TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Method: The depositing of the thin layer involves depositing the thin layer in multiple cycles. The depositing the catalyst involves depositing the catalyst in multiple cycles. The method further involves mixing the cathode material with a binder. The depositing of the thin layer is by atomic layer deposition and the depositing of the catalyst is by atomic layer deposition. The depositing of the thin layer involves providing an inert material precursor configured to decompose or react in the depositing to form the inert material. The depositing of the catalyst involves providing a catalyst precursor. The method further involves a co-reactant oxygen source material to react with the inert material precursor. Preferred Components: The inert material comprises a metal oxide, a metal halide, a metal oxyfluoride, a metal phosphate, a metal sulfate, a non-metal oxide, or a non-metal. The inert material comprises Al2O3, aluminum oxyfluoride, Zn2OF2, ZrO2, ZnO, AlF3, CaF2, SiO2, GeO2, CeO2, TiO2, MgO, Si, Se, Al2O3, ZrO2, ZnO, MgO, CeO2, TiO2, AlF3 BiF3, MgF2, MnF3, NiF3, CoF3, FeF3, CaF2, SiO2, GeO2, FePO4, Ca3(PO4)2, CaSO4, and/or BaSO4. The catalyst comprises metal nanoparticles comprising Pd, Ni, Mn, Cu, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Ag, Ir, Rh, or Ru. The catalyst comprises metal oxide nanoparticles comprising PdO, NiO, Ni2O3, MnO, Mn2O3, MnO2, CuO, Cu2O, Co3O4, Co2O3, FeO, or Fe3O4. The catalyst comprises a mixture of metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles. The carbon material comprises synthetic graphite, natural graphite, amorphous carbon, hard carbon, soft carbon, acetylene black, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), carbon black, Ketjen black, mesoporous carbon, porous carbon matrix, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, or graphene. The thin layer comprises at least two layers of the inert material. The catalyst comprises at least two depositions of the catalyst. The inert material precursor is a trialkylaluminum, trialkylaluminum, trifluoroaluminum, trichloroaluminum, tribromoaluminum, AlMe2Cl, AlMe2OPr, Al(OEt)3, Al(OPr)3, ZrCl3, ZrCl4, ZrI4, ZrCp2Cl2, ZrCp2Me2, Zr(OBu)4, Zr(dmae)4, Zr(thd)4, Zr(NMe2)4, Zr(NEt2)4, Zr(OPr)2(dmae)2, Zr(OBu)2(dmae)2, Zr(NEtMe)4, ZnCl2, ZnEt2, ZnMe2, Zn(OAc)2, SiCl4, SiCl3H, SiCl2H2, HMDS, Si(NCO)4, MeOSi(NCO)3, GeCl4, MgCp2, Mg(thd)2, TiCl4, TiI4, Ti(OMe)4, Ti(OEt)4, Ti(OPr)4, Ti(OPr)2(dmae)2, Ti(OBu)4, or Ti(NMe2)4. The catalyst precursor comprises PdCl2, Pd(acac)2, HAuCl4, H2PtCl4, H2PdCl4, AgNO3, palladium bis-hexafluoroacetylacetonate, bis(2,2,6,6-tretramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)palladium (Pd(thd)2), Ru(CpEt)2, RuCp2, Ru(od)3, Ru(thd)3, Pt(CpMe)Me3, Pt(acac)2, Ir(acac)3, FeCl3, Fe(acac)3, Fe(thd)3, FeCp2, Mn(thd)3, Co(acac)2, Co(acac)3, Co(thd)2, NiCp2, Ni(acac)2, Ni(thd)2, Ni(apo)2, Ni(dmg)2, Cu(acac)2, Cu(thd)2, or Cu(hfac)2.    TECHNOLOGY FOCUS - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - Preferred Components: The co-reactant oxygen source material comprises oxygen, formalin, methanol, ethanol, water, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, glyoxylic acid, ozone, N2O, NO2, or N2O4. EXAMPLE - No suitable example given.