (ii), the reaction solvent in zinc nitrate, hexamethylenetetramine, polyethyleneimine and ammonium hydroxide substance ratio is 2:2:0.5:35, to obtain mixed solution with concentration of 0.395 mol/l. The zinc acetate alcohol solution is prepared by adding 5 mmol zinc acetate into 1 l alcohol solution, then stirring, uniformly dissolving to prepare 5mmol/l zinc acetate alcohol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Catalyst is of formula (Cu-X).X=Cl, Br, or I.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ligand is 4,4'-bipyridine and/or N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ENVIRONMENT - Preferred Processes: Postreatment is carried out by running at least 1 cycle of treating wastewater containing 50-5000 mg/L phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as substrate in which experimental external resistors are 1000 Q, and starting microbiological fuel cell film without adding wastewater with 5000 mg/L PBS concentration as substrate in which pH is adjusted to 7.3-7.5. Catalyst is prepared by mixing platinum/carbon (Pt/C) material with isopropanol, uniformly stirring and adding Nafion solution, and ultrasonically stirring for 30 minutes. Anode is prepared by coating graphite carbon with 40-60% PTFE latex, treating at 370 degrees C, and repeating process in which anode projection area is 10-15 cm2. Cathode is prepared by mixing carbon black and isopropanol, uniformly stirring and adding 40-60% PTFE solution, ultrasonically stirring at 100-200 Hz for 10-20 minutes, uniformly mixing, uniformly coating pre-sediment with 5% PTFE emulsion of hydrophobic carbon cloth, continuously coating, drying at 7.5 MPa, hot pressing at 250 degrees C for 10-15 minutes, sintering in muffle furnace at 340 degrees C for 30 minutes to arrange carbon, removing PTFE bonding component, and coating catalyst on 1 side of carbon cloth in which cathode projection area is 10-15 cm2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The positive electrode slurry further comprises glass powder comprising lead oxide-bismuth(III) oxide-silica-zinc oxide glass comprising 40-60 wt.% lead oxide, 1-15 wt.% silica, 20-30 wt.% bismuth(III) oxide and 10-27 wt.% zinc oxide, organic binder comprising 10-20 %mass ethyl cellulose, 5-10 %mass hydrogenated castor oil, 50-60 %mass carbitol and 15-30 %mass octyl phthalate, and inorganic additive comprising zinc, iron, nickel, indium, metal powder or metal oxide powder. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of metal powder or metal oxide powder is 0.5 mu m or less. The metal powder or metal oxide powder has purity of more than 99.9%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The protective layer of the friction layer is made of preset amount of iron, copper, graphite, steel wool fiber, and antimony sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal scavenger comprises flocculants, silica gel, or metal chelating compound. The silica gel is selected from 3-(diethylenetriamino) propyl-functionalized silica gel, 2-(4-(ethylenediamino)benzene)ethyl-functionalized silica gel, 3-(mercapto)propyl-functionalized silica gel, 3-(1-thioureido)propyl-functionalized silica gel and triamine tetraacetate-functionalized silica gel. The metal chelating compound includes ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The ion-conducting polymer comprises a material selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyhexafluoropropylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), their copolymers and blends; polystyrene sulfonic acid-polyvinylalcohol copolymer (PSSA-PVA) and polystyrene sulfonic acid-ethylene vinylalcohol copolymer (PSSA-EVOH).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing material consists of resin having thermoplasticity and polyolefin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The slurry includes lithium magnesium oxide (xLi2MnO3) and lithium metal oxide ((1-x)LiyMO2), where x is 0-1, y is 0.9-1.2 and M includes manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, vanadium, copper, zinc, titanium, aluminum, magnesium and boron. The cathode is made of stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, and/or carbon. The sheet is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The electronic device has a lower electrode and a copper-indium-gallium-selenide film. The lower electrode and the copper-indium-gallium-selenide film are laminated on the surface of the insulating layer, and contact the peripheral sealing material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The peripheral sealing material contains polyisobutylene. The water-vapor barrier film further consists of a shock-resistant absorption layer. The flexible substrate consists of an insulating layer provided on one ore more metal layers. The lower surface of the flexible substrate has a pressure-resistant layer. The shock-resistant absorption layer and the pressure-resistant layer contain polycarbonate resin. The region enclosed by the peripheral sealing material is filled with filler (16). Preferred Properties: The thickness of the support material is 250 mu m or less. The water-vapor permeation rate of the peripheral sealing material is 2 g/m2/day or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pipe is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pipe is made of plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of hydrofluoric acid solution is 2-40 %mass. The silicon micro-nanostructured material is lithium-ion battery cathode material, solar cell material, thermoelectric material, or surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy active substrate material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic vapor deposition layer consists of silicon oxides. Inorganic vapor deposition layer which consists of inorganic compound and composite film layer are laminated.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Polyester base material consists of polyester resin composition with molecular weight of greater than or equal to 55000. Preferred Process: Easily bonding layer with thickness of 20-100 nm is applied after longitudinal stretch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The protective layer further contains 0.1-40 parts mass crosslinking agent with respect to 100 parts mass modified polyvinyl alcohol. The crosslinking agent is polyvalent amine compound, polyvalent hydrazide compound and polyvalent oxazoline compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl alcohol is modified polyvinyl alcohol, preferably diacetone acrylamide modified or acetoacetyl modified.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is chosen from polypropylene, polyethylene, and/or their copolymers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The base material is chosen from single layer porous film, laminated porous film, woven fabric, and nonwoven fabric.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyolefin resin of back face coat layer is ethylene-ethylacrylate copolymer or a hydride of styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer. The back face coat layer further contains acrylic resin. The polyolefin resin of sealing material is polyethylene-type resin or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The base material is polyethylene terephthalate film or polyethylene naphthalate film. The protection sheet contains fluorine resin film as weatherproofing layer, water vapor barrier, base material and back face coat layer, in order. The water vapor barrier is a moisture proof film having inorganic layer on the surface of resin layer with a water-vapor-permeation rate of less than 0.1 at 40 degrees C and 90% relative humidity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The foam type material includes polyurethane or silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The soft magnetic material comprises manganese zinc ferrites or nickel zinc ferrites.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The soft magnetic material comprises iron, cobalt, nickel or alloys of iron, cobalt and nickel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Composition is prepared by mixing raw materials. The mixed raw materials are mixed with water, ground for 2-3 hours and sieved through 200-400 mesh size to obtain slurry. The obtained slurry is dried and mixed with modified silver powder and polyethylene wax powder (2-3wt.%) to obtain mixture. The mixture is stirred and pressed into blank at pressure of 12-15 megapascal. The blanks are put into calcination furnace at 700-750 degrees C for 4-5 hours. The obtained material is cooled and sieved through 300-400 mesh size sieve to obtain desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thixotropic agent is BYK (RTM: Liquid rheological additive)-410.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The photoactive layer includes an electron donor and an electron acceptor, where the electron donor includes (I). The solar cell further comprises an electron-transport layer and a hole-transport layer. Preferred Method: The photoactive layer formation step is carried out by spin coating method. The method further comprises forming a hole transport layer on the first electrode, forming a hole transport layer over the photoactive layer, forming an electron transport layer over the photoactive layer, and forming a second electrode over the electron transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The (I) absorbs sunlight at wavelength of 300-700 nm. A molecular weight distribution of (I) is 1-100. The number average molecular weight of (I) is 500-1000000. The electron acceptor includes fullerene, fullerene derivative, basocuproin, semiconductive element and semiconductive compound. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds of formula (I) are specifically claimed. i.e. (E)-2,3-diphenylbut-2-enedinitrile of formulae (Ia-Id).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (A) involves using one or more organometallic coupling procedures. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1=phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, pyrenyl, triphenylenyl, chrysenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, carbazolyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl or silafluorenyl (all optionally substituted by R1);    Ar2=anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, chrysene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, or triphenylene (all optionally substituted by R1);    a=1; and    b=2, where the sum of m and n, o and p, and q and r is 1, respectively.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 81 Compounds (A) are disclosed, e.g. 7,7,13,13-tetramethyl-N-(7,7,13,13-tetramethyl-7,13-dihydrobenzo(g)indeno(1,2-b)fluoren-11-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)-7,13-dihydrobenzo(g)indeno(1,2-b)fluoren-11-amine of formula (Aa), 7,7,13,13-tetramethyl-5-phenyl-N,N-di-p-tolyl-7,13-dihydrobenzo(g)indeno(1,2-b)fluorene-11-amine, 7,7,13,13-tetramethyl-N-(7,7-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7H-benzo(c)fIuoren-9-yl)-N-phenyl-7,13-dihydrobenzo(g)indeno(1,2-b)fIuoren-11-amine, and 7,13-dihydrobenzo(g)indeno(1,2-b)fluoren-11-amine compound of formulae (Ab) and (Ac).    EXAMPLE - 135 g of 2-(4'-((2',5'-bis-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-4'-naphthalin-1-yl-biphenyl-4-yl)-p-tolyl-amino)-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-4-naphthalin-1-yl-biphenyl-2-yl)-propan-2-ol was dissolved in 1.3 l of dichloromethane, and mixed with 69 ml of methanesulfonic acid and 156 g of polyphosphoric acid at -20 degrees C. The reaction solution was allowed overnight to warm to room temperature. The precipitated yellow solid was filtered and the obtained mixture was worked up to give 7,7,13,13-tetramethyl-N-(7,7,13,13-tetramethyl-7,13-dihydrobenzo(g)indeno(1,2-b)fluoren-11-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)-7,13-dihydrobenzo(g)indeno(1,2-b)fluoren-11-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The rare earth-doped fluoride glass is chosen from niobium-doped arsenic fluoride, erbium-doped cadmium fluoride, erbium-doped lead fluoride, erbium-doped yttrium fluoride, niobium-doped lead-metal-fluoride (Nb:Pb5M3F19), holmium-doped barium-yttrium-fluoride (Ho:BaY2F8), praseodymium-potassium-yttrium-fluoride (PrK2YF5) and/or thulium-doped zirconium-barium-lanthanum-aluminum-sodium-fluoride (Tu:ZBLAN), where M is chosen from aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron and calcium. The europium, ytterbium co-doped multi-component silicate glass is chosen from neodymium tungstate (Nd(WO4)3), erbium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Er:YVO4) and/or yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Y3Al5O12). The glass powder is chosen from lead-based glass and/or bismuth-based glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heavy metal halides of rare earth-doped heavy metal halides is chosen from cesium-rare earth-chloride (Cs3A2Cl9), cesium-rare earth-bromide (Cs3A2Br9) and cesium-rare earth-iodide (Cs3A2I9), where A is rare earth element chosen from lanthanum, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium or yttrium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is chosen from terpineol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, dodecanol ester, dibasic ester (DBE) and/or ethyl cellulose. The aluminum paste further has a dispersing agent in the ratio of 0.5-10 wt.% with respect to aluminum paste. The dispersing agent is chosen from stearic acid, Span (RTM: Dispersing agent), lecithin, oleic acid and/or lauric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The interior layer and the exterior layer each comprise a polyamide and ionomer alloy. The interior layer and the exterior layer each have a thickness of 0.5 mils to eight (8) mils. The middle layer has a thickness of three (3) mils to seven (7) mils. The middle layer comprises at least one of a PA11, PA12, PA610, or PA612. The middle layer comprises five percent (5%) to about forty percent (40%) filler. The middle layer comprises at least one of a talc filled polyamide, calcium carbonate filled polyamide, or a talc and calcium carbonate filled polyamide. The method involves a co-extrusion process that includes at least one of a co-extruded cast film process and a co-extruded blown film process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal nanowires are silver nanowires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Layer (106) comprises an electron acceptor comprising poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-61C-butyric acid methyl ester. Layer (108) comprises an electron donor comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic pigment is carbon black. The flame retardant agent is selected from metal oxide hydrates, polyphosphates, melamines, polysiloxanes and/or organic phosphonates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Battery label: The polyimide substrate comprises an inorganic pigment dispersed throughout the substrate. The concentration of carbon black in the polyimide substrate is 1-2%. The polyimide substrate exhibits a black color. The polyimide substrate is formed from polymerizing pyromelletic dianhydride and 4,4'-oxydianiline. The thickness of the polyimide substrate is 35-42 (preferably 13-17) mu m. The label further comprises: a top coat layer disposed on the outer face of the polyimide substrate. The thickness of the top coat layer is 0.5-5 mu m. The flame retardant pressure sensitive adhesive comprises: an acrylic adhesive; and at least one flame retardant agent. The layer of the flame retardant pressure sensitive adhesive has a thickness of 20-100 mu m. The multilayer battery label comprises: a substrate defining an outer face and an oppositely directed inner face; and a layer of a flame retardant pressure sensitive adhesive disposed on the inner face of the substrate, where the substrate comprises a polyimide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cooling element is a metal alloy element comprised of tin and bismuth. The metal element is a metal alloy comprised of tin and bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The eutectic temperature of the cooling element is: 100-150 degrees C; and based on an operating temperature of the electrochemical cell. The cooling element comprises at least one plastic spacer embedded in the cooling element. The melting of the cooling element creates an air gap to absorb thermal energy for the electrochemical cell. The energy storage system further comprises a cooling plate configured to support the cooling element. The cooling plate comprises at least one channel for diverting melted material of a cooling element from the electrochemical cell. The energy storage system is a vehicle battery pack comprising many electrochemical cells, each associated with a cooling element. Preferred Method: The isolation fault is detected based on electrical connection of the electrochemical cell to the energy storage system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic spacer is one of a polyol plastic, pentaerythritol, and polyurethane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Filter aid is diatomite and/or sawdust. Preferred Processes: Rinsing is performed by washing with 20-25% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) alkali liquid until pH is 7.5-8 and acid-washing with 3-4% H2SO4 solution until pH is 7 to remove impurity while maintaining processing temperature of 80-95 degrees C. Manganese dioxide product is crushed until 94-96% of the powder has size of - 200 meshes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: High molecular polyelectrolyte is polyacrylamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solvent adhesive is acrylic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Adhesive tape base material contains 95 pts. wt. EVA resin and 5 pts. wt. modified auxiliary agent. EVA resin contains 25-33 wt.% vinyl acetate and balance ethylene. Modified auxiliary agent contains 40-60%, preferably 50% organic peroxide crosslinking agent, 25-35%, preferably 30% silane coupling agent, 12-18%, preferably 15% anti-UV aging agent, and 3-7%, preferably 5% antioxidant. Preferred Parameters: EVA locating adhesive tape has width of 5-20 mm and length of 10-100 m per roll.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Manufacture of laminated sheet involves forming water vapor barrier on other surface of the base material. Preferred Composition: The base material has water vapor barrier on the surface(s). The laminated material has weatherproofing layer, water vapor barrier, base material, and back face coat layer, laminated in order. The back face coat layer contains polyolefin resin. The weatherproofing layer is a fluorine resin film. The fluorine resin is chosen from ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidenefluoride, and polyvinyl fluoride. Preferred Property: The weatherproofing layer has thermal contraction rate of 0.5% or more at 150 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulated substrate is formed from film material selected from a group consisting of polyimide and polyamidoimide, and heat resistant film of polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electric wire terminal is made from copper or copper alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The photoresist is UV curable resin or visible light curing type resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phase change material is N-paraffin, polyethylene glycol, sodium sulfate decahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, sodium thio-sulfate or sodium acetate trihydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: The dye-sensitized solar cell contains iodine and iodide which are oxidation-reduction chemical species in which weight ratio iodine/macromolecular component is 0.001/1-2/1, and weight ratio iodine/iodide is 1/5-1/8. Preferred Parameters: Film thickness of electrolyte is 0.3-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Macromolecular component is a copolymer of formulae (I) or (II).m/n=0.1-100; andx=20-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of polymer (A) is 10-70 %mass. The polymer (A) is a polymer which has vinylidene fluoride unit. The polymer (B) is a polymer which has group containing acrylic-ester unit and methacrylic-ester unit, and core-shell type structure having a core portion and shell portion. The shell portion has polyalkylene oxide structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: (II) is methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (preferred), hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, and/or isophorone diisocyanate. (III) is trimethylolpropandiglycidylether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, butanediol diglycidyl ether and cyclohexanedimethanol diglycidyl ether, dimer of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, dimer of bisphenol F-diglycidyl ether, and/or dimer of bisphenol A/F-diglycidyl ether. The alkoxylated bisphenol: has 3-15 moles of alkyleneoxy units per mole of bisphenol; and comprises alkoxylated, preferably an ethoxylated, bisphenol A (preferred), bisphenol F, bisphenol E, bisphenol AP, bisphenol B, bisphenol BP, bisphenol C, bisphenol FL, bisphenol G, bisphenol M, bisphenol P, bisphenol PH, bisphenol TMC, or bisphenol Z. The components (a), (b), (c) and optionally (d) are used in proportions such that a molar ratio of the isocyanate groups to the hydroxyl groups is less than 1, preferably 0.75-0.9. The component (d) includes the epoxy resin A, which is castor oil glycidyl ether containing (III).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises at least one epoxy resin B containing (III), which is reacted with the chain extended prepolymer. Preferred Components: (I) is polyether polyols, polybutadiene polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and/or NH-terminated polyethers. The epoxy resin A and/or the epoxy resin B comprises a reaction product of at least one epoxy and at least one diol, triol or higher polyol, or a reaction product of an epoxy resin and at least one monophenol. The epoxy resin B is bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether product, a bisphenol F-diglycidyl ether product and a bisphenol A/F-diglycidyl ether product. The epoxy resin comprises an epoxy compound of formula (IV).R = H or methyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flame retardant generates non-combustible in a combustion initial stage, and exhibits flame retardance by dilution of combustible gas and/or oxygen interruption. The flame retardant is mixture of phosphorus-nitrogen-containing composition (A), or mixture (B) of bromine containing compound and antimony containing compound. The antimony-containing compound is antimony trioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The phosphorus-nitrogen-containing composition (A) contains mixture of piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate. The bromine-containing compound is 1,2-bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)ethane. The content of the flame retardant is 1-45 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass curable functional group-containing fluoropolymer. The curable functional group-containing fluoropolymer contains polymer unit-based on fluoromonomer, polymer unit-based on hydroxyl-containing monomer, carboxyl group-containing monomer, acid anhydride monomer, amino group-containing monomer and/or silicone-type vinyl monomer. The fluoromonomer is chosen from tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor is titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, methanol, metal salt or organic peroxide. Preferred Properties: The oxidizing agent has normal electrode potential (E0) of -0.5 V to 2 V. The light absorbency (A1000) of photoelectric conversion element at 1000 nm, satisfies a relation: A1000 greater than or equal to FTsc/8, where FTsc is film thickness ( mu m) of semiconductor layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of molar concentration (M) of electroconductive high molecular precursor and molar concentration (ox) of oxidizing agent is 0.1 or less. The electroconductive high molecular precursor is monomer having dioxane-type repeating unit of formula (I). The sensitizing dye is of formula: (R3)3-n-N(Ar'-(A1)p-(A2)q-Z)n (II). The conductive polymer has dioxane-type repeating unit of formula (III).X=S, NR or O;R=H or alkyl;R1-R4=H, halo, 1-30C linear or branched alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 1-30C alkoxy, 2-30C polyethyleneoxy or (un)substituted 4-30C cyclic compound containing group;R3=alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl heterocyclyl (all optionally substituted), halo, H, amino or cyano;Ar'=bivalent cyclic compound group;A1,A2=single bond, bivalent (un)saturated hydrocarbyl, optionally substituted alkylene, arylene, or bivalent heterocyclyl;Z=organic group having acidic group, alkoxysilane or halosilane;p,q=0-6;andn=1-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The weight ratio of polythiophenen:polyanions in the dispersion is 0.67 and 1.5. The polythiophenen is poly-3,4-ethylendioxythiophen. The polyanion is polystyrene sulfonic acid. The dispersion consists of alkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol, and/or polyglycerin. A solid content in the dispersion is 0.1-10 wt.%. The capacitor includes an electrode body of an electrode material. The anode body is at least partially coated with a solid electrolyte. The thiophene-monomer is 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Preferred Method: The dispersion producing method comprises performing oxidative polymerization of the thiophene monomers in the presence of polyanions in water as a dispersion medium and in the presence of sulfur containing compound of formula (X-S(=O)2-OH) (I). The concentration of (I) in the aqueous reaction phase is 0.01-5 wt.%.X = OH, aliphatic or aryl 1-10C-alkyl or aliphatic or aryl 1-10C-alkoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The adhesion sealing layer contains a silane compound having glycidyl group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A plasma-processing process is carried in the surface connecting the protective layer and the adhesion sealing layer of the solar cell protection sheet. Preferred Components: The heat-bondable resin is chosen from acid-modified polyolefin, acid-modified ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, ionomer, and ethylene acrylate-acid anhydride group-containing copolymer. The fluorine resin contained in the fluorine resin sheet is chosen from tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polychlorotrifluoroethylene resin, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene perfluoro alkylvinyl-ether copolymer, polyvinyl fluoride resin, tetrafluoroethylene hexafluoropropylene copolymer, fluorinated vinylidene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride and polymethyl methacrylate. The protective layer has an embossed shape in the surface contacting the adhesion sealing layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silver salt is silver nitrate. The reducing agent is sodium borohydride, oxalic acid or stannous chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The protecting agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of from 16000 to 500000 Da; or the polymer has a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of from 25000 to 800000 Da. Preferred Parameters: The polymer exhibits a polydispersity index in the range of 1.0 to 5.0. It is a conductive polymer with electrical conductivity ranging from 1010 to 107 S/m. It exhibits one or more optoelectronic properties. The polymer exhibits a small band gap ranging from 0.1 to 6 eV. The polymer is capable of absorbing light ranging from 100 nm to 3000 nm. Preferred Components: The polymer is a p-type polymer. It comprises n-repeating units of the formula (II).. Preferred Definitions:    R1-R4=independently selected from 1-18C alkyl, 1-18C alkoxy, Cy1, Cy1-(1-18C alkyl)-, Ar1, and Ar1-(1-18C alkyl)-, preferably C8H17;    R5 and R6=independently selected from 1-18C alkyl and -(C=O)R7, preferably C6H13; and    n=2-10000.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Flame retardant is cage-typed sesquialter siloxane, six-fold caged siloxane, eight-fold caged siloxane, ten-fold caged siloxane, and/or twelve-fold caged siloxane. Amount of flame retardant in fluorine-containing resin film is 1-3 wt.%. Curing agent is isocyanate, blocked isocyanate, or amino resin. Solvent is butyl acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and/or diacetone alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Fluorine-containing resin tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, or vinylidene fluoride-based polymer and ethylene acrylic resin mixture. Weight ratio of vinylidene fluoride-based polymer:ethylene acrylic resin is 25-30:70-75. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of flame retardant weatherproof layer is 20-30 mu m. Thickness of flame retardant adhesive flame layer is 5-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dispersant is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and other substances with a dispersion of polyacrylic acids.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen in the graphene-based material is pyridinic-nitrogen (N), pyrrolic-N and/or graphitic-N. The nitrogen-containing species is amine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conducting polymer consists of polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(phenylene vinylene), poly(phenylene sulfide), polydiphenylamine, polythienylenevinylene, bithiophene, polyethylenedioxythiophene, polytriazine, polyacetylene and/or their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkyl acrylate additive comprises a halogenated alkyl acrylate, where 1-31 hydrogen atoms of the alkyl acrylate additive are substituted with a halogen. The alkyl acrylate additive comprises a material comprising of n-butyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate and/or heptafluoro butyl acrylate. The alkyl acrylate additive is present in the electrolyte at a concentration of 1.25-2 wt.% based on the total weight of the electrolyte. The weight ratio of the alkyl acrylate additive to the polymerizable component is 1:2-1:10. The electrolyte has a viscosity of 4-30 cps. The fluoroethylene carbonate is present at a concentration of 1-20 wt.% based on the total weight of the electrolyte. The electrolyte is a gel electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymerizable component comprises a material including a multifunctional acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol)divinyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, hexanediol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol monoacrylate, caprolactone acrylate and/or a polyester polyol. The polymerizable component comprises a material comprising substituted 2-methyl-acrylic acid 2-carboxyamino-ethyl ester compounds of formula of formula (I).R1, R2 = optionally substituted 1-6C alkylene;EG = ethylene glycol;DEG = diethylene glycol;TMP = trimethylolpropane; and n = not defined. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The lithium secondary battery comprises solution of electrolyte in organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The SEI layer is formed by in-situ polymerization. The length of SEI layer is 5-10 nm. The polymer is substituted 1,3-dioxolan-2-one based polymer of formula (I).R = H (preferred), halo, OH, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl; andn = 2-1000.Preferred Method: The SEI layer is formed by covalently bonding the polymer on the cathode active material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The catalyst in the catalyst layer and the conductivity ionomer are mixed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hydrogen-releasing layer on the front side comprises aluminum, silicon, oxygen and hydrogen, or titanium, oxygen and hydrogen, or tantalum, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen-releasing dielectric layer on the rear side comprises silicon, oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen-releasing layer is capable of reducing the number of dangling bonds on the surface and in the bulk of the silicon substrate upon which the passivating layer is formed. The hydrogen-releasing layer is formed by polymerizing Si(OR1)4 and/or HSi(OR1)3, where R1 is an alkyl, preferably a linear or branched 1-8C alkyl, especially linear or branched 1-4C alkyl; is formed by polymerizing Ti(iOPr)4, HSi(OR1)3 and TiCl4 (for titanium oxide); is formed by polymerizing Ti(iOPr)5, HSi(OR1)3 and TaCl5 (for tantalum oxide); or is formed by polymerizing HSi(OR1)3 and Al(iOPr)3 (for aluminum oxide and silicon oxide hybrid).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: The bundle of tubular covers is connected to the adaptor at the open end with gluing material. The device further comprises sealing material. Adaptor is provided with a sealing valve. The valve is integral with the adaptor; or the valve is coupled to the adaptor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The gluing material is an epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal complex further comprises at least one counter-anion (X), where the counter-anion is selected from Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, NCO-, NCS-, NCSe-, amino groups, phosphate groups, (PF6)-, borates such as (BF4)-, tetracyanoborate ((B(CN)4)-), (B(Ph)4)-, (B(C6F5)4)-, bis(trifiuoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FST), and its combination, preferably TFSI-. The dye-sensitized solar cell further comprises titanium oxydifluoride (TiOF2) as semiconductor. Preferred Definitions:    La=selected from e.g. formula 5-8.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The metal oxide particles contain zinc, titanium, tin and/or tungsten. The thickness of layer (28) is 10-100 nm and the thickness of layer (30) is 10-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The surface of the substrate is maintained during the step at a distance of less than or equal to 10 cm, preferably 3-6 cm, from the outlet of the plasma torch. The substrate is maintained at the temperature of 1100-1200 degrees C. The temperature of the substrate in the step (ii) is obtained by heating with a heating unit separate such as resistive graphite heater, separate from the plasma torch. The silicon substrate is negatively biased during the step (ii) with a bias of -200 V to -10 V. The silicon layer is subjected to a subsequent step of extraction of impurities by phosphorus diffusion. Preferred Components: The substrate has metal impurities content of 50 ppb to 1 ppm (wt.). The substrate comprises more than 10 (preferably 10-50) ppm (wt.) of P-type dopants of boron, and more than 10 (preferably 10-50) ppm (wt.) of N type dopants of phosphorus. The substrate has a grain size of 20-100 mu m, preferably 1-10 mm and a thickness of 200-700 mu m, preferably 300-500 mu m. The plasma torch operates at a pressure of 50-400 mbar, preferably 150-300 mbar. A gas for creating plasma comprises argon, preferably a mixture of argon and hydrogen, where the hydrogen proportion in the mixture is 2-30 vol.%, preferably 5-20 vol.%. The silicon precursor comprises silane, polysilanes such as disilane and trisilane, halosilanes of formula (SiXnH4-n) including silicobromoform or trichlorosilane, and/or organosilanes such as trichloromethyl-silane or triethylsilane, preferably silane or trichlorosilane. The proportion of the precursor is 1-10 vol.%. A gas flow of the plasma torch is 0.1-10 L/minute, preferably 1-5 L/minutes. The silicon layer has a crystallite size of greater than or equal to 500 mu m, preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm, and a dislocation density of less than or equal to 105 /cm2, preferably less than 104 /cm2.X = Cl, Br or F; andn = less than or equal to 4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide particles have an average particle diameter of 5-150 nm, and are chosen from titanium oxide particles, zinc oxide particles, molybdenum oxide particles and nickel oxide particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is chosen from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol. The concentration of metal oxide particles and polymer in the solution is 1-30 %mass and 0.1-10 %mass, respectively. Preferred Process: During washing or immersion process, ultrasonification and/or carved-rocking process are performed. A photosensitizing dye is adsorbed with respect to the metal oxide film, when the polymer is removed using solvent containing photosensitizing dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The porous support component is made of stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst substance is electrode active material for oxygen reduction electrodes as positive electrode of polymer electrolyte fuel cell. The transition metal element is chosen from tantalum, niobium, titanium and zirconium. The transition metal element contains cerium, manganese, tungsten, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, chromium, molybdenum and iron. The peroxide decomposition catalyst has a catalytic activity which carries out catalytic cracking of peroxide rather than the catalyst substance. The peroxide decomposition catalyst contains transition metal element. Preferred Process: The carbonitride of transition metal element is partially oxidized in the atmosphere containing oxygen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The weight ratio of catalyst substance and primary polymer electrolyte, or carbon particle and primary polymer electrolyte is 1:0.01-1:30 or 1:0.1-1:20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic carbodiimide compound is of formula (I) or (II). The ketenimine compound is of formula: R1-C(-R2)=C=N-R3 (III), R7-C(=C=N-R9)-R8-R10-C(=C=N-R12)-R11 (IV) or (V). The aromatic polyester resin contains terephthalic acid and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid as dicarboxylic acid component, and mainly contains ethylene glycol as a diol component.R1,R5=alkyl, aryl or alkoxy;R2-R4,R6-R8=H, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy;or R1+R2,R2+R3,R3+R4,R5+R6,R6+R7,R7+R8=ring;X1,X2=single bond, -O-, -CO-, -S-, -SO2-, -NH-, or -CH2-;L1=bivalent coupling group;or R11,R15,R21,R25=alkyl, aryl or alkoxy;R12-R14,R16-R18,R22-R24,R26-R28=H, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy;or R11+R12,R12+R13,R13+R14,R15+R16,R16+R17,R17+R18,R21+R22,R22+R23,R23+R24,R25+R26,R26+R27,R27+R28=ring;X11,X12,X21,X22=single bond, -O-, -CO-, -S-, -SO2-, -NH-, or -CH2-;L2=tetravalent coupling group;R1,R2,R4,R7,R11=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl or aryloxy carbonyl;R3,R6,R9,R12=alkyl or aryl;R5=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, aryloxy, acyl or aryloxy carbonyl, and which is substituted by L1;n=1-4;L1=n valent coupling group;R8,R10=alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl or aryloxy, acyl or aryloxy carbonyl, and which is substituted by L2;andL2=single bond or divalent connecting group.Preferred Property: The molecular weight of portion except substituent bonded with nitrogen atom comprising the ketenimine of ketenimine compound, and nitrogen atom is 320 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aromatic polyester resin has intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.7-0.9 g/dl and acid value (AV) of 1-20 eq/tons. Preferred Component: The variation coefficient of thickness of layer with the largest film thickness is 1-10%. Preferred Definitions:    R2,R6=H;and    n=3 or 4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting organic material contains a fullerene compound comprising 70C derivative. The photovoltaic device further consists of an electron carrying layer comprising phenanthroline derivative, between negative electrode and organic-semiconductor layer. Preferred Definitions:    X=fluoro.    EXAMPLE - 5 g 1,3-Diacetyl benzene and 11.1 g 8-amino-7-quinoline carboaldehyde were dissolved in 180 ml ethanol under nitrogen atmosphere. Then 130 ml ethanol solution of 8.52 g potassium hydroxide was dripped, stirred and processed after 11 hours heat-refluxing and 11 g 2-(3-(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline was obtained. The photovoltaic device produced using the obtained compound with negative electrode of silver, had fill factor of 0.7, short circuit current density of 15.26 mA/cm2 and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 8.20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting organic material contains a fullerene compound comprising 70C derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation given. EXAMPLE - 64 mg of 1-(4,6-Dibromothieno(3,4-b)thien-2-yl)-2-ethylhexan-1-one and 136 mg of 4,8-bis-(5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-thiophen-2-yl)-2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-benzo(1,2-b,4,5-b')dithiophene were dissolved in 4 ml toluene and 1 ml of dimethylformamide, then 5 mg of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium was added and stirred at 100 degrees C in nitrogen atmosphere for 15 hours. Then, 15 mg of bromobenzene was added and stirred at 100 degrees C for 1 hour, and 40 mg of tributyl(2-thienyl)tin was added and stirred at 100 degrees C for further 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature after completion of stirring and poured into 100 ml of methanol. The deposited solid was filtrated and washed with methanol, water, and acetone in order, and further washed with acetone and hexane. Then dissolved in chloroform and passed in cerite and silica gel column, and the solvent was depressurizingly distilled. The residue was dissolved in chloroform, reprecipitated with methanol and 73 mg of 1-(6-(2,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-11-methyl-4,10-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,11-pentaen-5-yl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophen-2-yl)-2-ethylhexan-1-one with weight average molecular weight of 21000 and number average molecular weight of 11000 was obtained. The photovoltaic device produced using the obtained compound, had short circuit current density of element (weight ratio/donor acceptor) of 13.51 mA/cm2, fill factor of 0.59, open circuit voltage of 0.74V and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.90% in 1:1 solution, and short circuit current density of element of 15.02 mA/cm2, fill factor of 0.61, open circuit voltage of 0.74V and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.78% in 1:1.5 solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: High transparency PVC heat shrink film-forming composite includes 1.5-4 pts. wt. transparent modifier. Preferred Components: The transparent modifier is acrylic ester, paraffin or microcystalline wax, stearic acid and poly(methylphenylsiloxane) at distribution ratio of 5-2.5:0.1-0.5:0.1-10:0.1-1. PVC resin polymerization degree is 650-1300. Stabilizer is organic tin stabilizer. The plasticizer is phthalate ester, aliphatic dibasic acid esters, citric acid esters, epoxy acrylate, fatty acid esters and/or polyester plasticizers. The toughener is methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The lubricant is glycerol partial fatty acid esters, complex fatty acid esters, fatty acid alcohol ester or stearic acid amide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing rings are made of Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back sheet consists of polyester-based resin, polyolefin resin or polyphenylene-oxide resin. The back surface side sealing material comprises a polyethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor comprises titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 3,5-dihydro-imidazol-4-one compound (I) is of formula (III).Ar2=bivalent hydrocarbyl ring-containing group optionally having substituentl;Ar3=bivalent heterocyclyl optionally having substituent;R7=linear or branched 1-24C alkyl, 3-24C cycloalkyl, linear or branched 2-24C alkenyl, linear or branched 1-24C alkynyl, 6-24C aryl, or heterocyclyl (all optionally having substituent);or R7+Ar2=ring;m=1 or more;andm1,m2=0 or more, in which at least one being 1 or more. Preferred Definitions:    X=sulfur;    R2=H;and    n=1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Modifying agent may be added. Preferred Components: Copper salt is copper acetate, copper nitrate, copper sulfate, copper perchlorate, copper chloride, cuprous chloride, or cuprous cyanide. Zinc salt is zinc acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate, or zinc perchlorate. Tin salt is tin oxalate, stannous sulfate, stannous chloride, stannic chloride, tin acetate, or stannous acetate. Reducing agent is ascorbic acid, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, glucose, hydrazine hydrate, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, or glycine. Sulfur source is sulfur powder, potassium sulfide, sodium thiosulfate, thiourea, carbon disulfide, thioacetamide, alpha -benzoin oxime, ethanethiol. Modifying agent is surfactant and active agent to increase conductivity which is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its salts, citric acid and its salts, tartaric acid and its salts, malic acid and its salts, salicylic acid and its salts, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, (P123 (RTM:polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer, HO(CH2CH2O)20(CH2CH(CH2O)70(CH2CH2O)2OH)), F127) (RTM: forming species more polyether triblock, (HO(CH2CH2O)100(CH2CH(CH2O)70(CH2CH2O)100H)), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium oleate, oleylamine, hexadecyl amine, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene), or poly(styrene sulfonic acid)). Preferred Parameters: Particle size is not less than 100 nm; X-ray diffraction spectrum has no impurity peaks which is pure; lattice stripe is 3.1 Angstrom ; and corresponds to tetragonal phase Cu2ZnSnS4 (112).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic glass powder comprises bismuth trioxide, boron trioxide, silica, zinc oxide, alumina, antimony trioxide, barium oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide and calcium oxide. The organic carrier comprises organic solvent, thickening agent and auxiliary agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is selected from polyamide powder, modified hydrogenated castor oil, (L)-terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol and turpentine oil. The auxiliary agent is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and/or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate. The thickening agent is selected from ethyl cellulose and nitrate cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Base layer is bonded to fluorine-based film layer by single-sided or double-sided adhesive. Base layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer. Fluorine-based film layer is polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) film layer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film layer, PTFE film layer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (THV) film layer, or polytrifluorovinyl chloride film layer. Preferred Processes: Base layer is obtained by melt-blending liquid crystal polymer resin or modified polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resin or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) resin in which liquid crystal polymer content of resin or PBT or PEN resin is 5-30 wt.% and balance is PET resin. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of base layer is 10-500 mu m. Thickness of fluorine-based film layer is 1-50 mu m. Thickness of surface plasma-processed grafted copolymer layer is 0.05-5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The crosslinked ionic copolymer is derived from ionic and nonionic monomers consisting of: (meth)acrylates of polyethylene glycol (MPEG) of formula (CH2=C(R)-C(=O)-(O-CH2-CH2)m-O-CH3) (II); di(meth)acrylates of polyethylene glycol (DMPEG) of formula (CH2=C(R)-C(=O)-(O-CH2-CH2)n-O-C(=O)-C(R)=CH2) (III); and (meth)acrylate ionic liquids (LIM) of formula (IV)-(VII), where the mass ratio of MPEG:DMPEG:LIM is 1:2:6.R = H or CH3;m = 2-19;n = 1-17;R1 = -(CH2)n1-, -(C2H5O)2-C2H5- or -(C2H5O)10-;R2 = -(CH2)m1H-;R3 = -C2H5-O-CO-C2H5-S-CH2- or -C2H5-O-CO-C2H5-CO-O-C2H5-S-CH2-;R4 = -(CH2)pH;n1 = 2-11;m1 = 1-5;p = 1-5;R5 = -(CH2)3- or -C2H5-O-CO-C2H5-CO-O-(CH2)3-;R6 = -(CH2)kH, -CH2-O-CH3- or -C2H5-O-CH3;k = 1-4; andY- = SO2-C--(CN)2-, -SO2-N--CN or -SO2-N--SO2-CF3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent substrate is made of high molecular material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), propylene carbonate, polyethylene, PVC, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and cyclic olefin copolymer, glass, or graphene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Battery composition comprises positive electrode active material or negative electrode active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Battery composition contains solvent and binder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Processes: Component (A) with organic residue (1) is obtained by polymerizing monomer of formula (3) and resin monomer. Component (A) with organic residue (2) is obtained by polymerizing monomer of formula (4) and resin monomer.X1=arylene or alkylene optionally substituted by -P(O)(O-Y3)2 group;X2=aryl, alkyl, or H optionally substituted by -SO3-Y7, -COO-Y8, -O-Y10, or -NY11Y12;Y3, Y7, Y8, Y10=H ion, metal ion, or Y13-NH3+;Y11, Y12=alkyl;Y13=H or alkyl;X3, X4=NH or O;X5=O or S;Z1, Z2, Z3=NH or O;X6-X8=-NH- or O;L1=alkylene or formula asterisk-R1-(O-R1)p-asterisk;L2=NH or O;asterisk=bond region with L2 and X7 or L2 and X8;R1=alkylene; andp=1-20.Preferred Parameters: Weight average molecular weight of component (A) is 1000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Parameters: Film thickness of nickel-alloy layer provided on 1st layer is 10-40 nm. Film thickness of copper metal layer provided on 2nd layer is 80-200 nm. Film thickness of copper coating layer provided on 3rd layer is 2-20 mu m. Preferred Compositions: Nickel-alloy layer contains 5-30 wt.% chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The positive hole transport layer of at least one subcell comprises polytetrafluoroethylene derivative having sulfonic acid group. The positive hole transport layer of at least one subcell is polymer layer doped with metal complex or fluorine-substituted fullerene. The p-type semiconductor is a p-type polymer having structural unit of formula (I) and/or (II) in a molecule.X1-X2=F, Cl or Br;andy1-y2=S, O or N.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking adjuvant is a polyfunctional monomer having carbon-carbon double bond and/or an epoxy group. The content of crosslinking adjuvant in the sealing material composition is 0.05-1 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass resin component. The sealing material composition contains a crosslinking agent. The content of crosslinking agent is 0.4 part mass or less with respect to 100 parts mass resin component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material is flexible plastic i.e. polypropylene or polyethylene, and rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A polyethylene terephthalate film is formed on the transparent barrier layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first resist layer further comprises a filler including aluminum borate, aluminum oxide, aluminumtrihydroxide, anthracite, sodium antimonate, antimony pentoxide, antimony trioxide, apatite, attapulgite, barium metaborate, barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, barium titanate, bentonite, beryllium oxide, boron nitride, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, carbon black, clay, cristobalite, diatomaceous earth, dolomite, ferrites, feldspar, glass beads, graphite, hydrous calcium silicate, iron oxide, kaolin, lithopone, magnesium oxide, mica, molybdenum disulfide, perlite, polymeric fillers such as PTFE, polyethylene, polyimide, pumice, pyrophyllite, rubber particles, fumed silica, fused silica, precipitated silica, sepiolite, quartz, sand, slate flour, talc, titanium dioxide, vermiculite, wood flour, wollastonite, zeolithes, zinc borate, zinc oxide, zinc stannate, zinc sulfide, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, cellulose fibers, and/or glass fibers. The first metal or metal alloy layer is made of copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, tin, tin alloys, silver and silver alloys. The conductive seed layer is made of copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, cobalt, and cobalt alloy. The second metal or metal alloy layer is made of tin, tin alloys, and silver. The cap layer is made of azole and its derivatives, organophosphate compounds, organophosphonate compounds, tin, tin alloys, and silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first resist layer is made of acrylates, ethylene/ethylacrylate copolymer, ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene/butylacrylate copolymer, polymethylpentene, and polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The planar polymer substrate comprising an elastomeric thermoplastic polymer that is selected from styrenic block copolymers and polyester polyether copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The planar polymer substrate comprises of at least one elastomeric thermoplastic polymer. The elastomeric thermoplastic polymer is a polyester polyether copolymer, or styrenic block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing material further comprises nonionic surfactant, and 1-30 wt.% organic liquid substance.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The cyclic olefin polymer has ring structure in principal chain obtained by metathesis polymerization. Preferred Properties: The glass transition temperature of conjugated diene-type polymer is -30 degrees C or less. The heat-deformation temperature of cyclic olefin-type polymer is 80 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The floating structures are made of polymeric and/or elastomeric plastic or rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The photoinitiator contains phosphine oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer compound contains compound having ethylenically unsaturated groups. The acrylic resin contains 10 %mass or more structural unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid. Preferred Property: A hardened material of photosensitive resin composition with thickness of 20 mu m has light transmittance of 90% or more at wavelength of 450 nm, and haze value of 1% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The preparation contains aggregate selected from a group aluminum, aluminum oxide, steel, silicon carbide, glass or boron nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting material is fullerene or its derivative(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of ( pi )-electron conjugation block copolymer is 1000-500000 g/mol. Preferred Definitions:    a=group of formulae (i-v);    R1=H or 1-18C alkyl;    R2=1-18C alkyl;    R3=1-18C alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, or alkyloxycarbonyl;    R4=H, 1-18C alkyl, aryl, or halo;    R5=1-18C alkyl, aryl, alkylcarbonyl or alkyloxycarbonyl;    R6=H or halo;    V1=C(R2)2, Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2 or NR2;    b=group of formulae (vi-vii);    V2=NR2, O, S or Se;    V4=O or S;and    n=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conjugated polymer block comprises a monomeric unit containing at least 1 heterocyclic group chosen from thiophene ring in a portion of chemical structure, carbazole skeleton, and dibenzosilole skeleton, preferably thiophen ring in portion of chemical structure, more preferably cyclopenta dithiophene diyl group, dithieno pyrrole diyl group, dithienosilol diyl group, benzodithiophene diyl group, naphtho dithiophene diyl group, thienothiophene diyl group and thienopyrrole dione diyl group. The bivalent heterocyclic group containing condensed ( pi )-conjugation skeleton has side chain which is 3-20C alky group or alkoxy group chosen from alkyl group optionally having substituent, alkoxy group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, alkyl carbonyl group, and alkyloxycarbonyl group. The composition further contains fullerene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The amorphous polymer is obtained by polymerizing monomer containing alkyl (meth)acrylate. The film has melt-fracture structure or embossing structure on surface. Preferred Properties: The glass transition temperature of amorphous polymer is more than the glass transition temperature of polyvinyl acetal resin by 5 degrees C or more. The thickness of film is 0.38-2.28 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): The polysiloxane compound (I) is obtained by carrying out hydrosilylation reaction by introducing substituent Y' into siloxane compound of formula (a). Preferred Composition: The polysiloxane compound (I) is of formula (II). A hyperfine pattern is parallel lamella structure formed on the surface of to-be-processed component. EXAMPLE - 0.1 g Siloxane compound of formula (B) and (C) were dissolved in 1 ml chloroform, filtered with filter having hole diameter of 0.45 mu m, then chloroform in the filtrate was evaporated for two days in-air, dried with vacuum dryer, then the resultant product was immersed in liquid nitrogen and the resultant product was freezed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material protective layer further contains an adhesive resin, and is chosen from polyvinyl-type resin, polyolefin resin, urethane-type resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin and polyester-based resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal layer contains aluminum with thickness of 5-200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Back surface protective film is formed using heat-treated object of the film in which the white-colored colored resin layer contains crystalline resin and white-colored coloring agent. Crystalline resin is saturated-polyester resin and/or polyamide resin. Preferred Parameters: When light with wavelength of 800-1400 nm is radiated to the surface of the infrared-permeability colored resin layer, the reflectance with respect to this light is greater than or equal to 50%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The pipe includes a heating wire made of a material selected from a group consisting of platinum, nickel chromium alloy, iron chromium aluminum alloy and rare earth element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The application layer is obtained using the coating liquid comprising polyester resin and crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: Preferred Composition: The composite resin has hydroxyl value of 50 mg potassium hydroxide/g or less, and further comprises fluorine atom. Preferred Composition: The hardenable coating composition further comprises fluorine atom-containing reactivity compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyester film comprises 70 ppm or less elemental phosphorus. The contraction percentage of the biaxially-oriented film in longitudinal direction at 150 degrees C for 30 minutes is 0.8% or less. The polyester film contains application layer on both surfaces in which composition of the application layer differs.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The application layer (A) is formed on single surface side of the film using coating liquid comprising acrylic resin, epoxy compound and oxazoline compound, and crosslinking agent. The application layer (B) is formed on single surface side of the film using coating liquid comprising polyurethane having polycarbonate-type skeleton or polyether-type skeleton, and crosslinking agent, and contains ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer on other surface of the application layer. Preferred Composition: The polyester film contains fluorine polymer layer on surface of the application layer (A). The application layer comprises 20-90 wt.% acrylic resin, 10-80 wt.% epoxy compound and oxazoline compound and/or 5 wt.% or more epoxy compound and oxazoline compound. The total content of polyurethane and crosslinking agent in application layer (B) is 50 wt.%, and the weight ratio of crosslinking agent with respect to polyurethane is 10:90-90:10.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrochemically active material comprises semiconductor material selected from CdTe, CdSe, Si, GaAs, InP, CdS, Cu2S, SnS, Cu2ZnSnS4 and/or FeS. The semipermeable coating comprises chromium oxide and/or poly(methyl methacrylate). The electrochemically active material comprises dye sensitized TiO2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The polymer coating is doped by at least one dopant selected from styrene sulfonate, tetra methacrylate (TMA), perchlorate iodine and/or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinone (DDQ).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer coating comprises poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(4,4-dioctylcyclopentadithiophene) and/or metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The polyhydric alcohol or polyether polyol are polyethers derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, trimethylol propane, and/or pentaerythritol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The ion-conducting polymer electrolytic composition contains an acrylic acid-type monomer having unsaturated double bond, which is esterified using polyhydric alcohol of acrylic acid, or terminal hydroxyl group of polyether polyol with acrylic acid, and an additive. Preferred Property: The boiling point of the additive is 130 degrees C or less. Preferred Process: The X-ray irradiation of the ion-conducting polymer electrolytic composition is carried out for 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: A reactant (b) is further added to predecessor. A dispersing agent is further added during preparation of predecessor. Preferred Composition: The reactant (a) is lithium carbonate. The reactant (b) is ferric phosphate dihydrate. When the reactant (a) is used, then the battery composite material is lithium manganese phosphate or nanocrystalline metal oxide eutectiferous lithium manganese phosphate compound. When the reactant (b) is used, then the battery composite material is lithium ferric manganese phosphate (LiMnxFe1-xPO4, where x is more than 0) or nanocrystalline metal oxide eutectiferous lithium ferric manganese phosphate compound. The weight ratio of phosphoric acid and manganese carbonate is 1:1. The content of water, phosphoric acid and manganese carbonate is 3.2 l, 462.7 g and 460 g, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The dispersing agent is polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The method utilizes conductive substrate selected from fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass, indium tin oxide conductive glass or flexible conductive substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The method utilizes polyol selected from diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or triethanolamine, and thin film comprising europium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystalline, ethyl cellulose and terpilenol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: Floating aquatic plant is water spinach, cress, iris, Zizania, lotus, and/or wild rice. Submerged aquatic plant is eelgrass, hornwort, fox tail, and/or Hydrilla.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Wire is titanium or copper wire. Metal tray is stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Electrically conductive material is activated carbon felt, stainless steel mesh, carbon cloth, and/or graphite felt. Conductive material contains 4 cm round holes for fixing floating aquatic plants.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Lightweight mesh is polyamide chemical synthetic fiber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicone is polyether-modified silicone or amino-substituted silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A gripping arm of a holding portion is provided with a rubber pad.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is chosen from titanium oxide, scandium oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, lanthanide oxide, tungsten oxide, iridium oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide and aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dye is chosen from ruthenium-based dye, xanthene dye, cyanine-type dye, porphyrin-based dye and anthraquinone dye. The interactive adsorbent is chosen from 25 acids e.g. 4-(4-vinyl phenyl) butyric acid, 4-(4-vinyl phenoxy)-propionic acid, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, 6-oxylenyl-hexanoic acid and 8-oxylenyl-octanoic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The membranous polymer thin film is combined with interactive adsorbent and metal oxide semiconductor nanoparticles. Preferred Composition: The membranous polymer thin film is cross-linked polyacrylo-nitrile thin film. The solid phase electrolyte contains network polymer and liquid electrolyte. The network polymer is chosen from cross-linked polyethylene glycol, cross-linked polyacrylate, cross-linked poly acrylonitrile and cross-linked polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Conditions: Sintering temperature is raised from 10 degrees C to 400-700 degrees C for 1 hour and 20 minutes and then raised to 600-900 degrees C for 1 hour and 20 minutes. Preferred Components: Carbon material is selected from citric acid, sucrose, glucose, carbon black, starch or their mixture. Lithium material is selected from lithium hydroxide, lithium dihydrogen phosphate or lithium carbonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (0.2-2 wt.%) is utilized in ceramic grinding.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene comprising structure comprises pristine graphene, chemically derived graphene, reduced graphene oxide or graphene oxide, which are in a form of nanosheets.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conjugated nonpolymeric or non-oligomeric material comprises a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a heterocyclic macrocycle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The conjugated polymer comprises poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and the graphene comprising structure comprises reduced graphene oxide (RGO) monolayers, where the P3HT forms nanowires that grow from the RGO monolayers, and connect respective ones of the RGO monolayers after the evaporating step.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The active material includes silicon (Si) and/or tin (Sn) as constituent elements.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The back surface protective film is formed by heat treating substance of film in which resin layer (II) contains crystalline resin and white-colored coloring agent. When light having wavelength of 800-1400 nm is radiated to surface of the infrared-permeability colored resin layer in the protective film, the reflectance of film with respect to the light is 50% or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crystalline resin is saturated polyester resin and/or polyamide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sealing resin layer contains 70 %mass or more xylene soluble material, measured based on ASTM2765-95.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The sealing resin layer is formed on the resin sheet by extrusion laminating method or hot-laminating method. During manufacture of integration sheet, the sealing resin layer is extruded from extruder in direction orthogonal to flow direction of integration sheet. When the integration sheet is installed on substrate, the height of the curvature produced on sealing resin layer side is 1/7 or less of length of horizontal direction of the integration sheet, from substrate. Preferred Property: The thickness of the sealing resin layer is 30-1000 mu m. Preferred Composition: The sealing resin layer contains polyolefin resin as main component. The resin sheet in the integration sheet, which is a back sheet, forms the back surface side solar cell module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The lug connection is formed of gold plated aluminum, brass or copper. The finger spring contacts are formed of gold plated beryllium copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cover is made of anti-corrosive elastic soft gel material i.e. silica gel material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The tube is made from plastic, polyolefin, polyethylene or polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The molar doping ratio of doping agent to matrix molecule or the doping ratio of doping agent to monomeric units of a polymeric matrix molecule is 1:1-1:100000. EXAMPLE - 4.75 g of Bis(4-oxo-(3,5-di-t-butyl)-2,5-cyclohexadienyl)-cyclopropenone, 3.5 g of 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylene)-indane, and 60 mg of p-alanine were dissolved in 12 ml of acetic anhydride and heated on the reflux under stirring to obtain a reaction mixture. The mixture was compounded with 60 ml of toluene, and the reddish-brown crystalline solid was removed by suction. The mixture was subsequently washed with benzene/toluene and recrystallized to obtain 4.6 g of 1,3-bis(dicyanomethylene)indane-2-ylidene-bis(4-oxo-(3,5-di-tert-butyl)-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene)-cyclopropane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive filler is graphite, carbon nanotube, vapor-grown carbon fiber, Ketjen (Rtm: carbon black) and carbon fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin is thermoplastic resin or thermosetting resin. The macromolecular binder is polyvinyl butyral. The solvent is toluene or ethanol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first electrode layer comprises a transparent conductive layer containing indium tin oxide, gallium indium tin oxide, zinc indium tin oxide, and/or thin gold. The photovoltaically-active layer comprises amorphous silicon. The second electrode layer comprises gold, silver, aluminum, and/or copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The light transmissive layer comprises polymethylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal current collector is coated with acid-resistant conductive material such as graphite-plastic composite, non-permeability graphite plate, graphite foil, gold and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-accepting material is fullerene or its derivative(s).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer block (A) contains monomeric unit having 6-18C linear alkyl group or a linear alkoxy group. The polymer block (B) contains monomeric unit having branched or cyclic 3-18C alkyl group, branched or cyclic alkoxy group, or heteroaryl group. The polymer block (A) and/or polymer block (B) has monomeric unit substituted by fluoro. The polymer block (A) and/or polymer block B has random copolymer containing monomer unit (I) with condensed heterocyclic skeleton. Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of ( pi )-electron conjugation block copolymer is 1000-500000 g/mol. Preferred Definitions:    a=group of formulae (i-v);    R1=H or 1-18C alkyl;    R2=1-18C alkyl;    R3=1-18C alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylcarbonyl, or alkyloxycarbonyl;    R4=H, 1-18C alkyl, aryl, or halo;    V1=C(R2)2, Si(R2)2, Si(R2)2-Si(R2)2, Ge(R2)2 or NR2;    b=group of formulae (vi-vii);    V2=NR2, O, S or Se;    V4=O or S;    R5=1-18C alkyl, aryl, or alkoxycarbonyl;    R6=H or halo;and    p=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The thickness of the amorphous polymer layer is 3-30 nm. The film forming agent is chosen from cyclic unsaturated sulfone compound, carbonate, cyclic disulfonate and chain-shaped disulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is formed of polymer having cationically polymerizable functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): No general preparation given. Preferred Properties: The polyimide has linear thermal expansion coefficient is 50 ppm/K or less at 50-200 degrees C, and 5 wt.% reduction temperature exceeds 480 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The content of repeating unit (I) is 50 mol% or more, preferably 70 mol% or more. EXAMPLE - 2.27 g 4,4-diaminobenzanilide was provided to reactor comprising nitrogen gas. N,N-dimethylacetamide was added, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. 3.02 g 8C-dimethano naphthalene-2C,3C,6C,7C-tetracarboxylic dianhydride was added to the solution, and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, to obtain viscous polyimide precursor solution having logarithmic viscosity of 0.4 dl/g. The obtained polyimide precursor solution was filtered using a membrane filter and coated on a glass substrate, heated from room temperature to 430 degrees C, and imidated thermally, to obtain polyimide film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The separation tool is formed from a material having low friction coefficient such as PTFE.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The zone includes silicon nitride, and silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conducting material includes silver, copper, nickel, tin or an alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The zone includes organic resin such as photosensitive resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The ultraviolet absorber has melting point of 40 degrees C or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The solubility parameter (SP value) of polyethylene-type resin is 7.8-8.2 (cal/cm3)1/2. Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin is ethylene-( alpha )-olefin copolymer. The sealing resin layer comprises 70 %mass or more xylene soluble component measured based on ASTM 2765-95.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Total amount of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium iodide and quat. phosphonium iodide is 1-10 moles with respect to 1 mole of iodine. The 1,3-dialkylimidazolium iodide is 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodie and/or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide. The quat. phosphonium iodide is tetra-n-butylphosphonium iodide and/or tri-n-butylmethylphosphonium iodide. Electrolyte solution contains substance that improves short circuit current density in which substance is lithium iodide and/or guanidine thiocyanate. Amount of substance that improves short circuit current density is 1-5 moles with respect to 1 mole of iodine. Electrolyte solution contains alkali, such as 4-tert.-butyl pyridine and/or n-alkylbenzimidazole. Amount of alkali is 5-15 moles with respect to 1 mole of iodine. Electrolyte solution contains solvent, such as nitrile compound, lactone compound, carbonate compound, lactam compound, urea compound, urethane compound, ether, alcohol, sulfone, imidazolium-type ionic liquid, ammonium-type ionic liquid, and/or phosphonium-type ionic liquid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The positive electrode material comprises metal ions and counter-ions, such as LiFePO4, and further carbon black, and/or carbon nano tubes, and particles with diameter of 10-9 to 10-5 m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The positive electrode material comprises polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating film is made of poly propylene resin or thermosetting resin selected from a group consisting of melanin resin, phenol resin, urea resin, epoxy resin or polyurethane. The electrode lead is made of monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The passivation-layer-forming composition further contains aluminum complex compound of formula (II), fluid medium and resin. The total content of fluid medium and the resin is 5-98 %mass. The total content of compounds (I) or (II) is 0.1-80 %mass.R2=1-8C alkyl;n=0-3;X2,X3=oxygen atom or methylene;andR3-R5=H or 1-8C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Amount of polyester resin is 10-30%. Polyester resin is polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate or polyurethane elastomer. Adhesive layer is polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-ethyl acetate copolymer, ethylene -butyl acrylate copolymer or ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of bonding layer is 5-60 mu m. Thickness of adhesive layer is 10-30 mu m. Thickness of base layer is 40-350 mu m, preferably 100-250 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The sulfonated-modified graphene oxide (I) is prepared by preparing polybenzimidazole solution using solvent, adding sulfonated-modified oxidized graphite ketone into the solution, mixing, dispersing, pouring mixed solution to bottom of axial slot of glass at 80 degrees C, cooling to room temperature, washing using deionized water, and self-breaking off. Preferred Composition: The content of sulfonated-modified oxidized graphite ketone is 5-25 %mass. The solvent is N-methyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethyl formamide and/or polar solvent. The polybenzimidazole is of formula (II) or (III). Preferred Process: The mixing and dispersing process is carried out by ultrasonic dispersing process for 30 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dye is N719 or N3 dye.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium source is lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium formate, citrate, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium hydroxide, lithium tertiary butyl alcohol, lithium benzoic acid, lithium oxalate and/or lithium sulfate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The surfactant is alcohol, glycol, diethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The primary positive electrode active material contains cobalt-lithium oxide or complex oxide of lithium, cobalt and element chosen from aluminum, magnesium, chromium, manganese, zirconium and nickel. The secondary positive electrode active material contains lithium-nickel oxide, lithium-manganese oxide, complex oxide of lithium, cobalt, nickel and element chosen from aluminum, magnesium, chromium and manganese and complex oxide of lithium, nickel and manganese. The battery has conductive layer containing ion conductive material chosen from aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, lithium phosphate, lithium titanate and lithium silicate, and electroconductive material chosen from carbon nanotube, conductive carbon, carbon fiber, graphite, acetylene black and metal fiber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The battery has conductive layer containing polymer chosen from polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylate, polyvinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene, carboxy methyl cellulose, polyacrylonitrile, poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinyl acrylate, polyimide, polyamide-imide and their derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The air bag main body is made of rubber or nylon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The colloid in the colloid stabilizer is selected from one of polyvinyl alcohol, dextrin, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Parameters: CaO/SiO2 is 1.01-3 or (CaO + MgO)/SiO2 is 1.01-3. Preferred Components: Flux is limestone, dolomite, silica, and/or alumina. Mixed waste containing copper, cobalt, and nickel is copper, cobalt, and/or nickel smelting bath. Waste lithium ion battery is scrap steel shell lithium-ion battery, scrap aluminum shell lithium-ion battery, and/or scrap polymer lithium-ion battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat insulating layer is made of stainless steel or aluminum plate and thermoplastic engineering plastic.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fireproof heat insulating bottom plate is made of foam polyurethane plate or phenolic aldehyde foaming plate. The adhesive is made of epoxy resin glue or phenolic aldehyde resin. The solar panel layer is composed of multiple chunk solar panel, single crystal silicon solar panel, and polycrystalline silicon solar panel. The inner layer of insulating layer is made of polyurethane foam or phenolic foam insulating layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the method, for a given predefined minimum strength requirement of the porous article and a given process parameter window of the consolidating of step (b) which influences the strength of the porous article, and expanding the processing parameter window while still maintaining the predefined minimum strength requirement by selecting the loose resin particles in step (a) to be within a predefined particle size distribution. The method includes: carbonizing the resin of the consolidated article to transform the porous article into a porous carbon article; treating the porous article to apply a hydrophilic coating through the porosity; and selecting the loose resin particles in step (a) to be within the predefined particle size distribution to control a physical property of the porous carbon article. Preferred Components: The predefined particle size distribution includes 95 vol.% of the loose resin particles being less than 22 mu m in average diameter. The processing parameter window is: the molding temperature; the molding pressure; and density of the porous article. The blended powder material comprises a composition consisting of 65-95 wt.% of the loose electrically conductive particles and a balance of the loose resin particles, where the loose electrically conductive particles are graphite particles. The loose resin particles are: thermosetting resin particles; and phenolic particles. The carbonizing includes thermally decomposing the resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The sustained-release ophthalmic lens comprises hydrophilic material having tensile elasticity modulus of 1.5 Mpa or less. The monomer is 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate having molar fraction of 0.5 or more. The support comprises medicine in ratio of 1-30 mu g. The polymer comprises monomer chosen from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and/or ethyl methacrylate. ACTIVITY - Antiallergic; Ophthalmological. No biological data given.    MECHANISM OF ACTION - None given.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The size of pores of coating layer is set such that carbon monoxide concentration is reduced. The diffusion rate of carbon monoxide inside the pore is less than the methanation rate of carbon monoxide in the surface of metal catalyst. The coating layer contains nickel and modification metal chosen from copper, magnesium and/or iron, preferably iron. The atomic ratio of modification metal and nickel is 0.01-1. The pores are oriented along vertical direction with respect to the surface of metal catalyst. The pores have diameter of 0.5-100 nm. The coating layer has thickness of 5-200 nm. The coating layer contains mesoporous silica having addition metal chosen from titanium, lanthanum and zirconium. The atomic ratio of addition metal and silicon is 0.001-3. The support of metal catalyst contains aluminum oxide and vanadium oxide, and active metal having nickel and/or vanadium. The metal catalyst is coated on a honeycomb base material. Baking is preferably carried out at 450-650 degrees C. Water is aqueous ammonia having concentration of 0.05-10 %mass. Alkyl trimethylammonium salt is mixed initially, and alkoxide solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate is then mixed. The alkoxide solution contains titanium isopropoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): The polyimide is obtained by cyclodehydrating a polyimide precursor having benzoxazole-containing repeating unit (II). Preferred Properties: The heat-resistant thin film has thickness of 1-100 mu m, linear thermal expansion coefficient of 15 ppm/K or less, glass transition temperature of 370 degrees C or more in nitrogen atmosphere, 5% weight loss temperature of 570 degrees C or more and break elongation of 20% or more. The polyimide precursor has intrinsic viscosity of 0.3 dL/g or more. Preferred Definitions:    X1=tetravalent group of formula (II-IV).    EXAMPLE - 5 mmol Benzoxazole group-containing diamine was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone, dehydrated at 50 degrees C and cooled to room temperature. 5 mmol 2,3,6,7'-Naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride powder was added to obtained solution, stirred at room temperature for 72 hours, and polyimide precursor solution was obtained. The polyimide precursor solution was coated to glass substrate, dried at 80 degrees C in hot air dryer for 3 hours, and polyimide precursor film was produced. The polyimide precursor film was superheated at 350 degrees C under vacuum for 1 hour, heat imidated and residual stress was removed. The obtained polyimide precursor film was peeled off from substrate and heat processed at 400 degrees C under vacuum for 1 hour. A flexible polyimide film with film thickness of 20 mu m was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of repeating unit (X) and repeating unit (Y) contained in the polyimide precursor are 70 mol% or more with respect to 100 mol% of total amount of repeating units.B=bivalent group excluding amino group from aromatic diamine or aliphatic diamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Solid electrolyte and composition contain lithium salt e.g. lithium sulfonimide salt, lithium salt of organic acid, and/or lithium salt of inorganic acid. Solid electrolyte is thin film-like solid electrolyte.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Composition contains organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Hyperbranched polymer is obtained by reacting hyperbranched polymer of formula (3) and ethylene oxide of formula (4) in the presence of acidic catalyst.l'=l;R2''=R2 or R2';X, X'=halo; andk=1-40. Preferred Definitions:    n, m=2-7;    Y1-Y4=H, Me, or OMe;    A2=methylene, ethylene, or n-propylene; and    R2, R2'=H, Me, or Ph.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound (1) is specifically disclosed, e.g. compound of formula (8).    EXAMPLE - Sulfuryl chloride (1.28 kg) and chloroform (2.35 kg) were mixed in 20 L reaction container, solution was cooled to 0 degrees C under nitrogen stream, hyperbranched polystyrene (HPS) (700 g) and chloroform (7 kg) were mixed in 10 L another reaction container under nitrogen stream, sulfuryl chloride-chloroform solution was cooled at greater than or equal to 0 degrees C under nitrogen stream, HPS-chloroform solution transferred to 3 L separatory funnel was added to sulfuryl chloride-chloroform solution for greater than or equal to 60 minutes, reaction solution was stirred, solution containing cyclohexene (0.78 kg) and chloroform (2.35 kg) was added to reaction liquid, reaction liquid was added to isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (46.7 kg), and polymer was precipitated. White powder obtained by filtration of polymer was washed by IPA (5.25 kg) and vacuum-dried at 40 degrees C, and hyperbranched polymer (399 g) with chlorine atom in terminal part was obtained as white powder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layered clay mineral is chosen from talc, pyrophyllite, serpentine and kaolin, preferably talc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The radical polymerization initiator has a silane compound of formula: X2-Si(-X1)(-X3)-R2 (II). A nitroxide-type or azo polymerization initiator is used as radical polymerization initiator.R2=1-25C alkyl, 2-25C alkenyl, 5-8C cycloalkyl or 6-12C aryl (all optionally substituted by 1-18C alkyl, phenyl or cyano and optionally interrupted by oxygen, carbonyl, ester, phenylene, amide or imino).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyacrylic acid ester resin and/or polymethacrylic acid ester resin is chosen from polymethylacrylate, polyethylacrylate, polybutylacrylate, polyisobutylacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate and polyisobutyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reflective layer is made of silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The fibers are natural fibers or synthetic fibers. The tape is optionally woven with fibers of cotton, polyester, polyamide or nylon, glass fibers and metal fibers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The pre-gel composition comprises 50-75 wt.% first monomer, 20-30 wt.% second monomer and 2-20 wt.% third monomer. The polymer electrolyte composition comprises 1-10 wt.% pre-gel composition. Preferred Components: The weight ratio of the first monomer to the third monomer is 1:0.1 to 1:0.3. Preferred Definitions:    R2=H;    B'=isocyanurate or cyanurate.    EXAMPLE - A polymer electrolyte composition comprising: 5 wt.% pre-gel composition including 67.5 wt.% first monomer, 25 wt.% second monomer and 7.5 wt.% third monomer; and 95 wt.% liquid type electrolyte solution was prepared.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first oxide layer is formed of transparent conductive oxide (TCO), and the second oxide layer is formed of indium tin oxide (ITO).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The battery has an electrical connector. Preferred Method: The positioning step includes forming a coating of the mixture at least on the electrical connector, and forming the coating of the mixture on at least a portion of the battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated composition has a low enough molecular weight such that a semi-solid mixture is formed when the fluorinated composition is mixed with the solid fluoropolymer. The fluorinated composition is fluoropolyether. The fluorinated composition by itself is in the liquid state at temperatures up to at least 40 degrees C. Preferred Components: The mixture is a semi-solid mixture. The destabilizable fluoropolymer contains thermally unstable moieties. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter of Pt particle is less than or equal to 15 nm and of ceramic particle is less than or equal to 200 nm. Pt particle is currently carried by inner wall and outer wall of microtube in ratio of 1-40 mass%. Mean outside diameter of microtube is 200-700 nm and mean bore diameter is 40-600 nm. Microtube is porous structure. Ceramic particle is a tin oxide particle. Temperature increase rate in 1st baking process is 5-20 degrees C/minute. Internal diameter of nozzle is 0.2-1.2 mm. Preferred Components: Mass ratio of ceramic and platinum is 60:40-99:1. Ceramic source contains halide, nitrate, sulfate, acetate and oxalate of tin. Preferred Process: Spinning raw material liquid is ejected from nozzle by electrospinning process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The materials of the lateral support portion and vertical support portion are selected from PVC, aluminum and aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic binder is glass powder comprising bismuth oxide-silica-zinc oxide system or bismuth oxide-silica-bismuth oxide system with softening point at 480-530 degrees C and median particle diameter of 0.01-1 mu m. The conductive metal layer is electroplated silver layer with thickness of 10-15 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The coating is carried out through screen printing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier comprises organic solvent, thickening agent, and auxiliary agent. The organic solvent is terpineol, dibutyl phthalate, butyl carbitol, turpentine, carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol butyl ether, and/or ethylene glycol ether acetate. The auxiliary agent is polyamide powder, modified hydrogenated castor oil, cetyl alcohol, and/or stearyl alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thickening agent is ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, and/or adhesive resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Alkali is sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The smooth surface sheet comprises front side silver or aluminum coating protected with thin silicon dioxide coating and is supported on a supporting metal sheet for strength. The heat storage unit includes inert gases such as argon or helium to reduce chances of oxidation of the pipes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The system also has a small heat storage unit made of solid cylinder of iron or mild steel, as well as an iron or steel core.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Each reflector dish comprises a composite sheet having a thin smooth surface of polymer or other material. A housing for enclosing the entire primary loop is made from plastic polymer e.g. acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, or Teflon (RTM: polytetrafluoroethylene).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - A cleaning material for the dish assembly comprises micro-fiber cloth.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plywood which is made of expanded polystyrene plate is formed between solar cell and corrugated galvanized steel plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A metal or nonferrous metal is provided at surface(s) of heat insulation construction building material and storage battery heat insulating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The uncharged polysaccharide comprises cellulose. The charged polysaccharide comprises carboxylated polysaccharides and/or sulfated polysaccharides. The polysaccharides are chosen from cellulose derivatives. The additive is in the form of concentrated solution, tablet or capsule. The cellulose derivative comprises carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose. The additive further comprises salts of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. The charged polysaccharide contains 50 wt.% or more, preferably 80-90 wt.% polysaccharides. The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal contains 50 wt.% or less polysaccharides. The electrolyte comprises uncharged cellulose derivative(s), and carboxylated or sulfated polysaccharide(s). Preferred Properties: The concentrations of polysaccharides in additive are 0.01-0.07%. The additive has conductivity of 0.5-10 mS/cm and viscosity of 5-100 cP, when diluted with water to a concentration of 1% or more. The average charge density of additive is preferably 0.1-0.9. The average polymerization degree of polysaccharides is 200-1000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method: providing the patterned deposition inhibiting material layer on the substrate includes using at least one of an inkjet printing process, a flexographic printing process, a gravure printing process, and a photolithographic printing process; treating the first inorganic thin film dielectric material layer after its deposition includes subjecting the first inorganic thin film dielectric material layer to a plasma process which is an oxygen plasma process, and subjecting the first inorganic thin film dielectric material layer to an etching process and to a wet cleaning process; and treating the first inorganic thin film dielectric material layer after its deposition modifies a chemical composition of at least a portion of an interface region between the first and second inorganic thin film dielectric material layers. Preferred Components: The first inorganic thin film dielectric material layer and the second inorganic thin film dielectric material layer have the same material composition and the same thickness. The substrate includes many material layers. The deposition inhibiting material layer includes at least one of self assembled monolayer, a polymer or a water soluble polymer. At least one of the first inorganic thin film dielectric material layer and the second inorganic thin film dielectric material layer include aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, tantalum pentoxide or silicon nitride (SixNy) material, where x and y are not defined. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adherent foil is made from polyethylene or soft PVC.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoparticles have a diameter of greater than or equal to 1 nm. The interparticle distance (edge to edge) is less than or equal to 11 nm. The metal nanoparticles are made of material comprising platinum or the group of platinum alloys including all alloys of platinum with chromium, titanium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, ruthenium, rhodium, lead, silver, indium, tin, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, yttrium, scandium, lanthanum or gold. The conductive support is carbon, platinum, titanium, vanadium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, ruthenium, rhodium, lead, silver, indium, tin, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, gold, or their oxides or carbides. The metal nanoparticles are made of platinum and the conductive support is made of carbon and the platinum loading is 50-90 wt% platinum nanoparticles based on the total weight of the catalyst material. The metal nanoparticles are made of platinum alloys and the conductive support is made of carbon and the platinum alloy loading is 50-70 wt.% platinum alloy nanoparticles based on the total weight of the catalyst material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The contact bonding layer (1) contains polycarbonate-type polyurethane adhesive as an adhesive agent. Preferred Material: The base material is a polyester film. Preferred Properties: The thickness of contact bonding layer (1) is 4-12 mu m. The water vapor transmission rate of moisture proof film is less than 0.1 g/m2.day, at 40 degrees C and relative humidity of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The SMA seal retaining element is made of alloy selected from a group consisting of zinc, copper, gold, aluminum, nickel, titanium and iron. The exhaust nozzle is made of steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The exhaust nozzle assembly comprises an O-ring that is made of ethylene propylene diene monomer, fluoroelastomers, silicones, fluorosilicones or perfluoroelastomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The high molecular polymer is polyvinyl acetal resin, polyamide resin and ethyl cellulose. The organic solvent is terpilenol, butylcarbitol and lecithin at a ratio of 3:2-1. The auxiliary agent is highly doped additive and corrosion resistant additive. The N-type highly doped additive is silicon aluminum-boron ternary alloy. The silicon aluminum-boron ternary alloy comprises 0.5-3 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 75-85 pts. wt. aluminum and 10-20 pts. wt. boron. The corrosion-resistant additive is vanadium pentoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The byproduct oxygen capture additive is chosen from aluminum, nickel, magnesium, and cobalt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alcohol-containing material is chosen from methanol, ethanol, liquor, and glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The encapsulation method involves dispersing barium oxide nanoparticles in curable epoxy resin composition containing epoxy resin to encapsulate the device such as inorganic electroluminescent device, organic electroluminescent device, organic thin film transistor and organic solar cell. A ceramic coating, is further formed on the encapsulation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first semiconductor layer is formed with the n-type amorphous silicon. The second semiconductor layer is formed with p-type amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The gold nanoparticles are introduced into organic solvent. Preferred Property: The gold nanoparticles have sea urchin structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The strong base compound is a salt with base, alkali metal ion or alkaline-earth metal ion with pKa of conjugate acid of 11 or more, preferably hydroxide or alkoxide of an alkali metal, or hydroxide or alkoxide of alkaline-earth metal. The catalyst is chosen from weakly basic compound, phase transfer catalysis, ion exchange resin, and compounds or oxides of metal chosen from tin, titanium, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium and zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Alternately carbonate compound is manufactured by preparing a reaction mixture containing oxygen-containing compound of formula (IV) or (V), and oxygen-containing compound (IV) or (V) is decomposed by contacting the reaction mixture with strong base compound. The reaction mixture is contacted with strong base compound in presence of alcohol. The oxygen-containing compound (I) and hydroxyl group-containing compound (II) or (III) are reacted in presence of catalyst.x=0-2.Preferred Composition: The total content of oxygen-containing compound (IV) and (V) is 5 ppm or less with respect to total amount of carbonate compound. Preferred Definitions:    R1=1-10C monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbyl;and    R2=1-10C bivalent aliphatic hydrocarbyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Conjugated polymer is prepared by performing copolymerization reaction with compounds of formulae (V) and (VI) under catalyst to obtain polymer (I) in which catalyst is (1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)dichloronickel (II), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (O), (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)dichloronickel (II), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium (O), palladium chloride, or palladium acetate.Y=boric acid, boric acid ester, zinc halide, trialkyltin, I, Br, or Cl; andX'=Ur, Cl, boric acid, boric acid ester, zinc halide, or dioxane tin in which boric acid is 3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxaborolan-2-yl, and 5,5-dimethyl-2-dioxaborolan-2-yl, magnesium halide is magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, and magnesium iodide, zinc halide is zinc chloride or zinc bromide; and dialkyl tin is dimethyl tin, dibutyl tin, and diethyl tin.Preferred Components: Ar1 and Ar2 are represented by formulae (1)-(42) in which Ar1, D, and R1 are single bond linked, and Ar2, D, and R2 are single bond linked. Compound A is represented by formulae (43)-(78)R=H, 1-20C alkyl, 1-20C alkoxy, ester, sulfone, or fluoroalkyl. Preferred Definitions:    A=N, S, Se, 1-6 monocyclic heteroatoms, bicyclic or tricyclic hetero arylene which is optionally substituted phenyl, alkyl, or nitro, 2 adjacent carbon atoms to form substituted ethylene, S-containing heteroaryl, monocyclic arylene, arylene or heteroaryl fused ring arylene radical, compound containing 1-4N atoms, and hetero arylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicides and oxides comprise metallic silicides or non-metallic silicides including carbon-containing silicides and nitrogen-containing silicides, titanium silicide (TiSi2, Ti5Si3), nickel silicide, iron silicides (FeSi2, FeSi), thallium silicide , boron silicide (silicon tetraboride), cobalt silicide, platinum silicide, manganese silicide, titanium carbon silicide, carbon silicide/poly-carbon silicide or silicon/poly- silicon carbide, nitride bonded silicon carbide, iridium silicide, nitrogen silicide or silicon nitride (SiNx, N4Si3 ), zirconium silicide, tantalum, vanadium silicide or chromium silicide and compounds, which contain silicon (RySix) , where Ry is an organic, metallic, organometallic or inorganic group, Si is silicon atom having an opposite elemental silicon increased charge density and X is greater than 0.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The material of the backboard is made of glass or resin panel. The bonding portion is made of white ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film and transparent ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer film. The glue film is composed of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the secondary battery, during shrinkage of the insulation member, the insulation member shrinks: in a first direction, a second direction, a third direction and a fourth direction, which are centrally directed to the insulation member, where shrinkage rates for the first direction and the second direction are higher than those for the third direction and the fourth direction, the first direction and the second direction are opposite to each other, the third direction and the fourth direction are opposite to each other, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to the third direction and the fourth direction; and preferably in the first direction and the second direction to have a reduced planar area by at least 90% based on a total planar area of the insulation member and shrinks in the third direction and the fourth direction to have a reduced planar area by at least 10% based on the total planar area of the insulation member. The insulation member further comprises an upper insulation member (140) and a lower insulation member (150) interposed between the electrode assembly and a bottom part of the can, where the lower insulation member made of or includes a heat shrinkable material and shrinks by heat in a predetermined temperature range to have a reduced planar area by 10-90%. The insulation member has a thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm. The insulation member is melted in a temperature of 145-152 degrees C to then shrink. The insulation member shrinks by heat in a predetermined temperature range to have a reduced planar area by 10-90%. The secondary battery is a cylindrical secondary battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The insulation member or the lower insulation member includes at least one of a polyethylene terephthalate heat shrinkable film, a polypropylene heat shrinkable film, and an oriented polystyrene heat shrinkable film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition (A) contains ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer. The resin composition (B) contains ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer and polyethylene. The mass ratio of ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer with respect to polyethylene in resin composition (B) is 8:2-3:7. The ethylene-polarity monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer. Preferred Properties: The resin composition (B) has viscosity of 10000-100000 Pa.second at 80 degrees C, and 10000-50000 Pa.second at 100 degrees C. The difference of viscosity of resin composition (B) and resin composition (A) is 10000 Pa.second or more at 80 degrees C. The difference of viscosity of resin composition (B) and resin composition (A) is 3000 Pa.second or more at 100 degrees C. Preferred Process: The pressurization is started when the light-receiving surface side sealing film and back surface side coloring sealing film are heated at 80-100 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic device has n-type semiconductor layer with titanium dioxide particles, zinc oxide particles, zirconium oxide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorinated material includes a fluoropolymer film in contact with the battery. The fluorinated material includes a mixture of solid fluoropolymer and fluorinated composition in semi-solid state. The fluorinated material is thermally destabilizable fluoropolymer. The fluorinated material includes fluoropolyether. The fluorinated material is essentially free of binding function with respect to non-fluorinated material. When the fluorinated material contains non-fluorinated compound, the content of non-fluorinated compound is 15 wt.% or less. The lithium-ion battery further has a case within which the battery is contained. The interior surface of case contains fluorinated material including fluoropolymer. The lithium-ion battery includes a can forming the housing of battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The conductive material comprises graphite carbon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: At least one of conductive material, solvent system or binder includes acid. The binder comprises a polymeric binder, and/or monomers for polymerizing upon curing, or an acidic monomer configured to act as acid in the paste and to polymerize upon curing to form a polymeric binder. The conductive paste further comprises an acid generator that produces the acid upon curing. The acid generator is N-chlorosuccinimide, or zinc chloride, zinc bromide, copper chloride (CuCl and CuCl2), copper bromide (CuBr and CuBr2), titanium tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride or their organic derivatives. Preferred Property: The conductive coating has thickness of 0.1-15 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The initiator consists of benzoyl Peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer monomer consists of a monofunctional polymer monomer, a multifunctional polymer monomer and a multifunctional acrylic monomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon material is silica nanoparticles, silicon alloy material, silicon-oxygen-carbon composite material, or nanosilicon/silicon dioxide compound. The content of silicon material, binder and conductive agent with respect to the total weight of solid ingredient composition is 60-90 wt.%, preferably 85-90 wt.%, 4-5 wt.% and 2-5 wt.% respectively. The silicon cathode active material coat has void ratio of 20-70%, and pore size of 0.01-10 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The plasticizer is chosen from phthalic acid ester, benzene polycarboxylic acid ester, adipic acid propylene glycol polyester, propanediol sebacate polyester, and phthalic polyester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The device comprises (a) (I) which is a p-type component, and (b) an n-type component. The first electrode is indium tin oxide (ITO). The second electrode is lithium fluoride/aluminum. The photoactive layer, the first electrode, and the second electrode are thin films. The photovoltaic device further comprises a substrate, where the thin films are disposed on the substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: Each (I) is pi -stacked with at least one other organic compound. Preferred Definitions:    c = a divalent group of formula (i);    Z = -S- (preferred), -O-, or -NH-;    X = a divalent group of formula (ii)-(iv);    R1, R2 = 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexylddecyl, or 2-octyldodecyl; and    a, b = acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthanthrene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo (b)fluoranthene, benzo(ghi)perylene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzopyrene, chrysene, coronene, corannulene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorine, hexabenzocoronene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, naphthalene, ovalene, pentacene, pentaphene, perylene, phenanthrene, pyrene, tetracene, tetraphene, or triphenylene, or 4,8-dimethoxy-1,5-dihydro-s-indacen-2-yl, 4-(diphenylamino)phenyl, pyren-1-yl, or pyren-2-yl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Polyamide (A) is copolymer of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid with hexamethylenediamine. The amount of polyamide (A) is 40-85 wt.% with respect to total weight of composition (C). The filler (F) is chosen from glass fiber fillers. The content of filler (F) is 10-50 wt.% with respect to total content of composition (C). The impact modifier (IM) is chosen from styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene rubber, maleic anhydride grafted styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber and styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene rubber, ethylene/1-butene, ethylene/1-hexene and ethylene/1-octene copolymers, and/or ethylene/propylene/ethylidene norbornene terpolymer. The content of impact modifier (IM) is 1-20 wt.% with respect to total content of composition (C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The main portion of wiring material is made up of copper or copper alloys. The coating layer covering wiring material main portion consists of silver or silver alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive paste (A) and electroconductive paste (B) comprises electroconductive filler, binder resin and additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The tubes are made of aluminum with the plastic sheathing. The locking fins made of sheet steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cooler is made of polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rotor blade consists of foams, where the former foam is polyvinylchloride, polyurethane or styrene acrilonitrile, and the latter foam is polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The cushioning portion is formed of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin sheet contains 5-40 wt.% titanium oxide provided in at least one outermost layer. The polyester resin sheet contains gas and water vapor barrier layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polyester resin sheet is obtained using a chip which does not contain column-shaped titanium dioxide having length of 5.95-8.05 mm, width of 3.20-4.80 mm and height of 1.70-2.30 mm, and a column-shaped titanium dioxide-containing chip having length of 2.40-4.60 mm, width of 3.20-4.80 mm and height of 1.70-2.30 mm. Preferred Component: The polyester resin sheet is thermoplastic resin sheet. Preferred Properties: The total transmittance of thermoplastic resin sheet is 0.005-25%. The thickness of the layer having 5-40 wt.% titanium dioxide is 7-100% with respect to the thickness of the total polyester resin layer. The elongation retention before and after aging for 3000 hours in an environment with a relative humidity of 85% at 85 degrees C is 40-100%. The elongation retention before and after aging for 15 hours at 140 degrees C is 40-100%. The water vapor permeation rate of polyester resin sheet based on JIS-K-7129 with 100 mu m conversion at 40 degrees C and relative humidity of 90%, is 0.5 g/(m2.24 hours).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Device: The photovoltaic device further comprises: a metal layer (24) on the inert conductive paste layer (23). The metal layer (24) comprises elemental nickel, chromium, copper, molybdenum, tin, aluminum, gold, silver, technetium, or alloys or mixtures. The inert conductive paste layer (23) is formed from a conductive paste. The inert conductive paste layer (23) comprises a graphite and a polymeric binder, and, preferably, the polymeric binder comprises a chlorinated polymeric binder. The back surface of the p-type absorber layer (20) comprises copper telluride or iodine. The inert conductive paste layer (23) fills any pinholes defined in the p-type absorber layer (20). Preferred Method: In forming the back contact onto the exposed surface of the p-type absorber layer (20) of the p-n junction in the manufacture of the thin film photovoltaic device, forming the inert conductive paste layer (23) involves: applying a conductive paste onto the exposed surface of the p-type absorber layer (20); and annealing the conductive paste to form the inert conductive paste layer (23). The conductive paste comprises graphite, a polymeric binder, and a solvent. The conductive paste does not form any acid during annealing. Enriching the exposed surface of the p-type absorber layer (20) involves applying a copper source compound onto the exposed surface to form copper telluride, where the copper-containing metal salt preferably comprises a copper halide, a copper acetate, a copper-sulfur compound, or a mixture; and/or applying an iodine source compound onto the exposed surface, or is achieved via an ion-exchange reaction. The inert conductive paste layer (23) fills any pinholes defined in the p-type absorber layer (20).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In synthesizing functionalized MWCNTs, the acidic mixture contains sulfuric acid:nitric acid:deionized water in a ratio of 0.8:18:95-1.2:22:105, preferably 1:20:100. The MWCNTs are refluxed with the acidic mixture for 20-30 hours at a temperature of 100-130 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: In synthesizing functionalized MWCNTs, the organic solvent is selected from N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), aniline, or orthodichlorobenzene (ODCB). The acid functionalized MWCNTs are reacted with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) at a temperature of 120 degrees C and in presence of N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) to obtain acid chloride functionalized MWCNTs. The process further involves: dispersing the oleylamine derivative of MWCNTs in o-dichlorobenzene to obtain a dispersed solution; treating the dispersed solution with methyl 4-benzoylbutyrate p-tosylhydrazone dissolved in pyridine to obtain a reaction mixture; and adding sodium methoxide to the reaction mixture and refluxing the resultant mixture at a temperature of 120 degrees C for 45-55 hours to obtain fullerene (PCBM) analog of MWCNTs.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: In synthesizing the polycarbosilane coated MWCNTs, the MWCNTs is functionalized MWCNTs or non-functionalized MWCNTs. The functionalized MWCNTs are oleylamine derivative of MWCNTs. The catalyst is Speier's catalyst (H2PtCl6). Heating is done at a temperature of 450 degrees C for 5 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The aromatic ring containing polymer is a polystyrene and the poly-meth-acrylate is polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion-conductive group is chosen from sulfonic acid group or its salt of formula: -SO3M (I) and phosphonic acid group or its salt of formula: -PO3HM (II).M=H, ammonium ion, or alkali metal ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is 4-8C conjugated diene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The block copolymer (Z) further comprises polymer block (C) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound and excluding ion-conductive group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pore-forming solvent is ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The slurry preferably contains 91 pts. wt. nanoceramic powder, 1 pts. wt. pore-forming solvent and 2.5 pts. wt. bonding agent. The nanoceramic powder includes alumina and/or barium sulfate. The bonding agent is polyacrylic ester. Preferred Property: The thickness of porous ceramic layer is 3-5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Flame retardant is tetraphenyl (bisphenol A) diphosphate and/or tetraphenyl resorcinol diphosphate. Lubricant is pentaerythritol tetrastearate (PETS), emulsifying (E) wax, and/or silicone-based lubricant. Antioxidant is tris(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenol)phosphite ester, beta -(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid octadecyl alcohol ester, and/or zinc oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: ABS is general grade ABS (PA-757K) and/or AG15A1 (RTM: General grade ABS). PS is PH-88 (RTM: High-impact PS), PH-888 (RTM: High-impact PS), and/or HP8250 (RTM: High-impact PS). Preferred Parameters: PPE has intrinsic viscosity of 40-45 cm3/g. Preferred Conditions: Melt-extrusion temperature is 200-280 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The softening point of glass powder is 200-1000 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound containing donor element is compound containing phosphorus. The compound for glass formulation comprises compound containing silicon or compound containing calcium. The amount of compound containing donor element in glass powder is 30-80 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The n-type diffused layer formation composition further comprises binder resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The other monomer is (meth)acrylic-type monomer or styrene-type monomer. The (meth)acrylic-type monomer is (meth)acrylic-type monomer is of formula: H2C=C(-R1)-C(=O)-O-R2 (I).R1=H or methyl;andR2=H or optionally substituted 1-20C hydrocarbyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the copolymer (a) in the composition with respect to 100 parts mass of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is 0.3-4 parts mass. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer sheet further contains crosslinking agent. Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of the copolymer (a) is 5000 or more, preferably 10000-100000. The yellowness of the sheet measured after irradiating an ultraviolet-ray for 200 hours by 1000 W/m2 irradiance based on JIS K 7105 is 2 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The surface active agent is formed as lecithin, fatty acid glyceride, fatty acid sorbitan, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, high carbon fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester, fatty acid ester ethoxylates, polyoxyethylene block copolymer, glycerol pentaerythritol, sorbitan, mixture of sucrose fatty acid ester or polyacrylamide solvent. The polyacrylamide solvent is formed as de-ionized water or organic solvent. The organic solvent is formed as ethanol mixture, methylene dichloride and benzene additive. The benzene additive is formed as thickening agent that is formed as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The boron-containing doping paste comprises 0.5-50 wt.% of boron compound, 0.5-10 wt.% of polymer binder, a solvent, and 0-50 wt.% of ceramic compound. The phosphorus-containing doping paste comprises 20-90 wt.% of phosphorus compound, 0-50 wt.% of ceramic compound, a solvent, and 0.5-10 wt.% of polymer binder.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The whisker composite has a particle size of less than 1 mu m, an aspect ratio of greater than 30%, and a specific gravity of 2-3. The ratio of recycled polypropylene in waste bumper cover and waste battery case is 1:6-7. The present amount of the recycled polypropylene is 70-80 wt.%, and the present amount of the whisker composite is 20-30 wt.%. Preferred Composition: The composite further comprises 5-15 wt.% of glass bubble having specific gravity of 0.125-0.60, particle size of 30-80 mu m, and aspect ratio of 0.1-1, and 5-25 wt.% of talc. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The meltable conductive material comprises solder formed of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, indium, silver, copper, cadmium, or alloys.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The nano-silicon particles are prepared using mixed solvent containing 1-5 pts. wt. trioctylphosphine oxide, 5-15 pts. wt. diluted diethyl propyl phosphate and 20-50 pts. wt. isopropanol and hydrogen as reactive gas. Grafting reaction is carries using grafting compound chosen from olefin or alkyne during preparation of nano-silicon silver paste. A silicon wafer is etched and diffused in phosphoryl chloride, and silicon nitride (SiNx) layer is deposited during preparation of selective emitter cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the tetrafluoroethene-based fluoropolymer, comprises polymerizing the monomers making up the fluoropolymer in an aqueous emulsion polymerization using (I), and in the presence of one or more fluorinated liquids comprising saturated partially or perfluorinated hydrocarbons which contain one or more catenary heteroatoms consisting of oxygen and/or nitrogen. Preferred Components: The fluoropolymer is: detected from copolymers comprising interpolymerized units derived from (a) tetrafluoroethene, hexafluoropropene and ethane, (b) tetrafluoroethene, hexafluoropropene and vinylidene fluoride, and (c) tetrafluoroethene and ethene. The fluoropolymer has an Mw/Mn ratio of 1.4-1.9; substantially linear; and a perfluorinated hydrocarbon and a fluorinated ether having a structure of formula (R1a-X-O-R2) (II), preferably fluorinated (poly)ether. The anion part of (I) has a molecular weight of less than 1500 g/mole. The extrusion product comprises at least 50 wt.% of the extrusion product of the tetrafluoroethene based fluoropolymer. The multi-layer article further comprises one or more layers comprising a polymer, where the polymer is a polycarbonate, a silicone, a polyester, and a polyamide. The extruded article is a sheet having a thickness of 10-3000 mu m, preferably 30-3000 mu m.R1a = partially fluoridated or perfluorinated 1-4C-alkyl;X = an oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene unit having 1-10C; andR2 = CH3, or partially fluorinated or perfluorinated 1-10C-alkyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The process involves: either (a1) synthesizing 2,5-dihyxylbenzene-1,4-diamine from 1,4-dibromohexyl benzene, (b1) synthesizing 1,1'-(2,5-dihexyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(thiourea) from 2,5-dihyxylhenzene-1,4-diamine, (c1) synthesizing 4,8-dihexylbenzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis(thiazole)-2,6-diamine from 1,1'-(2,5-dihexyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(thiourea) and (d1) synthesizing 2,6-dibromo-4,8-dihexylbenzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis(thiazole) from 4,8-dihexylbenzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis(thiazole)-2,6-diamine; or (a2) synthesizing 2,5-dihyxylbenzene-1,4-diamine from 1,4-dibromohexyl benzene, (b2) synthesizing N,N'-(2,5-dihexyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(azanediyl)bis(carbonothioyl) from 2,5-dihyxylhenzene-1,4-diamine, (c2) synthesizing 1,1'-(2,5-dihexyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(thiourea) from N,N'-((2,5-dihyxyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(azanediyl)bis(carbonothioyl))dibenzamide, (d2) synthesizing 4,8-dihexylbenzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis(thiazole)-2,6-diamine from 1,1'-(2,5-dihexyl-1,4-phenylene)bis(thiourea) and (e2) synthesizing 2,6-dibromo-4,8-dihexylbenzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis(thiazole) from 4,8-dihexylbenzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis(thiazole)-2,6-diamine. EXAMPLE - 31 mg of tert-butyl nitrite liquid was added to 40 ml of anhydrous acetonitrile of 54 mg of copper(II) bromide. A solid of 78 mg of 4,8-dihexylbenzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis(thiazole)-2,6-diamine was added to the mixture portion-wise. The mixture was then refluxed at 65 degrees C for 1 hour. Then, the reaction mixture was cooled and then poured into 200 ml of aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with 150 ml of dichloromethane. The organic solution was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After filtration, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a dark solid, which was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, toluene) to provide 51 mg of 2,6-dibromo-4,8-dihexylbenzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis(thiazole) as a light red crystalline-solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ligands are trialkyl or triaryl phosphines, in which the alkyl and aryl groups are optionally substituted, or the corresponding phosphonium salts, or their complexes with metals. The ligands are tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, tricyclohexylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, di-tert-butyl (methyl) phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, or a phosphine-containing compound of formulae (a)-(c). The catalysts are palladium(II) catalysts comprising palladium acetate ortho-toluene (Pd(OAc)(o-Tol)) or palladium(II) acetate. The catalysts are used in an amount of 0.1-5 mole% based on the amount of monomers used. The ligands are used in an amount of 5-20 mole% based on the amount of monomers used.Ar1 = o-tolyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The process-I further comprises: prior to the isolating step, adding an end capping reagent; and adding one or more mild bases. Preferred Components: The photoactive copolymer is of formulae (I)-(X).n = 5-1000000. Preferred Definitions:    A1 = mono or polycyclic heteroaryl i.e. optionally substituted with one or more 1-20C-alkyl or 1-20C-alkoxy;    A2 = a divalent group of formula (aa); and    R9 = 1-20C-alkyl.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The middle base material layer has an aluminum foil and/or an inorganic vapor deposition film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The base materials are outer-layer base material and inner-layer base material. The inner-layer base material is provided in the surface of electric power generation cell. The solar cell back surface protection sheet further consists of a middle base material layer between the outer-layer base material and the inner-layer base material. The inner-layer base material is made from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or low-density polyethylene. The middle base material layer contains polyester, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, acryl, polyamide, or polyphenylene ether. The outer layer of the outer-layer base material contains acryl-type coating and/or fluorine-type coating. The outer-layer base material has polyester film, fluorine film, or inorganic vapor deposition film. Preferred Properties: The acrylic polyol has a glass transition temperature of -10 degrees C to 10 degrees C and a hydroxyl value of 5-30 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: An equivalent ratio of an isocyanate group derived from xylylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate to a hydroxyl group derived from the acrylic polyol, is 1-3. The xylylene diisocyanate is a monomer and the hexamethylene diisocyanate is an isocyanurate form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The total light transmittance measuring technique for solar cell module output is based on JISK7361-1 standard.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The blades are coated with epoxy resin material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The resin is acrylic resin and/or alkyd resin. The solvent is water, ethanol and acetone. The auxiliary agent comprises dispersing agent and diluent. The dispersing agent is BYK wetting dispersant. The diluent is carboxymethyl propane diglycidyl ether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The positive electrode consists of compound containing nickel or manganese as an active material. The negative electrode contains lithium titanate as an active material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cyclic polar group is a group having cyclic carbonate structure, lactone structure, cyclic ether structure, cyclic ketone structure, or cyclic carbamate structure. The compound (B) is chosen from enamine compound, aromatic ketone compound, metallocene compound, onium salt compound, oxime compound, biimidazole compound, and borate compound. The molar ratio of compound (B) with respect to the polymeric compound is 0.05-0.5.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The concentration of polymeric compound and compound (B) contained in the electrolyte solution is 0.001-0.1 M and 0.0001-0.01 M, respectively. Preferred Definitions:    X=group chosen from group of formulae (iii)-(vii);    L=single bond, alkylene coupling group, ether coupling group, amino coupling group, or carbonyl coupling group;    Cy=organic coupling group;and    Rd=H or alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoparticle includes tin chloride, ammonia, sodium hydroxide and sodium borohydride. The metal nanoparticle has diameter of 50 nm to 1 mu m, and size of 3-50 nm. The metal nanoparticles of 0.1 g are added to 0.01-0.1 g of titanium dioxide nanofiber. The metal nanoparticle is positioned at the surface of the titanium nanoparticle of 0.001-1 mole. The metal nanoparticle surface is added with 0.005-0.05 g, preferably 0.1 g of paste. The titanium dioxide nanofiber has size of 10-50 nm and thickness of 1-10 nm. Preferred Process: The heat treating is performed in a carbonization furnace at 400-550 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The conducting polymer is selected from the group of made up of polyacetylene, polyphenylene vinylene, polythiophene, polyphenylene sulfide, poly(3,4-ethylenediox- ythiophene), polypyrole , polyaniline , and combinations thereof.
Preferred Definitions:    C'=one or more of 40 groups, e.g. groups of formulae (II)-(VI);    A=amino, quaternary ammonium salt group, amine, diethanol amine, pyridine, quaternary phosphonium salt group, phosphate, phosphate, sulfonate group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and/or its derivatives; and    R=straight chain alkyl, branched chain alkyl or cyclic alkyl chain, where one or more of alkyl carbon atoms is oxygen atom, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group or ester groups substituted functional group, and hydrogen atom is F, Cl, Br, or I.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The pressing plate is made of rubber material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The diaphragm contains solvent such as acetone, butanone and toluene and non-solvent such as butanol and ethanol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The organic or inorganic hollow particles are selected from silicon dioxide particle, acrylic particle, polyethylene particle, polystyrene particle, polymethyl acrylate, polystyrene and poly enamine particles respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyether polyol has molecular weight of 3000-8000, hydroxyl value of 20-80 mg potassium hydroxide/g, and viscosity of 1500 mPa.seconds/25 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic charged thin film comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride, lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3) or lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The negatively charged polymer thin film comprises poly(styrene sulfonate acid), poly(acrylic acid), polymaleic acid or poly(perfluorosulfonic acid). The positively charged polymer thin film comprises polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride, poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly-L-lysine or polyethyleneimine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The shortcut fiber has strength of 3-8 cN/dtex and elongation of 25-100%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The apparatus has a cylindrical-shaped bearing part made from synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic domain has thickness of less than 3 nm. The block copolymer is a sulfonated block copolymer. The copolymer has portion of sulfonated polystyrene blocks and a non-ionic block. The non-ionic block is polyisoprene block, hydrogenated polyisoprene block, polybutylene or polymethyl block. The block copolymer is a cylindrical or spherical-shaped block copolymer. The electrolyte is liquid electrolyte dissolved in a polar solvent. The ionic block in the nonionic core forms a corona-type shell. The sulfonated block has degree of polymerization of 10-300. A molecular weight of the block copolymer is 4.4-21.8 kg/mol. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The vacuum tube is provided as glass pipe.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The vacuum tube is provided as plastic pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The self-repairing composite material comprises diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine. The catalyst is Grubbs catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Polycrystalline silicon ingot is prepared by spraying 10 mu m to 1 mm silicon nitride layer and/or before applying carbon layer. Setting of silicon material is performed by filling crucible with solid silicon material and heating to obtain molten silicon material. Setting of molten silicon material is performed by setting solid silicon material on other side of crucible inner surface, heating, and casting to carbon layer inside crucible.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Carbon layer is carbon coating powder. Preferred Processes: Application of carbon coating powder is carried out by spraying or brush-coating crucible inner side wall with silicon nitride layer or coating crucible inner side wall with 100 nm to 1 mm thick carbon layer. Application of sintered polymer layer is carried out by coating crucible inner side wall with silicon nitride layer, applying polymer compound layer, and sintering at 100-1200 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Carbon layer is sintered polymer layer. Polymer compound is polyurethane, polyacrylate, alkyd resin, PVC resin, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron-transport material is n-type oxide semiconductor. The oxide semiconductor is chosen from titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide and niobium oxide. The hole-transportation layer is laminated with material having different molecular weight. The electron transport compound is coated with photosensitizer. A metal oxide is existed between hole-transportation layer and secondary electrode. Preferred Process: The photoelectric conversion element is manufactured by coating the primary electrode with electron transport material, providing hole-transporting material on the primary electrode, and carrying out press process.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-containing compound (I) is preferably of formula (II). The hole-transportation layer contains metallic compound(s) or ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is imidazolinium compound-containing liquid. The hole-transport material close to secondary electrode side is polymeric material.X2=aryl ring chosen from aryl or unsaturated heterocyclic ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: Electrochemical polymerization uses three-electrode system including reference electrode, working electrode and counter electrode. Counter electrode and working electrode is flat surface sheet electrode, i.e. titanium, gold and silver. Melt stretching method is by electrostatic force using modified electrode, i.e. polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The absorbent member is calcium salt. The housing is made of metallic material or synthetic resin material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The housing is installed such that one surface of the photovoltaic modules is perpendicular. The heat radiation member is a coolant pathway installed to cover the arranged area. The cooling pathway forms multiple slot-shaped intergranular to the interior of the housing. The rear side of the solar cell module is attached to a seat member, and on the rear side of a solar module (10) opposite to the one surface of the housing, multiple projections are formed to penetrate the sheet member.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Photoelectric conversion active layer contains electron-donating organic semiconductor and electron-accepting organic semiconductor. Organic thin film is positioned between positive electrode and photoelectric conversion active layer. Positive hole transport layer which has a hole-transport material is arranged between positive electrode and organic thin film. Solvent is at tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, cyclohexane, chloroform, bromoform, benzene, toluene, ortho xylene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, anisole, methoxybenzene, trichlorobenzene, and/or pyridine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Electron-donating organic semiconductor is a pi -electron-conjugation-type polymer containing monomeric unit which has heterocyclic skeleton e.g. thiophene, fluorene, carbazole, dibenzosilole, dibenzo germole, benzodithiophene, and/or diketopyrrolopyrrole as part of chemical structure. The pi -electron-conjugation-type polymer is a block copolymer. Preferred Conditions: Heat-processing temperature is 100-200 degrees C. Preferred Definitions:    Y'=vinyl, acetylene, butenyl, acryl, acrylate, acrylamide, methacryl, methacrylate, methacrylamide, arene, allyl, vinyl ether, vinyl amino, furyl, pyrrole, thiophene, silole, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, epoxy, oxetane, diketene, episulfide, lactone, lactam, and/or SH.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The active layer contains a photo-active material chosen from organic semiconductor, metal oxide semiconductor, optionally sensitized with a dye, semiconductor containing element(s) chosen from copper, indium, gallium, selenium, zinc, tin and sulfur. The component (2) further comprises buffer layer containing cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc-magnesium oxide, tin dioxide or indium-tin alloy (In2Sn3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal or metal alloy current collector contains metal chosen from gold, silver, copper, iron and nickel. The metal alloy contains carbon steel or stainless steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The component (2) comprises hole transport material (8) chosen from 2,2',7,7-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene, fullerenes or their derivatives as organic hole transport materials, or fluorine-doped cesium-tin-iodide, perovskites, copper-phthalocyanine, copper iodide or their derivatives as inorganic hole transport materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The transparent conductive layer(s) contains conductive polymer chosen from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate), polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole and/or their derivatives. The transparent conductive adhesive contains a synthetic polymer chosen from epoxy resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate, phenol formaldehyde resin, polyamide, polyester resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulfide, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride emulsion, polyvinylpyrrolidone and silicone, or a natural polymer chosen from latex, methyl cellulose, mucilage, starch and resorcinol resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is 0.8-1.5 wt.% high molecular resin and 10-12.7 wt.% solvent. Preferred Components: The solvent is terpineol, butyl carbitol and/or butyl carbitol acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The high molecular resin is ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, acrylic acid resin and/or polyurethane resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. Mole ratio of catalyst and compound of formula (IV) is (0.01-0.1):1. Auxiliary ligand is tris(o-methylphenyl)phosphate. Mole ratio of auxiliary ligand and compound of formula (IV) is (0.1-0.5):1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): A polymer is prepared by reacting compound of formula (IV) and polymer of formula (III-1) in presence of catalyst and auxiliary ligand under protection of inert gas to obtain compound of formula (I) or reacting compound of formula (III-2) and compound of formula (IV) in presence of catalyst and auxiliary ligand under protection of inert gas to obtain polymer of formula (II). Preferred Definitions:    R1= 4-22C alkyl;    R2=10-22C alkyl or 12-40C alkyl; and    n=5-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The basic material consist of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), PTFE, PVC and polypropylene (PP).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The shuttle inhibitor comprises lithium nitrate, lithium nitrite, potassium nitrate, potassium nitrite, cesium nitrate, cesium nitrite, barium nitrate, barium nitrite, ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrite, dialkyl imidazolium nitrates, guanidine nitrate, ethyl nitrite, propyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, pentyl nitrite octyl nitrite, nitromethane, nitropropane, nitrobutanes, nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene, nitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, nitropyridine, dinitropyridine, pyridine N-oxide, alkylpyridine N-oxides, or tetramethyl piperidine N-oxyl, preferably lithium nitrate or lithium perchlorate. The concentration of the lithium polysulfide in the electrolyte is 0.1-0.3 M. The electrolyte has not been subjected to a charging or discharging current. The battery is uncharged.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The non-aqueous solvent comprises a acetal, ketal, sulfone, acyclic ether, cyclic ether, glyme, polyether, or dioxolane. The non-aqueous solvent comprises 1,2-dimethoxy ethane, 1,3-dioxolane, tetraethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and/or tri(ethylene glycol)dimethyl ether. EXAMPLE - 0.0373 g Lithium sulfide and 0.2048 g sulfur were dissolved in 4 ml dimethoxyethane with stirring at 60 degrees C for 8 hours. The resulting solution was dark red. Then, 0.138 g lithium nitrate was added to the solution to form a polysulfide electrolyte.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-doping hole collect layer contains oxide of lithium, sodium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, lutetium, lanthanum, samarium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead and/or iron. The non-doping electron collection layer contains oxide of lithium, sodium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, yttrium, lutetium, lanthanum, samarium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, germanium, tin, lead and/or iron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The non-doping electron collection layer or non-doping hole collect layer contains conjugated polymer. The conjugated polymer contains poly(pyrrole), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyanyline, poly (acetylene), the poly(P-phenylenevinylene), poly(thiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and/or poly(P-phenylene sulfide).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Dye is titanium dioxide pigment or simple color pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Wavelength range of luminous material is 700-1300 nm. Duration of afterglow of luminous material is 10 hours. Preferred Components: Plastic material is PVC, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), silicon-containing rubber or fluorine-containing rubber. Plastic material comprises flexibilizing agent and whitening agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anti-reflecting coating is coated with magnesium fluoride, acrylic film, nanoporous organosilicate thin film, and surface modified metal oxide nano-particles. The dye is selected from the group consisting of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljuloloidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran, platinum- tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin, rhodamine-6G, and coumarin-6. The PV cell is made of cadmium tellurium, calcium indium sulfur, gallium arsenic, gallium indium arsenic, copper indium gallium selenium, fullerene compositions, phtalocyanine compositions, poly(phenylene vinylene) compositions, and perylene compositions. The transparent high thermal conductivity material is made of glass, silicon carbide, transparent metal oxides, indium tin oxide, and composites.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin foam contains an olefin resin. The olefin resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and/or an ethylene alpha -olefin copolymer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the foam-containing sealing material is 200-1000 mu m. The ratio of the volume of air with respect to the apparent volume of the foam-containing sealing material is 0.2-0.6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Components: The biomass feedstock maybe carbohydrate-based material or protein-based material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The carbonization is carried out at 500-2000 degrees C for 10-60 minutes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The biomass feedstock may also be wood, crop straw, bamboo, or nutshell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The biomass feedstock is cellulose-based material, starch-based material, lignin, or crustaceans-based material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises:(A) preparing a tin salt solution, adding lanthanum salt and ytterbium salt, adding a dispersant, and stirring at 50-70 degrees C;(B) adding urea to the solution, adjusting pH of the reaction system, and stirring until the urea is completely dissolved;(C) washing the solution with argon, and subjection to ultrasonic radiation at 70-90 degrees C under argon gas protection to obtain jelly precipitate; and(D) aging to obtain a precursor, filtering the precursor, washing and drying, and calcining.Preferred Method: The pH of the reaction system is adjusted to 3-5. The ultrasonic radiation is carried out at 20.81 kHz, 24.45 kHz, 30.1 kHz, or 40.34 kHz, for 2-4 hours. Aging is carried out for 5-20 hours. Drying is carried out by blast drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying, or microwave drying. Calcining is carried out at 600-700 degrees C for 3-5 hours. Preferred Component: The tin salt is chloride, nitrate, citrate, or oxide. The solubility of the tin salt solution is 0.2-1 mol/L. The lanthanum salt is chlorate, nitrate, citrate, or oxide. The yttrium salt is nitrate, citrate, or oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dispersant is polyethylene glycol, propanetriol, or citric acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The metal oxide is titanium oxide, scandium oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, lanthanum oxide, tungsten oxide, iridium oxide, magnesium oxide, strontium oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, and/or aluminum oxide. The liquid electrolyte comprises metal iodide, metal bromide, organic iodide, and/or redox pair.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The dye is ruthenium type dye, xanthene dye, cyanine based dye, porphyrin based dye, and/or anthraquinone dye. A co-adsorbent is further adsorbed in the nanoparticles. The co-adsorbent is The co-adsorbent is but-3-enoic acid, pent-4-enoic acid, hex-4-enoic acid, hept-4-enoic acid, non-9-enoic acid, 4-oxo-hex-5-enoic acid, carboxymethacrylic acid ester, methacryloyl-4-aminobutyric acid, 6-acryloylamino-hexanoic acid, 6-(2-methylacryloylamino)-hexanoic acid, 4-(4-vinylphenoxy)-propionic acid, 6-(4-vinylphenoxy)-hexanoic acid, and/or 6-amino-hexanoic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer thin film is crosslinked polyacrylonitrile thin film. The solid-phase electrolyte comprises polymer network and liquid electrolyte. The polymer network comprises crosslinked polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, and/or methacrylate type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of the inorganic fluorescent material with respect to the transparent vinyl resin is 0.001-10 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The particulate-form wavelength conversion material is obtained by performing suspension-polymerization of vinyl compound to which the inorganic fluorescent material is dispersed. Preferred Composition: The transparent vinyl resin of the transparent material is (meth)acrylic resin. Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of the wavelength conversion material obtained by suspension-polymerization is 10-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Transparent vinyl resin of transparent material is (meth)acrylic resin. Particulate-form wavelength conversion material is obtained by suspension-polymerizing vinyl compound to which inorganic fluorescent material of fluorescent material is dispersed. Content rate of inorganic fluorescent material of fluorescent material with respect to transparent vinyl resin of transparent material is 0.001-10 mass%. Preferred Parameters: Average particle diameter of wavelength conversion material is 10-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic fluorescent material of fluorescent material with respect to transparent vinyl resin of transparent material is 0.001-10 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particulate-form wavelength conversion material for solar cells is obtained by suspension-polymerizing vinyl compound to which the inorganic fluorescent material of fluorescent material is dispersed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The transparent vinyl resin of transparent material is (meth)acrylic resin. The inorganic fluorescent substance-containing polymer particles are wavelength conversion material for solar cells obtained by suspension-polymerizing vinyl compound to which fluorescent material is dispersed and contains vinyl compound having two or more functional groups. The average particle diameter of wavelength conversion material for solar cells obtained by suspension polymerization is 10-200 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The monovalent copper compound is reduced by a disproportionation reaction. The method further involves immersing copper fine particles in aqueous solution of hydroxycarboxylic acid. Preferred Property: The copper fine particles have average particle diameter of 1 mu m or less. Preferred Components: The copper source containing the monovalent copper compound consists of material containing cuprous oxide and halogen ion. The halogen ion is chloride ion. The acid is sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrophilic solvent is lower alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The water-soluble polymer is chosen from natural polymer or its derivative(s) and synthetic macromolecule or its derivative(s). The natural polymer or its derivative(s) is alginic acid or its derivative(s), starch or its derivative(s) and chitosan or its derivative(s). The synthetic macromolecule or its derivative(s) is chosen from polyethyleneglycol or its derivative(s), polyvinyl alcohol or its derivative(s) and polyvinylpyrrolidone or its derivative(s).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The three-dimensional micro-battery structure further comprises electrode current collector electrically coupled to the base, and counter electrode current collector electrically coupled to the counter electrode micro-structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin-film electrolyte comprises inorganic material, preferably lithium aluminosilicate. The thin-film electrolyte is solid state-lithium ion conductor, or oxide-based lithium ion conductor. The thin-film electrolyte comprises ionic liquid electrolyte for lithium-ion battery. The thin-film electrolyte is sulfide-based lithium ion conductor, or sodium-ion conductor. The thin-film electrolyte comprises sulfide glass. The thin-film electrolyte comprises lithium phosphorus oxynitride, lithium aluminum oxide, lithium silicon oxide, lithium aluminum silicon oxide and organic material. The thin-film electrolyte comprises lithium aluminosilicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The three-dimensional micro-battery structure comprises precursor including tetraethyl orthosilicate, trimethylaluminum, and lithium t-butoxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: At least one iron group metal atom is coupled with iron group metal alloy particles in volume of 16.7 nm3. The solid support is a carbonaceous material or an inorganic material, and contains particles having diameter of 1 nm to 10 mu m. The solid support consists of an electroconductive material chosen from activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotube and porous carbon material. The composite material is produced using precursor containing iron oxide, cobalt oxide and/or nickel oxide, transition metal-containing compound and a protection polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide nanoparticle is chosen from iron(III) oxide, titanium dioxide, tin oxide of formula: SnOx, copper oxide of formula: CuOx, molybdenum oxide of formula: MoOx, cerium oxide of formula: CeOx, iron(IV) oxide, zinc oxide of formula: ZnOx and yttrium(III) oxide, where x is not defined. The oxidizing agent is ammonium hydroxide. The content of metal oxide nanoparticles is 1-5 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. monomer. Preferred Process: The iron oxide is obtained by oxidizing iron salt chosen from ferric chloride, iron bromide, iron phosphate and iron sulfate using oxidizing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hydrophilic organic molecule is chosen from gluconic acid, citric acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and oleic acid. The coupling agent is chosen from 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and di(3-acryloxypropyl)dimethoxy-silane. The initiator is chosen from benzoyl peroxide-based peroxide, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile and azo-containing compound and its derivatives.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymerization process is atom transfer radical polymerization. The method further involves performing spheronization.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrodes comprise copper and/or silver (preferably sterling silver). The piping loop comprises plastic pipe.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Cladding layer is polymer-based material which is rubber. Closed-cell plastics based foam material is extruded polystyrene foam.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The lithium ion conducting oxide is selected from Li5La3Nb2O12 or Li5La3Ta2O12. The active first substance material comprises an active first salt selected from halide, nitrate or ammonium salt such as AlCl3, NH4NO3, NH4Br, NH4Cl, NH4I or NH4CNS.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The conductive particles are selected from the group consisting of metal, metal alloy, metal carbide, metal nitride and carbon particle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrical conductive fluid of deformable electrode is liquid metal such as mercury, or melted metal alloy on gallium base.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The retainer includes metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The support includes carbon-reinforced fiber plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The connecting line is made from plastic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The photoactive layer comprises at least one (I) in combination with 1-99% of an electron donor component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The electron donor component is represented by a fully conjugated or partially conjugated polymer, a low molecular weight compound or inorganic nanoparticle including conjugated polymers comprising poly(3-hexylthiophene) (preferred), poly(2,7-(9,9-di(alkyl)-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2'-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-6')dithiophene)-alt-4',7'-(2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)), poly(2,6-(4,4-di(n-dodecyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4,6')dithiophene)alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)) or poly(N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 23 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. fullerene derivatives of formulae (IA)-(IE).    EXAMPLE - 2,6-dimethoxyphenol was alkylated with 2-ethylhexyl bromide to obtain 2-(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,3-dimethoxy-benzene (AA). (AA) was further reacted with acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride to form 2-(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,3-dimethoxy-benzene acetophenone (BB). (BB) was treated with p-tosylhydrazide to form N-(1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonimidic acid compound of formula (CC). (CC) was reacted with sodium methoxide and 60C in 1,2-dichlorobenzene/pyridine mixture to obtain fullerene derivative (IE), after chromatographic separation on silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The copolymer further consists of 4-(3,11-dithiatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),4,9-tetraen-4-yl)-1H,2H,3H,5H-cyclopenta(c)pyrrole-1,3-dione-containing repeating unit of formulae (IV) and (V).Q1,Q2=group 14 atom;andR5,R6=hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by hetero atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer further consists of 4-(3,11-dithiatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),4,9-tetraen-4-yl)-1H,2H,3H,5H-cyclopenta(c)pyrrole-1,3-dione-containing repeating unit of formulae (IV) and (V).Q1,Q2=group 14 atom;andR5,R6=hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by hetero atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transition metal material is copper-type material, which is conductor comprising copper and/or semiconductor comprising copper, and comprises copper oxide, copper dioxide, copper iodide, and copper thiocyanate, and non-copper-type material. The transition metals are copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, and chromium. The alkali-type material comprises lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. The n-type-semiconductor layer comprises titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, and zinc sulfide. The dye-sensitized solar cell has a positive hole transparent layer comprising copper-type material, and provided between the photoelectrode and the counter electrode.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic dye molecules of formula (I) have rhodanine structure of formula (II), indoline structure, thiophene structure of formula (III), and carbazole structure of formula (IV).R1-R8=substituent;andn=1 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The low temperature softening point glass powder is lead oxide-boron oxide-silicon oxide-aluminum oxide glass powder. Preferred Composition: The content of aluminum oxide is 80-94 wt.%, boron oxide is 4-26 wt.%, silicon oxide is 0.5-7.5 wt.% and 0-5 wt.% lead oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic carrier is 6-15 wt.% high molecular resin and 86-95 wt.% solvent. Preferred Components: The high molecular resin is ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, acrylic acid resin and/or polyurethane resin. The solvent is terpineol, butyl carbitol and/or butyl carbitol acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic particles are alumina, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, cerium dioxide, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, calcium titanate, barium titanate, lithium phosphate, lithium titanium phosphate, titanium phosphate aluminum and lithium, or lithium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic particle is poly-vinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene butadiene copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polyacrylic acidstyrene copolymer, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyacrylic acid sodium, or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The vinyl polymer and the copolymer of vinyl polymer are polyethylene, polypropylene or polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The binder is polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate, polyethyl acrylate, pure acrylic emulsion, polyacrylic acidstyrene copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, or polypropylene sodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The cathode material utilized in the battery is artificial graphite, intermediate phase carbon microsphere, natural graphite, hard carbon and/or soft carbon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The release layer is made of mixture of mold release agent, silica gel, carbon slurry, sodium chloride or high temperature resistant material. The sodium-containing functional layer is selected among sodalime glass film layer, sodium fluoride (NaF) layer, sodium selenide (Na2Se) layer, sodium sulfide (Na2S) layer and sodium oxide (NaxO) layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer thin film layer is made of polyimide, polyacrylic acid, polyurethane, fluorine-containing polymer, N-methyl pyrrolidone or chloroform solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal protective film comprises silver or metal alloy containing silver.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises at least one polymer including polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The single lithium battery is provided with a rectangular aluminum box's lithium battery core and coated lithium battery core.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of saccharin derivative (I) is 05-5 wt.% with respect to total weight of electrolyte. The electrolyte further comprises lithium salt and ionizable organic solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises 50-90 wt.% of conductive powder including silver (Ag) powder or Ag containing alloy power, aluminum (Al) powder or Al containing alloy power, copper (Cu) powder or Cu containing alloy power, and nickel (Ni) powder or Ni containing alloy power. The Te containing alloy power comprises silver telluride, silver gallium telluride, silver indium telluride, gallium telluride, indium-telluride, lithium telluride, manganese(ii) telluride, niobium(IV) telluride and lead telluride. The Te powder or Te containing alloy power has an average particle diameter of 0.01-10 mu m. The organic vehicle is thixotropic agent, and leveling agent or antifoaming agent. The composition further includes glass frit, where the glass frit comprises lead monosilicate group, lead(II) oxide (PbO)-silicon dioxide (SiO2)-tellurium dioxide (TeO2) group, PbO-SiO2-boron trioxide (B2O3) group, PbO-SiO2-B2O3-TeO2 group, zinc oxide (ZnO)-SiO2 group, and ZnO-SiO2-TeO2 group. The composition comprises 1-10 wt.% of glass frit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition comprises 0.01-5 wt.% of Te powder or Te containing alloy power, and 5-40 wt.% of organic vehicle, where the organic vehicle comprises (meth)acrylate-based resin, ethylcellulose, nitrocellulose and ethylcellulose, the solvent butylcarbitol acetate, butyl carbitol, butyl cellusolve, butyl cellusolve acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monmethyl ether, propylene glycol monometyl ether propionate, ethyl ether propionate, terpineol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethylamino formaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, gamma-butyrolactone and ethyl lactate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polypropylene carbonate and the diethyl carbonate are mixed at weight ratio of 3-4:6-7.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The ceramic substrate comprise alumina, doped alumina, or aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic substrate is film-form metallic substrate containing aluminum, or positive electrode metal of lithium-ion battery.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (B1) is hydroxyl-containing (meth)acrylate. The component (C1) is compound having ethylenically unsaturated group(s), and is capable of mixing with n-hexane and the component (B1) of same weight. The component (C1) has 2 or more (meth)acryloyl groups and alkyl group in structure. The coating composition further contains 0.1-20 pts. wt. radical photopolymerization initiator (D) with respect to 100 pts. wt. total amount of hardenable component, and fluorescence agent, dye and/or pigment, preferably fluorescence agent. The component (A) is oligomer having structure in which polybutadiene and/or polyisoprene are hydrogenated. Preferred Property: The component (A) has number average molecular weight of 500-50000. Preferred Process: The cured film does not peel from metallic substrate even when immersing cured film on metallic substrate in mixed organic solvent containing dialkyl carbonate and cyclic carbonate at 25 degrees C for 24 hours. During manufacture of cured film-containing metallic substrate, presence or absence of coating film or cured film of the coating composition on the metallic substrate is confirmed before or after hardening with active energy ray.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The antireflection film is made of porous silicon dioxide or magnesium fluoride. The reflective film may be aluminum or silver or a metal dielectric film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The ring shaped part is constructed of a rigid material i.e. steel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The port is constructed of an elastomeric material i.e. thermoplastic elastomer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electroconductive core particles contain core material chosen from metals, metal oxides and/or metal alloys preferably aluminum. The noble metal or noble metal alloy different from core and shell material(s) is interposed between electroconductive core and electroconductive shell. The shell material is preferably tungsten carbide, niobium carbide, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, molybdenum carbide, zirconium carbide or boron carbide. The ratio of the composite particles is 5-85 wt.%. with respect to total weight of curable composition. The electroconductive particles are chosen from metal particles, metal plated particles and/or metal alloy particles preferably silver particles, in the weight ratio 5-85 wt.%. with respect to total weight of curable composition. The curable composition is electroconductive adhesive and substantially free of corrosion inhibitors. The substrate (I) and/or substrate (II) is aluminum substrate having aluminum oxide layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The curable resin is chosen from epoxy resins, phenoxy resin, benzoxazine resin, phosphor containing-acrylic resin, maleimide resin, cyanate ester resin, phenolic resin and/or silicone resin, in the weight ratio 2-40 wt.%. with respect to total weight of curable composition. Preferred Condition: In step (D), the pressure applied to substrate (I) and/or substrate (II) is 100 Pa or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chloride ion concentration in film is 100 ppm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The film contains triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate as plasticizer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl acetal is polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The base material is a substrate of resin that is selected from a group, which consists of a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyethylene naphthalate, a polyimide, and polyphenylene sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - The male power port of the power module is plugged into a Universal Serial Bus port on a computer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The shear force is applied to the mixed solution stirring by sitter. The precipitated iron phosphate particles are separated from suspension, and subjected to aging. The shearing force in reactor with Reynolds number of 2000-200000 is applied in the flow conditions, to form crystalline phase. Then, crystalline iron phosphate nanoparticles are separated, and dried, to obtain iron phosphate nanoparticles. Preferred Composition: The iron salt solution comprises iron acetate salt, iron halide salt, iron nitrate salt, iron sulfate salt, iron hydroxide or their hydrate. The phosphate solution is precipitation solution. The phosphate solution comprises phosphate ion. The precipitated iron phosphate particles are formed using ferric phosphate comprising amorphous iron phosphate, crystalline iron phosphate, or their hydrate. Preferred Component: The agitator is located within sealed chamber filling layer. The filling layer has rotation shaft to rotate. The filling layer has a cylindrical shape. Preferred Properties: The iron phosphate nanoparticles have steepness ratio of less than 3, and has narrow particle size distribution. The iron phosphate nanoparticles are amorphous.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed solution further comprises surfactant and dispersing agent. The surfactant comprises anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, non-ionic surfactant and/or polymeric surfactant. The amount of surfactant and dispersing agent is 0.05-10 wt.%, each with respect to the amount of mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Transparent conductive substrate is a glass substrate consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), zinc oxide-gallium oxide (ZnO-Ga2O3), ZnO-aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and/or tin-based oxide or a plastic substrate. Semiconductor layer contains oxide of titanium, tin, zinc, tungsten, zirconium, gallium, indium, yttrium, niobium, tantalum, and/or vanadium. The 2nd electrode contains platinum (Pt), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), Zn, silver (Ag), indium (In), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), carbon (C), and/or conductive polymer. Preferred Processes: Semiconductor layer is formed by laminating nanoparticles of metal oxide. The dye is synthesized by using a mercury (Hg)-containing precursor solution with concentration of 0-10 mM. The semiconductor layer is formed by coating a mixture of metal oxide with polymer on the transparent conductive substrate followed by heat-treatment. Light-absorbing layer is formed by adsorbing the dye by repeatedly performing immersion of semiconductor layer in lead (Pb)-containing precursor solution, Hg-containing precursor solution, and sulfur (S)-containing precursor solution. Preferred Parameters: Semiconductor layer has a thickness of 0-40 mu m. Semiconductor layer has a porous structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The 2nd electrode contains an alloy substrate coated with metal sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The UV-resistant layer/adhesive layer has 0.5-10 mu m beads content. The body layer is polyphenylene ether (PPE) resin material comprising 40-95 wt.% PPE resin and 5-40 wt.% acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) resin. The UV-resistant layer comprises 40-90 wt.% UV-resistant resin comprising fluorine-containing resin, polyacrylamide resin, and/or polyethylene terephthalate resin; and 5-40 wt.% UV-resistant additive comprising ASA resin, white pigment, black pigment, and/or beads. The adhesive layer comprises 20-70 wt.% polyolefin-based resin, 20-50 wt.% PPE resin, and 10-40 wt.%. compatibilizer, and further comprises 5-30 wt.% UV-resistant additive comprising ASA resin, white pigment, black pigment, and/or beads; and/or 5-30 wt.% antideformation additive comprising core-shell structure rubber resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon fiber dispersed in dispersion is 0.02-0.5 wt.%. The thermosetting resin is chosen from phenol resin, polyurethane resin, melamine resin and epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The encapsulant comprises poly-ethyl-vinyl acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyamic acid is of formula (III) or (IV).X,Y=2C or more trivalent or higher valent organic group;andR1=hydrogen, 1-10C hydrocarbon, or 1-10C alkylsilyl. Preferred Definitions:    W=group chosen from group of formulae (v)-(xii);    R21-R28=1-10C hydrocarbon or 1-10C organic group containing atom chosen from hydrogen, carbon, boron, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, or halogen;and    V=group chosen from group of formulae (xiii)-(xv).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The glass particles in the polymer are present in a concentration of 10 wt.%. The glass particles in the polymer are present in various sizes according to a predetermined size distribution. The glass particles have a thickness of 2-3 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic lead-free glass powder comprises 50-70 wt.% bismuth oxide, 10- 30 wt.% boron trioxide, 5-20 wt.% silicon dioxide and 1-5 wt.% titanium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is a mixture of turpentine oil, terpineol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, tributyl citrate and dodecyl alcohol. The thickening agent is acrylic acid resin, ethyl cellulose, nitro cellulose, phenolic resin, epoxy resin or vinyl acetate resin. The additive is dibutyl phthalate, octanoic acid, palm oil, lecithin, Span 85 (RTM: Nonionic surfactant) or castor oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Powder: The glass powder contains lead-boron silicate, zinc-boron-silicate or bismuth-boron-silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic additive contains oxide of calcium, magnesium, bismuth, zinc, silver, tantalum, manganese, titanium, ruthenium, platinum, palladium or gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is terpineol, alcohol ester or fatty alcohol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The polymer resin is cellulose or rosin resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hydrogenated rosin resin and the hydrogenated rosin resin ester are derived from abietic acid or pimaric acid, where the weight ratio of the hydrogenated rosin resins to the hydrogenated rosin resin esters is 2:1-4:1. The semiconductor wafer is a mono cast wafer, monocrystalline wafer or a polycrystalline wafer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Filler: The filler is chosen from talc, kaolin clay and carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hot-melt seal composition contains 20-60 pts. wt. of terpene phenol resin, 30-80 pts. wt. of dessicant/hydroscopic agent, 15-45 pts. wt. of polyolefin, 50-200 pts. wt. of filler, with respect to 100 pts. wt. of polyisobutylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The N-type organic-semiconductor material is fullerene or fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The 1st P-type organic-semiconductor material is poly(N-9"-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl- 2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)). The 2nd P-type organic-semiconductor material in the photoelectric conversion element is polyvinyl carbazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fiber texture is carbon, Kevlar (RTM: aramid fiber) or other material. The resin is polyester, vinyl ester or epoxy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The oxide layer comprises oxides, nitrides, carbides or borides of atomic elements from groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, IB or IIB, metals of groups IIIB, IVB or VB, and/or rare-earth metals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The encapsulated device further comprises many alternating layers of the oxide layer and the protective (co)polymer layer on the base (co)polymer layer. The substrate comprises a flexible transparent (co)polymeric film, optionally polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, heat stabilized polyethylene terephthalate, heat stabilized polyethylene naphthalate, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl naphthalene, polyether ether ketone, fluoro(co)polymer, polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate, poly alpha -methyl styrene, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyamide-imide, polyimide and/or polyphthalamide. The base (co)polymer layer comprises a (meth)acrylate smoothing layer. The encapsulated device further comprises an oxide layer applied to the protective (co)polymer layer, optionally where the oxide layer comprises silicon aluminum oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The alkaline component is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of alkaline component with respect to the component (B) and the compound (C) is 0.1-10. The amount of alkaline component, component (B), and compound (C) contained in the etching liquid is 0.3-25 %mass, 0.1-25 %mass, and 0.0001-25 %mass, respectively. The component (B) is 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid or its salt. The compound (C) is a compound having carboxymethyl group or compound chosen from polycarboxylic acid, polysulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid-formalin condensate, polystyrene sulfonate, and/or their salts. The compound (C) is of formula: R1-X (I), or formula (II).R1=4-12C alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, or aryl;X=carboxy or sulfo;n=2 or more;m=1-5;Y0=H;Y1-Y power n=1-30C hydrocarbon;andX1-X power n=H, sulfo, or carboxy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The compound having carboxymethyl group is carboxymethylcellulose salt, and contains monosaccharide as a basic composition unit. Preferred Definitions:    R1=branched alkyl, branched alkenyl, branched alkoxy, or aryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The hollow outer can is made using aluminum or aluminum alloy. The insulating sheet is made using polyolefin. The lithium salt having the oxalate complex as an anion is lithium bis(oxalato)borate. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains lithium difluorophosphate. The non-aqueous electrolyte contains a lithium salt having an oxalate complex as an anion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The insulating sheet: is made by using polyolefin; and has a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm. The flat electrode assembly has its outermost side covered with the separator. The positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator are each elongated. The flat electrode assembly is formed by winding the elongated positive electrode and the elongated negative electrode with the elongated separator, where the winding numbers of each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are greater than or equal to 20, preferably greater than or equal to 40. In the battery, greater than or equal to 90% of the inner surfaces of the outer can and the sealing plate face the insulating sheet. The flat electrode assembly has a wound positive electrode substrate exposed portion (15) formed on its one end, and a wound negative electrode substrate exposed portion (16) formed on its other end, where: the positive electrode substrate exposed portion and the negative electrode substrate exposed portion are each divided into two segments; the two segments of the positive electrode substrate exposed portion is disposed, so that a conductive member held in a resin member is arranged between the two segments; and the two segments of the negative electrode substrate exposed portion is disposed, so that a conductive member held in a resin member is arranged between the two segments.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The outer can is made by using aluminum or aluminum alloy. The lithium salt having the oxalate complex as an anion is lithium bis(oxalato)borate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat-conductive filler is chosen from graphite, carbon black, boron nitride, carbon fiber, silicon carbide and aluminum nitride. The heat-conductive plate has thickness of 1 mm or less. The composite sheets (a) and (b) have thickness of 0.5 mm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composite sheets (a) and (b) comprise 20-45 wt.% piezoelectric material and 20-45 wt.% heat-conductive filler, which are dispersed in a 35-60 wt.% matrix resin. The matrix resin includes thermoplastic elastomer resin chosen from thermoplastic polyurethane and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene. The piezoelectric material comprises polyvinylidene fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary polymer layer comprises polyimide. The secondary polymer layer comprises polyethylene terephthalate. The display device comprises conductive material suspended in an adhesive film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: In the solar cell (C1), the absorber layer comprises 60 atomic% copper and 40 atomic% gallium. The thickness of the back contact layer is 0.3-1 mu m. The buffer layer is n-type. The substrate comprises at least one float glass, borosilicate glass, flexible glass, specialty glass for high temperature processing, stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, molybdenum, polyimide, plastics or cladded metal foils. The front contact interface layer includes intrinsic zinc oxide. The back contact layer comprises molybdenum. The absorber layer comprises sodium. The buffer layer comprises at least one of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, indium sulfide, indium selenide, cadmium zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, zinc or magnesium. The front contact layer comprises at least one of aluminum: zinc oxide, Indium doped tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, boron zinc oxide, gallium zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide or fluorine-doped zinc oxide. In the solar cell (C2), the absorber layer: comprises 33.3 atomic% copper and 66.6 atomic% gallium; has many grain structures which exceed 1 mu m in size; has a graded energy band structure; has a preferred crystal orientation in the (112) direction; and comprises sodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The backing layer is a glass layer. The solar module is a glass-glass system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The heat-activatable adhesive tape comprises an adhesive composition comprising at least one nitrile rubber and at least one phenolic resin. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The isocyanate compound has 2 or more functional groups. The organic layered clay is organic onium-ion modified layered clay, which is ammonium-ion modified layered clay. The ammonium-ion modified layered clay is ammonium-ion modified synthetic mica and/or ammonium-ion modified montmorillonite. The resin composition further comprises organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-vinyl-acetate-type copolymer comprises 5-70 wt.% vinyl acetate and 0.01-10 mol% vinyl alcohol residue units. The laminated component has the layer comprising adhesive agent, and further consists of base material layer comprising coating agent. The base material layer is resin film layer comprising polyester film or fluorine resin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quantity of electron-accepting compound in functional layer is 10-1000 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. high-molecular compound. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): The high-molecular compound is manufactured by dissolving monomer having functional group in organic solvent and polymerizing by aryl coupling reaction in presence of alkali, catalyst and ligand. Preferred Composition: The high-molecular compound has phenanthrenone-containing repeating unit (IIa)-(IIf). EXAMPLE - 100 mL Dry chlorobenzene and 106.3 g 2,7-dibromo-10,10-didodecyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-9-one were mixed under nitrogen gas, and deaerated with argon for 30 minutes. 7.07 mg Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, 8.96 mg tri-tert-butyl phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, and 2 mL 3 M potassium phosphate aqueous solution were added to mixture and heated at 80 degrees C. 5 mL Dry tetrahydrofuran solution of 120 mg 2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-bis(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-1H,2H,4H,5H-pyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole-1,4-dione was added, deaerated under argon for 30 minutes and heated at 80 degrees C for 3 hours. 1.74 g Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate dihydrate and 10 mL ion-exchange water were added and heated at 90 degrees C for 2 hours. The organic layer was washed with ion-exchanges water in 20 mL aqueous solution of 10 wt.% acetic acid, poured into 50 mL methanol and solid was deposited. 8 mL O-dichlorobenzene was dissolved. The obtained solution was poured to 50 mL methanol, and solid was deposited. The mixture was filtered and dried, to obtain 111 mg high-molecular compound having number average molecular weight of 96500 and weight average molecular weight of 729000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: An oil-in-water-type emulsification process and polyether modification process are carried out on the silicone resin in presence of a non-ionic surfactant. Preferred Component: The hydrophilic resin is an acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer includes aluminum material or aluminum alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The inner plastic layer is made of cross-linked polyethylene or polyethylene of raised temperature resistance, and the plate includes synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silica powder in the sealing material is 1-15 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer. The content of organic peroxide is 0.1-3 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymers. Preferred Property: The organic peroxide has 1-minute half life temperature of 100-170 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silane coupling agent, hindered phenol stabilizer, hindered amine light stabilizer, phosphorus stabilizer, ultraviolet absorber, crosslinking adjuvant is 0.1-5 pts. wt., 0.005-0.1 pts. wt., 0.01-2 pts. wt., 0.005-0.5 pt. wt., 0.005-5 pts. wt. and 0.05-5 pt. wt., respectively with respect to 100 pts. wt. ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer has 80-90 mol% structural unit derived from ethylene and 10-20 mol% structural unit derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin and has density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 measured based on 2ASTM D1505 and Shore A hardness of 60-85 measured based on 3ASTM D2240. The sealing material further contains hydrophilic silica powder having specific surface area of 50-500 m2/g measured by BET method, or nonporous silica, hindered phenol stabilizer, silane coupling agent, phosphorus stabilizer, hindered amine light stabilizer, ultraviolet absorber and crosslinking adjuvant and has total light transmittance of 85% or more at wavelength of 350-800 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The film further contains a color pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The polyethylene-type resin (A) has melt flow rate of 0.1-5 g/10 minutes measured by A-type method at 190 degrees C, under load of 21.18N, based on JIS K7210-1995. Preferred Composition: The polyethylene-type resin (A) contains 0.1 or less branch of 5 carbon atoms with respect to 1000 carbon atoms. The film contains 70-90 %mass polyethylene-type resin (A), and 1-30 %mass color pigments with respect to 100 %mass total amount of polyethylene-type resin (A) and color pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The resin container is a resin mixing bucket or resin overflow container.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The passivation agent is added to the resin container in a step of curing excess resin composition of a resin infiltration or transfer molding process. The method comprises adding the passivation agent in the form of a solution into the resin container. Preferred Components: The curing agent comprises a primary or secondary amine. The passivation agent comprises an organic acid. The organic acid comprises at least one hydrophilic substituent preferably hydroxy group. The epoxy resin composition comprises: 100 pts. wt. of the epoxy resin monomer component; 10-40 pts. wt. of a curing agent; and the passivation agent at 2-30 parts per mole of curing agent. The passivation agent or the reaction product is contained in the form of an organic acid, a salt of an organic acid and an amine-based curing agent and/or an amide product between an organic acid and an amine-based curing agent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cooling distributor is made of aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Ratio of the hardness (GPa) of the top of convex part and the hardness (GPa) of the lowest part of recessed part computed by SPM nanoindentation measurement is less than or equal to 0.9, preferably 0.7-0.5. The 10 point average surface roughness (Rz) of the film surface is greater than or equal to 30 mu m. Ratio of the composite elasticity modulus (GPa) of the top of convex part and the composite elasticity modulus (GPa) of the lowest part of recessed part is 0.7-0.4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solvent is an aprotic solvent which includes tetrahydrofuran or dimethoxyethane, or an ionic liquid. The magnesium salt (I) has a molarity of 0.01-4 molar. The electrolyte and the magnesium battery further include: a chelating agent including monoglyme; and an acidic cation additive which is lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride. The magnesium salt (I) includes magnesium polyborane (MgB12H12) and/or magnesium polyborane (MgB11H11). Preferred Method: The method includes filtering the electrolyte material including dissolving the electrolyte material in hot dimethylformamide followed by filtering. The borane material includes decaborane. The magnesium borohydride material includes magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2). The aprotic solvent used in the method includes diglyme. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The primary unit is a unit different from the 0-50 mol% electron-receptor and electron donor.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The electron acceptor is fullerene or its derivative, carbon nanotube or its derivative, basocuproin, semiconductive element or semiconductive compound, preferably 60C fullerene derivative or 70C fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer further contains 0-50 mol% secondary monomer unit of formula (II), 0-40 mol% tertiary monomer unit of formula (III), monomer unit (A) of formula (IV) and monomer unit (B) of formula (V). The primary monomer unit is preferably 1,2-o-dichlorobenzene. The weight ratio of electron acceptor and copolymer is 1:0.5-1:4. The weight ratio of copolymer and 60C fullerene derivative or 70C fullerene derivative is 1:0.5-1:4.s,t=0-4;R8-R13=H, hydroxy, or 1-40C alkyl, 1-40C alkoxy or 1-40C sulfide (all optionally substituted), where adjacent of two substituents forms condensed ring;r,q=0-3;R6,R7,R"=Ra;l=more than 0 to 1;m=1 to 1 or less;l+m=1;andR10,R11=hydroxy, or 1-40C alkyl, 1-40C sulfide or 1-40C alkoxy (all optionally substituted).Preferred Properties: The copolymer has solubility of 100 mg/ml or more, number average molecular weight of 500-1000000 g/mol and molecular weight distribution of 1-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electron acceptor is chosen from fullerene, fullerene derivative, carbon nanotube, carbon nanotube derivative, basocuproin, semiconductive element and/or semiconductive compound, preferably 60C fullerene derivative or 70C fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer contains 0 mol% or more and 50 mol% or less electron-receptor of formula (II)-(IX), and electron donor of formula (XI)-(XXIII) or (XXIV), and further contains thiophene group-containing repeating unit of formula (XXA) or (XXB). The copolymer is of formula: -((A-B')l-(C'-D')m)n- (XXX), preferably of formula (XXXI) or (XXXII). The organic layer contains copolymer, electron donor, and electron acceptor.R2-R5,R,R',R8-R11,R"=R1;or adjacent group of R2-R5,R+R',adjacent group of R8-R11=condensed ring;X1-X3=CRR', NR, O, SiRR', PR, S, GeRR', Se or Te;Y1-Y4=CR, N, SiR, P or GeR;l,m=0-1;l+m=1;n=1-10000;A-D'=electron acceptor or electron donor, where at least one of B', C' and D' is electron acceptor;a=0-4;b=0-6;c=0-8;d,e,q,r=0-3;ands=0-4.Preferred Properties: The copolymer has number average molecular weight of 500-1000000 g/mol and molecular weight distribution of 1-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The glass powder is lead oxide-boron trioxide-silicon dioxide glass system.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic carrier is high molecular resin and solvent. The high-molecular resin is ethyl cellulose and acrylic resin. The solvent is terpineol and butyl alcohol ester.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-aqueous secondary battery comprises positive electrode containing lithium metal complex oxide containing nickel atom and/or manganese atom as material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The enamine compound (I) is of formula (II) or (III). The content of compound (I) is 0.0001-0.1 mol/L.R20-R23=H or alkyl;D,G=H, alkyl, alkoxy or amino;andE=coupling group which is combined with alkylene connection, ether connection or amino connection.Preferred Property: The mean molecular weight of each organic component is 1000 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric compound is of formula (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv). The content of polymeric compound is 0.001-0.5 mol/L.R3,R9=R20;R4=aromatic group, heterocyclyl, nitrile, alkoxy or acyloxy;R5=H, alkyl or cyano;R6=alkyl, alkoxy or amino;R7,R8=H, alkyl or aromatic;X,Y',Z=bivalent coupling group chosen from -O-, -S-, -(C=O)-, -C(=S)-, -NR-, -SO-, -SO2- which can form 5- or 6-membered ring;andR=alkyl or aromatic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of silver powder, inorganic compound powder, carrier and nano powder is 80-90 wt.%, 2-8 wt.%, 5-15 wt.% and 0.2-4 wt.%, respectively. The metal oxide is chosen from bismuth oxide, lead oxide, lead tetraoxide and lead dioxide. The strong alkali is chosen from hydroxide, barium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. The oxidizing agent is chosen from acid, barium chlorate and magnesium chlorate. Preferred Properties: The nano powder has purity of more than 99.99 wt.% and granularity of 10-80 nm. The silver powder has grain diameter of 0.1-1.5 mu m, specific surface area of 1 or more and vibration density of 4 g/cm3 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The carrier comprises 75-95 wt.% water-soluble high-molecular matter and 5-15 wt.% deionized water. The water-soluble polymer is chosen from sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, water soluble polyurethane resin, starch derivatives and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Wedge and groove pad strip are made of diphenyl ether D350. Insulating mechanism comprises two-layer polyimide-polyamide composite material fiber and five-layer mica tape, preferably mica tape-alkali-free glass fiber layer. Middle insulating component comprises aromatic polyimide-polyamide composite fiber material. End part insulating component comprises two-layer aromatic polyimide-polyamide composite fiber material. Coil winding is made of class 200 corona-resistant round copper enamelled wire. End part winding sealing piece and soft end hoop are made of alkali-free glass fiber. Binding rope is made of polyester fiber. Preferred Parameters: Size of mica tape-alkali-free glass fiber layer is 15-20 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst precursor is nickel chloride, nickel acetate, nickel sulfate, nickel acetylacetonate, ferric sulfate, iron acetylacetonate, cobalt chloride, cobalt sulfate, copper chloride, copper sulfate, copper acetate, copper nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, or aluminum nitrate. The alkali is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, or dichloroethane. The phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, or benzyl triethyl ammonium bromide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The non-metal hard material as material and the material of the metal screen are selected from polypropylene, nylon, polyester, polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The copolymer has repeating units preferably of formula (VII) and (VIII).A1,A2=atom chosen from group-16 elements of periodic table;andR6=hydrocarbon having hetero atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The copolymer is manufactured by polymerizing thiophene compound of formula (IV) and compounds of formula (V) and (VI) in presence of a catalyst. EXAMPLE - 160 mg Imide thiophene dibromide, 22.7 mg 4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,6-bis(trimethyl tin)-diethieno(3,2-b:2,3-d) silole, and 62.9 mg 4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,6-bis(trimethyl tin)-diethieno(3,2-b:2,3-d) germole were added into a 50 mL round bottom flask as monomers, under nitrogen atmosphere. 14 mg Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium, 31 mg triphenylphosphine-containing heterogeneous-system palladium complex catalyst, 6.8 mL toluene, and 1.7 mL N,N-dimethylformamide were further introduced into the round bottom flask, and stirred continuously at 90-100 degrees C for 1-10 hours, to obtain a mixture. The obtained mixture was diluted with toluene for 4 times, and stirred at 100 degrees C for 0.5 hour. 0.3 mL Trimethyl(phenyl) tin and 1.5 mL bromobenzene were added into the mixture and stirred at 100 degrees C for 8 hours. The obtained reaction mixture was poured into methanol, precipitated, and filtered, to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was dissolved in chloroform. A diamine silica gel was added into the chloroform solution, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solution was concentrated and recrystallized using chloroform or ethyl acetate as solvent, and filtered, to obtain the copolymer having polydispersity index of 3.8.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The paste composition includes 60-90 wt.% of the conductive powder, 1-10 wt.% of the glass frit, and 7-30 wt.% of the organic vehicle. Preferred Components: A sum of bismuth(III) oxide and lead(II) oxide is 20-70 wt.%. The lead(II) oxide is present at 10-60 wt.%. The glass frit further includes at least one of aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, sodium oxide, boron trioxide, tantalum pentoxide, iron(III) oxide, chromium(III) oxide, cobalt(III) oxide, lithium oxide, lithium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and manganese dioxide. The glass frit has an average particle diameter (D50) of 0.1-5 mu m. The conductive powder includes at least one of silver, gold, palladium, platinum, copper, chromium, cobalt, aluminum, tin, lead, zinc, iron, iridium, osmium, rhodium, tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, magnesium or indium tin oxide (ITO). The additive includes at least one additive consisting of dispersants, thixotropic agents, plasticizers, viscosity stabilizers, antifoaming agents, pigments, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, or coupling agents.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic vehicle includes a cellulose polymer, an acrylic copolymer, a polyvinyl resin, and/or a solvent. EXAMPLE - 4 pts. wt. of glass fit (prepared by mixing 59.2 pts. wt. of lead(II) oxide, 6.7 pts. wt. of bismuth(III) oxide, and 34.1 pts. wt. of tellurium dioxide, melting at 1200 degrees C, and quenching at 25 degrees C) was mixed with 85 pts. wt. of the conductive powder (comprising spherical silver powder with an average particle diameter (D50) of 2 mu m) and 11 pts. wt. of the organic vehicle, obtained by dissolving 1 pts. wt. of ethyl cellulose in 10 pts. wt. of butyl carbitol at 60 degrees C, followed by mixing and dispersing with a 3-roll kneader to obtain a paste composition for solar cell electrodes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The moisture absorbent is alumina, metal oxide, metal salt or phosphorus pentoxide. The moisture absorbent is chosen from phosphorus pentoxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, lithium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cobalt sulfate, gallium sulfate, titanium sulfate, nickel sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, strontium chloride, yttrium chloride, copper chloride, cesium fluoride, tantalum fluoride, niobium fluoride, lithium bromide, calcium bromide, cerium bromide, selenium bromie, vanadium bromide, magnesium bromide, barium iodide, magnesium iodide, barium perchlorate and magnesium perchlorate. The filler is chosen from clay, talc, silica, zeolite, zirconia, titania and montmorillonite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The viscosity of adhesive film is 106 dyne/cm2 or more. Preferred Component: The curing agent is amine-based compound, imidazole system compound, phenolic compound, phosphorus compound or acid anhydride group compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The curing resin has water vapor permeability of 50 g/m2.day or less in the hardening state. Preferred Composition: The curing resin is thermoset resin, photo-curing resin, dual hardened resin or silane change epoxy resin. The curing resin comprises glycidyl group, isocyanate radical, hydroxy group, carboxyl group, amide group, epoxide group, cyclic ether, sulfide group, acetal group and lactone group. The adhesive layer further comprises 1-100 pts. wt. moisture absorbent, 1-50 pts. wt. filler, 1-10 pts. wt. curing agent, initiator and macroresin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell element is back-contact system in which an electrode is positioned at back surface side.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The sealing material sheet (5) has weight average molecular weight of 247000-300000 g/mol based on polystyrene conversion.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The device is hermetically sealed inside the current collectors. It additionally comprises a perimeter seal, where the perimeter seal is bonded between the two current collectors. The device comprises two or more anodes, cathodes, or both. The outer anodes or cathodes are the current collectors. At least one electrode is double-sided, where the double-sided electrode is wrapped in a separator which is sealed around the electrode. All the cathodes are electrically connected and all the anodes are electrically connected. The perimeter seal is selected from ionomer resin, ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), polyolefin, acidified polyolefin, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polyimide, polyamide, epoxy, and polyurethane. The separator is selected from a microporous polyolefin, a ceramic coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and a PVDF separator; the separator is coated with an adhesive layer selected from poly(vinylidene fluoride-co- hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) copolymer, chlorinated polypropylene, and maleic anhydride/polypropylene. It is a polymer selected from polyimides and polyamides, where the polymer is interdispersed with at least one adhesive. It is a polymer selected from crosslinked PVDF and crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The panel comprises a polymer, and the outer current collectors of the electrochemical device are adhesively bonded to the polymer. The panel comprises a composite of resin and reinforcement. A majority of the outer surface of the electrochemical device is encased in the polymer. The electrochemical device and panel are conformed to a surface contour. Preferred Parameters: The separator is from about 10 microns to about 50 microns in thickness. The size of the pores in the separator range from about 30nm to 10 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The carbonyl-group-modification is provided by adding an oxygen atom to the active point on the surface of carbon nanotube and forming carbonyl group. A carboxyl group is formed by adding hydroxyl group to the carbonyl group. The carbon nanotubes are filled with metal, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal sulfide, metal nitride, metal borate, or alloy. The carbon nanotubes have a diameter of 0.01-500 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Medium: The dispersion medium is water and/or organic solvent, preferably water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, t-pentanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, styrene, ethyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and/or engine oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Silica sol is prepared by mixing ethyl orthosilicate, ethyl alcohol, deionized water and concentrated ammonia water at volume ratio of 1:10-25:4-8:1-3. The solid content of silica sol is 4.2-4.7% with colloidal particle diameter of 100-150 nm. Polystyrene microsphere is prepared by mixing potassium persulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate at volume ratio of 1:15-25.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The formation of laminated film preferably involves stretching after applying aqueous dispersion on surface of unstretched film or uniaxial stretched film, and drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The primary substrate is chosen from semiconductors, plastic, metal, ceramic and glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The wall thickness of cured secondary layer is more than 1 mm. The primary curable silicone composition has viscosity of 1-100 Pa.second at 25 degrees C under shear rate of 10 s-1. The secondary curable silicone composition has viscosity of 0.1-200 Pa.second at 25 degrees C under shear rate of 10 s-1. Preferred Composition: The primary curable silicone composition comprises 100 pts. wt. component (A) and 10-50 pts. wt. component (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sheet of polymer film is made of polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The dry-etchable material is made of silica, and titania.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: (I) has an average molecular weight of 300000-700000. (I) is a cationic copolymer of formula (Ia). The inorganic ion salt is prepared using a hydroxide of an alkali metal. The cationic copolymer is prepared from monomers comprising N,N-diethyl acrylamide (DEA), N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA), N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAA), N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMAA) and diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC), which are used alone or in combination of two or more of these monomers. The electrode active material is a silicon-containing electrode active material. The silicon-containing electrode active material is a silicon:nickel:titanium alloy. The ratio of silicon, nickel and titanium is 68:16:16. The binder is contained in an amount of 3-50% based on the total weight of the electrode active material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The film has micro endothermic peak temperature calculated by differential scanning calorimetry of 220 degrees C or more and elongation retention of 50% or more when maintained at 125 degrees C and relative humidity of 100% for 72 hours. Preferred Composition: The ratio of alkali-metal elemental content (ppm) and elemental-phosphorus content (ppm) in polyester resin is 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less. The polyester resin further contains manganese compound with content of manganese element of 300 ppm or less and 100 ppm or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal ion comprises a lithium ion. The gelling compound is a lithium salt. The lithium salt has structure of formula (LiX), where X is an iodide, bromide, chloride, perchlorate, thiocyanate, trifluoromethyl sulfonate or hexafluorophosphate. The composition further comprises lithium chloride and lithium iodide. Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises 0.05 M iodine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further comprises an organic compound capable of complexing with metal ion at multiple sites, and methyl-benzimidazole. The organic compound is selected from poly(4-vinyl pyridine), poly(2-vinyl pyridine), polyethylene oxide, polyurethanes, and polyamides. Preferred Composition: The concentration of the ionic liquid comprising an imidazolium iodide is 90 wt.%. The concentration of the water is 10 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst material comprises 0.01-10 wt.% metal species chosen from copper, yttrium, rhodium, strontium, iron, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, silver, lithium, indium, cobalt, palladium, vanadium, manganese, and lanthanide series element comprising lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and europium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer and separator main component are formed of ceramics.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer comprises cerium-containing complex oxide ((Ce1-xD'x)O2, in which D' is chosen from yttrium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium, and x is 0). The air electrode comprises perovskite-type oxide (AB'O3, in which A is rare-earth element(s) and alkaline-earth element(s), B' is chosen from cobalt, iron and nickel), preferably lanthanum-strontium cobalt oxide ((La,Sr)CoO3), samarium-strontium-cobalt oxide ((Sm,Sr)CoO3), lanthanum-strontium-ferrous oxide ((La,Sr)FeO3), lanthanum-strontium-cobalt-ferrous oxide ((La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3), barium-strontium-cobalt-ferrous oxide ((Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3) and lanthanum-nickel-ferrous oxide (La(Ni,Fe)O3). The separator main component contains at least one type of zirconia stabilized by stabilization material, or a partially stabilized zirconia.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carboxylic anhydride is alicyclic carboxylic anhydride. The resin composition further contains carbodiimide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The non-reactive resin is poly(meth)acrylate, urethane (meth)acrylate, its cured material, polyester, polyvinyl ester, polyolefin, polystyrene, epoxy resin hardened material, polycarbodiimide and copolymers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The barrier layer consists of an aluminum foil to which chromium-based chemical conversion treatment is not performed on the barrier layer, and aluminum foil boehmite coating formed on the surface.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal-deposited layer is an aluminum foil layer. The white pigment is titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 0.1-1 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acetylene glycol-type compound is of formula (I). The active layer contains copolymer including repeating unit of formula (IIA), and repeating unit of formula (IIB). The copolymer is a copolymer including repeating unit of formula (III). The coating liquid contains 0.001-10 wt.% acetylene glycol-type compound.R1-R4=alkyl group (optionally substituted);m,n=0-60;A=atom chosen from XVI group elements;R5=hydrocarbyl optionally having hetero atom;Q=atom chosen from XIV group elements;R6,R7=H, halo or hydrocarbyl optionally having hetero atom;andor R6+R7=ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electronic taking-out layer contains zinc oxide or titanium oxide. Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion element has a structure in which a base material (106), a cathode (101) which is one of the electrode, electronic taking-out layer, active layer and an anode (105) which is other of the electrode are sequentially arranged.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer includes repeating unit of formula (III).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The melting point of compound (I) or (II) is 35 degrees C or more in 1 atmosphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The p-type-semiconductor compound is a copolymer having a repeating unit of formula (IIIA) and a repeating unit of formula (IIIB), or a copolymer having a repeating unit of formula (IV).A=atom chosen from group XVI element of periodic table;R3-R5=hydrocarbyl optionally having heteroatom;andQ=atom chosen from group XIV element of periodic table. Preferred Definitions:    R2=halo, carbonyloxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl, or heteroaryl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The copolymer is copolymer including repeating unit of formula (II).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coloring agent (C) is white coloring agent chosen from calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness (TF) of light-receiving surface side sealing sheet is 100-1000 mu m, and the thickness (TB) of back surface side sealing sheet is 85-500 mu m. The melt flow rate of ethylene copolymer (B) is smaller than the melt flow rate of an ethylene copolymer (A).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The paper, fabric mesh, glass fabric, glass fiber fabric, glass mat, glass fleece, textile fabric, aramid (high strength, high modulus fiber), Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluoroethylene), carbon fiber, carbon fabric, carbon flow, carbon mats are useful as support material. The epoxide resin, phenolic resin, melamine resin, cyanate ester, polyester resin, polyamide resin, vinyl ester resin or polyimide resin are used as crosslinking substance. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The device comprise polymer micro-balls consist of non-cross-linked duromers, polymers or elastomers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler contains alumina or boron nitride. The amount of inorganic filler is 0.5-20 %mass with respect to total mass of the adhesive agent. The adhesive agent further contains electroconductive particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The radically-polymerizable compound contains vinyl compound having a phosphoric acid group. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from phenoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyester-urethane resin, butyral resin, acrylic resin, and polyimide resin. The circuit component connection structure material further consists of a base material. The primary surface of the base material contains polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, or polyethylene naphthalate, and the secondary surface of the base material contains polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate. Preferred Property: The thermoplastic resin has glass transition temperature of 200 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of electron-accepting compound in the functional layer is 10-1000 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of high-molecular compound. The electron-accepting compound is fullerene derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): Benzodithiophen-4-one compound of formula (C) and 4-oxa-1,8-dithia-as-indacene of formula (D) are subjected to Stille coupling reaction, to obtain high-molecular compound. Preferred Compound: The high-molecular compound contains repeating unit of formula (I).T=R. EXAMPLE - 158 mg Tributyl(8,8-didodecyl-4-(tributylstannyl)-7-oxa-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-11-yl)stannane and 100 mg 4,11-dibromo-8,8-didodecyl-3,12-dithiatricyclo(7.3.0.02,6)dodeca-1(9),2(6),4,10-tetraen-7-one were dissolved in 9 ml toluene, toluene solution was bubbled with argon for 30 minutes, 3.9 mg tris(2-tolyl)phosphine and 2 mg tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium were added to toluene solution, stirred at 100 degrees C for 6 hours, 20 mg phenyltrimethyl tin was added to the reaction liquid, reacted for 3 hours, 100 mg phenyl bromide was added to reaction mixture, stirred for 5 hours, cooled to 25 degrees C, poured into methanol 200 ml, filtered, precipitated, extracted with methanol, acetone and hexane for 5 hours using Soxhlet extractor, 10 mL o-dichlorobenzene, 0.12 g sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and 2 mL water were added, stirred for 8 hour, organic layer was washed with 50 ml of water, resultant solution was poured into methanol, filtered, dried and purified, to obtain 74 mg polymer having weight average molecular weight of 72000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conjugated diene is chosen from conjugated diene-type polymer or its hydride, its urethane modified hydride, its maleic acid modified polymer, copolymer of 4-8C conjugated diene and aromatic vinyl-type compound or its hydride. The resin layer (1) further contains 20-80 %mass polyphenylene ethers as resin component. A flame retardant and/or weatherproofing agent is mixed with resin composition of resin layer (1). The resin composition of layer (1) contains 80 %mass or less 2-20C olefin hydrocarbon homopolymers, copolymer of 2-20C olefin hydrocarbon and other monomer, copolymer of polystyrene, homopolymer of 4-8C conjugated diene, copolymer of 4-8C conjugated diene and another monomer or its hydride, or copolymer of 4-8C conjugated diene and aromatic vinyl-type compound or its hydride. The resin layer (2) further contains 1-40 parts mass white inorganic pigments with respect to 100 mass parts of resin components containing 50-99 %mass polyvinylidene fluoride and 1-50 %mass polymethyl methacrylate. The multilayer sheet further contains another resin layer comprising ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as resin component, is laminated on resin layer (1). Preferred Process: The adhesive resin layer is fused to resin layer (1) and resin layer (2) by co-extruding method at 130-260 degrees C. Preferred Properties: The thickness of resin layer (1) is 50-500 mu m. The thickness of resin layer (2) and thickness of adhesive resin layer are 5-50 mu m, respectively. The resin layer (1) and resin layer (2) have melt flow rates of 0.5-25 g/10 minutes, respectively, and the adhesive resin layer has melt flow rate of 0.1-50 g/10 minutes, measured according to JIS K 7210 under 2.16 kg load at 230 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive functional group is chosen from acrylate group, methacrylate group, isocyanato group, alkyl-dichloro silyl group, trichloro silyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, styryl group, hydroxyl group and dihydroxyl group. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises cyclic carbonate having unsaturated bond, cyclic carbonate having fluorine atom, acid anhydride, isocyanate, nitrile, monofluorophosphate, difluorophosphate, lithium bis(oxalate)borate or lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The compound (A) comprises polymer chain having reactive functional group. The content of compound (A) is 0.01-10 %mass. Preferred Process: The polymer chain is obtained from monomer chosen from acrylic ester or its derivative(s), methacrylic ester or its derivative(s), acrylonitrile or its derivative(s), styrene or its derivative(s) or polymer chain which has silicone(polysiloxane) structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of agent (A) added during electrolysis of water and wastewater is 0.5:1000-0.5:900. The agent (A) comprises 19-21 parts mass aluminum sulfate, and 29-31 parts mass aluminum chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The agent (B) comprises 1.8-2.2 pts. wt. polyacrylamide, and 4.9-5.2 pts. wt. sodium silicate. The mass ratio of agent (B) added during electrolysis of water and wastewater is 1000:0.5-900:0.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Insulating heat-conducting particles are aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, zinc oxide, beryllium oxide, and/or silicon carbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Crosslinking agent is toluene diisocyanate trimer, isophorone diisocyanate trimer, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer, and/or hexamethylene diisocyanate. Solvent is butanone, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and/or dimethylbenzene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Heat insulating layer has thickness of 50-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOLOGY - Preferred Components: The carboxymethyl cellulose is maize, wheat, rice or straw reed.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carboxymethyl starch is corn starch or cassava starch. The oxidized starch is tapioca starch. The cross-linking agent is epoxy chloropropane, phosphorus oxychloride and sodium trimetaphosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Components: The lithium ion batteries contain anode, cathode and electrolyte. The cathode comprises solid solution composite material (I) and further comprises conductive additive and polymeric binder comprising salt comprising Li+ cations. The anode comprises compound selected from lithium-carbon intercalation compound, lithium-silicon intercalation compound, lithium-transition metal oxides, lithium-transition metal nitrides or lithium-titanium spinel compound. The adhesive agent of cathode material is polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF). The conductive additive is selected from Super P, carbon black, carbon nanotubes or graphene. The polymeric binder is selected from homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene-propylene-dieneterpolymer, polyether, polyester, methylmethacrylate-based polymer, acrylonitrile-based polymer or vinylidene fluoride-based polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: LiMVO4 (Ia) and LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (Ib) are prepared respectively by method selected from solid-phase ball milling, sol-gel method, spray drying method, coprecipitation, combustion synthesis or hydrothermal method. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The non-electrically conductive dielectric oil has a polydimethylsiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The contact strip is formed of electrically conductive film made of copper, tinned copper, silver, gold, aluminum, zinc, tungsten and/or tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The rechargeable battery is provided as a lithium polymer battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic filler comprises wollastonite, silicate mineral, metal oxide, metal salt, and/or glass microsphere.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic comprises polyurethane. The organic filler comprises aramide fiber, crystalline paraffin or fat, powder based on polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, a urea-formaldehyde composition, and/or cork. The adhesion of member with module is achieved with silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The seal is made of Teflon (RTM: PTFE).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises adding 0.2-25 pts. wt. orthosilicate compound, based on 100 pts. wt. titanium dioxide precursor mixture. The step S1, S2 or S3 further comprises ultrasonically dispersing for mixing uniformly. The heat treating step is performed at 150-250 degrees C and pressure of 5-20 bars. Preferred Components: The orthosilicate compound is provided in silicon dioxide around titanium dioxide particles or clusters. The silicon dioxide is in contact with titanium dioxide particles or clusters. The optical electrode comprises 0.2-25 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, based on 100 pts. wt. titanium dioxide. EXAMPLE - 284 g Titanium isopropoxide, 60 g acetic acid and 3 g Triton X-100 (RTM: Nonionic surfactant) were dissolved in 200 g 2-propanol, 5.4 g tetraethyl orthosilicate was added, mixed, added dropwise into distilled water for 60 minutes and heat treated at 200 degrees C and 15 bars for 15 hours. Then solvent was removed from resulted emulsion, and then 25 wt.% ethanol, terpinol and ethyl cellulose were added and ultrasonically dispersed for 40 minutes to obtain electrode paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The cathode electrode comprises doped or undoped cubic spinel lambda manganese dioxide type material or sodium manganese oxide tunnel structured orthorhombic material. The anode electrode comprises phospho-olivine material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode electrode comprises activated carbon and titanium oxide material. The electrolyte comprises sodium ions.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon catalyst granules have tap density of 0.1-2.5 g/cm3, and BET specific surface area of 20-2000 m2/g. Preferred Composition: The carbon catalyst (a) is obtained by mixing carbon material and compound (e) chosen from nitrogen element and base metal element, heat-processing carbon material containing carbon particle derived from inorganic carbon material and/or heat-processing organic material containing carbon particles. The compound (e) is complex or salt containing base metal element, preferably phthalocyanine-type compound, naphthalocyanine-type compound, porphyrin-type compound and/or tetraazaannulene-type compound. The hydrophilic functional group is sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, phosphoric acid group and/or hydroxyl group. The composition further contains hydrophilic oxide particles containing oxide of element chosen from aluminum, silicon, titanium, antimony, zirconium and tin, and dispersing agent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin having hydrophilic functional group is resin having proton-conductivity.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred composition: The amount of inorganic particles in layer (P1) is 0.1-30 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred composition: The lamination sheet further has layer (P2) comprising low crystalline soft polymer, acryl-type adhesive agent, and ethylene vinyl-acetate-type copolymer as main structural component between layer (P1) and layer (P3). The layer (P2) further comprises 0.1-20 %mass polyolefin-type elastomer. Preferred Properties: The thickness of layer (P2) is 15-50 mu m. The melting point of olefin resin of layer (P3) is 120-155 degrees C. Preferred Component: The solar cell component has lamination sheet and sealing material (2) located in the surface side of the layer (P3) of lamination sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 1,4-bis(isocyanate methyl)cyclohexane content of bis(isocyanate methyl)cyclohexane is 5 mol% or more. The trans-isomer ratio of 1,4-bis(isocyanate methyl)cyclohexane is 80-93 mol%. The monomer component further contains methyl (meth)acrylate and 2-8C alkyl (meth)acrylate, and the content rate of 2-8C alkyl (meth)acrylate is 20-90 %mass with respect to total amount of methyl (meth)acrylate and 2-8C alkyl (meth)acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The numbers of average isocyanate groups of polyisocyanate composition is 3-4.5. The alcoholic active hydrogen group-containing compound is acrylic polyol obtained by copolymerizing monomer component containing hydroxyl-group containing (meth)acrylate and copolymerizable vinyl monomer copolymerizable with hydroxyl-group containing (meth)acrylate, and the copolymerizable vinyl monomer contains 10-50 %mass aromatic vinyl with respect to monomer component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluororesin is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-type copolymer. The resin (A) is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene type copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductive glass substrate comprises a transparent conductive oxide thin film layer, which can be a transparent metal oxide thin film material such as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide stannic oxide or arsenic zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and barium sulphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The surrounding edge of the two assemblies can be fixed by an outer frame is made of aluminum, zinc-coated steel sheet. The reflective layer is selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, chromium, and Teflon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The synthesized materials is selected from polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene propylene rubber. The transparent back sheet of light-emitting lighting assembly is glass substrate or plastic substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, polyethylene (PE) substrate, porcelain/ceramic (PC) substrate or polyurethane (PU) substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer adhesive layer is made of silicone compound. The optical element is made of silica glass compound. The carrier is made of ceramic compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The secondary optical element includes quartz glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The adhesive layer includes plastic such as silicone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The material contained in layer of the separator of each positive electrode has a grammage of 30-60 gm-2 and an electric resistance of less than 0.05 ( Omega )cm-2. The non woven containment layer of the negative electrodes has a grammage of 10-16 gm-2 and a thickness of 0.06-0.12 mu m. Preferred Composition: The connection elements contain lead-based alloys with a tin content of 0.5-5%. The negative plates contain lead alloy comprising tin in an amount of 0.8-1.3% and calcium in an amount of 0.03-0.07%. The negative plates contain negative mass containing at least two organic expanders and carbon-based materials, in the form of carbon black, activated carbon and/or graphite in an amount of 0.3-1. The flags (38) of the electrodes (22) and/or (28) are coated with lead and tin alloy which extends for a height of at least 3 mu m starting from the upper end of such flags. In coating alloy the minimum quantity of tin is 40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nucleating portion contains solidified thermal storage material (SM) and/or resin component. The solidified thermal storage material (SM) is dispersed in resin component (P) as a fine piece.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive aluminum dispersion paste further contains silica particles and/or resin. The silica particles are hydrophobic silica particles. The content of the aluminum powder with respect to total mass of electroconductive aluminum dispersion paste excluding organic solvent is 87-99 %mass. The content of glass powder with respect to total mass of electroconductive aluminum dispersion paste excluding organic solvent is 0.2-9 %mass. The content of dispersing agent with respect to total mass of electroconductive aluminum dispersion paste excluding organic solvent is 0.2-6 %mass. The glass powder is glass powder with a glass transition temperature of 400 degrees C or more. The content of silica particles with respect to total mass of electroconductive aluminum dispersion paste excluding organic solvent is 0.1-1 %mass. Preferred Property: The number average particle diameter of primary particles of the silica particles is 7-12 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is acrylic resin or cellulosic resin. The content of resin with respect to total amount of dispersing agent and resin is 0.2-6 %mass. The content of dispersing agent with respect to total amount of dispersing agent and resin is 10-90 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The sealing material sheet is crosslinked by irradiating ionizing radiation. Preferred Property: The sealing material sheet (B) has polystyrene conversion weight average molecular weight of 247000-300000 g/mol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An organic contact-bonding layer (2) is formed between layer (1) and layer (3). The water vapor-barrier layer further contains oxygen atom whose content is 1.6-2 times with respect to content of silicon atoms. Preferred Properties: The transparent film has total light transmittance of 70-85% during initial stage and after treating at 85 degrees C for 1000 hours, and water-vapor permeability of 0.1 g/m2.day or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating composition comprises release agent, fire retardant additives, ultraviolet-stabilizer, water-based binder, 5-20 wt.% opacifier, and additives which accelerate ultraviolet-destruction of resultant film. The opacifier is chosen from titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, talc, carbon black and expanded thermoplastic microspheres. The composition is pigmented with a yellow, green, orange or red pigment for providing readily noticeable color against the color of a typical roof (4). Preferred Properties: The composition is not electrically conductive.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-based binder is chosen from water-soluble polymers, dispersions, emulsions, and lattices.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The ultraviolet absorber is compound chosen from benzoxazine-based ultraviolet absorber or triazine-based ultraviolet absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent contains polymer containing an oxazoline group or carbodiimide group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The solar cell back sheet has adhesive strength between sealing materials while laminating the vapor deposition layer and sealing materials, of more than 20 N/cm at 115-175 degrees C, preferably more than 40 N/cm. The thickness of the layer (A) is 400 mu m or less. The thickness of layer (B) is 5-250 mu m. The thickness of layer (C) is 1-400 mu m. The solar cell backsheet has water-vapor permeability of 0.001-1 g/m2.day at 40 degrees C with relative humidity of 90%, and adhesive strength between the layers (A and B) and adhesive strength between the layers (B and C) are more than 5 N/cm. Preferred Process: The solar cell backsheet is obtained by carrying out extrusion lamination process between layer (A) and layer (C) by extruding resin-containing material having the layer (B).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Film has humidity expansion coefficient of less than or equal to 15 ppm (%RH). Retardation of the surface direction of polyimide film is less than or equal to 10 nm. Surface roughness (Ra) of the side on which the transparent conductive thin film of a polyimide film is laminated is less than or equal to 5 nm. Preferred Compositions: Polyimide in polyimide film of single layer or multiple layers contains structural unit (a) of formula (1) and structural unit (b) of formula (2) with mole ratio a:b of 50:50-99:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The wiping surface is formed from an silicone resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate unit (a1) having epoxy group is glycidyl-methacrylate unit. The (meth)acrylate unit (a2) having carboxyl group is methacrylic acid unit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer is obtained by copolymerizing (meth)acrylate unit (a1) having epoxy group and (meth)acrylate unit (a2) having carboxyl group. The polymer further comprises (meth)acrylate unit (a3) providing homopolymer having glass transition temperature of 0 degrees C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crosslinking agent is organic peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ethylene-polar monomer copolymer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The composition further comprises crosslinking adjuvant and/or silane coupling agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene terephthalate comprises 0-15 mol% isophthalic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The polyester film has longitudinal direction-thermal contraction rate and width direction-thermal contraction rate of 5-20%, respectively after heating at 160 degrees C for 15 minutes. The polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate have trans-esterification index of 1-10%, respectively. The draw ratio along longitudinal direction is 2-4. The draw ratio along width ratio is 3-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The particles of load are inorganic particles consisting of particles of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, calcium phosphate, zeolite, hydroxyapatite, aluminum silicate and their mixtures.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light stabilizer comprises UV absorbers of standard triazine and their mixtures.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Method: The photochemically curable adhesive is at least partially applied on a first component of the fuel cell and on a third component of the fuel cell. The three components are joined together and the photochemically curable adhesive is cured. The photochemically curable adhesive is pre-cured and cured using ultraviolet radiation and/or infrared radiation. The component, which is coated with the photochemically curable adhesive, is masked prior to the photochemical pre-curing of the photochemically curable adhesive so that at least two component regions are irradiated with different radiation intensity for the photochemical pre-curing of the photochemically curable adhesive. The photochemically curable adhesive is applied on at least one component by means of screen printing. Preferred Components: The first component of the fuel cell is designed as a first frame member of a membrane-electrode arrangement. The third component of the fuel cell is designed as second frame member of the membrane-electrode arrangement. The second component of the fuel cell is positioned between the first component and the third component, after the photochemical pre-curing of the photochemically curable adhesive. The second component is designed as a catalyst-coated membrane of the membrane-electrode arrangement. The radiation arrangement comprises at least one radiation source, which is designed as a light emitting diode and/or at least a tubular radiation source. At least one radiation source is formed as a radiation source radiating an ultraviolet radiation and/or a radiation source radiating the infrared radiation. The application unit is formed as a screen printing unit. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises copper and nickel. The particles comprise silicon, germanium, tin, a transition metal oxide, lithium metal phosphate and lithium metal oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The particles comprise a conductive polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode active material comprises lithium transition metal oxide of formula (Li1+zNibMncM1-(b+c)O2) (II). The lithium compound is at least one lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate. The amount of silane-based compound based on the total weight of the electrolytic solution is 0.5-5 wt.%. Preferred Method: The improved high temperature property is achieved by eluting the silane-based electrolyte material with the metals of anode active material, trapping transition metal ions by a separator or preventing the functional groups from being deposition on cathode surface.z = -0.5 to 0.5; eitherb = 0.3-0.9;c = 0.1-0.8; orb+c = less than or equal to 1; andM = Co, Al, Mg, Ti, Sr, Zn, B, Ca, Cr, Si, Ga, Sn, P, V, Sb, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Zr, Y or Fe, preferably Co.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The electrolytic solution is mixture of non-linear carbonate-based solvent and cyclic carbonate. EXAMPLE - Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide of formula (LiNi0.78Mn0.11Co0.11O2) (III), Denka black (RTM: Carbon black) and polyvinylidene fluoride were added in a weight ratio of 95:2.5:2.5 into N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, which was further added with 0.5 wt.% hexamethyldisilazane and mixed to obtain the anode composite mixture. The anode composite mixture was coated on 20 mu m thick aluminum foil with 200 mu m thickness, rolled and dried to obtain electrode. The electrode was punched into coin-shape, lithium metal or carbon anode was dissolved in lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte and coin-type battery was fabricated using electrolytic solution to obtain lithium secondary battery.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The chip is selected from one of a single-crystal silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar battery, a silicon thin film solar cell, a five-group compound solar cell, a dye-sensitized solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell and a copper-indium-selenium solar battery. The infrared light absorbing layer is made of metal oxide and metal that is selected from one of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, niobium, cobalt, nickel and tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: Glass fiber is alkali-free glass fiber, glass fiber surface mat, and/or glass fiber fabric.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Aluminum foil is foil formed from aluminum, aluminum alloy, silver, or silver alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Silicone resin is silicone resin mixture. Back film contains 20-55% glass fiber, 10-30% aluminum, and balance silicone resin mixture in which the ordered assembly is silicone resin mixture layer, glass fiber layer, silicon resin mixture layer, aluminum foil layer, and silicone resin mixture layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transition metal is nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron, copper and oxides.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The conductive agent is carbon black or carbon nano tube. The bonding agent is polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrenebutadiene rubber and poly-acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The interior space is filled with the hydrogen gas through metal hub component. The liner has large thickness of region adjacent to the hub component compared with the thickness of another region. Preferred Properties: The drum region of liner has bending strength of 125 MPa or more and bending elastic modulus of 20 GPa or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of the hydroscopic agent and filler is 20-60 pts. wt. and 50-200 pts. wt., respectively with respect to 100 pts. wt. of the polyisobutylene. The filler contains talc, kaolin clay or carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ratio of the silane modified polyolefin is 15-45 pts. wt. with respect to 100 pts. wt. of the polyisobutylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor is metal oxide. The composition comprises combination of n-type semiconductor and anionic polymer, or combination of p-type semiconductor and cationic polymer. n-Type semiconductor comprises titanium oxide particles. The composition further contains ruthenium complex pigment. Preferred Substrate: The conductive substrate is plastic substrate in which the conductor layer is formed. Preferred Property: The thickness of photoelectric converting layer is 0.1-100 mu m. Preferred Element: The photoelectric conversion element has photoelectric converting layer containing pigment as electrode interposed between the laminate, counter electrodes arranged by facing the electrode, and electrolyte layer by which the sealing process is carried out. The counter electrode has porous layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: Anionic polymer is strongly acidic ion exchange resin, and has pH of less than 7 at 25 degrees C. The content of ionic polymer is preferably 0.2-1 pts. wt. with respect to 1 pt. wt. semiconductor. The ionic polymer is fluorine-containing resin having sulfo group, and has pH of 3 or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The photoelectric conversion element consists of laminated material as an electrode, counter electrode, and an electrolyte layer which is interposed between electrodes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor is titanium oxide nanoparticle. The pigment is a ruthenium complex pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ionic polymer is anionic polymer containing strongly acidic ion-exchange resin and having pH of 5 or more at 25 degrees C. The content of ionic polymer is 0.25-15 pts. wt., preferably 0.5-8 pts. wt. with respect to 1 pts. wt. semiconductor. The strongly acidic ion-exchange resin is fluorine-containing resin having a sulfo group, with pH of 6 or more. The composition further contains a pigment. The conductive substrate is a plastic substrate. The thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer is 0.1-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The second pouch layer is made of nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate or polybutylene naphthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The carrier particle is magnetite. The magnetite particles with octyl phosphoric acid are hydrophobic. The carrier particle is made of polystyrene and used metal compound carrier particle is silver oxide, copper sulfide and molybdenum sulfide. The hydrophobic metal compound carrier particle is potassium ethyl xanthate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The layer is formed of composite metal oxide containing types of metals selected from iron, copper, nickel, chromium, bismuth, manganese, strontium, yttrium and aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The resin component includes polyolefin resin such as high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, (meth) acrylic-type resin, PVC resin, polystyrene-type resin, polyvinylidene chloride type resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified compound, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate-type resin, fluorine resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, film or sheet such as polyvinyl acetate type resin, acetal type-resin, polyester-based resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide-type resin and polyphenylene-ether resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains aluminum-containing compound of formula (II), and polyalkylene glycol compound of formula (III), fatty acid amide chosen from fatty acid amide compound of formula: R9CONH2 (IV), fatty acid amide compound of formula: R9CONH-R10-NHCOR9 (V), fatty acid amide compound of formula: R9NHCO-R10-CONHR9 (VI), and fatty acid amide compound of formula: R9CONH-R10-N(R11)2 (VII), and organic filler chosen from acrylic resin, cellulosic resin and polystyrene resin.R2=1-8C alkyl;n=0-3;X2,X3=O or methylene;R3-R5=H or 1-8C alkyl;R6,R7=H or alkyl;R8=alkylene;n=3 or more;R9,R11=1-30C alkyl or 2-30C alkenyl;andR10=1-10C alkylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The liquid electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent. The lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrachloroaluminate, lithium iodide, lithium bromide, lithium thiocyanate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium tetraphenylborate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium triflate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) and/or lithium hexafluorophosphate. The gel electrolyte includes first and second opposed major faces shaped to engage spaced apart and confronting inner faces of the negative electrode and the positive electrode for the electrochemical battery cell of the lithium ion battery, where the first and second major faces define a thickness of the gel electrolyte of 5-200 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent comprises at least one of a cyclic carbonate, an acyclic carbonate, an aliphatic carboxylic ester, a gamma -lactone, an acyclic ether and/or a cyclic ether.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polyamide block units comprise poly(caprolactam) block units. The poly(terephthalate)ester block units comprise poly(ethylene terephthalate) block units or poly(butylene terephthalate) block units. The block copolymer host is of formula (-(R1-NH-C(=O))m-(CxH2x-O)n-) (I) or polyester of formula (II).R1 = 1-16C alkylene, preferably pentylene moiety;x = 1-6, preferably 2;m = 6-5000;n, y = 6-5000;R3 = 2-16C alkylene, preferably -CH2-CH2-; andA1 = -CxH2x-.The gel electrolyte has a thickness of 5-200 mu m, preferably 10-100 mu m. The gel electrolyte further comprises: physically blended poly(alkylene oxide) with the block co-polymer host, where the liquid electrolyte is absorbed into the block co-polymer host and the physically blended poly(alkylene oxide); and ceramic particles or polymer particles. The poly(alkylene oxide) block units are poly(ethylene oxide) block units.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No preparation method is given. EXAMPLE - 1 g Poly(styrene-block-isoprene) was dissolved in 25 ml chloroform. Then 2 ml hydrogen peroxide and 25 ml formic acid were added to the obtained solution and the obtained mixture was stirred for 7 hours at 50 degrees C. Then obtained poly(styrene-block-2-hydroxymethyl-butylene acrylate) was dissolved in a mixture of dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran, and the obtained solution was cooled to 0 degrees C. Then 1.4 ml triethylamine was added to the solution and then the solution was stirred for 10 minutes. Then 0.8 ml ethyl chloroformate was added to the solution. Then the solution was stirred for 10 minutes at 0 degrees C and then continuously for 30 minutes at 25 degrees C. Then the reagent was filtered and a solution of 0.8 g histamine dissolved in 5 ml dimethylformamide was added to the filtered reagent to obtain the block copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The graphite includes natural graphite, artificial graphite and/or soft carbon. The hard carbon includes resin hard carbon, plant-based hard carbon and/or asphalt-type hard carbon, or formed by modifying hard carbon-carbon surface layer. Preferred Properties: The particles of cathode active material composition have average particle diameter of 2-60 microns and specific surface area of ??2-30 m2/g. The aluminum foil has thickness of 8-25 microns. The conductive carbon layer has thickness of 0-10 microns.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substrate is made of glass, stainless steel and one kind of polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solar cell has laminated structure of crystalline silicon layer, amorphous silicon layer formed on the crystalline silicon layer, and transparent conductive film formed on the amorphous silicon layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The lithium metal oxide has internal porosity of 5-15%, particle diameter size of 3-8 mu m, and BET specific surface area of 1-15 m2/g. Primary particles of lithium metal oxide have average particle diameter of 100-400 nm. The negative active material has particle size distribution of 5-30 mu m and specific surface area of 1-30 m2/g. Preferred Composition: Lithium metal oxide is preferably lithium-containing titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12, LiTi2O4, Li2TiO3 and Li2Ti3O7).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer material is polypyrrole, poly(3,4-etheylenedioxythiophene) or polyaniline. The total weight of polymeric material and lithium metal oxide is 0.1-10 wt.%. The content of binder and conductive material in the slurry for negative active material is 0.1-10 wt.% and 1-10 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The noble metal consists of 1% of platinum, and the metal oxide consists of 1% of tin oxide. The carbon sublayer comprises acetylene black or synthetic graphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The second electron acceptor includes a fullerene derivative having a fullerene core of an optically symmetric structure, and the third electron acceptor includes a fullerene derivative having a fullerene core of an optically asymmetric structure. The fullerene derivatives of the second and third electron acceptors have a common functional group. The second electron acceptor includes one of fullerene-C60, PC60 BM, and/or IC60 BA. The third electron acceptor includes fullerene-C70, PC70BM, and/or IC70BA.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anion is CF3SO3-, ClO4-, BF4-, and TESI-. The polymer material comprises poly (vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) (PVDC-AN).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is selected from stainless steel, carbon steel, iron-chromium group alloy, iron-copper group alloy, aluminum based metal or titanium group metal. The bottom electrode layer includes molybdenum, nickel, copper, niobium, silicon, titanium, tungsten or chromium. The board comprises a diffusion barrier layer between the lower plate and bottom electrode layer. The diffusion barrier includes titanium, chromium, nickel, aluminum, zinc, molybdenum or silicon. The light absorption layer is formed by depositing cadmium ion in presence of ammonia, cadmium acetate, cadmium sulfoxide, ammonium acetate and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is also selected from polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The electrochemical unit further comprises a shaped insulating layer positioned between the first polymer layer and at least one overlying polymer layer, where the overlying polymer layer corresponds to the surface form of the shaped insulating layer such that the pouch face is contoured for engaging with the face of similar unit. The pouch face is contoured to form at least a channel, continuous across the pouch face, when two pouches are placed in face to face contact during assembly into the vehicle battery. The pouch faces are generally rectangular and bounded by pairs of opposing edges and the thermoelectric units are elongated rectangles which lie generally parallel to first pair of opposing edges and have a length sufficient to substantially extend from a first edge of the second pair of edges to a second end of the second pair of edges. The thermoelectric device is adhesively attached to the exterior surface of a housing face or in a housing face. The first junctions of the device are coplanar with the interior face of the module and in thermal communication with a pouch face. The first junction of the device is in thermal communication with the module and the second junction is in thermal communication with a flowing fluid. The module further comprises a structure comprising fins, where structure is attached to the second junction to promote enhanced heat flow. The faces of abutting modules are adapted to form passages for flow of fluid across their faces when the abutting module faces are brought into contact. The modules further comprise an electrical bus bar to convey electricity for powering the thermoelectric array from a first module to an abutting module.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating layer further includes pigment. The back surface protection sheet further has aluminum foil or base film (b), adhered on one side of the base film (a). The base film (b) is a base film containing inorganic oxide vapor deposition layer or colored base film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of the acryl-type copolymer, isocyanate compound and epoxy compound is 30 parts mass, 1-20 parts mass and 0.1-15 parts mass, respectively. The base film contains polyester-based resin. The epoxy compound (C) is a mixture of epichlorohydrin addition product of polyhydric alcohol having repeating unit (I) and epichlorohydrin addition product of the polyhydric alcohol which does not have repeating unit (I). The aluminum foil or base film (b) is adhered on one side of the base film (a) using adhesive agent containing coating agent composition. Preferred Property: The thickness of the aluminum foil has 9-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silane coupling agent is added to a sealing resin. The photoelectric converting layer makes a photoactive layer that authenticates crystalline silicon semiconductor layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The back surface protection element is made of a glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal atom in metal oxide (A) is aluminum atom.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The surface of thermoplastic elastomer layer of laminated film and surface of the steam barrier film is subjected to corona discharge-treatment. The laminated film and steam-barrier film are laminated by hot-laminating method. Preferred Composition: The acrylic-ester unit is acrylic acid n-butyl unit. Preferred Component: The steam-barrier film contains base material, and steam barrier-layer laminated on base material. The steam barrier-layer comprises reaction product (R) obtained by reacting metal oxide (A) and phosphorus compound (B). Preferred Property: The wavenumber (n1) at which infrared absorption high in the infrared absorption spectrum of steam-barrier layer at 800-1400 cm-1 is 1080-1130 cm-1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The layer (A) further contains zinc compound and aluminum oxide. The silicon-containing compound is silicon oxide (SiOx), where x is 1-2. The zinc compound is zinc oxide. The concentration of zinc, silicon, aluminum and oxygen in layer (A) is respectively 20-40 atomic%, 5-20 atomic%, 0.5-5 atomic% and 35-70 atomic%, measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrochemical analysis.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyisocyanate is aliphatic polyisocyanate and/or alicyclic-type polyisocyanate. The resin which forms the polymeric base material layer is polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate. Preferred Layer: The solar cell surface protection sheet further has layer(s) containing fluorine resin having fluorine atom in repeating structure. Preferred Property: The solar cell surface protection sheet has transmittance (T1) of 85% at 600 nm, and transmittance (T2) of 5% or less at 360 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The battery case comprises aluminum, stainless steel or its alloy. The secondary battery further comprises nickel plating layer provided in outer and inner surface of battery case.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte is nonaqueous electrolyte comprising electrolyte salt and organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer coating layer includes acrylic resin, acrylic-urethane resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, epoxy-polyester resin, and fluorinated vinyl polymer resin. Preferred Property: The thickness of polymer coating layer is 0.1-40 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon layer is graphite. The content of oxygen in the intermediate layer is 0.5-30 atomic%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound (D) is hydrazine, dicarboxylic acid dihydrazide, or carbohydrazide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The crosslinking agent (C) comprises alkylated methylolmelamine resin (c1) as melamine compound, and epoxy compound (c2), and polyolefin resin (B) having functional group (X) reactable with epoxy group. The content of alkylated methylolmelamine resin (c1) with respect to the total mass of urethane resin (A) and polyolefin resin (B) is 5-50 %mass. The polar group material is polyethylene-terephthalate-based material, polypropylene-based material, polycarbonate-based material, or polyamide- based material. The nonpolar base-material is a base material comprising ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The total content of polyolefin resin (B) having functional group and functional group of epoxy group with respect to total amount of substance of urethane resin (A) and polyolefin resin (B) is 5/1-1/5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymerizable group is chosen from acryloyloxy group, methacryloyl oxy group, vinyl group and allyl group. The composition further contains silicone compound, and surfactant. The silicone compound is a compound of formula (I) or (II).R1=H or methyl;R2=H or 1-5C alkyl;R3=H or 1-3C alkyl;n=1-55;m=0-97;p=1-5;andq=1-10.Preferred Properties: The corrugated shape is moth-eye structure. The structure has release force of more than 0 g/cm to 0.7 g/cm obtained by peeling cured film on film from mold at 90 degrees using a film has base material and converting the load during peeling of cured film on the film from the mold with respect to film having width of 1 cm. Preferred Process: The method further involves volatilizing the solvent by carrying out baking after coating the composition on the substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No preparation method is given. Preferred Components: The electron acceptor consists of fullerene derivatives, carbon nanotubes, perylene derivative and tetracyanoquinodimethane derivative. The mass ratio of (I)/electron acceptor is 10/1 to 1/3. The negative electrode is an aluminum electrode. A buffer layer is inserted between the active layer and the positive electrode and consists of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate), and is inserted between the active layer and the negative electrode and consists of lithium fluoride. Preferred Definitions:    A = methylphenyl, iodophenyl or iodothiophenyl;    R1, R1a = methyl;    R2, R2a = H; and    D1 = thiophene, furan, pyridine, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, perylene or benzothiadiazole substituted by one or more thiophene or furan groups having linear or branched carbon chain with 2-20 carbon atoms containing heteroatoms (S, O, Si or N).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 33 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. boron-dipyrromethene derivatives of formulae (Ia)-(Ie).    EXAMPLE - 5-(2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy)-2,2'-bithiophene (600 mg) and phosphorus oxychloride (300 mu l) were mixed. Petrol ether/ethyl acetate (80/20) was added to the mixture and then purified to obtain 5'-(2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy)-(2,2')bithiophenyl-5-carbaldehyde. Boron-dipyrromethene compound (360 mg) of formula (III) and 5'-(2-(2-Methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy)-(2,2')bithiophenyl-5-carbaldehyde (250 mg) were mixed. Petrol ether/ethyl acetate (70/30) was added to the mixture and then purified to give boron-dipyrromethene derivative (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises an aluminum compound of formula (II). Alternately, silicon alkoxide is of formula: (R6O)4-mSiR7m (III). The titanium compound is titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium n-propoxide, titanium n-butoxide, titanium t-butoxide, titanium isobutoxide, titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate), and/or titanium(tetrakis(2-ethyl-1-hexanolate)). The zirconium compound is zirconium ethoxide, zirconium isopropoxide, zirconium n-propoxide, zirconium n-butoxide, zirconium t-butoxide, zirconium acetylacetone, zirconium trifluoroacetyl acetonate, and/or zirconium hexafluoro acetylacetonate. The total content of alkoxide compounds (I) and (III) is 0.1-80 %mass. The total content of solvent and resin is 5-98 %mass with respect to total content of the composition.R2=1-8C alkyl;n=0-3;X2,X3=O or methylene;R3-R5=H or 1-8C alkyl;R6,R7=1-8C alkyl;andm=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The filler comprises particles containing silicon dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon carbide. The content of filler in composition is 0.1-50 %mass. The filler contains glass particles having softening point of 300-1000 degrees C. Preferred Properties: The volume average particle diameter of filler is 0.01-50 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises aluminum complex of formula (II). The total content of metallic compound (II) in composition is 0.1-80 %mass. The total content of fluid medium and resin in composition is 5-98 %mass.R2=1-8C alkyl;n=0-3;X2,X3=O or methylene;andR3-R5=H or 1-8C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aprotic organic solvent (A) is chosen from cyclic and noncyclic organic carbonate, di-1-10C-alkylether, di-1-4C-alkyl-2-6-C alkylene ether and polyether, cyclic ether, cyclic and acyclic acetal and ketal, o-carboxylic acid ester, and cyclic and noncyclic ester of carboxylic acid. At least 1 compound (B) is vinylene carbonate. The lithium salt (D) is chosen from LiPF 6, LiPF 3(CF 2CF 3) 3, LiBF 4, LiClO 4, LiAsF 6, LiCF 3SO 3, LiN(SO 2F) 2, Li 2SiF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4 and salts of formula: (C nF 2n+1SO 2) mXLi. The additive (E) is chosen from 2-vinyl pyridine, 4-vinyl pyridine, cyclic exo methylene carbonate, sultone, organic ester of inorganic acid, acyclic and cyclic alkane having boiling point of 36 degrees C at 1 bar, and aromatic compound. The electrolyte composition contains 55-99.5 wt.% aprotic organic solvent (A), 0.01-5 wt.% compound (B), 0.01-5 wt.% compound (C), 5-25 wt.% lithium salt (D), 0-10 wt.% additive (E), and 0-50 ppm water with respect to total weight of the total composition. The anode contains lithium ion-intercalated carbon.m=1,2 or 3;andn=1-20.(i) When m=1, X is oxygen or sulfur; (ii) When m=2, X is nitrogen or phosphorus; and (iii) when m=3, X is carbon or silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The film further comprises a flame retardant, a radical scavenger,
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic nanoparticles are composed of SiO2. Preferred Material: In the material, the inorganic nanoparticles are further grafted with at least an organic polymeric segment. The hybrid material is of formula (II).T2=nanoparticle of silicon dioxide;n=3 to 100;q=1 to 100;p=0 to 100.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The compound (III) is prepared by: reacting a compound of formula RG-L-SO2Cl (IV) with a compound of formula F3C-SO2-NH2 in the presence of a base.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic polymeric segment is a polyethylene glycol segment. Preferred Material: The hybrid material further comprises a binder selected from polyethylene oxide and/or polyethylene glycol dimethylether. Preferred Method: The process further involves attaching an organic polymeric segment to the inorganic nanoparticle via a covalent bond. The process further involves the addition of a binder selected from polyethylene oxide, and/or polyethylene glycol dimethylether to the grafted nanoparticles. Preferred Definitions:    L=-(CH2)3- or -phenylene-CH2-CH2-;    RG=alkoxysiloxane group.    EXAMPLE - Preparation of polymer electrolytes based on SiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with Na salt was carried out as follows: a dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with Na salt was prepared in methanol and water. The dispersion of grafted SiO2 nanoparticles (0.013 g was equivalent to 1 mol of Na) was added to a mixture of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME, 0.050 g, Mw of 250) and polyethylene oxide (PEO, 0.050 g, Mw of 5x 106) at ratio 1:1 in weight. After mixing, samples were dried in the convection oven at 80 degrees C overnight and for at least 24 hours under vacuum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The manufacture of polyester further involves transesterifing oxalic acid glycol ester and/or its low-polymerization degree oligomer in transesterification rate of 70-92%. Preferred Definitions:    X1,X2=methyl or ethyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric fine fiber comprises crosslinked polymer chosen from aliphatic polyamide, semi-aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropene, polymethylpentene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyacetyl, polyurethane and aromatic polyamide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic-semiconductor layer is comprised with condensed ring compounds, such as a perylene, a pyrene, pentacene, anthracene, rubrene, a triarylamine derivative, oligothiophene, polythiophene and the benzothiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass substrate consists of glass board materials. The sheet-like molded component further contains ultraviolet absorber. The ultraviolet absorption layer is formed in the surface on the opposite side to the surface in which the sheet-like molded component of glass substrate is adhered. Preferred Property: The peel adhesive strength with respect to the sheet-like molded component adhere|attached on the glass substrate is 25 N/25 mm or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sheet-like molded component is formed using acryl-type block copolymer (A) and the thermoplastic polymer composition containing an acrylic resin (B). The acryl-type block copolymer (A) has structure having polymer block (a1) having an acrylic-ester unit and polymer block (a2) having a methacrylic-ester unit bonded with both terminal, respectively in a molecule. The content of polymer block (a2) in the acryl-type block copolymer (A) is 40 %mass or more. The content of acryl-type block copolymer (A1) is 80 %mass or less. The content of polymer block (a2) in the acryl-type block copolymer is 10-40 %mass. The acrylic resin (B) contains methacrylic-ester unit. The mass ratio of acryl-type block copolymer (A) and acrylic resin (B) is 97/3-10/90. Preferred Properties: The acryl-type block copolymer has weight average molecular weight of 10000-100000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further contains a niobium alkoxide, resin and hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula (II). The niobium alkoxide is chosen from niobium ethoxide, niobium isopropoxide, niobium n-propoxide, niobium n-butoxide and niobium phenoxide. The alkoxide compound contains titanium alkoxide. The titanium alkoxides are titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium n-propoxide, titanium n-butoxide, titanium t-butoxide, titanium isobutoxide, titanium(diisopropoxide)bis(acetylacetonato) and titanium tetrakis (2-ethyl-1-hexanolate). The alkoxide compound contains zirconium alkoxide and silicon alkoxide of formula: (R5O)4-mSiR6m. The zirconium alkoxide is chosen from zirconium ethoxide, zirconium isopropoxide, zirconium n-propoxide, zirconium n-butoxide, zirconium t-butoxide, zirconium acetylacetone, zirconium trifluoroacetyl acetonato and zirconium hexafluoro acetylacetonato.R5,R6=1-8C alkyl;andm=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molecular weight of the PEO is 40-60 Wan. The water-soluble initiator is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate or sodium chloride. Preferred Components: The drying time is 15-60 hours. The method includes heating while stirring. The heating temperature is 40-60 degrees C. The drying temperature is 10-40 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred components: Glass film layer comprises metal heat insulation layer and UV absorbing layer. A thin film solar battery layer is clamped in the multiple layers of glass film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the anode layer, modified-anode layer, active photovoltaic layer and cathode layer and modified-cathode layer is 200-300 nm, 35-60 nm, 100-125 nm, 1-6 nm and 60-85 nm, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of porous graphene and polyparaphenylene vinylene composite in the porous graphene-polyparaphenylene vinylene composite is 1:(1-6).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ratio of the first, second and third monomers is 40-60:30-35:5-30. The amount of the first, second and third monomers is 15-50% of the total amount. The molecular weight of the auxiliary agent is more than 80 and the amount of the auxiliary agent is 0.1-4%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanoparticulate powder fraction has a maximum packing coefficient of 64-65.4%, and comprises inorganic nanoparticles. The inorganic nanoparticles consist of metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal nitrates, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and/or titanium dioxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flowable component further comprises: a curing agent such as an acid anhydride, an aromatic amine and/or an aliphatic amine; or epoxy resin and/or polyurethane. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The electrode is made of molybdenum, nickel, copper, niobium, silicon, titanium, tungsten or chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Particles: The inorganic semiconductor particles are silicon particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1-400 mu m, preferably 0.05-50 mu m. The content of inorganic semiconductor particles is 0.5-70 %mass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: Compound (A) is glycerol, thioglycerol, cyano-group-containing organic compound, and/or polyvinylidene fluoride. Compound (B) is glycerol and/or thioglycerol. The content of compound (A or B) is 0.5-90 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The passivation-layer-forming composition further contains aluminum complex compound of formula (II). The content of resin is 5-98 %mass.R2=1-8C alkyl;n=0-3;X2,X3=oxygen atom or methylene;andR3-R5=H or 1-8C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The water proof packing unit is made of rubber or synthetic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The additive comprises dispersing agent, antifoaming agent and smoothing agent. The binder resin comprises ethylcellulose ester and cellulose derivative of cellulose ether. The aluminum powder comprises 80-95 wt.% of aluminum micro particle powder having particle size of 1-3 mu m and aluminum nanoparticle powder having particle size of 3-6 mu m. The glass frit comprises silicondioxide-leadoxide-boron oxide-aluminum oxide-zirconium oxide, bismuth oxide, zinc oxide-silicondioxide-boron oxide-aluminum oxide and silicondioxide-leadoxide-boron oxide-aluminum oxide glass. The glass frit has density 5.25-6.84g/cc, softening point of 440-600 degrees C, thermal expansion coefficient of 82x 10-7/ degrees C-102x 10-7/ degrees C, glass transition temperature of 340-500 degrees C and softening temperature of 420-550 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The composition has viscosity of 20000-35000 Pas and thixotropic index of 8-12. Preferred Method: The method further comprises carrying out uniform mixing and dispersion of the compounds in the planetary mill and again mixing the compounds without dispersion to prepare the paste. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanoparticles organic hybrid material is preferably of formula (III), and further comprises binder chosen from polyethylene oxide and/or polyethylene glycol dimethylether. The reactive group is alkoxysiloxane group. The preparation of inorganic nanoparticles further involves attaching organic polymeric segment to the inorganic nanoparticle through a covalent bond.L=1-6C alkylne or phenylene-1-4C-alkylne;n=3-100;q=1-100;andp=0-100.Preferred Process: The nitrogen-containing compound (II) is obtained using sulfuryl chloride-containing compound of formula: RG-L-SO2Cl (IV) and sulfur-containing compound of formula: F3C-S-(=O)(=O)-NH2 (V) in presence of base.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nanoparticle organic hybrid material comprises silicon dioxide, and further grafted organic polymeric segment(s), which is polyethylene glycol segment. Preferred Definitions:    L=-(CH2)3- or -phenylene-CH2-CH2-.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: At least one of front cover and back cover includes glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The edge seal contains layer (a) containing polymeric material chosen from silicone, poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid), ethylene vinyl acetate, ionomer, thermoplastic polyolefin, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly(ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene), fluorinated ethylene-propylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl fluoride and polycarbonate, layer (b) which is a dielectric layer including polymer chosen from poly(ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene), polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl fluoride and polycarbonate, and/or poly(ethene-co-tetrafluoroethene), and layer (c) which is thermoplastic encapsulant for encapsulating photovoltaic module. The extruded edge seal further has layer (i) over the bonding layer. The layer (i) contains poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) and/or ethylene vinyl acetate. The thermoplastic encapsulant contains thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic polyolefin, thermoplastic polyurethane and polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cells are formed of crystalline silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent resin substrates are formed of polycarbonate. The transparent filled resin is formed of a silicone resin. The support posts are formed of polycarbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The low polymerization degree oligomer of oxalic-acid glycol ester is obtained by polymerizing-reacting oxalic-acid alkyl ester and ethylene glycol at transesterifictaion rate of 95% or more, in presence of sulfuric ester. Preferred Composition: The sulfuric ester is dimethyl sulfate or diethyl sulfate. The amount of terminal carboxyl groups in polyester is 10 equivalent/tons or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The microparticles filler of the porous insulating layer has alumina, silica, titania, nitride containing carbide, nitride containing zirconia, lithium aluminate, oxide containing cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, zirconium carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride and titanium nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The binder of the positive electrode active material layer of the side provided with the porous insulating layer and the negative electrode active material layer contains rubber-type resin of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) or acrylic rubber, water-soluble resin of carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, or polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive powder comprises metal chosen from silver, copper, gold, lead, tin, platinum, zinc, nickel, manganese, chromium, palladium, aluminum, indium, bismuth and/or antimony, comprises metal oxide, sulfide, and/or alloy, and powder of carbon black and/or carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The contacting and/or adjoining process is carried out by laminating temperature sensitive ink layer comprising thermomeltable substance, and a paste layer (6) obtained using electroconductive paste or mixing thermomeltable substance in electroconductive paste.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat-fusible substance is chosen from fatty acid derivative, aromatic carboxylic acid derivative, alcohol derivative, ether derivative, aldehyde derivative, ketone derivative, amine derivative, amide derivative, nitrile derivative, hydrocarbon derivative, aromatic compound, thiol derivative and/or sulfide derivative.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin is chosen from cellulose resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, vinyl-type resin, imide-type resin, amide type-resin, butyral type-resin, nylon type-resin, and rubber-type compound. Preferred Condition: The temperature control material is in insulation state when biased spring or ferromagnetic material shears the electroconductive paste, and is conductive state when biased spring or ferromagnetic material drawn to an external magnet covered using electroconductive paste.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent silicone resin, transparent acrylic resin, or a transparent fluororesin is used as the surface coating material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The transparent window is a product made from quartz glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent electrode layer is made of large metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The substrate is made of transparent resin materials such as polyester, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyether sulfone, polyether imide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyamide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyallylate polyarylate and cycloolefin polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The platinum-group precursor is chloroplatinic acid, palladium chloride acid, iridium chloride acid, ruthenium chloride acid, rhodium chloride acid or their salt or hydrate. The basic lithium compound is lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, lithium alkoxide and/or lithium carboxylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sub-organic solvent is hydroxyl-containing organic solvent chosen from methanol, ethanol and 3-6C alkoxy alcohol. The platinum-group catalyst-precursor liquid composition further contains viscosity modifier. The monoterpene alcohol is linalool, terpineol, geraniol, citroneol, geraniol, borneol, nerolidol and menthol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The viscosity modifier is cellulose derivative chosen from carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Material: The lithium-containing complex oxide (I) is obtained using lithium cobaltate. The content of fluorination vinylindene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer is 30-75 %mass when total content of fluorination vinylindene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride is 100 %mass. The content of unit derived from fluorination vinylindene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer is 0.5-15 mol% when total content of units derived from fluorination vinylindene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride is 100 mol%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Layer (p3) contains 1-30 mass% inorganic particles. Layer (p1) contains 0.1-50 mass% inorganic particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Layer (p3) contains 0.1-20 mass% organic particles. Layer (p1) contains 0.1-20 mass% organic particle.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Melting endothermic peak temperature of polyolefin resin in layer (p3) measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 100-150 degrees C. Preferred Compositions: Layer (p3) contains 5-30 mass% polyethylene-type resin and 5-50 mass% polyolefin-type elastomer. Layer (p2) contains acid-modified polyolefin-based resin as main structural component. Layer (p2) contains 3-15 mass% modified styrene-type thermoplastic elastomer. Preferred Processes: Resin which reprocesses lamination sheet into chip or flake shape is mixed with raw material for layer (p3) at amount of 5-50 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbonate is lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate. The electrolyte contains rubidium, cesium, magnesium, strontium, gadolinium, barium and calcium. The metal reinforced particle is chosen from aluminum, zinc and copper. The oxide reinforced particle is chosen from aluminum carbonate, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide and titanium oxide. Preferred Properties: The size of electrolyte is 0.1-1 mm. The metal reinforced particle has size of 0.1-100 mm. The oxide reinforced particle has size of 0.1-100 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The binder is chosen from acrylic system, cellulose system and latex system. The plasticizer is glycol system plasticizer, and glycerine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor layer in the cathode is formed using titanium oxide, and has thickness of 3-20 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The non-sulfonic-acid-type organic compound is sulfonylimide acid of formula: (F-(C(-F)2)m-S(=O)2-N--S(=O)-(C(-F)2)n-F).H+ (I) or of formula (II), or its salt. The non-sulfonic-acid-type organic compound is preferably chosen from boro-subsalicylate and boro-subsalicylate. The monomer is 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene.M=1-8;n=1-8;ando=2 or 3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The density of the conductive polymer layer is 1.15-1.80 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hot-melt-type sealing material is polyester-type hot-melt-type sealing material. The structure further comprises stress relaxation layer. The stress relaxation layer is polyolefin resin, polyamide elastomer or fluororesin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The protection port main body is made of ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The microcellular elastomeric polyurethane has a bulk density of less than 1150 kg/m3 or 800-1150 kg/m3 and a shore hardness of at least 65A or 65-85A. The protective layer has a thickness of up to 10 mm, preferably 0.3-7 mm. The coated metal surface is that of a component is associated with a fluidized bed reactor installation, but excluding a fluidized bed reactor chamber of the fluidized bed reactor installation. The coated metal surface has an operational temperature of less than 180 degrees C. The component associated with the fluidized bed reactor installation is a feed pipeline or nozzle or a discharge pipeline or nozzle.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (B) is compound having hydroxyl group and ethylenically unsaturated group, which is hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate. Preferred Properties: The weight average molecular weight of component (A) is 3000-60000. Preferred Process: The component (A) is obtained by reacting hydroxyl group-containing (meth)acrylate with reaction material of diol having polyether structure, polyester structure, or polycarbonate structure, and organic diisocyanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The active energy ray hardening-type adhesive composition further comprises 0.1-20 pts. wt. radical photopolymerization initiator with respect to 100 pts. wt. of components (A-D). The plastic film or sheet is poor adhesive plastic film or sheet containing polyolefin, polyester, polycarbonate, cycloolefin polymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Process: The plastic film or sheet is formed using active energy ray hardening-type adhesive composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The magnetic component filler is chosen from nickel, cobalt, and soft ferrite. Preferred Properties: The magnetic component filler has average particle diameter of 5-80 mu m. The particle size of the magnetic component filler is less than the thickness of the layer of thermosetting adhesive, during manufacture of silicon wafer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the magnetic component filler and the thermosetting resin is 25/75-55/45. The thermosetting resin is chosen from epoxy resin, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, and urethane resin. Preferred Properties: The thermosetting adhesive has a viscosity of 4-30 Pa.second. The thermosetting resin has weight average molecular weight of 300 or more. The thickness of the thermosetting adhesive layer distributed between silicon ingot and holder is less than the wire gage of the wire saw, during manufacture of silicon wafer. Preferred Process: The thermosetting adhesive is hardened at 65-100 degrees C by induction-heating of magnetic component filler.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is metal oxide or silicon oxide. The silicon oxide has silsesquioxane structure. The composite film has metallic reflective layer on the surface of resin base material. The composite film contains primer layer having hydrophilic group formed between resin base material and hard-coat layer. Preferred Property: The composite film further contains back coating layer having cure shrinkage with respect to cure shrinkage rate of hard-coat layer is plus minus 30%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The photoresist is urethane acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The anti-slip films are plastic tapes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive particles comprise silver-coated copper powder.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of fluorine-type phenoxy resin and fluorine-type epoxy resin is 1:3-3:1. The content of electroconductive particles contained in the conductive adhesive is 2-25 %mass. The storage elastic modulus of the conductive adhesive at -40 degrees C after hardening is 3-4.1x 109 Pa, and the storage elastic modulus of the conductive adhesive at 170 degrees C after hardening is 1.9-2.2x 108 Pa. The primary-dispersion tan- delta peak value at 190 degrees C or more after hardening is 0.40 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The supporting electrolyte is boro-dioxalic acid, boro-dimalonic acid, boro-disuccinic acid, boro-diadipic acid, boro-dimaleic acid, boro-diglycolic acid, boro-dilactic acid, boro-dihydroxyisobutyric acid, boro-dimalic acid, boro-ditartaric acid, boro-dicitric acid, boro-diphthalic acid, boro-subsalicylate, boro-dihydroxybenzoic acid, boro-dimandelic acid, boro-dibenzilic acid, and/or their salts. The thiophene monomer is 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The copolymer is obtained by polymerizing compound (IIIA) having dioxo pyrrole condensed ring and compound (IIIB) having dithieno condensed ring in presence of catalyst.X,Y'=halo, alkyl stannyl, alkyl sulfo, aryl sulfo, arylalkyl sulfo, borate residue, sulfonium methyl, phosphonium methyl, phosphonate methyl, monohalogenated methyl, boric acid residue, formyl, silyl, alkenyl or alkynyl.Preferred Composition: The copolymer further comprises repeating unit of formula (II). EXAMPLE - 0.394 mmol 1,3-Dibromo-5-hexadecyl-4H,5H,6H-thieno(3,4-c)pyrrole-4,6-dione and 0.429 mmol 7-(2-ethylhexyl)-7-octyl-4,10-bis(trimethylstannyl)-3,11-dithia-7-silatricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undeca-1(8),2(6),4,9-tetraene were supplied into 50 mL two-opening round bottom flask as monomer under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, to the resulted product 12.8 mg tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0), 16.6 mg triphenylphosphine-containing heterogeneous-based palladium complex catalyst, 6.6 mL toluene and 1.7 mL N,N-dimethylformamide ware added, and stirred at 100 degrees C for 10 hours and at 90 degrees C for 1 hour. The reaction liquid was diluted using toluene for 4 times, and heat-stirred at 100 degrees C for 0.5 hour. Then, 0.39 mL trimethyl (phenyl) tin was added, heat-stirred cat 100 degrees C for 8 hours, 1.56 mL bromobenzene was added and heat-stirred. The obtained reaction solution was poured in methanol, precipitated and filtrated. The obtained solid was dissolved in chloroform and diamine silica gel, stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and passed through short column of acidic silica gel, centrifuged, recrystallized using chloroform/ethyl acetate as solvent and precipitate was separated, to obtain 255 mg copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The base material is a glass board material. Preferred Component: The pencil hardness of base material is more than 7H.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide fine particles are chosen from titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, alumina, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, antimony pentoxide, indium(III) oxide and niobium pentoxide. The solid content of metal oxide fine particles in the metal oxide particle dispersion liquid is 0.5-20 wt.%. The metal oxide particle dispersion liquid containing basic nitrogen compound further contains matrix formation component. The solid content of matrix formation component is 0.1-4 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The boiling point of basic nitrogen compound is 40-250 degrees C. The average particle diameter of the metal oxide particles is 5-100 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The low-refractive-index layer formation component is silica precursor or silica precursor, and/or silica-sol. The silica precursor is chosen from partial hydrolysate of organosilicon compound, hydrolyzate, hydrolysis condensation polymer, polysilazane, polysilane, and acidic silicic acid liquid. The solid content of low-refractive-index layer formation component dispersion liquid is 0.5-10 wt.%. Preferred Property: The average thickness of high refractive index layer and low refractive-index layer is 50-200 nm and 30-200 nm, respectively. The surface roughness of high refractive index layer and low-refractive-index layer is 30 nm to 1 mu m, and 30 nm or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The mean-pore-diameter of porous carbon support is 2 nm or less. The ratio of mean-pore-diameter of porous carbon support to average particle diameter of catalyst metal is 1-3. Preferred Composition: The content of catalyst metal is 10-80 %mass. The atomic ratio of platinum and ruthenium is 4:6-6:4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymeric fine fiber comprises polymer chosen from aliphatic polyamide, semiaromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polyvinylidene-fluoride, polyvinylidene-fluoride hexafluoropropene, polymethyl pentene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyacetyl, polyurethane, aromatic polyamides and their and copolymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Components: The fine fiber structure further comprises a multilayer porosity fine fiber layer. The multilayer porosity fine fiber layer consists of two or more-layer porous fine fiber layer in which fine fiber structure contains a different polymer. Preferred Properties: The multilayer porosity fine fiber layer has specific thickness, basic weight, mean pore diameter, average diameter, porosity, fragile permeability, ion resistance and tensile strength.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reflecting coating further comprises 1-2 pts. wt. dispersant, 1-2 pts. wt. defoaming agent, 0.5-1 pts. wt. antioxidant and 2-3 pts. wt. flatting agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: subsequent to attaching electrical conduction leads disposing a polymer coating to the obverse and reverse sides of the wafer; and subsequent to attaching electrical conduction leads disposing a polymer coating to the collector grid. The step of depositing the metal contact comprises cooling the wafer to 100 degrees C and sputtering aluminum onto the reverse side at sub-atmospheric pressure. The step of disposing the conductive paint on the obverse side comprises: spraying on it with a propellant model air-brush; or printing on it with a wafer printer. Preferred Components: The wafer is doped as an n-type wafer and the metal contact is composed of gold doped with antimony. The wafer is doped as n+ type wafer, and the metal contact is composed of aluminum. The mask is composed of an electrostatic mask. The wafer is a poly-crystalline silicon wafer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Positive electrode contains active material which has nickel or manganese.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Electrolyte solution contains 0.1-10 mass parts surfactant with respect to 100 mass parts phosphazene compound. Phosphazene compound is represented by formula (3), preferably formulae (3A) or (3B). Aprotic solvent is compound of formulae R31-O-C(=O)-O-R32 (4A), (4B), and/or (4C). Surfactant is compound of formulae Ra-S(=O)2-O- M+ (5A), Ra-C(=O)-O- M+ (5B), (Ra)2-P(=O)-O- M+ (5C), Ra-P(=O)(O- M+)2 (5D), Ra-C(=O)-ORb (5E), Ra-(OCH2CH2)m-ORb (5F), (Ra)3-N-Rc (5G), Ra-C(=O)-N(Ra)2 (5H), (Ra)3-N HX (5I), and/or (Ra)4-N+ X- (5J). Anionic activator in surfactant contains sulfuric ester, sulfonic acid ester, or phosphate ester, non-ionic activator in surfactant is polyhydric-alcohol ester, and cationic activator in surfactant is aliphatic amine salt, quaternary ammonium salt, or oxyethylene ether or ester. Additive kit contains 0.1-10 mass parts surfactant with respect to 100 mass parts flame retardant.R1-R6, R21-R28=monovalent substituent;n= greater than or equal to 1;R31-R36=H, alkyl, or aryl;Ra=alkyl, NH2, carbamide, or aryl containing H and oxyethylene;Rb=aryl or alkyl which has OH;Rc=aryl or alkyl containing carbanion, sulfo anion, or phospho anion;M=alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal which becomes a bivalent metal salt when M+ is substituted with 1/2 M2+ in the case of alkaline-earth metal;X=F, Cl, Br, or I; andm=1-20. Preferred Definitions:    R21-R28=alkyl, alkoxy, NH2, and/or F.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyethylene oxide solid electrolyte comprises sodium triflate salt and potassium triflate salt, and is sodium and potassium ion conducting membrane. The anode comprises a copper current collector. The cathode comprises an aluminum current collector. The ratio of polyethylene oxide oxygen to sodium and potassium is 20:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The potassium and sodium concentration in the sodium and potassium alloy is 40-90 wt.% and 44-56 wt.%, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of electroconductive particles is 30-60 wt.% with respect to 100 wt.% electroconductive adhesive material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The reduction process involves mixing dispersion liquid and reducing agent solution in which the concentration of the mixture becomes high by a concentration changing rate less than 2 mmol/L.minute. Preferred Composition: The noble metal is platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive transparent substrate is chosen from indium-tin-oxide, fluorine-tin oxide, zinc oxide-gallium oxide, zinc oxide-alumina, tin-based oxide and zinc oxide. The semiconductor layer includes metal oxide. The semiconductor layer is chosen from titanium, tin, zinc, tungsten, zirconium, gallium, indium, yttrium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, titania, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide or titanium-strontium oxide, and has thickness of less than 3 mu m. The dye has perovskite structure. The hole transport layer includes monomer or polymer hole transport material. The electrode (b) includes platinum, gold, nickel, copper, silver, indium, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium, osmium, carbon or conducting polymer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dye-sensitized solar cell further has plastic substrate is chosen from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyimide and triacetyl cellulose. The dye-sensitized solar cell has membranous polymer chosen from ethylene cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Epoxy-modified polyolefin resin is obtained by melt-kneading polyolefin-based resin (a), radical polymerization initiator (b), epoxy-group-containing vinyl monomer (c), and 0.1-50 wt.% aromatic vinyl monomer (d) with respect to 100 wt.% component (c). Component (a) is polyethylene, polypropylene, and/or propylene-ethylene copolymer. Back surface support glass plate has a through-hole for allowing a part of electric output wiring to pass through to the surface inside in which the sealing layer is formed in the whole surface of the through-hole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The silicon compound has structure of formula: (R1SiOa/2)b(R2Oa/2Si-Y'-SiOa/2R2)c. The content of silicon compound, photopolymerization initiator and photocurable monomer in the composition is 1-90 wt.%, 1-10 wt.% and 1-90 wt.%, respectively. The photocurable composition further comprises photocurable monomer containing photocurable silicon having functional group which does not contain non-silicon monomer, and/or non-dipodal photocurable siloxane monomer having functional group. The photocurable monomer is 5-30C monofunctional alcohol or polyfunctional(meth)acrylate, or (meth)acrylate group or (meth)acryloxy group. The optical element further comprises inorganic protective layer (31).R1,R2=1-10C alkyl, 2-20C alkenyl, 6-20C aryl, 1-10C silanol or 1-10C alkoxy (all optionally substituted), or epoxy-containing organic group, in which at least one of R1 and R2 is of formula: -O-C(=O)-C(-R3)=CH2;R3=H or optionally substituted 1-30C alkyl;Y'=single bond, or 1-20C alkylene, 3-30C cycloalkyl, 3-30C cycloalkylene, 6-20C arylene, 7-20C arylalkylene, 2-20C heteroaryl or 2-20C unsaturated bond-containing alkylene (all optionally substituted);a=1-less than 4;b,c=more than 0-less than 1;andb+c=1.Preferred Properties: The silicon compound has weight average molecular weight of 100-5000 g/mol. The organic protecting layer has hardness of 600-1000 MPa, and modulus of 100-1500 MPa.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat fusion resin layer contains a crosslinking agent and pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The synthetic resin is polypropylene. Preferred Property: The heat fusion resin layer has average thickness of 50-500 mu m. Preferred Layer: A surface side of heat fusion resin layer has a hydrolysis-proof layer or gas barrier layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The heat fusion resin layer contains a crosslinking agent and pigment.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The synthetic resin is polypropylene. Preferred Property: The heat fusion resin layer has average thickness of 40-500 mu m. Preferred Layer: A surface side of heat fusion resin layer has a hydrolysis-proof layer or gas barrier layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction chamber comprises oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon and hydrogen mixture gas. The target comprises titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, niobium pentoxide or zinc-tin oxide. The substrate comprises flexible conductive substrate. The nanostructure comprises titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, tin ash, niobium oxide, zinc tin oxide and impurity-doped titanium dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte comprises lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate and/or sodium carbonate. The metal reinforcing particles are aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide and/or titanium oxide, and has size of 0.1-100 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The binder is chosen from ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and polymethyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The sodium salt is trifluoromethane sodium sulfonate salt. The carbonate additive is vinylidene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and/or ethylene sulfite. Sulfur exists in the form of elemental sulfur or organo sulfur. The glyme compound solvent is dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether or tetraethylene glycol dimethylether.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The upper valve shell is provided with a rubber pad.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The component is made of rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The structure carries out bridge molding of rubber composition containing ethylene-olefin type copolymer rubber i.e. ethylene- propylene non-conjugated diene terpolymer rubber, by using organic-peroxide type crosslinking agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The partition wall contains thermoplastic resin film, thermosetting resin, photo-crosslinkable polymer resin and/or glass composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The transparent electrode layer includes aluminum doped zinc oxide, aluminum-zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, nanosilver wire, graphene, carbon nanotube and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). The back electrode layer comprises aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, palladium, graphene, carbon nanotube and nanosilver wire. The substrate is glass substrate or plastic substrate. The inorganic photoactive layer is p-type amorphous silicon layer, i-type amorphous silicon layer or n-type amorphous silicon layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The organic photoactive layer comprises poly(4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo(1,2-b:4,5-b'Z)dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(alkyl thieno(3,4-b)thiophene-2-carboxylate)-2,6-diyl), poly((4,8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-2,6-diyl)(3-fluoro-2-((2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl)thieno(3,4-b)thiophenediyl)), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,1-b;3,4-b')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) and (PC61BM(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: applying a pressure of 1-60 gram/cm while reducing the thickness of the coating composition; and using a tool to apply pressure to the polymer film, where the tool is at least one of a squeegee and a roller. The thickness of the coating composition is reduced to 0.5-3 microns using a flexible blade or roller. The coating composition is applied in no more than two passes over at least 75% of the total glass substrate. The coating thickness is reduced in no more than two passes over at least 75% of the total glass substrate. The coating composition is applied by at least one of flooding, rolling, wiping and submerging. The non-oxidizing nanoparticles adhere to the surface of the glass substrate. Preferred Components: The durable coating has an average thickness of 0.5-50 nm, preferably 20-50 nm, and a thickness that varies by no more than 30% over at least 75% of a 10x 10 cm area of the glass substrate. The durable coating is invisible, and substantially continuous. The durable coating: contains voids having a size of less than 300 nm in diameter; forms at least a monolayer in at least some areas; and has an average surface roughness over a 5 micron by 5 micron area of 1-75 nm, preferably 5-40 nm. The amount of time sufficient to bond the nanoparticles is 5-60 seconds. The amount of non-oxidizing nanoparticle is 1-10 wt.%. The non-oxidizing nanoparticles have a diameter of 2-20 nm or 20-75 nm. The non-oxidizing nanoparticles are silica. Preferred Composition: The coating composition contains essentially no oxidizing materials or organic materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer film includes at least one of a polyolefin, a fluoropolymer, a polyester, a polyacrylate, a polystyrene and polyvinylchloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate is a metallic board or a polymer substrate. The metallic board is made of hastelloy or stainless material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The reduced pressure is generated by a vacuum bell, which is placed on a region containing the contact hole of the front plate or the backing plate. The sealant is introduced into the contact hole through an opening of the vacuum bell which is guided through the injection device. The viscosity of the sealant is 700-900 mPas, preferably 750-850 mPas. The reduced pressure is 0.5-0.95 bar, preferably 0.8-0.95 bar. The contact hole has a diameter of 1-20 mm, preferably 4-6 mm. The front plate and/or the backing plate has a thickness of 1-10 mm, preferably 2-5 mm, and contains a non-biased, heat strengthened, toughened or a tempered glass, preferably soda-lime glass, low iron soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass. The photovoltaic layer system has at least one photovoltaically active absorber layer between a front electrode layer and a back electrode layer and the photovoltaically active absorber layer has at least copper-indium-(gallium)-sulfur/selenium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sealant comprises at least polyisobutylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene isoprene, polysulfide, polyurethane and/or silicone. The vacuum bell comprises at least glass, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester and/or polyvinyl chloride. Preferred Method: The sealant is heated to a temperature of 50-150 degrees C, preferably 90-110 degrees C prior to the step (c). A layer of the sealant having a height of 0.05-1 mm, preferably 0.15-0.3 mm is introduced into the contact hole in the step (c). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The holes are filled with aluminum or an alloy containing aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The insulating material includes polyolefin or a bi-component resin such as acrylic resin, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The insulation layer includes silicon nitride or alumina, silica, and oxynitrided silicon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer includes titanium, tungsten, gold, silver, aluminum, and nickel.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The polymer includes epoxy, acrylate, silicone, and parylene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of metal atom with respect to carbon atom evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement is less than 0.01, and the molar ratio of nonmetallic atom with respect to carbon atom is less than 0.05. The carbonaceous material consists of a core layer (5) and a dope layer (6) covering the core layer. The core layer comprises only graphite or amorphous carbon. The dope layer comprises the nonmetallic atom and metal atom. The ratio of intensity of largest peak derived from the inactive metallic compound and metallic crystal in X-ray diffraction intensity curve of a peak of (002) plane in an X-ray diffraction intensity curve to intensity of carbonaceous material is 0.1 or less. The carbonaceous material is in the form of particulate material. The nonmetallic atom is preferably nitrogen, and the metal atom is preferably iron, or cobalt and/or manganese. The molecular weight of nonmetallic compound is 800 or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compounds: The nonmetallic compound is pentaethylenehexamine, ethylenediamine, tetraethylenepentamine and/or triethylenetetramine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The front protection component and sealing component are laminated through a contact bonding layer (13) containing a (meth)acryl polymer having a carboxyl group and a reactive functional group. The front protection component consists of a transparent resin sheet (12) obtained from (meth)acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, and/or fluororesin. The sealing component comprises a thermoplastic resin having an olefin unit and another copolymerizable monomeric unit. The olefin unit is ethylene unit. The back-surface protection component comprises a binder resin, preferably an epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The average particle diameter of flaky glass (B) is 30-600 mu m or 25-500 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The melt flow rate of thermoplastic resin (A) is 5-20 g/10 minutes. The thermoplastic resin (A) is (meth)acrylic resin or polycarbonate resin. The (meth)acryl polymer protective layer contains hardened material of (meth)acryl coating composition containing a monomer having 2 or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups in a molecule. Preferred Property: The resin molding has thermal linear expansion coefficient of 8-40 ppm/K at 50 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Solvent: The organic solvent is acetone.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The porous polypropylene film has ratio of breakage strength of longitudinal direction and width direction of 0.7-2. The ( beta )-crystal formation ability of porous polypropylene film is 60% or more. The thermal contraction rate of the width direction after heat-processing the film at 135 degrees C for 60 minutes is 10% or less. Preferred Composition: The content of polypropylene resin in porous polypropylene film is 80 %mass. The separator has a functional layer laminated on the porous polypropylene film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The addition resin is selected from a group consisting of thermosetting resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin and unsaturated polyester resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coloring agent is white coloring agent chosen from calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. Preferred Property: The half life temperature of crosslinking agent in light-receiving surface-side sealing sheet is more than the half life temperature of crosslinking agent in back surface-side sealing sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The substrate is semiconductor substrate or wiring material (3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive particles contain bismuth, indium, tin or zinc.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The flux activator contains compound having a carboxyl group in a molecule.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive adhesive composition contains electroconductive particles having melting point of 220 degrees C or less, thermosetting resin and a flux activator, and further contains rheology control agent. The thermosetting resin is epoxy resin and/or (meth)acrylic resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layers: The organic thin film is provided between positive electrode and photoelectric conversion active layer. The photoelectric conversion active layer is a mixture of electron-donating organic semiconductor and electron-accepting organic semiconductor. The photoelectric conversion element further has a positive hole transport layer which consists of hole-transport materials, provided between electrode and organic thin film. Preferred Composition: The electron-donating organic semiconductor is pi-electron conjugation-type polymer which consists of monomeric unit having heterocyclic skeleton chosen from thiophene, fluorene, carbazole, dibenzosilole, dibenzo germole, benzodithiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole. The pi-electron conjugation-type polymer is a block copolymer. The solvent is an organic solvent chosen from tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dichloroethane, cyclohexane, chloroform, bromoform, benzene, toluene, ortho xylene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene, odichlorobenzene, anisole, methoxybenzene, trichlorobenzene and pyridine. Preferred Condition: The heat processing is performed at 180-280 degrees C. Preferred Process: After forming the organic thin film, a photoelectric conversion active layer is further formed on the surface of organic thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The back-surface protection sheet further has heat buffer layer containing polyolefin resin and having melting point of 160 degrees C or more measured based on JIS K7121, and bending elastic modulus of 500-1500 MPa. The sealing layer further contains ethylene-propylene random copolymer including 1-10 wt.% ethylene component, and propylene-butene ethylene terpolymer. The ethylene-propylene random copolymer and propylene-butene ethylene terpolymer are graft-modified with unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride. The total content of a unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride is 0.01-20 wt.%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The inorganic filler contains inorganic filler having particles size of 1-99 nm, and inorganic filler having particles size of 100 nm to 100 mu m. The surface density of inorganic particles is regulated by lithium aluminum hydride method and infrared rays spectroscopy. Preferred Composition: The inorganic filler with particles size of 1-99 nm contains silica. The inorganic filler with particles size of 100 nm to 100 mu m contains metal oxide chosen from alumina, magnesium oxide, titania, and aluminum nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermosetting resin is an epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The photopolymerization initiator is chosen from ethyl benzoin ether, isopropyl benzoin ether, methylbenzoin ethyl ether, benzoin phenyl ether, acyloximester, diethoxy acetophenone, 1,1-dichloro acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 1-hydroxy cyclohexylphenylketone, anthraquinone, 2-anthraquinone, 2-chloro anthraquinone, thioxanthone, isopropyl thioxantone, chlorotioxantone, benzophenone, chlorobenzophenone, benzyl benzoate and benzoyl benzoate. The oxidation-reduction derivative is chosen from lithium iodide, sodium iodide, iodination potassium, lithium bromide, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, quaternary ammonium salt, imidazolium salt and pyridinium salt. The organic solvent is chosen from ethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate and tetrahydrofuran.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers from both layers are cross-linked with each other. The content of vinyl acetate in the ethylenevinylacetate copolymer of central layer is 25-35 wt.%. Preferred Properties: The thickness of ethyl vinyl acetate film is 0.4-2 mm. The thickness of central layer is 0.2-1.2 mm. The thickness of surface layer is 0.1-0.4 mm. The ratio of thickness of central layer and surface layer is 2-3:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In (I), R1 comprises solubilizing moiety. The solubilizing moiety comprises straight or branched alkyl moiety. The chromophore is not attached directly to the imide group. The conjugated backbone comprises aryl moiety between the chromophore and the imide group. The chromophore comprises organic group comprising at least one heteroatom (silicon, sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen). The photoactive material comprises substituted imide compounds of formula (R2-imide-Ar1-L1-Ar1-imide-R3) (II).L1 = chromophore;Ar1 = conjugated group, preferably aryl; andR2, R3 = organic groups, bonded to N of the imide and forming a conjugated bond with the respective imide.The photoactive material comprises polymers having repeating units of imide which is of formula ((R4-imide-Ar1-L1-Ar1-imide)n) (III).R4 = R3; andn = number of repeating units.The chromophore comprises 5 membered organic ring group comprising 1-3 of silicon, sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen. The chromophore is 2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-hydrogen iodide, 2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-dimethylfuran, 2,5-dimethylthiophene, 2,5-dimethylthieno(3,2-b)thiophene, 4,7-dimethyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole or 2,3,5,7-tetramethylthieno(3,4-b)pyrazine. The aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride is a dianhydride. The amine is an aromatic amine, preferably aromatic diamine. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Component: The base material is electrode or separator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The hollow container has: a wall thickness of 0.05-1 mm; and an inner diameter of greater than or equal to 0.25 inch. The panel comprises at least two hollow containers. The two hollow containers are arranged in a parallel configuration. The composition comprises greater than or equal to 50 wt.% of the ethylene-based polymer, based on the weight of the composition. In the composition: the weight ratio of (II)/(I) is 1-6; (I) is present at 500-2500 ppm, based on the weight of the composition; and (II) is present at 1000-3000 ppm, based on the weight of the composition. The composition further comprises: substituted tetra-ester compounds of formula (III); and substituted phosphorous acid triphenyl ester compounds of formula (IV).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The biodegradable film is doped with any one of material such as thiodipropionate plastic, polyethylene, dilauryl thiodipropionate, polypropylene, polystyrene dilauryl thiodipropionate and polyvinyl chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hole-collection electrode comprises indium tin oxide with a spin-coated poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) layer. The electron-collecting electrode comprises aluminum. The catalyst comprises sodium hexafluorophosphate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises providing alkene compounds of formula (Ar1-C=CH) (A), providing a ruthenium-containing compound, reacting (A) with the ruthenium-containing compound in a solvent to form a crude product, and purifying the crude product. Preferred Method: The reacting step is conducted in the presence of a catalyst. The purifying step is conducted by column chromatography. Preferred Components: The active layer further comprises a fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative comprises (6,6)-phenyl-C(70)-butyricacidmethyl ester (PC(70)BM). (I) and the PC70BM are present in a weight ratio of 1:4. (I) comprises ruthenium compounds of formula (cis-(RuCl2(bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)2)). The solvent comprises triethylamine and/or dichloromethane. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Compounds (I) are disclosed ruthenium containing complex of formulae (Ia)-(Id).    EXAMPLE - 100 mg of 4-(5-Ethynyl-2-thienyl)-7-(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 92 mg of dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) were added to a mixture of 1:1 triethylamine and dichloromethane in the presence of a catalytic amount of 3.4 mg of sodium hexafluorophosphate under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified and worked up to give 86.1 mg of the ruthenium containing complex (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Ratio of thickness of surface layer and core layer is 1:3-1:20, when surface layer is laminated on 1 surface of core layer and when surface layer is laminated on both surfaces of core layer. Ratio of thickness of both surface layers is 1:3-3:1. Preferred Components: Sealing material contains silane modified resin obtained by copolymerizing component (a2), component (b2), component (c2), and/or alkoxysilane which has polymerizable functional group. Sealing material does not contain radical generating agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The flat fan hydraulic nozzle is made from brass, stainless steel or Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluoroethylene). The catalyst ink is carbon black.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The block is made from stainless steel, Teflon (RTM: Polytetrafluoroethylene) or Ertalyte (RTM: Unreinforced, semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyester based on polyethylene terephthalate).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic oxide is an oxide containing a metal element selected from titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), strontium (Sr), indium (In), lanthanum (La), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), yttrium (Y), scandium (Sc), samarium (Sm), and/or gallium (Ga). The inorganic oxide particles have a particle size of 2 nm to 60 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The elastic stamp for pattern formation is a stamp made of a material selected from polydimethylsiloxane, silicone rubber, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polylactic-co-glycolic acid and/or hydrogel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is coated with zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, zinc oxysulfide and indium sulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The solubility of the second solvent is lower than the first solvent, where the solubility gap between the second solvent and the first solvent is less than 7%. The first solvent and the second solvent include benzene, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, tetrachloromethane, tetrachloroethane, dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, hexane, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, phentanol and hexanol. The first solvent includes chlorobenzene and the second solvent includes cyclohexanone and ethylene glycol. The first photoactive material includes an electron donor. The second photo active material includes an electron-receptor. The first photoactive material and the second photo active material are mixed at 0.5:1-1:5. The first photoactive material includes thiopheneic compound, phenylenevinylene group compound, fluorine based compound, benzothiophene compounds, phthalocyanine based compound, anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, hydrazone compound, pyrazoline compound, triphenylmethane compound, triphenylamine compound and their copolymers. The second photo-active material includes fullerene compound and semiconductor compound crystal. The first photoactive material includes poly-3-hexylthiophene. The second photoactive material includes (6,6) - phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester and (6,6)-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester. The photo active layer is made by heat-treating the second precursor solution at 60-250 degrees C. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The sealing lip consists of an elastic synthetic material such as ethylene-propylene-diene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The acid dissociation constant (pKa) of cation exchange group is more than 2 to less than 7. The microcrystal size of metal double hydroxide is 10 nm or less. Preferred Composition: The metal oxide comprises bivalent cation containing magnesium (II)ion, calcium (II)ion, strontium (II)ion, barium (II)ion, and radium (II)ion. The trivalent cation contains aluminum (III)ion and lanthanum (III)ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion conductor includes phosphoric acid group and carboxyl group as cation exchange group. The silane coupling exists between polymeric resin and metal double hydroxide. The anion conductive-type fuel cell includes methanol, ethanol, or hydrazine in fuel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The melting peak temperature of back surface side sealing sheet is 90 degrees C or more, and melting peak temperature of light-receiving surface side sealing sheet is less than 90 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The back surface side sealing sheet contains ethylene polymer having density of 900-940 kg/m3 and formed by modifying the ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer with an ethylenic unsaturated silane compound, and a coloring agent. The content of structural unit derived from ethylene of ethylene- alpha -olefin copolymer is 90-98 mol%, and the content rate of the structural unit derived from alpha -olefin is 2-10 mol%. The light-receiving surface side sealing sheet contains ethylene polymer having density of less than 860-900 kg/m3 and melting peak temperature of less than 90 degrees C, or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having vinyl acetate content of 10-47 %mass and melting peak temperature of less than 90 degrees C. The ethylene polymer contains 80-90 mol% structural unit derived from ethylene and 10-20 mol% structural unit derived from 3-20C alpha -olefin chosen from propylene, butane and pentene, and has melt flow rate of 10-50 g/10 minutes at 190 degrees C and 2.16 kg load according to ASTM D1238, density of 0.865-0.884 g/cm3 and Shore A hardness of 60-85. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has melt flow rate of 10-35 g/10 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The substance includes epoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The total thickness of ballistic shield panel and photovoltaic cell-containing layer is 3 mm or more. The thickness of ballistic shield panel is 2 mm or more. The thickness of photovoltaic cell-containing layer is 1 mm or more. Preferred Composition: The lamination layer film is made of ethylene-vinyl-acetate. The photovoltaic ballistic shield arrangement comprises at least one transparent cover film arranged on photovoltaic cell layer. The ballistic shield panel is made of an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. The photovoltaic cell-containing layer comprises silicon cells.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The buffer layer is made from one of tin oxide, zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc stannate, zinc magnesium oxide, gallium oxide, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide. The layer stack has an absorber layer (150) made of cadmium telluride. The method enables using a cadmium-containing material made of cadmium sulfide or cadmium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is made from one of tin, aluminum, zinc, tantalum, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, indium, nickel or magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The housing is made of aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The flange is made of expanded polystyrene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The glass cement is provided with epoxy resin crystal glue and silicone glass glue.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The second adhesive layer comprises butyl resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin or phenoxy resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The filler is metal oxide, and has a specific surface area of 5-15 m2/g. The content of filler with respect to the total content of filler and binder is 80-99.9 %mass. The solvent of coating liquid contains water as main component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating liquid contains 10-10000 mass ppm acid component.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The polyolefin resin porous film comprises polypropylene and has beta -crystal activity. Preferred Property: The coating layer is formed on the polyolefin resin porous film by application and drying method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The metal fuel is a gel phase metal fuel comprising the metal nanoparticles dispersed in an organic solvent. The metal fuel is a metal having a melting point of 250 degrees C to 1000 degrees C. The metal fuel is a metal selected from Sn, V2O5, In, Sb, Pb, Bi, and/or Ag (preferably Sn). The anode is a porous nickel-gadolinium doped cerium oxide electrode or a porous nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia electrode. The electrolyte is yttrium-stabilized zirconia. The cathode is composed of lanthanum-strontium-manganate. The metal nanoparticles are present in an amount of 80 parts by weight to 95 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic solvent is ethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal interconnection element is composed of molybdenum, nickel-cobalt ferrous alloy material, or nickel iron alloy material. The carrier is composed of aluminum or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS - Preferred Components: The olefin-based elastomer has a melt index of less than 25 g/10 minutes measured according to ASTM D1238.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The inorganic particulates comprise silica, silicates, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide particles having an average particle diameter including 0.1, 0.2, 15, 45, and 100 microns. The inorganic particulates (99%) have an average particle diameter of 0.1-45 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The homogeneous single layer integrated back-sheet further comprises: 10 wt.% of a propylene ethylene elastomer comprised of 70 wt.% of propylene derived monomer units and 10 wt.% of ethylene derived monomer units; 10 wt.% of ethylene alpha -olefin copolymer elastomer comprised of 70 wt.% of ethylene derived monomer units and 1 wt.% of alpha -olefin derived monomer units comprising 1-propene, isobutylene, 1-butene, 1-hexane, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene. The thermoplastic polymer adhesive that is a nonaromatic copolymer comprised of 50 wt.% of ethylene derived units copolymerized with the monomer units comprising 3-20C alpha -olefins, 1-4C alkyl methacrylates, 1-4C alkyl acrylates, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic anhydride and glycidyl methacrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The adhesive is a non-aromatic ethylene-based copolymer adhesive plastomer with a melt flow index of greater than 250.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The doped regions are formed by doping the silicon substrate with a dopant selected from the group consisting of boron and phosphorus.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The first insulating material is formed by depositing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyimide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The semiconductor substrate is made of silicone, sapphire, glass, aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide. The metalorganic material is gallium, indium, aluminum, thallium, dimethyl indium, dimethyl gallium, dimethyl aluminum, diethyl indium, diethyl gallium, diethyl aluminum indium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic (preferred) and antimony.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The surfactant is polylysine, polyethyleneimine and chitosan.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The circuit layer is made of copper, silver, nickel, zinc, tin, lead, metal and alloy materials.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The inorganic particulates are selected from calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, kaolin and clays, alumina trihydrate, talc, silica, antimony oxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium sulfate, mica, vermiculite, alumina, titania, wollastinite and/or boron nitride. The polymer layer further comprises a metal layer from the group of metal foils, sputtered metal layers, and metal oxide layers.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fluoropolymer film is a film containing fluoropolymers selected from polyvinylfluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer. The adhesive of the polymer layer comprises at least one rosin based tackifier. The adhesive of the polymer layer comprises a non-aromatic copolymer comprised of ethylene units copolymerized with at least one monomer unit selected from 3-20C alpha olefins, 1-4C alkyl methacrylates, 1-4C alkyl acrylates, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, and glycidyl methacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The plug is made of rubber material. The inner claw is made of flexible plastic material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of the supported-catalyst comprises dissolving main catalyst precursor and co-catalyst precursor in a solvent phase, then mixing the dissolved precursor and milled aluminum-based support to obtain supported catalyst precursor, and then calcining supported catalyst precursor. Preferred Components: The main catalyst is cobalt and/or iron. The co-catalyst is molybdenum or vanadium. The catalyst is present in an amount of 5-40 pts. wt. The mole ratio of the main catalyst to the co-catalyst is 30-1:1. The aluminum precursor is 95-100 wt.% of aluminum hydroxide oxide, aluminum hydroxide or gamma -aluminum oxide, or 0-5 wt.% of alpha -aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide and silicon dioxide. The aluminum-based support has a particle size distribution (d50) of 0.1-1 mu m. Preferred Method: The method for preparing secondary structures of carbon nanostructures comprises setting a set of carbon nanostructures in whole or in part with each other to obtain tube shaped nanostructures. The carbon nanostructures are tangled with each other to obtain tangled structure. The tube shaped nanostructures have contrast ratio, which is determined using an electron microscope, of 90%. The carbon nanostructures have an inner diameter of 0.1-30 mu m or 0.1-200 nm and an inner length of 1 mu m to 10 mm, and an external diameter of 1-100 mu m and an inner length of 5-10000 mu m. EXAMPLE - 870 mg of Cobalt(II) nitrate monohydrate and 120 mg of ammonium heptamolybdate were completely dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water and then 1 g of aluminum hydroxide oxide was added. The mixture was milled at 60 degrees C and a pressure of 85 mb for 30 minutes under mixing to obtain solid supported catalyst precursor. The supported catalyst precursor was pulverized and calcined at 600 degrees C for 4 hours and dried at 120 degrees C for 1 hour to obtain 1.12 g of supported catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The amine is of formula N-(R1)(R2)-R'(I), preferably of formula (Ia).R' and R1=H or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group;R2=optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group;orNR1R2=optionally substituted heterocycle consisting of carbon and nitrogen, and optionally oxygen and sulfur, ring members;a=single or double bond;Het together with the nitrogen to which it is bonded=an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocycle having, in addition to the nitrogen ring member, 4 or 5 ring members selected from at least 2 and at most 5 carbon ring members, 0-3 nitrogen ring members, 0-1 oxygen ring member and 0-1 sulfur ring member (preferably optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocycle having, in addition to the nitrogen ring member, 4 or 5 ring members selected from at least 2 and at most 5 carbon ring members, 0-3 nitrogen ring members).R' is absent when 'a' represents a double bond, or is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group when represents a single bond.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: In the method, 85-100% of the sulfonic acid or sulfonate ester functional groups are neutralized by the amine. Preferred Substrate: The substrate is a natural or synthetic, and/or woven or non-woven material. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The acryl-type polymer comprises 0.01-2 %mass structural unit derived from hydroxyl group-containing monomer, and 85-98 %mass structural unit derived from (meth)acrylate. The content of electroconductive particles is 0.8-4 vol.%. Preferred Properties: The thickness of electroconductive adhesive layer is 7-190 mu m. The average particle diameter of electroconductive particles is 0.1-190 mu m. The electrical resistance value of electroconductive particle is 1x 10-8-10x 10-8 ( Omega )m. The ratio of thickness of electroconductive adhesive layer and average particle diameter of electroconductive particles is 1-19.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The formaldehyde and phenol are in ratio of 3:2. The carbonization is performed in inert atmosphere of nitrogen gas maintained at flow rate of 200 ml/minute, at 700-900 degrees C for 1-2 hours. The activation is performed in presence of carbon dioxide gas maintained at flow rate of 200 ml/minute, at 900-1000 degrees C for 7-8 hours. EXAMPLE - No suitable example is given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The milled aluminum-based support is obtained by mixing an aluminum precursor with a solvent by adding water and cooling at a room temperature, filtering the precipitate, drying the precipitate, and milling the product. Preferred Components: The metal catalyst precursor is present in an amount of 5-40 pts. wt., and consists of cobalt, iron, molybdenum, vanadium, platinum, ruthenium, gold, palladium, rhodium and iridium. The milled aluminum-based support comprises 95-100 wt.% of aluminum oxyhydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and gamma -aluminum oxide, and 0-5 wt.% of alpha -aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide, and has a diameter (d50) of 0.1-1 mu m. The secondary structures of carbon nanostructures have an inner diameter of 0.1-30 mu m, an outer diameter of 1-100 mu m and a length of 5-10000 mu m. The carbon nanostructures have a diameter of 0.1-200 nm, and a length of 10 mm to 1 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The complexing agent is an organic acid with 1-20C. The organic acid consists of citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, palmitic acid and oxalic acid, and further includes hydroxy groups and carboxyl group. A molar ratio of the complexing agent and the metal catalyst precursor is 2-10:0.001-2. EXAMPLE - 870 mg of cobalt(II) nitrate monohydrate and 120 mg of ammonium heptamolybdate were completely dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water. 1 g of Aluminum oxyhydroxide was milled at 60 degrees C for 30 minutes under 10 millibars to obtain a supported catalyst precursor in a solid phase. The supported catalyst precursor was dried at 120 degrees C for 1 hour, crushed and then fired at 600 degrees C for 4 hours to obtain 1.12 g of a supported catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises reacting a metal salt or a metal complex of metal M with corresponding free ligand which is optionally present in deprotonated form, and optionally carrying out deprotonation. Preferred Components: (I) are electrically neutral. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Approximately 66 compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. copper complexes of formula (Ia)-(Id) or silver complex of formula (Ie).    EXAMPLE - 191.1 mg N-((1H-Indol-7-yl)methyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)ethanamine and 98 mg mesityl copper were dissolved in 4 ml toluene and the obtained solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Then the solution was filtered and solvent was removed in vacuum. Then the solution was subjected to sublimation at 1x 10-2 mbar and 180 degrees C to obtain (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene is nanometer sheet comprising polyaniline-nickel-iron catalyst as a carrier. The polyaniline-nickel-iron catalyst is prepared by: carrying out complex reaction of nickel acetate and ethylenediamine, mixing with graphite, roasting at high temperature in presence of inert gas to obtain intermediate A; carrying out complex reaction of polyaniline and ferric nitrate, and mixing with the intermediate A to obtain precursor B1; carrying out complex reaction of polyaniline and ferric nitrate, mixing with graphene to obtain precursor B2; and mixing the precursor B1 and precursor B2, roasting at high temperature in presence of inert gas, crushing, dissolving the product in concentrated sulfuric acid, filtering, and vacuum drying to obtain composite electro-catalyst M.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of bismuth with respect to group V elements is less than 11.5%. The material (A) includes gallium-arsenic-bismuth-based material of formula: GaAs1-xBix, where x is 0-0.15, gallium-arsenic-bismuth-nitride-based material, and/or gallium-indium-arsenic-bismuth-based material. The gallium-arsenic-bismuth-nitride-based material contains 3-10% or less bismuth and 6% or less nickel (excluding 6%) with respect to content of arsenic. The material (A) is grown on gallium arsenide or germanium substrate (10). The gallium-indium-arsenic-bismuth-based material contains 5% or less bismuth (excluding 5%) and 3-60% indium with respect to content of arsenic. The gallium-indium-arsenic-bismuth-based material is grown on indium phosphide substrate. The material (A) further contains 25% or less antimony (excluding 25%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The pigment of water-vapor barrier layer is 50 wt.% or more kaolin. Preferred Properties: The kaolin has average particle diameter of 5 mu m or more, and aspect-ratio of 10 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The binder resin of water-vapor barrier layer is styrene butadiene-type synthetic resin. A coating used for forming the water-vapor barrier layer contains crosslinking agent. The dry coating amount of water-vapor barrier layer and gas barrier layer is 4-30 g/m2 and 0.2-10 g/m2, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mesogen side chain has reactive groups of formulae: H2C=CH-, H3C-CH=CH-, H3C-CH2-CH=CH-, n-Pr-HC=CH-, H2C=C(-CH3)-, H2C=C(-Cl)-, H3C-C(-CH3)=CH-, HCC-, and/or cyclic groups of formulae (i)-(iv).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Composition: The polymer component (A) is poly(meth)acrylate having 6-50C mesogen side chain. The polymer component (B) includes polyalkyleneoxy structure. The block copolymer is preferably of formula (3).R1,R2,R3a=aryl, alkyl, or heteroaryl (all optionally substituted);n,m=1-500;L12=single bond, alkylenyl, arylenyl, alkenylenyl, alkynylenyl, metallocenylenyl, -CO-N(R101)-, -CO-O-, -SO2-N(R102)-, -SO2-O-, -N(R103)-CO-N(R104)-, -SO2-, -SO-, -S-, -O-, -CO-, -N(R105)- or heteroarylenyl;R101-R105=alkyl or aryl (both optionally substituted), or H;L12=2-20C alkylenyl;R4=H or methyl;R5=oxetanyl, epoxy, acrylate, methacrylate, or alkoxy or alkyl (both optionally substituted);andM=6-50C mesogenic group.Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of block copolymer is 1000-100000. Preferred Process: The block copolymer is obtained by carrying out living anion polymerization in a microreactor. EXAMPLE - 0.0541 g 1,1-Diphenyl ethene and 1.58 N hexane solution of n-butyllithium were reacted at -78 degrees C in presence of 5 ml tetrahydrofuran to obtain 3-methyl-1,1-diphenyl pentyl lithium fluid as initiator solution. 0.246 g 11-(4-(4-butyl-phenylazo)-phenoxy)-undecyl-2-methacrylate (A1) solution was added in presence of the obtained initiator solution, and living-anion-polymerization was carried out. 0.3 g solution of hydrophilic polymer (B1) of formula (II) was added to the resultant mixture, and stirred for 30 minutes at 0?oC. The resultant mixture was processed in presence of methanol to obtain block copolymer of formula (III).    R=group corresponding to the side chain of the liquid crystalline monomer (A1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Fluorene-type compound of formula (II) and hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula (III) are reacted to obtain phenolic hydroxyl group-containing fluorene compound (I). Preferred Compounds: The phenolic hydroxyl group-containing fluorene compound (I) is preferably of formula (I'). The hydroxyl group-containing compound (III) is preferably of formula (3A). The epoxy compound is preferably of formula (IV).R2a=H;X1-X3=H or substituent, in which at least one of X1-X3 is hydroxy;Y1-Y3=E or substituent, in which at least one of Y1-Y3 is E;E=group of formula (5);R5=alkylenyl;R6=H or methyl;s=0;andR2b=H.Preferred Composition: The usage amount of hydroxyl group-containing compound (III) is 2 mol or more with respect to 1 mol fluorene-type compound (II). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Phenolic hydroxyl group-containing fluorene compounds (I) i.e. 2-((4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)-4-(9-(4-hydroxy-3-((4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)-5-methylphenyl)-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-6-methylphenol of formula (IA) and 2-(4-((5-(9-(3-((3,5-dimethyl-4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-5-methyl-4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-3-methyl-2-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-2,6-dimethylphenoxymethyl)oxirane are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 190 g 9,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylol-5-methylphenyl)fluorene, 330 g methyl isobutyl ketone, 266 g 2,6-xylenol, and 4.5 g oxalic acid were stirred at 120 degrees C, reacted under vacuum condition, and methyl isobutyl ketone and unreacted 2,6-xylenol were distilled to obtain 2-((4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)-4-(9-(4-hydroxy-3-((4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl)-5-methylphenyl)-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-6-methylphenol (IA).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Device: The device comprises anode, cathode and emitting layer, where emitting layer comprises compound (I), polymer, oligomer or dendrimer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalyst is palladium, palladium complex and/or palladium salt. The halide is Br.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of the compound of formula (I) involves reacting halide or pseudohalide substituted pyrene of formula (Ib) with the organotin compound of formulae (IIb) or (IIIb) in the presence of catalyst, the reaction is conducted under inert atmosphere.R4=H, R2, halide or pseudohalide;R5=1-20C alkyl (preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl).Provided that at least one R4 is halide or pseudohalide. Preferred Compound: The compound of formula (I) is compound of formula (V). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Compounds are specifically claimed as (I) i.e. e.g. 1-(2-furyl)-pyrene-1,6-bis(2-furyl)-pyrene-1,3,6-tris(2-furyl)-pyrene and 1,3,6,8-tetra(2-furyl)-pyrene (IA).    EXAMPLE - 0.562 g of 1-Bromopyrene dissolved in 150 ml of anhydrous toluene, under nitrogen in 250 ml round two-bottom flask were added 1.071 g of 2-(tributylstannyl)furan and 0.46 g of Pd(PPh3). The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 days at 110 degrees C. Subsequently, the mixture was cooled down to room temperature. 100 mL of water was added and the resulting solution was extracted three times with 50 mL of CHCl3. The combined organic layers were washed with 50 mL brine, dried over MgSO4 and evaporated until brown oil appeared. The crude product was purified on the column chromatography to give 1-(2-furyl)-pyrene as a black oil, yield 0.456 g, 85%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic particles are preferably chosen from titania and zirconia. Preferred Property: The average diameter of the set of the non-glass matrix particles is less than 25 microns.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The amount of dopant in the paste is 10-19 wt.%. The dopant includes n-type dopant precursor or p-type dopant precursor. The n-type dopant precursor includes n-type liquid, n-type solid and n-type polymer. The p-type dopant precursor includes p-type liquid, p-type solid, p-type binary compound and p-type polymer. The n-type liquid comprises phosphoric acid and organophosphate. The n-type solid is chosen from phosphorus pentoxide, trisodium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum phosphide and sodium phosphide. The p-type solid is chosen from boric acid, sodium metaborate, sodium borate and boron trioxide. The p-type binary compound is chosen from boronitride, boron carbide, boron silicide and elementary boron. The semiconductor substrate is silicon substrate (110) of solar cell.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is chosen from solvent having linear or cyclic structure, solvent having saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon portion, hydrocarbon-based solvent, alcohol, thiol, ether, ester, aldehyde and ketone. The p-type liquid is boron alkoxide (B(OR)3).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The dopant paste further comprises binder. The binder is polymer soluble in the organic solvent. The binder is preferably chosen from polyacrylate, polyacetal, polyvinyl, cellulose and their copolymers. The n-type polymer is chosen from polyphosphonate and polyphosphazene. The p-type polymer is chosen from polyborazole and organoboron-silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The heat pipe is made from an aluminum material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The heat pipe is filled with acetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxidant is selected from carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and hydrochloric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The oxidant is selected from water vapor polyvalent alcohol, ketone, carboxylic acid, carbonate ester and trichloroacetic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The optical film has total light transmittance of 80% or more, in film thickness of 5-300 mu m, haze of 2% or less and transmittance of 80% or more, in wavelength 550 nm and retardation of 1-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass further comprises 0-0.5 %mass strontium oxide, 0-0.5 %mass barium oxide and 0-1 %mass zirconium dioxide, and does not contain boron trioxide. Preferred Property: The thickness of glass plate is 0.1-1.5 mm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Catalyst: The metal catalyst is copper chloride, copper sulfate, copper nitride, copper bromide, alumina, ( gamma )-alumina, titanium oxide, silica, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, titanium nitride, iron nitride and/or silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from dimethylformamide, acetone, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, 1-4C ether, ethylene glycol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, pyridine, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, 1-5C alcohol and acid. Additive(s) chosen from poly(3-alkylthiophene), acetylene, sulfur nitride, fluorene, tetrathiafulvalene, naphthalene, p-phenylene sulfide, p-phenylenevinylene and their derivatives is further added to the reaction mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): Dehydrogenation of thiophene, monomer chosen from pyrrole, aniline and their derivatives and a halogenated compound is carried out in an organic solvent to obtain thiophene derivative of formula (II). A catalyst is added to the mixed solution obtained and monomer(s) chosen from styrenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, camphorsulfonate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate and dioleylsulfosuccinate is added to the obtained solution, to prepare the block copolymer. Preferred Property: The block copolymer has average particle diameter of 1 nm-100 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The condensate (A) is obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing metal alkoxides (a2) which does not have thiol group with thiol group-containing alkoxysilanes (a1). The polyfunctional olefin (B) is polyfunctional arylate and/or polyfunctional urethane acrylate. The coating composition further contains aliphatic ester-system polyfunctional thiol compound (C). The coating composition contains 5-75 wt.% condensate (A) with respect to 100 wt.% components (A-C).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): The fullerene derivative is prepared by reacting glycine derivative of formula (II) with aldehyde compound of formula: R2-CHO. Preferred Definitions:    R1c,R1d=H or fluoro.    EXAMPLE - 62 mg 2-Fluorobenzaldehyde, 151 mg N-phenylglycine and 350 mg 60C fullerene were added into 100 mL toluene, stirred uniformly and reacted at 120?oC for 15 hours. The resultant reaction mixture was distilled to remove solvent, cooled and purified, to obtain 72.1 mg fullerene derivative with yield of 15.4%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first component comprises zinc or zinc compound particles including zinc sulfide and/or zinc selenide, nanoparticles, and a core material. The core material comprises tin, tin sulfide, tin selenide, copper, copper sulfide or copper selenide, and is coated with a binary composite particle or ternary composite particle. The hybrid ink further comprises salts of sulfur or selenium. The nanoparticles of the first component are insoluble in the solvent. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The second semiconductor layer is made of cadmium telluride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first semiconductor material is made of cadmium sulfide. The porous layer includes a material selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, titanium oxide and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The p-positive-negative type semiconductor layer includes a heavily doped p-positive-negative type material selected from a group consisting of zinc telluride, magnesium telluride, manganese telluride, beryllium telluride, mercury telluride, arsenic telluride, antimony telluride, copper telluride, copper, gold, nitrogen, phosphorus, antimony, arsenic, silver, bismuth, sulfur and sodium metals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Device: The device structure further has a non-polar or semi-polar surface of III-nitride substrate, and an active layer (1002, 1004) comprising quantum well(s) having thickness of more than 3 nm and containing indium composition. Preferred Composition: Partially relaxed III-nitride layer contains indium-gallium-nitride. Partially relaxed III-nitride layer contains 10-30% indium composition. The substrate is gallium nitride substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The formation of photovoltaic device further involves forming a layer comprising zinc and telluride on the substrate. The photovoltaic device has low-ohmic nitrogen-doped zinc telluride (ZnTe:N++) contact layer, p-type cadmium-telluride layer, n-type, compositionally graded cadmium-zinc-telluride layer, low-ohmic indium-doped cadmium-zinc-telluride (CdZnTe:In++) contact, and zinc-telluride buffer layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The photovoltaic thin-film is formed from copper-indium-gallium- selenide (CIGS), copper indium diselenide (CIS) and/or cadmium telluride (CdTe).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises carrying out purification step, after the reaction step. The metal cation-exchange takes place during the purification step. The metal cation exchange is carried out by reacting with a carbonate compound of formula ((Me1)2CO3) and/or with a bicarbonate compound of formula (Me1HCO3). The step of reacting (II) with trialkylsilyl cyanide takes place in the presence of an organic solvent or without using an organic solvent, and is carried out at a temperature of 50-120 degrees C in an open or closed device. Preferred Components: The amount of the trialkylsilyl halide or a mixture of trialkylsilyl halides is 1-20 mole%. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 2 Disclosed compounds (I) are prepared i.e. sodium monofluoro tricyanoborate of formula (K(BF(CN)3)), and potassium monofluoro tricyanoborate.    EXAMPLE - 11 g of Sodium tetrafluoroborate was placed in a flask with PTFE spindle. 100 ml of a mixture of trimethylsilyl cyanide, trimethylsilyl chloride and trimethylsilyl fluoride was added to the sodium tetrafluoroborate. The flask was closed, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 90 degrees C for 4 hours. 20 ml of Fresh trimethylsilyl cyanide and 2 ml of trimethylsilyl chloride were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80 degrees C for 5 hours. Volatile substances were removed from the reaction mixture, and the residue was dried under vacuum at 60 degrees C for 1 day to obtain 13.1 g of sodium monofluoro tricyanoborate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (i), the particle size of silicon dioxide granule, is 300-500 nm. In the step (ii), the ratio of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, is 5:1, and etching time carried out for second time, is 90 seconds. In the step (iii), the concentration of sodium hydroxide added, is 5-10 wt.%, and acid-removing time is 10 seconds. The concentration of sodium hydroxide is same in the steps (iii) and (v), and the acid removing time is 120 seconds. In the step (iv), the ratio of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, is 4:1, and etching time carried out for second time, is 60 seconds. In the steps (iii) and (v), the acid removing process is carried out by washing using water, removing acid, and then washing using clean water. The step (v) comprises drying at 35 degrees C for 60-120 seconds, and then washing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The crosslinking step is carried out at 50-200 degrees C for 10 hours. The method is carried out at a high temperature of 400-900 degrees C for 4-24 hours. Preferred Components: The soluble lanthanum salt is lanthanum chloride and/or lanthanum nitrate. The soluble scandium salt is scandium chloride and/or scandium nitrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The combustion adjuvant is urea, citric acid, oxalic acid and/or hexamethylenetetramine. The alcohol in alcohol-water mix solution comprises methanol, ethanol and/or ethanediol. The alcohol-water mix solution has alcohol and water volume ratio of 0.01:1-1:100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium source is at least one titanyl sulfate, titanium sulfate, titanium tetrachloride, titanium tetraisopropoxide, titanium n-butoxide, titanium tetraethyl amine, tetrapropylammonium or tetrabutylammonium titanium amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The molar ratio of soluble tantalum salt and combustion adjuvant is 1-500. The soluble strontium salt is strontium chloride and/or strontium nitrate. The soluble yttrium salt is yttrium nitrate and/or yttrium chloride. The tantalum soluble salt is tantalum pentachloride and/or tantalum pentamethoxide. The combustion adjuvant is urea and/or citric acid. Preferred Method: The heating rate of temperature programmed muffle furnace is 0.1-100 degrees C/minute. The temperature of the high temperature stage is 600-1000 degrees C; and the holding time is 1-24 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alcohol in alcohol-water mixed solution is methanol, ethanol and/or glycol. The volume ratio of alcohol and water in alcohol-water mixed solution is 0.01-1:1-100.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The soluble tantalum salt and combustion adjuvants have a molar ratio of 1:1-500. The soluble strontium salt is strontium chloride and/or strontium nitrate. The soluble lanthanum salt is lanthanum chloride and/or lanthanum nitrate. The soluble tantalum salt is tantalum pentachloride and/or pentamethyl tantalum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The drying step is carried out at 80-200 degrees C for 10 hours. The calcining step is carried out at 400-900 degrees C for 4-24 hours. The nitriding treatment step is carried out at 500-1000 degrees C for 4-48 hours. Preferred Components: The combustion adjuvants are urea, oxalic acid, citric acid and/or hexamethylenetetramine.
Preferred Definitions:    R1-R12 = fluoro, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tertiary-butyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, triazinyl or quinolinyl;    L1, L2 = phenyl or naphthyl; and    R13 = methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tertiary-butyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, anthracen-9-yl, phenanthren-9-yl, acenaphthen-5-yl, fluoranthen-3-yl, pyren-1-yl, triphenylen-2-yl, biphenyl-4-yl, 4-naphthalen-1-yl-phenyl, 4-naphthalen-2-yl-phenyl, 4-phenyl-naphthalen-1-yl, 1,1'-binaphthalenyl-4-yl, 9H-fluoren-2-yl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl, 9,9'-spirobi(fluorene)-2-yl, dibenzothiophen-3-yl, dibenzofuran-3-yl, 9,9-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl, dibenzothiophen-2-yl, dibenzofuran-2-yl, pyridin-4-yl, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, quinolin-4-yl, isoquinolin-3-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-8-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, biphenyl-3-yl or chrysen-5-yl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 52 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed e.g. 2,7-bis-(1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-dibenzo(a,c)phenazine (Ia), 2-(1-ethyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-7-(1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-dibenzo(a,c)phenazine, 2-(1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-7-(1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-dibenzo(a,c)phenazine, 2,7-bis-(1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-dibenzo(a,c)phenazine and 2-(1-Naphthalen-2-yl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-7-(1-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-dibenzo(a,c)phenazine.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 34 Compounds are specifically claimed as compound (I) e.g. 9-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-N-(9-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N,9-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine of formula (Ia), 9-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl(phenyl)amino)phenyl)-N-(9-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl(phenyl)amino)phenyl)-9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N,9-diphenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine, 9-(4-(dip-tolylamino)phenyl)-N,9-diphenyl-N-(9-phenyl-9-(4-(m-tolyl(p-tolyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine, 9-(4-(dip-tolylamino)phenyl)-N,9-dip-tolyl-N-(9-p-tolyl-9-(4-(m-tolyl(p-tolyl)amino)phenyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine and 9-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-N-(9-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9-phenyl-N-p-tolyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The plastic is polyethylene plastic, polystyrene plastic, polypropylene plastic or polyamide plastic and plastic derivatives.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Selenophene derivative of formula (I) copolymer material is prepared by reacting the compound A of formula (II) and compound B of formula (III) in an inert gas atmosphere, where molar ratio of compound A and compound B is 1:1.5-1.5:1. The obtained material is performed a Stille coupling reaction in solvent and in the presence of catalyst. The obtained material is separated and purified to obtain the desired product. Preferred Components: Catalyst is selected from tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride or tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium. Solvent is selected from tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ether, benzene or toluene. Preferred Process: Compound A of formula (II) is prepare by adding compound C of formula (IV) with butyl lithium in the inert protective gas atmosphere at 78 degrees C, where the molar ratio of compound C and butyl lithium is 1:2. The obtained material is reacted in a solvent for 2 hours and then the obtained material is mixed with tributyl tin chloride at 78 degrees C to obtain reaction liquid. The obtained material is reacted for 6 hours and then the obtained material is added with saturated sodium chloride water solution. The obtained material is separated and purified to obtain compound A of formula (II). Compound B is prepared by mixing compound D of formula (V) and compound E of formula (VI) in the inert gas atmosphere and then the obtained mixture is added with tributylamine and lead acetate to perform a ring closure reaction. The obtained material is separated and purified to obtain desired product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The alkali metal is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, the alkaline earth metal is beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium, the alkali metal carbonate is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, the alkali metal acetate is potassium acetate or sodium acetate, and the alkaline earth metal oxide is barium oxide. The fluorite type oxide is doped MO2 or Ln2O3, where the Ln is selected from yttrium, lanthanum, scandium, samarium, gadolinium and europium, m is cerium and/or zirconium, the fluorite type oxide is Ce(0.6)Zr(0.4)O2 or Ce(0.9)Gd(0.1)O(1.95), the perovskite type oxide (A-B-O3-x), where A is selected from lanthanum, yttrium, scandium, strontium, calcium and barium, B is selected from manganese, cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, copper, vanadium, zinc, zirconium, titanium, magnesium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and gallium, the double perovskite type oxide (A1-B1-B2-O6-y), where A1 is selected from strontium, calcium and barium, b1, b2 is manganese, cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, magnesium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten and tantalum, and y is 0-0.5. The base further comprises ion conductor or proton conductor, where the ion conductive oxide is selected from samarium doped ceria, gadolinium doped ceria, yttria-stabilized zirconia, scandia stabilized zirconia oxide, lanthanum gallate doped silver and magnesium, lanthanum and potassium or sodium doped strontium silicate/germanium strontium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The zeolite is ZSM-5 zeolite molecule sieve. The alkali solution is ammonia water or sodium hydroxide solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction precursor is an aqueous solution of copper nitrate and ferrous chloride or a compound containing ferrous and copper ions. The filling ratio of reaction solution into the reactor is 65-75%. Preferred Method: The reaction precursor is prepared by adding ferrous chloride and copper nitrate in a molar ratio of 1-1.3:1 into deionized water, stirring to dissolve via magnetic stirrer, then adding 4-10 times molar amount of sodium hydroxide as a mineralizing agent, stirring to dissolve and placing stationary. The synthesis of crystal material comprises carrying out centrifugal washing of reaction product using dilute ammonium hydroxide, deionized water and anhydrous ethanol. The reaction product is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 degrees C for 24-48 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The rare-earth oxide is cerium oxide, europium oxide, dysprosium oxide, thulium oxide, terbium oxide, samarium oxide, praseodymium oxide, erbium oxide or manganese oxide. The auxiliary doping element (M) compound is oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of doping element (M). Preferred Definitions:    x=0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19 or 0.20;and    y=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19 or 0.20.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary film and film (c) include indium-gallium-selenium compound (In0.8-0.5Ga0.2-0.5)2Se3. The secondary film includes copper-selenium compound (Cu1.8Se). Preferred Process: Fabrication of layered precursor further involves depositing a cap film (395) including selenium, film (d) including copper-selenium compound, and film (e) including indium-gallium-selenium compound ((In1-y3Gay3)2Se3, where y3 is 0-1).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mass of the electrolyte is 101 %mass or less of the saturation quantity of electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises 0.75-0.95M salt chosen from at least one of tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate and spiro-(1,1')-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate. The electrolyte further comprises 3 g or less electrolyte in addition to the saturation quantity of electrolyte, preferably acetonitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In (I), cerium is present as both trivalent cerium (Ce(III)) and tetravalent cerium (Ce(IV)). The ratio of the Ce(III) species to the Ce(IV) species is 0.1-1. The Ce(IV) species and Ce(III) species comprise a reversible redox couple. The Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox couple is reversible at constant environmental conditions. The Ce(III) content is increasable by up to 33 atomic percent via photocatalytic reduction of Ce(IV) species at ambient conditions. The substrate comprises one or more of aluminum or magnesium, preferably an AZ31 alloy, an AZ61 alloy, an AZ91 alloy, an AM30 alloy, an AM60 alloy, an AA 7075-T6 alloy, an AA 2024-T3 alloy, and Al-clad alloys. The aqueous bath further comprises one or more of an anti-bubbling agent, or an accelerator. Preferred Method: The method further comprises preparing the substrate prior to immersion by one or more of grinding (120), acid treatment (130), and alkaline treatment (140). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The minority carriers are made from gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble metallic compound is chosen from water-soluble silicate, aluminum chloride, ammonium-zirconium carbonate and zinc acetate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary layer consists of silicon. The secondary layer consists of silicon-germanium or silicon oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of gold-plated layer is 95% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises: (f) performing a reduction process of the calcified gel. The step (d) is performed at a temperature of 60-100 degrees C (preferably 70-90 degrees C) for 0.5-1.5 hours. The step (e) is performed at a temperature of 100-120 degrees C (preferably 105-115 degrees C) or 300-500 degrees C (preferably 350-450 degrees C) for 1-3 hours (preferably 1.5-2.5 hours) or 2-4 hours. Preferred Components: A mole ratio of the first aqueous solution, the second aqueous solution and the third aqueous solution is 1:(0.5-1):3. A mole ratio of the first aqueous solution and the second aqueous solution is 1:1. A mass ratio of iron, aluminum and copper in the first aqueous solution is 8:1:1. The catalyst has carbon monoxide conversion ratio of greater than or equal to 80%. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal precursor or metal oxide precursor comprises hydroxide, nitrate, sulfate, acetate or chloride of metal chosen from platinum, ruthenium, molybdenum, tin, palladium, nickel, cobalt, iron, iridium and their alloy. The carbon carrier is chosen from carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nano fiber, carbon nano coil, porous carbon structure, single-walled carbon nanohorn, carbon aerogel, graphene and graphene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is dimethylformamide, ethanol, ethylene glycol and/or diethylene glycol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The window thin film comprises cadmium sulfide material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound of the metal material comprises metal material chosen from titanium, nickel, and molybdenum, and compound with 5B-group element. The compound of metal material is titanium nitride. Preferred Properties: The film thickness of the counter-electrode conductive layer is 400 nm to 2.5 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: Oxidant gas is selected from oxygen, ozone or their mixture.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Process: Manufacture of wavelength conversion material further involves adding, diluting and stirring water in the solution having high viscosity, and raising of viscosity is repeated several times. An aqueous solution obtained by dissolving an element which improves the brightness constituting wavelength conversion nanoparticles, and ligand, is further added, during manufacture of wavelength conversion material. Infrared rays are irradiated to the to-be-solidified solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic solution is citric acid. The glass precursor is organic alkoxysilane or alkoxide. The organic alkoxysilane is 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The alkoxide is tetraethoxysilane. The solvent is methanol. Preferred Property: The pH of solution containing acidic solution is 6-8. The solution containing acidic solution, has viscosity of 500-1500 mPa.second which is higher than the viscosity of the solution before addition of acidic solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anionic surfactant is sulfonic-acid-type surfactant, carboxylic type surfactant, sulfuric ester type surfactant, and phosphate ester type surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The reaction-promoting substance is chosen from carbon material and metal catalyst. The carbon material is graphite, and the metal catalyst is nickel catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The hydrocarbon contains methane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): At least one portion of cyano group of polycyanoaryl ether of formula (II) as precursor, is hydrolyzed, to obtain polycarboxy arylether (I). Preferred Property: The acid value of polycarboxy arylether is 30-200 mg potassium hydroxide/g. Preferred Process: Polycyanoaryl ether is obtained by polymerizing pentafluoro benzonitrile in the presence of a dihydroxy compound of formula: HO-R2-OH and a basic catalyst. Preferred Definitions:    R1=fluoro.    EXAMPLE - 54.6 g Pentafluoro benzonitrile, 63.92 g bisphenol A and 380 g methyl ethyl ketone were added in a flask, 85.13 g potassium carbonate was mixed, polymerization was performed, 350 g methyl isobutyl ketone was injected, filtered, and extracted. Obtained polymer fluid was distilled, extracted, dried and solidified. Obtained product was reacted, 180 g water and 90 g butyl acetate were injected, cooled, extracted, precipitated, filtered, and dried, to obtain polymer having acid value of 105 mg potassium hydroxide/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The (meth)acrylate compound (B2) has group chosen from adamantyl, isobornyl and tricyclodecanyl groups. Preferred Property: The Abbe's number of the cured material is 50 or more. Preferred Definitions:    R1=methyl;    R3,R4=methyl or ethyl;    a=8;    b=0;and    n,m=3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The projecting portion is made of metal including platinum or indium as main component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The light absorption layer is p-type-semiconductor film containing chalcogen compounds, or p-type-semiconductor film containing chalcogen compound particles. The aluminum-gallium nitride film is amorphous film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The second dielectric layer is made of material selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, lithium fluoride, and magnesium fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composite: The composite is in the form of a solid solution as embedded quantum dots. The composite exhibits absorption in the entire solar spectrum. The composite exhibits hydrogen evolution of 5-65 mu mol/hour g. Preferred Components: The nitrogen present in the photostable composite is in the form of nitride. The molar ratio of urea to nitrate salts of zinc, gallium, and indium hydrates is 4.5-5.5 (preferably 5). EXAMPLE - Urea to indium, zinc and gallium nitrates molar ratio was kept constant at 11.422 g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 0.2044 g of gallium nitrate hydrate, 0.4812 g of indium nitrate hydrate and 12 g of urea were dissolved in 10 ml of water and stirred constantly until homogenous solution was formed. This homogenous solution was kept inside muffled furnace which was maintained at 500 degrees C. The voluminous combustion process conducted for 10 minutes resulted in fine dark yellow powder of In2Ga2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dopant is boron.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The film (F1) is polysilazane film (2) or polysiloxane film. Preferred Property: The film (F1) has thickness of 5-300 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal film is thin film made of molybdenum or tungsten. The oxide layer is transparent conductive film of 3-dimensional structure having texture structure.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The group 16 element is sulfur and/or selenium. The reaction liquid contains copper-indium-gallium complex (Cuw(In1-xGax)Az, where w, x and y are 0-1, z is 0-1 (excluding 0) and A is group 16 element) or copper-zinc-tin-selenium sulfide (Cu2-aZn1+bSn(S1-cSec)4+d, where a, b and c are 0-1, and d is -1 to 1). The reaction liquid includes water. The Lewis base inorganic compound is ammonia. Preferred Process: The manufacture of complex and its solution further involve adding sodium, potassium, cesium, antimony and bismuth.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chalcogen element-containing organic compound is chosen from mercaptoethanol, thioglycolic acid, alkylthiol and thioglycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The embossing tool and support surface tool comprise roller    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The substrate comprises film comprising polyolefin, polyester, vinyl cellulose ester and/or polyurethane. The liner comprises polymeric film, coated polymeric film or coated paper sheet. Preferred Process: The method further involves separating adhesive layer and liner, and contacting adhesive layer with adherend.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The sugar battery utilizes metal ions selected from magnesium ion and manganese ion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The hexose sugars are glucose, fructose, starch or maltodextrin. The sugar battery utilizes pH-control buffer that is HEPES buffer. Preferred Process: The NADH or a reduced biomimic is generated using enzymes comprising glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase, transketolase, transaldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, fructose 1,6- bisphosphatase and phosphoglucose isomerase. The NADH or a reduced biomimic is oxidized in the presence of vitamin K3, benzyl viologen, or a biomimetic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Device: The flow battery includes bipolar cell stack comprising of electrically-conductive bipolar electrodes containing metal or conductive form of carbon, which are separated by ion-permeable membranes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acid is chloric acid, and its corresponding salt is chlorate salt. The chlorate salt is chosen from sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, calcium chlorate, magnesium chlorate and zinc chlorate. The anolyte contains electrodeposited metal anode. The electrodeposited metal is zinc. The anolyte further includes buffer containing mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base, and organic hydrogen carrier. The halo-oxoacid compound is of formula: HXO3.X=chloro, bromo or iodo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic hydrogen carrier is capable of producing aromatic compounds or carbonyl compounds upon dehydrogenation, and is chosen from cyclic hydrocarbon, heterocyclic compound and alcohol. The conjugate base is chosen from acetate anion, citrate anion, succinate anion, dihydrophosphate anion, N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfate anion, borate anion, ammonia, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine and trialkylamine of formula: NR3.R=1-4C alkyl.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The ion-permeable membrane is a proton exchange membrane which is sulfonated fluoropolymer-copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The substrate (C) is silicon wafer or glass sheet.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The water-soluble polymer material is chosen from polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol. The coating amount of water-soluble polymer material is 1-10 g/m2 of cover glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate is made of gallium arsenide and indium-phosphide. The sacrificial layer is made of aluminum gallium arsenic, indium aluminum arsenic and aluminum phosphide antimonide. The active layer is formed of III-V Group compounds such as gallium indium phosphonide, gallium indium arsenide, gallium indium arsenide phosphide, and aluminum gallium indium phosphonide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The median diameter of fine particles (A) and fine particles (D) is 1-80 nm and 500-10000 nm, respectively. Preferred Composition: The content of fine particles (A) is 0.1-50 wt.% with respect to the coating liquid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The diffusion-prevention layer has a weight of 1.5x 10-3 mg/mm2 or more. Preferred Components: The component (B) is an organic compound. The fine particles (A) have modified functional groups in the surface. The coating liquid further contains a surfactant (C) and silicon oxide fine particles (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The group III-nitride material is made of gallium nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The surface roughness of the surface of the silicon wafer after isotropic etching is 1.8-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparations (Claimed): Copper complex compound is prepared by reacting phosphine ligand of formula (2) and copper acetylide complex of formula (3) in solvent and acquiring the copper complex compound from reaction liquid. Preferred Definitions:    R3=Et, normal Pr, normal Bu or preferably H or Me;    R2=H; and    R1=Me, isopropyl or preferably Et.    EXAMPLE - Copper complex compound was prepared by adding 10 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran to 739 mg turning magnesium, slowly dripping 3.6 ml 2-ethyl bromobenzene, refluxing for 1 hour at 70 degrees C, dripping at 10 ml anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution of 895 mg o-bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene at 78 degrees C, stirring at 70 degrees C for 20 hours, quenching reaction solution in 30 ml saturated ammonium chloride aqueous solution under 0 degrees C, extracting with dichloromethane, washing with water and salt solution, concentrating by evaporator after drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, obtaining yellow solid, washing with hexane and ethanol and obtaining 603 mg white solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (C) is tertiary amine, and does not have a primary amino group in a structure.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable composition further contains a silanol condensation catalyst (D), a silane coupling agent (E), and a plasticizer (F). The curable composition is 2-component-type composition comprising agent (A1) containing components (A-F), and agent (A2) containing water. The component (A) contains principal chain chosen from oxyalkylene-type polymer, (meth)acrylate-type polymer, and saturated hydrocarbon-type polymer. Preferred Process: A topcoat is coated on the coating film which is obtained by hardening the curable composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The portion of copper exists as copper sulfide. The tin sulfide sintered compact further comprises tin sulfide-copper sulfide-containing eutectic layer covering the surface of tin sulfide particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The composition contained in steel further comprises 0.1 %mass or less niobium, and 0.5 %mass or less copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The component (B) contains 0.6-4 mol/kg aprotic onium salt of formula (I) or (II) in resin skeleton.X=N or P;R1,R2=1-12C hydrocarbyl substituted by hydroxy, ester, alkoxy, or halo;R3=1-18C hydrocarbyl substituted by hydroxy, ester, alkoxy, or halo;Y'=S;A+B'=unsaturated bond;andA+B'+(N or P or S)=heterocyclyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The total content of aluminum phosphate, aluminum hydroxide, potassium pyrophosphate, lithium phosphate and colloidal silica is 15-40 wt.%. Phosphate coating liquid is used during manufacture of copper-indium-gallium selenide solar cell substrate. The concentration of phosphoric acid aqueous solution is 0.001-2 mol/L.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: An oriented polycrystal sintered compact prepared during manufacture of zinc oxide self-supporting substrate comprises zinc oxide, alumina, aluminum nitride, and gallium nitride as a main component. Preferred Properties: The zinc oxide self-supporting substrate has thickness of 20 mu m or more. The average cross sectional diameter of zinc oxide-type single crystal particles is 3 mu m or more. The average particle diameter of particles comprising the oriented polycrystal sintered compact is 1-1000 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The element (X) is boron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, titanium, zinc, gallium, germanium, zirconium and/or indium, preferably aluminum. Preferred Process: The modification of film (A) is carried out using silicon compound, polysilazane, or polysiloxane, preferably polysilazane by sol-gel method. The method further involves applying a coating liquid (b) containing addition compound containing element (X) excluding silicon and carbon and forming coating film (B), and then modifying film by vacuum-ultraviolet-ray irradiation treatment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lubricating agent is chosen from isoparaffin, naphtha, mineral spirit, alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and alcohol. The stretching agent is chosen from isoparaffin, naphtha, mineral spirit, alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and alcohol. The lubricating agent is a different from the stretching agent. The copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene is a fluorinated copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene, preferably perfluoropropylvinylether-modified PTFE.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The stretching ratio of PTFE layer is 2:1-20:1. The PTFE layer has thickness of 0.00005-0.005 inch.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The functional layer of the composite substrate consists of gallium-nitride (GaN)-type semiconductor or single crystal silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The end-capping agent is chosen from 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, 4,4'-biphenol, perfluorobenzene, decafluorobiphenyl, difluorobisperfluorophenylmethane and 6,6'-(perfluoropropan-2,2-diyl)bis(1,2,3,4,5-pentafluorobenzene).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The block copolymer is of formula (II) or (IV).E,E'=end-capping unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The device exhibits coulombic efficiency of more than 95%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cathode is molybdenum sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carboranyl magnesium electrolyte is soluble in ethereal solvent. The ethereal solvent is chosen from tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether and bis(2-methoxy ethyl)ether. Preferred Process: The carboranyl magnesium (I) is obtained by contacting m-carborane (1,7-C2B10H12) with a magnesium-containing Grignard reagent of formula: RMgX and/or R2Mg in a molar ratio of 1:1-1:2. The carboranyl magnesium (II) is obtained by contacting lithium-carborane of formula LiCiBjHp and/or carborane of formula: CiBjHp with magnesium borohydride. The carboranyl magnesium is 1-(1,7-C-p-carboranyl)magnesium chloride.R=alkyl or aryl;andm=1-2. Preferred Definitions:    X=chloride, bromide or iodide;and    Y'=borohydride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The metal-carbene complex (I) is obtained by reacting metal compound with 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazole-containing compound of formula (II).MARX=F, CI, Br, I, PF6 or BF4.Preferred Composition: The metal-carbene complex (I) is preferably of formulae (III)-(VII).R5-R7=R3. Preferred Definitions:    K'=bidentate monoanionic ligand of formula (1);    R74,R'74=linear or branched 1-6C alkyl optionally having functional group, optionally substituted 3-20C cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 6-20C aryl, preferably unsubstituted phenyl, 2,6-dialkylphenyl or 2,4,6-trialkylphenyl, optionally substituted 5-18C heteroaryl or hetero atom;    R75=H, 1-6C linear or branched alkyl or optionally substituted 6-20C aryl;and    L=60 bidentate monoanionic ligand e.g. ligands chosen from formulae (2)-(51).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 55 Specific metal-carbene complexes are claimed e.g. (2-(3-methyl-4-phenyl-5-ylidene-2H-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)platinum(acetylacetonate) of formula (VIII), tris(4-methyl-1,5-phenyl-5-ylidene-triazolyl) iridium, tris(1-phenyl-4(4-fluorophenyl)-5-ylidene-4-methyl-triazolyl)iridium, tris(4-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-phenyl-3-(isopropyl) triazole)iridium and tris(1-phenyl-3-(isopropyl)-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-triazolyl) iridium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc precursor includes zinc acetate, zinc myristate or zinc stearate. The selenium precursor includes sodium hydrogen selenide. The manganese precursor includes manganese(II) chloride hydrate, manganese acetate, or manganese(0) carbonyl. The sulfur precursor includes sulfur powder, sodium sulfide or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-disilathiane. In the step (ii), the mole ratio of manganese/zinc is 0.01-0.9. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The seed formation layer is made of nickel (Ni) material. The conductive layer is made of copper (Cu) material. The capping layer is made of tin (Sn) material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first doping layer is comprised of phosphorus silicate glass, while the second doping layer is comprised of boron silicate glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The corrosive gas is produced by heating mixed acid aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. Preferred Composition: The mixing ratio of nitric acid solution, hydrofluoric acid and mixed acid aqueous solution is 1:0.1-10:0.1-10. The concentration of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid is 40 %mass and 65 %mass, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of copper, zinc and tin is 2:1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ligand comprises sulfolane and/or dimethyl sulfone. The sulfonation agent is chosen from chlorosulfonic acid, sulfuric anhydride, sulfuric acid, fumed sulfuric acid and polyalkyl benzenesulfonic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The styrene-type polymer is chosen from polystyrene, styrene/butadiene copolymer and its hydrogenated substance, and styrene/isoprene copolymer and its hydrogenated substance.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal is selected from molybdenum, tungsten, bismuth, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, gold, cadmium, tin, antimony, barium, lanthanum, hafnium, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, mercury, thallium, lead, polonium or their mixture. The metal-doped chalcogenide thin film includes p-type dopant material selected from niobium, rhenium, germanium, silicon, boron, phosphorus, gallium, indium, antimony, chromium, titanium, nickel, gold, sodium, lithium or their mixture. The metal-dopant alloy is selected from silicon, silicon dioxide, germanium, gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, gallium phosphate, indium phosphate, gallium arsenate, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, lithium-aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, glass, quartz, sapphire, graphite, graphene, plastic, polymer, boron nitride or their mixture.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The metal-doped chalcogenide thin film includes polymer support layer selected from polymethyl methacrylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylchloride, polycarbonate, poly tetra fluoro ethylene or benzyl meta-acrylate.
Preferred Definitions:    R1-R8=H, F, NO2, Me, Et, propyl, isopropyl, tert.-butyl, N-butyl, N-hexyl, Ph, or naphthyl;    L1-L2=empty, single bond, Ph, or naphthyl;    X1-X2=NG3; and    G1-G3=Me, Et, propyl, isopropyl, tert.-butyl, N-butyl, N-hexyl, optionally 1-4C alkyl substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or formulae (1-32).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 46 Compounds (I) are specifically claimed, e.g. formulae (I-1)-(I-5).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparations (Claimed): Aromatic sulfonic acid derivative is manufactured by reprecipitating reaction solution of aromatic sulfonyl chloride of formula (2) , 3-20 carbon containing 1st-3rd class alcohol and tert. amine compound, or pyridine compound in water.m=0 or 1.Preferred Components: Sulfonic acid derivative is aromatic sulfonic acid derivative. Preferred Definitions:    X,Y=Cl or Br;    R=H or 1-6C alkyl;    R1=3-20C alkyl; and    k=1.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 5 of 5 Compounds (1) are specifically disclosed, e.g. 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone-3,3'-disulfonic-acid-2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonic-acid-2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl, 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonic-acid cyclohexyl, 2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonic-acid isobutyl and 3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonic-acid-2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl.    EXAMPLE - 4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone-3,3'-disulfonic-acid-2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl was prepared by stirring and reacting 10 g 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone-3,3'-disulfonyl chlorides, 4.7 g 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol and 17 g pyridines in a 100 ml round bottom flask for 4 hours at room temperature, reprecipitating reaction solution to 100 g pure water, filtering and isolating white solid, dispersing and washing to 100 g pure water, repeating filtration twice and obtaining 11 g white product.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline additive is aqueous ammonia having concentration of 20-35 wt.% with respect to total weight of mixed solution. The etchant solution is 30-50% aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution or 1-4 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The spherical silica-carbon composites are prepared by mixing bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide or bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide and octadecyltrimethoxysilane with a co-solvent containing water, ethanol and an alkaline additive, and agitating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The cation is metal ion or metal complex ion, preferably metal ion. The etching composition further contains Lewis acid containing boron, halogen bonded with boron, or its salt, at least one thickener and microparticles. The Lewis acid contains at least 1 boron compound chosen from the compound which generates the Lewis acid. The salt of ammonium ion and phosphate ion is of formula: (NR4)+.(PX6)- (I). The content of the compound (I) is 5-90 %mass, and the content of boron compound is 5-90 %mass with respect to whole composition.R=H, aliphatic hydrocarbyl or arylalkyl;andX=F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F.Preferred Process: The removal method further involves coating the etching composition on inorganic thin film by printing method, and removing inorganic thin film by heating after coating. EXAMPLE - 1.54 g Sodium hexafluorophosphate, 0.39 g boron trifluoride-monoethylamine complex, 3.2 g long granular form aluminum oxide nanoparticles, 0.39 g (kappa)-carrageenan, 2.24 g pure water and 2.24 g polyethylene glycol were dispersed in ultrasonic homogenizer, to obtain an etching paste. The etching paste was printed on silicon nitride film formed on a silicon wafer. The printed wafer was heat-processed and ultrasonically cleaned with water to remove the silicon nitride film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The filler is chosen from heavy calcium carbonate having average primary particle diameter of less than 1 mu m, titanium oxide, and aluminum hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reactive silicon group of component (A) is dimethoxy(methyl)silyl group. The reactive silicon group of component (A) is same as that of the reactive silicon group of component (C).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable composition further contains filler. The component (A) has 1.2 or more reactive silicon group in 1 molecule, on average. The component (C) is an oxyalkylene-type polymer or (meth)acrylate-type polymer. The component (C) is a component (C1) having, on average, 0-1 (excluding 0 and 1) reactive silicon group in 1 molecule, and a component (C2) which does not have a reactive silicon group. The content of component (C) is 20-100 pts. wt. with respect to total content of 100 pts. wt. of components (A and B). The weight ratio of component (A) and component (B) is 90:10-30:70. The component (A) has more than 1 reactive silicon groups at one terminal, on average. The component (B) comprises a monomer (b1) containing 1-6C alkyl (meth)acrylate, a monomer (b2) containing 7-30C alkyl (meth)acrylate, and monomers (b3 and b4) which do not have 40 wt.% or more reactive silicon group with respect to total monomers. Preferred Properties: The component (C) has number average molecular weight of 1000-15000. The monomer (b3) has homopolymer glass transition temperature of 80 degrees C or less. The monomer (b4) has homopolymer glass transition temperature of -25 degrees C. The component (B) has number average molecular weight of 4000 or more, or 1000-4000
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The fibrous electroconductive material is electroconductive nanowire. The electroconductive nanowire is metal nanowire, semiconducting nanowire, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, and/or conductive polymer nanowire. The metal nanowire is silver nanowire. The curable composition further contains conductive-fiber-coated particles containing particulate material and fibrous electroconductive material that covers the particulate material.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The component (A) further contains compound (A1') having two or more functional groups chosen from epoxy group, oxetanyl group, vinyl ether group, (meth)acryloyl group and aromatic ring, or compound (A2') having molecular weight of 100-1000 and 1 functional group chosen from epoxy group, oxetanyl group, vinyl ether group, aromatic ring and (meth)acryloyl group. The curable composition contains 30-95 wt.% component (B) and 0.01-8 wt.% component (C) with respect to 100 wt.% of total curable composition. The cured material having water vapor permeation rate of 40 g/m2.day or less contains 20 ppm or less outgas and 3 ppm or less acrolein. The component (B) further contains compound having two or more alicyclic epoxy group and having molecular weight of 100-500, compound which does not have ester group and/or carbonate group, alicyclic epoxy compound which does not have aromatic ring or alicyclic epoxy derivative of formula (I). The cation component is aromatic sulfonium salt. The compound (A1') has molecular weight of 100-10000.X=single bond or coupling group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The support substrate is glass plate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of residue (X) of tetracarboxylic acid and residue (A) of diamine is 80-100 mol%, each. The tetracarboxylic dianhydride is chosen from 5,5'-bi-2-benzofuran-1,1',3,3'-tetrone, 1H,3H-furo(3,4-f)(2)benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone, 5-((1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)carbonyl)-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione and hexahydro-1H,3H-furo(3,4-f)(2)benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone. The diamine is chosen from 4-aminophenylamine, 3-(4-aminophenoxy)aniline, 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, 3-aminophenylamine, 4-(4-aminophenoxy)aniline, 4-(9-(4-aminophenyl)-9H-fluoren-9-yl)aniline and 4-((4'-(4-aminophenoxy)-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)oxy)aniline.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of the layer of polyimide resin is 0.1-100 mu m. The surface roughness (Ra) of the exposed surface of the layer of polyimide resin is 0-2 nm. Preferred Composition: The curable resin contains polyamic acid obtained by reacting tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine. Preferred Process: The manufacture of resin-layer-equipped support substrate further involves coating solution of the curable resin or coating composition containing polyimide resin and solvent on the support substrate, forming coating film, removing solvent from the coating film by heat processing at 60-250 degrees C, and forming layer of polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass plate further contains 0.03% or less iron which is converted into ferric oxide, and 0.6% or more potassium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Any of at least one of zinc compound, (Md) compound and (Ma) compound supplies the metal compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monocarboxylic acid salt is used as the monocarboxylic-acid compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of zinc and tin in zinc-tin oxide layer is 1-49 atomic% and 1-30 atomic%, respectively, with respect to total content of zinc, tin and oxygen. Preferred Properties: The thickness of the zinc oxide-type transparent conductive film is 5-1000 nm. The zinc tin oxide (ZTO) layer has water vapor transmission rate of 0.1 g/(m2.day) or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The base material is chosen from polyester, polyimide, polyamide and/or cycloolefin-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The intermediate layer (B) comprises metal oxycarbide of formula: MOaCb (II), where M is chosen from silicon, titanium and aluminum, a is 0.5-1.9 and b is 0.1-10. Preferred Properties: The intermediate layer has thickness of 30-200 nm. The thickness of region having silicon oxynitride composition (I) is preferably 50-150 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fatty acid methyl ester is derived from plant materials such as jatropha oil, palm oil, and cooking oil.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The precursor layer comprises a conducting material including the copper gallium and indium, and the reaction gas comprises the hydrogen gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: A weak acid solution having pH of 3-6 is used in manufacture of platinum-supported catalyst. Metal impurities including sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are removed, during manufacture of platinum-supported catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The organic optoelectronic device consists of primary and secondary electrodes, and an organic layer including hole-transport layer, light-emitting layer, hole-blocking layer, electron-transport layer and electron injection layer, and containing compound (I).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: Compound (I) is preferably chosen from 28 compounds e.g. N-(2-(diphenylamino)ethyl)-N-phenylaniline, N-(2-(bis(4-bromophenyl)amino)ethyl)-4-bromo-N-(4-bromophenyl)aniline, N-(2-(bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)amino)ethyl)-4-tert-butyl-N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)aniline, 4-benzoyl-N-(4-benzoylphenyl)-N-(2-(bis(4-benzoylphenyl)amino)ethyl)aniline and N-(2-(bis(4-diphenyl)amino)ethyl)-4-phenyl-N-(4-diphenyl)aniline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silica sol is silicon dioxide granule of nano-level mixed with water and sodium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The ink composition further contains polyhydric carboxylic acid and cyclohexylamine. The polyhydric carboxylic acid is chosen from oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid and succinic acid. The cyclohexylamine is cyclohexylamine, dimethyl cyclohexylamine and/or diaminocyclohexane. The content of copper formate in ink composition is 1-40 wt.%. The quantity of dimethylamino ethanol is more than 5 molar times of copper formate. The content of formic acid is below equimolarity of dimethylamino ethanol. The quantity of water is 4-25 molar times of copper formate. Preferred Process: A copper metal film is formed by applying the heated ink on substrate in an oxygen concentration of 10% or less. The ink composition is heated at 100-160 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Mixed oxide (I) is chosen from formulae: LixMn(0.14\|v)Cr(1.43\|v)Mg(0.43\|v)O4 (II), LixMn(1.09\|v)Cr(0.50\|v)Mg(0.40\|v)O4 (III), LixMn(0.59\|v)Cr(1.21\|v)Mg(0.20\|v)O4 (IV), LixMn0.14Cr1.43Mg0.43O4 (V), LixMn1.09Cr0.50Mg0.4O4 (VI), and LixMn0.59Cr1.21Mg0.2O4 (VII), where v is 0.05 or less. The lithium source, manganese source, chromium source, and/or magnesium source are metal sources in form of carbonate, sulfate, nitrate, oxalate, chloride, hydroxide, nitrate and/or oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gate dielectric includes silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide or a combination.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The covering layer is formed of silane, ammonia and molecular nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass substrate contains 50-72 %mass silicon dioxide, 1-15 %mass aluminum oxide, 0-10 %mass magnesium oxide, 0.1-11 %mass calcium oxide, 0-18 %mass strontium oxide, 0-11 %mass barium oxide, 1-15 %mass sodium oxide, 2-21 %mass potassium oxide and 0-10.5 %mass zirconium oxide from surface of face (f1) to the depth of 5000 nm, measured by fluorescent X-ray. The total content of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is 4-30 %mass. The total content of calcium oxide, strontium oxide and barium oxide is 3-30 %mass. Preferred Properties: The face (f1) has surface roughness of 0.1-0.5 nm. The glass substrate has glass transition temperature of 580 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The obtained substrate temperature is maintained in a room temperature. The copper-selenide thin film is liquefied at 600 degrees C-700 degrees C and 0.1-1.0 Pascal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic glass is made from aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), gold (Au), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), cerium (Ce), strontium (Sr), ytterbium (Yb), zinc (Zn), platinum (Pt), cobalt (Co), palladium (Pd), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd), beryllium (Be), tantalum (Ta), gallium (Ga), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), lead (Pb), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), phosphorus (P), boron (B), silicon (Si), carbon (C), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), lithium (Li), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), erbium (Er), chromium (Cr), praseodymium (Pr) or thulium (Tm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The handle substrate portion is made of aluminum oxide, mullite, silicon, silicon nitride, germanium, gallium arsenide, silicon carbide, magnesium aluminate spinel, zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide, tin oxide, indium phosphide, beryllium oxide, yttrium aluminum, gallium nitride, indium nitride, gallium aluminum indium nitride, aluminum oxynitride and aluminum nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The impurity comprises a material selected from the group consisting of silicon, magnesium, selenium and tellurium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition : The content of metal oxide powder (A) and metal oxide powder (B) is 80-90 wt.% and 0.5-20 wt.%, respectively. The metal oxide powder (A) is oxide of tellurium, or bismuth, zinc, boron, aluminum, barium, silicon, tungsten or iron. The metal oxide powder (A) is oxide of tellurium, or bismuth, zinc, boron, aluminum, barium, silicon, tungsten and/or iron. The metal oxide powder (B) is oxide of lead, or lithium, sodium, titanium, copper, nickel, vanadium, phosphorus, potassium and/or tin. The conductive powder has aggregation of particles having size of 10-200 nm and particles having size of 0.5-10 mu m. Preferred Property: The metal oxide powder (A) has average particle diameter of 1-3 mu m.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive paste composition comprises 70-90 wt.% conductive powder, 0.7-9 wt.% metal oxide powder, 3.5-18 wt.% organic medium, and 0.7-4.5 wt.% additive.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dot is obtained by carbonizing carbonization material and coal tar oil under inert atmosphere including nitrogen or argon in electrolyte system containing ammonium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Sulfonate-containing aromatic compound is prepared by reacting chlorinating agent and compound of formula (M1) to obtain intermediate product and reacting intermediate product with alcohol of formula R-OH (M2).R=1-10C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 2-6C alkenyl, 3-6C cycloalkenyl, aryl, silyl, acrylate, or methacrylate optionally substituted by 1-10C alkyl, 3-10C cycloalkyl, 2-6C alkenyl, 3-6C cycloalkenyl, aryl, epoxy, or silyl.Preferred Processes: Before reacting with compound of formula (M2), intermediate product is separated from aqueous phase. Sulfonate-containing aromatic compound in resulting aqueous phase is separated and purified. Preferred Components: Chlorinating agent is thionyl chloride, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus oxychloride, oxalyl chloride, phosgene, diphosgene, and/or triphosgene. Preferred Definitions:    X=ketone;    Y'=F; and    N', R=1-10C alkyl or aryl optionally substituted by 1-10C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composite alkali contains anhydrous potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide in molar ratio of 1:2-4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inert composite solvent comprises two solvents of sulfolane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and/or dimethyl sulfoxide in volume ratio of 1:0.5-1.5. The water carrier is toluene, xylene or chlorobenzene. The ratio of diphenolic acid and composite alkali is 0-60 g:100 ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The weight average molecular weight of poly(aryl ether sulfone) is 1000-150000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The antimony compound is antimony trichloride, triphenylantimony dichloride, tris-diphenyl antimony bromide, and/or diisopropyl dithiophosphate. The sparingly soluble or insoluble of inorganic tin compound is tin carbonate, dibutyltin sulfide, and/or dibutyltin tin oxide. Preferred Components: The surface active agent is alkyl phenol ethylene oxide condensate or hexadecyl sodium sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I) comprises: (a) milling all raw materials with fluxing agent in a mass ratio of 1:1.5-3 via ball-mill at 100-150 rotations/minute; (b) sieving the ground material, conveying into a corundum crucible, placing in a furnace and carrying out high-temperature solid phase sintering at 900-1200 degrees C for 3-8 hours at a rate of 150-250 degrees C/hour, removing the material from oven, cooling and sieving; and (c) loading the resultant material into the corundum crucible, placing in the furnace and carrying out high-temperature solid phase sintering at 900-1300 degrees C for 3-8 hours, removing the material from oven, cooling, crushing and sieving. Preferred Components: The alkaline earth metal (M) source is carbonates of magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium. The phosphate source is ammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The yttrium source is yttrium oxide or yttrium carbonate. The ytterbium source is ytterbium oxide. The lanthanide (Ln1 and Ln2) source is oxides and hydroxides of terbium, praseodymium, europium, thulium, neodymium, manganese or cerium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxidant is chromium trioxide and/or potassium dichromate. The oxidant is nitrate or nitrite. The concentration of oxidant is 0.01-0.5 mol/l. The concentration of hydrofluoric acid is 1-15 mol/l. The nitrate is sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and/or ammonium nitrate. The nitrite is sodium nitrite, or potassium nitrite and/or ammonium nitrite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The dielectric thin film includes amorphous silicon nitride, amorphous silicon oxide, amorphous silicon or amorphous aluminum oxide, preferably amorphous silicon nitride or amorphous silicon oxide. The reaction gas comprises silane, ammonia, nitrous oxide, trimethylaluminum, aluminum chloride, disilane and oxygen, preferably silane, ammonia, nitrous oxide and disilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The soluble copper salt includes copper chloride, copper nitrate and copper acetate. The soluble zinc salt includes zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate and zinc acetate. The soluble tin salt is stannous chloride, tin sulfate, tin nitrate, tin acetate or tetravalent metal tin chloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thioamide compound is chosen from thioacetamide and thiourea.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The pH is adjusted using component chosen from hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lower alcohol is chosen from methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The impurity-removal agent is aluminum salt, magnesium salt or calcium salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reducing agent is chosen from hydrazine, hydrazine sulfate, phenylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine sulfate, ammonium hydroxide and hydroxylamine sulfate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is chosen from N-methylpyrrolidone, isopropyl alcohol, water, propanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic porous membrane comprises polymer material chosen from polysulfone, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyaryletherketone, polyethersulfone or polyetherimide. Preferred Properties: The pore size, porosity, tensile strength and tensile elongation and thickness of organic porous membrane is 5-30 mu m, 35-85%, 15-200 MPa, 20% or more and 5-300 mu m, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of cobalt and titanium dioxide is 1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The material of the p-doped semiconductor layer is cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium selenide (CuInSe), indium phosphide (InP), tin sulfide (SnS), copper oxide (Cu2O) or silver oxide (Ag2O). The material of the n-doped semiconductor layer is indium phosphide (InP), cadmium sulfide (CdS), zinc sulfide (ZnS) or zinc oxide (ZnO). The material of the absorber layer is lead sulfide (PbS), lead selenide (PbSe), lead telluride (PbTe), mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe), samarium sulphide (SMS), indium nitride (InN), or mixed crystals.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metallic nano-particles are made of metal that is selected from a group comprising silver, copper, aluminum, rhodium, iridium, cobalt, zinc, nickel, bismuth, lead, iron, palladium, platinum, stannum, titanium and alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The latter organic coating layer is made from citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tanning acid, lipoic acid, polyethylene glycol and polyethyleneimine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition (C1) comprises 50-70 wt./wt.% of catalyst; and 20-40 wt./wt.% of support material. The catalyst composition (C1) is 60 wt./wt.% of Ni, 5 wt./wt.% of Cu, 5 wt./wt.% of Zn, and 30 wt./wt.% of Al2O3. The catalyst composition (C1) is a mixed oxide with meso or micro pores with nano or microsize of metal (NiO) particles. Preferred Process: In process (P3), the reactor is selected from fixed bed tubular reactor and fluidized bed reactor, preferably from fixed bed tubular reactor. The temperature is 750 degrees C. High purity bamboo-like carbon nanotubes are produced preferentially to amorphous carbon. The high purity of bamboo shaped carbons is obtained with outer and inner diameter of 60-55 nm or 25-30 mu m or 2-3 mu m in length. High purity bamboo shaped carbon nanotubes are separated by centrifugation. Preferred Components: The catalyst is selected from Ni, Co, and Fe. The modifying agent is selected from Cu, Zn, oxides of Cu, and/or oxides of Zn. The support material is selected from alumina, zirconia, titania, silica, niobia, zeolites, MCM-22 (Si/Al zeolite), mesoporous oxides and microporous oxides (preferably Al2O3, SiO2 and MCM-22, especially gamma -alumina). Salts of Ni are selected from nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel formate, nickel acetate and nickel carbonate. Salts of Co are selected from cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt formate, cobalt acetate, and cobalt carbonate. Salts of Fe are selected from iron nitrate, iron chloride, iron formate, iron acetate, and iron carbonate. Salts of Cu are selected from copper nitrate, copper hydroxide, copper carbonate, and copper acetate. Salts of Zn are selected from zinc acetate, zinc hydroxide, zinc formate, zinc carbonate and zinc nitrate. The carrier gas is selected from nitrogen and hydrogen (preferably hydrogen). The carbon nanotube is bamboolike carbon nanotube. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In method (M1), hyperuniformity is measured by determining the observed value S(k-0). The observed value S(k-0) is less than 0.035 (preferably less than 0.028, especially less than 0.016, particularly approximately 0.0075). EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The primary layer and secondary layer further comprise zinc, selenium, mercury, lead or sulfur. The photovoltaic device further comprises buffer layer comprising oxide of zinc, tin, titanium and indium. The transparent conductive oxide layer comprises transparent conductive oxide. The copper-containing layer comprises copper sulfide, copper selenide or copper-doped zinc telluride. The copper-containing layer is formed using copper solution comprising copper acetate or copper chloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The melting point of metal powder is more than 1500 degrees C. Preferred Composition: The composition further contains nickel and tin. The content of metal powder and catalyst is 1-30 wt.% and 0.1-10 wt.%. The catalyst is rhodium, ruthenium, carbide, platinum and/or palladium. The carrier is alumina, silica, ceria, zirconia, titania and/or zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of binder is 10-80 wt.%. The binder contains alumina sol, silica sol, ceria sol, zirconia sol, titania sol and zeolite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nanofiller component comprises surface-modified nanoparticles comprising silica, alumina, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, fused silica, borosilicate, quartz, and/or glass. The slurry contains 0.2-1 wt.% nanoparticles. The excitation medium is plasma discharge. The plasma discharge is sub-atmospheric continuous wave plasma generated by radiofrequency power supply. Preferred Property: The structure has shear bending strength of 50 MPa or more and/or shear modulus of 1 GPa or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The monomer is olefin monomer of formula (I), and is chosen from hydroxyl monomer, organic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and acrylic monomer, preferably 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.R1-R3=H, alkyl or aryl;R4=X-OH;X=amido, alkyl and/or aryl bridging group or group of formula: -C(O)O(CH2)n-;andn=1-10.Preferred Process: The nanoparticles are surface-modified with silanol or silane, to comprise functional group capable of reacting with the olefin monomer (I). The olefin monomer (I) and nanofiller component are introduced simultaneously into the atomized precursor slurry. The substrate components are positioned to be clear of the excitation medium during exposure to the monomer and nanofiller component. The polymer nanocomposite bridges the join.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The triaryl isocyanurate is obtained by reacting allyl chloride and sodium cyanate or isocyanuric acid. Preferred Composition: The content of 1,3-dichloropropene in cis form and/or trans form in allyl chloride is 200 ppm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon and silicon contained in lithium-containing oxide sputtering target are suppressed to less than 0.01 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Reactants: The metal salt is metal halide, preferably zinc chloride, copper chloride, ferrous chloride or manganese chloride. Preferred Method: The polymerization is carried out in vacuum or inert atmosphere selected from in nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The heteroatoms include 1-14 5-15 mass.% boron, 5-15 mass.% oxygen, 0.7-5 mass.% fluorine, 3-18 mass.% phosphorus, 1-8 mass.% sulfur, 1-7 mass.% chlorine, 2-10 mass.% bromine and/or 3-12 mass.% iodine. The aromatic nitrile compound includes phthalonitrile, isophthalonitrile, benzonitrile, 1,3,5-cyanophenyl, 2,6-dicyano-pyridine, 2,4-di-cyano-pyrazole and/or cyano-biphenyl-4,4'-piperidine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Zinc sulfate, thiourea and ammonium chloride are dissolved in deionized water. A chemical bath used in preparation of zinc sulfide thin film contains 0.005-0.3 mol/L zinc sulfate, 0.005-0.l mol/L ammonium chloride, 0.05-2 mol/L thiourea, 0.1-3 mol/L aqueous ammonia and 0.1-2 mol/L hydrazine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Conditions: Pressing and heating are performed at 620-650 degrees C with pressure of 60-80 MPa for 15-20 minutes in steel mold with diameter of 120 mm. Blank is heated to 480-560 degrees C at 450-550 degrees C to form 100x 10 mm aluminum plate. Blank plate is heated in induction furnace at 380-480 degrees C. Rolled is 10 mm-5 mm-1 mm 3-pass rolling with temperature of 350-450 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the pre-cleaning process includes cleaning the silicon wafer with a mixed solution of 0.18-0.22 wt.% sodium hydroxide and 2-5 vol.% hydrogen peroxide for 240-300 seconds, then processing the silicon wafer again with 0.15-0.25 wt.% sodium hydroxide for 240-300 seconds. In the step (iii), the cleaning of etched silicon wafer is sequentially carried out in a fast row groove, then in a water tank for 240 seconds, in acid tank for 240 seconds using 10.7 vol.% hydrogen fluoride, and in water tank for 240 seconds. Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the dosage amount of: solid sodium hydroxide is 180 g/200 sheets and alcohol-free additive is 80 ml/200 sheets for 156x 156 monocrystalline; and solid sodium hydroxide is 150 g/200 sheets and alcohol-free additive is 60 ml/200 sheets for 125x 125 monocrystalline.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first substrate is formed of germanium. The first epitaxial structure is formed of gallium arsenide, indium-gallium-phosphide or indium-gallium-arsenide. The second substrate is formed of gallium arsenide. The sub-cells are formed of indium-gallium-arsenide, indium-gallium-arsenide-phosphide, aluminum-indium-gallium-arsenide or aluminum-indium-gallium-phosphide. The bonding metal layer is formed of gold-germanium alloy, gold-tin alloy, gold-beryllium alloy or gold.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon is Vulcan XC-72.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst further comprises 0.5 wt.% ruthenium component. The content of nickel component, cerium oxide component and gadolinium oxide component is 20 wt.%, 70 wt.% and 10 wt.%, respectively. The content of nickel component in catalyst is preferably 19.5 wt.%. The content of hydrogen and nitrogen required for activating the catalyst is 30 wt.% and 70 wt.%, respectively. The content of nitrogen, hydrogen, and water required for regenerating catalyst is 45 wt.%, 30 wt.%, and 45 wt.%, respectively. Preferred Properties: The catalyst is in form of pellets. The catalyst powder has particle size of 10-20 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of glycine with respect to nitrate of glycine-dissolved solution is 1.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average size of graphene quantum dots in single layer is 3-5 nm. The porous graphene has BET surface area of 204-240 m2/g. Preferred Process: Ethanolic solution of porous graphene is mixed with 1,10-phenanthroline mixture at 27-30 degrees C for 20-24 hours. The solvent in the mixture is evaporated at 50-60 degrees C for 10-12 hours, to obtain composite material. The composite material is heated at 800-900 degrees C for 1-3 hours in furnace saturated with inert atmosphere, cooled and washed, to obtain nitrogen-doped porous graphene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The semiconductor particles are manufactured in inert gas atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The blend ratio of the lithium-nickel-based complex oxide in the positive electrode active material layer is 50 wt.% or less. The lithium-nickel-based complex oxide is of formula: LiaNibMcCodO2, where a is 0.9-1.2, b is 0.49-0.51, c is 0.29-0.31, d is 0.19-0.21, M is chosen from manganese, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tungsten, phosphorus, aluminum, magnesium, vanadium, calcium, strontium and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light-absorption layer further comprises p-CZTS layer provided on one surface of light-absorption layer and i-CZTS layer provided on other surface of light-absorption layer. The copper concentration of the p-CZTS layer is 22-24 %mass. The copper concentration of i-CZTS layer is 18-22 %mass. Preferred Properties: The thickness of p-CZTS layer and i-CZTS layer is 200-800 nm and 400-1200 nm, respectively. Preferred Process: The p-CZTS layer is obtained by sulfurating the precursor comprising copper-zinc-tin-containing compound of formula: CuaZnbSn, where a is 1.4-2.2, b is 0.8-1.4 and a/b is 1.6-2.2. The i-CZTS layer is obtained by sulfurating the precursor comprising copper-zinc-tin-containing compound of formula: CueZnfSn, where e is 1.2-1.9, f is 0.8-1.4, e/f is 1.4-1.9 and e is less than a.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The base polymer is an organic polymer. Preferred Definitions:    X=anions selected from hydroxide, chloride, bromide, iodide, borate, tetrafluoroborate, cuprate, copper (I) chloride, phosphate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroantimonate, perchlorate, nitrate, sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfoimide, phosphate, alkylcarbonate, dicyanamide, thiocyanate or tricyanomethanide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation is given. Preferred Component: The active layer is p layer or i layer. Preferred Definitions:    electron withdrawing substituent=group of formula (i) or (ii);    R21-R24,R31-R34=H, halo, cyano, or 1-40C alkyl, 6-30C aryl or 5-30C heterocyclyl (all optionally substituted);    X1=C or N;    any one of R21,R24,R31,R34=H, or group chosen from groups of formulae (iii)-(v);    R41-R49=R21;    X2,X3=O, S or Se;    R22,R23=H or fluoro;and    R3,R4=thiophene substituted by 6-40C alkyl.    When X1 is N, R23 does not exist.    EXAMPLE - 6 g (2,12-Bis(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-17-(tributylstannyl)-6,16-dithiapentacyclo(11.7.0.03,11.05,9.015,19)icosa-1(20),2,4,7,9,11,13,15(19),17-nonaen-7-yl)tributylstannane, 5.1 g 4-bromo-7-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 92 mg tris(dibenzylidene acetone)dipalladium(0) and 0.5 mmol tri-tertbutylphosphine were dissolved in 50 ml tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen atmosphere. 3.2 g Potassium phosphate was added and refluxed for 5 hours. Obtained solid was filtered and washed with toluene, methanol and water, to obtain 2.6 g 4-(2,12-bis(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-17-(7-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl)-6,16-dithiapentacyclo(11.7.0.03,11.05,9.015,19)icosa-1(20),2,4,7,9,11,13,15(19),17-nonaen-7-yl)-7-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The surface includes aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The dopants include indium, gallium, aluminum, arsenic and antimony.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first transparent inorganic dielectric layer is made of titanium oxide. The anti-reflection layer is made of silicon nitride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aqueous solution composition further contains ammonia and carboxylate ion. The metal ion is chosen from cadmium, zinc, indium and tin. The metal sulfide thin film and metal sulfide microparticles contain a carbon compound having a carbonyl bond. Preferred Definitions:    at least 1 of R1-R4=guanyl;and    at least one of R2,R4=H.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ion (B) is anion, preferably citrate ion. The metal ion is zinc ion. The anion (A) is inorganic ion, preferably sulfate ion, thiocyanate ion, thiosulfate ion, fluoride ion and chloride ion. The metal compound is metal sulfide and contains thiourea as sulfur source.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The content of structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate of the methacryl resin (A) is 99 %mass or more. The film comprises 100 parts mass methacryl resin (A) and 1-10 parts mass polycarbonate resin. Preferred Property: The methacryl resin (A) has melt flow rate of 0.1-10 g/10 minute measured at 230 degrees C under 3.8 kg load. Preferred Process: The methacryl resin (A) is prepared using anion-polymerizing method by mixing methacryl resin (I) manufactured by anion-polymerizing method and methacryl resin (II) different from the resin (I). The methacryl resin (II) is manufactured by radical polymerization method. Methacryl resin (A), and polycarbonate resin or polyester resin are melt-kneaded to obtain methacryl resin composition.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The bead comprises a second element other than carbon. The second element consists of oxygen, sulfur, silicon, calcium, nitrogen, fluorine, sodium, gallium or aluminum. The bead comprises 40-99 atm.% of carbon, 0.5-30 atm.% of oxygen, 0.01-5 atm.% of sulfur, and 0.01-30 atm.% of silicon. The mixture is placed in a first heat zone. The bead grows in a hemispherical groove of a culture plate in the second heat zone. The first heat zone is heated at a temperature of 800-1000 degree C. The second heat zone is heated at a temperature of 1000-1200 degree C. The chlorine source reactive gas is supplied in the first heat zone. The nitrogen source reactive gas is supplied in the second heat zone. The culture plate is made of a graphite material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The stainless steel material contains 0.0001-0.15 %mass carbon, 0.001-1 %mass silicon, 0.001-1 %mass manganese, 0.05-2.5 %mass nickel, 13-18.5 %mass chromium, 0-0.2 %mass copper, 0-0.5 %mass molybdenum, 0-0.05 %mass aluminum, 0-0.2 %mass titanium, 0-0.2 %mass niobium, 0-0.2 %mass vanadium, 0-0.01 %mass boron, 0.005-0.1 %mass nitrogen and remainder of iron and unavoidable impurities, or 0.0001-0.15 %mass carbon, 0.001-1.2 %mass silicon, 0.001-1.2 %mass manganese, 0.001-0.04 %mass phosphorus, 0.0005-0.03 %mass sulfur, 0-0.6 %mass nickel, 11.5-32 %mass chromium, 0-2.5 %mass molybdenum, 0-1 %mass copper, 0-1 %mass niobium, 0-1 %mass titanium, 0-0.2 %mass aluminum, 0-0.025 %mass nitrogen, 0-0.01 %mass boron, 0-0.5 %mass vanadium, 0-0.3 %mass tungsten, 0-0.1 %mass total of calcium, magnesium, yttrium and rare-earth element, and remainder of iron and unavoidable impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The structure includes metals which are arranged regularly.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thickness non-uniformity of aluminum nitride nucleation layer and gallium film is 1-3%, each.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid (6) is silicic acid aqueous alkali solution. The liquid (8) is mineral acid. Preferred Process: The manufacture of non-liquid material further involves heating liquid (6), forming carbon containing-silicic acid aqueous alkali solution by mixing silicic acid aqueous alkali solution and carbon powder, and depositing amorphous silica by mixing liquids carbon containing-silicic acid aqueous alkali solution and mineral acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: Average value of distance from outermost surface to top of hole with diameter of greater than or equal to 20 nm is 10-80 nm. Average diameter of hole is 15-100 nm. Average roughness (Sa) of outermost surface is less than or equal to 3 nm. Preferred Compositions: Hole with diameter of greater than or equal to 20 nm exists in inner side of silica-based porous membrane as independent hole. Mass ratio (matrix precursor/particle) in coating liquid is 0.7-6 in silicon dioxide (SiO2) conversion. Particle contains carbon or organic polymer. Organic polymer is homopolymer and/or copolymer of monomer chosen from methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene, and isoprene. Preferred Definitions:    Y1=double bond.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thin film (10) consists of thin film (11), thin film (12) and thin film (13) formed on plasma substrate (20). The volume ratio (V1) of oxygen with respect to hexamethyldisiloxane in thin film (11) is 10 or more. The volume ratio (V2) of oxygen with respect to hexamethyldisiloxane in thin film (12) is 2-3. The volume ratio (V3) of oxygen with respect to hexamethyldisiloxane in thin film (13) is larger than the volume ratio (V2) of oxygen with respect to hexamethyldisiloxane in thin film (12).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The ceramic film contains ceramic chosen from chromium nitride, boron nitride, aluminum oxide, titanium nitride and silicon carbide. Preferred Properties: The chromium oxynitride film and ceramic film are crystalline, respectively. The crystal grain diameter of chromium oxynitride film and ceramic film is 200 nm or less.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxygen content of chromium oxynitride film is 10 mol% or less. The metal material is stainless steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The quantum dot comprises a core-shell cadmium selenide-zinc sulfide quantum dot or dihydrolipoic acid(DHLA-)/sodium ion-coated core-shell cadmium selenide-zinc sulfide quantum dot.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 1-8C tetralkylammonium is chosen from tetramethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetraethylammonium and tetraoctylammonium. The salified acid group is chosen from carboxylate, sulfonate and phosphate group, preferably carboxylate group. The ligands are ligands based on lipoic acid. The ligand is dihydrolipoic acid, and the counter cation is sodium ion. The solvent (S1) is methanol, ethanol or water. The base is Bronsted base, preferably hydroxide. The salt is triflate, bromide or perchlorate salt. The cation of the base or salt is 1-8C tetralkylammonium cation and is chosen from tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetra(n-butyl)ammonium and tetra(n-octyl)ammonium. The solvent (S2) is hexane. Preferred Process: The manufacture of quantum dots further involves solubilizing the obtained quantum dots in a polar solvent, preferably water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The optical vortex is a circular polarized light having total angular momentum of more than 0.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is azo polymer and/or spiropyran-type polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The curable epoxy resin composition further contains curing catalyst and hardening accelerator.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of vinyl monomer with respect to sulfone-based compound used during the manufacturing process is 1:10-500. The sulfone-based compound is obtained by reacting sulfone compound of formula (VIII) and halogen compound of formula: Z-X2 (IX). The sulfone compound is prepared by reacting dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone compound and alkali-metal compound, generating hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula (X), and reacting hydroxyl group-containing compound and dihalo-dicarboxylic compound of formula (XI).X2=halo.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): The sulfone-based block copolymer is manufactured by polymerizing a sulfone-based compound of formula (IV) and a vinyl monomer of formula: H2C=C(-R3)(-R4) (V).X=halo;andZ=group of formula: H2C=C(-R)-CH2- (vi) or H2C=C(-R)-C(=O)- (vii).Preferred Process: The sulfone-based compound and vinyl monomer are polymerized by radical polymerization method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotubes are chosen from single walled, double walled and multi walled nanotubes. The nanocomposite composition is gold-titanate-nitride composition, silver-titanate-nitride composition, platinum-titanate-nitride composition, palladium-titanate-nitride composition or iridium-titanate-nitride composition. Preferred Process: The preparation of composition further involves dispersing transition metal oxide in water-ethanol solution, adding source of carbon to obtained solution, ultrasonically-processing till uniform dispersion is obtained, optionally adding aqueous solution of salts of noble metals to obtained dispersion and heating at 180 degrees C for 5-6 hours. Preferred Properties: The gold-titanate-nitride composition has pore diameter of 6-10 nm and surface area of 150-250 m2g-1, and exhibits 640-1510 mu mol/g. hours solar hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - BIOTECHNOLOGY - Preferred Polypeptide: The nanowire polypeptide is genetically modified and does not have a sequence that is identical to an unmodified sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1-10. At least one hydrophobic or apolar amino acid is replaced with a hydrophilic or aromatic amino acid. The nanowire polypeptide or encoded polypeptide comprises at least one amino acid replaced with a tyrosine or tryptophan residue. It comprises at least one amino acid replaced with an aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine or arginine residue. At least 50% of the nanowire polypeptide's secondary structure is alpha -helical; or the encoded polypeptide has at least 50% of the polypeptide's secondary structure as alpha -helix. The nanowire polypeptide or encoded polypeptide assembles into an electrically conductive pilus. It comprises no metals. The nanowire polypeptide is chemically modified to modulate the conductive, adhesive or coupling properties of the nanowire polypeptide. It is chemically modified using a reagent selected from performic acid, a peroxide, iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, bissulfosuccinimidyl suberate, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, N-ethylmaleimide, or methyl methanethiosulfonate and S-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl methanesulfonothioate. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic aldehyde compound is chosen from aromatic aldehyde of formulae (3a), (3b), (3c) and (3d). The phenolic compound is chosen from 2,3-dimethylphenol, 2,5-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 3,4-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The hydroxystyrene resin (A) is a copolymer (A1) containing hydroxystyrene derivative and/or hydroxystyrene, or copolymer (A2) containing styrene derivative and/or styrene. The content of hydroxystyrene in copolymer (A1) is 50-90%. The positive-type photosensitive resin composition further comprises alkali-soluble resin (E) having structure chosen from polybenzoxazole structure, polybenzoxazole precursor structure, polyimide structure, polyimide precursor structure and polyamide structure, silane coupling agent (F) and thermal crosslinking agent (G).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixed gas further contains gas containing nitrogen atom, oxygen atom and/or argon atom in a molecule. The silicon substrate is polycrystalline-silicon substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The curable composition further contains an acid generator. The vinyl ether compound further has a cyclic structure in molecules.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The hard-coat layer has a thickness of 10 mu m or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The monomer mixture comprises styrene, vinylidene chloride and glycidyl methacrylate. (I) comprises alkylamines including trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine and diamines, and pyridine. The polymer mixture further comprises a crosslinking agent including a photo-crosslinking agent or thermal crosslinkable agent such as styrene, glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, dimethyl acrylate amid (N,N-dimethylacrylamide), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. Preferred Method: (II) is prepared by reacting polysulfone or polyetheretherketone with sulfuric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The porous substrate comprises polyethylene, and polypropylene or polyvinylidene fluoride. The polymer mixture comprises the polymer, the dimethylformamide and (I) with a weight ratio of 1:4:1.5. The polymer mixture comprises (II) that is dissolved in a dimethylacetamide solvent. The polymer mixture is in a form of the aqueous solution with a concentration of 7.6 M. Preferred Method: The step of coating the polymer on the base film further comprises a surface roughening process. (I) is prepared by bromination of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The secondary substrate contained in the optoelectronic device is made from quartz, glass, and/or sapphire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The substrate (A) contains silicon and/or silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas barrier layer further contains aluminum compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ionic liquid in the resin layer comprises ammonium system cation or phosphonium system cation, and N-acylamino-acid ion or carbonic acid-type anion. Preferred Process: A layer is formed between the base material and gas barrier layer, using raw material gas comprising organosilicon compound on the surface of base material and oxygen gas, by discharge plasma chemical vapor deposition method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The polygonal support glass is rectangular-shaped support glass, and the glass film is rectangular-shaped glass film. The protrusions have size of 1-50 mu m in the glass film side from the joining face of the support glass, and the width dimension of the direction where the peeling region follows the joining face of the support glass is 0.5-5 mm. The surface roughness Ra of each joining face of the glass film and the support glass is 2 nm or less. The thickness of the glass film is 300 mu m or less. Preferred Composition: The protrusions comprise a glass tape thinner than the glass film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The crystal structure of the solar cell material has hexagonal structure with cell parameter: a (in Angstrom )=4.29579+0.04807x-0.202x 2 and c (in Angstrom )=7.00456+0.0834x-0.36221x 2.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The solar cell is made of the monocrystal, the poly-crystal, the thin film type, the amorphous silicon thin film, the compound semiconductor cadmium telluride, the compound semiconductor copper indium gallium selenide or the dye sensitive dye-sensitized solar cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The zinc oxide powder and tetraethyl orthosilicate are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.3-5. The basic solution comprises ammonium hydroxide solution. The zinc oxide powder and manganese precursor are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.01-0.1. The manganese precursor comprises manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate, manganese(IV) sulfate, manganese(II) chloride and/or manganese(II) nitrate tetrahydrate. Preferred Method: The heat-treating step is carried out at 800-1200 degrees C in the presence of oxygen atmosphere. The zinc oxide powder is prepared by dispersing zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc sulfate, zinc chloride and zinc nitrate in a solvent and then adding lithium hydroxide, stirring the solution and then heating at 40-90 degrees C, preferably 120-200 degrees C, centrifuging the solution to obtain a precipitate, and selectively separating zinc oxide from the precipitate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred System: The hydrogen generation system comprises a first compartment comprising the complex (I), a second compartment comprising the substrate (II), and an unit for combining the contents of the first compartment with the contents of the second compartment such that when the contents are combined, hydrogen is generated. The hydrogen generation system further comprises at least one flow controller to control a flow rate of the complex (I) or the substrate (II). The hydrogen generation system is connected to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), or any other system requiring a supply of hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate (II) is selected from ammonia borane, methylamine borane, dimethylamine borane, di-isopropylamine borane, isopropylamine borane, tert-butylamine borane, isobutylamine borane, phenylamine borane and/or pyrrolidine borane, preferably ammonia borane (H3B-NH3). Preferred Definitions:    R21 and R22=H, CF3, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, phenyl or benzyl;    X-=TfO-, BF4-, PF6-, BPh4-, BArF- (B((3,5-CF3)2C6H3)4-), C1-, or Br-;    R5-R18=H, methyl, CF3 or isopropyl;    R1-R4=CH3;    Y1=CH;    A and B'=phenyl;    Z1R3 and Z2R4=SCH3 or SCH2CH3;or    Z1R3+Z2R4=-S-CH2CH2-S-;    D'= eta 6-C6H6, PPh3 or absent.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - Use of 24 compounds are specified as the compound (I) e.g. metal complexes of formulae (I1)-(I5).    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solution comprises sol-gel material comprising tetraalkoxysilane, trialkoxysilane, fluorine-containing alkoxysilane and/or dialkoxysilane. The dialkoxysilane is dimethyldiethoxysilane. The content of dialkoxysilane and fluorine-containing alkoxysilane is 15-35 mol% and less than 1 mol%, respectively. The tetraalkoxy silane is methyl triethoxysilane or phenyl triethoxysilane. The substrate is an optical substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The temperature of etching liquid during etching is 0-45 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The saw wire is a resin-bonded saw wire.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The heteroaryl group-containing compound has an electron mobility of 10-3-10-7 cm2/Vs. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 160 Heteroaryl group-containing compounds e.g. 9-oxa-7-aza-8-lithatricyclo(8.4.0.02,7)tetradeca-1(14),2,4,6,10,12-hexaene of formula (Ia), 9-oxa-7-aza-8-lithatetracyclo(8.8.0.02,7.013,18)octadeca-1(18),2,4,6,10,12,14,16-octaene, 10-oxa-6,8-diaza-9-lithapentacyclo(12.8.0.02,11.03,8.016,21)docosa-1,3,5,7,11,13,15,17,19,21-decaene, 9-oxa-7-aza-8-lithatetracyclo(8.8.0.02,7.011,16)octadeca-1(18),2,4,6,10,12,14,16-octaene, and 22-oxa-18,20-diaza-21-lithapentacyclo(12.8.0.02,11.04,9.015,20)docosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19-decaene are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal nanoparticle comprises metal including palladium, gold, silver, aluminum, titanium, chrome, copper, europium and erbium or metal oxide including titanium oxide and aluminum oxide. The composite is in the form of film or dispersed solution. The optical device further includes an active layer. Preferred Method: The manufacturing method further comprises: exposing the composite to heat and plasma; and binding a part of the optical device to the composite. The step of forming the oxidation graphene layer comprises forming the oxidation graphene layer on the part of the optical device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The conductive thin film further comprises additive chosen from carbon nanotubes, graphene, reduced graphene oxide, metal nanowires, metal carbon nanodots, semiconductor quantum dots, and semiconductor nanowires.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluorine-based material comprises 12 fluorine-containing repeating units chosen from repeating units of formula (XXI)-(XXV).m,n=1-1000000;x,y=1-10;andM+=Na+, Li+, K+, H+, NH4+, NH2+, CHO+, or CH3OH+.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The nanocomposite membrane has ion exchange capacity of 1.51-1.95 mequivalent/g with respect to 2.5-7.5 wt.% sulfonated titania particles, ionic conductivity of (0.5391x 10-2)-(1.61x 10-2) S/cm, highest peak power density of 1202.5 mW/m2, and internal resistance of 37 (~o).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The electronic device has an emitting layer, which comprises one or more matrix materials. The matrix materials are ketones, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, triaryl amines, carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, indenocarbazoles, azocarbazoles, bipolar matrix materials, silanes, azoboroles, boronic esters, diazaphospholenes, triazines, zinc complexes, beryllium complexes, dibenzofurans or bridged carbazoles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises reaction of the free ligand with iridium alcoholate of formula (Ir(OR1)n) (A), iridium ketoketonate of formula (B1), iridium halide of formula (IrHaln) (C1), iridium complex of formula (D1) or (D2) or iridium compound containing alcoholate, halide, hydroxy and/or ketoketonate group.Hal = F, Cl, Br or I. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 24 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. of formula iridium complexes of formulae (Ia)-(Ie).    EXAMPLE - Iridium chloride complex of formula (T) was suspended in a mixture of 75 ml of 2-ethoxyethanol and 25 ml of water and reacted with 15 mmole of pentane-2,4-dione. Further 15 mmole of sodium carbonate was added. After 20 hours under reflux, further 75 ml of water was added dropwise and after cooling, the solid was washed three times with 50 ml of water and three times with 50 ml of methanol and dried under vacuum. The dry solid was extracted using e.g. toluene or xylene and concentrated to obtain iridium complex (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The titanium-containing precursor includes ammonium titanium fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the electrochemical cleaning process comprises taking glassy carbon electrode as a working electrode, and platinum mesh as a counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode, and then assembling into a three-electrode system, adding an electrolyte solution, namely 0.1 M perchloric acid, scanning the glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry process, where the scanning range is 0-1 Vvs.SCE, number of scan sections is 50 sections, and the scanning speed is 0.1 V/second. In the step (i), the deposition of palladium comprises cleaning the glassy carbon electrode used as working electrode by electrochemical process, and taking platinum mesh as counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode, and assembling into three-electrode system, and taking electrolyte solution, namely 5 mM palladium(II) chloride and 0.1 M perchloric acid, and measuring the system of an open circuit potential (OCP), and electrodepositing palladium film on the glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry, where the potential scanning range is -0.15 to OCPvs.SCE, and the initial screen polarity is negative, and the number of scanned sections is 31 sections, and the scanning speed is 0.05 V/second. Preferred Components: In the step (ii), the concentration of antimony potassium tartrate, is 0.01-10 mM. In the step (ii), the concentration of ascorbic acid, is 1-100 mM.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises adding sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous solution of palladium (II) chloride to adjust the pH. Preferred Components: The transition metal salt includes chloride or nitrate of nickel, iron and cobalt. The transition metal salt and sodium hypophosphite are present in a ratio of 1:1-3:1. The sodium borohydride is added in an amount of 0.2-0.4 mass%. The palladium chloride is added in an amount of 0.05-1.1 mass%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of hydrogen fluoride and nitric acid is 1:1-1:5. The volume ratio of hydrogen fluoride and water is 1:20-1:40. To the mixed solution containing hydrogen fluoride and nitric acid, 0.1-0.5 %mass sodium nitrite is added to initiate the etching effect of diffusion silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The stainless steel material contains more than 2 %mass aluminum, and more than 0.3 %mass silicon. The stainless steel material further contains 1 %mass or less tin, 0.5 %mass or less zirconium, 0.005 %mass or less magnesium, 1 %mass or less nickel, 1 %mass or less copper, 0.5 %mass or less cobalt, 2 %mass or less molybdenum, 0.5 %mass or less vanadium, 0.005 %mass or less boron, 0.005 %mass or less calcium, 0.1 %mass or less lanthanum, 0.1 %mass or less yttrium, 0.1 %mass or less hafnium, 0.1 %mass or less rare earth metal, 1 %mass or less niobium and/or 1 %mass or more titanium. The oxide film comprises magnesium aluminate. The content of magnesium aluminate in the oxide film is 5 %mass or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The copper alloy tin plating material further contains 0.002 %mass or less oxygen. The content of tin in the copper alloy tin plating material is preferably 0.05-0.15 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The average grain size of indium target is 10-400 mu m. Preferred Composition: The indium target contains less than 50 ppm oxygen and less than 20 ppm iron, zinc and tin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The stainless steel material contains 2 %mass or more aluminum and 0.3 %mass or more silicon, and further contains 1 %mass or less tin, 0.5 %mass or less zirconium, 0.005 %mass or less magnesium, 1 %mass or less nickel, 1 %mass or less copper, 0.5 %mass or less cobalt, 2 %mass or less molybdenum, 0.5 %mass or less vanadium, 0.005 %mass or less boron, 0.005 %mass or less calcium, 0.1 %mass or less lanthanum, 0.1 %mass or less yttrium, 0.1 %mass or less hafnium, 0.1 %mass or less rare-earth metal, 1 %mass or less niobium and/or 1 %mass or more titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The ferritic stainless steel further comprises 0.01-3 %mass molybdenum, 0.3-5 %mass tungsten, 0.4-2 %mass copper or 0.1-1 %mass vanadium, 0.01-0.5 %mass titanium, 0.005-0.5 %mass zirconium or 0.001-0.1 %mass rare earth element, and 0.0005-0.003 %mass calcium or 0.0002-0.002 %mass magnesium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive copper ink composition further contains formic acid, and metal copper having average particle diameter of 5 mu m or less. Preferred Process: The electroconductive copper ink composition is heated at 100 degrees C or more, and applied on substrate, in order to form copper film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkanolamine is ethanolamine, and is 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol and/or N-methyldiethanolamine. The ethylene amine is ethylenediamine and/or diethylenetriamine. The content of copper formate is 1-50 wt.%. The content of alkanolamine is more than 5 molar times with respect to copper formate. The content of ethylene amine is 0.01-5 mol% of alkanolamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic barrier comprises metal, base metal, their compounds, their alloys, their oxides, their fluorides, their nitrides, their carbides, their oxynitrides, their borides, their oxygen borides and/or their silicides. The metal or base metal comprises silicon, aluminum, selenium, zinc, antimony, indium, germanium, tin, bismuth, transition metal and/or lanthanide series metal.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The light emitting substance includes C.I fluorescent brightening agent having color index number of 1-393, and organic fluorescent dye having optionally substituted 10-30C aromatic hydrocarbon and/or optionally substituted 6-30C hetero aromatic hydrocarbon. The aromatic hydrocarbon is of formula (I), preferably anthracene, 9-anthrylmethanol, 9-anthrylmethyl 2-methylacrylate, (10-(((2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy)methyl)anthracen-9-yl)methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 9,10-diphenylanthracene and pentacene. The content of solids in light emitting substance is 0.01-5 wt.%. The photocurable monomer includes (meth)acrylate having 1-20C alkyl, di(meth)acrylate having 2-18C diol, tri(meth)acrylate having 3-20C triol and/or tetra(meth)acrylate having 4-20C tetraol. The content of components (A-C) is 85-99.9 wt.%, 0.01-5 wt.% and 0.01-10 wt.%, respectively.R1-R10=H, 1-10C alkyl, 6-10C aryl, amine, halo, cyano, nitro, group chosen from groups of formulae (1)-(3) or 1-10 alkyl hydroxy;R11=H or 1-5C alkyl;R12=single bond, 1-10C alkylene or 6-20C aryl;R13-R15=1-10C alkylene or 6-20C aryl;X1,X2=O, S or NR;R=H or 1-5C alkyl;andm,n=1-6.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal compound comprises an emitting component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electrolyte solution comprises vanadium ion which functions as positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material. The concentration of vanadium ion is 1.5-1.9 M. The concentration of sulfate-ion in electrolyte solution is 4.1-4.5 M.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aliphatic hydrocarbon is aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon. The organic substance is organic substance in which aliphatic hydrocarbon and portion other than aliphatic hydrocarbon are bonded through oxygen atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium nickel series complex oxide is of formula: LiaNibMcCodO2, where a is 0.9-1.2, b is more than 0 and less than 1, preferably b is 0.44-0.51, c is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, preferably c is 0.27-0.31, d is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5, preferably d is 0.19-0.26, b+c+d is 1, and M is chosen from manganese, titanium, zirconium, niobium, tungsten, phosphorus, aluminum, magnesium, vanadium, calcium, strontium, and chromium. Preferred Properties: The fabric weight of the positive electrode active material layer is 18.5-23.5 mg/cm2. The value of ratio of the battery area with respect to rated capacity is 5 cm2/Ah or more. The rated capacity of battery is 3 Ah or more. The aspect ratio of rectangular-shaped positive electrode active material layer is 1-3. The laminate film of the battery is a laminate film containing aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of alkali metal is 0.1-5 atomic% with respect to total content of metallic elements. When the alkali metal comprises rubidium, the content of alkali metal is 1-4 atomic% with respect to total quantity of metallic element. When the alkali metal comprises cesium, the content of alkali metal is 0.5-3 atomic% with respect to total quantity of metallic element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The dopant of the n-type AlxGaInP layer is tellurium. The dopant of the p-type AlyGaAs layer is carbon. The doping concentration of the n-type AlxGaInP layer is 5x 1018-5x 1019 cm-3. The doping concentration of the p-type AlyGaAs layer is 5x 1018-5x 1020 cm-3. The thickness range of the n-type AlxGaInP layer and p-type AlyGaAs layer is 10-100 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The catalyst solution comprises metal chloride, acetate or nitrate of metal chosen from copper, silver, platinum and gold. The nanowhisker-growing mother liquor comprises acetate, chloride or nitrate of metal chosen from lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, antimony and iron. The crystalline silicon of solar battery sheet is monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon or microcrystalline silicon. Preferred Properties: The particle diameter and thickness of metal oxide nano-whisker/silicon composite material is 10-50 nm and 20-100 nm, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic electronic device includes primary electrode, secondary electrode and organic material layer containing heterocyclic compound (I), formed between primary electrode and secondary electrode. The organic material layer contains hole injection layer, hole-transport layer, light-emitting layer and electron-transport layer. Preferred Definitions:    L=19 groups chosen from e.g. group of formulae (i)-(v);and    R5=67 groups chosen from e.g. group of formulae (vi)-(x).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 73 Heterocyclic compounds e.g. 15-phenyl-10,20-dioxa-15-azaheptacyclo(14.11.0.02,14.03,11.04,9.019,27.021,26)heptacosa-1(16),2(14),3(11),4(9),5,7,12,17,19(27),21(26),22,24-dodecaene of formula (Ia), 4-(10,20-dioxa-15-azaheptacyclo(14.11.0.02,14.03,11.04,9.019,27.021,26)heptacosa-1(16),2(14),3(11),4(9),5,7,12,17,19(27),21(26),22,24-dodecaen-15-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline, 3-(10,20-dioxa-15-azaheptacyclo(14.11.0.02,14.03,11.04,9.019,27.021,26)heptacosa-1(16),2(14),3(11),4(9),5,7,12,17,19(27),21(26),22,24-dodecaen-15-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline, N-(4-(10,20-dioxa-15-azaheptacyclo(14.11.0.02,14.03,11.04,9.019,27.021,26)heptacosa-1(16),2(14),3(11),4(9),5,7,12,17,19(27),21(26),22,24-dodecaen-15-yl)phenyl)-N,N-diphenylaniline and N-(3-(10,20-dioxa-15-azaheptacyclo(14.11.0.02,14.03,11.04,9.019,27.021,26)heptacosa-1(16),2(14),3(11),4(9),5,7,12,17,19(27),21(26),22,24-dodecaen-15-yl)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-phenyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine are specifically claimed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the step (i), the separation and purification is carried out by silica gel column chromatography using toluene as eluent. In the step (ii), the drying time is 0.5-2 hours. The cyclic voltammetry conditions in the step (iii) are: counter electrode is molybdenum wire electrode; reference electrode is saturated calomel electrode; electrolyte is 2 M methanol and 1 M sulfuric acid solution saturated with nitrogen; electrolyte temperature is 20-25 degrees C; potential scanning rate is 50 mV/s; and potential scanning range is -0.2 to 1 V. Preferred Components: In the step (i), weight ratio between fullerene C60, isopropyl benzoate and sarcosine 2:1.6:1, the recrystallization solvent is mixture of chloroform and n-hexane in a volume ratio of 15:2, and N-methyl-2-(4-isopropyloxycarbonylphenyl)-(60)fulleropyrrolidine is of formula (I). In the step (ii), the organic solvent is mixture of chloroform and ethanol in a volume ratio of 10:1, and the conductive glass is indium tin oxide (ITO) film-coated conductive glass. In the step (iii), concentration of the chloromolybdate solution is 0.01 M.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): A mixture of 2-halo-5-benzoic acid is dissolved in alkaline solution, cooled to 0-5 degrees C, nitrite is added to the mixture, stirred until the solution is clear, and the solution is dripped in dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid to obtain 2-halo-5-diazonium salt as solution (a). Copper sulfate is dissolved in water, cooled to 0-5 degrees C, aqueous ammonia solution and hydroxylamine solution are sequentially added to the mixed solution and stirred, to obtain solution (b). The solution (a) and solution (b) are mixed, to obtain 4,4-dihalo-2,2'-terephthalic acid. 4,4-Dihalo-2,2'-terephthalic acid is reacted with thionyl chloride at 40-100 degrees C, to obtain 4,4-dihalo-2,2'-biphenyl acid chloride. 4,4-Dihalo-2,2'-biphenyl acid chloride is dissolved in methylene chloride, chloroform or nitrobenzene, ultrasonically dispersed, catalyst is added to the mixture at 40-80 degrees C, the mixture is poured into ice-water containing hydrochloric acid, separated, oil phase is washed using water, solvent is evaporated, recrystallized, the recrystallized product is dissolved in fuming sulfuric acid, heated to 60-120 degrees C, the mixture is poured into crushed ice, precipitated, solid is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, filtered, washed and dried in oven at 60-100 degrees C, to obtain sulfonated aromatic side chain-type dihalobiphenyl compound (I). Preferred Composition: The hydroxylamine solution comprises hydroxylamine sulfate and/or hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The catalyst includes anhydrous aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, zinc chloride, titanium tetrachloride, dimethylaluminum chloride and/or methylaluminum dichloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: 2-4 mg beta -type copper phthalocyanine nanoparticles are dispersed in each 1-4 ml chloroform. Mass ratio copper phthalocyanine in concentrated sulfuric acid solution:water is 1:10-1:50. Preferred Conditions: Water temperature is 0-5 degrees C. Stirring speed is 400-800 rpm. Ultrasonic dispersion time is 30-90 minutes.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of reactor is carried out by placing acetone solution in quartz crucible as reactor for 12 hours, repeatedly washing crucible with deionized water to remove residual acetone, soaking in dilute aqua regia for 24 hours, repeatedly washing with deionized water to remove residual aqua regia, soaking in 5 wt.% hydrogen fluoride solution for 15 minutes, repeatedly washing with deionized water, and oven-drying.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution is used for polishing of P type silicon sheet surface. The silicon nitride thin film of desired thickness is formed.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The usage amount of sodium oxychloride aqueous solution and sodium perbromate aqueous solution is each 0.2 %mass. The hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution contains hydrogen peroxide and base chosen from sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of protective layer is 15-25 nm. The thickness of nitrogen-gallium nitride thin film layer is 3-6 mu m. Preferred Composition: The indium-gallium nitride/gallium nitride multi-quantum well layer comprises 7 layers of indium-gallium nitride well layer having thickness of 2-4 nm and 7 layers of barrier layer having thickness of 10-15 nm. The thickness of p-type gallium nitride film is 320-360 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The polymerization reaction is performed in inert atmosphere with molten metal salt selected form zinc chloride, copper chloride, ferrous chloride, manganese chloride or their mixture. The vacuum or inert atmosphere includes nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The aromatic heterocyclic ring compound has substituted cyano group or pyridine group. The aromatic nitrile compound is selected from 2,3-dimethyl nitrile, meta or otho cyanobenzene, 1,3,5-ethylene base benzene, 2,6-cyano pyridine, 2,4-cyano pyridine or 4,4'-biscyano biphenyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of organic component in the magnesium-type microparticles is 0.2-20 wt.%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic component is a compound having 2 or more hydroxyl groups.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyimide resin has repeating unit of formula (I). The polyamic acid resin has repeating unit of formula (II). The composite resin composition is varnish-type composite resin composition. The composite resin composition further contains organic solvent. The polyimide-type molded component is film-form polyimide-type molded component. The content of magnesium-type microparticles in the composite resin composition is 1-30 wt.%.X=monocyclic or condensed ring structured 4-12C tetravalent alicyclic group;andY'=divalent organic group.Preferred Properties: The polyamide resin has number average molecular weight of 6000-100000, and weight average molecular weight of 10000-500000. The polyimide-type molded component has linear expansion coefficient of 50 ppm/K or less, total light transmittances of 85% or more and/or glass transition temperature of 300 degrees C or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The film has difference of maximum value of light transmittance and minimum value of light transmittance at 400-1400 nm wavelength of 15% or less, and relative rate of change of average light transmittance at 400-1400 nm wavelength after the environmental test with respect to average light transmittance at 400-1400 nm wavelength before the environmental test of 1% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer is made of metal selected from group consisting of nickel, copper and aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first additive is benzyl alcohol or a 4-substituted benzyl alcohol. The second additive is urea. The alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol or propyl alcohol. The hydrated zinc salt is zinc nitrate hexahydrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - One or more layers of partially fabricated electrochromic device is an anodically coloring electrochromic material layer comprising one of nickel, tungsten, and oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The hydroxylated platinum complex is formed by coordination bond between platinum cation of platinum salt and hydroxide ion formed by dissolving 1 equivalent urea in 3 equivalents water. The hydroxylated platinum complex is of formula ((PtCl6-x(OH)y(H2O)x-y)((2-x-y)-)) (I), formed by coordinating y moles of hydroxide ions with platinum chloride salt of formula ((PtCl6-x(H2O)x)((2-x)-)) (II). The step (b) is performed at the pH 7-10 at 70-110 degrees C. The method comprises producing hydrated electrons and radicals by irradiating gamma rays, where the hydrated electron and the radical reduces oxidation state by reducing platinum cations among platinum hydroxyl complexes and grow the platinum nanoparticles by the formation of platinum clusters. The gamma irradiation is performed at the rate of 0.5x 103-4x 103 Gy/hour for 0.5-6 hours.x = 0, 1 or 2; andy = less than or equal to x.Preferred Components: The particle size of the platinum nanoparticles is 1.8-3.7 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon carrier is carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, mesoporous carbon or hierarchical type multiple structure carbon structure body. The supporting ratio of the platinum catalyst on carbon carrier is 10-80 wt.%. EXAMPLE - 4.62 g Urea (molar ratio of urea /platinum is 20) dissolved in 1l of deionized water and 0.5 g Vulcan XC-72 (RTM: Carbon black powder) (VC) was added, and sonicated for 30 minutes. Then 75 ml 0.05 M chloroplatinic acid was added, and stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was stirred, heated at 90 degrees C for 7 hours and 50 ml 2-propanol was added to remove dissolved oxygen by degassing the mixture, 40 kGy gamma -ray was irradiated at a rate of 2x 103 Gy/hour for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then the obtained solution was continuously stirred to uniformly disperse platinum nanoparticles on VC to obtain the platinum/VC catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The support glass is protruded from the glass film. The mating surface of support glass consists of the inorganic thin film formed on glass or glass surface. Preferred Properties: The thick section is protruded to 0.1-20 mu m in support glass side from mating surface of glass film. The width in the direction along mating surface of support of the separation region is 0.1-5 mu m. The surface roughness of the mating surface of glass film and mating surface of support glass is 2 nm or less, respectively. The thickness of the glass film is 300 mu m or less. Preferred Process: The thick section is formed by laser fusing the glass film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thick section is provided on at least 1 side of polygonal glass film. The polygonal glass film is in rectangular shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The carbon nanotube composite structure has carbon nanotube composite layer with electroconductivity of 0.01 S/cm or more and carbon nanotube composite layer with electroconductivity of 1 S/cm or more. The carbon nanotube has length of 0.1 mu m or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The elastomer is chosen from nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyurethane rubber, acrylic rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, fluororubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymer, and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The anti-blocking agent is chosen from inorganic particles containing silica, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, talc and calcium carbonate. Preferred Properties: The average particle diameter of the anti-blocking agent is less than the thickness of the primer layer. The average particle diameter of anti-blocking agent is 0.1-10 mu m. The thickness of primer layer and contact bonding layer are 1-6 mu m and 1-7 mu m, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The weather resistance improving agent is chosen from hindered amine light stabilizer which is free of reactive functional group and triazine-type UV absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition for primer layer formation further contains polycarbonate-type urethane acrylic copolymer, and weather resistance improving agent. The content of anti-blocking agent in the resin composition for primer layer formation is 0.1-30 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass binder resin. The contact bonding layer contains heat sealing resin. The functional group numbers of urethane (meth)acrylate are 2-15. The curable resin composition contains non-reactive silicone compound, and weather resistance improvement agent. The to-be-transferred component of hard-coat component contains at least 1 resin chosen from acrylic resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, polyolefin resin and polycarbonate resin. Preferred Process: The thermal transfer film is subjected to bending to obtain hard-coat component.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The carbon purity of carbon nanotubes as analyzed using X-ray fluorescence is 90 wt.% or more. The carbon nanotubes have an electroconductivity of 1 S/cm or more and an average diameter of 1-30 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The carbon nanotube composite film has a residual moisture content of 5% or less and an electroconductivity of 0.01 S/cm or more. Preferred Component: The elastomer is chosen from nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyurethane rubber, acrylic rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, fluororubber, styrene butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, ethylene propylene copolymer, and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The fluorine-containing cleaning gas mixture comprises a fluorine-containing gas chosen from nitrogen trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride and/or fluorine. The cobalt fluoride is chosen from cobalt(II) fluoride, cobalt trifluoride, cobalt tetrafluoride and/or cobalt fluoride of formula: CoNOFx. The fluorine-containing cleaning gas mixture further contains oxygen-containing gas chosen from nitrous oxide and oxygen, and inert gas chosen from helium and argon. The reactive species comprise atomic fluorine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The active and passive device comprises a chemical agent selected from a group consisting of water, nonaqueous solvent, aqueous solution, acid, base, etchant, oxygen, and gas that is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Xenon difluoride, sulfur hexafluoride, trifluoromethane and carbon tetrafluoride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The active or passive electronic device components comprise inorganic semiconductor components, metallic conductor components e.g. magnesium with aluminum, silver, calcium, lithium, manganese, silicon, tin, yttrium and zirconium, magnesium alloy, tungsten, molybdenum, iron and zinc, or inorganic semiconductor components and metallic conductor components.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The active or passive electronic device components are encapsulated by encapsulating material e.g. magnesium oxide, silk, collagen, gelatin, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), polyvinyl alcohol, silicon, silicon oxide, polyanhydrides (polyesters), polyhydroxyalkanates. The substrate supports the dielectric components that comprise materials selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
Preferred Definitions:    R1-R3=H, methyl or phenyl;and    Ar1-Ar2=phenyl, naphthyl or biphenyl.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 40 Dihydroacridine derivatives are specifically claimed e.g. N-(4-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-7-phenyl-10-(4-phenylphenyl)-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-yl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-N,7-diphenyl-10-(4-phenylphenyl)-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-amine of formula (Ia), N-(4-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-10-phenyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-yl)(phenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-N,10-diphenyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-amine, N-(4-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-10-phenyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-yl)(4-phenylphenyl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-10-phenyl-N-(4-phenylphenyl)-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-amine, 7,9,9-trimethyl-10-(4-methylphenyl)-N-phenyl-N-(4-(4-(phenyl(7,9,9-trimethyl-10-(4-methylphenyl)-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-amine and N-(4-(4-((9,9-dimethyl-10-phenyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-yl)(naphthalen-2-yl)amino)phenyl)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-10-phenyl-9,10-dihydroacridin-2-amine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first and second solvents are hydrofluoroether. The first and second solvent are hydrofluoroether chosen from an isomeric mixture of methyl nonafluorobutyl ether and methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, isomeric mixture of ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether and ethyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, 3-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-hexane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-4-(1,1,2,3,3,3,-hexafluoropropoxy)-pentane, 1-methoxyheptafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-pentane, 1,3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)benzene, 1,2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorooctane-propyl ether. The stripping agent further comprises a protic solvent in a concentration of 0.001-3 vol.%. The fluorinated photoresist material comprises a photopolymer comprising a first repeating unit having a fluorinated alkyl group and a second repeating unit having an acid-forming or alcohol-forming precursor group. The developing agent comprises 75-99 vol.% first solvent and 1-25 vol.% second solvent. The stripping agent comprises second solvent 15-99 vol.% and 1-85 vol.% first solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): The tristilbene derivative (I) is produced by chemical synthesis method. Preferred Component: The photosensitive layer is monolayer type comprising electron transport substance, charge generating substance, and binder resin in single layer. Preferred Composition: The photosensitive layer comprises 30-100 pts. wt. electron transport substance with respect to 100 pts. wt. binder resin. EXAMPLE - 2 g 1,3,5-Tris(cyanomethyl)benzene and 5.53 g 4-trifluoromethyl benzaldehyde was dissolved in 50 ml 1,4-dioxane. 5.15 g 1,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)undec-7-ene was added as organic base to mixture and the heating-refluxing process was performed for 8 hours. The mixture was filtered and purified to obtain tristilbene derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas-barrier film is formed of metal alkoxide compound, metallicamide compound, aluminum and metal hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The caprolactone-modified acryl monomer is dipentaerythritol caprolactone-modified hexaacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (disclosed): A phenol compound of formula (A) and methacrylic acid halide of formula: H2C=C(-X)-C(=O)-Y' (B) are reacted. The reaction product is further reacted with aminoalkyl alkoxysilane compound of formula: H2N-L2-Si-(OR)3 to produce polymerizable alkoxysilane compound. Preferred Definitions:    L1=single bond, -COO-, -OCO-, -(CH2)p-, -(CH2)pO-, -(CH2)pCOO-, -(CH2)pOCO-, -(CH2)pOCOO- or -(CH2)pO(CH2)qO-;    L2=-(CH2)p- or -(CH2)pO(CH2)q-;and    ring A=naphthalene ring.    EXAMPLE - 104 g 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 111 g sodium tetraborate, 44.2 g sodium hydroxide and 1400 ml water were mixed, and 108 g methacrylic acid chloride was added. Acid deposition was performed in 1025 g hydrochloric acid, and precipitate was filter-separated and washed with water 3 times. 1 g Obtained intermediate, 14.7 g 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 22.4 g 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride and 100 g pyridine were mixed and reacted for 3 hours. The solvent was removed, and resulting product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to produce 6-((3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)carbamoyl)naphthalen-2-yl prop-2-enoate at yield of 21.5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises at least one transition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction. Preferred Definitions:    Ar1=phenyl (optionally substituted by at least one group R3).    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 93 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. 22-tert-butyl-3,15-diphenyl-3,15-diazaspiro(heptacyclo(18.6.2.1(2,16).1(4,8).1(10,14).0(17,27).0(24,28))hentriacontane-9,9'-xanthene)-1,4(31),5,7,10(30),11,13,16(29),17,19,21,23,25,27-tetradecaene of formula (Ia), 22-tert-butyl-3,9,15-triphenyl-3,9,15-triazaheptacyclo(18.6.2.1(2,16).1(4,8).1(10,14).0(17,27).0(24,28))hentriaconta-1,4,6,8(31),10,12,14(30),16(29),17,19,21,24,27-tridecaene, 22-tert-butyl-3,15-bis(2-methylphenyl)-3,15-diazaspiro(heptacyclo(18.6.2.1(2,16).1(4,8).1(10,14).0(17,27).0(24,28))hentriacontane-9,9'-xanthene)-1,4,6,8(31),10,12,14(30),16(29),17,19,21,24,27-tridecaene, 22-tert-butyl-3,15-bis(2-methylphenyl)-9-phenyl-3,9,15-triazaheptacyclo(18.6.2.1(2,16).1(4,8).1(10,14).0(17,27).0(24,28))hentriaconta-1,4,6,8(31),10,12,14(30),16(29),17,19,21,24,27-tridecaene, and 22'-tert-butyl-3',15'-diphenyl-3',15'-diazaspiro(fluorene-9,9'-heptacyclo(18.6.2.1(2,16).1(4,8).1(10,14).0(17,27).0(24,28))hentriacontane)-1',4',6',8'(31'),10',12',14'(30'),16'(29'),17',19',21',24',27'-tridecaene.    EXAMPLE - 16.6 g Sodium tert-butoxide was suspended in 500 ml toluene. Then the obtained suspension was degassed and saturated with argon. Then 19 g 7-tert-butyl-N,N'-diphenyl-pyrene-1,3-diamine and 21.2 g 9,9-bis(3-bromophenyl)-9H-xanthene in 1.8 l tetrahydrofuran were added dropwise to the suspension. Then tri-tert-butylphosphine in 15.5 ml toluene and 2.32 g palladium(II) acetate were added to the obtained mixture and the mixture was heated under reflux. Then the mixture was worked up to obtain (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Compositions: Resin composition contains 0.5-50 pts. wt. thiocarbonate compound with respect to 100 pts. wt. resin. Preparation (Disclosed): Thiocarbonate compound is obtained by reacting bromide compound and fluorene compound in the presence of organic solvent, adding disulfide compound, reacting, concentrating, performing liquid separation, and extracting, concentrating, and drying organic layer. Preferred Definitions:    ring Z=benzene ring or naphthalene ring;    R2=2-4C alkylene;    m=0-2;    p=1-2;    R1=alkyl;    k=0-1;    n=0;    R4=alkyl or aryl; and    q=0-2.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Compound (1) is disclosed, e.g. 9,9-bis(4-(1,3-oxathiolane-2-thione-5-ylmethoxy)phenyl)fluorene of formula (4).    EXAMPLE - Lithium bromide (2.58 g), 9,9-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)fluorene (25 g), and tetrahydrofuran (223 g) were added to 500 ml flask under nitrogen atmosphere and reacted at 45?oC, carbon disulfide (61.7 g) was dripped for 1 hour, and reaction was performed at 45?oC for 9 hours. Concentrating process under reduced pressure was performed by evaporator, chloroform (300 ml) and acetone (200 ml) were added, water (300 ml) was added, and liquid separation was performed. Organic layer was extracted, concentrated under reduced pressure, and dried at 70?oC. Thiocarbonate compound was obtained as solid product (27.5 g, yield 82.8%).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The molecular weight of the organic sulfide compound is 1000 or less. Preferred Composition: The organic sulfide compound has two or more thiol groups or thiolate groups, and is chosen from 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, lithium sulfide, sulfur, and 2,4,6-trimercapto-S-triazine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The organic polymer is at least one of sulfide-containing polyacrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate copolymer, and sulfide-containing polyacrylonitrile-(meth)acrylic acid-oligo alkylene oxide copolymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The nonionic surfactant is oxyalkylene group-containing compound of formula: R1-O-(AO)n-H (II). The content of component (b) and component (c) is 3-1000 parts mass and 5-1000 parts mass, respectively with respect to 100 parts mass alkali chemicals (a). The content of component (a), component (b) and component (c) is 0.05-30 %mass, respectively. The cleaning composition further contains solubilizer (d).R2=10-14C alkyl or alkenyl;AO=2-4C oxyalkylene;andn=1-40.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent passivation layer is made of atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition oxide, thermal oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide and silicon nitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The laser absorbing hard mask layer is made of amorphous silicon and non-conductive ceramic.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content ratio of source gas and doping gas is 1-16. The content ratio of carbon and fluorine is 0.05-0.3. The content ratio of carbon and boron is 0.005-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The catalytic coating comprises a precious metal, such as platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The epoxy resin is of formula (A). The area ratio of monomer and polymer which is more than dimer is 100/0-40/60 as measured using gel-permeation chromatogram. The curing agent comprises a phenol-type curing agent.A=group of formula (i) or (ii);q=0 or 1-10;andR2a,R2b=linear or branched optionally substituted 1-4C alkylene. EXAMPLE - 62 g 9,9-Di(2-carboxyethyl)fluorene, 148 g epichlorohydrin, 200 g ion-exchange water and 3.2 g t-butyl ammonium bromide were stirred at 60 degrees C for 3 hours. 148 g Epichlorohydrin and 96 g 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added to obtained product and stirred at 60 degrees C for 6 hours. The obtained reaction liquid was depressurizingly distilled. 200 g Methyl isobutyl ketone and 200 g distilled water were added to distilled product and washed using water at 60 degrees C. The solvent was depressurizingly distilled. The obtained organic layer was dried, and a viscous liquid containing epoxy resin was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The liquid dispersion medium contains 50 wt.% or more water. The fiber-shaped electroconductive substance is chosen from metal nano-wire and carbon nanotube.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The microparticles containing polyvinyl acetal-type resin have volume average particle diameter of 10-500 nm. Preferred Composition: The polyvinyl acetal-type resin has 0.01-1 mmol/g ionic functional groups chosen from carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, sulfinic acid group, sulfenic acid group, phosphoric acid group, phosphonic acid group, amino group and/or their salts. The polyvinyl acetal-type resin is polyvinyl butyral.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The absorber is ceramic powder, ceramic porous component, or ceramic board material. The test sample formed by metal material containing chromium, is plate material. Preferred Process: At the time of heating, the test sample and absorber are in contact with each other. The heating process is carried out at 850 degrees C or more for 15 hours or more under absolute humidity of 4-20%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The atmosphere comprises hydrogen gas and argon gas.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The alkali metal salt solute is comprised of alkali metals including lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, and cations including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and oxygen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent laminated film further contains 30 %mass or more inorganic fine particles with respect to total content of curable composition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The thiol monomer is a thiol compound of formula: C-(H2-O-OC(=O)-R-SH)4.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric compound is polyfunctional acrylate monomer having 3 or more acryloyl group or methacryloyl group in 1 molecule. The base film is biaxially-stretched polyethylene terephthalate film. The transparent laminated film contains 30 %mass or more polymeric compound with respect to total content of curable composition.R=1-4C linear alkylene.Preferred Property: The laminated film has total light transmittance of 80% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of inorganic particle is 5-70 wt.% with respect to the active energy-ray-curable resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The film thickness of the base layer is 1-10 mu m. Preferred Composition: The base layer contains active-energy-ray-curable resin and inorganic particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The composition further comprises 0.1-10 pts. wt. silicate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The amino alcohol compound has HLB value of 0.5 or more. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic membrane contains chalcopyrite-type compound semiconductor of formula: LMX2 or compound semiconductor of formula: LM1X2, where L is element chosen form group IB element, preferably copper, M is trivalent metal element, preferably gallium or indium, X is element chosen form group VIB element, preferably sulfur or selenium, M1 is zinc or tin, the molar ratio of L, M and X is 1:1:2, and the molar ratio of L, M1 and X is 1:1:2. The molar ratio of element (L) and element (M) in the coating agent is less than 1. The material of sintering aid or sintering aid includes copper selenide or copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The molar ratio of element (L) and element (M) in whole film is less than 1. The element (M) is group IIIB element. The compound semiconductor film further contains chalcopyrite-type compound semiconductor ((L1)(M1)(X1)2 or (L2)(M2)(X2)2, where L1 is group IB element(s) chosen from copper, silver and gold, M1 is group IIIB element chosen from aluminum, gallium and indium, X1 is group VIB element chosen from sulfur, selenium and tellurium, stoichiometric ratio of L1, M1 and X1 is 1:1:2, such that molar ratio is optionally deviated from stoichiometric ratio, L2 is group IB element(s) containing copper, M2 is group IIIB element containing gallium and/or indium, X2 is group VIB element containing sulfur and/or selenium, stoichiometric ratio of L2, M2 and X2 is 1:1:2, such that molar ratio is optionally deviated from stoichiometric ratio), and compound semiconductor ((L3)(M3)(X3)2, where L3 is group IB element(s) containing copper, M3 is combination of zinc and tin, X3 is group VIB element(s) containing sulfur and/or selenium, stoichiometric ratio of L3, M3 and X3 is 1:1:2, such that molar ratio is optionally deviated from stoichiometric ratio). The element (M) is combination of group IIB element(s) and group IVB element(s). Preferred Process: The baking processes are carried out under atmosphere of chalcogen element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The process gas contains one or more gas chosen from the group which consists of chlorine tri-fluoride, xenon di-fluoride, bromine tri-fluoride and bromine penta-fluoride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metallic glass comprises aluminum-rare earth element (AlaTMbREcXd), where TM is transition metal, RE is rare earth element, X is second element group, a is greater than 50, but less than or equal to 99, b is 0-30, c is 0-30, d is greater than 0, but less than or equal to 3, b and/or c is not 0, and a+b+c+d = 100. The second element group comprises lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, boron, carbon, silicon, germanium, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The transition metal comprises nickel, cobalt, manganese, zirconium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold. The rare earth element comprises scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. The metallic glass comprises aluminum-nickel-yttrium-cobalt-lithium (Al85Ni5Y6Co2Li2), aluminum-nickel-yttrium-cobalt-calcium (Al85Ni5Y6Co2Ca2), aluminum-nickel-yttrium-silicon (Al83Ni(5.5)Y10Si(1.5)), aluminum-nickel-yttrium-cobalt-calcium-nitrogen (Al84Ni5Y6Co2Ca2N1), and aluminum-nickel-yttrium-cobalt-lanthanum-silicon (Al83Ni(5.5)Y less than /INF greater than 6Co2La2Si(1.5)).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The copper catalyst is one of copper sulfate pentahydrate (preferred), copper iodide, cuprous oxide or copper acetate. The inorganic base is one of alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The base used is one of organic bases and/or inorganic bases. The organic base is one of pyridine, ethylamine, triethylamine, triton-B (benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide) and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. The solvent is one of dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, acetone, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran and/or polyethylene glycol. The one pot S(N)Ar-Smalley cyclization of alpha , beta -unsaturated ketones 11-1n and beta , gamma -unsaturated ketones 1o and 1p give exclusively 2-vinyl-indolin-3-one derivatives with greater than 65% yields. The reaction between the compound (II) and sodium azide is taken for 15-17 hours at 60-100 degrees C to obtain the compound (I). The process is carried out with a compound of formula (R1b-(CH2)a-CH2-X1).X1 = Cl, Br, F or I;R1b = alkyl; anda = 0-2. EXAMPLE - To a solution of 0.1 g of (2-bromophenyl)(cyclohexyl) methanone in dimethylsulfoxide, 8.62 mg of L-proline,77.59 mg of potassium carbonate, 18.69 mg of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 14.83 mg of sodium ascorbate and 29.2 mg of sodium azide were added. The mixture was stirred for 16 hours at 70 degrees C. The reaction mixture was diluted with 30 ml of water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x 30 ml). Combined organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified over silica gel (ethyl acetate and pet ether as eluent) to produce 0.054 g of spiro(cyclohexane-1,2'-indolin)-3'-one in 71% yields.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The system has a precursor or reactant comprising of materials selected from titanium tetrachloride and silicon tetrachloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The system has a precursor or reactant comprising of materials that is acetylene in liquid or vapor form.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The supporting electrolyte comprises sulfur dioxide containing compound of formula (M1N(R15SO2)(R16SO2)) and compound of formula (M1PFa(CbF(2b+1))(6-a)), (M1BFc(CdF(2d+1))(4-c)).M1 = alkali metal ion;R15, R16 = fluorine or 1-6C fluoroalkyl;a = 0-6;b, d = 1-2; andc = 0-4. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The glass substrate is float glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Amine of formula: R1NH2 and halogenated dicarboxylic acid anhydride of formula (II) are reacted, and obtained product (P1) is further reacted with non-nucleophilic base, to obtain imide condensed ring compound (I). Preferred Process: The amine and halogenated dicarboxylic acid anhydride are reacted in an aprotic polar solvent or aromatic hydrocarbon-type solvent. The obtained product (P1) is reacted with non-nucleophilic base in an acid anhydride. Preferred Composition: The non-nucleophilic base is substituted aminopyridine. EXAMPLE - 3 g 4,6-Dibromo-1H,3H-thieno(3,4-c)furan-1,3-dione was put under nitrogen atmosphere, dissolved in 60 mL dimethylformamide, stirred, 0.576 mL 2-aminoethanol was dripped, cooled, solvent was distilled-off, and dried, to obtain 3.41 g 2,5-dibromo-4-((1-(ethanol)amino)carbonyl)-3-thiophene carboxylic acid as pale yellow oily substance, with yield of 95%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Nickel is metallic nickel formed by wet precipitation method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of phosphorus is preferably 0.01-10 atomic%. In zinc oxide columnar crystals, lithium is doped in a concentration of 1x 1017 atoms/cm, preferably 1x 1017-2x 1017 atoms/cm. The zinc oxide columnar crystals are comprised in whole of the film. During manufacture of phosphorus-doped zinc oxide, a raw material aqueous solution comprising zinc ion, and phosphorus source is used. The phosphorus source is phosphate ion, hydrogen phosphate ion, dihydrogen phosphate ion and phosphoric acid. The raw material aqueous solution further contains lithium source containing lithium ion. A substrate used in manufacture process consists of seed layer containing zinc oxides. The mol ratio of phosphorus source with respect to zinc source in raw material aqueous solution is 0.01-4. The seed layer consists of zinc oxide layer. The concentration of zinc ion in the raw material aqueous solution is 0.01-0.5 mol/L. The raw material aqueous solution contains sodium hydroxide. Preferred Process: The phosphorus-doped zinc oxide columnar crystals are precipitated on seed layer in film form. Preferred Properties: The aspect-ratio of zinc oxide columnar crystals is 2-1000. The raw material aqueous solution has pH of 11.5-13.5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The dopant comprises silicon, and another dopant is selected from a group consisting of silicon, germanium, tin, selenium and tellurium. The LED comprises a non-conductive semiconductor layer consisting indium-aluminum-gallium-nitrogen, gallium-nitrogen, aluminum-gallium-nitrogen, indium-gallium-nitrogen, aluminum-nitrogen, indium-nitrogen and aluminum-indium-nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of microparticles (A1) is 70 vol.% with respect to total solid content of hardened layer. The microparticles (A1) are silicon oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The thickness of hardened layer is 5% or more than the thickness of base film. The shrinkage ratio of transparent laminated film in vertical and horizontal directions when heated for 10 minutes at 200 degrees C based on JIS-C 23307.4.6.1 (shrunk-length change rate: A method) measured at room temperature, is 1% or less. The refractive index of laminated film is 1.5-2.6. Preferred Composition: The base film consists of a resin chosen from polyethylene terephthalate resin, polyetherimide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyethylene naphthalate resin and transparent polyimide resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic acid is acrylic acid, formic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, propionic acid, maleic acid, citraconic acid, succinic acid and/or butyric acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The fluoropolymer (A) is polyvinylidene fluoride or copolymer comprising vinylidene fluoride units and tetrafluoroethylene units and/or chlorotrifluoroethylene units. The polymeric porous membrane further contains hydrophilic polymer and/or surfactant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Properties: The glass composition has firing temperature of less than 600 degrees C, preferably less than 500 degrees C, dilatometric softening temperature of 370-525 degrees C, and CTE of 7-8x 10-6/ degrees C. Preferred Composition: The content of tantalum pentoxide, niobium trioxide, zirconium dioxide and silicon dioxide contained in the glass composition is 0.1-5 wt.%, 0.1-3 wt.%, 0.1-4 wt.% and 0.1-5 wt.%, respectively. The glass composition preferably comprises 70-78 wt.% boron trioxide, 6.5-8 wt.% sodium oxide, 6.5-15 wt.% aluminum oxide, 0.8-1.5 wt.% lithium oxide, 1.5-3.5 wt.% titanium dioxide, 1.8-2.8 wt.% zinc oxide, 5-25 wt.% tantalum pentoxide, 6-15 wt.% niobium pentoxide, 3-5 wt.% barium oxide, 0.1-5 wt.% zirconium dioxide and 0.1-5 wt.% silicon dioxide. The paste composition comprises the glass composition and an organic vehicle. Preferred Components: Substrate used during production of seal is chosen from metal, glass, very-low-expansion glass ceramics, ceramics, low-expansion borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, ion-exchanged sodium aluminosilicate glass, potassium-exchanged aluminosilicate glass, chemically-strengthened glass, tempered glass, surface-strengthened metal-coated glass, conductive substrate, conductive oxide, indium-tin oxide, fluorinated tin oxide and transparent conductive oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Parameters: The psi is greater than the external pressure (pext) of inert gas and the pext equals threshold or above the pei. Preferred Components: The solid precursor is selected from melamine cyanurate (preferred) and a mixture of uric acid and melamine. The acid-base catalyst is selected from sulfuric acid, selenium oxide, elemental sulfur, sulfonates and its combination. The acid-base catalyst is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The acid-base catalyst is selenium dioxide (SeO2). Preferred Process: Step (a) involves: (a-1) mixing a solid precursor with at least one acid-base catalyst dissolved in a liquid; (a-2) aging the solid-liquid mixture obtained in step (a-1); (a-3) separating the solid mixture of relaxed obtained in step (a-2); and (a-4) drying the separated solid in step (a-3) to obtain a solid mixture comprising a carbon nitride precursor with the catalyst. Step (a) involves: (a-1) impregnation of a solid precursor with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid between 0.1 and 10 M; (a-2) aging the solid-liquid mixture obtained in step (a-1); (a-3) solid filtering or centrifuging from the relaxed mixture obtained in step (a-2); and (a-4) drying between 60 and 120 degrees C of the separated solid in step (a-3) to obtain a mixture comprising a carbon nitride with sulfuric acid. The process takes place in the presence of a combination of sulfuric acid and SeO2. Step (b) involves: (b-1) increasing the temperature at a rate between 5 and 20 degrees C/minute to a final temperature between 400 and 800 degrees C; and (b-2) maintaining the final temperature for 30-200 minutes. Preferred Composition: The ratio of precursor and SeO2 is 200:1 to 15:1. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porphyrin derivative is 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The anode catalyst is in supported or unsupported form and is selected from the group consisting of platinum, platinum-tin, platinum-ruthenium, platinum-palladium, platinum-rhodium, and combinations, alloys, oxides, or carbides thereof. The cathode catalyst is in supported or unsupported form and is selected from the group consisting of platinum, platinum-tin, platinum-ruthenium, platinum-palladium, platinum-rhodium, and combinations, alloys, oxides, or carbides thereof.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The carbon catalyst has hydrophilic degree (ratio of water-adsorption BET specific surface area and nitrogen-adsorption BET specific surface area) of 0.1-2.5. Preferred Condition: Heat-processing is performed at 700-1000 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Metal phthalocyanine is iron phthalocyanine having average primary particle diameter of 10-100 nm and average secondary particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m, or cobalt phthalocyanine having average primary particle diameter of 10-500 nm and average secondary particle diameter of 0.1-10 mu m. The weight ratio of metal phthalocyanine with respect to graphene nanoplatelets is 0.3/1-2/1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Device: Protrusions are formed in the bottom portion of the crucible. The tip of protrusion of the shape of forward taper is curved shape or the chamfered shape. The kiln further consists of cooling piping (8) connected with vacuum pump. The vacuum pump is connected through the cooling piping, exhaust pipe and the chamber. An exhaust-pipe keeping-warm heater (7) is provided in the inner wall of the exhaust pipe. The crucible is arranged at a predetermined spacing in gravitational direction. The pipe is provided in the side of crucible. Preferred Properties: The protrusions are formed at angle of 75-85 degrees . The partition division of protrusions is done in polygon shape.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The compound comprises 2 or 3 covalently bonded polymerizable vinyl groups. It comprises 1, 2 or 3 covalently bonded ionic groups. The covalently bonded ionic group is a quaternary ammonium group. One or more monomers comprising a cationic group include vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BV); and/or one or more non-ionic monomers include styrene. The molecule containing two or more ionic groups is tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (TDMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO), tetramethylthiourea, tetramethylurea or 1,3,5-trimethylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TMHHT). Preferred Process: The ionomeric membrane is formed from the polymerization of the compound, one or more monomers comprising a cationic group, preferably selected from a quaternary ammonium group; a quaternary phosphonium group; or a tertiary sulfonium group and/or one or more non-ionic monomers. The reaction is carried out in a polar solvent, where the solvent is an alcohol, preferably methanol. Preferably, the reaction is of formula III. (WO2014170645A1-002) The TDMAP is substituted by DABCO, tetramethylthiourea, tetramethylurea or TMHHT. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The vinyl imidazole compound is 1-vinylimidazole or 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole compound. The trifluoromethyl (1-5C) alkyl methacrylate is ethyl methacrylate, fluoro-trifluoromethyl derivative or ethyl acrylate. The divinylbenzene-based copolymer is p-divinylbenzene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The transparent conductor is selected from the group consists of titanium dioxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, niobium pentoxide, zirconium dioxide, cerium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, titanium oxide, titanium suboxide, titanium dioxide, tin oxide, lanthanum titanium oxide, gallium doped zinc oxide, and antimony tin oxide. The transparent conductor with which the dielectric material or the oxide semiconductor material which the low-refractive-index layer includes is chosen from magnesium fluoride, silicon dioxide, calcium fluoride, cerium trifluoride, lanthanum fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, neodymium fluoride, sodium hexafluoroaluminate, aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide and thorium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent metal film contains silver, copper, gold, platinum group, titanium, and chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The polyester of polyester film is a polyethylene terephthalate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The glass frit contains silver oxide and vanadium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The addition particle is formed of material of silicon-aluminum alloy and zinc aluminum alloy.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The co-catalyst is provided in the surface of other gas production portion which generates the oxygen, cobalt oxide, and iridium oxide as an oxygen generation catalyst.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The cylindrical shape sputtering target has a thickness of 3 mm or more. The average equivalent circular diameter of crystal grains is 5 mm or less. The oxygen concentration in copper alloy is 50 ppm or less. The difference of maximum value and minimum value of gallium concentration of sputter portion is less than 2 atomic%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Components: The organic layer is hole transport layer, light-emitting layer, electron transport layer or electron injecting layer. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 4 Phosphorus-containing compounds are specifically claimed i.e. 5,11-bis(4-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)-4,12-dioxa-6,10-diazatricyclo(7.3.0.03,7)dodeca-1,3(7),5,8,10-pentaene of formula (Ia), 2-(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)-1H-1,3-benzodiazole, 2-(4-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)-1,3-benzoxazole, and 14-(4-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)-2,9,13,15-tetraazatetracyclo(8.7.0.03,8.012,16)heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,8,10,12(16),13-octaene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The silicon dioxide layer and the niobium pentoxide layer are formed in the treatment surface of the substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The acidic solution is water (H2O), nitric acid, and hydrofluoric acid (HF) at volume ratio of 5:4:1. The polarized liquid is H2O, acetic acid, and HF at volume ratio of 49:0.39:0.61. The Na2PdCl4 solution is 0.1-10 mM. The UV xenon lamp source is 150 W MICROSOLAR300 having a wavelength of 300 nm. Preferred Method: The heating speed of muffle furnace is 2 degrees C/minute.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The volume ratio of methanol and H2O is 1:1 to form methanol solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preprocessing method is carried out by using acid-base treatment and/or hypochlorite treatment of ion exchange resin. The stirring process in fourth step is carried out for 1-2 hours. The heating process in sixth step is carried out at 1100-1400 degrees C for 0.5-5 hours, where heating rate is 1-20 degrees C/minute, preferably 1200-1300 degrees C for 2-3 hours at 5-10 degrees C/minute heating rate. The acid washing process is carried out by washing with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and/or perchloric acid for 6-48 hours. Preferred Components: The transition metal salt is cobalt or ferric salt, where concentration is 0.001-0.5 mol/L, preferably 0.002-0.1 mol/L. The cobalt salt is potassium hexacyanocobaltate and/or sodium hexanitritocobaltate. The ferric salt is potassium ferrocyanide, ferricyanide, and/or potassium ferric oxalate. The concentration of potassium tantalum fluoride is 0.001-0.5 mol/L. The inert gas is nitrogen, helium, hydrogen or argon gas.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The ion exchange resin is anion exchange resin and/or amphoteric ion exchange resin, where anion exchange resin is macroporous alkaline acrylic anion exchange resin or alkaline styrene anion exchange resin and amphoteric ion exchange resin is acrylic-styrene based amphoteric ion exchange resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: In the step (a), magnetic oxide is cobalt chloride, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, manganese chloride or nickel chloride; the mass ratio of magnetic oxide and potassium hydroxide is 0.6:1-1.4:1. In the step (b), carbon-containing material is glucose or sucrose, and nitrogen-containing material is melamine, pyrrole, pyridine or urea; the mass ratio of nitrogen-containing material, carbon-containing material, and magnetic oxide nanoparticle is 2:4:1-10:2:1. The magnetic oxide nanoparticle is core, carbon-nitrogen doped nanoparticle is core-shell structure formed by shell coating, and the mass percentage of the magnetic oxide nanoparticle is 10-30%. In the step (b), the high temperature carbonization is carried out at 300-900 degrees C for 1-4 hours; and first carbonization is carried out at 300-500 degrees C for 1-2 hours, and re-carbonization is carried out at 700-900 degrees C for 1-2 hours.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or tetrahydrofuran.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The sulfonated polymer is perfluorinated resin-sulfonic acid, sulfonated polyether ketone, sulfonated polyether ether ketone, sulfonated polyether ether ketone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, sulfonated polyethersulfone, sulfonated polyether ether sulfone, sulfonated polyethylene, sulfonated polybenzimidazole, sulfonated polyimide, sulfonated polystyrene, sulfonated poly-trifluoromethyl styrene, sulfonated poly-p-phenylene, sulfonated polyphenylene oxide or sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide. The base plate is glass plate, plastic plate, silicon plate, metal plate or ceramic plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal salt is metal capable of ionizing metal cation, or highly-soluble salt. The highly-soluble salt is chloride, sulfate or nitrate. The metal salt contains cation. The concentration of salt solution is 0.05-2 mol/l. The active metal includes magnesium and aluminum. Preferred Process: The metal salt is crystallized in presence or absence of water. The active metal powder is maintained separately in oxygen environment. Preferred Properties: The particle size of active metal powder is 100 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The carbon nano material is carbon nanotubes,
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The solid-liquid interface has a cooling rate of 0.01-0.5 degrees C/minute. EXAMPLE - None given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The base material layer has thickness of 0.1-100 mm and maximum project area of 1-90000 cm2. Preferred Composition: The base material layer is a sheet molded article or an injection molded article. The adhesive layer is acryl-type adhesive, polyurethane-type adhesive, EVA-type adhesive or olefin-type adhesive. The molded article further comprises a printing layer and a hard-coat layer formed on surface(s) of molded article. Preferred Process: The three-dimensional structure is provided by performing heat bend forming at temperature more than softening point of polycarbonate resin base material layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass substrate contains alkali metal and alkaline earth metal elements.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The transparent protective film-forming coating solution contains 0.1-20 wt.% titanium oxide, 0.1-20 wt.% zinc telluride, silica-based binder containing 0.1-20 wt.% silicon dioxide, 0.1-10 wt.% silver compound, and a mixed solvent containing 20-40 wt.% ethanol and 40-80 wt.% water.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The material (A) is yttria-stabilized zirconia, ceria, gadolinium-doped ceria, aluminum oxide and lanthanum strontium manganite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metallic material is nickel, aluminum, copper, cobalt, iron, tin, antimony, magnesium, titanium, nickel, cerium, gadolinium, lanthanum, strontium and/or gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Parameters: 2nd modification catalyst has ammonia production ability lower than 1st modification catalyst. Preferred Components: 1st modification catalyst contains nickel (Ni) as constituent element, and 2nd modification catalyst contains rhodium (Rh) as constituent element.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of zinc oxide with respect to total amount of sintered compact is 50-99.8 wt.%. The content of metal and gallium oxide is 0.1-49 wt.% and 0.1-11 wt.%, respectively. The metal is zinc. Preferred Property: The water vapor-permeation rate of transparent conductive film is 0.1 g/m2/day or less at 40 degrees C under relative humidity of 90%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The content of manganese and chromium is 0.2-0.8 %mass and 0.1-0.4 %mass, respectively. The aluminum alloy further comprises 0.3 %mass or less iron.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The protection layer is made of aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The absorber layer includes a copper-zinc-tin containing chalcogenide material. The conductive layer includes molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Property: The epoxy compound has a molecular weight of 100-4000.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Resin: The resin is polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, (meth)acrylic acid resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyolefin resin, polycarbonate resin, and/or norbornene resin, preferably polyvinyl butyral resin or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Preferred Composition: The resin composition comprises 100 parts mass resin, 0.05-50 parts mass near-infrared absorber, and 0.005-5 parts mass epoxy compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Damage-proof filler is silica, alumina, kaolinite, iron oxide, diamond, and/or silicon carbide. Antiblocking agent contained in resin composition which forms primer layer is silica, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, talc, and/or calcium carbonate. Amount of antiblocking agent is 0.1-30 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of binder resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Ionizing radiation-curable resin composition contains greater than or equal to 1 weather resistance improving agent e.g. hindered amine light stabilizer which contains reactive functional group and/or triazine-based UV absorber. Weather-resistance improving agent contained in resin composition which forms primer layer is hindered amine light stabilizer which does not contain reactive functional group and/or triazine-based UV absorber.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: Ionizing radiation-curable resin contains urethane (meth)acrylate with 2-15 functional groups. Resin composition which forms primer layer contains binder resin, antiblocking agent, and weather-resistance improving agent. Binder resin contains polycarbonate-based urethane acrylic copolymer. Contact bonding layer contains heat sealing resin. Preferred Parameters: Thickness of surface protective layer is 2-6 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The photovoltaic element is a silicon hetero junction (HIT) type photovoltaic element, with at least 5% of the surface covered with a layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) or an alloy of amorphous silicon with at least one of the element selected from the group comprising oxygen, carbon, germanium and nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: An inner wall of the body is made of steel. The body is partially or completely coated with low-contamination carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Component (B) is benzotriazole-based compound and/or triazine-based compound. Acrylic adhesive composition further comprises optical stabilizer (C) e.g. hindered amine-based compound. Weight ratio component (B):component (C) is 1:1-10:1. Acrylic adhesive composition further comprises crosslinking agent (D).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic thin film layer contains inorganic oxide, inorganic nitride, inorganic acid nitride, inorganic oxycarbide, inorganic nitrocarbide, and inorganic oxynitrocarbide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The moisture absorption layer contains hygroscopic resin, dessicant, metal alkoxide, and/or silazane. The gas-barrier layer contains gas-barrier resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the method, 1,2 benzenedithiol, oxalic acid, phthalic acid and pimelic acid, or any organic acids are applied as anion counterpart of protic ionic liquids. The melting point of all synthesized ionic liquids is less than 100 degrees C categorizing them as room temperature of ionic liquids. Preferred Components: The protic ionic liquid has relatively better ionic conductivity in comparison with imidazolium-based protic ionic liquids. The derivatives comprise at least one of alkyl, aryl, halogens, halogenated alkyl and aryls, amines, amides, alkyl and aromatic alcoholic groups, nitroso, phenyl, organic boranes and diboranes, thiols, acylated groups, benzoylated groups, acyl halides, anhydrides, bisacylamides, esters, silylated, silanes, silazanes, or silicon compound of formula (Si-OR). The acid is sulfuric acid, salicylic acid or its derivative, thiolates, bisulfides, phthalic acid or its derivative, oxalic acid or its derivative, maleamic acid or its derivative, trifluoroacetic acid or polyfluoro organic acid.R = H, halo, alkyl or aryl. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Specific compound (protic ionic liquid) are prepared i.e. imidazolium(1,2a)pyridine disulfide of formula (Ia).    EXAMPLE - 0.05 ml of sulfuric acid was added to 0.1 ml of imidazo(1,2a)pyridine dropwise while the container was kept in pre-cooled (at 5-8 degrees C) ultrasonic bath. The reaction mixture was stirred well for 2 minutes and transferred again to ultrasonic bath for 15 minutes to obtain a purple solid sample. The sample was washed by diethyl ether to remove non-ionic compounds from the sample. The obtained solid was pumped overnight while it was heated at 40 degrees C oil bath to give imidazo(1,2a)pyridine disulfide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): The preparation of (I), comprises reacting a metal salt or a metal complex of metal M with a corresponding free ligand optionally present in deprotonated form, and optionally carrying out deprotonation. Preferred Components: (I) are electrically neutral. The cycle which is formed from the groups A, Y1, M, L1, L2 or L3, comprises 5-9 ring atoms, preferably 5-7 ring atoms. SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 67 Compounds (I) are disclosed e.g. copper complexes of formula (Ia)-(Ie).    EXAMPLE - 191.1 mg N-((1H-Indol-7-yl)methyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)ethanamine and 98 mg copper mesityl were dissolved in 4 ml toluene under stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Then the obtained solution was filtered and solvent was removed in vacuum to obtain (Ia).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Definitions:    L=group of formula (iii) or phenylene;    X1=sulfur or oxygen;and    R2-R5=H.    SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 3 Dicyano quiodimethane compounds i.e. 2-(4-(2-((2Z)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)ethylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile of formula (Ia), 2-((4E)-4-(2-((2Z)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)ethylidene)-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile and 2-((4E)-4-((5-(bis(4-methylphenyl)amino)thiophen-2-yl)methylidene)-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile, are disclosed.    EXAMPLE - 1 g 2-(4-Formylphenyl)propanedinitrile, 1 g 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-methyleneindoline and 20 ml acetic anhydride were stirred at 100 degrees C for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered, the filtrate was washed using methanol and ion-exchange water, to obtain 1.6 g green solid with molecular weight of 325. The obtained solid was purified by sublimation at 200 degrees C, to obtain 0.5 g greenish yellow crystal which was 2-(4-(2-((2Z)-1,3,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylidene)ethylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)propanedinitrile.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The intermediate layer contains selenium, tellurium, antimony sulfide, lead sulfide, Pb-Sn-Se(1-n), cadmium sulfide (CdS), Pb-Cdn-Se(1-n), aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, barium oxide, and/or titanium or its compound or alloy. Intermediate layer is a plated layer containing selenium. Plated layer containing selenium consists of multilayer of tellurium layer and selenium layer or mixed layer of tellurium and selenium. Light absorption layer is formed on electron carrying layer which consists of translucent porous electron transport material. Intermediate layer is formed on electron carrying layer, and (RNH3)nPbI(2+n) layer is formed on intermediate layer. Translucent porous electron transport material is titanium dioxide (TiO2), tungsten trioxide (WO3), zinc oxide (ZnO), niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), and/or strontium titanate (SrTiO3). Electron carrying layer is formed on translucent conductive layer which is a 1st electrode layer. Light absorption layer is formed on translucent conductive layer which is a 1st electrode layer. Translucent conductive layer contains fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-tin oxide, gallium-doped ZnO, aluminum-doped ZnO, and/or niobium-doped TiO2. Translucent conductive layer is formed on translucent substrate. Positive hole transport layer is formed on light absorption layer. Positive hole transport layer contains selenium, iodide, cobalt complex, iron complex, copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN), molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), nickel(II) oxide (NiO), and group consisting of organic hole transport material. A 2nd electrode layer is formed on light absorption layer or positive hole transport layer. The 2nd electrode layer contains carbon, gold, tungsten, molybdenum, and/or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The thermal-barrier coating film is obtained using cetytrimethylammonium chloride and tetraethoxyorthosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The polymer excludes any oils for subsequent removal to form pores or any pore-forming materials to facilitate pore formation. The manufacture of microporous membrane further involves annealing the non-porous precursor after extruding and before biaxially stretching. The annealing process is carried out at temperature of Tm-80 degrees C to T-10 degrees C. The machine direction stretching is conducted either hot and/or cold condition. The cold machine direction stretching is carried out at temperature less than Tm-50 degrees C. The hot machine direction stretching is carried out at temperature less than Tm-10 degrees C. The total machine direction stretch comprises 50-500%. The total transverse direction stretch comprises 100-1200%. The machine direction relax comprises 5-80%. The dry-stretched process excludes the use of oils for subsequent removal to form pores or pore-forming materials to facilitate pore formation. Preferred Composition: The polymer comprises semi-crystalline polymer. The polymer is chosen from polyolefin, fluorocarbon, polyamide, polyester, polyacetal, poly oxymethylene, polysulfide, polyvinyl alcohol, and co-polymer. Preferred Properties: The average pore size of the microporous polymer film is 0.03-0.30 mu m. The microporous polymer film has porosity of 20-80%. The round shaped pores have an aspect ratio of 0.75-1.25. The membrane has transverse tensile strength of 250 Kg/cm2 or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The formation of substrate assembly further involves applying a gas-state nitrogen source including at least one of ammonia and nitrogen, and gas-state boron source including at least one of boron hydride, boron trifluoride, boron trichloride, triethylborane, trivinylborane, and diborane, solid-state boron source including boron(III) oxide, and applying at least one of ammonia borane (H3NBH3), borazine ((BH)3(NH)3), and polyborazylene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal layer includes a catalyst layer formed of metal or an alloy, such that the metal includes nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), rhodium (Rh), silicon (Si), thallium (Ta), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), uranium (U), vanadium (V), and zirconium (Zr).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INSTRUMENTATION AND TESTING - Preferred Components: The substantially round shaped pore has an aspect ratio of 0.75-1.25. The membrane has a transverse tensile strength of greater than or equal to 250 kg/cm2. The membrane has a thickness of 7.6-19.4 mu m, a porosity of 37-63%, a transverse direction strength of 286-1037 kg/cm2, a machine direction strength of 618-1437 kg/cm2, a ratio of machine direction tensile strength and transverse direction tensile strength of 0.9-3.8, and an aspect ratio of 0.71-0.9. The membrane further comprises a filler, an elastomer, an antistatic agent, an antiblocking agent, an antioxidant or a lubricant. The membrane is at least one ply of a multi-ply membrane. The plies of the multi-ply membrane are laminated to one another. The membrane includes all plies of a multi-ply membrane. The dry-stretch process is carried out by extruding nonporous precursor, and biaxially stretching the nonporous precursor, where the biaxial stretching includes machine direction stretch and transverse direction stretch with a simultaneous controlled machine direction relaxes. The dry stretched process excludes the use of oils for subsequent removal to form pores or pore-forming materials to facilitate pore formation. The plies of the multi-ply membrane are co-extruded. The plies of the multi-ply membrane are made of same or different materials.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is semicrystalline polymer having a crystallinity of 20-80%. The polymer includes polyolefin, fluorocarbon, polyamides, polyesters, polyacetal, polysulfide, polyvinyl alcohol, and/or their copolymers. The average pore size of the microporous polymer film is 0.03-0.3 mu m. The microporous polymer film has porosity of 20-80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The substrate is made of material selected from a group consisting of iridium, ruthenium, platinum, gold, palladium, rhodium, rhenium and osmium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Method: The method further comprises mixing the pre-alloyed chromium (Cr)-iron (Fe) powder with a second powder comprising cobalt, nickel, copper, Fe, yttrium, or Cr. The interconnect comprises 1-10 wt.% iron and balance chromium. The step of sintering the compacted powder comprises sintering the compacted powder in an atmosphere comprising hydrogen or an inert gas after compacting. The pre-alloyed Cr-Fe powder is made by adding iron to a chromium melt recovered from the aluminothermic process to form the melt containing iron and chromium recovered from the aluminothermic process, and atomizing the melt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode composition is yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and nickel or nickel oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The bimetallic nanowire has a stoichiometric composition of formula A1-xB'x. The first salt comprises a metal cation of the metal of the first salt, with a corresponding anion comprising at least one of halides, oxides, acetates, acetyl-acetates, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, sulfides, citrates, hydroxides, amine halides, amine hydroxides, hydrogen halides, alkali halides, ethylenediamine halides, hydrogen hydroxides, cyanides, and carbonates. The second salt comprises a metal cation of the metal of the second salt, with a corresponding anion comprising at least one of halides, oxides, acetates, acetyl-acetates, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, sulfides, citrates, hydroxides, amine halides, amine hydroxides, hydrogen halides, alkali halides, ethylenediamine halides, hydrogen hydroxides, cyanides, and carbonates. The first solution and the second solution are provided in at least one of an aqueous solvent and/or an alcoholic solvent. The bimetallic nanowire is synthesized with the solvent in a liquid state.A=the metal of the first salt;B'=the metal of the second salt;x=0-1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The synthesized bimetallic nanowire is an alloy of the metal of the first salt and of the metal of the second salt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The polycrystalline III-V semiconductor layer is selected from a group consisting of Indium Phosphide, Indium Arsenide, Indium Nitride, Indium Antimonide, Gallium Phosphide, Gallium Arsenide, Gallium Nitride, Gallium Antimonide, Boron Nitride, Boron Phosphide, Boron Arsenide, Aluminum Nitride, Aluminum Phosphide, Aluminum Arsenide, and Aluminum Antimonide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method further includes: performing a washing step and a drying step prior to performing the sputtering process; and a ventilation step before performing the lithography process, where the ventilation step ventilates an argon gas into the vacuum cavity. The method includes a gas discharging step after performing the sputtering process, and the gas discharging step discharges the reactive gas outwardly from the vacuum cavity. In the lithography process, the graphite layer is thinned by an ion source to make part of the graphite layer stripped from the graphite layer to make the graphite layer thinned to become the graphene layer. The voltage of the ion source for thinning the graphite layer is 0.5-1.2 KV, the illuminating time for thinning the graphite layer is 2-7 minutes, and the gas flow rate for thinning the graphite layer is 20-35 SCCM. The washing step includes providing an ultrasonic oscillation alkaline-water bath, heating the ultrasonic oscillation alkaline-water bath and making the substrate disposed into the ultrasonic oscillation alkaline-water bath. The drying step includes placing the substrate into an oven and baking the substrate after the washing step is performed. The heating temperature of the ultrasonic oscillation alkaline-water bath is not less than 100 degrees C, and the time for the substrate to place in the ultrasonic oscillation alkaline-water bath is not less than 1 hour. The sputtering process is performed by a sputter having a vacuum cavity, where a graphite target and the substrate are disposed in the vacuum cavity, and a reactive gas is provided within the vacuum cavity to perform the sputtering process. The process temperature in the sputtering process is not greater than 250 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The multi-layer structure comprising a barrier layer made of titanium, chromium, nickel, cobalt, platinum and lead.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The dopant is a metal or a metalloid. The sol-gel precursor solution includes a salt of the dopant at a concentration of 0.01-0.2 M. The coating with the sol-gel precursor solution is carried out by dip-coating or spin-coating. The flame annealing is carried out at 900-1400 degrees C for 5 seconds to 5 minute; at heating rate of at least 50 degrees C/second; and at fuel-to-oxidizer equivalence ratio up to 1.1 (preferably up to 1). The dopant is a first dopant. The method (M1) further involves annealing the doped nanostructure or the doped thin film in the presence of a gaseous source of a second dopant to form a codoped nanostructure or a codoped thin film. The sol-gel precursor solution includes a source of a second dopant, and flame annealing is carried out to form a codoped nanostructure or a codoped thin film. In method (M1), a concentration of the dopant at a surface of the doped nanostructure or the doped thin film is at least 5 wt.%, and a concentration of the dopant at a depth of 10 nm below the surface is at least 50% of the concentration of the dopant at the surface. In method (M2), the flame annealing is carried out at the temperature of at least 900 degrees C for 5 seconds to 5 minute. The fuel-to-oxidizer equivalence ratio is 1-1.5. The flame annealing is carried out with a partial pressure of O2 that is less than 0.4 Pa. The nanostructure or the thin film includes a metal oxide, and oxygen-to-metal molar ratio at a surface of the nanostructure or the thin film subsequent to flame annealing is not greater than 80% of an initial oxygen-to-metal molar ratio at the surface prior to flame annealing. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The filler is selected from metal oxide particles, metal particles or metal salt particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Film: The surface protection film comprises filler. The average primary particle diameter of the filler is 0.01-10 (preferably 0.01-5, especially 0.02-1) mu m. The average secondary particle diameter of the filler is 0.1-50 (preferably 0.1-30, especially 0.3-5) mu m. The acrylic resin having a hydroxyl group contains a fluorine atom by polymerization of monomers having a hydroxyl group and monomers having a fluorine atom. The content ratio of monomers having a fluorine atom to all monomers that constitute the acrylic resin is 0.1-50 (preferably 1-25, especially 1-10) wt.%. Preferred Component: The filler is selected from carbon black particles, fluororesin particles, polyethylene particles, acrylic particles, polystyrene particles, urethane particles, polyamide particles, polyimide particles or polyester particles. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred properties: The average size of aggregate of sodium compound is 0.05-1 mm2 in 1 cm2 area on the surface of a target in the sintered compact. The sintered compact has flexural strength of 100 N/mm2 or more, and theoretical density ratio of 90% or more and bulk specific resistance of 1 m( Omega ).cm or less. The average grain size of the metal phase in the sintered compact is 20 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: An electron beam is used as a heating unit in purification of silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The transparent stretchable electrode is made of silver nano wires or carbon nano tubes (CNT), thin-film metal electrode, metal grid electrode or meander-shaped bus bars.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The insulating barrier layer contains silicon nitride or silicon carbide. Preferred Properties: The insulating barrier layer has a thickness of 0.5-5 mu m. The thickness of n-type layer and p-type layer is 20-25 nm and 8-10 nm, respectively. The intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon-containing layer has a thickness of 300-400 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The metallic substrate contains mild steel.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic diamine compound is of formula (IVa) or (IVb).R21-R23=1-10C alkyl or 1-10C haloalkyl;X=-O-, -CR24R25-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -O(CH2CH2O)q-, 6-18C polycyclic cycloalkylene or 6-18C polycyclic aryl;R24,R25=H, 1-10C alkyl or 1-10C haloalkyl;q=1 or 2;l,m,n=0-4;andp=0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primary polyimide-based resin layer comprises polyimide-based resin or precursor. The secondary polyimide-based resin layer contains polyimide-based resin (a) having a glass transition temperature of 200 degrees C or more. Preferred Properties: The difference of thermal expansion coefficient of primary polyimide-based resin layer and secondary polyimide-based resin layer at 100-200 degrees C is 60 ppm/ degrees C or less. The peel strength of primary polyimide-based resin layer with respect to the secondary polyimide-based resin layer after applying physical stimulation is 0.3 N/cm or less. The adhesiveness of primary polyimide-based resin layer with respect to the secondary polyimide-based resin layer before applying physical stimulation is 1 N/cm or more. The polyimide-based resin contained in the laminate has glass transition temperature of more than 200 degrees C. The primary polyimide-based resin layer has thermal expansion coefficient of 30 ppm/ degrees C at 100-200 degrees C, and 1% thermal decomposition temperature (Td1%) of more than 450 degrees C. The primary polyimide-based resin layer has a thickness of 0.05-5 mu m. Preferred Process: The polyimide-based resin is obtained by reacting aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of formula (I) and polyamic acid containing aromatic diamine compound having linear structure, and curing at 200 degrees C or more.A=tetravalent aromatic organic group of formula (iia) or (iib);R11-R14=1-4C alkyl or 1-4C haloalkyl;a=0-3;b=0-2;c,e=0-3;d=0-4;andf=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The first portion is made of Aluminum-Gallium-Indium-Arsenic material. The second portion is made of Gallium-Indium-phosphorus material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The compressive-stress layer has compressive stress value of 100 Mpa or more, and stress depth of 10 mu m or more. The cover glass has thickness of 0.5-3 mm. The cover glass has transmittance of 30 % or less (at wavelength of 350 nm) (thickness of 1.5 mm).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polyaryl ketone-type resin is chosen from polyaryl ether ketone and polyaryl ketone. The polyaryl ether ketone is thermoplastic polymer having arylether unit of formula: -(O-Ar)- and arylketone unit of formula: -(C(=O)-Ar2)-. The polyaryl ketone is thermoplastic polymer having arylketone unit of formula: -(Ar3-C(=O)-C(-R1)(-R2)-C(=O))-.Ar1-Ar3=optionally substituted arylene;andR1,R2=H, 1-12C optionally substituted aliphatic, aromatic or alicyclic hydrocarbyl or 5-10C optionally substituted hetero-aromatic group.The polyaryl ketone-type resin is polyaryl ether ketone chosen from polyetherketone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyetheretherketoneketone and polyetherketoneetherketoneketone. Preferred Properties: The plastic film has coefficient of thermal expansion of 30 ppm/ degrees C or less, absolute value of thermal contraction rate of 1.5% or less, absolute value of difference of thermal expansion coefficient in machine direction and tandem direction of 30 ppm/ degrees C or less, absolute value of difference of thermal contraction rate of machine direction and tandem direction of 2% or less, total light transmittance of 70% or more and glass transition temperature of 250 degrees C or more. The glass transition temperature of film is increased by 80 degrees C or more before and after the heat treatment process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Layer: The silica porous film is formed by condensing silicon compound of formula: Si(OR)4.R=1-8C alkyl.The inorganic thin film layer consists silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride and/or aluminum oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Layers: The laminated barrier sheet further has an adhesive layer having primary and secondary surfaces, laminated on the silica porous film. The silica porous film is laminated on at least one main surface of adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is a polyurethane-type adhesive layer or acryl-type adhesive layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The inorganic reaction system is a glass frit.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Component: The wafer has p-doped layer and n-doped layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of additive particles with respect to total weight of paste is 0.1-5 wt.%. Additive particles does not contain more than 0.1 wt.% of elements other than aluminum and silver. Additive particles comprises 95 wt.% or more single phase mixture of aluminum and silver with respect to total weight of additive particles. Additive particles comprise core and shell. The core comprises 90 wt.% or more aluminum with respect to total weight of core. The shell comprises 90 wt.% or more silver with respect to total weight of shell. Additive particles comprise 5-70 wt.% or 50-90 wt.% aluminum with respect to total weight of additive particles. Additive particles comprise 30-95 wt.% or 10-50 wt.% silver with respect to total weight of additive particles. The content of inorganic reaction system is 0.1-7 wt. % with respect to total weight of the paste. Preferred Properties: Additive particles have crystallinity of 75% or more. Additive particles have specific surface area of 0.01-25 m2/g.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition (I) contains aliphatic urethane resin (B) having aliphatic urethane structure of formula: -CH2-CH(-R1)-OH (A), -O-(CH2-CH-(-R2)-O)n (B), -X-N(-R3)-R4 (C), -N+(-R5)(-R6)-R7 (D) or of formula (E). The laminate further contains resin composition (II) which is a blend of an acrylic modified polyester resin (A), aliphatic urethane resin (B), and melamine compound and/or carbodiimide compound. The mass ratio of aliphatic urethane resin (B) with respect to acrylic modified polyester resin (a) is 50/50-90/10. The total content of melamine compound and carbodiimide compound with respect to 100 parts mass of total content of acrylic modified polyester resin (A) and aliphatic urethane resin (B) is 10-40 parts mass. The thermoplastic resin film is a multilayer film having thermoplastic resin layer (a1) and thermoplastic resin layer (a2). The thermoplastic resin in layer (a1) is crystalline polyester. The thermoplastic resin in layer (a2) is different from the crystalline polyester. average reflectance of 70% or more at wavelength of 900-1200 nm. The resin layer has glass transition temperature of 20-45?o C.R1,R2=H or CH3;n=positive integer;X=-C(=O)- or CH2;R3,R4=H, CH3, C2H5, CH(CH3)2 or CH2OH;andR5-R7=CH3 or C2H5.Preferred Properties: The laminate has 10-point average roughness (Rz) of 150 nm or more, internal haze of less than 0.5%, retardation value of 280 nm or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anode active material comprises lithium metal, carbonaceous material, metal compound and metal oxide. The metal compound is selected from silicon, germanium, tin, lead, phosphorus, antimony, bismuth, aluminum, gallium, indium, titanium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, magnesium, strontium and barium. The metal oxide is silicon oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide and lithium vanadium system oxide. The dispersion medium is selected from acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, chloroform, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, cyclohexane and water.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The concentration of the anode active material is 80-100 pts. wt. The concentration of the macromolecular binder is 5-10 pts. wt. The concentration of the conductive material is 1-5 pts. wt. Preferred Components: The slurry further comprises water-based binder, preferably carboxymethyl cellulose, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polybutadiene, butyl rubber, fluorine rubber, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, PEI, polyphosphazene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, polyvinyl pyridine, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, latex, polyester resin, acrylic resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl cellulose.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The zinc source is selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hydrides.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of electrolytic salt compound is 10-99 %mass with respect to 100 %mass polymer electrolyte material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The coating material further comprises solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Metal: The base metal is copper.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: An anionic functional group is introduced into the pyridyl methylamine complex. The anionic functional group is carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkali metal is chosen from potassium, lithium, rubidium and cesium. The alkali metal salt comprises lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, rubidium carbonate and cesium carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The semiconductor has electron mobility of more than 50 cm2V-1second-1, preferably more than 100 cm2V-1second-1, hole mobility of more than 10 cm2V-1second-1 and post-deposition annealing temperature of 600 degree C or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal oxide comprises a transition metal oxide. The metal oxide is titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium pentoxide, tantalum pentoxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, zinc titanate, and/or copper titanium oxide. The metal oxide is mesoporous. The metal oxide is a non-porous single crystal or polycrystalline film. The quantum dot comprises: a core comprising the I-III-VI semiconductor, and/or the I-II-IV-VI semiconductor; and an outer layer having a cation composition that differs from a cation composition of the core. Preferred Method: The step of exposing the metal oxide to the linker comprises exposing the metal oxide to a solution comprising the linker for a first period of time effective to bind the linker to the metal oxide, where the first period of time is 12-48 hours. The step of exposing the linker functionalized metal oxide to the quantum dot comprises exposing the linker-functionalized metal oxide to a suspension comprising the quantum dot for a second period of time effective to bind the quantum dot to the linker, where the second effective period of time is 24-48 hours.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The linker is benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, 5-amino-isophthalic acid, 4-(trimethoxysilyl)butan-1-amine, 4-(triethoxysilyl)butan-1-amine, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine, 4-(trimethoxysilyl)aniline, and/or 4-(triethoxysilyl)aniline. The quantum dot further comprises many capping ligands comprising pyridine and amine compounds of formula RNH2.R = lower alkyl. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): A sulfoxide-containing compound of formula (A) is reacted with methyl iodide in presence of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide, to obtain copolymer (III). Preferred Definitions:    Ar1,Ar2=1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene, 4,4'-biphenylene, 4,4'-thiobisphenylene, 2,2'-biphenylene, 2,2'-diphenylpropyl, 2,2-diphenylhexafluoropropyl, p-terphenylene or 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-octafluorobiphenylene;and    Z=methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, phenyl or benzyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nanocrystals further comprise alpha -sodium yttrium fluoride nanocrystals or beta -sodium yttrium fluoride nanocrystals, where the beta -sodium yttrium fluoride nanocrystals further comprises a mixture of nanocrystals including erbium and ytterbium-based nanocrystals, thulium and ytterbium-based nanocrystals, and thulium and erbium-based nanocrystals.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The organic ligand is carboxylic acid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer is polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, polyethylene, polyester, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyamide or and polyvinyl alcohol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - The substrate is glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first layer consists of a continuous layer of undoped tin oxide; and has a thickness of 10-25 nm. The second layer comprises 50-60 atomic % silicon, 12-16 atomic % tin, and 25-30 atomic % phosphorus; and has a thickness less than 40 nm. The second layer comprises a mixture of silica, tin oxide, and phosphorus oxide having a thickness less than or equal to 37 nm, and the second layer includes less than or equal to 20 wt.% tin oxide. The transparent conductive coating has a thickness of 500-700 nm; has a sheet resistance of less than 10 Omega /square; and has a surface roughness of 10-15 nm. The underlayer has a surface roughness less than the surface roughness of the transparent conductive coating.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The biocompatible molding is made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (RTM: colorless organic polymer thermoplastic).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The dielectric layer comprises aluminum oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon dioxide, silicon oxide and silicon nitride, and another dielectric layer comprises silicon oxide, silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal paste comprises aluminum.
Preferred Definitions:    R1=1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-methyl-benzene;    R2,R3=H;and    n=1 or 2.    EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method further involves forming a layer of wetting material in the channel before forming the layer of a surface-modifying copolymer, removing the surface-modifying copolymer and the block copolymer after transferring striped pattern into the graphene substrate. Preferred Property: The average width of the nanoribbon in the array is 20 nm or less. Preferred Component: The graphene substrate is a single sheet of graphene.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The surface-modifying copolymer is a random copolymer of styrene and methylmethacrylate. The block copolymer is a block copolymer of styrene and methylmethacrylate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first chelating agent component comprises ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, nitriloacetic acid, hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 1,2-diphenylethanolamine and/or borane-dimethylamine. The second chelating agent component is a tellurium chelator including 1-3C poly-hydroxy-carboxylic acids having 1-3 hydroxyl groups. The passivation component comprises a source of sulfur such as organic sulfur-containing compound, mercaptopropionic acid, thioglycerol, mercaptoethylamine and/or ammonium sulfide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The first chelating agent component is a cadmium chelator including a polyamine, a poly-alcohol amine and/or an amino-carboxylic acid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The first laser is a neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser. The rotating target includes copper.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The receiving medium comprises a material selected from acrylic, aluminum, anodized aluminum, hard anodized aluminum, glass, or tempered glass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The precursor materials comprise copper nitrate hydrate, gallium nitrate hydrate, and indium nitrate hydrate. Preferred Method: After performing flame spray pyrolysis, the precursor materials form copper indium gallium oxide (CuIn0.7Ga0.3). The copper indium gallium oxide is deposited onto a substrate and collected on filter paper before sulfurizing or selenizing.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The first conductive material comprises aluminum, lead, silver, bismuth, indium, antimony, tin, magnesium, gallium or cerium. The first conductive material comprises a conductive layer formed from a metal paste that is heated to form at least a portion of the electrical contact structure. The metal paste comprises metal particles. The metal particles comprise a material selected from aluminum, silver, gold, tin, cobalt, rhenium, nickel, zinc, lead, palladium, or molybdenum. The substrate comprises a second material. The second material comprises silicon or silicon-aluminum alloy. The conductive element comprises an element selected from lead, tin, silver, bismuth, indium, antimony, titanium, magnesium, gallium or cerium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): Preparation of compound (I) involves reacting a transition metal halide with 1,2-dilithioacetylene or 1,4-dilithiodiacetylene to form a transition metal compound. The method further involves heating the transition metal compound in an inert atmosphere at a temperature that causes decomposition of the transition metal compound to form transition metal nanoparticles to form a metal nanoparticle composition, where heating the precursor mixture is performed at 150-600 degrees C; heating the metal nanoparticle composition at 500-1900 degrees C in inert atmosphere, argon, or nitrogen at a temperature that causes formation of a ceramic comprising nanoparticles of a transition metal carbide or transition metal nitride in a carbonaceous matrix; and heating the ceramic in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to form an oxide of the transition metal on the surface of the ceramic. Preferred Compound: The M' atom has 1 to m-((C?=C)n-M' ligands. Preferred Components: The transition metal halide is TiBr4 or WCl6. Preferred Definitions:    M and M'=Ti or W;    m=4 or 6;    n=2.    EXAMPLE - A sample of the Ti-acetylene compound was pressed into a dime-shaped specimen under vacuum using a pellet maker treated with a mold release agent. The sample was heated in the pellet maker under vacuum to 300 degrees C for 2 hours. After this, a well-formed dime-shaped specimen was released from the pellet maker and was treated in a thermal oven under air to 1000 degrees C at the rate of 10 degrees C/minute. It was held at this temperature for 1 hour and was subsequently cooled to ambient temperature. The resultant shaped sample contained TiO2 particles of size ~2.4 nm in both anatase and rutile phases as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The method further involves adding a second poly(vinyl butyral) resin to the melt blend in a fourth amount. The third amount comprises 1-3 (preferably 0.5-2.5, especially 1-2) parts per hundred weight resin. Preferred Blend: The poly(vinyl butyral) melt blend is extruded to form a poly(vinyl butyral) sheet. The poly(vinyl butyral) melt blend comprises 0.1-3 (preferably 0.5-2.5, especially 1-2) parts per hundred weight resin of hydrogen peroxide. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickness of the back contact buffer layer is 0.1-50 nm. The group-IIIB-VIA compound film comprises cadmium telluride. An electron reflector material film is disposed between the cadmium telluride compound film and the back contact buffer layer. The ionic conductor comprises an anionic ionic conductor. The ionic conductor comprises: at least one of lithium intercalated graphite, lithium cobalt oxide of formula (LixCoO2), sodium beta -alumina, sodium zirconium phosphorus silicon oxide (Na3Zr2Psi2O-12), lithium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide or manganese oxide, or iodine; iodine and copper; or at least one of copper iodide and copper-rubidium-chlorine-iodine compositions.x = not defined.Preferred Method: The method further comprises annealing after disposing the back contact buffer layer, where the annealing is carried out at 150-500 degrees C.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate comprises one of gallium arsenide and silicon. The photovoltaic material comprises aluminum gallium nitride arsenide (AlxGa1-xNyAs1-y), where x is 0.3-0.5, and y is 0-0.05, aluminum gallium arsenide nitride antimony (AlzGa1-zAs1-x-yNxSby), and aluminum indium gallium nitride arsenide bismuth (AlInGaNAsBi).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The fuel cell is high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Fuming sulfuric acid has sulfur trioxide (SO3) concentration of 20-70 mass%. Ice-water has ice concentration of 60 mass%. Amount of added ice-water is 20-30 times the mass of 2,4-diaminophenol hydrochloride.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of 3,5-diamino-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid salt of formula (I) involves introducing nitrogen to reactor, adding fuming sulfuric acid:2,4-diaminophenol hydrochloride with mass ratio of 5-10:1, heating and refluxing for 4-8 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding ice-water, standing to precipitate crystals, filtering, and vacuum-drying. Preparation of 3,5-diamino-2,6-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid salt of formula (II) involves introducing nitrogen to reactor, adding fuming sulfuric acid:4,6-diaminoresorcinol hydrochloride with mass ratio of 5-10:1, heating and refluxing for 4-6 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding ice-water standing to precipitate crystals, filtering, and vacuum-drying. Preferred Conditions: Standing is performed for 3-4 days.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method involves adding metal salt chosen from potassium chlorate and potassium permanganate, and metal oxide chosen from manganese dioxide and iron oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal hydride and the titanium raw material are mixed with the ratio of 0.2-2:1, preferably 1:1. The mixture of metal hydride and the titanium raw material are reacted for 5 minutes to 10 hours. The metal hydride is sodium borohydride, sodium hydride or calcium hydride. The titanium raw material is anatase phase titanium dioxide, rutile titanium dioxide or amorphous titanium dioxide. The washed crude product is vacuum dried at 30-100 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The washed crude product is washed using water and ethanol. The inert atmosphere is argon, helium or nitrogen atmosphere.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal salt is iron, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, manganese, zinc, magnesium chloride, acetylacetone compound, nitrate, acetate, carbonates, phosphate, sulfate and/or oxalate, and the adding amount of the metal salt is 0.1-50%. The concentration of graphene oxide aqueous solution is 0.1-100 mg/ml. The reducing agent is formaldehyde, formic acid, lithium borohydride, sodium boron hydride, potassium borohydride, amine borohydride, methanol, ethanol, polyol, hydrazine hydrate, acetic acid, malic acid, citric acid, glucose, sucrose, ascorbic acid, their derivatives and/or analogs; and the final concentration of the reducing agent is 0.5-1000 mmol/l. The carrier gas is air, neon, argon, nitrogen and/or ammonia. The acidic aqueous solution comprises boric acid, sulfuric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid, tungstic acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphotungstic acid, nitric acid and/or perchloric acid; where the oncentration of the acidic aqueous solution is 0.1-10 mol/l. The catalyst is 2-200 nm particles supported or coated on the reduced graphene oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitrogen-containing ligands is 4,4'-bipyridyl, bipyridyl, phenanthroline, pyridine diamine and/or melamine; and the mass ratio of nitrogen-containing ligand to graphene oxide is 1:100-1:1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The mass ratio of the cobalt salt and the carbon material is 1:0.5-5. The cobalt salt has a grain diameter of 1-5 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The perovskite reactant includes lead halide and halogenated methyl amine, preferably lead chloride, lead bromide or lead iodide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The halogenated methyl amine is methyl ammonium iodide or methyl ammonium bromide. The molar ratio of lead halide and halogenated methyl amine is 1:0.8-1:3. The content of perovskite reactant is 5-60 wt.%. The solvent is chosen from formamide, acetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and gamma -butyrolactone. Preferred Process: The method involves dissolving lead halide and halogenated methyl amine in solvent, stirring, adding additive having concentration of 50 mg/ml or less, and stirring to obtain perovskite precursor solution. Preferred Definitions:    A=Cs.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Component: The flexible substrate is thin film glass layer or polymer layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic diamine compound is of formula (IIa) or (IIb).R21-R23=1-10C alkyl or 1-10C haloalkyl;X=-O-, -CR24R25, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -O(CH2CH2O)q-;R24,R25=H, 1-10C alkyl, or 1-10C haloalkyl;q=1 or 2;l,m,n=0-4;andp=0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The debonding layer has peel strength of less than 0.3 N/cm to more than 1 N/cm with respect to peel strength of flexible substrate. The polyimide-based resin has similarity value of 0.5 or less, which is calculated using the relation: similarity value=( alpha fit(k1x Li(dianhydride)+k2x Lj (diamine))(power (k)(0))), where Li=exp((-k3x coefficient i)x Vi(power (y)(0))) and Lj=exp((-k4x coefficient j)x Vj(power (y)(0))), k(0) is 2, y(0) is -1, k1 is 206.67, k2 is 124.78, k3 is 3.2, k4 is 5.9, coefficient i and coefficient j is calculated from the molecular structure of dianhydride and diamine respectively, Vi and Vj are the volume of dianhydride and diamine respectively, and alpha fit is 1 or 0.1-0.95. The polyimide-based resin has glass-transition temperature of more than 200 degrees C. The debonding layer has thickness of 0.05-5 mu m. Preferred Process: Polyimide-based resin comprises polyamic acid obtained by reacting aromatic diamine compound and aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydride of formula (I) and curing to temperature of more than 200 degrees C.A=group of formula (i) or (ii);R11-R14=1-4C alkyl or 1-4C haloalkyl;a,c,e,f=0-3;b=0-2;andd=0-4.Preferred Composition: The polymer layer comprises polyether sulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyamidoimide and/or polyesteramidoimide. The polymer layer has imidization ratio of 50-99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The carrier substrate is glass substrate or metallic board. The flexible substrate has thin film glass layer (13a) and/or polymer layer (13b).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The aromatic diamine compound is of formula (IVa) or (IVb). The polymer layer comprises polyethersulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyamide imide, polyester, poly(ether amide imide) poly(ester amide imide) and/or polyarylate.R21-R23=1-10C alkyl or 1-10C haloalkyl;X=-O-, -CR24R25-, -C(=O)-, -C(=O)O-, -C(=O)NH-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -O(CH2CH2O)q-, 6-18C polycyclic cycloalkylene or 6-18C polycyclic aryl;R24,R25=H, 1-10C alkyl or 1-10C haloalkyl;q=1 or 2;l,m,n=0-4;andp=0 or 1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The ratio of adhesiveness (A2) of flexible substrate and bonding layer after applying physical stimulation and adhesiveness (A2) of flexible substrate and bonding layer before applying physical stimulation is 0.001-0.5. The peel strength of debonding layer with respect to the flexible substrate after applying physical stimulation is 0.3 N/cm or less. The adhesiveness of debonding layer with respect to the flexible substrate before applying physical stimulation is 1 N/cm or more. The polyimide-based resin has glass transition temperature of more than 200 degrees C. The debonding layer has thermal expansion coefficient of 30 ppm/ degrees C at 100-200 degrees C, and 1% thermal decomposition temperature (Td1%) of more than 450 degrees C. Preferred Process: The polyimide-based resin is obtained by reacting aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of formula (I) and polyamic acid containing aromatic diamine compound having linear structure, and curing at 200 degrees C or more.A=tetravalent aromatic organic group of (iia) or (iib);R11-R14=1-4C alkyl or 1-4C haloalkyl;a=0-3;b=0-2;c,e=0-3;d=0-4;andf=0-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The ratio of primary metal with respect to secondary metal is 1:99-99:1. The bimetallic metal alloy nanoparticles are rhodium-palladium metal alloy nanoparticles or rhodium-platinum metal alloy nanoparticles. The ratio of rhodium with respect to palladium or platinum contained in the bimetallic metal alloy nanoparticles is 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, or 3:1.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The suspension used during the preparation of bimetallic randomly-alloyed nanoparticles contains polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped metal complexes and pre-calcined silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The substrate and the patterned transparent layer are made of gallium nitride (GaN), silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), sapphire or silicon dioxide (SiO2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - A diffusion media layer is comprised with a component selected from the group of carbon paper, woven polymer fabric or porous spun-bonding medium consisting of aromatic polyester polymer and combinations. Cured resin is formed with solid particles by ribs.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Dispersing agent composition comprises skeleton of formula (-O-Si(X)(X)-O-P(Y1)(=O)n-) (3).X, Y1=R or bridging O; andn=0 or 1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chloroindium phthalocyanine content layer is layer(s) chosen from p layer and i layer. The i layer contains fullerene.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The external covering unit is a laminate film containing aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous binder is at least 1 rubber type binder chosen from styrene butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, methyl methacrylate-butadiene rubber and methyl methacrylate rubber, preferably styrene-butadiene rubber. The content of binder in positive electrode active material layer is 2-6 %mass. The content of aqueous binder in negative electrode active material layer is 2-5 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The exterior unit (29) of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a laminate film containing aluminum.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thickener contains component(s) chosen from methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose or its salt, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid or its salt, polyethylene glycol, and polyethylene oxide. The aqueous binder is at least 1 rubber type binder chosen from styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, methyl methacrylate-butadiene rubber and methyl methacrylate rubber, preferably styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The gas emission unit is a ceramic layer in which the separator containing inorganic particles and binder is laminated on at least one surface of porous resin substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The aqueous binder is at least 1 rubber type binder chosen from styrene butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, methyl methacrylate-butadiene rubber and methyl methacrylate rubber, preferably styrene-butadiene rubber.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The filter apparatus is a filter-press machine.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The waste liquid is a liquid discharged from slicing process by fixed-abrasive system of silicon ingot.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hardenable monomer is polyfunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative. The content of ultraviolet absorber is 0.1-10 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass of total amount of thermoplastic resin and hardenable monomer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The thermoplastic resin is non-crystalline thermoplastic resin, and has aromatic ring structure or alicyclic structure. The thermoplastic resin is chosen from polysulfone-based resin, polyarylate-type resin, polycarbonate-type resin, and alicyclic hydrocarbon-type resin. The mass ratio of thermoplastic resin with respect to hardenable monomer is 30:70-90:10. Preferred Process: The gas-barrier film is obtained by injecting ions into gas-barrier layer containing polysilazane as high-molecular silicon-containing compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The crystallized substance contains a supersaturated magnesium solid solution and/or an intermetallic compound including magnesium-aluminum alloy (Mg17Al12 as ( beta ) phase). The content of primary magnesium phase (primary ( alpha ) phase), and crystallized substance is 10-90% and 10-90%, respectively. The content of supersaturated magnesium solid solution and beta -phase is 10-90% and 10-90%, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The magnesium alloy material comprises magnesium, and metal chosen from aluminum, zinc, manganese, silicon, rare-earth element, calcium, strontium, tin, germanium, lithium, zirconium and/or beryllium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The corrosion solution of magnesium is an alcohol solution containing aqueous acid chosen from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid and/or chromic acid, and alcohol chosen from methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and/or glycerol.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The semiconducting regions are made of silicon, germanium and silicon germanium. The concentrator photovoltaic cell structure is a multi-junction cell made of III-V semiconductor compounds e.g. indium-gallium-arsenic, indium-gallium-arsenic phosphorus, gallium-arsenic and indium-gallium phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The non-ferromagnetic element(s) are transition element or rare-earth element, preferably yttrium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The polyhydric phenol compound is 4-((3-((2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl)benzene-1,3-diol, or 4-((4,5-dihydroxy-2-methylphenyl)(phenyl)methyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol. The electroconductive polymer composition further contains binder resin, solvent and dopant to which the conductive polymer is oxidized or reduced. The solvent is mixed solvent of water and alcohol. The conductor is a laminate in which some conductive layers are laminated. The conductor is formed as an electroconductive film.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer and dopant forms poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrene sulfonicacid) composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Disclosed): An intermediate compound of formula: HO-(A)-O-(-(B')-O-(A)-)n-OH (II), halogen-containing compound of formula: Z-(-B'-)-Z (III) and epichlorohydrin are reacted, and the resultant product is subjected to polycondensation reaction to obtain oxygen-containing compound.Z=fluoro, chloro or bromo. EXAMPLE - 45.7 g Bisphenol-A, 600 g dimethyl sulfoxide and 133.3 g toluene were provided into a reactor, stirred, 25 mL potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, the resultant product was heated, then 1,4-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)cyclohexane was added, the resultant product was reacted at 140 degrees C for 3 hours, cooled, then methanol/water mixed solvent was dripped, concentrated hydrochloric acid was added, the resultant product was precipitated, the precipitate was filtered, washed and vacuum dried, to obtain 27.5 g oxygen-containing compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (Disclosed): Carboxylic acid or alcohol and (4-(bis(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)methanol are condensed by hydration in presence of azodicarboxylic acid ester and triphenylphosphine as catalyst, to obtain triphenylamine derivative (I). Preferred Compound: The triphenylamine derivative (I), is preferably of formula (II). SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS - 1 Triphenylamine derivative is specifically claimed, i.e., (4-(bis((4-((triphenylamine-2-ylcarbonyloxy)methyl)phenyl))amino)phenyl)methyl triphenylamine-2-carboxylate of formula (III).    EXAMPLE - 3 g (4-(Bis(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl)methanol, 3.30 g 2-triphenylaminecarboxylic acid, 5.97 g tributylphosphine, and 100 ml dehydrated tetrahydrotriphenylamine were taken in reaction container. 7.44 g 1,1'-(Azodicarbonyl)-dipiperidine dissolved in 30 ml tetrahydrotriphenylamine solution was dripped at 1 degrees C under nitrogen stream and reaction was carried out by refluxing for 48 hours, to obtain reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was filtered and reaction solvent was removed by evaporation, to obtain white powder of crude material. The white powder of crude material was subjected to column purification using silica gel, to obtain 1.12 g (4-(bis((4-((triphenylamine-2-ylcarbonyloxy)methyl)phenyl))amino)phenyl)methyl triphenylamine-2-carboxylate. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced using the obtained compound. The image forming apparatus using the photoreceptor produces images with excellent gas-proof property and image blur-proof property.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: In the micro-arc oxidation treatment using the direct current voltage, the direct current voltage is 300-600 V, an electric current density is 0.05-0.30 A/cm2, and the processing time is 20-180 minutes. In the micro-arc oxidation treatment using the alternating current voltage, the positive voltage is 300-700 V, the negative voltage is 0-200 V, a working frequency is 10-3000 Hz, a duty ratio is 10-60%, and the processing time is 20-180 minutes. The sintering process is carried out at a temperature of 600-1000 degrees C for 10-120 minutes. The supporting step is carried out by a dipping method. The dipping method comprises dipping the ceramic film covered with the foam of alumina and titanium oxide in platinum based catalyst precursor, and drying and heating the precursor. Preferred Components: A content of aluminum in the electrolyte is 5-20 g/l. The platinum based catalyst precursor is tetraammineplatinum(II) nitrate (Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2) solution. The Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2 solution has platinum concentration of 0.01-0.1 mole/l.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphene conduction layer comprises single layer of graphene, single layer reduction of oxygen graphene, graphene paper, reducing graphene oxide paper, and single-layer porous zeolite.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The membrane layer comprises a polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polytetrafluoroethylene film, polyvinylidene fluoride film, inorganic ceramic membrane, paper spacer film, non-woven membrane, biological membrane, ceramic film, solid electrolyte, perfluoro sulfonic acid resin, asbestos film, silicon carbide film, lithium aluminate film, and Nafion (RTM: perfluorosulfonic acid polymer).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The titanium source is chosen from titanyl sulfate, tetrabutyl titanate, titanium isopropoxide, titanium tetrachloride and titanium trichloride. The titanium source solution is preferably titanium trichloride solution with a concentration of 1.2 mol/L. The titanium dioxide photocatalyst is ordered mesoporous anatase/rutile titanium dioxide-phase junction photocatalytic material having specific surface area of 72.2-40.4 m3/g and pore diameter of 6.6-10.7 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The nonionic surfactant is chosen from F127, P123, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iron source is ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride or iron(II) nitrate (Fe(NO3)2).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The lead-free glass powder preferably comprises 50 pts. wt. bismuth trioxide, 16.7 pts. wt. or 29 pts. wt. boron trioxide, 10 pts. wt. or 18 pts. wt. silicon dioxide, 7 pts. wt. or 10 pts. wt. zinc oxide, 1 pt. wt. or 6 pts. wt. phosphorus pentoxide, 0.5 pt. wt. or 3 pts. wt. barium oxide, 0.5 pt. wt. or 3 pts. wt. calcium oxide, and 0.5 pt. wt. or 2 pts. wt. molybdenum trioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The raw material for metallic silicon is mixture containing silica, petroleum coke and charcoal. Preferred Property: The surface resistivity is 1.5-3 ( Omega ).cm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The volume ratio of the water vapor to the acid in the acid gas is 0-1.5. The glass sheet comprises a dealkalized layer formed in at least one surface of the glass sheet, and a dense structure formed in surface of the dealkalized layer. The weather-resistant glass sheet contains a dense structure formed in a surface of the glass sheet, and alkaline elution amount which is less than in a glass sheet that has the same thickness and composition as the weather-resistant glass sheet and that does not have a surface having a dense structure formed. Preferred Properties: The average value of transmittance gains for light having wavelength of 400-800 nm, is 1% or more. The projections and depressions in the surface of the glass sheet have depth of 20-200 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The glass plate is obtained from glass containing 5-20 wt.% alumina, 56-75 wt.% silica, 8-22 sodium oxide, 0-10 wt.% potassium oxide, 0-14 wt.% magnesium oxide, 0-5 wt.% zirconia, and 0-5 wt.% calcium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The preparation of linear copper nano-wire comprises completely dissolving cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyl amine as organic amine solvent at 150-200 degrees C to obtain solution A, completely dissolving copper acetylacetone as copper source in solution A, stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain solution B, adding solution B in silicon sheet coated molybdenum as catalyst, placing in a hydro-thermal kettle, and reacting for 5-20 hours at 140-200 degrees C, cooling to room temperature, washing for 3-5 times, vacuum drying the obtained solid at 50-80 degrees C for 2-8 hours to obtain the linear copper nanowire. Preferred Components: The ratio of copper nano-wire and zinc source is 1: 0.5: 1:10. The total amount ratio of sulfur source and zinc and copper is 1:1-5: 1. Zinc source includes zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc acetylacetonate, and zinc dihydrogen phosphate. Sulfur source includes sodium sulfide, thiourea, thioacetamide, cysteine, and dodecyl mercaptan. The hole trapping agent includes methanol, sodium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, and/or lactic acid, preferably 0.35M sodium sulfide and 0.25M sodium sulfite mixed solution.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preparation (claimed): The N-butyl carbazole compound is prepared by mixing carbazole compound of formula (III), 2-cyanoacetic acid and 2-(4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid in an organic solvent mix with an alkaline compound. The reaction mixture is heated with stirring for 10 hours to get N-butyl carbazole compound of formulae (I-II). Preferred Components: The basic compound is piperidine, pyridine, triethylamine, dimethylamine or their mixture. The organic solvent is acetonitrile, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran or 1,4-dioxane. The re-crystallization solvent is chloroform, methanol or ethanol. Preferred Definitions:Ar=a group of formulae (VI-VII)..
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of gallium-arsenide buffering layer is 100-150 nm. The thickness of indium-gallium-arsenide nitride epitaxial layer thin film is 300 nm to 1 mu m. The bandwidth of indium-gallium-arsenide nitride epitaxial layer thin film is 1 eV. Preferred Composition: A solution containing sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and water in a ratio of 3:1:1 is used in preparation of indium-gallium-arsenide nitride thin film grown on gallium-arsenide substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Trichloroethylene, acetone, hydrochloric acid, deionized water and methanol are used in preparation of indium-gallium-arsenide nitride thin film grown on gallium-arsenide substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Condition: The flow rate of oxygen and nitrogen is 1800-2200 sccm/minute and 13000-20000 sccm/minute, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The organic carbon source is fructose, inositol, lactose, citric acid and glucose. The organic solvent is anhydrous ethanol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and carbon tetrachloride.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The substrate is glass, quartz, indium tin oxide conductive glass, or fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The silver mirror reaction is carried out by stirring 0.039 mol/L aqueous silver nitrate solution and 0.208 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, adding 0.0013 mol/L ammonia water, dissolving, adding 0.046 mol/L aqueous glucose solution, where volume ratio of aqueous silver nitrate solution, aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide solution and aqueous glucose solution is 80:20:20:1, stirring for 1-5 minutes, vertically placing into substrate, and cleaning at 60 degrees C for 2 minutes to prepare silver nano thin film.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (Claimed): Preparation of (I) comprises providing a 4,8-bis-(1,3)dithiolan-2-ylidene-2,6-bis-trimethylstannanyl-4,8-dihydro-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophene compound of formula (A) and a 4-(4,8-bis-(1,3)dithiolan-2-ylidene-4,8-dihydro-benzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')dithiophen-2-yl)-bis(bromo-(1,2,5)thiadiazolo(3,4-c)pyridine) compound of formula (B) in a protective gas atmosphere of dry oxygen-free environment, subjecting (A) and (B) to Stille coupling reaction in the presence of an organic solvent and a catalyst, at a temperature of 60-120 degrees C for 24-72 hours, separating and purifying to give the polymer (I), where (A) and (B) are taken in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.5:1. Preferred Process: The separation and purification of (I) comprise removing excess organic solvent from the reaction system by evaporation under reduced pressure, adding the residual liquid dropwise to methanol and sedimenting, filtering, washing the solid with methanol, subjecting to alumina column chromatography, followed by leaching with chloroform, collecting the washings after washing, removing the washing liquid by evaporation of the organic solvent, adding methanol drop wise to the remaining liquid sedimentation, collecting the solid by suction filtration after Soxhlet extraction with acetone for 3 days, adding the collected liquid phase drop wise to methanol, and sedimenting under vacuum pumping overnight to give a purified solid.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The ratio of spectral intensity of 0.28 nm with respect to spectral intensity of 0.155 nm in radial distribution function of gas-barrier layer is 0.08-0.2, as determined by X-ray wide absorption vicinity structure spectrum. The gas-barrier layer has a hardness of 0.8-1.8 GPa. The density of gas-barrier layer is 1-7 g/cm3, as measured by X-ray reflectance method. Preferred Composition: The gas-barrier layer further contains aluminum oxide. The gas-barrier layer contains 1-35 atomic% zinc, 5-25 atomic% silicon, 1-7 atomic% aluminum, and 50-70 atomic% oxygen. The target material used during the manufacturing process contains aluminum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The method for hydrogen production after removal of hydrogen gas further involves adding aqueous solution of potassium hydrogen carbonate to a reactor under reduced pressure, for generating carbon dioxide gas and aqueous solution of potassium carbonate, adding water to the aqueous solution of potassium carbonate, and using the potassium carbonate for generating hydrogen gas and aqueous solution of potassium hydrogen carbonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The metal particles comprise copper, silver, gold, platinum, aluminum and/or mercury.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The anode layer comprises an oxide material selected from a group consisting of vanadium doped strontium titanate and vanadium- and sodium-doped strontium niobate (SNNV). The cathode layer comprises a composite including a material selected from a group consisting of lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide, lanthanum strontium manganate, barium strontium cobalt iron oxide and samarium strontium cobalt iron oxide, and another material selected from a group consisting of yttria stabilized zirconia, scandia stabilized zirconia, gadolinia doped ceria, samaria doped ceria, samaria-neodymium doped ceria, erbia stabilized bismuth oxide, dysprosium tungsten stabilized bismuth oxide, yttria stabilized bismuth oxide, strontium and magnesium doped lanthanum gallate. The cell allows a baffler layer that comprises a perovskite type oxide or metal oxide, barrier layer that comprises strontium oxide and a bather layer that comprises strontium titanate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The cell allows the baffler layer that comprises a composite selected from a group consisting of a nickel-GDC composite, a nickelyttria stabilized zirconia composite and a nickel-niobium doped strontium titanate composite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Properties: The energy density of electromagnetic beam in the surface of organic semiconductor film is 20000 mJ/cm2 or less. The scanning speed of electromagnetic beam in the surface of organic semiconductor film is more than 0.2 m/second.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The thickness of organic semiconductor film is 5% or more with respect to focus depth of the electromagnetic beam. The thickness of the pattern formed on organic semiconductor film is 1-100 nm. Preferred Component: The organic semiconductor material is low-molecular weight organic semiconductor material.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The tempered glass substrate comprises glass composition containing 45-75 %mass silica, 1-30 %mass alumina, 0-20 %mass sodium oxide and 0-20 %mass potassium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The substrate has film in the main surface. The film comprises silicon dioxide, niobium pentoxide, titanium dioxide and indium-titanium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The 1A group element is sodium and/or lithium, and the concentration of sodium is 2x 1015 cm-3 or more and 1x 1020 cm-3 or less and the concentration of lithium is 2x 1015 cm-3 or more 1x 1020 cm-3 or less. The compound semiconductor comprises cadmium telluride or zinc-telluride cadmium. The container comprises boron nitride and/or quartz.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - The silicon oxynitride layer is formed by performing ion implantation process in the layer containing the polysilazane type compound.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is made into solution of water or glycol component, or slurry, and melt-mixes with extruder with a vent. Preferred Components: Phosphoric acid alkali metal salt is sodium-phosphate salt.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Polyester resin composition is obtained by melt-mixing polyester resin composition A and polyester resin composition B in which elongation retention is greater than or equal to 50% and amount of monovalent metallic element chosen from potassium, lithium and sodium is 0.8-4 mol/ton, of bivalent metallic element chosen from magnesium, manganese, calcium and cobalt is 1-4 mol/ton and of elemental phosphorus is 1.8-7 mol/ton.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The crystal structure is a rhombic system with space group of Pna21. The semiconductor structure is provided with epitaxial layer consisting of semiconductor material, on sapphire substrate. The hetero-epitaxial structure is provided with epitaxial layer consisting of semiconductor material, on zinc oxide layer. The semiconductor element is provided with semiconductor layer containing semiconductor material. Preferred Property: The semiconductor material has a band gap of 1.55 plus minus 0.1 eV.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The base layer (C) contains layer (C1) containing silicon as main component, and layer (C2) containing silicon oxide (SiOx, where x is 1-1.99). Preferred Properties: The layer (C1) has thickness of 6-13 nm. The transparent electroconductive film has surface-resistance value of 60 ohms/square or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The to-be-joined raw material contains 0.0001-0.1 %mass carbon, 0.001-1.2 %mass silicon, 0.001-1.2 %mass manganese, 0.001-0.04 %mass phosphorus, 0.0005-0.03 %mass sulfur, 0-2 %mass nickel, 11.5-32 %mass chromium, 0-2.5 %mass molybdenum, 0-1.5 %mass copper, 0-0.8 %mass niobium, 0-0.4 %mass titanium, 0-6 %mass aluminum, 0-0.05 %mass nitrogen, 0-0.01 %mass sum of calcium, magnesium, yttrium and rare-earth metal, 0-0.03 %mass sum of lead, tin and zinc impurities and remainder of iron and unavoidable impurities.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: At least one portion of the to-be-joined raw material contains 9-40 %mass chromium, 0.0001-0.10 %mass carbon, 0.001-1.2 %mass silicon, 0.001-1.2 %mass manganese, 0.001-0.04 %mass phosphorus, 0.0005-0.03 %mass sulfur, 0-2 %mass nickel, 11.5-32 %mass chromium, 0-2.5 %mass molybdenum, 0-1.5 %mass nickel, 0-0.8 %mass niobium, 0-0.4 %mass titanium, 0-6 %mass aluminum, 0-0.05 %mass nitrogen, 0-0.1 %mass sum total of calcium, magnesium, yttrium and rare-earth element, 0-0.03 %mass sum total of lead, tin, and zinc, as an impurities, remainder of iron and unavoidable impurities. The stainless steel plates are ferrite-type or martensitic stainless steel having average grain size of 50 mu m or less, and surface roughness of 0.2 mu m or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal oxide is chosen from zinc oxide (ZnyOx), cadmium oxide (CdyOx), tin oxide (SnyOx), indium oxide (InyOx), tantalum oxide (TayOx), indium-doped tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, copper-doped tin oxide, iron-doped tin oxide, manganese-doped tin oxide, cadmium-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, chlorine-doped tin oxide, zinc-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide, fluorine-doped zinc oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, and/or molybdenum-doped indium oxide. The metal-rich metal oxide is tin-rich tin oxide. The transparent conductive oxide comprises nano needles and metallic plasmonic nanostructures. The metal-rich metal oxide is manufactured using atmospheric gas. The atmospheric gas is argon, nitrogen and/or hydrogen, or air. Preferred Properties: The nano needles have length of 20-5000 nm and width of 5-1000 nm. The difference in index of refraction between metal-rich metal oxide and air is 0.1-5. The metal-rich metal oxide has reflectivity of 15% or less at wavelength of 520-800 nm. The light trapping capability of metal-rich metal oxide is more than indium-doped tin oxide by 5%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The ferritic stainless steel foil further comprises less than 2 %mass molybdenum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The single crystal silicon substrate is FZ or Cz N-type or P-type silicon substrate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic base is tetramethylammonium hydroxide, ethylenediamine, ethylenetriamine, or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The platinum precursor is potassium chloroplatinate or platinum acetylacetonate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Components: The metal source is copper, silver, gold, molybdenum nitrate, antimony, bismuth, copper, zinc chloride and bromide acetate or nitrate. The crystal silicon battery sheet is single crystal silicon, polysilicon, amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The metal source solution is chloride, copper, silver, molybdenum, acetate and/or nitrate. The crystalline silicon material is single crystal silicon, polysilicon and/or amorphous silicon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The substrate silicon sheet is monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon and doping type is N type or P type. The phosphorus source is phosphorus oxychloride, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, phosphorus pentoxide or diethyl phosphite.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The graphite-like carbon nitride precursor is urea, thiourea, guanidine, dicyandiamide, dicyandiamide or melamine.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The second step includes flowing nitrogen at 25 sccm, refluxing at 150 degrees C for 1 hour, and refluxing at 250 degrees C for 2 hours, where vacuum pressure of vacuum drying box is 10-1 Pa. The first step includes magnetically stirring at 80 degrees C under reflux for 30 minutes. The centrifuge rotating speed is 3500 revolutions/minute. Preferred Components: The tetragonal phase nanocrystal material of formula (Cu1.84Zn1.14Sn0.91S4) has particle size distribution range of 5-10 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The method comprises placing copper foil in tube furnace; vacuum pumping to 4.2x 10-2 to 7.6x 10-2 Torr of 100-500 sccm gas and 10-80 sccm hydrogen; heating tube furnace for 30-60 minutes at 900-1050 degrees C; continue heat preserving for 10-60 minutes; passing 10-30 sccm methane; and continuously reacting for 30-90 minutes. Preferred Component: The etching liquid comprises 0.5-1.0 M ferric chloride, 0.5-1.0 M ferric nitrate, or Marble reagent.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The graphene is single layer, double layer, or multilayer graphene that forms thin film. It is synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. The carbon nanotube thin film network is single-wall, double-wall, or multiwall carbon nanotube. It is synthesized via chemical vapor deposition to form mesh size of 20 nm to 2 mu m. The carbon nanotube film is free-free web-supporting film having transmittance of 80-95%, preferably 85-92%. The copper foil has thickness of 10-150 mu m, preferably 15-25 mu m; and has purity of more than 95%, preferably more than 99%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The phosphate solution comprises phosphoric acid, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium phosphate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The silicon wafer is polycrystalline silicon film. The thickness of the mask is 20-90 nm, preferably 80 nm. The refractive index of the mask is 1.9-2.2, preferably 2.05. The mask is made of silicon nitride or silica by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, low pressure chemical vapor deposition method, atomic layer deposition method, physical vapor deposition method or sol-gel method. The texturing solution is a mixture of 49 wt.% hydrofluoric acid and 65 wt.% nitric acid in a volume ratio of 1:3-1:6. The texturing solution includes 30-50 pts. hydrofluoric acid, 160-180 pts. nitric acid and 80-100 pts. purified water. The reflectance of silicon wafer upper surface and lower surface is at least 28%, and the reflectance of other side surface is 22%. Preferred Method: The plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method parameter includes temperature of 350-400 degrees C, pressure of 60-100 Pa, silane of 700-1200 sccm, ammonia gas of 2500-3000 sccm and deposition time of 20-200 seconds. The temperature of texturing solution is 3-5 degrees C, and the preset time is 70-110 seconds. The texturing is carried out via chain-type texturing device including a conveying belt for carrying silicon wafer through texturing solution at a speed of 0.8-1.2 m/minute. The method further comprises water washing, alkali washing, acid washing, water-washing and drying immediately after texturing process.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Properties: The pitch (3) of corrugated shape of the support film is 0.01-50 mu m, and the aspect ratio is 0.01-3.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compound: The photoacid generator is a sulfonium type photoacid generator. The content of photoacid generator in the transfer layer is 0.2-5 %mass.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: At least a portion of the coating cells are individually connected to a coating precursor supply and a dopant precursor supply, where the coating layer is transparent conductive oxide layer, and the coating precursor material comprises precursor material for oxide coating comprising one or more of zinc, iron, manganese, aluminum, cerium, tin, antimony, hafnium, zirconium, nickel, zinc, bismuth, titanium, cobalt, chromium, tin, indium, or an alloy of two or more of these materials. The method involves controlling the supply of at least one of coating precursor material and the dopant precursor material such that the dopant is non-uniformly distributed within the tin oxide layer, where the coating precursor material comprises tin oxide precursor to form tin oxide layer and the dopant precursor material comprises fluorine precursor, the fluorine content is higher at top of the tin oxide layer than near a bottom of the tin oxide layer, the fluorine content is lower at a top of the tin oxide layer than near a bottom of the tin oxide layer, and the fluorine content is higher in a middle region of the tin oxide layer than at a top or bottom of the tin oxide layer. Preferred Component: The dopant precursor material comprises at least one dopant chosen from fluorine, indium, aluminum, phosphorus, and antimony.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of components (A)-(C) is 35-95 parts mass, 3-50 parts mass and 0.1-10 parts mass, respectively.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The composition further contains 20-300 parts mass extender oil (E).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The average grain size of tetragonal crystal structure is preferably 10-400 mu m. The ratio of average grain size of both ends of tetragonal crystal structure is 0.5-2. Preferred Composition: The amount of oxygen, iron, zinc and tin in tetragonal crystal structure is 50 ppm or less, 20 ppm or less, 20 ppm or less and 20 ppm or less, respectively.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The content of carbon in the steel material is 0.21-0.60 %mass. The steel material further contains 0.005-0.70 %mass nickel and/or 0.005-2 %mass copper, 0.001-0.01 %mass calcium and/or 0.001-0.01 %mass rare-earth element, 0.001-0.01 %mass magnesium and/or 0.001-0.01 %mass zirconium, and 0.0001-0.1 %mass antimony and 0.001-1 %mass tungsten.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Property: The protrusion amount which is a difference of the maximum length of one side in a state sealed between the glass plates of 2 sheets and the maximum length of one side in a state sealed between the glass plates of 2 sheets after leaving it to stand at temperature of 85 degrees C and relative humidity of 85% for 150 hours is less than 2 mm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organometallic compound is of formula (I). The organometallic compound includes ligand including alcohol, diketone, ( beta )-ketoester, and ether.R=organic functional group containing H, optionally substituted 8C or less alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, or acyl;M=metal atom having valence of 2-4;andn=1 or more.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The tackifier is hydrogenated resin chosen from hydride, hydrogenated rosin, and hydrogenated terpene resin of petroleum resin. The content of tackifier is 10-80 %mass with respect to total content of resin composition. The resin composition further contains 0.05-2 %mass metal. A sealing substrate for sealing the element for organic electronic devices with the sealing layer is provided in the surface on the opposite side to the surface bonded by the element for organic electronic devices of the sealing layer. Preferred Process: The organic electroluminescent element is sealed using the sealing layer of the resin sheet. Preferred Properties: The resin composition has water vapor transmission rate of less than 100 mu m.g/m2.day, and light transmittance of 85% or more at wavelength of 550 nm. The sealing layer has thickness of 1-50 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: Acid is chosen from hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. The content of phosphorus contained in the purified silicon is 15 ppm or less. Metal element is chosen from calcium, aluminum and iron. The content of metal element contained with respect to 100 pts. wt. molten metal is 0.01-15 pts. wt.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The reaction start temperature of latent hardener having low reaction start temperature is 60-120 degrees C. The equivalence ratio of latent hardeners is 1:9-9:1. The reaction completion temperature of liquid resin composition is 150-250 degrees C. Preferred Composition: At least one of latent hardeners is an imidazole compound or a microcapsule-type hardening agent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The gel fraction of an adhesive layer is 60-95%. The base material is an optical component which is a polarizing plate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY - Preferred Property: The multicharged-ion battery is a secondary battery which charges/discharges at 60-300 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The alkaline-earth metal cation is magnesium ion or calcium ion. The alkali-metal cation is lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, rubidium ion, cesium ion, or francium ion. The molar ratio of alkaline-earth metal cation to all the cations contained in the molten salt is 0.01-0.05. The molten salt further contains halide ion chosen from fluoride ion, chloride ion, bromide ion and iodide ion, and magnesium ion as polyvalent-metal cation. The molar ratio of halide ion to all the anions contained in the molten salt is 0.001-0.1.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The representation impurity concentration is 1x 1018 cm-3 or more and 1x 1020 cm-3 or less. Silicon carbide substrate is 4H-silicon carbide substrate.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ionic liquid contains an imidazoliumion structure of formula (I). The holder does not contain lubricating agents.M1,M2=hydrocarbyl;andX-=anion.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The synthetic resin composition is obtained by mixing carbon fibers with polyetheretherketone resin. The surface-communicating hole is formed by extracting air hole-forming material from molded material using a solvent, which does not dissolve in resin composition and dissolve in air hole-forming material. Preferred Definitions:    M1=n-octyl group or n-hexyl group;and    M2=methyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The coating agent comprises solvent. The average composition comprises chalcopyrite type compound semiconductor ((L1)(M1)(X1)2) and ((L2)(M2)(X2)2), where L1 is IB group element chosen from copper, silver and gold, M1 is IIIB group element chosen from aluminum, gallium and indium and X1 is VIB group element chosen from sulfur, selenium and tellurium the stoichiometric ratio of L1, M1, and X1 is 1:1:2, L2 is IB group element containing copper, M2 is IIIB group element containing gallium and/or indium, X2 is VIB group element containing sulfur and/or selenium, the stoichiometric ratio of L2, M2, and X2 is 1:1:2, and the molar ratio of L1, M1, X1, L2, M2, X2 deviates from a stoichiometric ratio.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The supporting electrolyte is preferably chosen from 5-sulfobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, sodium 3,5-dicarboxybenzene-1-sulfonate and potassium sodium 3,5-dicarboxybenzene-1-sulfonate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: A preliminary conductive layer (3) is further formed during manufacture of solid electrolytic capacitor. The preliminary conductive layer is electroconductive polymeric layer formed by coating solution containing a conductive polymer and drying. Preferred Composition: The conductive polymer is polyaniline or polyaniline derivative.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The mixture of gas further contains argon, helium, neon, xenon, krypton and/or nitrogen.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): The organic heteropolymer is prepared by reacting diethynyl arene compound of formula (II), tetraalkoxy titanium, and alkyl magnesium halide in the presence of inert solvent. Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of the organic heteropolymer is 1x 103-1x 105. Preferred Definitions:    R1=aryl;    ring Ar1=group of formula (iii);and    R3,R4=linear or branched 4-12C alkyl, linear or branched 4-12C alkoxy, or linear or branched 4-12C alkylthio.    EXAMPLE - 0.191 g 1,4-Diethynyl-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzene and 0.198 g tetraisopropoxy titanium were dissolved in 20 mL diethyl ether, under argon atmosphere, to obtain a mixture. 1.25 mL Diethyl ether solution of isopropyl magnesium chloride was added to the obtained mixture, and stirred at -78 degrees C to -50 degrees C. The mixture was heated gradually, and stirred for 12 hours. 0.214 g Dichlorophenyl bismuthine was added to the reaction solution, under argon atmosphere, and stirred for 3 hours. The obtained solution was filtered, to remove the insoluble material. The formed solution was distilled and reprecipitated, to obtain the organic heteropolymer, with yield of 75%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic solvent is hydrocarbon-type solvent, halogen-type solvent, ketone-type solvent, ester solvent or alcohol solvent. The compound further has unit (C) in which hydrogen atom, halogen, cyclic structure or 1-4C lower alkyl group is connected by single bond. The compound shows phases other than N phase, SmA phase and SmC phase. The phases other than N phase, SmA phase and SmC phase is liquid crystal phase chosen from SmB, SmBcrystal, SmI, SmF, SmG, SmE, SmJ, SmK and SmH. The number of condensed ring of charge-transporting molecular unit (A) is 3-5. Each ring contained in the condensed ring is 5-6C ring. The number of ring contained in unit (A) is more than or equal to number of ring contained in cyclic structure unit. The charge-transporting molecular unit (A) is of formula (I). The unit (B) is optionally substituted 2-20C alkyl group, optionally substituted 2-20C alkenyl group, 2-20C alkyloxy group, 2-20C alkylthio group or group of formula: -(CH2)n-X-(CH2)m-CH3 (II). The unit (C) is chosen from aryl group or heteroaryl group (optionally substituted by 2-20C alkyl group optionally having halogen atom, 2-20C alkenyl group, 3-20C alkoxyalkyl group, 3-20C alkyl sulfanyl alkyl group or 3-20C alkylamino alkyl group), or is group of formula: Ar1-CC- (III) or R'-CC-Ar2- (IV).X=S, O or NH;m=0-17;n=2 or more;Ar1=optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl;Ar2=optionally substituted aryl;andR'=H, trialkylsilyl having 1-4C alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl optionally having 1-20C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (claimed): 3-(4-(3-Oxo-2,4,5-triphenylcyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl)phenyl)-2,4,5-triphenylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-one and 1-ethynyl-4-((4-ethynylbenzene)sulfonyl)benzene are subjected to Diels-Alder reaction, to obtain crosslinked copolymer of formula (III). Preferred Properties: The ion-conductive polymer has sulfonic acid group content of 20-40% and molecular weight of 50000-300000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The oxygen concentration in group III-V semiconductor substrate is 1.2x l016-6x l017 atoms/cm3. The material having a high chemical reactivity with oxygen atoms comprises carbon, aluminum, titanium or boron. The substrate comprises gallium arsenide, indium phosphide or gallium phosphide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The steel slags comprises iron metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The mass ratio content of hydrogenated cyclic olefin polymer (B) with respect to total content of polyisobutylene resin (A) and hydrogenated cyclic olefin polymer (B) is 90:10-20:80. The polymer (B) is hydride of 5C petroleum resin and hydride of 9C petroleum resin. The resin composition further 1-50 wt.% contains organometallic-type or metal oxide-type desiccant. Preferred Process: The hydride of petroleum resin is obtained by copolymerizing a 5C petroleum resin and 9C petroleum resin. Preferred Properties: The loss modulus of the resin composition is 100000 Pa.second or less, measured at 60 degrees C. The light transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm with respect to film of thickness 0.1 mm of the resin composition, is 85% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The relative standard deviation of zinc concentration obtained from each area is 20% or less, when divided into region in terms of being perpendicular with respect to main surface. The ratio of zinc concentration (Ch) of the cut substrate from the closest to the center point of the primary surface and zinc concentration (Cl) of the cut substrate from the principal plane closest to the periphery is 1.8 or less. The III-V group compound semiconductor is gallium arsenide or indium phosphide. Preferred Process: During manufacture of III-V group compound semiconductor crystal, the rotation speed of the container is 5-35 rpm, and the rotation speed of the seed crystal is 5-40, and pull-up speed of the seed crystal is 5-15 mm/hour. The ratio of rotation speed of the seed crystal and the container is adjusted so that ratio Rs/Rc of the rotation speed Rs of the seed crystal and rotation speed Rc of the container is 1.10-1.33.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The thickness of the overcoat layer is 13-70 mu m. The noble metal of the catalyst layer consists of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, or iridium. The inorganic oxide of the catalyst layer consists of alumina, ceria, zirconia, or their mixtures, or complex oxides of alumina, ceria and zirconia. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The void (C) is formed using chemical foaming agent. The foaming ratio is 7 cc/g or more in 0.05-2.5 mm-thickness. The particles (B) contain expanded foaming particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: The conductive layer is a layer obtained by dispersing a metal. The conductive layer is patterned by wet etching process, after laminating transparent resin layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Wiring is provided on the conductive layer or the transparent resin layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - TEXTILES AND PAPER - Preferred Composition: The filter cloth has double-woven structure comprising multifilament yarn and spun yarn.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of zinc hydroxide in the dried gel is 30% or more, as measured using X-ray diffraction analysis by reference intensity ratio method. The dopant element is group-13 element of periodic table, preferably aluminum and/or gallium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The biaxially-stretched polyarylene sulfide film further comprises layer (B) comprising inorganic particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The biaxially-stretched polyarylene sulfide film has melting point of 260 degrees C or less. The ratio of thickness of layer (A) and total thickness of biaxially-stretched polyarylene sulfide film is 0.5 or more. Preferred Composition: The polyarylene sulfide comprises 5-15 mol% m-phenylene sulfide units. The biaxially-stretched polyarylene sulfide film further comprises layer (A) which does not contain inorganic particles.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The formation of metal nanoparticles further involves immersing silica particles as base material in the aqueous solution.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer is a copolymer containing a propylene oxide as a monomer unit.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The acidic solvent contains nitric acid aqueous solution. Preferred Process: The oxide is manufactured using solid reaction method and coprecipitation method.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The product has oxygen concentration of 40 mass ppm or less, relative density of 99 %mass or more, and an average grain size of total surface of 30 mm or less. Preferred Composition: A molten metal is used in manufacture of cylindrical target component. Raw material used in manufacture of cylindrical target material is indium raw material with a purity of 99.99% or more.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The donor element contains material selected from P2O3 and P2O5, and the glass component substance selected from the group which consists of SiO2, K2O, Na2O, Li2O, BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, BeO, ZnO, PbO, CdO, V2O5, SnO, ZrO2 and MoO3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Inorganic oxide membrane is silicon oxide (SiOx). Thin metal film is aluminum (Al).x=1.5-1.8.Preferred Parameters: Inorganic oxide membrane has total film thickness of 10-150 nm. Thin metal film has film thickness of 1-4 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: In gas barrier film, organic substance membrane is provided between base material and inorganic oxide membrane. Organic substance membrane is selected from polyester resin, isocyanate resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, vinyl alcohol resin, ethylene vinyl alcohol resin, vinyl modified resin, and/or epoxy resin. Preferred Parameters: Gas barrier film has transmittance of greater than or equal to 40%.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Metal species are chosen from 1st transition element, 2nd transition element, or 3rd transition element. Acidic liquid is chosen from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Preferred Parameters: Hydrogen ion exponent (pH) of acidic liquid is less than or equal to 2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Aromatic carbon film consists of multiple-layered graphene with 2-30 layers.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The particles are chosen from metal, metal oxide and metal nitride. The usage amount of particles is 15-50 vol.%. Preferred Property: The particle diameter of particles is 100-1000 nm.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: The resin is obtained by polymerizing compound chosen from (meth)acrylate group-containing compound of formula: H2C=CH-C(=O)-O-(CH2-CH2-O)n-C(=O)-CH=CH2 and (meth)acrylate group-containing compounds of formulae (I)-(II).R1,R2=H or methyl;a=1 or 2;b,p=0 or 1;X=H, -CH3, -CH2OH, NH2, -CH2-O-C(=O)-C(-CH3)(=CH2) or -CH2-O-C(=O)-CH=CH2;andR3,R4=H or -CH3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid has 4-8C and the unsaturated aliphatic diol has 2-8C. The unsaturated aliphatic diol is butenediol comprising geometrical isomer. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The hole-transportation layer comprises copper thiocyanate, copper iodide, molybdenum oxide and/or nickel oxide. The light-absorption layer comprises electron-carrying layer containing porous electron-transport material. The photoelectric conversion apparatus further comprises intermediate layer comprising aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and/or barium titanium oxide, and transparent layer comprising fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-tin oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide and/or niobium-doped titanium oxide. The porous electron-transport material comprises titanium dioxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, niobium pentoxide and/or strontium titanium oxide. The photoelectric conversion apparatus further has secondary electrode layer provided on surface of hole-transportation layer. The secondary electrode layer comprises carbon, gold, tungsten, molybdenum and/or titanium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lattice constant of compound semiconductor layer (11) and (12) is 99-101%. The compound semiconductor layer (11) contains gallium arsenide or gallium-arsenic antimonide (GaAs1-zSbz, where z is more than 0 to 1). The compound semiconductor layer (12) contains Ga1-xInxAs, Ga1-xInxAsSb, GaAs1-ySby or GaInAs1-ySby, where x and y are 0-1. The film thickness of compound semiconductor layer (11) is 2 mu m or more. The compound semiconductor laminate further has compound semiconductor layer (c) with constant lattice constant.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: BiOX nanosheet is round sheet. Preferred Processes: TiO2 nanowire wafer is formed through self-assembly of nanosieve structure. TiO2 nanowire is prepared by ultrasonically dispersing 0.5-2 g tetra-n-butyl titanate in 10 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain uniform colloidal solution, reacting in high-pressure reaction container at 200 degrees C for 48 hours to obtain solid wafer, washing with water, acid-washing, drying, and calcining. BiOX/TiO2 composite photocatalyst is prepared by washing solid wafer with water and drying. Preferred Parameters: High-pressure reaction container has volume of 50 ml.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: High-pressure reaction container contains PTFE lining.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Supported nano-TiO2 catalyst is prepared by rinsing wet bacterial cellulose, adding to alkali solution, heat-treating, neutralizing with acid solution, washing with deionized water until neutral, immersing in ethanol solutions with different concentrations, removing disordered water from bacterial cellulose surface using solvent exchange, filtering to separate, adding bacterial cellulose to solvent, adding water inhibitor and precipitant, slowly adding TiO2 precursor, continuously stirring, ultrasonically dispersing until uniform, placing in hydrothermal reactor, placing in oven, performing low-temperature reaction at 120-200 degrees C, filtering reaction product, washing a number of times with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and drying. Filtered reaction product is washed with deionized water 1-5 times and washed with ethanol solution 1-3 times. Preferred Compositions: Alkali solution is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or sodium carbonate with concentration of 1-4 mass%. Precipitant is urea, sodium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, or potassium hydroxide, preferably urea or aqueous ammonia, and TiO2 precursor is titanium tetrachloride, titanium sulfate, or tetrabutyl titanate, preferably tetrabutyl titanate. Preferred Conditions: Reaction temperature is 150-200 degrees C, and reaction time is 12-48 hours. Drying temperature is 60-120 degrees C.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Ethanol solutions have gradually increasing concentration of 50-90%. Solvent is deionized water and ethanol mixed solution. Water inhibitor is acetylacetone.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Heat transfer-heat storage medium comprises 10-50 mass% potassium nitrate, 10-50 mass% sodium nitrate, and 1-40 mass% water glass. Water glass is sodium water glass and/or potassium water glass. Preferred Parameters: Water glass has modulus of 1.5-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Compositions: Heat transfer-heat storage medium comprises 10-50 mass% potassium nitrate, 10-50 mass% sodium nitrate, 10-30 mass% sodium nitrite, and 1-40 mass% water glass. Water glass is sodium water glass and/or potassium water glass. Preferred Parameters: Water glass has modulus of 1.5-3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The electroconductive support is a carbon support. The catalyst metal is platinum or its alloy.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The antioxidant contains citric acid or ascorbic acid. The content of antioxidant is 10 equivalent or more with respect to catalyst metal.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Processes: Classification process of setting the particle size of cyclic halosilane ground material to less than or equal to 300 mu m is performed after crushing process. Cyclic halosilane ground material with particle size of 20-300 mu m is made to contact with hydride reducing agent and/or organometallic reagent. Reaction process is implemented in presence of a solvent. Cyclic halosilane compound, hydride reducing agent, and/or organometallic reagent is dripped during reaction process. Purification process of cyclic silane is performed by cyclic silane distillation process of removing low-boiling component and high-boiling impurity from cyclic silane, and solid is removed from liquid containing cyclic silane. Preferred Components: Solvent is an ether solvent.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The atomic ratio of aluminum and gallium atoms with respect to bromine and chlorine atoms is 1-100, preferably 3-50. Preferred Properties: The conductive film has a transmittance of 85% or more at 1000 nm, a carrier mobility of 10 cm2/V.second or more, and a thickness of 0.03-30 mu m.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The nitrile group-containing copolymer rubber has iodine number of 120 or less. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of nitrile group-containing copolymer rubber is 300000 or less. Preferred Process: The metathesis reaction is performed in the presence of metathesis catalyst including ruthenium catalyst or osmium catalyst.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The chain transfer agent is hydrocarbon compound having carbon-carbon double bond(s), and hydroxyl group and/or carboxyl group, or hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The hydroxyl group, carboxyl group are bonded with terminal carbon atom or on carbon atom bonded to terminal carbon atom.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The porous inorganic compound is zeolite, alumina or silica.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Process: Iron and platinum are dissolved stably in the metal oxide with an active substance, under the reducing atmosphere and/or an oxidative atmosphere. The metal oxide is heated at a temperature of 600-1000 degrees C, during the manufacturing process. The functional oxide loses magnetism, when the iron-platinum nanoparticles are dissolved with the active substance. Preferred Components: The metal oxide contains iron oxide-containing compound of formula: A(M,Fe)O3-y (I), iron oxide-containing compound of formula: Ln(M1,Fe)O3-y (II), or strontium-titanium-iron oxide-containing compound of formula: SrTi1-xFexO3-y (III). The functional oxide further contains a metal chosen from calcium, strontium, barium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, gallium, and scandium.A=calcium, strontium, or barium;M=titanium or zirconium;Ln=lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, or samarium;M1=aluminum, gallium, or scandium;y=0-3;andx=0.09-0.11.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrical contact track includes a metal layer selected from one of a copper layer, an aluminum layer, a chromium layer, or an aluminum and copper alloy layer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The first surface of the silicon substrate is provided with potassium hydroxide etched surface. The dielectric layer is silicon dioxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The nitroxide is 2,2-diphenyl-3-phenylimino-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yloxyl nitroxide, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 2,2,5-tri-methyl-4-phenyl-3-aza-hexane-3-nitroxide, N-(2-methylpropyl)-N-(1-diethylphosphono-2,2- dimethylpropyl)-N-oxyl, phthalimide-N-oxyl, alkoxyamines or aminyls. The peroxide is benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide or hydroxycumyl peroxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Method: The reactions take place in the presence of a solvent including N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylacetamide. The reactions take place in the molten state. The process comprises carrying out priming using 2,2-diphenyl-3-phenylimino-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yloxyl nitroxide and benzoyl peroxide. Preferred Components: The fluorinated polymer is poly(vinylidene fluoride). The unsaturated monomer is vinyl, styrene, (meth)acrylic monomers, (meth)acrylamides or N-vinyl pyrrolidone. The unsaturated functional monomer carries a functional comprising cyclic anhydride, carboxylic acid, epoxide, trialkoxysilane, hydroxyl, carbonate or oligo(oxyethylene). EXAMPLE - (2,2-Diphenyl-3-phenylimmo-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yloxyl nitroxide) (DPAIO) was grafted with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) in the presence of 55% of peroxide initiator (benzoyl peroxide) to obtain DPAIO grafted PVDF.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The device configuration section is provided with light-emitting portion and thin-film transistor device.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The addition amount of nano fine particles is 20 wt.% or less.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preparation (disclosed): Ferrocene compound of formula (III) and organic compound of formula: R2-L are reacted, to obtain organic heteropolymer (Ia).L=leaving group.Preferred Property: The number average molecular weight of the organic heteropolymer is 1x 103-1x 105. Preferred Definitions:    group of formula (i)=group chosen from groups of formulae (ii)-(vi);    M1=P, As, Sb or Bi;    M2=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, As, Sb, Bi, Se or Te;    M3=Se or Te;    M4=S, Se or Te;    R1a=alkyl or aryl;    R1b=halo, alkyl or aryl;    R2a=S, Se or Te;    R2b=halo, alkyl, aryl or complex-formed group 11 element;    R2c=O;    -C(-R3)=CH-CH=C(-R4)-=-CH=CH-CH=CH- or -C(-Z1-R5-a)-CH-CH=C(-Z1-R5a)-;    Z1=sulfur;    R5a=aryl;    group of formula (vii)=groups chosen from group of formulae (viii)-(x);    ring Ar=benzene ring, monocyclic hetero-arene ring or fused polycyclic arene ring;    R6a,R6b,R6c=alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio;    Z2=oxygen, sulfur or NR6d;    R6d=H, alkyl or acyl;    p1=0-4;and    p2,p3=0-2.    EXAMPLE - In argon atmosphere, 0.237 g compound of formula (A) was dissolved in diethyl ether (25 ml), 0.1 g titanium complex was added and stirred at -78 degrees C. The contents were heated to -50 degrees C and stirred for 12 hours, to obtain a ferrocene polymer having a titana-cyclopentadiene site in main chain structure. 0.047 ml Dichlorophenyl phosphine was added to ferrocene polymer of formula (IV), and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Diluted hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction mixture, liquid separation was carried out, titanium salt was removed, extraction was carried out with methylene chloride, and reprecipitated using hexane, to obtain polymer having repeating unit of formula (V) with yield of 72%.    R=2-ethylhexyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organic silicone particles contain 20-50 mol% siloxane unit of formula: SiO2 (I), 20-70 mol% siloxane unit of formula: R1SiO1.5 (II) and 5-50 mol% siloxane unit of formula: R2R3SiO (III). The nitrogen compound is chosen from acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl formamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide.R1-R3=organic group having C linked to Si.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Properties: The organic binder is chosen from ethylene-acryl acid copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride and styrene butadiene rubber. The content of the organic silicon microparticles in heat-resistant porous layer is 80-98 %mass. Preferred Properties: The thickness of polyolefin microporous film is 10-20 mu m. The ratio of thickness of polyolefin microporous film and heat-resistant porous layer is 1-5.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Properties: The water repellency of the film, and distance between the base material surface and atmospheric-pressure plasma is controlled by the position of the introduction of the mist to the atmospheric-pressure plasma. The surface of film has super hydrophobic property by supplying the mist to generation portion vicinity of atmospheric-pressure plasma, and arranging the base material, such that the base material surface may become an emission region of atmospheric-pressure plasma. The distance between base material surface and atmospheric-pressure plasma is variable from position of introduction of mist to atmospheric-pressure plasma. Preferred Process: The raw material of water-repellent thin film is made into mist by ultrasonic vibration. The mist is discharged and mixed in a perpendicular direction with respect to direction through which atmospheric-pressure plasma flows. Preferred Apparatus: The apparatus further consists of housing (50) filled with inert gas inside, and generation of atmospheric-pressure plasma and formation of film are performed inside the housing.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The gas used for generating atmospheric-pressure plasma is mixed gas of argon and hydrogen.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The organosilicon compound is hexamethyl disiloxane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic material is chosen from 33 compounds e.g. silicon dioxide, aluminum trioxide, titanium dioxide, lithium phosphate, and barium oxide. The weight ratio of binder with respect to inorganic material contained in the slurry is 95:5-50:50.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The copolymer coupler used during the manufacturing process contains vinyl, hydride, distearate, bis(12-hydroxystearate), silyl ether, dimethoxyethane, ethoxylate, diglycidyl ether, monoglycidyl ether, bis(hydroxyalkyl), chloride, bis(3-aminopropyl), or bis(aminoethyl or aminopropyl).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Process: Manufacture of porous separating film further involves forming nanofibers (6) on a polyolefin substrate coated using inorganic material, performing electrospinning process, and forming inorganic material coating layer by coating inorganic material slurry containing the inorganic material and a binder on nanofibers. Preferred Components: The polymer is thermally-stable polymer or inorganic polymer. The thermally-stable polymer is polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, or polyimide. The binder is chosen from polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, meta-aramid, polymethyl methacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and styrene butadiene rubber. The inorganic polymer is a polymer containing silane or siloxane groups.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The semiconductor quantum dot contains compound (A) containing elements chosen from group-2 element, group-12 element, group-13 element, group-14 element, group-15 element, and group-16 element. The compound (A) preferably contains indium as a structural component. The compound (A) is indium phosphide/zinc sulfide compound, copper-indium sulfide/zinc sulfide compound, silver-indium sulfide compound, zinc sulfide/silver-indium sulfide compound, zinc-doped indium sulfide compound, or silicon compound. The content of semiconductor quantum dot is 0.1-100 parts mass with respect to 100 parts mass alkali-soluble resin.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The photo acid-generating material contains quinonediazide compound.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Component: The alkali-soluble resin is chosen from acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polysiloxane, and novolak resin having carboxyl group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first solvent exfoliated pristine nanomaterial and the second nanomaterial are present in a weight ratio of 1:60-60:1. The mixture of nanomaterial comprises graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes. The solution or stable dispersion comprises graphene nanoplatelets, carbon nanotubes, a solvent having a chi value of less than 0.1 and a surface tension of 38.4-40.4 mJ/m2 and an N-alkyl-pyrrolidone. The first nanomaterial is pristine graphene nanoplatelets. The second nanomaterial is carbon nanotubes.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The polymer nanocomposite comprises: pristine graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes; and the first nanomaterial and the second material at a combined concentration of at least 0.5 wt.%. The polymer is: a thermoset polymer or a thermoplastic polymer; and an epoxy, a polypropylene, a polycarbonate, an unsaturated polyester, a polyether ether ketone and/or a polyamide. The polymer nanocomposite has: an electrical resistivity of less than 1x 103 Ohm-cm to less than 1x 1012 Ohm-cm; and an electrical resistivity of less than one-tenth electrical resistivity of the nanocomposite. Preferred Method: The method further comprises controlling the electrical resistivity of the polymer composite by controlling the weight ratio of the first nanomaterial to the second nanomaterial. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The content of aromatic ester and poly- alpha -olefin is 10-95 %mass and 50 %mass or less, respectively. The aromatic ester is pyromellitic acid ester or trimellitic acid ester, preferably pyromellitic acid ester. The lubricant composition further contains thickener having dynamic viscosity of 100 mm2/second or more at 100 degrees C, sulfur-containing triazine-type antioxidant, thiophosphate-type antioxidant and amine antioxidant.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The poly- alpha -olefin is manufactured using metallocene catalyst, and has dynamic viscosity of 10-400 mm2/second at 100 degrees C. The thickener is polybutene having mass mean molecular weight of 1000-3000.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ELECTRONICS - Preferred Composition: The optoelectronic device further has semiconductor layer(s) immediately adjacent to low bandgap absorber region layer or improved transport layer.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The low bandgap absorber region layer or improved transport layer optionally contain 15 mol.% or less aluminum relative to total amount of group III element present in the layer, and contains nitrogen, and gallium-indium phosphide, aluminum-gallium-indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, aluminum-gallium arsenide, gallium-indium arsenide, gallium arsenide antimonide, aluminum-gallium-indium arsenide, aluminum-gallium arsenide antimonite, gallium-indium phosphide arsenide, aluminum-gallium-indium phosphide arsenide, gallium nitride phosphide, gallium-indium nitride phosphide, gallium nitride arsenide phosphide, and gallium-indium nitride arsenide antimonide. The semiconductor layer(s) includes aluminum, and optionally contains nitrogen.
EXAMPLE - The components such as tin (IV) acetate, zinc (II) acetate, and copper (II) acetate were mixed and prepared to a concentration of 0.2 mmol and sulfur was prepared to a concentration of 0.2-0.2 mmol. The resultant mixture was mixed with dodecanethiol in a nitrogen-substituted glass container. The mixture was heat processed at 240 degrees C for 30 minutes to obtain reaction solution. The reaction solution was rotated at 4000 rotations per minute (rpm), and centrifuged to remove coarse grain. Ethanol was added to the reaction solution, rotated at 15000 rpm, centrifuged twice, and the deposit was obtained. The deposit was dispersed in hexane, and filtered to obtain ultrafine particle dispersion. The dispersion was expanded on a quartz substrate, hexane was dried, and the sample for component analysis was obtained.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The anodes are lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12). The cathodes are lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4).    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Components: The thermal sealing material is coated with an epoxy resin or a methacrylate resin before introducing into the current collector and heat-sealing the two main faces of the honeycomb matrix. The thermal sealing material is a hot polyethylene molded inside the honeycomb matrix, and hot-rolled in the form of a sheet before introducing into the current collector and heat-sealing the two main faces of the honeycomb matrix.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The ternary composite cathode comprises catalyst, lanthanum strontium manganate (La1-xSrxMnO3) and yttria-stabilized zirconia, where the x is 0-1, the yttria-stabilized zirconia comprises 5-30 mol.% yttria and ziconia, and the mass ratio of the lanthanum strontium manganate and yttria-stabilized zirconia is 1-4.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Catalyst is complex oxide containing nickel, magnesium, cerium and aluminum. Catalyst which consists of complex oxide does not contain alumina, and consists of crystal phase of nickel magnesium oxide, magnesium aluminate and cerium oxide.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: Fluid for catalytic reaction is gas containing hydrocarbon, and product by catalytic reaction is hydrocarbon of gas and solid, or solid carbon. Fluid for catalytic reaction is gas containing a tar.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymer has aromatic ring.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING - Preferred Component: The hydrogen-generating apparatus further consists of a modifier, and a combustor for burning source gas, hydrogen-containing gas, and/or combustion air.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The crosslinkable functional group is heat-crosslinkable functional group chosen from methylol amide group and alkoxy methylamide group.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The primer layer (B1) and primer layer (B2) contain a resin (b) chosen from urethane resin (b1), vinyl resin (b2) and urethane-vinyl composite resin (b3). The urethane-vinyl composite resin (b3) is a composite resin having a shell layer containing urethane resin (b3a) and a core layer containing vinyl resin (b3b). Urethane resin (b3a) has an aliphatic cyclic structure of 2000 mmol/kg-5500 mmol/kg. The insulating layer (D) is a layer formed using a polyimide varnish. The resin (b) has a crosslinkable functional group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal-plated particles are metal nanoparticles having volume average particle diameter of 2-100 nm, protected by organic compound containing basic nitrogen atom. The ink contains fluorine-type surface energy regulator and/or silicon-type surface energy regulator.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The resin composition contains urethane resin or vinyl resin having weight average molecular weight of 5000 or more, and medium. The urethane resin includes 2000-5500 mmol/kg aliphatic cyclic structure and a hydrophilic group. The vinyl resin is obtained by polymerizing vinyl monomer mixture containing 10-70 %mass methyl methacrylate and 10-50 %mass 2-12C alkyl (meth)acrylate. The resin composition contains composite resin particles comprised by shell layer including urethane resin, and core layer including vinyl resin.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - the first dielectric layer comprises silicon nitride. The silicon substrate comprises material selected from group consisting of N-type bulk silicon and P-type bulk silicon. The doped region comprises dopant selected from group consisting of phosphorus and boron. The conductive filling comprises material selected from group consisting of aluminum particles, silicon particles and aluminum-silicon alloy particles. The second metal layer comprises metal selected from group consisting of copper, tin, aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, iron, nickel, zinc, ruthenium, palladium, and platinum.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Composition: The primary metal in the catalytic alloy is platinum and/or palladium. The secondary metal in the catalytic alloy is nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, vanadium, titanium, scandium, silver, rhodium, ruthenium, molybdenum, niobium, zirconium, yttrium, tungsten, tantalum and/or hafnium.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The solvent is water and/or alcohol. The alcohol is chosen from 25 compounds e.g. tert-butyl alcohol, heptyl alcohol, 2-methyl-1-pentyl alcohol, allyl alcohol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The concentration of hydroquinone in leaching solution is 0.001-0.5M. Preferred Property: The hydroquinone has redox potential of 0.5-0.9 V.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Components: The lead salt-coated substrate comprises a substrate made of glass, silica, silicon, silicon dioxide, quartz, calcium fluoride and/or sapphire.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The lead salt-coated substrate comprises a lead salt including lead(II) sulfide, lead selenide, lead telluride, lead tin(II) selenide, lead tin telluride, lead strontium selenide, lead strontium telluride, lead-cadmium selenide and lead cadmium telluride, and a lead salt containing two, three, four, or more Group IV and/or Group VI elements. The metal is gold.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The iodine is provided in a mixture with at least one of oxygen, nitrogen, air, helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. One of oxygen and nitrogen is oxygen provided in a mixture with at least one of nitrogen, air, helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon, and one of oxygen and nitrogen is nitrogen provided in a mixture with at least one of oxygen, air, helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Materials: The graphene is graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide functionalized with metal particles, or graphene nanoplatelets functionalized with metal particles.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Materials: The metal foam is aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, titanium, magnesium, lead or their alloy. The metal is nickel, zinc, tin, chrome, iron, copper, titanium, silver, gold, platinum, osmium, ruthenium, rhodium and palladium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The material further contains primary particles having average particle diameter of 420 nm or less. The lithium complex oxide is of formula: LiaNibMncCodMxO2, in which a is 0.9-1.2, b is more than 0 to less than 1, c and d are more than 0 to 0.5, x is 0-0.3, sum of b, c and d is 1 and element (M) is chosen from titanium, zirconium, niobium, tungsten, phosphorus, aluminum, magnesium, vanadium, calcium, strontium and chromium. The active material is spinel-type manganese positive electrode active material. Preferred Properties: The positive electrode active material has fabric weight of 20-30 mg/cm2 and density of 2.5-3.5 g/cm3.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The lithium-nickel type-complex oxide is of formula: LiaNibMncCodMxO2, where a is 0.9-1.2, b is more than 0 to less than 1, c and d are more than 0 to 0.5, x is 0-0.3, b+c+d is 1, M is titanium, zirconium, niobium, tungsten, phosphorus, aluminum, magnesium, vanadium, calcium, strontium or chromium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The metal (M1) is chosen from platinum, palladium, gold, rhodium, and other metal containing platinum, palladium, gold or rhodium. The metal (M2) is chosen from silver, nickel, iron, copper and palladium. The silicon substrate is made of single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, pseudo-single crystal silicon or silicon compound semiconductor. The process solution comprises a mixed aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and metal catalyst. Preferred Property: The film thickness of nanocrystal structure layer is 30-500 nm.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric compound is thermally-stable polymer chosen from polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, meta-aramid and polyvinylidene fluoride, or inorganic polymer chosen from silane-based polymer and siloxane-based polymer.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The reaction accelerator comprises metallic iron or iron compound as iron component, metal calcium or calcium compound as a calcium component, and metallic nickel or a nickel compound as a nickel component. The reaction accelerator comprises 0.1-5 %mass iron components, 0.1-5 %mass calcium components, and 400-3000 mass ppm nickel components with respect to the total content of metal silicon grain containing reaction accelerator. Preferred Process: The catalyst is prepared by adding an iron component, a calcium component and a nickel component as reaction accelerators to metal silicon particles. During manufacture of hydrogenation chlorosilane, the catalyst heats the metal silicon grain with hydrogen gas in the reaction tank, and removed the surface oxide layer of the metal silicon grain, and further iron component, calcium component, and nickel component are added in hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst is the metal silicon grain in a reaction tank, and the iron component, calcium component, and nickel component are heated in hydrogen atmosphere, and removal of surface oxide layer and catalytic activation are carried out simultaneously. The reaction temperature for restoring tetrachlorosilane is 350-600 degrees C. The metal silicon grains are activated using catalyst during restoring tetrachlorosilane.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - IMAGING AND COMMUNICATION - Preferred Process: The electroconductive pattern is obtained by performing electroplating or electroless-plating to the surface of printing portion formed by printing the fluid.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The vinyl monomer (a1-2) contains 1 or more vinyl monomers chosen from (meth)acrylic acid and alkyl (meth)acrylate.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Property: The vinyl polymer (a1) has number-average molecular weight of 500-10000. Preferred Process: The vinyl polymer (a1) is obtained by reacting chain transfer agent (a1-1) having 2 hydroxyl groups and 1 mercapto group, and vinyl monomer (a1-2). The resin composition forms the layer which accepts the fluid containing electroconductive substance or pigment. Preferred Composition: The polyol (A) is chosen from polyether polyol, polyester polyol, and polycarbonate polyol. The content of vinyl polymer (a1) with respect to total mass of raw material used for manufacturing urethane resin (C) is 1-70 %mass. The fluid containing electroconductive substance or pigment is an electroconductive ink containing an electroconductive substance, a metal-plating nucleating agent containing electroconductive substance, or pigmented ink containing pigment.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The composition further contains polyhydric alcohol compound of formula (R6-(CH(-OH)-C(-R4)(-R5)-CH(-OH))k-R7).j = 0-3;k = greater than or equal to 1;R4, R5 = H, hydroxyl, 1-5C alkyl or 1-5C hydroxyalkyl; andR6, R7 = H or 1-3C alkyl.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The negative electrolyte does not contain ferric ions (Fe3+). The second flow of hydrogen gas into the anode chamber through the hydrogen gas inlet is controlled at the second rate, and the second flow of hydrogen gas interacts with the catalyst coating so as to cause hydrogen ions (H+) to be generated at a third rate. The first rate, the second rate, the third rate and the applied electric current are controlled so as to cause the Cr3 ions to be reduced to Cr2+ ions at the controlled rate by reaction with H+ ions entering the cathode chamber through the separator from the anode chamber at the third rate. The separator membrane includes a cation exchange membrane. The redox flow battery negative electrolyte inlet is coupled to a source of negative electrolyte at a low state-of-charge. The low state-of-charge negative electrolyte is at a state of oxidation of less than 50%.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - Preferred Component: The catalyst coating includes platinum, tungsten carbide, palladium, platinum alloy, or rhodium.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Properties: The semiconductor particles have average particle diameter of 100 nm or less. Preferred Composition: The group 11 element is copper and/or silver. The group 15 element is antimony. The group 16 element is sulfur.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Component: The fat-soluble solvent is nitrogen-containing compound having 4-20C hydrocarbon group.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The gas barrier layers are made from silicon oxides, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, or magnesium oxide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - The support base and the cover are made independently of material selected from alumina, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, complex of aluminum nitride and boron nitride and pyrolytic boron nitride coated with graphite and quartz.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - METALLURGY - The electrically conductive protective layer is made of a material selected from tungsten, tantalum, silicon, platinum, nickel, molybdenum and silicon carbide.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The first layer comprises boric acid. The first layer further comprises: at least one substituted mercaptotetrazole of formula (I); at least one substituted mercaptotriazole of formula (III); and 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol.R1 = alkyl containing up to 20C, aryl containing up to 10C, alkylaryl containing up to 30C, heteroaryl containing up to 10C, alkoxy containing up to 20C (all optionally substituted), H, O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, NR2R3, SR4, SOR4, SO2R4, COOH, salt of CO2-M1+, CONR2R3, NR2COR4, COR4, OCOR4 or SO2NR2R3;R1a, R2a = alkyl containing up to 20C, aryl containing up to 10C, alkylaryl containing up to 30C, heteroaryl containing up to 10C, alkoxy containing up to 20C (all optionally substituted), H, C, O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, SH, NR3aR4a, SR5a, SOR5, SO2R5, COOH, salt of CO2-M1+, CONR3aR4a, NRCOR5a, COR5a, OCOR5a or SO2NR3aR4a;R2, R3, R3a, R4a = H, alkyl containing up to 20C or aryl containing up to 10C;R4, R5a = alkyl containing up to 20C or aryl containing up to 10C; andM1+ = cation comprising metal cation, quaternary ammonium cation or quaternary phosphonium cation.The transparent conductive article further comprises at least one second layer disposed adjacent to the first layer, where the second layer comprises boric acid, and is disposed on the first layer, or disposed between the transparent substrate and the first layer. The second layer further comprises (I).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The inorganic layer contains metal oxide or metal nitride, preferably silicon compound or aluminum compound. The inorganic layer is formed into a film by chemical vapor deposition.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - POLYMERS - Preferred Composition: The polymeric compound is a condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon residue-containing compound of formula (I).Cyc=condensed polycyclic hydrocarbyl residue obtained by removing hydrogen from (m+n) condensed polycyclic hydrocarbyl of formulae (a-f), preferably formula (a or d);L=single bond or bivalent coupling group;PG=polymeric group;NPG=nonpolymerizable group;n=1-4;andm=0-4.(i) 1-4-L-PG groups are bonded with one ring in the condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon structure. Preferred Components: The device contains an image display element. The support component and layer(s) of organic layer are directly contacted in the device.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - CERAMICS AND GLASS - Preferred Composition: The optical up-conversion material further comprises solvent, resin, or glass. Preferred Definitions:    A=group chosen from group of formulae (iii)-(xviii).
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Composition: The compound is further connected with charge-transporting molecular unit (A) by single bond, hydrogen, halogen, 1-4C alkyl or cyclic structure unit (C). The compound is a liquid crystal compound. The compound shows phases other than N phase, SmA phase, and SmC phase. The phases other than N phase is SmB, SmB crystal, SmI, SmF, SmG, SmE, SmJ, SmK or SmH. The number of condensed ring of charge-transporting molecular unit (A) is 3-5. The ring contained in condensed ring of charge-transporting molecular unit (A) is 5-6C ring. The charge-transporting molecular unit (A) is 5,10-dithia-indeno(2,1-a)indene. The number of condensed ring of charge-transporting molecule is less than or equal to number of ring contained in cyclic structure unit. The side chain unit (B) is chosen from 2-20C alkyl having substituent, 2-20C alkenyl having substituent, 2-20C alkylthio, 2-20C alkyloxy or group of formula: -(CH2)n-X-(CH2)m-CH3 (I). The cyclic structure unit (C) is aromatic hydrocarbon having 1-4C alkyl, or halo, or group of formula: Ar1-CC- (III) or R'-CC-Ar2- (IV).X=S, O, or NH;m=0-17;n=2 or more;Ar1=aromatic hydrocarbyl or heteroaryl (optionally substituted by 1-4C alkyl or halo);Ar2=optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbyl;andR'=aromatic hydrocarbyl or heteroaryl (optionally substituted by 1-4C alkyl or halo).